Title: COCA-8K-1W (part 2)

Word: introductory
Front: introductory
[ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri] (8912/8008 -1)
Vocabulary: introductory
(once / 1938 pages)
adj
Something introductory prefaces or explains what comes after it. An introductory paragraph at the start of your essay will sum up the ideas you plan to discuss.
Introductory remarks before a speech will give some basic information about the speaker or her topic, and an introductory scene in a movie sets up the characters, time period, or setting so the story makes sense. This 17th century adjective is from the Latin word introductorius, from introducere, "to lead in," with its roots intro-, "inward," and ducere, "to lead."
WORD FAMILY
introductory: introductorily+/ introduce: introduced, introduces, introducing, introduction, introductory, re-introduce, reintroduce/ introduction: introductions, re-introduction/re-introduce: re-introduced/reintroduce: reintroduced, reintroduces, reintroducing, reintroduction/reintroduction: reintroductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nearly every introductory highlight included his hurdle of a Syracuse defender as he reached the end zone.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department is holding a free introductory course at Lake Carmi.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The home page contains many thumbnail images that entice you to read more, along with a few introductory words.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 引导的，介绍的，导言的; 开端的; 序
分布：介绍的(54%)，引导的(26%)，开端的(20%)
adjective
FIRST TIME 首次的
■existing, used, or experienced for the first time 首次的（存在，使用或经历）
• an introductory price/offer 上市价／试销优惠
• an introductory course in word processing (= a course for people who have not done word processing before) 电脑文字处理基础课程
[ˌɪn.trə'dʌk.tər.i] adjective
BEGINNING 开始的
■written or said at the beginning 引导的；序言的
• an introductory chapter 序篇
• I'd like to make some introductory remarks before beginning the lecture properly. 我想在讲座正式开始之前说几句开场白。
adj. 引导的，介绍的；开端的
 - guiding, orientative

Word: bunk
Front: bunk
[bʌŋk] (雅 8899/12320 -1)
Vocabulary: bunk
(once / 460 pages)
1nv 2n 3v 4n
A bunk is a bed that's built above another bed. Twin sisters might argue nightly over who gets the top bunk.
You might find a bunk bed in a child's bedroom or a train's sleeper car. Sometimes the rough bed in a rustic cabin is also called a bunk — and you could say, "I'll bunk in the cabin tonight." Informally, bunk is also nonsense: "How can you believe that bunk?" The bed meaning is short for bunker, while the "foolishness" definition is from bunkum, named for a politician's long, dull speech in 1820, in Buncombe, North Carolina.
WORD FAMILY
bunk: bunked, bunker, bunking, bunks, debunk +/bunker: bunkered, bunkering, bunkers/ debunk: debunked, debunking, debunks/debunking: debunkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would lie on his bunk until breakfast, then eat and get back on the bunk until lunch.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I got on my stomach, crawled under the bunk, and taped the pole.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
We thought the "task force" bunk would die with the American win at Hazeltine.
Golf Digest(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （车、船等的）铺位; 睡觉处，卧处; 牲口食槽; 空话，废话
vi. 睡在铺上; 合铺，合住
vt. 为…提供铺位
时态：bunked, bunking, bunks
分布：铺位(71%)，睡觉(25%)，为 ... 提供卧铺(4%)
→1.卧铺，词源同bench, 长凳。
noun
BED 床
countable
■a narrow bed that is fixed to a wall, especially in a boat or a train （尤指船或火车的）卧铺，铺位
countable often plural also (bunk bed)
■one of two beds fixed together, one on top of the other （双层床的）床铺
• The twins sleep in bunk beds. 这对双胞胎睡双层床。
• Can I sleep in the top bunk? 我可以在上铺睡吗？
[bʌŋk] noun
NONSENSE 胡说
uncountable (also bunkum) old-fashioned informal
■complete nonsense or something that is not true 胡说；瞎话
• Most economists think his theories are sheer bunk. 大多数经济学家认为他的理论纯粹是胡说。
[bʌŋk] noun
LEAVE 离开
do a bunk UK old-fashioned slang
■to leave suddenly and unexpectedly 溜走；不辞而别
• They'd done a bunk without paying the rent. 他们没付租金就溜了。
[bʌŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bunk down informal
■to sleep 睡觉
• We were able to bunk down in the spare room for the night. 我们得以在空房里睡了一晚。
[bʌŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bunk off (sth) UK informal
■to stay away from school or work or to leave early, especially without permission 逃学；旷工；早退
• A lot of people bunk off early on Friday. 许多人周五提前就开溜了。
• It was a sunny day so they decided to bunk off school. 那天天气晴好，于是他们决定逃学。
n. 铺位；床铺；座床
 - doss
vi. 睡在铺上；逃跑
 - do a guy, make a break for it

Word: sweaty
Front: sweaty
[ˈsweti] (8900/15011 -1)
Back: adj. 浑身出汗的; 汗臭的; 吃力的; 汗似的
级别：sweatier, sweatiest
分布：出汗的(75%)，汗流浃背的(25%)
→sweat,流汗，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['swe-] adjective
■covered in sweat or smelling of sweat 流汗的，出汗的，有汗味的
• a sweaty face 满是汗水的脸
• sweaty clothes 有汗味的衣服
• We spent the evening in a sweaty pub (= one that causes you to sweat). 我们整夜都待在一个热得让人冒汗的酒吧里。
adj. 出汗的；吃力的；使人出汗的
 - demanding, laborsome

Word: bedside
Front: bedside
[ˈbedsaɪd] (8910/8016 -1)
Back: n. 床边，床侧
adj. 床旁的; 关于病人的，临床的
分布：床边(85%)，床边的(14%)，病床边的(1%)
noun countable usually singular
■the area at the side of a bed 床边，床旁
• I like to have a telephone at my bedside. 我想在床边装部电话。

Word: excavation
Front: excavation
[ˌekskəˈveɪʃn] (托 8898/6252)
Vocabulary: excavation
(once / 1569 pages)
n
Excavation is the act or process of digging, especially when something specific is being removed from the ground. Archaeologists use excavation to find artifacts and fossils.
There are many types of excavation, but they all involve digging holes in the earth. Mining for coal, gold, or diamonds all require excavation, and before buildings and houses can be built, there is often some excavation that's done before a foundation can be poured. The Latin source of excavation is excavationem, "a hollowing out," from excavare, "to hollow out," with its roots of ex-, "out," and cavare, "to hollow."
WORD FAMILY
excavation: excavations+/ excavate: excavated, excavates, excavating, excavation, excavator/excavator: excavators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They started issuing licenses, collecting taxes on excavation,” Azm said in a phone interview Monday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In modern excavations, the site yielded a wealth of Mesopotamian art.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This year, the excavation of an adjacent settlement preserved in the river silts threw open another window on to life in Bronze Age Britain.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 挖掘; 开凿; 开凿的洞穴（或山路等）; （发掘出来的）古迹
分布：挖掘(61%)，发掘(34%)，挖掘的洞(3%)，发掘物(2%)
挖掘;出土文物[cav=hole,表示"洞"]
VERB
发掘，挖掘（古物等）
When archaeologists or other people excavate a piece of land, they remove earth carefully from it and look for things such as pots, bones, or buildings which are buried there, in order to discover information about the past.
例：A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs.一支新的丹麦探险队又在那个遗址上进行一年一度的夏季挖掘。
VERB
挖;开凿
To excavate means to dig a hole in the ground, for example in order to build there.
例：A contractor was hired to drain the reservoir and to excavate soil from one area for replacement with clay.雇了一个承包商抽干水库的水，挖掉一个区域的泥土后再用黏土填上。
n. [建] 挖掘， [古] 发掘
 - digging, disinterment

Word: greedy
Front: greedy
[ˈgri:di] (高研四六托雅 8908/8585)
Vocabulary: greedy
(once / 640 pages)
adj
Being greedy means you want more and more of something, especially money. But you can be greedy for just about anything, including food, drink, or fame.
People who are greedy are a little too interested in having something. Usually, that something is money. Rich people who keep trying to get more and more money are often accused by being greedy. A gluttonous person is greedy for food. If you're obsessed with something and can't get enough of it, you're greedy for it. This is a word for extreme, grasping, devouring behavior.
WORD FAMILY
greedy: greedier, greediest, greedily, greediness, overgreedy+/ greed: greeds, greedy /greediness: greedinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A leaked American diplomatic cable said she was the “the single most hated person” in Uzbekistan and a “greedy power hungry individual.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Another is to be less greedy in negotiating with potential licensees and commercial partners.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Instead, he told “Entertainment Tonight,” he will portray the son of a greedy banker who employed the childrens’ father.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 贪吃的; 贪心的; 贪婪的; 渴望的
级别：greedier, greediest
分布：贪婪的(100%)
a.贪吃的,贪婪的,渴望的Don't be so greedy.别这么贪.
adjective
 IMPROVER
■wanting a lot more food, money, etc. than you need 贪吃的；贪财的；贪婪的；贪得无厌的
• greedy, selfish people 贪婪自私的人
• He's greedy for power/success. 他贪恋权力／极度渴望成功。
adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的
 - eager, hungry, anxious, desired, sick

Word: salvage
Front: salvage
[ˈsælvɪdʒ] (托雅宝 8909/11128 -2)
Vocabulary: salvage
(once / 2070 pages)
1nv 2v
To salvage something is to save it...before it's too late. You might try to salvage your damaged reputation by defending yourself, or salvage a burnt piece of toast by scraping off the black residue.
As a noun salvage is the act of rescuing stuff from a disaster like a shipwreck or fire — or the rescued goods themselves. As a verb, salvage means to collect or rescue that sort of item, or more generally to save something from harm or ruin. If you want to salvage your grade, you need to stop gaming so much and start studying more.
WORD FAMILY
salvage: salvageable, salvaged, salvager, salvages, salvaging+/salvager: salvagers/ salvation: salvations/salve: salvage, salvation, salved, salves, salving
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tennessee did salvage the franchise’s first winning record since 2011.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Workers were installing one of the few salvaged pieces from the fire: stained-glass windows that were carefully removed and restored.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They document themselves with reality-show glee clearing Islamic state tunnels, hoisting salvaged weapons, pointing to graffiti, prisoners and corpses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 海上营救; 抢救出的财产; 救援费; 经加工后重新利用的废物
vt. （从火灾、海难等中）抢救（某物）; 回收利用（某物）
时态：salvaged, salvaging, salvages
分布：打捞(37%)，抢救(35%)，救助(23%)，海上救助(5%)
→来自拉丁语 salvare,挽救，抢救，来自 sol,完整的，词源同 solid,salvation,save.-age,名词 后缀。引申诸相关词义。
抢救(salv+age表名词,如：foliage树叶)[salvsav=save,表示"救助"]
【记】salv＝save，age－抢救
【参】salvation（n 拯救）
verb transitive
■to save goods from damage or destruction, especially from a ship that has sunk or been damaged or a building that has been damaged by fire or a flood （尤指从失事船只、火灾或水灾中）抢救，打捞
• gold coins salvaged from a shipwreck 从船只残骸中打捞出的金币
• After the fire, there wasn't much furniture left worth salvaging. 火灾之后，没有剩下多少值得抢救的家俱。
■to try to make a bad situation better 挽救，挽回
• It was a desperate attempt to salvage the situation. 挽回这种局面的希望渺茫。
• After the fraud scandal he had to make great efforts to salvage his reputation. 诈骗丑闻传出后，他不得不极力挽回自己的声誉。
n. 打捞； [水运] [安全] 海上救助；抢救财货；救难的奖金
 - refloatation

Word: sequel
Front: sequel
[ˈsi:kwəl] (8892/11795 -1)
Vocabulary: sequel
(once / 1063 pages)
n
A sequel is a continuation or part two. The Empire Strikes Back and Toy Story 2 are sequels. Many successful movies have sequels.
The most common meaning of sequel is for a book or movie that follows another, but the term can be used for just about anything that comes second. We might say of an actress who begins her career with a bang, "What will she do for a sequel?" A football team that wins a championship may have trouble with the sequel — trying to win another one next year. All sequels have a tough challenge — living up to the original.
WORD FAMILY
sequel: sequels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reynolds and the Deadpool creative team are hard at work on the upcoming sequel, with John Wick’s David Leitch on board to direct.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
I wrote about the many projects Fisher was involved in as an actor and writer, from “Star Wars” to a possible sequel to “Wishful Drinking.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is the logic of many video game sequels: Over time, they become more about the auto-nostalgia for previous games in the series.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 继续; 续集，续篇; 结局，后果; 余波
分布：续集(71%)，结局(12%)，续篇(11%)，后果(6%)
→来自拉丁语 sequi,追随，延续，词源同 sequence,pursue.-el,小词后缀。引申词义续集，续篇。
noun countable
■a book, film or play which continues the story of a previous book, etc. （书、电影或戏剧的）续篇，续集
• I'm reading the sequel to 'Gone with the Wind'. 我正在读《飘》的续集。
Compare prequel an event which happens after and is the result of an earlier event 后果；结局
• There was a dramatic sequel to last Thursday's scandalous revelations when the minister for trade suddenly announced his resignation. 贸易部长突然宣布辞职，上星期四的丑闻曝光便有了戏剧般的结局。
n. 续集；结局；继续；后果
 - conclusion, outcome, ending, continuation

Word: machine
Front: machine
[məˈʃi:n] (中高雅 1022/761 -K4)
Vocabulary: machine
(once / 66 pages)
nv
At its simplest, a machine is an invention that does a job better and faster and more powerfully than a human being.
Despite being man-made we’ve come to think of the word machine as the very opposite of human. The Machine Age we live in is considered impersonal and overwhelming, and anything machine-like is often considered soulless or even dangerous. (Witness the countless fantasies of robots taking over the world.) Human beings working together, like "the cogs of a machine," can become more powerful than a single person. That's why sports teams or political organizations are often described as "well-oiled machines."
WORD FAMILY
machine: machined, machinelike, machinery, machines, machining, machinist+/ machinery: machineries/machinist: machinists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was unclear how many machines were in the truck or whether any money was in them, a police spokesman said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“They used hand grenades and machine gun and transformed their celebration to mourning.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Being prompted to enter into an inner dialogue in an fMRI machine is not the same as spontaneously debating with oneself at the kitchen table.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 机器，机械; 机械般的人; 核心
vt. 用机器制造，用机器加工
vi. 被机器切削
时态：machined, machining, machines
分布：机器(99%)，工具(1%)
→来自拉丁语machina,机器，引擎，装置，设施，诡计，来自magh,使能够，赋予力量，词源同might,magic,mechanic.
机器[mach,mech=machine,表示"机器"]
n.机器,机械v.用机器加工The machine performs well.那部机器运转良好.
noun countable
PIECE OF EQUIPMENT 机器
 ESSENTIAL
■a piece of equipment with several moving parts which uses power to do a particular type of work 机器；机械（装置）
• Eggs are sorted into different sizes by a machine. 鸡蛋由机器按大小分捡。
• If I'm not home when you call, leave a message on the machine (= answering machine). 如果你打电话时我不在家，请在答录机上留言。
• Don't forget to put the towels in the machine (= washing machine) before you go out. 出去前别忘了将毛巾放到洗衣机里。
• I got some chocolate from a vending machine. 我从贩卖机里买了些巧克力。
[mə'ʃi:n] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑 specialized
■a computer 电脑
• You'll need a powerful machine for editing videos. 你需要一台功能强大的电脑来编辑图像。
[mə'ʃi:n] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆 informal
■a vehicle, often a motorcycle 车辆（常指摩托车）
• approving That's a mean (= powerful) machine you've got there, Bill. 比尔，你的摩托车马力可真大。
[mə'ʃi:n] noun countable
GROUP OF PEOPLE 组织
■a group of people who control and organize something 核心组织，领导核心
• Churchill's war machine 邱吉尔的战争机器
• The party machine has swung into action with its preparation for the election. 政党机器已开始为选举做准备。
• It's now up to the government's propaganda machine to restore the prime minister's image. 现在要靠政府的宣传机器来重建首相的形象。
[mə'ʃi:n] verb transitive
■to stitch cloth with a sewing machine 用缝纫机缝制
• I've almost finished making the curtains - I just have to machine the hem. 窗帘我已经做得差不多了——只需用缝纫机缝一下边。
machinery, engine, motor, apparatus, mechanism, machine
这组词都有“机器，装置”的意思，其区别是：
machinery: 指机器的总称。
engine: 既可泛指或大或小、简单或复杂的机械、机器，又可指产生动力的发动机或引擎。
motor: 通常指小型或轻型马达、发动机。
apparatus: 指具有特殊用途的装置。
mechanism: 指运行系统，简单的机械装置。
machine: 普通用词，泛指一切机器。
n. 机械， [机] 机器；机构；机械般工作的人
 - organization, robot, house

Word: disparate
Front: disparate
[ˈdɪspərət] (宝 8918/11798 -1)
Vocabulary: disparate
(once / 2144 pages)
adj
The trunk of some people's cars may contain items as disparate as old clothes, rotting food, and possibly a missing relative. Disparate things are very different from each other.
Near synonyms are unequal and dissimilar. The adjective disparate is from Latin disparātus, from disparāre "to separate, divide," from the prefix dis- "apart" plus parāre "to prepare." Disparate in the sense of "very different" probably developed by association with the Latin adjective dispar "unequal, different."
WORD FAMILY
disparate: disparately, disparateness, disparity +/ disparity: disparities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There are also many smaller militias—the estimates of the disparate Syrian forces exceed one thousand—that are not signatories.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
According to the CDC, these disparities occur as a result of disparate environmental and social conditions, as well as limited access to health care.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 完全不同的; 从根本上种类有区分或不同的
分布：不同的(98%)，异类的(2%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-par, 相等，相同，词源同part, peer. 即不在一个级别，迥然不同。
【记】dis不，par平等－不同的dis分开，parate＝prepare（准备）：分开准备因为不同
【参】disparity（n 职位、数量、质量不一致；不同）；parity（n 相等）
【反】homogeneous（adj 同类的）；like（adj 相似的）；analogous（adj 类似的；相似的）；similar（adj 相似的）
US [-pɚ.ət] formal
adjective
■different in every way 截然不同的，完全不同的，迥然不同的
• The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. 这两种文化截然不同，她发现很难由一种文化转而去适应另一种文化。
adj. 不同的；不相干的；全异的
 - different, diverse, unlike, varying, another

Word: make
Front: make
[meɪk] (中高雅 45/43 -K3)
Vocabulary: make
(once / 3 pages)
1v 2n 3v 4v 5n
If you offer to sell me your car, I might ask you, "What make is it?" Then you tell me what brand, year and model it is, because in this case make means "type made."
The noun make is either a type or a fancy card move, but as a verb, it has tons of uses, either related to forming things (you made a pie!), or forcing things (you made me make a pie). You can also make money. It can mean "act," like when you "make like a dog." You can make first place, and then make out with someone to celebrate. You really do make a nice couple.
WORD FAMILY
make: made, maker, makes, making, remake, unmake+/ made: madely, mader, madest, madingly, self-made, unmade/maker: makers/making: makings, remaking/remake: remade, remakes/remaking: remakings/unmake: unmakes, unmaking
USAGE EXAMPLES
Holmes, meanwhile, opened with a bogey, then made seven birdies and an eagle over the final 17 holes to shoot an eight-under par 64.
Golf Digest(Dec 01, 2016)
“I know so many people that would say, ‘Oh, that officer came to my house and made me feel safe again.’
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
According to the district’s policy, the request must go before a committee made up of the student’s principal, librarian, teacher and parent.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 做，制造; 生产，制定; 使成为; 使产生
vi. 开始; 尝试; 行进; 增大
n. 制造; 生产量; 性格; 形状，样式
时态：made, making, makes
分布：做(49%)，制造(37%)，使得(5%)，成功(3%)，性格(2%)，达成(2%)，生产量(1%)，式样(1%)
→来自古英语macian,制造，形成，安排，来自mag,捏，揉，形成，词源同match,massage.最早可能是来自人类始祖捏泥土以建房，后引申多种词义。
n.(产品)来源,制法vt.制造,做成,准备They make bottles out of glass.他们用玻璃做瓶
verb (made, made)
PRODUCE 生产
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to produce something, often using a particular substance or material 做；制作；制造
• Shall I make some coffee? 我煮些咖啡好吗？
• He'd made a chocolate cake. 他做了一个巧克力蛋糕。
• She makes all her own clothes. 她所有的衣服都是自己做的。
• [+ two objects] He made us some coffee./He made some coffee for us. 他为我们煮了些咖啡。
• The pot is made to withstand high temperatures. 这个罐子经特别制作，能抵抗高温。
• He works for a company that makes garden furniture. 他在一家生产庭院家俱的公司工作。
• The label on the box said 'made in Taiwan'. 盒子上的标签写著「台湾制造”。
• Butter is made out of/from milk. 奶油由牛奶制成。
• earrings made of gold 金制的耳环
• Her new trainer has promised to make an olympic athlete of her. 她的新教练承诺将她训练成奥运选手。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■To make a film or television programme is to direct , produce it, or act in it 执导；制作；拍摄；出演
• John Huston made some great films. 约翰•休斯顿执导过一些十分优秀的影片。
• The film was made by Goldcrest Productions. 这部影片是由金冠制片公司制作的。
• So why didn't Garbo make any films after 1941? 为甚么嘉宝1941年后就不再拍电影了？
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
CAUSE 导致
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to cause something 造成；引起；导致
• The kids made such a mess in the kitchen. 孩子将厨房弄得一团糟。
• The bullet made a hole right through his chest. 子弹射穿了他的胸膛。
• [+ infinitive without to] The wind is making my eyes water. 风吹得我眼睛直流泪。
• What made you change your mind? 甚么使你改变了想法？
• Just seeing Woody Allen's face is enough to make me laugh. 只要看一眼伍迪•艾伦的脸就足以使我发笑。
• The photograph makes me look about 80! 照片上的我看起来都快80岁了！
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
CAUSE TO BE 使成为
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to cause to be, to become or to appear as 使成为；使变成；使显得
• [+ noun] It's the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination. 良好的气候使西班牙成为旅游胜地。
• [R + past participle] She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music. 她只有大声喊叫才能盖过音乐声让别人听到她的声音。
• I can make myself understood in French, but I'm not fluent. 我说法语别人都明白，但说得不流利。
• They went up to the Ambassador and made themselves known (to her). 他们走到大使面前，（向她）作了自我介绍。
• [+ adj] The company accounts have not yet been made public. 公司账目至今尚未公开。
• The book's advertised as "navigation made easy ". 这本书的广告宣传词是“航海不再难”。
• The President has made Henry Paulson his Secretary of the Treasury. 总统已任命亨利‧保尔森为财政部长。
• I'll have a steak - no, make that chicken. 我要一份牛排——不，改成鸡肉。
make certain/sure ADVANCED
■to take action so that you are certain that something happens, is true, etc 确定；确保
• I'll just make sure I've turned the oven off. 我要确定一下是否关掉了烤箱。
• Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party. 我们要确保聚会上有足够的饮料。
• Make sure you're home by midnight. 你务必要在午夜前回到家。
• Jones made sure of his place in the side with three fine goals. 钟斯以三个漂亮的进球确保了他在队里的位置。
• I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to make sure. 我想我把门锁上了，但还是要回去检查确认一下。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
PERFORM 执行
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to perform an action 作出…的举动
• I must make a telephone call. 我必须打个电话。
• Somebody has made a donation of £1 million to Oxfam. 有人向乐施会捐赠了100万英镑。
• I need to make a trip to the shops. 我要去商店买点东西。
• On foot they could only make about 20 miles a day. 步行的话他们每天只能走20英里左右。
• We must make a decision by tomorrow. 到明天我们就必须作出决定。
• You're not making any effort. 你一点都不努力。
• Someone has made a mistake/an error. 有人犯了错误／出了差错。
• We're making good progress. 我们进展顺利。
• She has made a request for a new car. 她申请要一辆新汽车。
• We made an offer of £150 000 for the house. 我们出价15万英镑买这座房子。
• She made a short speech. 她作了简短的发言。
• Shall we make a start on the work? 我们现在开始工作好吗？
• Can I make a suggestion ? 我能否提个建议？
• We made good time getting across town. 我们快速穿过了小镇。
• There's a drunk at the door making trouble. 有个醉汉在门口闹事。
make room/space/way
■If you make room/space/way for something or someone, you move or move other things, so that there is space for them. 腾出地方／让路
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
FORCE 强迫
make sb do sth
 ESSENTIAL
■to force someone or something to do something 强迫…做
• You can't make him go if he doesn't want to. 如果他不想去，你不能强迫他去。
• The vet put something down the dog's throat to make it vomit. 兽医为狗灌了些东西，迫使它呕吐。
be made to do sth
 ESSENTIAL
■to be forced to do something 被迫做
• The prisoners are made to dig holes and fill them in again. 那些囚犯被强迫挖洞，然后再将之填平。
  Common Learner Errors  make sb do sth When make has the meaning 'to force', it is followed by a verb in the infinitive without 'to'. Do not say 'make someone to do something', say make someone do something.
✗ They made us to pay extra for the drinks. They made us pay extra for the drinks. Warning: in passive sentences, use the infinitive with 'to'. Don't say 'be made do something', say be made to do something.
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
BE OR BECOME 是／成为
 IMPROVER [L only + noun]
■to be or become something, usually by having the necessary characteristics （通常因有必需的特点而）成为，变为
• I don't think he will ever make a (good) lawyer. 我认为他不能够当（好）律师。
• He's a competent enough officer, but I doubt he'll ever make general. 他是个很能干的军官，但我怀疑他能否成为将军。
• It's a story that would make a great film. 这是个能用来拍好电影的故事。
• She decided the back room would make a good study. 她认为后面的房间很适合用作书房。
• Champagne and caviar make a wonderful combination. 香槟和鱼子酱搭配起来棒极了。
• The story makes fascinating reading. 这个故事读起来很精彩。
 IMPROVER [L only + noun]
■If people or things make a particular pattern, they are arranged in that way 形成；组成
• Let's make a circle. 我们来围成一个圈。
• Those seven bright stars make the shape of a saucepan. 那七颗明亮的星星构成一个长柄锅的形状。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
TOTAL 总数
 IMPROVER [L only + noun] transitive
■to produce a total when added together 等于；合计为
• 12 and 12 make 24. 12加12等于24。
• Today's earthquake makes five since the beginning of the year. 今天的地震是今年以来的第五次。
• [+ obj + noun] I've got 29 different teapots in my collection - if I buy this one that'll make it 30. 我已经收集了29个各式各样的茶壶——如果买下这个，就有30个了。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
CALCULATE 计算
 ADVANCED transitive + object + noun
■to calculate as 计算；估计
• How much do you make the total? 你算出的总数是多少？
• I make the answer (to be) 105.6. 我算出的答案是105.6。
• What do you make the time?/What time do you make it? 你估计现在几点了？
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
EARN/GET 赚得／获得
 ADVANCED transitive
■to earn or get 赚得；获得
• She makes $100 000 a year as a doctor. 她行医每年收入十万美元。
• How do you make a living as a painter? 你当画家如何谋生？
• The company has made huge profits/losses. 公司盈利丰厚／亏损严重。
• He's very good at making new friends. 他善于结交新朋友。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
ARRIVE 到达
 ADVANCED transitive informal
■to arrive at or reach, especially successfully （尤指成功地）赶到，到达
• She made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane. 她及时赶到机场，搭上了班机。
• He made it to the bed and then collapsed. 他走到床边就倒下了。
• Could you make a meeting at 8 am?/Could you make 8 am for the meeting? 能在早上八点见面吗？
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
PERFECT 完美
transitive informal
■to cause to be perfect 使完美；完善
• Those little bows round the neck really make the dress! 领口的小蝴蝶结确实为这条连身裙锦上添花！
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
be made for sb/sth
■to be exactly suitable for someone or something 和…是绝配
• Paul and Ann were made for each other. 保罗和安是天造地设的一对。
• This wallpaper's just made for my bedroom. 这种墙纸和我的卧室简直是绝配。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
be made of money
■to be rich 富有
• No you can't have another bike - I'm not made of money! 不行，你不能再买脚踏车了——我又不是富翁！
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
Do you want to make something/anything of it? informal
■something that you say to someone as a way of threatening or offering to fight them when they disagree with you 你想来真的吗？
[meɪk] verb (made, made) make 1 make sth up as you go along
* to invent a story or a tune without having thought before about how it will end 随口编造
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make a day/night/evening/weekend of it
■to make an activity longer or combine a series of activities so that they last for the whole of that particular period of time 花一天／夜／晚／个周末的时间做…
• Let's make an evening of it and catch the last train home. 我们玩一个晚上，然后赶最后一班火车回家。
• We don't get out often so we thought we'd make a day of it. 我们不常出来，所以决定要出来就呆上一整天。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make as if to do sth
■If you make as if to do something, you seem as if that is what you are going to do 好像要做；假装要做
• He made as if to speak. 他似乎有话要说。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make do
■to manage to live without things that you would like to have or with things of a worse quality than you would like 凑合；将就
• We didn't have cupboards so we made do with boxes. 我们没有橱柜，只好将就用箱子了。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make it (to the top)
■to be very successful 非常成功
• She's very ambitious but I doubt she'll ever make it to the top. 她很有抱负，但我怀疑她究竟能否成功。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make it up to sb
■to do something good for someone you have upset, in order to become friends with them again 补偿（自己伤害了的人）
• I'm sorry we can't take you with us, but I promise I'll make it up to you somehow. 很抱歉我们不能带你去，但我保证以后设法补偿你。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make it with sb US informal
■to have sex with someone 与（某人）性交
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make like US
■to pretend 假装，装作
• She made like she was about to leave, but then stayed for hours. 她装出要走的样子，可一呆又是几个小时。
• Stop making like you know everything, OK? 别装作无所不知，好吗？
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make much/a lot of sb informal
■to treat someone very well 对（某人）很好
• His mother used to make much of him when he went home for holidays. 过去他放假回家时，母亲总是为他忙前忙后。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make or break sth
■to make something a success or a failure 成就或毁掉
• Recognition by this organization can make or break a career. 获这个组织承认可能会成就事业，也可能会毁了事业。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
be make or break for sb/sth
■to make someone or something a success or a failure 是…的成败关键
• The Milan show will be make or break for his new designs. 米兰时装展将会决定他的新设计的成败。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make time
■to make certain you have some time when you are not busy in order to do something you think you should do 腾出时间
• It's important to make time to read to your children. 腾出一点时间念书给你的孩子听很重要。
• In a relationship you have to make time for each other. 恋爱中的男女必须为彼此挤出点时间。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
make to do sth formal
■If you make to do something, you are just going to do it when something interrupts you 正想做（而被打断）
• I made to leave but she called me back. 我正要离开，她把我叫了回去。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
what sb is (really) made of
■how strong, clever or brave someone is （某人）的真本事
• The 1500 metres race next week will be a chance for her to show what she's made of. 下周的1500米赛跑是她大显身手的机会。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make for somewhere/sth
■to go in the direction of a place or thing 走向；向…前进
• They made for the centre of town. 他们向城镇中心进发。
⇒ See also make towards
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make for sth
■to result in or make possible 导致；使成为可能
• Having faster computers would make for a more efficient system. 配备速度更快的电脑可以提高系统的工作效率。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make sth into sth IMPROVER
■to change something into something else 把…变成
• They've made the spare room into an office. 他们已把空置的房间改成办公室。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make of sth/sb
■If you ask someone what they make of someone or something, you want to know their opinion about that person or thing, often because there is something strange about them 看待；理解
• Can you make anything of this information? 你怎么看这个消息？
• What do you make of the new boss? 你认为新老板如何？
• I don't know what to make of it. 我不知道如何理解它才对。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make sth of sth
make enough/much/more, etc. of sth
■to give a particular level of value or importance to something 给予…足够／很多／更多等的重视
• You should make more of your IT skills on the application form. 你填申请表时应该更加突出你的 IT 技能。
• I think we make too much of the benefits of Western society. 我认为我们过分强调了西方社会的好处。
Compare make light of at light
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make off informal
■to leave quickly, usually in order to escape 匆忙离开；（通常指）逃走
• The burglars made off before the police arrived. 窃贼在警方赶到前逃走了。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make off with sth informal
■to steal something 偷走
• Somebody broke into the shop and made off with several TVs and videos. 有人闯入商店，偷走了几台电视机和录影机。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] make sth/sb out
■to see, hear or understand something or someone with difficulty （费力）看出，听清，辨认出，弄懂
• The numbers are too small - I can't make them out at all. 数字太小了——我根本看不清。
• I can't make out your writing. 我看不懂你写了甚么。
• She's a strange person - I can't make her out at all. 她是个怪人——我完全搞不懂她。
• [+ question word] Nobody can make out why you should have been attacked. 没有人明白你为甚么遇击。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] make sth out
■to write all the necessary information on an official document 开出；填写
• I made a cheque out for £20 to 'Henry's Supermarket'. 我开了一张20英镑的支票，抬头是“亨利超市”。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make out sth informal
■to state, usually falsely, that something is true 声称；（通常指）谎称
• [R + to infinitive] He made himself out to be a millionaire. 他谎称自己是百万富翁。
• [+ to be] The British weather is not always as bad as it is made out to be. 英国的天气并非总是像人们所说的那样糟糕。
• [+ (that)] He made out (that) he had been living in Paris all year. 他声称自己当年整年都住在巴黎。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make out US informal
SUCCEED
■to deal with a situation, usually in a successful way （通常指成功地）处理，应付
• How is Frances making out in her new job? 弗朗西丝的新工作做得怎么样？
• The business made out better than expected in 1992 and profits were slightly up. 1992年企业经营状况比预期理想，利润略微上升。
HAVE SEX
■to kiss and touch in a sexual way, or to succeed in having sex with someone 亲吻爱抚；性交
• Boys at that age are only interested in making out with girls. 那个年纪的男孩只对和女孩亲热感兴趣。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] make sth over to sb
■to give something, such as money or land, to someone so that they legally own it 将…移交给（某人）；（以法律形式）把…转让给（某人）
• Just before her death, she had made over $100 000 to her new husband. 就在临死之前，她将10万美元转给了新任丈夫。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make towards sth/sb mainly UK
■to go in the direction of something or someone 向…走去，走向 make 2 1. He made towards the door, but stopped and turned to face me.
他向门口走去，但又停了下来，转身看着我。
⇒ See also make for
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] make sth up
INVENT
 IMPROVER
■to invent something, such as an excuse or a story, often in order to deceive （常为骗人而）编造（借口、故事等）
• I made up an excuse about having to look after the kids. 我编了个借口，说必须照顾小孩。
• My dad was always really good at making up stories. 我爸爸总是很善于编故事。
PREPARE
■to prepare or arrange something by putting different things together 准备；安排；整理
• Could you make up a list of all the things that need to be done? 你能否将要做的所有事情列张清单？
• He asked the man behind the counter to make up a box with a mixed selection of chocolates. 他请售货员把多种巧克力拼凑起来，放好在盒子里。
• The maid will make up your room later. 服务员稍后将打扫您的房间。
■specialized
■to produce or prepare something from cloth （用布）缝制，制作
• We could use the rest of the material to make up some curtains. 我们可以用剩下的布料做些窗帘。
■specialized
■If you make up a page, book or newspaper, you arrange the text and pictures in the form in which they will be printed. 为（页面、书或报纸）排版
■If you make up a bed for someone, you put sheets and covers on a bed so that they have a place to sleep in your home. 铺床
■UK
■If you make up a fire, you prepare it or put more wood or coal on it when it is burning. 生（火）；给（火）添柴（或煤）
COMPLETE
■to make an amount of something complete or correct 补充，补足
• I have £20 000 and I need £25 000 but my parents have promised to make up the difference. 我有两万英镑，但我却需要两万五千，幸好父母答应帮我凑齐。
• UK I suspect we were only invited to make up numbers (= to provide enough people). 我怀疑我们只是被邀请来充数的。
REPLACE
■to reduce or replace something, usually an amount of time or work, that has been lost 补上；补偿；弥补；替代
• We're hoping to make up time on the return journey by not stopping at night. 我们希望在回程时通宵赶路，以弥补失去了的时间。
• You'll have to make up the work you've missed while you were away. 你必须补做缺勤期间本应完成的工作。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] make (sb/sth) up
■to put make-up on your face, or on another person's face, to improve or change its appearance （为…）化妆；（给…）化装
• She takes ages to make up in the mornings. 她每天早上花很长时间化妆。
• For the film, they made him up as an Indian. 在这部电影中，他需要化装成印第安人。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make up sth
■to form a particular thing, amount or number as a whole 组成，构成
• Road accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients. 车祸伤者几乎占了医院病人的四分之一。
• The book is made up of a number of different articles. 这本书汇集了多篇文章。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make up (also make it up)
■to forgive someone and be friendly with them again after an argument or disagreement 和解，言归于好
• They kissed and made up, as usual. 像往常一样，他们亲个吻和好了。
• We often quarrel but we always make it up soon after. 我们常常吵架，但总是很快就和好。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make up for sth ADVANCED
■to take the place of something lost or damaged or to compensate for something bad with something good 补偿，弥补
• No amount of money can make up for the death of a child. 无论多少钱都无法补偿孩子的死。
• This year's good harvest will make up for last year's bad one. 今年的丰收将弥补去年的歉收。
• [+ -ing verb] He bought me dinner to make up for being so late the day before. 他请我吃晚餐，作为对前一天迟到的补偿。
make up for lost time
■to enjoy an experience as much as possible because you did not have the opportunity to do it earlier in life 弥补失去的时光，尽情享受
• I didn't travel much in my twenties but I'm certainly making up for lost time now. 我二十多岁时很少去旅行，现在一定要弥补失去的时光。
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make up to sb UK disapproving
■to be too friendly to someone or to praise them in order to get advantages 讨好，奉承，巴结（某人）
• Have you seen the disgusting way she makes up to the boss? 你见过她巴结老板的丑态吗？
[meɪk] verb (made, made)
  Phrasal Verbs  make with sth US old-fashioned slang
■to give, bring or do something 给；带着；做
• He pointed a gun and said "Make with the money bags, baby!" 他用枪指着对方说：“把钱袋给我，小子！”
[meɪk] noun countable
■a type of product or the name of the company which made it （产品的）型号；品牌，牌子
• What make is your stereo? 你的音响是甚么品牌的？
[meɪk] noun countable
be on the make disapproving
■to be trying very hard to get more money and power 拚命追逐名利
invent, compose, make, create, design, produce
这组词都有“创造”的意思，其区别是：
invent: 主要用于科技领域，指通过思考、研究或实验制造出新的前所未有、极为有用的东西。
compose: 多指音乐或诗歌、画的创作。
make: 最普通用词，指任何东西的创作或制造。
create: 侧重创造出来的东西以前并不存在，或者指独具特色的创作。
design: 主要指在艺术或技术领域的创作设计，强调构思多于实际制造。
produce: 指产品的生产，或作品创作的完成。
manufacture, fabricate, make, produce
这组词都有“做，制造”的意思，其区别是：
manufacture: 正式用词，一般指用机器大规模地批量生产各种生活或生产用品。
fabricate: 特指按照标准样式制作或把材料或部件组合成一个整体。
make: 普通用词，很常用，含义广，既可指制造具体的东西，也可指完成一种行为。
produce: 普通用词，侧重大量地生产出各种生产用品和生活用品。强调结果。也用于引申。
cause, get, have, make, render
这组词都有“使，使得”的意思，其区别是：
cause: 正式用词，侧重指使某事发生的原因。
get: 侧重指劝某人做某事，或指使某事物处于某种状态或产生某种结果。
have: 普通用词，指让某人做某事。
make: 普通用词，指强迫或劝诱他人做某事。
render: 书面用词，多指因外界因素而使某人或某物处于某种状态。
vt. 使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成；安排；引起；构成
 - earn, acquire, prepare, provide, expect
vi. 开始；前进；增大；被制造
 - proceed, progress, increase
n. 制造；构造； [心理] 性情
 - formation, manufacture, constitution, fabric, machining

Word: wail
Front: wail
[weɪl] (托雅宝 8887/9985 -1)
Vocabulary: wail
(once / 391 pages)
nv
To wail is to let loose a long loud cry. If you're feeling truly miserable, take a deep breath and wail as loudly as possible.
When it comes to expressing unhappiness, wailing lies at the extreme end of the spectrum. So, it's best to save this response for life's most unpleasant moments — unless you're a jazz musician. In jazz terminology, wailing on one's instrument is actually a good thing. What's the connection between an eardrum-shattering expression of misery and a hot jam session? The answer to that question may depend on your personal musical preferences.
WORD FAMILY
wail: wailed, wailer, wailful, wailing, wails+/wailer: wailers/wailful: wailfully/wailing: wailingly, wailings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There the inmates shouted and wailed through the night, he said, and the place was thick with rodents.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When Amarion wailed for hours in the middle of the night, Gwen would stay awake until 4 a.m. with him, often crying just as hard.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
As “Sunset” opens, sirens wail through Los Angeles toward “one of those great big houses in the 10,000 block.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 哭叫，哀号
n. 痛哭，哭声
时态：wailed, wailing, wails
分布：悲叹(47%)，痛哭(38%)，尖叫声(9%)，发出似哭的尖声(6%)
→拟声词。比较woe.
【记】w＝weep，ail（v 得小病）：大哭
verb
intransitive or transitive mainly disapproving
■to make a long, high cry, usually because of pain or sadness 恸哭；号啕大哭
• The women gathered around the coffin and began to wail, as was the custom in the region. 女人们都围到了棺材旁，开始号啕大哭，当地的风俗就是这样。
• [+ speech] "My finger hurts, " wailed the child. “我的手指头很痛，”那个孩子大哭道。
intransitive informal
■to complain loudly or strongly 高声抱怨；大发牢骚
• [+ that] Business people wailed that their trade would be ruined. 生意人都强烈抱怨说他们的买卖会被毁掉的。
[weɪl] noun countable
■a long, high, loud cry, especially because of something unpleasant 恸哭；号啕大哭
• a wail of anguish 痛苦的哀号
• the wail of the police sirens 警笛的尖啸声
vi. 哀号；悲叹
 - moan
n. 哀号；悲叹；恸哭声
 - regret, lamentation

Word: surrogate
Front: surrogate
[ˈsʌrəgət] (宝 8901/14420 -1)
Vocabulary: surrogate
(once / 6949 pages)
nadj
Someone who acts as a surrogate takes the place of another person. If a celebrity leaves her seat to use the restroom in the middle of a big Hollywood awards ceremony, a surrogate will take his or her place until she returns.
Surrogate comes from the Latin word surrogare, which means "to put in another's place," or "to substitute." An uncle might refer to his niece as a surrogate child if they are very close, especially if he doesn't have his own biological children. Since 1978, surrogate has also been used to describe a woman who carries and delivers a baby for another person or couple.
WORD FAMILY
surrogate: surrogates
USAGE EXAMPLES
She completed a substantial pile of medical and legal paperwork, then got the go-ahead to choose a family in need of a surrogate.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He was active in his father’s campaign for president, serving as a campaign surrogate, spokesman and senior aide.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
There are two main problems in Russia’s surrogate alcohol market: first is the widespread consumption of items marked as perfumes or bath tinctures.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 代理，代表; 代用品，代替，代孕者，[心]代用人物; 〈美〉遗嘱检验法庭[法官]
adj. 代理的; 代理的
v. 代理，替代
分布：代理人(53%)，代用品(26%)，替代的(14%)，代孕者(7%)
→来自拉丁语 surrogare,替代，代替，来自 sur-,在下，向上，-rog,要求，词源同 arrogant,prorogue. 引申词义代孕的。
代替品;代理人(sur+rog要求＋ate→要求下面(有人)→代理人)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
代理人,代替品(sur下面+rog要求...要求做下去...代理)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】sur下面，rog问，ate：坐在窗口下面问你的人－代理人读：三肉gate，门上挂了三块肉－代替了买肉的地方。
【参】substitute（n 代用品；代替者；v 代替）
US ['sɝ:-] adjective [before noun]
■replacing someone else or used instead of something else 替代的；代理的
• Because she had no children of her own, her friend's son became a kind of surrogate child to her. 因为她自己没有孩子，所以她就把朋友的儿子当成自己的孩子。
UK ['sʌr.ə.gət] US ['sɝ:-] noun
countable
■something that replaces or is used instead of something else 替代的；代理的
• For some people, reading travel books is a surrogate for actual travel. 对某些人来说，读游记可以替代真正的旅行。
■(also surrogate mother)
■a woman who has a baby for another woman who is unable to become pregnant or have a baby herself 代理孕母
• She has agreed to act as a surrogate mother for her sister. 她已经同意为她姐姐代孕。
n. 代理；代用品；遗嘱检验法官
 - agency, substitute
vt. 代理；指定某人为自己的代理人
 - proctorize, sit in
adj. 代理的；替代的
 - acting, agent, deputy

Word: disadvantaged
Front: disadvantaged
[ˌdɪsədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒd] (8915/8816 -1)
Back: adj. 贫穷的，处于不利地位的; 社会地位低下的
n. 不利条件
vt. 使处于不利地位(disadvantage的过去式和过去分词)
分布：处于不利地位的(49%)，贫困的(44%)，动词disadvantage的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
US [-'væn.tˌɪdʒd] adjective
■not having the standard of living conditions, education, etc. that most people have 处于劣势的，处于不利地位的
• A new educational programme has been set up for economically disadvantaged children. 一个新的面向贫困儿童的教育计划已经设立。
UK [ˌdɪs.əd'vɑ:n.tɪdʒd] US [-'væn.tˌɪdʒd] plural noun
the disadvantaged
■people who do not have good living conditions, a good standard of education, etc., considered as a group 弱势人群，弱势群体
• These measures are intended to help the disadvantaged. 采取这些措施旨在帮助弱势群体。
adj. 贫困的；处于不利地位的；社会地位低下的
 - needy, underprivileged
n. 弱势团体；不利条件
 - drawback, adverse condition

Word: boot
Front: boot
[bu:t] (高研四雅 2347/2176 -K3)
Vocabulary: boot
(once / 158 pages)
1nv 2v 3n
A boot is the kind of shoe that can rise as high as your knee, like riding boots, or just up to your ankle, like silver-studded Beatle boots. To boot means to kick something (with or without the fancy footwear).
Like most fashionable things, the word boot comes from the Old French bote. It used to refer only to riding boots, but now any big ol’ high-rise shoe kind of thing is a boot. Since boots are for feet, when you boot someone, you kick them. If you give someone the boot, you’re kicking him out. A totally different type of booting involves starting up an operating system on a computer.
WORD FAMILY
boot: booted, booting, bootless, boots, reboot +/bootless: bootlessly/ reboot: rebooted, rebooting, reboots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last year, Boots reduced the price of "feminine" razors to bring them in line with male equivalents.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
We were walking across the hillsides when my father scuffed a pebble with his boot.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
On this evidence Robert Snodgrass’ left boot should be among the primary exhibits.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 长靴，皮靴; 防护罩; [多用于英国]行李箱; [俚语]解雇，激动
vt. 穿（靴）; 踢; [俚语]解雇; [计算机科学]引导
vi. 帮助或益处
时态：booted, booting, boots
分布：靴子(44%)，踢(24%)，解雇(22%)，猛踢(6%)，逐出(3%)，穿靴子(1%)
→1.靴子，来自beat , 击，打，踢。
n.靴;(汽车后部的)行李箱;解雇After a shot the foot began to root and shoot in the boot.打了一针后,脚开始在靴子里生根发芽.
noun
SHOE 鞋
 IMPROVER countable
■a type of shoe that covers the whole foot and the lower part of the leg 靴子
• wellington boots 长筒胶靴
• walking boots 轻便靴
• riding boots 马靴
[bu:t] noun
CAR 车
countable UK (US trunk)
■a covered space at the back of a car, for storing things in （汽车后部的）行李箱
[bu:t] noun
END 结束
the boot only singular informal
■when your job is taken away from you, usually because you have done something wrong or badly 解雇，开除（通常指因犯错误或表现差而失去工作）
• She got the boot for stealing money from the till. 她因为从收银机里偷钱而被解雇了。
• Williams has been given the boot from the team. 威廉斯已经被开除出队了。
[bu:t] noun
KICK 踢
countable informal
■a kick with the foot 猛踢，猛踹
• He gave the ball a good boot. 他猛地踢了球一脚。
[bu:t] noun
WHEEL 车轮
countable (also Denver boot) US
■a wheel clamp 车轮固定夹
[bu:t] noun
put the boot in informal
■to kick someone when they are already on the ground （在对方已倒地后）继续踢打
■to make a bad situation worse, by criticizing or being unkind 雪上加霜
• After he lost his job, his wife put the boot in by announcing she was leaving him. 他失去工作后妻子又说要离开他，真是雪上加霜。
[bu:t] noun
the boot / shoe is on the other foot
■the situation is now the opposite of what it was, especially because someone who was weak now has power 情况完全反了过来；此一时，彼一时
[bu:t] noun
to boot old-fashioned
■in addition; also 除此以外，而且，加之
• He's kind, handsome and wealthy to boot. 他善良、英俊，还很富有。
[bu:t] verb
KICK 踢
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to kick someone or something hard with the foot 猛踢，猛踹
• They booted him in the head. 他们猛踢他的头部。
[bu:t] verb
COMPUTER 电脑
intransitive or transitive (also boot up) specialized
■When a computer boots (up), it becomes ready for use by getting the necessary information into its memory, and when you boot (up) a computer, you cause it to do this. （使）（电脑）启动
vt. 引导；踢；解雇；使穿靴
 - aim, kick
n. 靴子；踢；汽车行李箱
 - kick

Word: punitive
Front: punitive
[ˈpju:nətɪv] (8916/12051 -1)
Vocabulary: punitive
(once / 3500 pages)
adj
Punitive describes inflicting a punishment. If someone takes punitive action against you, you'll probably whine and complain — you're in trouble and you're about to get punished.
An easy way to remember the meaning of punitive is that it looks like the word punish — both come from the Latin root word punire, "to inflict a penalty on." Punitive doesn't always refer to a person-to-person punishment, like a mom disciplining a child. It can also describe the unpleasant result of an action on a large scale, like the punitive effect higher taxes will have on the middle class.
WORD FAMILY
punitive: punitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The conditions, Mr. Mo added, “really amounted to punitive measures to punish him, or to break down his will to fight this case.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not a clear-cut case, even when there is a punitive result.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It did not include talk of sanctions or any other punitive measures against Israel.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 处罚的，惩罚性的; 令人受苦的
分布：惩罚的(56%)，刑罚的(44%)
→来自拉丁语punire,惩罚，处罚，纠正，来自 poena,处罚，罚金，词源同pain,penal.-itive,形容词后缀。
US [-tˌɪv] adjective formal
■intended as a punishment 惩罚性的
• punitive action 惩罚措施
• The UN has imposed punitive sanctions on the invading country. 联合国对侵略国实施了惩罚性制裁。
• legal She is suing the newspaper for $5 million punitive damages claiming they knew the article about her was untrue. 她声称这家报纸知道有关她的那篇文章不属实，起诉该报社，要求其支付500万美元的惩罚性损害赔偿。
■used to describe costs which are so high they are difficult to pay, and which are often used to punish someone or limit their activities （费用）过高的，苛刻的，严厉的
• The President has threatened to impose punitive import duties/tariffs on a range of foreign goods. 总统已威胁说要对一批外国货物征收高额进口税。
adj. [法] 惩罚性的；刑罚的
 - penal

Word: storytelling
Front: storytelling
['stɔ:rɪtelɪŋ] (8919/26270)
Back: n. 讲故事; 书; 写小说
分布：讲故事(75%)，说书(25%)
N-UNCOUNT
讲故事;说书;写小说
Storytelling is the activity of telling or writing stories.
例：The programme is 90 minutes of dynamic Indian folk dance, live music and storytelling.该节目为 90 分钟，其中有动感印度民间舞蹈、现场音乐表演和说书。
n. 讲故事；说谎话
 - taletelling
adj. 讲故事的；说谎的
 - lying, falsidical

Word: blender
Front: blender
[ˈblendə(r)] (8894/24963)
Back: n. 掺和器，搅拌机
分布：搅拌器(59%)，果汁机(23%)，混合器(15%)，混合的人(3%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■an electric machine used in the kitchen for breaking down foods or making smooth liquid substances from soft foods and liquids 搅拌机
n. （美）搅拌机；掺和者；混合物
 - mixture, hybrid, mix, compound

Word: helper
Front: helper
[ˈhelpə(r)] (托 8933/6980 -1)
Back: n. 助手，帮手; 起救助作用的东西
分布：助手(69%)，帮手(31%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who helps with an activity 帮手，帮忙者
• The teachers make great use of volunteer helpers. 教师们充分利用志愿者做帮手。
n. 助手，帮手
 - friend, assistant, aid, mate

Word: yearly
Front: yearly
[ˈjɪəli] (研四六 8913/11140 -1)
Back: adj. 每年的，一年一度的; 一年间的
adv. 每年，一年一度; 在那一年间
n. 年利; 年鉴
分布：每年的(92%)，一年一次地(4%)，每年地(4%)
a.每年的,一年一度的ad.每年,一年一次地We pay a yearly visit to my uncle.我们每年都要看望我的叔叔.
US ['jɪr-] adjective adverb
■every year or once every year 每年（的）；一年一次（的）
• We get a yearly pay increase. 我们每年加薪一次。
• Interest is paid yearly. 利息按年支付。
adj. 每年的
 - annual, etesian
adv. 每年；一年一次
 - annually
n. 年刊；年鉴
 - annual, year book

Word: misconduct
Front: misconduct
[ˌmɪsˈkɒndʌkt] (8926/12281 -1)
Vocabulary: misconduct
(once / 2101 pages)
nv
Misconduct is any kind of bad, unethical, or illegal activity. When there's misconduct, someone is doing something wrong.
Since conduct is behavior, misconduct is behavior that's not quite right: some kind of shady or criminal conduct. If an accountant cooked the books — lied about finances — that's misconduct. A police officer taking a bribe is guilty of misconduct. Often, misconduct specifically refers to someone who does improper things on behalf of someone else, like the misconduct of a dishonest lawyer.
WORD FAMILY
misconduct: misconducted, misconducting, misconducts+/ conduct: conducted, conducting, conduction, conductive, conductor, conducts, misconduct /conducting: non-conducting, nonconducting, semiconducting/ conduction: conductions/conductive: conductively, conductivity, nonconductive, semiconductive/conductivity: conductivities, superconductivity/ conductor: conductors, nonconductor, semiconductor/nonconductor: nonconductors/semiconductor: semiconductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Tsang pleaded not guilty to three charges of bribery and misconduct, relating to a luxury flat in China.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
DeAngelo was assessed a game misconduct for abuse of officials.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Last year, the precinct drew the second-highest number of civilian complaints for officer misconduct in the city, and the most lawsuits stemming from police actions.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 行为不正，不规矩; 处理不当; （尤指官吏等的）胡作非为，渎职
v. 处理…失当; 不规矩
时态：misconducted, misconducting, misconducts
分布：管理或处理不善(100%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，conduct,行为，举止。
US [-ˈkɑːn-]
BEHAVIOUR 行为
■unacceptable or bad behaviour by someone in a position of authority or responsibility 不当行为；失职；滥用职权
• The psychiatrist was found guilty of gross (= unacceptable) professional misconduct. 这个精神病医生被裁定为严重失职。
• The former priest denied allegations of sexual misconduct. 这位前牧师否认有不正当性行为的指控。
noun uncountable UK [ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt] US [-ˈkɑːn-]
BAD MANAGEMENT 管理不善
■when the activities of an organisation are badly managed 管理不善
• financial misconduct 财务管理不善
verb transitive /ˌmɪs.kənˈdʌkt/
■to manage the activities of an organization badly 对…管理不善，对…处理不当
• The aid programme was misconducted, resulting in large quantities of food failing to reach the famine victims. 援助计划管理不善，导致大量食物未能送达饥民。
n. 不端行为；处理不当
 - improper handling

Word: shepherd
Front: shepherd
[ˈʃepəd] (研四六托雅 8911/6385 -2)
Vocabulary: shepherd
(once / 268 pages)
nv
A shepherd is a person who herds flocks or groups of animals. If you traveled to Tibet, you might see a yak shepherd.
Shepherd comes from the Old English sceaphierde: sheepherder. Such a person protects sheep from animals that would attack them, keeps them from wandering, and otherwise takes care of the flock. The word is also a verb that describes care of a group — sheep, other animals, even people. You might shepherd your herd of goats, or shepherd your younger siblings through the transition from elementary to middle school.
WORD FAMILY
shepherd: shepherded, shepherding, shepherds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deann Shepherd of the Humane Society of Utah says current law already requires shelter, but fails to define what that means.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When Schmidt returned to the park at midday on Thursday, one sheep was missing from the manger scene and another from the shepherd scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Oh, I would like that very much,” she said and then fell about laughing when we told her it was called shepherd’s pie.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 牧羊人，羊倌; 牧师; 指导者
vt. 带领，引导; 牧（羊），放牧; 照看
时态：shepherded, shepherding, shepherds
分布：牧羊(89%)，牧师(4%)，照看(3%)，指导者(2%)，引领(1%)，牧羊者(1%)
→来自 sheep,羊，herd,牧群，牧羊人。
n.牧民,牧羊人The bead is put on the forehead of the dead shepherd ahead of the herd.珠子被戴在牧群前面的死牧羊人的前额上.
US [-ɚd] noun countable
■a person whose job is to take care of sheep and move them from one place to another 牧羊人
• a shepherd boy 牧羊童
UK ['ʃep.əd] US [-ɚd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
PEOPLE 人
■to make a group of people move to where you want them to go, especially in a kind, helpful and careful way 带领，引导
• He shepherded the old people towards the dining room. 他把老人们带到餐厅。
UK ['ʃep.əd] US [-ɚd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
SHEEP 羊
■to move sheep from one place to another 牧羊人
• The dogs shepherded the sheep into the pens. 狗把羊赶进了羊圈。
vt. 牧羊；带领；指导；看管
 - guide, coach, supervise
n. 牧羊人；牧师；指导者
 - minister, priest

Word: scissors
Front: scissors
[ˈsɪzəz] (高研四六托雅 8906/8705 -K1)
Back: n. 剪刀; 两腿前后错跃
v. 剪开( scissor的第三人称单数); 作剪式移动（尤指腿）
分布：剪刀(100%)
→来自古法语 cisoires,剪刀，来自拉丁语 cisorium,切割工具，过去分词名词格于 caedere,剪， 切，来自 skhai,剪，切，来自 sek,切，砍，词源同 segment,scythe.拼写受同源拉丁 词干 sciss-影响俗化，如 rescission,剪除，废除，取消。
n.剪子The dismissed Swiss miss kissed the once missing missile and scissors.被解雇的瑞士小妞吻了一度失踪的导弹和剪刀.
US [-ɚz] plural noun
 ADVANCED
■a device used for cutting materials such as paper, cloth and hair, consisting of two sharp blades which are joined in the middle, and two handles with holes to put your fingers through 剪刀
• a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
• Could you pass me the/those scissors, please. 请你把那把剪刀递给我，好吗？
UK ['sɪz.əz] US [-ɚz] plural noun
scissors and paste mainly disapproving
■If something such as a piece of writing is a scissors and paste job, it is not original, but is made up from parts of other people's work. （作品等）东拼西凑的
n. [五金] 剪刀；剪式跳法
 - forfex, cutting tools

Word: elder
Front: elder
[ˈeldə(r)] (中高研四雅 4056/5602 -2)
Vocabulary: elder
(once / 155 pages)
1nadj 2n 3n
An elder is any person who is older than you, which you may know from your sister who is only two years older than you saying, "Listen to your elders!" A church elder is someone who helps run the church, not necessarily its eldest member.
Elder can be used as an adjective: Abel was the elder brother of Cain. Elder can also be a noun: showing respect for one’s elders is a value instilled from a young age by our parents. Elder is also a kind of tree. In Act Five of “Love’s Labour Lost” Shakespeare plays with the meanings of elder: Holofernes says that Berowne should speak first because he is the elder (older), which inspires Berowne to mention the folklore that Judas was hanged on an elder tree.
WORD FAMILY
elder: elders, eldership+/eldership: elderships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The elder Word predicts the transition will be smooth.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Soon afterward, father and son were separated once more, when the elder Wong moved to Los Angeles to seek work.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Crow even met with Amish elders to weigh the effect of John’s decision when he faced his community.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 长者; 长辈; 元老; 比…年长的人
adj. 年纪较大的; 资格老的; 老练的
分布：年长的(39%)，长者(28%)，长辈(26%)，年龄较大的(7%)
→来自old的比照级。
a.年长的,资格老的n.长辈Henry is my elder brother; he is two years older than I.亨利是我的哥哥;他比我大两岁.
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■an older person, especially one with a respected position in society （尤指在社会上地位高、受人尊敬的）长者，长辈，老年人
• You should listen to the advice of your elders. 你应该听长辈的建议。
• They consulted the village elders. 他们向村里的长辈们咨询了意见。
• formal She is my elder by three years (= three years older than me). 她比我年长三岁。
■an official of a religious group （教会中的）长老
• a church elder 教会长老
■* elderberry
UK ['el.dər] US [-dɚ] adjective
elder sister/brother/son/daughter
 ADVANCED
■a sister/brother/son/daughter who is older than the other sister(s), brother(s), etc.
■the elder
 ADVANCED
■the older person of two people （两人中的）年长者
• Of the two brothers Harvey is the elder. 两兄弟中哈维是哥哥。
 ADVANCED
■used after someone's name to show that they are the older of two people who have the same name, especially a father and son （用于人名后表示两个同名者、尤指两父子中的父亲）大，老
• William Pitt the elder 老威廉‧彼特
UK ['el.dər] US [-dɚ] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  elder or elderly? Warning: choose the right adjective! To refer politely to a person who is old, don't say 'elder', say elderly :
✗ Loneliness is a big problem for elder people. Loneliness is a big problem for elderly people.
elder, older
这组词都有“年长的，年龄较大的”的意思，其区别是：
elder: 是old的比较级。指家庭成员中年龄较长的，或指两人中年龄较长的。
older: 也是old的比较级，指年龄较大、较老，指物时作“较旧的”解。
n. 老人；长辈；年长者；父辈
 - better, ancient
adj. 年长的；年龄较大的；资格老的
 - older, senior, advancing

Word: anecdote
Front: anecdote
[ˈænɪkdəʊt] (高研托雅宝 8925/9719 -1)
Vocabulary: anecdote
(once / 484 pages)
n
A short, amusing true story is an anecdote. You might come back from a crazy spring break with a lot of anecdotes to tell.
The roots of anecdote lie in the Greek word anekdota, meaning "unpublished." The word's original sense in English was "secret or private stories" — tales not fit for print, so to speak. It can still have connotations of unreliability, as in the phrase "anecdotal information." But the most common sense today is that of "a funny story about something that happened."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
anecdote / antidote
An anecdote is a funny little story; an antidote counteracts poison. Tell someone an anecdote about your close encounter with a rattlesnake and how the cute park ranger had to get you the antidote for snake venom right away.
An anecdote is a story someone tells about themselves or people they know. It's often short and unreliable. That rattlesnake encounter? Well, maybe you embellished a bit — you saw a rattlesnake, but it didn't bite you. Anecdotes can be true or false; they're revealing little tales:
All the little anecdotes I had heard of him pleased me very much. (Miranda Eliot Swan)
The pages are thick with freaky anecdotes: One patient suffers permanent brain damage after an anesthesiologist causes him to nearly suffocate. (Washington Post)
Mr. Smith offered only anecdotes to back his beliefs. (New York Times)
An antidote cures what ails you. It's an actual counteragent to a poison, like snake venom. It's what you need if your wife tries to kill you, like poor Wang below, or when you just need to turn that frown upside down:
Then he told the physician there was only one way to save Wang's life — an antidote called Prussian Blue.  (Daily Mail.uk)
Forced blossoms are an antidote to the gloomy winter months (Digthedirt.com)
An anecdote is a memoir sound bite, a little story. They're fun, but they don't change your destiny. But antidote, is anti-poison, so dote on situations that require antidotes — your life may be on the line.
WORD FAMILY
anecdote: anecdotal, anecdotes, anecdotic, anecdotical, anecdotist+/ anecdotal: anecdotally/anecdotic: anecdotically/anecdotist: anecdotists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shore giggled at the anecdote and said Michaels still quotes his father’s phrase as a sign-off from phone calls.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Maybe no other anecdote is more telling than her response when asked whether she would be interested in coaching the Tennessee men’s team.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The anecdote sparked a brief media frenzy as gossip writers and others sought to track down Sasha's Snapchat account, but to no avail.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 趣闻，轶事; [复数]秘史
分布：轶事(72%)，奇闻(28%)
→前缀an-, 没有。前缀ec-,同ex-, 向外。词根don，给予，见donate, 捐赠，过去分词dot.anecdote 轶事；奇闻；秘史
短故事;轶事(anec未出版+dote_说出来的未出版的故事)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
轶事;短故事(an不+ec出+dote→not published→没出版的小故事)[dot=give(给)]
n.轶事,趣闻,短故事There are many anecdotes about George Bush.有很多关于布什的有趣的故事.
【记】1）dote vi 溺爱－读：逗她。讲故事哄他开心。2）读：该你逗她。逗女孩儿开心是有技巧的，别老讲那些庸俗的笑话，你可以讲一些酷似真实的故事，不能太长，千万别考验女人的耐心，讲一个又短、又搞笑的故事将达到事半功倍的效果－这种故事又名轶事。
US [-doʊt] noun countable
■a short often funny story, especially about something someone has done （尤指关于某人的）趣闻，轶事
• He told one or two amusing anecdotes about his years as a policeman. 他讲了一两件他当员警时发生的趣事。
n. 轶事；奇闻；秘史
 - ana

Word: sophistication
Front: sophistication
[səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn] (托宝 8920/8479 -1)
Vocabulary: sophistication
(once / 5513 pages)
n
Sophistication is the quality that belongs to a person who appears wise and glamorous. Sipping tea and appreciating opera are both stereotypical signs of sophistication.
The noun sophistication can also be used in a slightly different way, to describe a deep understanding, or an almost enlightened state. Before the 1800s, sophistication meant "the use of sophistry," or using mistaken or deceitful arguments, although the root word for both sophistication and "sophistry" is the Greek sophistes, or "wise man."
WORD FAMILY
sophistication: sophistications+/ sophisticate: sophisticated, sophisticates, sophisticating, sophistication / sophisticated: sophisticatedly, unsophisticated
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The level of sophistication is an order of magnitude greater” in Mosul than in some past conflicts, said Army Brig.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It was a level of wit and sophistication one expects to find in a Middle School humor magazine.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Like earlier painters who were inspired by “primitive” art, Smith imbues simple motifs with sophistication.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 老练，精明; 强词夺理，诡辩; 伪品，掺杂品; 有教养
分布：复杂(75%)，诡辩(8%)，老练(7%)，精密(5%)，精明(2%)，有教养(2%)，强词夺理(1%)
→sophisticated,复杂的，精密的，-ion,名词后缀。
【反】callow（adj 年轻无经验的）－behaving with adult sophistication；unsophisticated（adj 不懂世故的）－politic（adj 策略性的）bucolic（adj 乡下的；田园风味的）
noun uncountable
■the quality of being sophisticated 世故，老练；精密化
• Her sophistication is evident from the way she dresses. 从衣着打扮明显可以看出她精明老练。
• The sophistication of computers is increasing. 电脑的精密程度越来越高。
n. 复杂；诡辩；老于世故；有教养
 - complexity, intricacy

Word: token
Front: token
[ˈtəʊkən] (研六雅 8924/6352 -2)
Vocabulary: token
(once / 402 pages)
1nadj 2n
When you give someone a flower or a friendship bracelet or something symbolic of the way you feel about them, you're giving them a token of your affection.
A token is not only something sentimental (like a keepsake) or symbolic (like your friendship bracelet). You, yourself, can also be a token: If you're the only female in your office, for instance, and you were hired just so there'd be at least one woman, then you're the "token female." Tokens can also be a kind of special currency, like the coins you use in slot machines. Before the Metro Card, New York City subway riders paid their fares with tokens.
WORD FAMILY
token: tokenish, tokens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bitcoin is a system of digitally created and traded tokens and people keep their tokens in online wallets.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
By the same token, it’s hard for a Chinese restaurant to distinguish itself when there’s a seemingly passable iteration on every Manhattan block.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
At least half-a-dozen bank officials shared responsibility for safekeeping of the token, he said.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 代币; 象征; 记号
adj. 作为对某事的保证的; 象征性的; 作为标志的
vt. 预兆：预示或象征，预兆
分布：象征(47%)，象征性的(17%)，标志(11%)，纪念品(10%)，代币(9%)，代价券(3%)，装样子的(3%)
→来自古英语 tacen,符号，象征，证据，来自 Proto-Germanic*taiknam,符号，标志，来自 teik, 显示，展示，词源同 teach,digit,toe.引申诸相关词义。
n.表示;标志;记号;代用硬币a.象征性的Black is a token of mourning.黑色是居丧的表征.
US ['toʊ-] noun countable
SYMBOL 标志
■a thing that you give or an action that you take which expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect 标志；表示；象征
• As a token of our gratitude for all that you have done, we would like you to accept this small gift. 为了表示我们对你们所做的一切的感谢，希望你们接受我们这份小小的礼物。
• It doesn't have to be a big present - it's just a token. 礼物不必大——只是为了表示一下。
UK ['təʊ.kən] US ['toʊ-] noun countable
PAPER WORTH MONEY 代金券 UK (US gift certificate)
■a piece of paper with a particular amount of money printed on it which can be exchanged in a shop for goods of that value 礼券，代金券
• a £20 book/gift/record token 一张价值20英镑的书券／礼券／唱片券
UK ['təʊ.kən] US ['toʊ-] noun countable
DISC 圆片
■a round metal or plastic disc which is used instead of money in some machines （某些机器中用以代替纸币的）代币，专用辅币
UK ['təʊ.kən] US ['toʊ-] adjective [before noun]
■used to describe actions which are done to show that you are doing something, even though the results are limited in their effect 有标志性的；有象征意义的
• The troops in front of us either surrendered or offered only token (= not much) resistance. 我们前面的军队要么投降，要么只作象征性的抵抗。
• They were the only country to argue for even token recognition of the Baltic states' independence. 他们国家是唯一为波罗的海沿岸国家争取哪怕是象征性承认的国家。
■disapproving
■describes something which is done to prevent other people complaining, although it is not sincerely meant and has no real effect 装点门面的；装样子的
• The truth is that they appoint no more than a token number of women to managerial jobs. 事实上他们只装装样子，任命了一些女性担任管理工作。
sign, emblem, symbol, token, attribute, mark, signal, badge
这组词都有“标志、象征、符号”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
emblem: 指选定象征一个国家、民族或家庭等的图案或实物。
symbol: 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
token: 语气庄重，指礼品、纪念物等作为表示友谊、爱情等的象征或标志。
attribute: 指人或物及其地位、属性的象征。
mark: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的特征。
signal: 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
badge: 一般指金属证章或写有姓名的带状标志物。
n. 表征；代币；记号
 - marks, sign
adj. 象征的；表意的；作为对某事的保证的
 - symbolic, emblematic
vt. 象征；代表
 - indicate, image, figure

Word: admittedly
Front: admittedly
[ədˈmɪtɪdli] (托 8927/6846 -1)
Back: adv. 公认地
分布：公认地(86%)，不可否认的(14%)
US [-'mɪtˌ-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■used when you are agreeing that something is true, especially unwillingly （尤用于不情愿地承认某事时）诚然，无可否认
• Admittedly, I could have tried harder but I still don't think all this criticism is fair. 不可否认，我本来可以再努力些。尽管如此，我认为这些批评也并非完全公道。
adv. 公认地；无可否认地；明白地
 - allowedly, acknowledgedly

Word: co-op
Front: co-op
[ˈkəuɔp,kəuˈɔp] None
Back: n. <俚>消费合作社; 合作公寓; 屋主没有产权; 合作公寓是美国城市中低收入居民最主要的居住方式
分布：=cooperative(100%)
N-COUNT
合作社;合作性机构
A co-op is a co-operative.
例：The co-op sells the art work at exhibitions.这家合作社在展览会上销售艺术品。
n. 合作社（cooperative society）；消费合作社
 - cooperative society, artel

Word: negotiating
Front: negotiating
[nɪ'ɡəʊʃɪeɪtɪŋ] (8921/8915)
Back: n. 谈判
v. 谈判，协商，议定( negotiate的现在分词 ); 兑现（支票等）; 通过，越过（险要路段）
分布：谈判(99%)，动词negotiate的现在分词.(1%)
V-RECIP
谈判;协商;洽谈
If people negotiate with each other or negotiate an agreement, they talk about a problem or a situation such as a business arrangement in order to solve the problem or complete the arrangement.
例：It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the democrats...还不清楚总统是否愿意和民主人士洽谈。
例：When you have two adversaries negotiating, you need to be on neutral territory...让敌对双方坐下来谈判时，你得保持中立。
VERB
顺利通过;成功越过
If you negotiate an area of land, a place, or an obstacle, you successfully travel across it or around it.
例：Frank Mariano negotiates the desert terrain in his battered pickup...弗兰克·马里亚诺驾驶他那辆破烂不堪的皮卡车成功穿越了沙漠地带。
例：I negotiated the corner on my motorbike and pulled to a stop...我骑摩托车顺利通过拐角，然后停了下来。
n. 谈判
 - treaty, imparlance

Word: boom
Front: boom
[bu:m] (高研托雅宝 3171/3920 -3)
Vocabulary: boom
(once / 292 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A boom is a very loud, deep sound that echoes. The distant boom of fireworks might spook your nervous dog.
Guns, thunder, drums, deep voices — all of these are capable of a pretty loud boom. When they make the sound, you can also say that they boom: "I saw the flash of lightning and got ready for the thunder to boom." Another kind of boom is a prosperous period, like an oil boom or an economic boom. The long pole that holds a microphone or the sail on a boat is yet another type of boom.
WORD FAMILY
boom: boomed, boomer, booming, booms+/boomer: boomers/booming: boomingest, boomingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But she seemed to find some form and confidence in the third game which included a booming winner from a crosscourt forehand.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Choice period detail: A story about the boom in skiing attributes the sport’s popularity to innovations in “metal skis and stretch pants.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Wearable tech, although still in its infancy, is booming, and companies are hunting for advancements.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出隆隆声; 快速发展; 暴涨
vt. 以低沉而有回响的声音发出; 使繁荣; 使迅速发展
n. 隆隆声; 繁荣; 激增
时态：boomed, booming, booms
分布：繁荣(79%)，激增(6%)，兴旺(4%)，吊杆(4%)，促进(1%)，尾桁(1%)，帆杠(1%)，支臂(1%)，水栅(1%)，使兴旺(1%)，发出低沉声(1%)
→拟声词。
v.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声Business is booming.商业正日趋繁荣.
【记】读音是一种噪音的象声词
noun
SOUND 声音
countable
■a deep and loud hollow sound 低沉有回响的声音；隆隆声
[bu:m] noun
PERIOD OF GROWTH 增长期
countable or uncountable
■a period of sudden economic growth, especially one that results in a lot of money being made （经济上的）繁荣，迅速发展
• This year has seen a boom in book sales. 今年图书销售激增。
• The insurance business suffered from a vicious cycle of boom and bust. 保险业经历了繁荣和萧条的恶性循环。
• the property boom 房地产业的繁荣
[bu:m] noun
BOAT 船
countable specialized
■(on a boat) a long pole that moves and that has a sail fastened to it 帆桁；张帆杆
[bu:m] noun
FILMING 拍摄
countable
■a long pole with a microphone on one end, used in television or film-making, which is held above the actors so that it records their voices but cannot be seen by the viewers （电视或电影制作中的）话筒吊杆
[bu:m] verb
MAKE A SOUND 发声
intransitive or transitive
■to make a very deep and loud hollow sound 发出低沉有力的声音；发出隆隆声，轰鸣
• The cannons boomed (out) in the night. 大炮在晚上隆隆作响。
• He boomed (out) an order to the soldiers. 他低沉有力地向士兵们发出命令。
[bu:m] verb
GROW 发展
intransitive
■to increase or become successful and produce a lot of money very quickly 繁荣，迅速发展
• OFTEN in continuous tenses The leisure industry is booming. 休闲产业正在蓬勃发展。
n. 繁荣； [机] 吊杆；隆隆声
 - prosperity, up, speed

Word: soybean
Front: soybean
['sɔɪbi:n] (托 8928/44433)
Back: n. 大豆，黄豆
分布：大豆(97%)，黄豆(3%)
N-COUNT
同 soya bean
Soybeans are the same as soya beans .
n. [作物] 大豆；黄豆
 - soja, soya beans

Word: dismissal
Front: dismissal
[dɪsˈmɪsl] (8931/3990)
Vocabulary: dismissal
(once / 1191 pages)
n
The act of sending someone away or firing them is dismissal. Your friend's dismissal from the pizza place where he kept dropping the dough on the floor means he's looking for a new job — preferably not in food service.
When a school bell rings at the end of the day, signaling that students can leave, that's one kind of dismissal. Bad news from a boss that the company is laying you off is also a dismissal, and when a judge rules that a trial is over and the case has been dropped, it's yet another kind of dismissal. The word comes from dismiss, "send away," from the Latin root dimittere, "send different ways" or "break up."
WORD FAMILY
dismissal: dismissals+/ dismiss: dismissal, dismissed, dismisses, dismissible, dismissing, dismission, dismissive /dismission: dismissions/ dismissive: dismissively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most cases in the district courts end in plea bargains, settlements or pretrial dismissals.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Such increasingly common dismissals of spiritual existence trickle into popular thought and even into everyday language.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The dismissals are common as one administration succeeds another.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 解雇，免职; 撤退; 解雇通知; [法]驳回，拒绝受理
分布：解雇(82%)，免职(16%)，不予理会(1%)，摒弃(1%)
解雇(dismiss解雇)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
noun
END JOB 解雇
countable or uncountable
■when an employer officially makes someone leave their job 解雇，解聘
• unfair/wrongful dismissal 不公正／错误的解雇
[dɪ'smɪs.əl] noun
FORGET 忽视
uncountable
■a decision that someone or something is not important 把某人或某物视作不重要的决定
n. [劳经] 解雇；免职
 - removal, discharge

Word: autograph
Front: autograph
[ˈɔ:təgrɑ:f] (8940/14988 -1)
Vocabulary: autograph
(once / 1612 pages)
nv
If you sign your name on something, you autograph it. You have to autograph a check before it can be cashed.
An autograph is a signature. Famous people are asked for their autographs all the time, but you might be surprised and flattered if a little girl asked for yours after you played Dorothy in your community theater production of "The Wizard of Oz." An original manuscript or musical composition written in the handwriting of the author or composer is also called an autograph. In 1938, the Museum of Modern Art displayed an autograph of Mark Twain's "Tom Sawyer."
WORD FAMILY
autograph: autographed, autographing, autographs
USAGE EXAMPLES
These days Miss Cartwright spends some of her time doing sci-fi autograph conventions, where she meets fans from around the world.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
David Telles of Franklin will steal so many bases during the baseball season that Maury Wills will stop by to get his autograph.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But I’ve seen that where people get tats of someone’s autograph.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 亲笔签名; 亲笔稿; 手稿; 真迹石版复制品
vt. 在…上亲笔签名; 亲笔书写; 亲笔签字; 用石版术复制
adj. 亲笔的; 自署的
时态：autographed, autographing, autographs
分布：亲笔签名(80%)，亲笔签名于(12%)，亲笔书写(8%)
亲笔字(auto自己+graph→自己写的字→亲笔字)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
US ['ɑ:.tˌə.græf] noun countable
■a signature (= your name written by yourself) of a famous person （名人的）亲笔签名
• Did you get his autograph? 你得到他的亲笔签名吗？
UK ['ɔ:.tə.grɑ:f] US ['ɑ:.tˌə.græf] verb transitive
■to write your signature (= your name written by yourself) on something for someone else to keep 在…上亲笔签名
• I got her to autograph my T-shirt. 我请她在我的T恤上签名。
• She gave me an autographed photograph of herself. 她给我一张有她亲笔签名的相片。
n. 亲笔， [图情] 手稿； [法] 亲笔签名
 - scripture, manuscript

Word: plywood
Front: plywood
[ˈplaɪwʊd] (8934/15602 -1)
Vocabulary: plywood
(once / 12641 pages)
n
Plywood is a building material that's made from layers of wood that are glued together. This construction means that plywood is very strong and resistant to chipping or warping.
There are many kinds of plywood, and even more ways to use it. Plywood made from soft woods is used for sub-flooring in new homes and packaging of various kinds. Harder plywood can be made into furniture, walls, cabinets, stereo speakers, and sports equipment. The layers (or plies) in a piece of plywood are glued together with the grain direction alternating, which makes it sturdy even when it's thin.
WORD FAMILY
plywood: plywoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jersey City officials say the man was sent drifting into the river on an 8-foot-long piece of plywood.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Unpainted plywood was a staple of his work, along with Plexiglas and metals like anodized aluminum.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The stage is small and its plywood foundation is visible to audiences.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 胶合板，合板，夹板
分布：合板(86%)，夹板(14%)
→ply,层，wood,木头，木板。
胶合板(ply+wood木材→木材重叠→胶合板)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
noun uncountable
■wood that consists of several thin layers of wood stuck together 合板；三夹板
• a box made of plywood 合板做的盒子
• a cheap plywood door 廉价的三夹板门
n. 夹板， [木] 胶合板
 - assula, glued board

Word: apparel
Front: apparel
[əˈpærəl] (托宝 8945/22950 -1)
Vocabulary: apparel
(once / 847 pages)
nv
Apparel is just another word for what you wear. Hopefully the apparel you wear to work — suits and heels — is very different from the apparel you wear on the weekends — pajama pants and bunny slippers.
The noun apparel got its start from the Latin apparare, meaning to “prepare, make ready,” or ad-particulare, meaning “to put things together.” In the mid 13th century it evolved into a verb meaning “to equip.” It wasn’t until the next century that people began to use apparel as both a verb meaning “to attire” and as a noun meaning garments or clothing. Said 17th century British writer Thomas Fuller, “…Apparel shapes: but it's money that finishes the man.”
WORD FAMILY
apparel: appareled, appareling, apparelled, apparelling, apparels+/appareled: unappareled
USAGE EXAMPLES
The choir in the 300 level loft is robed in matching apparel.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Such pageantry is the fruit of a new apparel contract, worth about $170 million, between the university and Nike.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Anyway, if tariffs target apparel imports from China, imports will surge from other low-wage developing nations.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （商店出售的）衣服; 外观，外表; 覆盖物
vt. 给…穿衣服（尤指华丽或特殊的服装）
时态：apparelled, appareled, appareling, apparels
分布：衣服(75%)，装饰(21%)，装具(2%)，使 ... 穿衣(2%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. 词根par, 准备，见prepare. 服装属重要装备，比较accouterments.
【记】1）appar出现－出现在身上－衣服；参考：apparent（明显的）2）appare读：我怕热－所以要穿盛装
noun uncountable mainly US clothes of a particular type when they are being sold in a shop （商店出售的某一种类的）衣服，服装
• sports apparel 运动服装
old use or formal
■clothes 衣服，服装
n. 服装； [服装] 衣服
 - clothes, garment, array, wear, thread
vt. 给…穿衣
 - dress, clothe

Word: tense
Front: tense
[tens] (高研四六托 6263/5962 -2)
Vocabulary: tense
(once / 242 pages)
1adjv 2n
When something's stretched tight, it's tense. A rope can be tense. So can a muscle. When a person's tense, they're anxious.
When a situation is tense, you might say you could "cut the tension with a knife." When a muscle tenses up, it contracts suddenly–-a person can be said to tense up also. The opposite of tense is "relaxed." If you tense up during exams, it's probably best to learn some relaxation techniques. The brain works best when it's relaxed.
WORD FAMILY
tense: tensed, tensely, tenseness, tenser, tenses, tensest, tensing, tension, tensity, tensor+/tenseness: tensenesses/ tension: tensional, tensionless, tensions/tensity: tensities/tensor: tensors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compositions like the tense “Spinning The Wheel” exhibited Michael’s newfound influences.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
The atmosphere in the courtroom was tense that day.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
In the tense months before and after their deaths, Lisa Monaco, the senior counterterrorism adviser to the president, was meeting with the grief-stricken families.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 拉紧的; 肌肉绷紧的; 神经紧张的; [语]（语音）紧的
n. [语]时，时态; 〈古〉时间
v. 使或变的紧张
时态：tensed, tensing, tenses
分布：紧张的(82%)，绷紧的(6%)，拉紧的(6%)，拉紧(5%)，使紧绷(1%)
→ten-,拉长，伸长，-s,过去分格词。即拉紧的，引申词义紧张的。
n.时态v.拉紧,(使)紧张a.绷紧的,紧张的The immense expense in condensing the steam made me tense.凝结蒸汽的巨大开支使我感到紧张.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■any of the forms of a verb which show the time at which an action happened （动词的）时态
• 'I sing' is in the present tense and 'I will sing' is in the future tense. I sing 是现在式，I will sing 是将来式。
[tents] adjective
NERVOUS 紧张的
 ADVANCED
■nervous and worried and unable to relax 紧张的，焦虑的
• She was very tense as she waited for the interview. 她等待面试时非常紧张。
 ADVANCED
■If a situation is tense, it causes feelings of worry or nervousness （局势）令人紧张的
• There were some tense moments in the second half of the game. 比赛下半场有几次紧张的局面。
[tents] adjective
STRETCHED 拉紧的
■(of your body or part of the body) stretched tight and stiff （身体或肌肉）僵直的，绷紧的
[tents] verb intransitive or transitive (also tense up)
■If you or your muscles tense, your muscles become stiff and tight because you are frightened or nervous, or are preparing yourself to do something （使）（身体或肌肉）绷紧，（使）变得僵直
• Don't tense your shoulders, just relax. 别缩紧肩膀，放松点。
• I could feel myself tense up as he touched my neck. 他摸我脖子时，我能感觉到自己的身体绷紧了。
tensed up
■very nervous and worried and unable to relax because of something that is going to happen 紧张的，焦虑的
• You seem very tensed up. Are you still waiting for that call? 你好像很紧张。你还在等那个电话吗？
adj. 紧张的；拉紧的
 - intense, stressed
vt. 变得紧张；使拉紧
 - get nervous
vi. 拉紧，变得紧张
 - strain, get nervous

Word: contentious
Front: contentious
[kənˈtenʃəs] (宝 8932/8879 -1)
Vocabulary: contentious
(once / 3468 pages)
adj
A contentious issue is one that people are likely to argue about, and a contentious person is someone who likes to argue or fight.
Some issues — like abortion, the death penalty, and gun control — are very controversial. They're also contentious, because people tend to argue about them, and the arguments will probably go on forever. Contentious issues get people angry and in a fighting mood. On the other hand, some people always seem to be in a fighting mood, no matter what the issue is. People like that are contentious too.
WORD FAMILY
contentious: contentiously, contentiousness, noncontentious+/ contend: contended, contender, contending, contends, contention / contender: contenders/ contention: contentions, contentious
USAGE EXAMPLES
His contentious Twitter posts belie his relative calm when he is at Mar-a-Lago compared with when he is isolated inside Trump Tower.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s the third category of “settlement” that is the most contentious and that Security Council Resolution 2334 explicitly condemns: East Jerusalem.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
At a contentious NFL owners meeting in Houston, Davis finished third in the sweepstakes to get a team to Los Angeles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 引起争论的，有争论的; 爱争论的; 爱议论的; 矫情
分布：有争议的(85%)，好争吵的(11%)，好辩的(4%)
【反】conciliatory（adj 抚慰的）
adjective
■causing or likely to cause disagreement 有争议的；引起争论的；可能引发争议的
• a contentious decision/policy/issue/subject 有争议的决定／政策／问题／话题
• She has some rather contentious views on education. 她对教育持有一些颇具争议的看法。
adj. 诉讼的；有异议的，引起争论的；爱争论的
 - objectionable, litigant

Word: accomplished
Front: accomplished
[əˈkʌmplɪʃt] (托宝 8941/11383 -2)
Vocabulary: accomplished
(once / 160 pages)
adj
The adjective accomplished is useful for describing someone who's very good at something. You might use it to talk about yourself if you are an accomplished — or highly skilled — sword swallower.
An accomplished ice skater is someone who can do one of those fancy twirls on the ice, and an accomplished cupcake baker is someone you want to be friends with. Another way to use the word accomplished is to mean "successfully completed or finished." You might say, "I accomplished my goal of climbing the highest mountain east of the Mississippi River." Next up: Everest.
WORD FAMILY
accomplish: accomplishable, accomplished, accomplishes, accomplishing, accomplishment +/ accomplishment: accomplishments, nonaccomplishment
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reviewing the premiere in Philadelphia last fall, Zachary Woolfe of The New York Times called it an “ambitious, accomplished, dramatically direct opera.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The king is an accomplished linguist who speaks English, French and Czech.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Otherwise, the Ravens got nothing accomplished in their final game of the 2016 season.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 才华高的; 技艺高超的; 熟练的
分布：完成的(69%)，有造诣的(12%)，有成就的(9%)，有教养的(5%)，娴熟的(3%)，动词accomplish的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
有成就的,有造诣的(accomplish+ed)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
US [-'kɑ:m-] adjective
■skilled 熟练的；有造诣的；有才艺的
• She's a very accomplished pianist/painter/horsewoman. 她是一位很有造诣的钢琴家／很有才华的画家／技艺高超的骑师。
• He was accomplished in all the arts. 他精通各门艺术。
adj. 完成的；熟练的，有技巧的；有修养的；有学问的
 - experienced, learned, achieved, skilled, finished

Word: frail
Front: frail
[freɪl] (六托雅宝 8930/7779 -1)
Vocabulary: frail
(once / 662 pages)
1adj 2n
Something that is delicate and fragile can be described as frail. Grandma's favorite vase is probably too frail to use for football practice; some of us have learned that the hard way.
Frail can also used to describe a person's physical condition: "When I broke my grandmother's vase, she yelled in a voice so loud that it was hard to believe it was coming from her small, frail frame." Another way to use frail is in reference to a person's emotional state. As the poet Sylvia Plath astutely observed, "How frail the human heart must be."
WORD FAMILY
frail: frailer, frailest, frailly, frailness, frails
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was playing a difficult man who was in his ’80s who was frail but strong.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At one point, Durst, who is thin and appears frail, wheeled himself backward for a better view, bumping into one of his attorneys.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But it would not be for the people who are frail, live alone or in a dwelling with stairs, he said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 脆弱的，虚弱的; 意志薄弱的，不坚定的; 易损的，易碎的
n. <美俚>少女，少妇; 灯心草篓
级别：frailer, frailest
分布：虚弱的(63%)，脆弱的(37%)
→缩写自拉丁语fragilis, 易碎的，词源同fragile.
脆弱的(frail=fract打碎的→脆弱的)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
【记】源于：fragile（adj 易碎的；脆的）frag碎fragment（n 碎片；片段）fr＝free，ail小病：动不动就得小病－身体虚弱的
【区】flail（n 连枷v 用连枷打）l象连枷；frail的r像易碎的花
adjective
■weak or unhealthy, or easily damaged, broken or harmed 脆弱的；虚弱的；易碎的；易受损的
• a frail old lady 孱弱的老妪
• I last saw him just last week and thought how old and frail he looked. 我最后一次看见他就在上个星期，觉得他看上去非常衰老、虚弱。
• the country's frail economy 该国脆弱的经济
fragile, weak, frail, feeble
这组词都有“虚弱的，乏力的”的意思，其区别是：
fragile: 可与frail换用，但语气强，侧重脆弱，指人容易生病，指物容易破碎。
weak: 普通用词，指缺乏应有的力量，可用于身体、意志或精神。
frail: 多指因经常生病而身体纤弱。
feeble: 指身体衰弱无力，精力几乎耗尽，含令人怜悯的意味。
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 脆弱的；虚弱的
 - weak, tender, slight
n. 灯心草篓；少妇；少女
 - girl-o, chicklet

Word: trumpet
Front: trumpet
[ˈtrʌmpɪt] (研四六托雅宝 8936/8849 -2)
Back: n. 喇叭; 小号; [乐]音栓; 喇叭似的声音
vt. 大声说出或宣告
vi. 吹喇叭，吹小号; 发出回声
时态：trumpeted, trumpeting, trumpets
分布：喇叭(57%)，吹喇叭(13%)，吹嘘(9%)，宣扬(6%)，鼓吹(6%)，喇叭声(5%)，喇叭手(3%)，发出喇叭似的声音(1%)
→trump,喇叭，-et,小词后缀。
n.喇叭,小号The lump jumped off the pump and bumped on the trumpet in the dump.傻大个跳下水泵撞到垃圾堆里的喇叭上.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a brass musical instrument consisting of a metal tube with one narrow end, into which the player blows, and one wide end. Three buttons are pressed in order to change notes. 小号；喇叭
['trʌm.pɪt] verb
ANIMAL CALL 动物叫声
intransitive
■(of a large animal, especially an elephant) to produce a loud call （尤指象等大型动物的）吼声
• We could hear the elephants trumpeting in the distance. 我们可以听见远处大象的吼声。
['trʌm.pɪt] verb
ANNOUNCE 宣布
transitive mainly disapproving
■to announce or state something proudly to a lot of people 吹嘘；鼓吹
• The museum has been loudly trumpeting its reputation as one of the finest in the world. 该博物馆一直在大肆吹嘘自己是世界上最好的博物馆之一。
• Their much- trumpeted price cuts affect only 5% of the goods that they sell. 他们极力吹嘘的降价只涉及到所卖商品的5%。
bugle, trumpet
这组词都有“喇叭，小号”的意思，其区别是：
bugle: 一般指军队中吹信号用的小喇叭。
trumpet: 泛指一般由黄铜做的喇叭，不拘大小而言。
n. 喇叭；喇叭声
 - horn, loudspeaker
vt. 吹喇叭；吹嘘
 - crow about, brag about
vi. 吹喇叭；发出喇叭般的声音
 - blow job

Word: entree
Front: entree
[ˈɒntreɪ] (8922/44645)
Vocabulary: entree
(once / 6626 pages)
1n 2n
Go to a fancy restaurant and take a look at the menu. If you decide to order the chicken, you've just selected your entree.
Entree, pronounced "ON-tray" and sometimes spelled entrée, is another word for main course, at least as it's usually used in this country. Sometimes people talk about having an entree into society, or into some club. When it's used in those contexts, it usually means you have someone who's going to smooth the way, introduce you, and allow you to enter.
WORD FAMILY
entree: entrees
USAGE EXAMPLES
The entrée was a Chinese-style dish of pasta with chopped vegetables.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Just before it leaves the kitchen, the strapping entree is dressed up with pungent cilantro, garlicky yogurt and fresh Thai chili peppers.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The same kinds of questions apply to Trump’s entrée into foreign policy issues.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <法>入场权; <美>主菜
分布：主菜(76%)，入场许可(24%)
→来自enter, 进入。
n. （美）主菜；（法）入场许可
 - main dish, main courses

Word: wreck
Front: wreck
[rek] (研四六托雅 7201/6918 -2)
Vocabulary: wreck
(once / 193 pages)
nv
A wreck is something that's been destroyed. Your hair might be a wreck after a bad day at the barber. Your car might be a wreck after you hit a telephone pole.
Your house might be a wreck after a visit from 3-year-old twins. You might be an emotional wreck after a fight with your boyfriend. A sunken ship is a wreck, or a shipwreck. When you hit that telephone pole, you’ve had a wreck, and you can also call your mangled car a wreck. When you’re next heading out with the car keys, you mom might say, "Don't wreck the car!,” hoping you’ll bring it back in one piece.
WORD FAMILY
wreck: wreckage, wrecked, wrecker, wrecking, wrecks+/ wreckage: wreckages/wrecker: wreckers/wrecking: wreckings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let’s begin with the gruesome train wreck that was the presidential election.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Penn State coach James Franklin said the main goal for his special teams was “not allowing Adoree to wreck the game.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Gussoff, who visited the hospital every day, was emotionally wrecked to see her mother in such fragile condition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 破坏，毁坏; 拆除; 使遇难
n. 毁灭，失事; 遇难船的残骸; （身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人; 状况非常糟糕的车辆（或建筑物等）
vi. 使（船舶）失事，使遇难，使下沉
时态：wrecked, wrecking, wrecks
分布：残骸(49%)，破坏(39%)，遇难(10%)，使…失事(1%)，使…遇难(1%)
→来自wreg,推，驱动，践踏，来自wer的扩大形式，弯，转，扭曲，词源同urgent,wreak。引申义扭曲的物体，主要用于指船的残骸，失事的船只等。
n.失事船(或飞机)v.(船等)失事,遇难;破坏At the neck of the wrecked deck, the reckoner checked the opaque cheque.在遭破坏的甲板的颈部,计算者检查了这张不透明支票.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to destroy or badly damage something 破坏；毁坏
• The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars. 爆炸震碎了附近的窗子，并毁坏了两辆汽车。
• Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm. 我们的温室在昨晚的暴风雨中遭到破坏。
 ADVANCED informal
■to spoil something completely 毁掉；完全破坏
• He has been warned that his behaviour might wreck his chances of promotion. 有人警告他说，他的行为可能会毁掉自己晋升的机会。
[rek] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a vehicle or ship that has been destroyed or badly damaged 严重损毁的交通工具；沉船
• Divers exploring the wreck managed to salvage some coins and jewellery. 探寻沉船的潜水员设法打捞到一些硬币和珠宝。
• The burnt-out wrecks of two police cars littered the road. 路上遍布着两辆被烧毁警车的残骸。
■informal
■someone who is in bad physical or mental condition 健康（或精神）严重受损的人
• The stress she had been under at work reduced her to a nervous/quivering wreck. 工作上的压力令她非常紧张／战战兢兢。
destroy, break, wreck, ruin, spoil, damage
这组词都有“破坏，损坏”的意思，其区别是：
destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
break: 普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
wreck: 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
ruin: 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
spoil: 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
n. 破坏； [水运] 失事；残骸；失去健康的人
 - destruction, breaking, blasting, remain, disruption
vt. 破坏； [水运] 使失事；拆毁
 - destroy, undermine, founder

Word: high-end
Front: high-end
[haɪ end] None
Back: 高档
分布：高端(100%)
adjective
■intended for people who want very good quality products and who do not mind how much they cost 高价位的，高档的（产品针对上层消费者设计的，高品质高价位的）
• high-end video equipment/a high-end department store 高价位的视讯设备／高档的百货公司
■wanting very good quality products, and willing to pay a lot of money for them 上层的，高档的（消费者）
• high-end consumers 上层消费者
adj. 高端的；高档的
 - upper-scale, slap-up

Word: orchestrate
Front: orchestrate
[ˈɔ:kɪstreɪt] (8946/13931 -1)
Vocabulary: orchestrate
(once / 3638 pages)
v
To orchestrate is to design or organize something, like a plan or a project. You could orchestrate an orchestra or you could just orchestrate a yard sale.
An orchestra is a large group of classical musicians led by a conductor: it consists of many people playing together. Similarly, when we talk about orchestrating, someone is coordinating the activities of many people to accomplish something. The manager of an office orchestrates the business. A coach orchestrates the play of the team. Terrorist leaders orchestrate attacks. Orchestrating is like directing, and it applies to many more things than just music.
WORD FAMILY
orchestrate: orchestrated, orchestrates, orchestrating, orchestration, orchestrator+/ orchestra: orchestral, orchestras, orchestrate /orchestral: orchestrally/orchestration: orchestrations/orchestrator: orchestrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Put it on, orchestrate a big group hug, bawl together, and then put on some Prince and honor his memory with a dance party.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Yes, he’s up against the nation’s No. 1 defense, but he’s also orchestrated the nation’s No. 1 most efficient offense this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“He picked it, he planned it, he orchestrated it and he executed it,” prosecutors told his jury.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: vt. 把（乐曲）编成管弦乐; 和谐地安排; 精心策划
时态：orchestrated, orchestrating, orchestrates
分布：精心安排(74%)，给 ... 配管弦乐曲(13%)，使协调地结合在一起(13%)
→来自orchestra,管弦乐，-ate,使。即编排管弦乐曲，引申词义组织，安排。
US ['ɔ:r-] verb transitive often passive
MUSIC 音乐
■to arrange or write a piece of music so that it can be played by an orchestra 为管弦乐队改编（或创作）
UK ['ɔ:.kɪ.streɪt] US ['ɔ:r-] verb transitive often passive
ARRANGE 安排
■to arrange something carefully, and sometimes unfairly, so as to achieve a wanted result 精心安排；用心策划
• Their victory was largely a result of their brilliantly orchestrated election campaign. 他们的胜利主要归功于他们的选举活动策划得非常成功。

Word: rash
Front: rash
[ræʃ] (研六 8937/11233 -2)
Vocabulary: rash
(once / 435 pages)
1adj 2n
A rash is something that spreads like wild fire — red itchy skin or a series of unfortunate events. It can also describe an impulsive, wild decision.
As an adjective, rash has meant "quick, vigorous" since the 1300s by way of Scotland. The meaning shifted to "reckless" a few hundred years later, and can still be used that way — a "rash decision" is a sudden, not well thought out one. Rash, the noun that no one wants on their skin, came a few hundred years after that, but from the French word rache which at some point meant "ringworm." Ringworm still gives us a red, itchy rash. Fun! Rash can also mean a lot of unpleasant things happening in a short amount of time, like robberies or earthquakes.
WORD FAMILY
rash: rashes, rashest, rashly, rashness+/rashness: rashnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She recalled how wearing a hairpiece caused a rash.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Cleveland dressed only 10 players thanks to a rash of recent injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For now, the more pressing priority is weathering an uncommon rash of injuries in the frontcourt.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 鲁莽的，轻率的; 性急的; 不顾后果的
n. （皮）疹; 爆发; 同时大量出现的事件
分布：疹子(39%)，轻率的(25%)，鲁莽的(24%)，大量(12%)
→可能来自俗拉丁语*rasicare,刮，擦，来自拉丁语 radere,刮，擦，词源同 rat,eraser.
a.轻率的,鲁莽的n.皮疹It was rash of you to say so.你那样说真是太卤莽了.
【记】源于：brash（adj 仓促无礼的）r＝run，ash灰：跑到灰里去了－鲁莽的
【反】circumspective（adj 慎重的）
noun
SKIN CONDITION 皮肤状况
countable or uncountable
■a lot of small red spots on the skin 皮疹，疹子
• I've got an itchy rash all over my chest. 我胸部出满了疹子，痒得要命。
• He came out/up in a rash after he fell in a patch of nettles. 他摔倒在一片荨麻地里，结果身上就起了疹子。
• If you stay in the sun too long you'll get (a) heat rash. 如果你在阳光下呆得太久，就会生痱子。
[ræʃ] noun
LARGE NUMBER 大量
a rash of sth
■a large number of unpleasant events of the same type （一下子出现的）大量令人不快的事
• There has been a rash of robberies/accidents/complaints in the last two months. 过去两个月中，突然发生很多起抢劫案／一下出了很多宗事故／接二连三收到多宗投诉。
[ræʃ] adjective
■careless or unwise, without thought for what might happen or result 轻率的；鲁莽的；毛躁的
• That was a rash decision - you didn't think about the costs involved. 那个决定太轻率了——你没有考虑到这样做的代价。
• [+ to infinitive] I think it was a bit rash of them to get married when they'd only known each other for a few weeks. 我觉得他们刚认识几周就结婚有些草率。
adj. 轻率的；鲁莽的；不顾后果的
 - hasty, imprudent
n. [皮肤] 皮疹；突然大量出现的事物
 - quat, tetter

Word: disgusting
Front: disgusting
[dɪsˈgʌstɪŋ] (高 8938/6544 -K1)
Vocabulary: disgusting
(once / 1246 pages)
adj
Something disgusting is awful in a way that makes you want to throw up — it's really, really yucky. Nobody likes disgusting things.
Stepping in dog poo is disgusting — in other words, revolting and gross. Some people think spiders are disgusting; others find meatloaf disgusting; it just depends on what your tastes and tolerances are. If a politician is caught taking bribes, people say "That behavior is disgusting!" If your favorite team loses 20 games in a row, that might seem disgusting. Pretty much anything horrible, terrible, or nasty can be called disgusting.
WORD FAMILY
disgusting: disgustingly, disgustingness+/ disgust: disgusted, disgustful, disgusting, disgusts, self-disgust/ disgusted: disgustedly/disgustful: disgustfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe you don’t find that disgusting, in which case you probably like performance art.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He would look in the mirror and call himself “fat” and “disgusting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Here are 5 of the most disgusting moments:
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人作呕的; 令人厌恶的; ; 不堪入目
分布：令人厌恶的(100%)
【反】entrancing（adj 使人神魂颠倒的）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■extremely unpleasant or unacceptable 令人厌恶的，让人憎恶的，使人反感的
• It's disgusting that there are no schools or hospitals for these people. 没有面向这些人的学校和医院，这真令人无法接受。
• Passengers were kept for hours in a disgusting waiting room. 乘客被迫在令人厌恶的候车室里等了好几个小时。
adj. 令人厌恶的
 - ugly, sickening

Word: fucking
Front: fucking
[ˈfʌkɪŋ] (4629/3915)
Back: adj. 该死的; 非常的; 低劣的
v. 性交( fuck的现在分词); 使受害
分布：非常地(100%)
adjective adverb offensive
■used to emphasize a statement, especially an angry one （用于强调，尤用于生气时）他妈的，该死的
• What a fucking waste of time! 真他妈的浪费时间！
• He's a fucking idiot. 他真他妈的是个白痴。
• He'd fucking well better do it. 他最好他妈的把那件事干了。
adj. 他妈的；难完成的；非常的；低劣的
 - intense, mean, base
v. 欺骗；利用；诅咒（fuck的ing形式）
 - utilizing, improving, deceiving

Word: universally
Front: universally
[ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:səli] (六 8939/7856)
Vocabulary: universally
(once / 636 pages)
adv
Use the adverb universally to emphasize that something is done — or felt, or believed — in every single case.
If your new haircut is universally loved, it means that everyone, everywhere — with no exceptions — is a fan of your super short bangs. You might also describe getting a filling at the dentist as universally disliked, or a brilliant sunny day as universally cheering after a week of rain. The root is Latin, the word universalis, "of or belonging to all," which in turn comes from universus, "whole or entire." When a feeling or belief belongs to everyone, everywhere, it is held universally.
WORD FAMILY
universal: universalise, universalism, universality, universalize, universally, universals+/universalise: universalised, universalises, universalising/universalism: universalisms, universalist, universalistic/universality: universalities/universalize: universalized, universalizes, universalizing/ universe: universal, universes
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are too many variables at play for there to be a universally ideal day to buy an airline ticket.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the 2016 Alabama team is universally considered among the best to ever play college football.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Certainly, no one from the E.P.A. or in local government is saying this part of Alaska is universally polluted.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 普遍地; 一般地; 人人; 处处
分布：普遍地(100%)
ADV
普遍地;全体地;人人
If something is universally believed or accepted, it is believed or accepted by everyone with no disagreement.
例：...a universally accepted point of view...普遍接受的观点
例：The scale of the problem is now universally recognised.现在全世界的人都已认识到了这个问题的严重性。
ADV
到处；在所有情况下；无一例外地
If something is universally true, it is true everywhere in the world or in all situations.
例：The disadvantage is that it is not universally available...缺点在于它并不是随处都可获得。
例：Nor is acid rain always, and universally, a bad thing.酸雨也并非在任何情况下都是坏事。
adv. 普遍地；人人；到处
 - generally, everywhere, around, throughout, about

Word: box
Front: box
[bɒks] (中高 795/874 -K4)
Vocabulary: box
(once / 62 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4nv
A box is a container with a flat bottom. You might get a box in the mail, open it up, and find several boxes of cookies inside.
A box of crayons or a box of cereal open at the top and are rectangular. A flat, two-dimensional box is one you draw or fill in on a form or test: "Check the box that best describes the word's meaning." When box is used as a verb, it means "put in a box," but also "hit or spar with fists."
WORD FAMILY
box: boxed, boxer, boxes, boxful, boxing, boxlike, boxy, unbox+/boxer: boxers/boxful: boxfuls/boxing: boxings/unbox: unboxed, unboxing
USAGE EXAMPLES
His chapters are organized with the pleasing precision of a bento box.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The school calls the gym the Lions’ Den, but many visitors call it the Dungeon and liken playing there to playing hockey inside a box.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Those runaway hits are contributing to what industry sources are projecting to be a record year at the box office.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 盒; 箱状物; 包厢; 哨房
vt. 把…装入盒[箱，匣]中
vt. & vi. 拳击
时态：boxed, boxing, boxes
分布：盒子(47%)，箱子(33%)，拳击(5%)，耳光(4%)，包厢(4%)，黄杨木(2%)，把…装箱(1%)，一拳(1%)，专席(1%)，巴掌(1%)，打耳光(1%)
→1.箱子，来自拉丁词buxis, 黄杨木，后指黄杨木做的箱子。可能同bush.
n.盒,箱;包厢v.把...装箱;拳击,打耳光Her boyfriend fed a box of oxygen and hydrogen to the ox and fox.她男朋友给牛和狐狸喂了一盒子氧和氢.
US [bɑ:ks] noun
CONTAINER 容器
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a square or rectangular container with stiff sides and sometimes a lid 箱；盒；匣
• a cardboard box 纸板箱
• a cigar box 雪茄烟盒
• a matchbox 火柴盒
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a box and its contents, or just the contents of a box 一箱（或一盒、一匣）的容量
• a box of matches 一盒火柴
• He ate a whole box of chocolates. 他吃了整整一盒巧克力。
countable UK (US cup)
■a piece of hard plastic worn by men to protect their sex organs when playing sport （男运动员的）下体护身，护阴
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] noun
SQUARE SPACE 方格
 ESSENTIAL countable
■any square or rectangular space on a form, sports field, road etc., which is separated from the main area by lines （表格上的）方框，方格；（体育场、道路等上）以线标出的特定区域
• If you would like more information, mark this box. 如果你需要更多的资料，请在这个方框内打钩。
countable US for
■ box junction （前方通畅时方可驶入的）路口方形黄线区
countable
■a small space with walls 专席；小亭
• a jury/telephone box 陪审团席／公众电话亭
• Their new house is just a box (= very small). 他们的新房子非常小。
countable
■a small area with seats which is separate from the other seats in a theatre or at the side of a sports field （戏院中或运动场边的）包厢
• Can you see Prince Charles in the royal box? 你能看见皇室专用包厢里的查理斯王子吗？
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] noun
TELEVISION 电视
the box UK informal
only singular
■television 电视
• There's nothing worth watching on the box tonight. 今晚的电视没有甚么值得一看的。
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] noun
ADDRESS 地址
countable (also box _number)
■a number that you can give instead of your address, especially in newspaper advertisements 信箱号码
• Please reply to Box 307, The Times, London. 回信请寄伦敦泰晤士报307信箱。
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] noun
TREE 树
uncountable
■a small evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree with small shiny leaves 黄杨，黄杨属植物
⇒ See also boxwood
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] verb
SPORT 体育
intransitive or transitive
■to fight someone in the sport of boxing （与…）斗拳；参加（拳击比赛）
• He used to box every weekend. 他以前每个周末都打拳击。
• I've boxed (against) some of the best. 我曾和一些最好的拳击手较量过。
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] verb
PUT IN CONTAINER 置于容器内
transitive (also box up)
■to put something in a box 把…装箱，把…置于箱（或盒子）内
• Should I box these shoes up for you, or would you like to wear them now? 我帮你把这双鞋子装进盒子还是你现在就穿？
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] verb
box sb's ears (UK also give sb a box on the ears) old-fashioned
■to hit someone on the ears, usually as a punishment 打（某人）的耳光
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] box sb/sth in
■to move so close to someone or something that they cannot move away 把…困住
• When I got back to my car, I found it had been boxed in by a lorry. 回来时发现我的车被一辆货车堵在里面了。
UK [bɒks] US [bɑ:ks] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] box sb in
■to prevent someone from doing what they want to do 限制（某人），约束（某人）
• She did not want to send her son to a school where he would be boxed in by so many rules and regulations. 她不想把儿子送到一所被规章制度束手束脚的学校。
boxed in
adjective [after verb]
■prevented from doing what you want to do 受限制的，受束缚的
• He feels boxed in at work and wants greater freedom to develop his ideas. 他工作上感到束手束脚，希望有更多的自由来展开自己的想法。
n. [包装] 箱，盒子；包厢；一拳
 - case, balcony
vi. 拳击
 - spar

Word: participating
Front: participating
[pɑ:'tɪsɪpeɪtɪŋ] (8964/10507)
Back: v. 参加，参与( participate的现在分词 )
分布：一起参加的(100%)
VERB
参与；参加
If you participate in an activity, you take part in it.
例：They expected him to participate in the ceremony...他们希望他参加典礼。
例：Over half the population of this country participate in sport.这个国家一半以上的人口参加体育锻炼。
v. 参加（participate的ing形式）
 - engaging

Word: jack
Front: jack
[dʒæk] (六 11765/1652 -2)
Vocabulary: jack
(once / 2126 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n 7n 8n 9n 10n 11n 12v
If you're ever stranded beside the highway with a flat tire, what you need is a jack and a spare tire. With a jack, you can lift the car slightly off the ground and change the tire.
Most cars have an emergency jack in the trunk, and repair shops have larger jacks, sometimes called "garage jacks," that can raise the car high enough for a mechanic to work underneath it. To lift this way is to jack something. Other kinds of jacks include game pieces and playing cards. In Middle English, as now, the name Jack was used for "ordinary guy," a meaning that transferred to basic tools, generic men, and male animals.
WORD FAMILY
jack: jacked, jacking, jacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no shortage of generous storage cubbies, USB jacks and power ports throughout the vehicle, either.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Boeing is testing a system with the completed wings each supported by three giant jacks.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The bright stock jack chinook run is about half the recent 10-year average.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 千斤顶; [信]插孔，插座; 男人; 纸牌中的J
vt. 提高，增加; 用千斤顶顶起; 抬起; 抬起，使想起
vi. <美>用篝灯打猎（或捕鱼）
时态：jacked, jacking, jacks
分布：千斤顶(27%)，男人(14%)，插座(14%)，船首旗(11%)，抬高(10%)，侍者(7%)，水手(5%)，公畜(5%)，用千斤顶顶起(5%)，扑克牌里的J(2%)
→常见人名，来自古法语Jacques,来自拉丁语Jacobus,即圣经人物Jacob.后该人名被极大的通用化，代指各种叫不出名字的人或物，类似于中国的张三李四。jack 千斤顶，插座，J牌
noun countable
EQUIPMENT 机械
■a piece of equipment which can be opened slowly under a heavy object such as a car in order to raise it off the ground 千斤顶，起重器
• You need a car jack in order to change a wheel. 给汽车换轮子需要用千斤顶。
[dʒæk] noun countable
CARD 纸牌 (also knave)
■a playing card with a picture of a man on it. It has a lower value than the cards showing a king or queen （纸牌中的）J牌，杰克
• the jack of clubs 梅花杰克
[dʒæk] noun countable
BALL 球
■a small ball towards which other balls are rolled or thrown in the games of bowls or boules （草地滚木球游戏或法国式滚球游戏中的）靶子球
[dʒæk] noun countable
ELECTRICAL 与电有关的
■a connection between two pieces of electrical equipment （电）插座，插口，塞孔
[dʒæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jack sth in UK informal
■to stop doing something, often a job or something that you are not enjoying 停止；放弃
• He's jacked in his job. 他放弃了他的工作。
[dʒæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jack sth up
LIFT
■to raise a heavy object such as a car off the ground with a jack 用起重器顶起，用千斤顶托起
INCREASE informal disapproving
■to increase the price of something suddenly and by a large amount （突然大幅地）提高（价格）
• Once the tourists arrive, the restaurants jack up their prices. 游客一到，餐馆就大幅涨价。
n. [机] 千斤顶； [电] 插座；男人
 - boy, he, man, guy
vt. 增加；提醒；抬起；用千斤顶顶起某物
 - enhance, boost, mount, hot, gain
adj. 雄的
 - dog

Word: brace
Front: brace
[breɪs] (研六托雅宝 6591/8937 -2)
Vocabulary: brace
(once / 370 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A brace is a support that helps to steady or strengthen, and to brace is to prepare for something hard. So brace yourself for that impromptu meeting with your boss if you haven't been performing well.
We all know the braces that straighten teeth and keep injured knees in line. But in verb form, brace means to bolster or steady. “Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather,” said John Ruskin, the English writer and cultural critic. He means the wind supports us with its uplifting powers — although those living in tornado country might disagree.
WORD FAMILY
brace: braced, bracer, braces, bracing, unbrace+/bracer: bracers/bracing: bracingly, bracings/unbrace: unbraced, unbraces, unbracing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arizona running back David Johnson ended his season finale on the sideline and with a brace on his left knee.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Their trunks, ten to fifteen feet in diameter, were braced with massive buttresses and knees.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The era of fedora hats, braces and brogues fits Affleck’s classic matinee idol good looks, too.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 支撑; 系紧; 准备，预备; 振作起来
vi. 准备好; 支持; 打起精神
n. 支持物; 铁钳，夹子; [语]大括号; 绷紧（身体部位的）肌肉
时态：braced, bracing, braces
分布：支撑(38%)，支架(20%)，大括号(11%)，支柱(8%)，防备(6%)，一对(6%)，振作(4%)，绷紧(4%)，牙箍(3%)
→来自拉丁词bracchia, 手臂。词源同brief, 短的。原指两手合抱，表支持义，后指箍子，括号等。
支持,使坚固的支持物[brace=two arms表示"两臂"]
v.使防备;支撑;使(手,足,肩等)绷紧n.托架Brace yourself for the new challenge!振作起来,迎击新的挑战!
【记】brace原指双臂，用双臂支撑－使稳固用两个brace embrace（v 拥抱）
【反】denounce（vt 公开指责）
noun
SUPPORT 支架
countable (plural braces)
■something that connects, fastens, strengthens or supports 托架，支架
• I had to wear a brace (US usually braces)for my crooked teeth when I was a teenager. 十几岁时我不得不替我的畸形齿上戴上牙箍。
• He was recently fitted with a brace for his bad back. 他最近因背部受伤戴了一个支撑架。
braces [plural] UK (US suspenders)
■a pair of narrow straps which stretch from the front of the trousers over your shoulders to the back to hold them up （裤子的）背带
• a pair of braces 一副背带
US * callipers (LEG SUPPORT)
[breɪs] noun
PAIR 双
countable (plural brace)
■two things of the same type, especially two wild birds that have been killed for sport or food （尤指猎获的野鸟的）一双，一对
• a brace of pheasants 一对野鸡
[breɪs] verb transitive
SUPPORT 支架
■to support an object in order to stop it from falling down 支撑，加固；使紧绷
• The side wall of the old house was braced with a wooden support. 老房子的边墙用木结构加固了。
[breɪs] verb transitive
PREPARE 准备
brace yourself
[R]
■to prepare yourself physically or mentally for something unpleasant 使防备；使准备；使经受锻炼
• The passengers were told to brace themselves (= to press their bodies hard against something or hold them very stiff) for a crash landing. 乘客们被告知要做好紧急迫降准备。
• She told me she had some bad news for me and I braced myself for a shock. 她说有坏消息要告诉我，我已做好了承受打击的准备。
n. 支柱； [计] [语] 大括号；曲柄
 - leg, backbone, stay, mainstay
vt. [公路] 支撑；振作起来；激励；撑牢
 - support, stimulate, uphold, power, sustain
vi. 支持；打起精神
 - support of, stand up for sb

Word: hone
Front: hone
[həʊn] (宝 8949/18919 -1)
Vocabulary: hone
(once / 3780 pages)
vn
The verb hone means to sharpen skills. When you practice shooting baskets every day after school, you are honing your skills as a basketball player.
Hone, the verb, literally means to sharpen with a hone, a whetstone used to sharpen cutting tools. Use hone to describe someone working hard, perfecting or sharpening skills, as in "She is honing her skills as an actress by working in community theater." Hone, which rhymes with phone, is from the Old English word, han, meaning "stone, rock."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
hone / home
To hone is to sharpen a knife or perfect a skill. Home is where you live, where your stuff is, is where the heart is, and all that.
Hone in or hone in on, is an eggcorn for home in on. (An eggcorn is a word accidently used for another word that sounds similar, like saying eggcorn instead of acorn.)
Home in on (with an "m") means to move toward an object or goal, like a missile zooming towards a target. Or as a homing pigeon does, which is where the term comes from. Here are some examples:
Another international e-commerce site that has homed in on the Brazilian market is farfetch.com. (New York Times)
Bedbugs are active at night, leaving their hiding places to home in on body warmth or carbon dioxide to reach their victims. (Monsters and Critics)
Hone is to sharpen something, like a blade or your attention in math class. The only reason people get it confused with home is when hone horns in on home in.
Although you can make something pointy by honing, when you try to hit a target, you home in on it, like going home after a long day.
WORD FAMILY
hone: honed, hones, honing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former guide David Sandager told the rookies he honed his objective to highlight the building as a showpiece of Minnesota.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“And to get to 22, I’m still trying to hone in on 11. It’s pretty shocking.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They would be honing in on her mind.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 用磨刀石磨; 磨孔放大
n. 磨刀石
时态：honed, honing, hones
分布：磨练(85%)，细磨刀石(7%)，磨刀(5%)，磨孔机(3%)
→来自中古英语hon,磨刀石，来自ke,使锋利，词源同cone,coin,cuneiform.引申词义磨刀，磨炼。
【记】磨刀hone hone向猪羊
【区】horn（n 喇叭；号角）
【反】blunt（v 使变钝）
US [hoʊn] verb transitive
MAKE SHARP 变锋利
■to sharpen an object 使…变锋利；把…磨尖
• The bone had been honed to a point. 那块骨头已经被磨尖了。
UK [həʊn] US [hoʊn] verb transitive
MAKE PERFECT 变完美
■to make something perfect or completely suitable for its purpose 磨练，磨砺；训练
• His physique was honed to perfection. 他的身材锻炼得很完美。
• Her debating skills were honed in the students' union. 她的辩论技巧是在学生会里磨练出来的。
n. [机] 磨刀石；想念；抱怨
 - complaint, sharpening stone

Word: gunshot
Front: gunshot
[ˈgʌnʃɒt] (8950/21227 -1)
Back: n. 枪炮射击，枪炮声; 枪炮的射程
分布：枪击(40%)，射程(32%)，枪弹(17%)，枪击声(11%)
US [-ʃɑ:t] noun countable
■(the sound of) the shooting of a gun 枪炮射击；枪炮声
• I then heard what sounded like a gunshot in the hall. 当时，我听到门厅里像是传出一声枪响。
• gunshot wounds 枪伤
n. 射击；射程；炮击
 - shoot, carry
adj. 射击的；枪炮射击所致的
 - ballistic

Word: congestion
Front: congestion
[kənˈdʒestʃən] (托雅 8954/8988 -1)
Vocabulary: congestion
(once / 3241 pages)
n
When a driver complains about congestion, she's talking about the cars that are backed up on the highway. When your sneezing friend complains about congestion, he's talking about his stuffed-up nose.
Use the noun congestion to talk about over-crowding; this comes up most often when people talk about traffic. If there's unexpected congestion on your route to work, you'll be late. You might also use the word to describe a crush of people: "The congestion in the subway was terrible — we were packed like sardines in there." The medical kind of congestion describes a build up of fluid, especially the kind you feel in your sinuses when you have a bad cold.
WORD FAMILY
congestion: congestions+/ congest: congested, congesting, congestion, congestive, congests/congestive: congestively
USAGE EXAMPLES
From its inception, the Second Avenue subway was intended to ease congestion on the East Side of Manhattan.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And is seen as crucial to alleviating congestion in the nation’s biggest subway system.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It reduces road congestion, benefiting our environment and our quality of life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 拥挤，堵车; 阻塞; 充血; （人口）过剩，稠密
分布：拥挤(52%)，阻塞(27%)，充血(21%)
N-UNCOUNT
堵塞;拥堵
If there is congestion in a place, the place is extremely crowded and blocked with traffic or people.
例：The problems of traffic congestion will not disappear in a hurry...交通拥堵问题不会一下子就消失。
例：Energy consumption, congestion and pollution have increased.能源消耗、交通堵塞以及污染状况愈加严重。
N-UNCOUNT
(身体部位的)堵塞，充血，淤血
Congestion in a part of the body is a medical condition in which the part becomes blocked.
例：...nasal congestion.鼻塞
n. 拥挤；拥塞； [病理] 充血
 - injection, crowding

Word: verb
Front: verb
[vɜ:b] (研四六 8951/4641 -1)
Vocabulary: verb
(once / 361 pages)
n
A verb is the part of speech that indicates what something does, or what it is. It's also the basic component of the predicate of a sentence.
You may know that a verb is just another part of speech, like a noun or an adverb. The verb, however, can be in different tenses, meaning the action might have happened in the past or it might be now, or it could even be planned for the future. So the verb walk in the past tense would be walked, and in the future would be will walk.
WORD FAMILY
verb: verbal, verbify, verbs+/ nonverbal: nonverbally/ verbal: nonverbal, verbalise, verbalism, verbalize, verbally/verbalise: verbalisation, verbalised, verbaliser/verbalised: unverbalised/verbalism: verbalisms/ verbalization: verbalizations/ verbalize: verbalization, verbalized, verbalizer, verbalizes, verbalizing/verbalized: unverbalized/verbally: non-verbally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just as old is the verb form, for working with such a utensil.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
The word is derived from the French verb “manger,” meaning “to eat.”
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Preceded by George W Bush, he repaired the US’s image in most parts of the world, returned verbs to sentences and facts to science.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 动词; 动词结构
分布：动词(100%)
→来自拉丁语verbum,词，言语，来自were,说话，词源同word,adverb,proverb.用于语法格指动词。
动词[verb=word,表示"词语"]
n.动词In this version, some conversions are made to the verbs and adverbs in the conversation.该版本中,会话中的动词和副词作了一些转换.
US [vɝ:b] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a word or phrase that describes an action, condition or experience 动词
• The words 'run', 'keep' and 'feel' are all verbs. run，keep 和 feel 都是动词。
adj. [语] 动词的；有动词性质的；起动词作用的
 - rhematic

Word: continental
Front: continental
[.kɒntɪ'nent(ə)l] (六托 8947/4013 -2)
Back: adj. 大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的; 〈美〉（独立战争时）美洲殖民地的
n. 欧洲大陆人; 〈美〉（独立战争中的）美国兵[纸币]; 〈美俚〉（起源于英国的）欧洲大陆发式
分布：大陆的(62%)，欧洲大陆的(38%)
大陆的(continent大陆)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
ADJ
(除英国之外)欧洲大陆的
Continental means situated on or belonging to the continent of Europe except for Britain.
例：He sees no signs of improvement in the UK and continental economy.他看不到英国与欧洲大陆经济好转的迹象。
N-COUNT
欧洲大陆人
A continental is someone who comes from the continent of Europe.
ADJ-GRADED
典型欧洲大陆的;具欧洲大陆特征的
If you describe someone or something as continental, you think that they are typical of the continent of Europe.
例：He's very continental...他非常欧陆化。
例：Torquay is undeniably continental.无可否认，托基具有典型的欧陆风情。
ADJ
大洲的;大陆的
Continental is used to refer to something that belongs to or relates to a continent.
例：The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。
ADJ
(除夏威夷、美属维尔京群岛等之外)美国大陆的，美国本土的
The continental United States consists of all the states which are situated on the continent of North America, as opposed to Hawaii and territories such as the Virgin Islands.
例：Shipping is included on orders sent within the continental U.S.美国本土订单已含运费。
例：Since these substances are not licensed, they cannot be sold in the continental United States.由于这些物品没有许可证，所以不能在美国大陆地区销售。
ADJ
(美国革命时期)发生(或存在)于美洲殖民地的，美洲大陆的
Continental means existing or happening in the American colonies during the American Revolution.
例：...George Washington, Commander of the Continental Army...乔治·华盛顿——大陆军总司令
例：The Continental Congress called upon the 13 states to draft new constitutions establishing governments more conducive to 'republican' principles.大陆会议号召13个州起草新宪法，建立更有利于实现“共和”原则的政府。
N-COUNT
(美国革命时期的)大陆军士兵
Continentals were soldiers who fought in the Continental Army against the British in the American Revolution.
adj. 大陆的；大陆性的
 - mainland
n. 欧洲人
 - European, EUR

Word: sever
Front: sever
[ˈsevə(r)] (托宝 8957/8492 -1)
Vocabulary: sever
(once / 626 pages)
v
To sever something is to cut it off from the whole. If your girlfriend breaks up with you on your anniversary, you might respond by severing the blossoms off the roses you were planning to give her. (Just an idea.)
Sever rhymes with ever, but it looks like the word severe, which means "harsh." The similarity between sever and severe is a good reminder to reserve sever for harsh, unpleasant circumstances. If you’re trimming your fingernails, you might use the word clip, but sever wouldn’t be appropriate. If, however, you somehow cut off your finger while clipping your fingernails, you’re free to use the word sever — or any other word you like — on your way to the hospital.
WORD FAMILY
sever: severable, severance, severed, severing, severs+/ severance: severances/severing: severings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or should it pursue what some call a "clean" and others a "hard" Brexit, severing the link more definitively?
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
So it was all the more disturbing that, shortly after returning to America, Sherald found herself, like the Tin Man, severed from her truest self.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Options include recalling the ambassador, stopping international cooperation, fighting a trade war -- even severing diplomatic ties.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 分离或分开; 切制; 分离：断决（例如，关系）
vi. 切开：切开或打开; 分开：相互分开或分离
时态：severed, severing, severs
分布：切断(77%)，分开(15%)，脱离(8%)
→来自古法语 sevrer,分开，来自拉丁语 separare,分开，词源同 separate.字母 p,v 音变，比较 seven,September.引申词义切开，割断，断绝等。
切断;脱离(se+ver分开→分离开→切断)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
【记】源于：separate（adj 分开的；v 分开）成为七seven部分
【参】severance（n 切断；断绝关系）
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to break or separate, especially by cutting 弄断；分开；（尤指）切断，割断
• The knife severed an artery and he bled to death. 刀子割断了动脉，他流血过多而死。
• Her foot was severed from her leg in a car accident. 在一次车祸中，她的脚断了。
• Electricity cables have been severed by the storm. 风暴弄断了电缆。
■to end a connection with someone or something 中断，断绝（联系）
• The US severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961. 美国于1961年断绝与古巴的外交关系。
• The company has severed its connection/links/relationship/ties with its previous partners. 公司断绝了与前合作伙伴之间的联系／关系。
vt. 割断，断绝；分开；使分离
 - stop, split, distribute
vi. 断；裂开；分离
 - gap, seam

Word: indispensable
Front: indispensable
[ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl] (研四六托雅 8952/8544 -1)
Vocabulary: indispensable
(once / 532 pages)
adj
Indispensable is a strong adjective for something that you couldn't do without. If you have asthma and you're packing for summer vacation, your inhaler is indispensable, unless you enjoy gasping on the beach.
Something that is dispensable is something you could get rid of, like that box of yogurt covered dried zucchini snacks that's been in the pantry for a year. So if something is indispensable you couldn't possibly go without it, like salt, or for some people, coffee. Chocolate is indispensable for chocolate chip cookies, as is furniture for the adult hide-and-go-seek league.
WORD FAMILY
indispensable: indispensability, indispensableness, indispensably+/ dispensable: dispensability, dispensableness, indispensable / dispensary: dispensaries/ dispensation: dispensations/ dispense: dispensable, dispensary, dispensation, dispensed, dispenser, dispenses, dispensing/dispenser: dispensers/indispensability: indispensabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of them are not just important, but indispensable.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Her calculations very soon prove indispensable to the effort to put the first American astronaut, Alan Shepard, into outer space.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
“As religious faith is the foundation of free government, so is prayer an indispensable part of that faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可缺少的; 绝对必要的; 责无旁贷的; 不可避开的
n. 不可缺少的人或物
分布：不可缺少的(100%)
→in-,不，非，dispensable,可省去的，可有可无的。
a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的Computer is indispensable to modern life.计算机是现代生活中不可缺少的东西.
adjective
■Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without them 必不可少的，必需的
• This book is an indispensable resource for researchers. 这本书是研究人员必不可少的资料。
• His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks. 在联合国长期的工作经验使他成为谈判中不可或缺的人物。
requisite, essential, indispensable, necessary
这组词都有“必不可少的，必需的”的意思，其区别是：
requisite: 正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与necessary换用。
essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。
indispensable: 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。
necessary: 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。
adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的
 - obbligato

Word: brown
Front: brown
[braʊn] (中高托 1769/2018 -K5)
Back: adj. 棕色的; 褐色的; 被晒黑的; 未去壳的
n. 褐色; 棕色
v. 变成棕色; 成褐色; 晒黑; 烤得焦黄
时态：browned, browning, browns
分布：棕色(44%)，褐色(25%)，棕色的(19%)，褐色的(12%)
→来自PIE *bher, 照耀，发光。词源同bear, 熊。其明亮义见burnish, 擦亮的。
n./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
adjective noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■(of) the colour of chocolate or soil 棕色（的），褐色（的）
• dark/light brown 深褐色／浅褐色
• Both my parents have curly brown hair. 我的父母都有一头棕色的鬈发。
[braʊn] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make food brown by cooking it （把食物）炒成褐色
• Lightly brown the onion before adding the tomatoes. 加番茄之前先把洋葱炒至略呈褐色。
• Allow the meat to brown before adding the vegetables. 把肉炒成褐色再加蔬菜。
adj. 棕色的，褐色的；太阳晒黑的
 - umber
n. 褐色，棕色
 - suntan

Word: cocoa
Front: cocoa
[ˈkəʊkəʊ] (高 8963/8892 -1)
Vocabulary: cocoa
(once / 1523 pages)
n
The dark, chocolate-brown powder you use to make brownies or devil's food cake is called cocoa. Cocoa consists of finely ground roasted cacao beans.
You can use cocoa to make many chocolate treats, including pudding, cake, cookies, and hot chocolate — which is also called cocoa. Although cocoa powder smells delicious, it has to be mixed with sugar or some other sweetener for it to taste good. When the word cocoa was first used in the early 18th century, it was based on a mistake, mixing up the letters of cacao, the seed that's used to make cocoa.
WORD FAMILY
cocoa: cocoas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coffee beans are the most -popular choice, though Arnold prefers lemon peel and Dorman cocoa -powder, -neither of which provides the -necessary extra caffeine hit.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
I spent the night of the US election curled up with a cup of cocoa and Dodie Smith’s novel I Capture the Castle.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
New York and London cocoa futures hit three-year lows this month on strong supply and forecasts of a global surplus next year.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 可可，可可粉; 可可饮料; 深褐色
分布：可可粉(75%)，可可饮料(21%)，可可色(4%)
→来自南美土著语cacahuatl, 词源同chocolate, cacao.
US ['koʊ.koʊ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dark brown powder made from cocoa beans , used to make chocolate and add a chocolate flavour to food and drink 可哥粉
 ADVANCED
■a sweet chocolate drink that is made with cocoa powder 可哥饮料
• a nice hot mug of cocoa 一杯香喷喷的热可哥饮料
n. [作物] 可可粉；可可豆；可可饮料；深褐色
 - cacao powder, cacao bean

Word: ancestral
Front: ancestral
[æn'sestrəl] (托 8966/11879 -1)
Vocabulary: ancestral
(once / 1409 pages)
adj
Ancestral things have been around so long that they once belonged to your ancestors, the family members who lived before your grandparents were born.
Your ancestral home is the place your great-grandparents or great-great-uncle once lived. You can also use this adjective to describe things that someone inherited from ancestors, like your friend's ancestral beach cottage or your mom's ancestral set of silverware. Ancestral comes from the Late Latin antecessor, "predecessor," or literally "forgoer," from the root antecedere, "to precede."
WORD FAMILY
ancestral: ancestrally+/ ancestor: ancestors, ancestral
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the 4,000 sites are fishing and hunting processing areas, ancestral village areas and tribal corridors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now he is working at a construction site for half that amount near his ancestral village of Barbata, far away.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Many Israelis consider the settlements to be in the ancestral homeland of the Jews and refer to them by their biblical names, Judea and Samaria.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 祖先的; 与祖先有关的; 祖宗传下的
分布：祖先的(65%)，祖传的(35%)
ADJ
祖先的；祖传的
You use ancestral to refer to a person's family in former times, especially when the family is important and has property or land which they have had for a long time.
例：...the family's ancestral home in southern Germany.这个家族在德国南部的祖居
例：...the ancestral portraits in the hallway.走廊里祖先的画像
adj. [生物] 祖先的； [遗] 祖传的
 - patrimonial

Word: intently
Front: intently
[ɪn'tentlɪ] (8948/10714)
Vocabulary: intently
(once / 659 pages)
adv
If you're studying something intently, you're probably leaning forward and you're oblivious to whatever is going on around you. Your attention is focused like a laser.
If you're gazing intently into someone's eyes, you're hanging on to every blink of the eye, every nuance of expression. Maybe you're in love. When you do something intently, you do it with intensity. It's not a coincidence that intently sounds a lot like intensity, as they both come from the Latin intendere, made up of in- ("toward") and tendere ("stretch"). So when you're listening intently to a Bartók string quartet, you're stretching and straining to hear every note.
WORD FAMILY
intent: intently, intentness, intents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The race for president focused intently on the millions of people living in the United States illegally, and whether to let most of them stay.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Aune, like a growing number of scientists and clinicians, is focusing intently on “late effects” of cancer treatments.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
When Ghebar asked the counsellor for advice, he was told to try to focus intently on the present.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 专心地; 专注地; 热切地; 热心地
分布：一心一意地(38%)，专心地(37%)，心无旁骛地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
坚决的;下决心的
If you are intent on doing something, you are eager and determined to do it.
例：The rebels are obviously intent on keeping up the pressure...叛乱分子显然决心继续施压。
例：The play starred a well-known retired actress who was intent on a come-back.该剧由一名志在复出的著名隐退女演员主演。
ADJ-GRADED
专心的;专注的
If someone does something in an intent way, they pay great attention to what they are doing.
例：She looked from one intent face to another...她看着一张张专注的面孔。
例：Rodney had been intent on every word.罗德尼字字留心。
N-VAR
意图;目的
A person's intent is their intention to do something.
例：...a strong statement of intent on arms control...决心实施军备控制的有力声明
例：Two men will appear before Birmingham magistrates' court today charged with possession of arms with intent to endanger life.两名男子今天将在伯明翰地方法庭受审,他们被控持有武器，企图危害他人生命。
PHRASE
差不多等于;几乎在一切方面
You say to all intents and purposes to suggest that a situation is not exactly as you describe it but the effect is the same as if it were.
例：To all intents and purposes he was my father.他几乎可以称得上是我的父亲。
adv. 专心地；一心一意地；心无旁物地
 - single-mindedly, devotedly

Word: clearance
Front: clearance
[ˈklɪərəns] (雅 8962/5606 -1)
Back: n. 清洁，清扫; [建]净空; 空隙，间隙; 放行证
分布：间隙(45%)，清除(27%)，通关(10%)，清理(8%)，结关(5%)，许可证(4%)，清仓甩卖(1%)
→来自clear,清楚的，解决了的。
清算;清除(clear+ance表名词)[clear,clar,clair=clear,bright,表示"清楚,明白"]
US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
REMOVE 清除
[S or U]
■when waste or things you do not want are removed from a place （对废物或不要的东西的）清除，清理，清扫，排除
• house/slum clearance 拆除房屋／贫民窟
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
CHEAP SALE 清仓减价
uncountable
■when goods are offered for sale cheaply so that people will be encouraged to buy them and there will be space for new goods （货物的）清仓减价，清仓甩卖
• We bought our new carpet at a clearance sale. 我们的新地毯是在清仓大减价的时候买的。
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
NOT TOUCHING 间距
countable or uncountable
■the distance or space that is needed for one thing to avoid touching another thing 间距；间隙
• It was difficult getting the piano through the doorway because we only had a clearance of a few centimetres. 把钢琴搬过这道门很难，因为只有几厘米的余隙。
• High vehicles must take an alternative route because of low clearance under the bridge. 高大的车辆必须改走其他道路，因为桥下的净空较低。
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
OFFICIAL PERMISSION 正式的批准
uncountable
■when you have official permission for something or have satisfied the official conditions of something 批准，许可，准许
• The plane will be taking off as soon as it gets clearance. 飞机一得到许可就会起飞。
• To visit the prison, you'll need security clearance. 参观监狱需要通过安全审查。
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
CHEQUE 支票
uncountable
■the process of a cheque going from one bank to another through a central organization, so that money can be paid to the person it is owed to （支票）过户，兑现，结算
• Clearance (of a cheque) can take up to a week. （支票）过户要一个星期。
n. 清除；空隙
 - removel, liquidation

Word: shrug
Front: shrug
[ʃrʌg] (研四六雅宝 3191/2865 -2)
Back: vt. 耸肩（以表示冷淡，怀疑等）
vi. 耸肩，提高肩膀
n. 耸肩; 女式短茄克衫或前开襟毛线衫
时态：shrugged, shrugging, shrugs
分布：耸肩(97%)，不理会(3%)
→词源不详，可能最终来自 sker,弯，转，收缩，词源同 ring,curve,scrimp.
vt./n.耸肩(表示冷淡,怀疑,无奈,不满等)The smuggler shrugged to the bugler hugging the bug in the tugboat.走私者对在拖船中拥抱臭虫的号手耸耸肩.
【记】sh屎，rug地毯：你们家的地毯上有你的狗拉的sh，你只能对此表示毫无办法－耸肩
verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
 ADVANCED
■to raise your shoulders and then lower them in order to say you do not know or are not interested （表示不知道或不感兴趣）耸（肩）
• "Where's Dad?" "How should I know?" replied my brother, shrugging. “爸爸在哪里？”“我怎么知道？”哥哥耸了耸肩，答道。
• He shrugged his shoulders as if to say that there was nothing he could do about it. 他耸了耸肩，好像在说他对此无能为力。
• figurative Thousands of people are starving to death while the world shrugs its shoulders (= shows no interest or care). 成千上万的人濒于饿死，世人却无动于衷。
[ʃrʌg] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shrug sth off
NOT WORRY
■to treat something as if it is not important or not a problem 对…满不在乎；对…不予理睬
• The stock market shrugged off the economic gloom and rose by 1.5%. 股市没有受到经济不景气的影响，上涨了1.5%。
• You're a father and you can't simply shrug off your responsibility for your children. 你是一位父亲，不能推卸对孩子们的责任。
NOT KEEP
■to get rid of something unpleasant that you do not want 摆脱
• I hope I can shrug off this cold before I go on holiday. 我希望我在渡假之前能摆脱这次感冒（即希望感冒能好）。
• The city is trying to shrug off its industrial image and promote itself as a tourist centre. 这个城市正在努力摆脱其工业城市形象，力求提升其旅游中心的地位。
⇒ See also shake off at shake
[ʃrʌg] noun countable
SHOULDER MOVEMENT 肩动作
■when you shrug your shoulders to express something 耸肩
• "I'm afraid there's nothing I can do about your problem, " she said with a shrug. “恐怕我对你的问题无能为力，”她耸了耸肩说道。
• "Well, I suppose we'll just have to do what he says, " said Kim with a shrug of resignation. “哦，我想我们只能按他说的去做，”金说着，无可奈何地耸了耸肩。
[ʃrʌg] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
■a short cardigan for women （女式）短套领衫（一种女式短羊毛衫）
vt. 耸肩，耸肩表示
 - hunch

Word: washing
Front: washing
[ˈwɒʃɪŋ] (雅 8958/4128 -K1)
Back: n. 洗涤; 洗涤剂; 正在洗或待洗的衣服; 洗下的污垢
adj. 洗涤用的; 清洗用的
v. wash的现在分词
分布：洗涤(96%)，动词wash的现在分词.(4%)
US ['wɑ:.ʃɪŋ] (US also the wash)
noun uncountable
■the act of washing clothes 洗衣服
• Doing the washing is such a bore! 洗衣服可真烦人！
■clothes, sheets, etc. that need to be or have just been washed 待洗的衣物；刚洗过的衣物
• I do the washing and then I hang/peg it out in the garden. 我把衣服洗了，然后晾在花园里。
n. 洗涤；洗涤剂；要洗的衣物
 - laundrying, lavation

Word: dye
Front: dye
[daɪ] (研四六托 8956/7847 -2)
Vocabulary: dye
(once / 393 pages)
nv
Dye is a substance that's used to change the color of whatever it's applied to. You can use hair dye to change your light brown hair to deep, dark purple.
Dye is used on fabrics, hair, yarn and other fibers, clothing, and food, among other things. When you apply dye to something, you dye it. If you're baking a birthday cake for your friend who loves the color orange, you might use food coloring — a type of dye — to dye the vanilla frosting orange. The Old English root of dye is deah, "a color or hue," which is possibly related to deagol, "secret, hidden, or dark."
WORD FAMILY
dye: dyed, dyeing, dyer, dyes+/ dyed: undyed/dyeing: dyeings/dyer: dyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead of yelling about Dye’s disobedience, the captain ended up thanking him, he said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The answer isn’t hard to understand: Synthetic dyes are quicker and easier to use and they produce more colors.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In the 19th century, pastoral windmills were replaced with tanneries, limestone quarries, and dye works.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 染料，染色; 颜色
vt. 染色; 给…染色
vi. 染上或粘上（颜色）
时态：dyed, dyeing, dyes
分布：染(52%)，染料(37%)，染色(11%)
→可能来自dheu, 灰尘，烟雾，词源同dust,dull. 引申词义隐藏，遮蔽，伪装，着色，染色。词义演变比较color.
n.染料v.染,染色The lying liar lied to the dying diet maker that the tie was dyed blue.躺着的说谎者对临死的食疗制作者谎称带子染成了兰色.
verb transitive (dyeing, dyed, dyed)
■to change the colour of something using a special liquid 给…染色
• For a change, why not dye your T-shirts? 为什么不变一变把T恤染成别的颜色？
• [+ obj + adj] He's dyed his hair black. 他把头发染成了黑色。
[daɪ] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance used to change the colour of something 染料
• She dipped the material into the dye. 她把布料浸在染料中。
• There are dozens of different dyes to choose from. 可供选择的染料有数十种之多。
colour, dye, paint, stain
这组词都有“着色，染”的意思，其区别是：
colour: 普通用词，含义笼统。可指人工的着色，也可指天然的着色。
dye: 多指使用染料改变物体的颜色，如染织品或头发等。
paint: 指为装饰等目的而把油漆或涂料等物涂于物体表面。
stain: 多指用化学或其它方法使物体着色。
n. [染料] 染料；染色
 - dyeing, dyestuff
vt. 染；把…染上颜色
 - tint

Word: procedural
Front: procedural
[prə'si:dʒərəl] (8969/7363 -1)
Vocabulary: procedural
(once / 7500 pages)
adj
If you have to follow so many rules at work that it seems like nothing ever gets done, you could say that the procedural requirements of your job are getting you down. The adjective procedural describes something related to a required or standard course of action.
Legal types are probably already familiar with the word procedural, which is often used to describe matters related to the law. The Senate, for example, may cite procedural roadblocks as the reason why nothing has been accomplish in a session. So that would give the Senate something in common with your workplace: having too many rules to follow — "procedural overload" — makes things take a long time.
WORD FAMILY
procedural: procedurally+/ procedure: procedural, procedures/ proceed: procedure, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds, procession / procession: processional, processions/processional: processionally, processionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
One case with Okarche-area landowners was dismissed for procedural reasons.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Along with procedural errors, she said, she was bothered that the man’s status as a football player was injected into the proceedings.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Several months later, after a process marred by procedural errors, five different panelists convened to rule on the matter again.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 程序的; 有关程序的
分布：程序的(92%)，警察疑案作品(8%)
ADJ
程序上的；程序性的
Procedural means involving a formal procedure.
例：A Spanish judge rejected the suit on procedural grounds...一个西班牙法官基于程序上的原因驳回了诉讼。
例：The Paris talks will mainly be about procedural matters.巴黎会谈将主要围绕程序上的事宜。

Word: revolt
Front: revolt
[rɪˈvəʊlt] (研四六托雅宝 8955/6556 -2)
Vocabulary: revolt
(once / 62 pages)
1vn 2v
Revolt means to rise up against an authority in an act of rebellion. You might see an opposition group revolt against a government, or you might revolt against your oppressive 10:00 curfew.
Revolt has a noun form as well to describe that kind of rebellious uprising. Your revolt is successful if you get permission to stay out past 11:00. Revolt can also mean to disgust or sicken, either physically or in terms of your sensibilities. Your stomach may revolt at the idea of eating cauliflower again. You could combine the two meanings of revolt if you stage a revolt in the kitchen to stop from having to eat vegetables that revolt you.
WORD FAMILY
revolt: revolted, revolting, revolts, revolution +/counterrevolution: counterrevolutionary, counterrevolutionist, counterrevolutions/counterrevolutionary: counterrevolutionaries/ revolting: revoltingly/ revolution: counterrevolution, revolutionary, revolutionise, revolutionism, revolutionize, revolutions/ revolutionary: revolutionaries, revolutionarily/revolutionise: revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising/revolutionism: revolutionisms, revolutionist / revolutionist: revolutionists/ revolutionize: revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Resolving the contradictions within the government’s various positions, and preventing backbench revolts destroying its slim parliamentary majority, will be all-consuming.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Half-a-dozen revolts that he helped organise against an ossified Qing dynasty were failures.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The populist revolt highlights the need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse, to address the big questions people care about, including moral and cultural issues.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）厌恶
vi. 反叛，背叛; 厌恶，反感
n. 造反，起义
时态：revolted, revolting, revolts
分布：反抗(56%)，叛乱(33%)，反感(10%)，起反感(1%)
→来自 revolve,旋转，转动，-t,过去分词格。引申词义反抗，叛乱，起义等。
反叛(re+volt转→反过转→反叛)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
叛变,起义(re反+volt转→转反了→叛变)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
v./n.反抗,起义The voluntary revolutionaries revolted like the outbreak of volcano.志愿革命者们象火山爆发一样起义了.
【记】re反，volt转一反转一叛乱
【参】revolve（v 使旋转；循环出现）；revulsion（n 抽回；厌恶）
US [-'voʊlt] verb
FIGHT 战斗
intransitive
■If a large number of people revolt, they refuse to be controlled or ruled, and take often violent action against authority 反抗；造反；反叛
• The people revolted against foreign rule and established their own government. 人们奋起反抗外来统治，并成立了自己的政府。
UK [rɪ'vəʊlt/ UK [-'vɒlt] US [-'voʊlt] verb
UNPLEASANT FEELING 厌恶
transitive
■to make someone feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted 使厌恶；使惊骇；使反感
• We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house. 她家里又脏又乱，我们看着心里生厌。
• It revolts me to know that the world spends so much money on arms when millions are dying of hunger. 这个世界有数以百万计的人因饥饿挣扎在死亡线上，但却有那么多的钱花在军备上，这真让我感到震惊。
⇒ See also revulsion
UK [rɪ'vəʊlt/ UK [-'vɒlt] US [-'voʊlt] noun countable or uncountable
■an attempt to get rid of a government by using violence 反抗；造反；反叛
• Troops were called in to crush/put down the revolt. 军队被调来镇压叛乱。
• The army is in revolt (against its commanders). 军队叛乱（调转枪口指向了指挥官们）。
⇒ See also revolution
revolt, revenge
revolt: 造反，反抗
revenge: 报复，复仇
revolt, riot, rebellion
这组词都有“造反、叛乱、骚乱”的意思，其区别是：
revolt: 指规模相对较小的，持续时间较短，侧重对压迫或不能容忍的情况的反抗。
riot: 多指没有组织的一群人突然掀起的闹事。也可指暴乱或暴动。
rebellion: 通常指有组织、公开地大规模武断叛乱，着以失败而告终。
revolt, resist, rebel
revolt: 反叛，造反，反对，反抗；
resist: vt. 抵抗，反抗，一般为褒义；
rebel: 造反，反叛，贬义
vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶
 - strive against, come out against
vt. 使反感；使恶心
 - sicken
n. 反抗；叛乱；反感
 - resistance, hate, rebellion

Word: factual
Front: factual
[ˈfæktʃuəl] (托宝 8973/6575 -1)
Vocabulary: factual
(once / 7243 pages)
adj
If something is factual, it can be proven, like your mother's story about the bear that is factual because she took a picture of it standing next to the family car.
Something factual is real. It is based in fact, meaning it can be proven, repeated or observed. In fact, fact is the root of the word factual, from the Latin word factum, meaning "event, occurrence." The factual part of a story is the part that really happened — the rests gets more outlandish and make-up every time someone tells it. Evidence makes something factual.
WORD FAMILY
factual: counterfactual, factuality, factually, factualness+/counterfactual: counterfactuality
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he did assert that some recent published reports about him contained factual errors.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s based on a factual record of where the world is today and what is our obligation under our mission.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
That modifier “fake,” to put the point slightly differently, suggests that non-“fake” news must be conversely genuine, truthful, factual.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 事实的，真实的; 根据事实的; 确凿的
分布：事实的(64%)，真实的(36%)
adjective
■using or consisting of facts 事实的；真实的
• She gave a clear, factual account of the attack. 她如实地清晰陈述了遇袭经过。
real, authentic, genuine, true, actual, factual
这组词都有“真的，真实的，实在的”的意思，其区别是：
real: 普通用词，含义较广，有时可与actual和genuine换用。指一切真实的或 表面看不出虚假的事物。
authentic: 常可与genuine换用，指与事实完全相符，强调准确可靠。
genuine: 普通常用词，指真正的，货真价实的，强调非人为或非虚假的。
true: 指同实际情况或标准完全一致。口语中多用。
actual: 指事物的实际存在，并非出自主观臆造。
factual: 与actual同义，但更测重根据事实，不扩大或缩小，不渲染。
adj. 事实的；真实的
 - actual, sincere, true, real, positive

Word: pamphlet
Front: pamphlet
[ˈpæmflət] (研六托雅宝 8959/6888 -1)
Vocabulary: pamphlet
(once / 493 pages)
n
A pamphlet is a little booklet with a soft (usually paper) cover that briefly addresses a particular subject of interest.
The word pamphlet comes from Pamphilet, from a Latin love poem that was popular in the 12th century. “Pamphilus,” the original Latin title, means “loved by all.” When the printing press came along in the 15th century, pamphlets became a good way to publicize your ideas — they were relatively cheap and you could print lots of them. They’re still used in political campaigns, and sometimes armies distribute pamphlets when they’re trying to communicate with people across a wide area.
WORD FAMILY
pamphlet: pamphleteer, pamphlets+/pamphleteer: pamphleteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
I remember a pamphlet that the government issued that told people what a tourist was, what you did with a tourist.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The last step is to shelve the books and find the proper storage for the pamphlets, which need acid-free envelopes and boxes for long-term storage.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
In 2013, New Directions published “Two American Scenes,” a poetry pamphlet, for which each writer contributed a piece based on obscure nineteenth-century American texts.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 小册子; 活页文选
分布：小册子(100%)
→来自希腊语pamphilos,众人所爱，来自pan-,众，所，philos,爱，词源同philosophy.现词义来自中世纪的一首爱情诗”Pamphilus,seu de Amore”，大意是“众人之所爱，何为爱”，amore,爱，爱情，词源同amateur.因这首诗流传如此之广，人们用小纸片大量传抄。后引申词义小册子，传单。
n.小册子According to the pamphlet, the current in the amplifier can be amplified to 3 amperes.根据小册子,在放大器里的电流可以被放大到3安培.
【记】pam＝palm（n 手掌），ph，let小－小手掌一样的小册子。
【参】leaflet（n 传单，活页）
noun countable
■a thin book with only a few pages which gives information or an opinion about something 小册子
n. 小册子
 - booklet, tract

Word: buckle
Front: buckle
[ˈbʌkl] (托雅宝 8961/11791 -1)
Vocabulary: buckle
(once / 834 pages)
1nv 2vn
A buckle is a clasp or fastener, such as the one on the end of a belt. In the old days, not only belts but also shoes had buckles.
When you fasten your belt buckle, you can say you buckle it — you also buckle your seat belt and buckle a kid's bike helmet under his chin. When the ground buckles during an earthquake, it folds or bends out of shape, and when your knees buckle, you could fall. You might also buckle under pressure or stress. The Latin root word is buccula, "cheek strap of a helmet."
WORD FAMILY
buckle: buckled, buckles, buckling, unbuckle+/unbuckle: unbuckled, unbuckles, unbuckling
USAGE EXAMPLES
SpaceX said accumulation of oxygen in a void or buckle in the liner most likely led to the explosion.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Air Force, the Federal Aviation Administration and industry experts — found “buckles,” or valleys, in the vessels’ inner liners.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it's a system that's beginning to buckle under financial pressure.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用搭扣扣紧; （使）变形，弯曲
n. 搭扣，扣环
时态：buckled, buckling, buckles
分布：弯曲(30%)，皮带扣(22%)，扣住(22%)，扣子(16%)，屈服(8%)，专心做事(2%)
→来自拉丁词bucca, 下巴，脸颊。原指系在下巴上的帽子，搭扣。来自PIE *bheu, 膨胀，鼓起来，词源同bucket.
【记】读：叭扣，叭的一声扣上。buckle up扣紧安全带
noun countable
■a piece of metal at one end of a belt or strap, used to fasten the two ends together （皮带等的）搭扣，扣环
['bʌk.l] verb
FASTEN 扣紧
intransitive or transitive
■to fasten or be fastened with a buckle 用扣环扣住
['bʌk.l] verb
BEND 弯曲
intransitive or transitive
■to bend or become bent, often as a result of force, heat or weakness 弯曲，变形
• The intense heat from the fire had caused the factory roof to buckle. 大火的高温烤得工厂的屋顶变了形。
• Both wheels on the bicycle had been badly buckled. 脚踏车的两个车轮都已严重变形。
• I felt faint and my knees began to buckle. 我感到眩晕，腿也站不直了。
['bʌk.l] verb
BE DEFEATED 被打败
buckle under sth
■to be defeated by a difficult situation 屈服于（困境）
• But these were difficult times and a lesser man would have buckled under the strain. 但当时是困难时期，脆弱的人肯定会被压力压垮。
['bʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  buckle down
■to start working hard 开始努力工作
• He'll have to buckle down (to his work) soon if he wants to pass these exams. 如果他想透过这些考试就必须马上下苦功。
vi. 扣住；变弯曲
 - button up
vt. 扣住；使弯曲
 - wind, curve

Word: discredit
Front: discredit
[dɪsˈkredɪt] (宝 8965/9585 -2)
Vocabulary: discredit
(once / 869 pages)
nv
Discredit means to cause mistrust or cast the accuracy of something into doubt. If you say that schooling is important to you, but you never study, your actions discredit you and your words.
You discredit what someone says when you choose not to believe it. You can discredit the rumors going around about your boyfriend if you are sure of his love. On a more personal level, you discredit people when you cast their authority or reputation into doubt. If you're running a tough race for class president, your opponent may try to discredit you by talking about your failures or even making up lies about you. But this would be to the discredit of your opponent — his or her own reputation would suffer for this bad behavior.
WORD FAMILY
discredit: discreditable, discredited, discrediting, discredits+/ credit: creditable, credited, crediting, creditor, credits, discredit /creditable: creditably/ creditor: creditors/discreditable: discreditably
USAGE EXAMPLES
And while the win can’t be discredited, the fashion in which it happened failed to provide much confidence.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Europe and Japan rebuilt; the Soviet Union failed; communism was discredited.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The electoral college is not only antiquated but also discredited.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使不可置信; 使被怀疑; 败坏…的名声; 拒绝相信
n. 丧失名誉，名声; 不信，怀疑; 败坏名声的人或事; 耻辱
时态：discredited, discrediting, discredits
分布：怀疑(46%)，丢脸(14%)，丧失名誉(14%)，不信(12%)，不信任(10%)，败坏…的名声(4%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。credit,信任，信誉。
不信任,怀疑(dis不+credit相信→不相信)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
【记】credit（n /v 信任，信用）
[dɪ'skred.ɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause people to stop respecting someone or believing in an idea or person 使名誉受损；使受到怀疑
• Evidence of links with drug dealers has discredited the President. 总统与贩毒分子有染的证据使他名誉扫地。
• discredited theories 受到怀疑的理论
[dɪ'skred.ɪt] formal
noun uncountable
■loss of respect for or belief in someone or something 丧失名誉、信誉
• The stupid behaviour of one pupil has brought discredit on the whole school. 一名学生的愚蠢行为让整个学校蒙羞。
• To her discredit, she never admitted her role in the scandal. 她一直不承认自己参与了这桩丑闻，这使她在人们心中的形象大打折扣。
vt. 不信；使……丢脸
 - misbelieve, disbelieve
n. 怀疑；无信用；名声的败坏
 - doubt, challenge, suspicion

Word: shore
Front: shore
[ʃɔ:(r)] (高研四六托 3244/3519 -3)
Vocabulary: shore
(once / 57 pages)
1nv 2vn
The land right at the edge of a lake, river, or ocean is called the shore. Even the bravest swimmers will head for the shore when they hear someone yell "Shark!"
The verb shore means "prop up or support," so you might shore up a house that's tilting on its foundation or shore up a failing company with an investment of money. The water's-edge shore has a Germanic root that means "cut," and experts believe that the noun shore grew either from a sense of "division between land and water," or possibly "land cut off from the mainland by marshes."
WORD FAMILY
shore: foreshore, shored, shores, shoring+/foreshore: foreshores/shoring: shorings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"I was very alarmed and sad to see such a graceful and giant rare creature lying dead on our shores," said Mr Chandran.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
Five boats and a helicopter are looking for the plane that disappeared over Lake Erie near Cleveland’s shores three days ago.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Yet even here, and in Shore’s broader role creating the musical personality of the sketch-comedy giant, is evidence of the composer’s seriousness.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 岸; 滨; 国家（尤指濒海国家）; 支柱
vt. 支撑; 支持
时态：shored, shoring, shores
分布：岸(94%)，滨(6%)
→可能来自中古低地德语 schor,海岸，海滨，来自 Proto-Germanic*skur,切，分开，来自 sker, 切，分开，词源同 shear,share.
n.海滨,湖滨We walked along the sea shore.我们沿着海岸走.
US [ʃɔ:r] noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■the land along the edge of a sea, lake or wide river （海、湖或大河的）滨，岸
• You can walk for miles along the shore. 你可以沿着海岸走上好几哩。
• The boat was about a mile from/off (the) shore when the engine suddenly died. 船离岸边还有一哩左右时引擎突然熄火了。
⇒ See also onshore;offshore
on shore
■on the land and not in a ship 在岸上
• We waited until we were on shore before repairing the sails. 我们等到上了岸才开始修帆。
shores [plural] literary
■a country or continent with a coast 临海国家（或大陆）
• In 1992, Britain played host to the first multi-racial South African team to visit these shores. 1992年，英国作为东道主邀请第一支多种族南非球队访问该国。
UK [ʃɔ:r] US [ʃɔ:r] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shore sth up
■to stop a wall or a building from falling down by supporting it with building materials such as wood or metal 支撑
• Boundary walls have had to be shored up. 边界墙须用支柱支撑。
■to strengthen or improve an organization, agreement or system that is not working effectively or that is likely to fail 改善，提高
• The new public relations manager has the difficult task of shoring up the company's troubled image. 新任公关经理面临了改善公司不良形象的艰钜任务。
shore, bank, seaside, beach, coast
这组词都有“岸”的意思，其区别是：
shore: 指紧靠大湖泊或海洋的陆地边缘或靠海的休养地。
bank: 多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
seaside: 尤指疗养地、游览地区的海边。
beach: 指倾斜度小，被海、湖或河水冲刷而有沙或卵石积存的地方。
coast: 地理学上的名词，专指被视为边界的沿海陆地的尽头。
vt. 支撑，使稳住；用支柱撑住
 - support, uphold, sustain
n. 海滨；支柱
 - leg, backbone, stay

Word: fern
Front: fern
[fɜ:n] (宝 8976/10197 -1)
Back: n. <植>羊齿植物，蕨类植物
分布：蕨(93%)，羊齿植物(7%)
→来自por-no, 羽毛，翅膀，来自per,展开，向前，词源同ford, forth.因这种植物张开的叶子而得名。
US [fɝ:n] noun countable
■a green plant with long stems, leaves like feathers and no flowers 蕨；蕨类植物
n. [植] 蕨；蕨类植物
 - Pteridophyta, filicales

Word: puzzle
Front: puzzle
[ˈpʌzl] (高研四六托雅 4255/6964 -2)
Vocabulary: puzzle
(once / 175 pages)
vn
To puzzle over something is to try to understand or solve it. Picture someone struggling with a jigsaw puzzle, trying to figure out how all those tiny pieces fit together to form an image. That person is puzzling over a puzzle!
When something puzzles you, it confuses and mystifies you. New technology might continually puzzle your grandfather, while your grandmother is quick to figure it out. When you puzzle over a difficult book or the instructions to your new TV, it's like you're trying to piece together a tricky puzzle — a challenging game or problem. The classic puzzle is a jigsaw puzzle, a picture that's split into small, oddly-shaped pieces you need to reassemble into a whole. There are also logic puzzles, crossword puzzles, and mechanical puzzles like a Rubik's Cube. If you can't figure a person out, you can also call them a puzzle.
WORD FAMILY
puzzle: puzzled, puzzlement, puzzler, puzzles, puzzling +/ puzzled: puzzledly/ puzzlement: puzzlements/ puzzler: puzzlers/ puzzling: puzzlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s some missing piece of the puzzle that we need to find right now,” Lindsay Weekes said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The online reaction to the puzzle was swift, though it seemed more people were entertained than offended.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
I set a puzzle here every two weeks on a Monday.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使迷惑，使难解
vt. & vi. 为难，伤脑筋
n. 智力测验，智力玩具; 难题; 令人费解的事[人]; 谜一般的事物
时态：puzzled, puzzling, puzzles
分布：谜(48%)，难题(33%)，迷惑(8%)，拼图游戏(6%)，苦思(3%)，使困惑(1%)，使为难(1%)
→可能来自pose,提问，发问，提出问题，-le,表反复。引申名词词义谜，谜语。
n.难题,谜,迷惑v.(使)迷惑,(使)为难Shut in the hut, I'm puzzled how to cut down the output of nuts.关在茅棚里,我为削减坚果的产量犯难.
noun
 ADVANCED only singular
■a situation which is difficult to understand 令人费解的情况；难题；谜
• Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years. 多年来科学家们一直试图解开这个谜。
 ADVANCED countable
■a game or toy in which you have to fit separate pieces together, or a problem or question which you have to answer by using your skill or knowledge 测验智力的游戏（或玩具）
• a jigsaw puzzle 智力拼图玩具
• a crossword puzzle 纵横字谜
• a puzzle book 谜语书
['pʌz.l] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to cause someone to feel confused and slightly worried because they cannot understand something, or to think hard about something in order to understand it （使）感到迷惑；（使）感到为难，（使）感到困窘
• The findings of the survey puzzle me - they're not at all what I would have expected. 调查的结果使我感到迷惑——它们根本不像我原本预料的那样。
• [+ question word] It puzzles me wh y she said that. 我想不通她为甚么那么说。
• Management are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened. 管理部门仍然对事故发生的原因感到迷惑不解。
['pʌz.l] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] puzzle sth out
■to discover or understand something by thinking hard about it 苦苦思索弄清楚
• [+ question word] I still can't puzzle out how I managed to spend so much money last month. 我现在仍想不明白上个月怎么花了那么多钱。
['pʌz.l] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  puzzle over sth
■to try to solve a problem or understand a situation by thinking carefully about it 为…绞尽脑汁，苦思冥想
• Scientists are puzzling over the results of the research on the drug. 科学家们在仔细思考这种药的研究结果。
puzzle, mystery, riddle, problem
这组词都有“谜、难题”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 语气较强，指复杂令人费解的情况或问题。
mystery: 指常人难以认识其起因或性质的奥秘，或指有意不让人理解的奥妙。
riddle: 指供人猜的谜语游戏，也可指终究会有解答的难题。
problem: 指有待探讨的疑难问题，也可指令人困惑的情况。
puzzle, confound, bewilder, perplex, confuse, distract, embarrass, baffle
这组词都有“使困惑、迷惑、糊涂、伤脑筋”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 侧重使人难于理解、困惑、伤脑筋。
confound: 常指人惊慌失措和狼狈不堪。
bewilder: 语气强烈，指因迷不解或惊愕而慌乱，不知所措，无法清醒地思考。
perplex: 除困惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，因而难于作出决定，无从下手处理。
confuse: 语气较弱，指由于混淆、混乱而糊涂。
distract: 主要用于注意力分散、思想矛盾或过分激动时产生的昏乱。
embarrass: 常指因处境或困难问题而感到窘迫、局促不安或焦急而不知所措。
baffle: 语气最强，多指遇见奇怪情景或复杂困难情况时所产生的惶恐困惑心理。
vt. 使…困惑；使…为难；苦思而得出
 - baffle, discomfit
vi. 迷惑；冥思苦想
 - contemplate
n. 谜；难题；迷惑
 - enigma, difficult problem

Word: salute
Front: salute
[səˈlu:t] (高研四六雅宝 8974/11386 -2)
Vocabulary: salute
(once / 213 pages)
1vn 2vn
A salute is a sign of respect. A soldier may salute senior officers by raising a hand to his or her head, or you may informally salute a neighbor with a tip of your hat.
Salute often has a military context, whether used as a verb or a noun. When gladiators showed up for a day’s work at the Coliseum in Ancient Rome, they had to be prepared to die in battle for the entertainment of the emperor. Beforehand, they would address the emperor with the Latin words “morituri te salutant”, which means “Those of us who are about to die salute you.” Many centuries later, the heavy metal band AC/DC would change those words to a song with a much happier sentiment: “For those about to rock, we salute you.” Rock on.
WORD FAMILY
salute: salutation, salutatory, saluted, saluter, salutes, saluting+/ salutation: salutations/saluter: saluters
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Enrollees receive large signs emblazoned with the program’s logo - a silhouette of a saluting soldier.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“This isn’t normal,” people said when white supremacists did a Nazi salute to Donald Trump during a conference on Pennsylvania Avenue.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 欢迎，致敬
vt. 向…致意; 赞扬，赞颂
vi. 致意，打招呼; 行礼
n. 致敬，欢迎; 敬礼; 举枪，举刀（礼）
时态：saluted, saluting, salutes
分布：致敬(45%)，敬礼(24%)，行礼(10%)，致意(10%)，欢迎(8%)，问候(3%)
→来自拉丁语 salutare,致意，打招呼，表达尊重或尊敬，来自 salutis,健康的，有益处的，来自
v./n.敬礼,鸣礼炮;迎接,欢迎Hostile shouts saluted their ears.怀有敌意的喊叫声传入他们耳中.
verb
SHOW RESPECT 表示尊敬
intransitive or transitive
■(especially of people in the armed forces) to make a formal sign of respect to someone, especially by raising the right hand to the side of the head （尤指军人）敬礼
• Whenever you see an officer, you must salute. 只要见到军官就必须敬礼。
• The soldiers saluted the colonel. 士兵们向上校敬礼。
[sə'lu:t] verb
PRAISE 赞扬
transitive formal
■to honour or express admiration publicly for a person or an achievement 公开赞扬，赞颂
• On this memorable occasion we salute the wonderful work done by the association. 在这个难忘的时刻，我们对协会出色的成就表示赞扬。
• We salute you for your courage and determination. 我们对你的勇气和决心致敬。
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
SHOW OF RESPECT 表示尊敬
■a gesture of respect made to someone by raising the right hand to the side of the head 敬礼
• The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it. 士兵向军官敬礼，军官回礼。
■an action, such as the firing of a gun, done to show respect to someone 致敬（如鸣礼炮等，以示对某人的尊敬）
• Full military honours and a 21-gun salute (= 21 guns fired at the same time) marked his funeral. 他的葬礼是最高规格的军葬礼，鸣21响礼炮。
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
PRAISE 赞扬
■an action or gesture to honour or show your admiration for a person or achievement 举手礼，举枪礼（一种动作或姿势，以表示尊敬某人或其成就，或表示对某人或其成就的钦佩）
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
take the salute
■When a person of high rank takes the salute, they stand and watch while soldiers march past saluting them. （高级军官在阅兵时）接受敬礼，行答礼
hail, salute, address, welcome, greet
这组词都有“欢迎、致敬，致意，招呼”的意思，其区别是：
hail: 主要指怀着敬意欢迎某人，侧重欢快轻松和嘈杂。也指隔得较远的高声招呼。
salute: 正式用词，指用敬礼、亲吻或挥帽等动作向他人致意或问候，尤指以某种礼节欢迎某人。
address: 侧重打招呼的方式或指所使用的称谓。
welcome: 多指热情的官方的或正式的迎接或欢迎，但也指一般的欢迎。
greet: 常指友好而热诚地欢迎。
n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼
 - welcome, Huanying
vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎
 - greet, be welcome to
vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼
 - say hello, touch one's hat

Word: pajamas
Front: pajamas
[pə'dʒɑ:məz] (8984/-)
Back: n. 睡衣裤
分布：睡衣(100%)
US [-'dʒæm.əz] plural noun US for pyjamas
n. 睡衣；宽长裤
 - pyjamas, pj's

Word: long-range
Front: long-range
[lɒŋ reɪndʒ] (托 -2)
Vocabulary: long-range
(once / 2635 pages)
adj
Something long-range has a long reach or can be used over long distances. A long-range missile is a weapon that travels a long way before it explodes.
Long-range aircraft can travel for many miles, and the long-range travel of many migratory birds spans nearly as large a distance. You can also use the adjective long-range to describe a large span of time, rather than distance: "My long-range plans include running for President when I'm in my fifties or sixties."
WORD FAMILY
long-range: longer-range
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his New Year message at the weekend, Mr Kim Jong-un said North Korea was close to testing long-range missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Security Council imposed sanctions for its nuclear tests and long-range rocket launches dating back to 2006.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Meanwhile, she authorised the transfer to Estonia of high-precision long-range missiles to be deployed alongside drones, tanks and RAF jets.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. （飞机、火箭等）远程的; 远大的; 长期的; 长程
分布：长期的(100%)
US ['lɑ:ŋ-] adjective [before noun]
■for a long time into the future, or across a long distance 长远的，长期的；远端的
• a long-range weather forecast 远期天气预报
• long-range missiles/bombs 远端（长程）导弹／炸弹
adj. （飞机、火箭等） [军] [航] 远程的；长期的；远大的
 - chronic, long time, standing, extended

Word: bun
Front: bun
[bʌn] (高 8967/8944 -1)
Vocabulary: bun
(once / 2178 pages)
n
A bun is a small roll, usually made of wheat flour and baked in an oven. You might bake a batch of buns for a breakfast treat on Sunday mornings.
Some people celebrate spring or the Easter holidays by making hot cross buns, sweet rolls with currants or raisins and light frosting. Because buns are commonly small and round, the hairstyle that involves a tight coil of hair on the top or back of the head is also called a bun. The origin is probably the French buignete, "a fritter," which had the unpleasant original meaning of "a boil" or "a skin swelling."
WORD FAMILY
bun: buns
USAGE EXAMPLES
You break off a piece of the meat, top it with a bit of the salty greens, and tuck it into a fluffy bun.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The thick slices of overnight-smoked brisket in the Stacked sandwich are tender enough to chew through without dragging the whole pile off the bun.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The adorable cherubic face of the Honey Bun Baby brought us one of the sweetest memes of 2016.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 圆形的小面包或点心; （女子的）圆发髻; 酒宴，闹饮; 〈英方〉尾巴
分布：小面包(67%)，圆发髻(33%)
→拟声词，原指头上被敲出的肿块。后词义戏剧般的指代各种圆形小物体。如小面包，圆发髻，屁股，兔子等。
noun
FOOD 食物
countable
■a small, sweet, usually round cake 小圆面包；小圆甜蛋糕
• a currant bun 葡萄干小圆面包
countable mainly US
■a small round piece of bread, especially one which is cut horizontally and holds a burger 小圆面包；（尤指）汉堡包
• a hamburger bun 一个用来做汉堡的面包
[bʌn] noun
HAIRSTYLE 发式
countable
■a woman's hairstyle where the hair is brought together into a round shape at the back of the head 圆发髻
• She wore her hair in a bun. 她将头发挽成一个圆发髻。
[bʌn] noun
BOTTOM 臀部
countable usually plural mainly US slang
■a buttock (= one side of a person's bottom) 屁股（的一半）
[bʌn] noun
have a bun in the oven old-fashioned humorous
■to be pregnant 怀孕
n. 小圆面包
 - dinner Roll, tabnab

Word: ooh
Front: ooh
[u:] (8968/1986 -2)
Back: int. （表示惊讶、欣喜、痛苦等）嚯，呵
分布：噢(100%)
exclamation
■an expression of surprise, pleasure, approval, disapproval or pain （表示惊讶、高兴、赞成、不赞成或痛苦）啊
• Ooh, what a lovely dress! 啊，多漂亮的裙子！
• Ooh, yes, that would be nice! 啊，是吗，那就太好了！
• Ooh, that's a bit unkind! 哎哟，那可有点太残忍了！
[u:] verb intransitive
ooh and aah informal
■to express admiration （表示钦佩）发出“噢”“啊”之声
• We watched the fireworks, oohing and aahing with everyone else. 我们观看着焰火，跟着人们一起发出“噢”“啊”的惊叹声。

Word: Judaism
Front: Judaism
[ˈdʒuːdeɪˌiz(ə)m] (7872/13105 -1)
Back: n. 犹太教；犹太主义；（总称）犹太人
分布：犹太教(57%)，犹太主义(26%)，犹太教徒(17%)
→Judah,犹大，-ism,主义，思想，宗教。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the religion of the Jewish people, based on belief in one God and on the laws contained in the Torah and Talmud 犹太教
n. 犹太教；（总称）犹太人；犹太主义
 - Israel, Jew-dom

Word: inscription
Front: inscription
[ɪnˈskrɪpʃn] (宝 8978/7849 -1)
Vocabulary: inscription
(once / 381 pages)
1n 2n
Inscription is a fancy word for “writing” — the act of writing or a small bit of writing. You weren't excited when you received the card, but the inscription inside made you weep with emotion. Here, have a tissue.
You can see the word script in inscription which can help you remember its meaning. You might find an inscription on a gravestone, on a locket, on a cufflink, or in a book. You were excited to see the inscription dedicating your friend's novel to you, until you fell asleep before page 10. Then you weren't sure what to say.
WORD FAMILY
inscription: inscriptions+/ inscribe: inscribed, inscribes, inscribing, inscription
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compounding his images — urgent, bold, often hallucinatory — are headlong inscriptions that mix original writing and material borrowed from authors spanning centuries.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The whole thing is more like the compulsive re-enactment of a trauma than the inscription of a fond reminiscence.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The awning bears the inscription “konditorei” — bakery in German, the language and ethnicity of the shop’s founders.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （作者）题词; 献词; 碑文; 证劵持有人的登记
分布：铭文(60%)，题字(25%)，碑铭(15%)
→来自inscribe,题，刻，引申词义铭文，碑文。
铭刻;碑文(in+script+ion)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
noun countable
■words that are written or cut in something 题辞；铭文
• The inscription read 'To darling Molly. Christmas 1904.' 题词为“献给亲爱的莫莉。1904年圣诞节。”
• The inscriptions on the gravestones were worn away. 墓碑上的碑文已经消蚀了。
n. 题词；铭文；刻印
 - epigraph, mintage

Word: waiting
Front: waiting
[ˈweɪtɪŋ] (6078/5576)
Back: n. 等候; （宫廷中的）侍奉; 侍女; 侍奉期间
adj. 等待的; （尤指因迟到）让人等候; 服侍的; （用于告诉某人立刻行动）你还在等什么呢
v. 等候( wait的现在分词 ); 等待; （尤指长期地）希望; 盼望
分布：等候(79%)，等候的(18%)，动词wait的现在分词.(3%)
VERB
等待;等候
When you wait for something or someone, you spend some time doing very little, because you cannot act until that thing happens or that person arrives.
例：I walk to a street corner and wait for the school bus...我走到街角等校车。
例：Stop waiting for things to happen. Make them happen...不要坐等事情发生。要创造条件让它们发生。
N-COUNT
等待;等待的时间
A wait is a period of time in which you do very little, before something happens or before you can do something.
例：...the four-hour wait for the organizers to declare the result.组织者宣布结果之前长达4小时的等待
VERB
准备妥当;可获得;可使用
If something is waiting for you, it is ready for you to use, have, or do.
例：There'll be a car waiting for you...会有辆汽车等你。
例：When we came home we had a meal waiting for us...我们到家时，有一顿美餐正等着我们享用。
VERB
延缓;推迟;搁置
If you say that something can wait, you mean that it is not important or urgent and so you will deal with it or do it later.
例：I want to talk to you, but it can wait...我想和你谈谈，但可以晚点再说。
例：Any changes will have to wait until sponsors can be found.任何改变都要等找到赞助商之后再作决定。
VERB
(用于鼓励或威胁)等着
You can use wait when you are trying to make someone feel excited, or to encourage or threaten them.
例：If you think this all sounds very exciting, just wait until you read the book...如果你觉得所有这些听起来令人兴奋，那就等着去读这本书吧。
例：As soon as you get some food inside you, you'll feel more cheerful. Just you wait.吃点儿东西你就会打起精神的。等着瞧吧。
VERB
(用于打断讲话)等一下，慢着
Wait is used in expressions such as wait a minute ,wait a second, and wait a moment to interrupt someone when they are speaking, for example because you object to what they are saying or because you want them to repeat something.
例：'Wait a minute!' he broke in. 'This is not giving her a fair hearing!'“等一下，”他插嘴说，“这没有给她一个公平的解释机会！”
VERB
服务;服侍;招待
If an employee waits on you, for example in a restaurant or hotel, they take orders from you and bring you what you want.
例：There were plenty of servants to wait on her...有很多仆人服侍她。
例：Each student is expected to wait at table for one week each semester.每学期每个学生都要在餐厅服务一周。
PHRASE
等不及;迫不及待;渴望
If you say that you can't wait to do something or can hardly wait to do it, you are emphasizing that you are very excited about it and eager to do it.
例：We can't wait to get started...我们迫不及待地想开始。
例：It's gonna be great. I can hardly wait...那一定很棒。我都等不及了。
CONVENTION
(让人在命令下达前勿提前做某事)等一等
You say 'wait for it' to stop someone from doing something too soon because you have not yet given them the command to do it.
例：Arms bend. Arms upward. Wait for it. Stretch.手臂弯曲。手臂上举。保持一下。伸展。
PHRASE
(表示接下来要说的内容非常有趣或令人惊奇)注意了，听好了
You can use 'wait for it' to indicate that you are about to say something that is amusing or surprising.
例：A cool $500,000 is to be spent on obtaining genuine 17th-century air from the inside of, wait for it, an occupied lead coffin.将花费整整50万美元获取货真价实的17世纪的空气，注意了，是从一个内有尸体的铅制棺材里获得。
PHRASE
等着瞧;等等看
If you tell someone to wait and see, you tell them that they must be patient or that they must not worry about what is going to happen in the future because they have no control over it.
例：We'll have to wait and see what happens.我们只好等等看将会发生什么。
例：...a wait-and-see attitude.观望态度
PHRASE
(表示催促)你还等什么呢？
If you say to someone 'What are you waiting for?' you are telling them to hurry up and do something.
例：Well, what are you waiting for? Do I have to ask you for a kiss?那你还等什么呢？难道要我求你吻我吗？
n. [计] 等待；服侍
 - service, noop
v. [计] 等待；伺候（wait的ing形式）；延缓
 - awaiting

Word: oriental
Front: oriental
[ˌɔ:riˈentl] (研四六托雅 8982/7045 -2)
Back: adj. 东方的; 东方人的; 东方文化的; 优质的
n. 东方人; 东亚人
分布：东方的(51%)，东方人(34%)，东方人的(13%)，优质的(2%)
东方人a.东方的;亚洲的(orient+al)[ori,orig=rise,begin,表示"升起,开始"]
a.东方的,东方诸国的n.东方人The Oriental is proficient in the ingredients.东方人对成分熟练.
ADJ
东方的，东亚的（尤指中国和日本的）
Oriental means coming from or associated with eastern Asia, especially China and Japan.
例：There were Oriental carpets on the floors.地上铺的是来自东方的地毯。
例：...oriental food.东方食物
N-COUNT
东方人（尤指中国人或日本人）（可能具冒犯意味）
Some people refer to people from eastern Asia, especially China or Japan as Orientals. This use could cause offence.
例：The Orientals use no butter. They prefer the very healthful peanut oil.东方人不吃黄油，他们更喜欢对健康非常有益处的花生油。
adj. 东方的；东方人的
 - eastern
n. 东方人
 - eastern

Word: clasp
Front: clasp
[klɑ:sp] (研四六雅宝 8998/7433 -1)
Vocabulary: clasp
(once / 203 pages)
1vn 2nv
A bracelet is held together by a clasp. A girl who gets a nice one from her boyfriend might clasp her arms around him. A clasp is a fastener. To clasp is to hold tightly.
In all uses of the word, clasp means to hold together tightly. You want your bracelet or belt clasp to be strong so it doesn't come apart. And when you take a child on a walk across a busy intersection, you clasp their hand tightly. The word is not related to the word clap, but if you clap your hands together, then keep them there, you turn a clap to a clasp.
WORD FAMILY
clasp: clasped, clasping, clasps, unclasp+/unclasp: unclasped, unclasping, unclasps
USAGE EXAMPLES
My left hand dictates the steering wheel, while my right hand is clasped to Becca’s manicured fingers.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
One drunken man clasped her closer to him as she tried to wriggle free.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Right or wrong?” he said as she clasped her hands over her mouth in embarrassment.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 扣钩，扣环; 握紧; 拥抱
vt. & vi. 扣住; 紧拥; 紧握
时态：clasped, clasping, clasps
分布：钩(33%)，扣子(18%)，紧握(18%)，扣紧(14%)，握手(13%)，密切合作(4%)
→词源同clam,clamp,clip.
n.扣子,钩子;握手v.扣住,钩住;紧握,紧抱The wagging wasp grasps the crisp clasp for a gasp.摇摆的黄蜂抓住脆钩喘息.
【记】源于clap（拍手，拍）：扣子就是把两片布拍在一起。
US [klæsp] verb transitive
■to hold someone or something firmly in your hands or arms 抱紧；握紧；抓紧；攥紧
• He was clasping the vase tightly, terrified of dropping it. 他紧紧抱住花瓶，生怕把它摔了。
• Lie on your back, clasp your knees and pull them down towards your chest. 仰卧，抱紧双膝，并拉向胸前。
• She clasped her son in her arms. 她把儿子紧紧抱在怀里。
UK [klɑ:sp] US [klæsp] noun
only singular
■a tight hold with your hand or arms 紧抱；紧握；紧抓；紧攥
• She held the child's hand in a firm clasp as they crossed the road. 过马路时，她紧紧握着孩子的手。
countable
■a small metal device which is used to fasten a belt, bag or a piece of jewellery （皮带、手提包或首饰的）钩子，扣子，扣环
grasp, clasp, catch, grip
grasp: 指用手、牙等抓住或咬住
clasp: 握紧，攥（在手中）
catch: 指用手接住（运动着的物体），捉住，捕获
grip: 紧抓，紧握，用于被动时指吸引某人的注意力
grasp, grab, clasp, seize, take, clutch, grip, snatch
这组词都有“抓住，握紧”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 指紧紧抓住、抓牢。
grab: 指粗暴而急迫的抓住。
clasp: 指用手紧握或用臂紧抱。
seize: 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作。
take: 最普通用词，不带感情色彩。指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物。
clutch: 强调匆忙、紧急地抓、抓紧。
grip: 语气比grasp强，指用手的最大力量紧紧抓住。
snatch: 指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。
n. 扣子，钩子；握手
 - handshake, shake-hands
vt. 紧抱；扣紧；紧紧缠绕
 - press, button
vi. 扣住
 - buckle, button up

Word: mitigate
Front: mitigate
[ˈmɪtɪgeɪt] (托雅宝 8991/11489 -1)
Vocabulary: mitigate
(once / 975 pages)
v
Choose the verb mitigate when something lessens the unpleasantness of a situation. You can mitigate your parents' anger by telling them you were late to dinner because you were helping your elderly neighbor.
The somewhat formal verb mitigate comes from the Latin roots mītis "soft" and agere "to do/act," which add up to "to soften." It is often used with words that indicate an outcome or something harmful. When you buy car insurance, you are trying to mitigate the risks involved with driving. Sunscreen is used to mitigate the effects of the sun on your skin.
WORD FAMILY
mitigate: mitigable, mitigated, mitigates, mitigating, mitigation, mitigative, mitigatory+/mitigable: unmitigable/ mitigated: unmitigated / mitigation: mitigations/unmitigable: unmitigably/ unmitigated: unmitigatedest, unmitigatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The document was intended to help companies mitigate Russian hacking and report any suspicious activity to the government.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Because evidence of mitigating factors is supposed to be reserved for the penalty phase, Judge Gergel allowed him little leeway.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On Wednesday, the senator’s office released the responses it received from both companies, responses that largely focused on efforts already in place to mitigate discrimination.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使缓和，使减轻; 使平息
vi. 减轻，缓和下来
时态：mitigated, mitigating, mitigates
分布：减轻(81%)，缓和(19%)
→来自拉丁语mitigare,成熟，变软，温顺，来自mitis,成熟的，柔软的，-ig,做，词源同agent.引申词义减轻，缓和。
【记】miti＝mite小，gate－减轻mit麻省理工，I，gate门：MIT的大门突然向你敞开－你们现在紧张的心情就会缓和减轻。
【反】exacerbate（v 恶化；使加剧）
US ['mɪtˌ-] formal
verb transitive
■to make something less harmful, unpleasant or bad 使缓和；减轻（危害等）
• It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island. 人们还不清楚如何减低旅游业对这个岛屿的影响。
vt. 使缓和，使减轻
 - comfort, obtund
vi. 减轻，缓和下来
 - to alleviate, ease off

Word: freak
Front: freak
[fri:k] (雅宝 8971/13904 -2)
Vocabulary: freak
(once / 1116 pages)
1n 2v
Freak is a not-so-nice noun that refers to either a person who expresses such an intense obsession with something that it resembles addiction, or a person or animal that is monstrous and deformed.
Synonyms for freak, when used to describe something or something abnormal, include anomaly, chimera, misshape, and oddity. Weirdo is slang for freak, and regular is its antonym. People who ardently adore a particular type of music, like heavy metal, or who have many piercings or identify with a subculture, are often labeled freak. A freak occurrence, on the other hand, is not necessarily a bad thing, but connotes something irregular or unexpected. A freak of nature can lead to thunder-snow, and a freak accident can lead to, well, a missing ear or toe.
WORD FAMILY
freak: freaked, freaking, freakish, freaks+/freakish: freakishly, freakishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
My point is, in 2016 we even saved the freaking whales!
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“He’s a freak athlete,” sophomore offensive lineman Ryan Bates said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I was with my wife and she said, “Do you see how God just got stuck into this whole freaking night?”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 反常的事; 突然的念头; 怪异物; [俚]吸毒（成瘾）者；颓废派成员；性变态者
vi. 胡闹，开玩笑; 行事任性怪诞; [美国俚语]（尤指在服用迷幻药后）变得极度兴奋; [俚语]（像吸过毒似的）行为反常
vt. 激怒; [俚语]使采取不合常规的生活方式; [俚语]使处于幻觉剂影响之下
时态：freaked, freaking, freaks
分布：怪人(34%)，狂热爱好者(18%)，奇异的(14%)，怪事(10%)，反复无常(8%)，在药物影响下变得异乎寻常(4%)，使强烈反应(震惊(4%)，畏惧)(4%)，不正常的(4%)
→词源不详。
【记】骨头随便free break（n 断裂）是一种freak有一个freak可以break钢板
noun
STRANGE 奇怪的
countable
■a thing, person, animal or event that is extremely unusual or unlikely and not like any other of its type 怪物；奇物；怪人；另类
• I was born with black hair all over my back, like some sort of freak. 我天生背上就全是黑毛，像个怪物。
• The pearl, valued at £75 000, is so big that it has been described as a freak of nature. 这颗价值7.5万英镑的珍珠个头很大，被称为自然界的奇物。
• humorous At my school you were regarded as a freak if you weren't interested in sport. 在我所在的学校，不爱好体育就会被视为异类。
[fri:k] noun
ENTHUSIASTIC PERSON 热情的人
a health/computer/surf, etc. freak informal
■someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject or activity 保健／电脑／冲浪等迷
[fri:k] verb intransitive or transitive informal
■to become or cause someone to become extremely emotional （使）极度激动
• My parents freaked when I told them I was pregnant. 我告诉父母自己怀孕后，他们非常兴奋。
• He freaked out when he heard he'd got the job. 他听到自己得到了那份工作后欣喜若狂。
• This song just freaks me out whenever I hear it. 这首歌我无论甚么时候听到，都会非常兴奋。
[fri:k] adjective [before noun]
■very unusual or unexpected 不寻常的，怪异的
• She was crushed in a freak (= very unlikely) accident in a cave in France. 她在一宗离奇的事故中被压死在法国的一个山洞里。
• A freak whirlwind has destroyed over 20 caravans in west Wales. 在威尔士西部，一阵反常的旋风摧毁了20多辆篷车。
n. 怪人，怪事；畸形人；反复无常
 - put, odd
adj. 奇异的，反常的
 - abnormal, fantastic, funny, bizarre

Word: stepfather
Front: stepfather
[ˈstepfɑ:ðə(r)] (8985/12827 -1)
Back: n. 继父
分布：继父(100%)
继父[step-表示"后,继或前夫(妻)所生"]
US [-ðɚ] noun countable
■the man who is married to someone's mother but who is not their real father 继父
n. 继父
 - father-in-law

Word: damn
Front: damn
[dæm] (研六宝 4414/6565 -2)
Vocabulary: damn
(once / 196 pages)
nadjvadv
Damn is a common, somewhat naughty exclamation. In one sense it means to condemn or send someone to hell, as in "God damn it!" Other times it means "a little amount," as in "I don't give a damn about baseball."
People can give a damn, damn others to hell, and complain about the damn weather. Some religious people believe their sins could damn them to an eternity of torment and hellfire. You should be careful when peppering your speech with damn, as it might offend some ears. But sometimes damn can be used positively, as in "They make the best damn pizza in town!"
WORD FAMILY
damn: damnable, damnation, damnatory, damned, damnedly, damning, damningly, damns+/damnable: damnablest, damnably/ damnation: damnations/damned: damnedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Which is what Gruden is saying all along about the Cardinals, record be damned.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“It’s not presidential when the president calls up the head of a damn air-conditioning company, but it’s so much fun for me.”
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“They cried every damn take of that scene,” he says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adv. 非常; （表示厌烦）该死; 讨厌; 十足
vt. 诅咒; 谴责，指责; 使…失败; [永世受罚，定罪
vi. 诅咒; 咒骂
n. 一点也不，丝毫
adj. 该死的; （表示厌烦）可恶的
时态：damned, damning, damns
分布：该死(35%)，该死的(25%)，诅咒(10%)，非常(9%)，讨厌(9%)，可恶的(5%)，丝毫(4%)，使失败(1%)，极其(1%)，批评(1%)
→来自拉丁语damnum, 损失，伤害，来自dap, 分配，献祭品。原为宗教名词，献祭，词义引申至损失，伤害，或诅咒，可能体现了古人对神既敬畏又反感的复杂心理。参照电影《诸神之战》。
int.该死v.遣责,指责,下地狱I don't care a damn if you like me or not.我毫不在乎你是否喜欢我.
exclamation (also damn it) (also dammit) informal
■an expression of anger 该死，可恶，真倒楣（表示愤怒或气恼）
• Damn, I've spilt coffee down my blouse! 真倒楣，我把咖啡洒到衬衫上了！
⇒ See also goddamn
[dæm] adverb informal
■used, especially when you are annoyed, to mean 'very' （尤用于生气时）太，很，非常
• He knew damn well how much trouble it would cause. 他非常清楚它会带来多大的麻烦。
• Next time he can damn well do it himself! 下一次他自己去做吧！
• You were damn lucky not to have been killed! 你没送命可真够幸运！
damn all UK informal
■nothing 丝毫没有，甚么都没有
• I know damn all about computers. 我对电脑一窍不通。
[dæm] verb
BLAME 指责
transitive
■to blame or strongly criticize something or someone 谴责，指责
• The inquiry into the disaster damns the company for its lack of safety precautions. 这次灾难的调查报告强烈谴责该公司没有预先采取足够的安全措施。
[dæm] verb
PUNISH 惩罚
transitive usually passive
■(especially of God) to force someone to stay in hell and be punished forever （尤指上帝）惩罚，把（某人）投入地狱
• As a child she was taught that she would be damned for her sins. 她从小就受教导，有了罪过要受到惩罚。
[dæm] verb
damn you/them/it, etc. informal
■used to express anger with someone or something （表示对某人或某事物的愤怒或厌烦）讨厌，该死，可恶
• You got the last ticket - damn you, I wanted that! 你得到了最后一张票——讨厌，我也想要呢！
[dæm] verb
damn sb with faint praise
■to praise someone so slightly that it suggests you do not really admire them 有些口是心非地赞许（某人）；对（某人）明褒实眨
[dæm] adjective [before noun] (also damned) informal
■used to express anger with someone or something 该死的，可恶的，讨厌的
• Damn fool ! 该死的傻瓜！
[dæm] noun
not give/care a damn
■used as a way of saying you do not care about something, especially the annoying things that someone else is doing or saying 随便好了；毫不在乎
• He can think what he likes about me - I don't give a damn! 他对我爱怎么想就怎么想——我才不在乎呢！
vt. 谴责；罚…下地狱
 - condemn, denounce
vi. 谴责
 - accuse of, brush down
n. 一点；诅咒
 - one point, tittle
adj. 可恶的
 - abhorrent, dad-burned
adv. 非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
int. 讨厌
 - dang

Word: tidal
Front: tidal
[ˈtaɪdl] (8988/8579 -1)
Back: adj. 潮水的; 潮汐的; 由于潮水作用的; 定时涨落的
分布：潮的(90%)，潮水似的(10%)
adjective
■relating to the tide 有潮的；受潮汐影响的
• a tidal river 感潮河

Word: hardwood
Front: hardwood
[ˈhɑ:dwʊd] (8979/15396 -1)
Back: n. 硬（木）材，硬木树; 双子叶植物的木材; 双子叶树
分布：硬木(74%)，阔叶树(12%)，硬木的(6%)，硬木材(5%)，硬木制成的(3%)
US ['hɑ:rd-] noun countable or uncountable
■strong heavy wood or the tree it comes from 硬木材；硬木 Compare softwood
n. 硬木，硬木材； [植] [林] [木] 阔叶树
 - ironwood, broadleaf

Word: chronicle
Front: chronicle
[ˈkrɒnɪkl] (六 8992/7920 -1)
Vocabulary: chronicle
(once / 336 pages)
nv
To chronicle an event is to record it as it happens, and a chronicle is a record of those events. If your grandmother took the time to chronicle the details of her 1910 journey to Japan, you can read her chronicle today.
To chronicle something is to describe past or current events. Chronicle is related to chronological and comes from the Greek ta khronika, which means “annals of time.” Events are usually chronicled in the order in which they occurred. The noun chronicle is a record of things that happened — told in chronological order, like the diary you kept in elementary school. It is a chronicle of those years.
WORD FAMILY
chronicle: chronicled, chronicler, chronicles, chronicling+/chronicler: chroniclers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Houston Chronicle reports that Mayor Sylvester Turner attributes the $95 million deficit to the continued growth of the city’s pension obligations.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the middle panel, around a childhood photograph, a spiraling text in the shape of a fingerprint chronicles events in Mr. Rauschenberg’s life.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I call it ‘truck-itis,’” said Mr. Spell, the former automotive editor for The Houston Chronicle.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 编年史; 年代记; 记录
vt. 将（某事物）载入编年史; 记录
时态：chronicled, chronicling, chronicles
分布：记录(56%)，编年史(32%)，年代记(12%)
→来自词根chrono, 时间。即按时间记录的历史。
编年史(chron+icle表名词)[chron=time,表示"时间"]
US ['krɑ:.nɪ-] noun countable
■a written record of historical events 编年史；年代记；大事记
• the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 《盎格鲁－撒克逊人编年史》
• a chronicle of the French Revolution 法国大革命编年史
■part of the name of a newspaper （报纸名称）…新闻，…记事报
• the Hampshire Chronicle 《汉普郡记事报》
UK ['krɒn.ɪ.kl] US ['krɑ:.nɪ-] verb transitive
■to make a record or give details of something 记述，纪录（大事）；把…载入编年史
• The book chronicles the writer's coming to terms with his illness. 这本书记述了作者慢慢学会忍受自己病痛的前后过程。
n. 编年史，年代记；记录
 - page, register
vt. 记录；把…载入编年史
 - register, to record

Word: swarm
Front: swarm
[swɔ:m] (研四六托雅宝 8983/12158 -1)
Vocabulary: swarm
(once / 342 pages)
nv
A swarm is a good word for a large group of bees going on the attack — not good news. Like bees, any group of people or animals can be considered a swarm if they act together and quickly — even fiercely.
On a hot day, when an ice-cream truck shows up, it's usually greeted by a swarm of hot, hungry kids. People at a concert can be a swarm — and people in the swarm can be hurt, because there's lots of pushing and shoving. When tickets for a popular movie go on sale, a swarm of people will swarm the theater. As you can see, swarm works as either a noun or verb, and people could teach bees a thing or two about swarming.
WORD FAMILY
swarm: swarmed, swarming, swarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In late September, one such swarm began in the northern Brawley Seismic Zone, with three measuring above magnitude 4.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No injuries or damage were reported Sunday following what seismologists call a “swarm” of quakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was the tone-setting play on a night when Maryland’s swarming help defense forced 17 turnovers and compensated for a lack of height.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂群，一大群
vi. 泛滥，挤满; 云集，涌往; 成群地移动或出现; 成群飞离蜂巢，用于蜜蜂
时态：swarmed, swarming, swarms
分布：群(88%)，蜂群(6%)，云集(4%)，充满(2%)
→来自古英语 swearm,嗡嗡声，来自 Proto-Germanic*swarmaz,嗡嗡声，来自 swer,蜂鸣声， 耳语声，拟声词，词源同 absurd.
n.蜂群;一大群vi.涌往;挤满;云集;成群移动On the far farm the army's arms are kept warm by a swarm of bees.在远方的农场上,陆军的武器被一群蜜蜂保暖.
【记】a swarm of worms 一群虫子。
【参】swarm up（v 爬上）
US [swɔ:rm] noun
countable
■a large group of insects all moving together （一起移动的）一大群（昆虫）
• a swarm of bees/wasps/ants/locusts 一大群蜜蜂／黄蜂／蚂蚁／蝗虫
• The dead sheep was covered with swarms of flies. 这头死羊身上爬满一群群的苍蝇。
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of people all moving together （蜂涌的）一大群（人）
• A swarm of /Swarms of journalists followed the film star's car. 成群结队的记者跟在这位电影明星的车后。
UK [swɔ:m] US [swɔ:rm] verb intransitive
■When insects swarm, they come together in a large group. 蜂涌，群集，成群结队地移动
■When people swarm somewhere, they move there in a large group or in large numbers （人）蜂涌，涌动
• After the game, thousands of football fans swarmed onto the pitch. 比赛后，成千上万的足球迷涌进球场。
UK [swɔ:m] US [swɔ:rm] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  swarm with sth
■If a place is swarming with people or things, there are large numbers of them moving around it 挤满，充满，云集
• The garden is swarming with wasps. 花园里到处都是黄蜂。
• Something must be going on - the town is swarming with police. 肯定发生了甚么事情——镇上来了很多员警。
herd, swarm, flock
这组词都有“群”的意思，其区别是：
herd: 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。
swarm: 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。
flock: 主要指鸟群、羊群；也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。
band, mob, masses, gang, swarm, group, throug, crowd
这组词都有“群，帮，伙”的意思，其区别是：
band: 多指一群有明确宗旨，为共同目的而结合在一起的人，常含贬义。
mob: 指无组织、乱七八糟凑合在一起的乌合之众，或指聚集在一起寻衅滋事的人群，多为暴徒。
masses: 指群众或人民大众。
gang: 常指从事非法、暴力或敌对活动的帮派或团伙。有时呈中性，词义同group。
swarm: 指人数众多，杂乱无章，不停移动的一群人。
group: 普通用词，通常指有组织、有秩序的一群人，也可指无意汇集在一起的一群人。
throug: 书面用词，意义接近crowd，侧重密集地挤在一起的一群，含挤在一起向前推进之意。
crowd: 常指无组织地乱哄哄地挤在一起的人群。
vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集
 - burst at the seams, be packed with
n. [蜂] 蜂群；一大群
 - cloud, horde
vt. 挤满；爬
 - climb, burst at the seams

Word: asbestos
Front: asbestos
[æsˈbestəs] (9006/12435 -1)
Vocabulary: asbestos
(once / 5460 pages)
n
Asbestos is a fibrous mineral used mainly in making fireproof material. Inhaling asbestos can cause health problems such as lung cancer.
Have you ever heard about people removing asbestos from a building? That's because this material — which is a fibrous amphibole used because it's fireproof — has been found to be very bad for people's health when inhaled. If you inhale bits of asbestos, which flake off over time, you could get lung cancer, a disease caused asbestosis, or other respiratory problems. Like a lot of things, it took time for people to realize asbestos was doing more harm than good.
WORD FAMILY
asbestos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those corporate NY City lawyers badgered her about being only a high school graduate with no knowledge that asbestos was deadly.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Prosecutors in that case said the workers weren’t properly protected from asbestos.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Asbestos was declared a human carcinogen by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1987.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 石棉
adj. 石棉制的，含石棉的
分布：石棉(100%)
→来自希腊语。前缀a-, 不能，没有。sbestos, 抑制。古义指生石灰。后植物学家Pliny错误的用来指石棉，而实际上石棉是一种高度不可燃物质，如广泛应用于空气净化电除尘器的外保温材料等。
US [-tɑ:s] noun uncountable
■a soft greyish-white material that does not burn, and which was used, especially in the past, in buildings, clothing, etc. as a protection against fire, and as a form of insulation (= way of stopping heat from escaping) 石棉
n. [矿物] 石棉
 - fossil flax, mountain leather

Word: mixer
Front: mixer
[ˈmɪksə(r)] (六 8987/12301 -1)
Back: n. 搅拌器; 混合器; 调音师
分布：混频器(54%)，搅拌器(30%)，调酒用的饮料(8%)，声音混合操作员(4%)，交际家(4%)
→来自mix,搅拌。
US [-sɚ] noun
MACHINE 机器
countable
■a machine which mixes substances 搅拌器
• a cement mixer 水泥搅拌机
• an electric (food) mixer 电动（食物）搅拌器
UK ['mɪk.sər] US [-sɚ] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable
■a drink which does not contain alcohol and which can be mixed with an alcoholic drink, especially a spirit (= strong alcoholic drink) 调酒用的饮料
• We have ginger ale, tonic water and various other mixers. 我们有姜汁汽水、奎宁水和其他各种调酒饮料。
UK ['mɪk.sər] US [-sɚ] noun
SOCIALIZE 交际
a good/bad mixer
■someone who is good/bad at socializing 善于／不善于交际的人
• You get to know lots of people at college if you're a good mixer. 如果你善于交际，在大学里会认识许多人。
■US old-fashioned
■a party or dance which has been organized so that people in a group can get to know each other （旨在让人们互相认识的）舞会，派对
• The school always holds a mixer on the second week of the term. 学校总是在学期的第二周举行舞会。
n. [电影] [广播] [电子] [地物] [通信] 混合器； [机] 搅拌器；混频器
 - commingler, hybrider

Word: citrus
Front: citrus
[ˈsɪtrəs] (8980/19560 -1)
Vocabulary: citrus
(once / 5000 pages)
n
Oranges, grapefruits, lemons, and limes: all of these are fruits that belong to the citrus family. They share similar kinds of pulp, thick rinds, and the fact that they grow well in warm climates.
If you live in Florida, then you know about citrus. Most of the country's oranges and other citrus come from Florida, with California a close second. But oranges aren't the only citrus fruits. There are lemons, limes, grapefruits, just to name just a few. You can recognize a citrus fruit by its brightly colored, thick, and peelable rind. Citrus fruits are juicy and pulpy and make for a great breakfast. Not for me, though. All the acid in citrus makes my stomach upset.
WORD FAMILY
citrus: citrous
USAGE EXAMPLES
She previously won the competition’s student division in 2014 with her citrus seared duck breast with herb goat cheese dish.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Some other things to watch in the Citrus Bowl matchup between LSU and Louisville:
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Petrino did not identify the players during a Friday news conference previewing the No. 15 Cardinals’ Citrus Bowl game against No. 19 LSU.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [植]柑橘属果树; 柠檬，柑橘
分布：柑橘属果树(75%)，柑橘属果实(25%)
→来自拉丁语citrus,橘树，柠檬树。进一步词源不详，可能来自cedar,雪松。
['sɪt.rəs] (plural citrus or citruses)
noun countable
■any of a group of plants which produce acidic (= containing acid) fruits with a lot of juice 柑橘类果树
• The field was planted with citrus trees. 土地上种着柑橘树。
• Oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit are types of citrus fruit. 柳橙、柠檬、酸柳橙和葡萄柚属于柑橘属水果。

Word: groundwater
Front: groundwater
[ˈgraʊndwɔ:tə(r)] (8970/13397)
Back: n. 地下水
分布：地下水(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
地下水
Groundwater is water that is found under the ground. Groundwater has usually passed down through the soil and become trapped by rocks.
例：The groundwater is only feet beneath the city streets.地下河距离上面的城市街道只有几英尺。
n. 地下水
 - underground water, subterranean water

Word: blockbuster
Front: blockbuster
[ˈblɒkbʌstə(r)] (8986/16586 -1)
Vocabulary: blockbuster
(once / 3605 pages)
1n 2n
A blockbuster is a Hollywood movie that's made with a large budget and big stars. A true blockbuster is extremely popular and brings in a lot of money.
Typically, a blockbuster is a fabulous summer movie that audiences line up to see the first weekend it's released. You can also call a successful play or a new, popular video game a blockbuster. Less, often, a huge bomb is a blockbuster — this is the word's original, 1940s meaning, from the fact that such a bomb could destroy an entire city block. The entertainment meaning, from the 1950s, began as theater slang.
WORD FAMILY
blockbuster: blockbusters
USAGE EXAMPLES
A companion book to the blockbuster Broadway musical.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Meanwhile, it’s still early, but most of the critically praised awards films aren’t exactly proving to be blockbuster hits, either.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
What about other characters in the blockbuster franchise?
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重磅炸弹，了不起的人或事; 大片; 风靡一时的事物
分布：大片(60%)，轰动(30%)，巨型炸弹(10%)
→block，大块。buster, 炸开，来自burst, 爆裂，字母r脱落。
US ['blɑ:kˌbʌs.tɚ] informal
noun countable
■a book or film that is very successful, especially because it is exciting （尤指因内容精彩而）非常成功的书（或影片）
• a blockbuster movie /novel 卖座钜片／风靡一时的小说
n. 轰动；巨型炸弹；一鸣惊人者
 - sensation, stir

Word: deterioration
Front: deterioration
[dɪˌtɪərɪə'reɪʃn] (宝 8990/7119)
Vocabulary: deterioration
(once / 2978 pages)
n
If something is in a state of deterioration, it's getting worse. A crumbling old house with a caved-in roof and foot-tall weeds growing through the deck is going through deterioration.
Deterioration implies that things are falling apart: something once in good condition is now weakened, worn out, or otherwise in decline. Things often undergo deterioration because of neglect. Time also has a lot to do with deterioration. Museum curators are always worried about stopping the deterioration of their prized antiquities, like the ancient Egyptian mummies that should not be exposed to air.
WORD FAMILY
deterioration: deteriorations+/ deteriorate: deteriorated, deteriorates, deteriorating, deterioration
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When you get to my age, the rate of deterioration is accelerating,” Whitlock said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Eric Chow, an oncologist at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, is leading an effort to see whether the drug prevents long-term cardiac deterioration.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Deterioration of the animals’ hearts and kidneys slowed, and they didn’t sprout tumors until later in their lives.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 恶化; 变坏; 退化; 堕落
分布：恶化(84%)，退化(15%)，变坏(1%)
VERB
恶化;变坏;衰退
If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.
例：There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war...人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。
例：The weather conditions are deteriorating...天气变得越来越糟。
n. 恶化； [生物] 退化；堕落
 - corruption, regression, degradation

Word: superior
Front: superior
[su:ˈpɪəriə(r)] (高研四六托雅 3410/3513 -K3)
Vocabulary: superior
(once / 107 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adjn 4adj
The salesman boasted to his customer that the $1 million car was well worth the price because it was far superior, meaning of higher quality, to any car that had come before it. This car, the salesman bragged, could fly.
Superior comes from the Latin word meaning above and it literally means something that is above others in quality or status. Sometimes being superior can be perceived as a negative, as in the woman who acts superior to all of her friends, having a high opinion of herself just because she has millions of dollars in the bank after winning the lottery.
WORD FAMILY
superior: superiority, superiorly, superiors+/ superiority: superiorities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is not as if the Rockets are superior to the Thunder simply because Harden is subtly winning the superstar matchup.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
By the end of the fourth quarter — actually, far earlier than that — it was clear who the superior football team was.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This contrived road-trip plot therefore becomes series of step-and-repeat awkward encounters that show how this bohemian family is morally superior to everyone else.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. （级别、地位）较高的; （在质量等方面）较好的; （数量）较多的; 上等的
n. 上级; 较好的人[事物]，优胜者; 修道院院长; 方丈
分布：上级(76%)，高傲的(9%)，高手(5%)，上好的(4%)，出众的(4%)，上层的(1%)，上标(1%)
→super-,在上，上方，-ior,比较级后缀。引申诸相关词义。
在上面的,超越的(super在上面)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
a.优良的,卓越的;上级的n.上级;长者;高手During this serious period, the superior asked the inferior a series of questions about the supermarket.在这段严肃时间内,上级问了下级一连串有关超级市场的问题.
US [-'pɪr.i.ɚ] adjective
BETTER 更好的
 IMPROVER
■better than average or better than other people or things of the same type 好于平均的，好过其他的，优越的
• This is clearly the work of a superior artist. 这显然是一位优秀艺术家的作品。
• She was chosen for the job because she was the superior candidate. 因为她比其他应征者更出色，所以她被选中做这份工作。
• For all babies, breastfeeding is far superior to bottlefeeding. 对所有的婴儿来说，喂母乳都比喂奶瓶好得多。
• The government troops were superior in numbers (= There were more of them). 政府军在人数上占优势。
Compare inferior disapproving
■describes someone who believes that they are better than other people and acts in such a way （人）高傲的，傲慢的，有优越感的
• a superior manner/smile 傲慢的态度／微笑
• I can't bear Amanda - she's so superior. 我受不了阿曼达——她太高傲。
UK [su:'pɪə.ri.ər] US [-'pɪr.i.ɚ] adjective
HIGHER 更高的
■higher in rank or social position than others 上司（的），上级（的）
• The soldier was reported to his superior officer for failing in his duties. 这个士兵失职之事被呈报到他的上级那里。
UK [su:'pɪə.ri.ər] US [-'pɪr.i.ɚ] noun countable
■a person or group of people who are higher in rank or social position than others 上司（的），上级（的）
• I will pass your complaint on to my superiors. 我会把您的投诉转达给我的上司。
adj. 上级的；优秀的，出众的；高傲的
 - ranking, lofty
n. 上级，长官；优胜者，高手；长者
 - higher-up, prefect

Word: alteration
Front: alteration
[ˌɔ:ltəˈreɪʃn] (六托 9007/4349)
Vocabulary: alteration
(once / 518 pages)
n
The pants are too long, the jacket too tight and the vest is too short. Looks like your suit is in need of some serious alteration, or adjustment.
No one knows alterations like tailors. All they do is adjust, modify and otherwise alter people's ill fitting clothes. But hemlines aren't the only things that can undergo alteration. Savvy scientists may someday make alterations to genetic sequencing — just like Dr. Jekyll underwent some serious alterations to become Mr. Hyde.
WORD FAMILY
alteration: alterations+/ alter: alterable, alteration, alterative, altered, altering, alters/ alterable: alterability, inalterable, unalterable / altered: unaltered /altering: alterings/inalterable: inalterably/ unalterable: unalterability, unalterably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
They also found hints that the alterations help women prepare for motherhood.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Michael E. Hammond, a legal adviser to the gun-rights group, said the alterations never seem to be enough for those who dislike guns.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 变化，改变; 变更
分布：改变(68%)，变更(32%)
改造,改变(alter+ation表名词)[alter,altern,ali=other,to change表示"其他的,改变状态"]
US [ˌɑ:l.tˌə-] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character or structure of something （通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化
• Several police officers are being questioned about the alteration of the documents. 因为档案被窜改一事，数名员警正接受讯问。
• The house needed extensive alterations when we moved in. 我们搬进来的时候，房子已经该大修了。
• Some alterations to our original plans might be necessary. 或许有必要对我们最初的计划作一些改动。
countable
■a change that is made to the size or shape of a piece of clothing so that it fits better （对衣服尺寸和形状的）修改
• She's getting some alterations done to her dress. 她将衣服做了些修改。
uncountable
■the process of changing something 变化（过程）
• The landscape has undergone considerable alteration. 这里的景观产生了很大变化。
fluctuate, alteration, change, modify, convert, shift（in）, alternation, alter, variations
fluctuate: 没有规律的上下波动
alteration: 强调细节的变化
change: 强调某种本质的变化
modify: “更改，修改”程度略小并有趋缓之意
convert: 用途上的改变，也作态度和信仰的变化
shift（in）: 转换，转变
alternation: 轮流，交替（take turn）
alter: 细枝末节的修改，而非脱胎换骨
variations: 指不规则的或断续的改变，或指一种东西改成了不同样式
n. 修改，改变；变更
 - modification, changing

Word: intended
Front: intended
[ɪnˈtendɪd] (8993/7021 -K)
Vocabulary: intended
(once / 82 pages)
adj
Something intended is done on purpose. The intended outcome of a meeting is the result that everyone is planning and hoping for.
A robber's intended victim is the person whose purse he means to snatch, and the intended destination of a hot air balloon is the spot where its pilot expects to land. An old-fashioned way to use this word is as a noun, meaning "fiancee" or "person I plan to marry." Intended comes from the verb intend, or "plan," from the Latin intendere, "turn one's attention" or "have as a plan."
WORD FAMILY
intended: intendedly, unintended+/ intend: intended, intending, intends, intention / intention: intentional, intentions/ intentional: intentionality, intentionally, unintentional /unintended: unintendedly/ unintentional: unintentionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Couriers may be useful if you and your intended recipient are in the same city.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The document was intended to help companies mitigate Russian hacking and report any suspicious activity to the government.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“It was originally intended to help the Cuban people by providing greater freedoms,” Ms. Quintana said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 有意的; 预期的
n. 已订婚者
v. 打算(intend的过去式和过去分词); 意指
分布：预期的(45%)，未婚妻(30%)，故意的(25%)
故意的;打算中的[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
[ɪn'ten.dɪd] old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable usually singular
■the person that you are going to marry 未婚夫；未婚妻
• I shall be there with my intended. 我将和我的意中人一起去那里。
adj. 故意的，有意的；打算中的
 - studied, designed, conscious, minded
n. 已订婚者
 - betrothed
v. 打算；准备（intend的过去分词）
 - planned, prepared

Word: grit
Front: grit
[grɪt] (雅宝 9008/12145 -1)
Vocabulary: grit
(once / 1051 pages)
1nv 2vn
Grit is a coarse, gravelly dust. If you don't rinse dried beans before you cook them, you may end up crunching grit between your teeth.
Grit is small, sandy pieces of rock or stone. Another way to use the word grit is to mean a determined, courageous attitude. If you have grit, you'll keep trying to climb a rock wall no matter how many times you slip and fall. Charles Portis's 1968 novel "True Grit" tells the story of a young girl in the 1800s who embodies this quality, persevering through extreme difficulty and struggle.
WORD FAMILY
grit: grits, gritted, gritting, gritty +/ gritty: grittier, grittiest, grittily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reynolds is a nonstop provider of joy in “Singin’ in the Rain,” just the right combination of innocence and grit.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The result is a salutary visual grit, which anchors Hurtado’s contradictorily evanescent forms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Smith’s value to a team transcends mere grit and determination.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 细沙，沙砾; <口>刚毅，坚韧; 勇气
vt. 发出轧轧声; 轧，研磨; 以沙砾覆盖（某物），撒沙砾于; 咬紧牙关
时态：gritted, gritting, grits
分布：勇气(41%)，砂砾(34%)，决心(10%)，咬紧牙关(9%)，覆以砂砾(2%)，粗砂石(2%)，发出刺耳声(2%)
→来自ghrei, 刮，擦，磨，词源同gravel, grind. 指沙粒，盐粒。
【记】读great！（口：太牛了！）如果你有决心，勇气，我就会夸你great！源于词组grin and bear（苦笑着忍受）－要紧牙关
noun uncountable
STONES 石块
■very small pieces of stone or sand 砂；沙砾；沙粒
• The road had been covered with grit. 以前这条路一直铺满沙砾。
[grɪt] noun uncountable
BRAVERY 勇敢
■bravery and determination despite difficulty 勇气；毅力
• It takes true (= real) grit to stand up to a bully. 面对一个恃强凌弱者奋起反抗确实需要勇气。
[grɪt] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
grits [plural] US
■a dish of hominy grain eaten especially as a morning meal （尤指作为早餐的）粗玉米粉，玉米子
[grɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
■to put small stones on a road or path which is covered in ice, in order to make it safer （为防滑）在（路面上）撒沙砾
• Council lorries had been out gritting the icy roads the night before. 政务委员会在第一天夜里派出卡车在结冰的路面上撒了沙砾。
[grɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
grit your teeth
■to press your top and bottom teeth together, often in anger （常指因愤怒而）咬牙切齿
• He gritted his teeth in silent fury. 他气得咬牙切齿、一言不发。
■to accept a difficult situation and deal with it in a determined way 咬紧牙关，下定决心（去应付棘手的局面）
• We had to grit our teeth and agree with their conditions because we wanted the contract. 因为我们想要拿到那份合同，就必须咬牙答应他们的条件。
vt. 研磨；在…上铺砂砾
 - pulverize, mull
n. [岩] [地质] 粗砂，砂砾
 - coarse sand, arenes

Word: vantage
Front: vantage
['vɑ:ntɪdʒ] (托宝 9005/11408)
Vocabulary: vantage
(once / 2444 pages)
n
A vantage is a really good place from which to survey a scene. You might find that the roof of the house offers an excellent vantage from which to drop water balloons on your kid brother’s head.
Vantage is a variation of advantage, but when we use vantage we’re almost always talking about a position, not just general superiority. If you had extra tutoring for a big exam, you would have the advantage over a classmate who didn’t. But if your seat for the test allowed you to see the answer sheet lying on the desk, well then you would have a superior vantage — not that you would take advantage of that, of course!
WORD FAMILY
vantage: vantages
USAGE EXAMPLES
State officials closed Interstate 90 on Sunday night between Kittitas and Vantage and planned to keep the freeway closed through the night.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From this vantage point, you’ll get whiplash as you turn right and left to see the eye-popping murals painted on the sides of high-rise buildings.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Verdict: Easily the most touristy of the three, and yet the most rewarding because of the vantage point.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 优势，有利地位
分布：优势(79%)，有利情况(21%)
n. 优势；有利情况
 - superiority, advantage, edge, dominance, predominance

Word: tow
Front: tow
[təʊ] (研六托雅 9000/9914 -2)
Back: vt. 拖，拉; 牵引
n. 拖曳的行为或情况; 被拖曳的某物; [印，纺]落纤，短麻屑
时态：towed, towing, tows
分布：拖(66%)，拉(18%)，牵引(11%)，拽(3%)，拖绳(2%)
→来自古英语 togian,拖，拉，来自 Proto-Germanic*tugojanan,拖，拉，来自 deuk,拖，拉， 词源同 duct,tie.引申诸相关词义。
vt.(用绳,链等)拖(车,船等)n.拖,牵引Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
US [toʊ] verb transitive
■to pull a car, boat, etc. along, using a rope or a chain tied to another vehicle or boat 拖，拉，牵引（车、船等）
• You shouldn't drive fast when your car is towing a caravan. 汽车在拖动活动住房时不能开快车。
• The road was closed while the vehicles that had been involved in the accident were towed away/off. 在发生交通事故的车辆被拖走时，这条道路被封闭。
• The damaged boat was towed to safety. 受损船只被拖至安全区。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] tow sth away
■to lift a vehicle that has been parked illegally onto an official truck and take it to a place from which you have to pay to collect it 拖走（违规停放的车辆）
• You're not allowed to park here - your car will be towed away. 这里不准停车——你的车会被拖走的。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] noun
give sb/sth a tow
■to pull someone's vehicle using a rope or chain tied to your vehicle 拖，拉
• When my car broke down, a police car gave me a tow to the nearest garage. 我的车抛锚后，一辆警车把我的车拖至最近的汽车维修站。
on tow UK (US in tow) (Australian also under tow)
■being pulled along 被拖着
• The car in front of us is on tow - that's why we're going so slowly. 我们前面的那辆车是被拖着走的——这就是我们的车开得这么慢的原因。
• The damaged boat drifted for days before it was finally taken in tow. 这条受损的船漂流了几天，终于被拖走。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] noun
in tow informal
■If you go somewhere with a particular person in tow, they are with you 带着；有…紧跟在后
• She arrived at the party, with a tall, silver-haired man in tow. 她来参加派对时带着一个高个子银发男子。
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 拖； [纺] 麻的粗纤维；拖曳所用之绳
 - pull, drag
vt. 拖；牵引；曳
 - pull, trail

Word: interruption
Front: interruption
[ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn] (四六 8994/6517 -K)
Back: n. 中断; 打断; 障碍物; 打岔的事
分布：中断(99%)，打岔(1%)
打断,插嘴(interrupt+ion)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
US [-tˌə-] noun countable or uncountable
■when someone or something stops something from happening for a short period 打断；短暂中止
• a brief interruption 短暂的中断
• I worked all morning without interruption. 我整个上午都在工作，没有受到干扰。
n. [计] 中断；干扰；中断之事
 - break, disturbance, obstacle

Word: raisin
Front: raisin
[ˈreɪzn] (六宝 8989/16817 -1)
Vocabulary: raisin
(once / 1610 pages)
n
A raisin is a dehydrated or sun-dried grape. Raisins are sweet and chewy, and they're often found in oatmeal cookies and granola.
Raisins are one of the most common kind of dried fruit — they turn up everywhere from a preschooler's snack box to a fancy bakery's scones and cinnamon rolls. The most common way to make a raisin is to dry grapes in the sun, though it's quicker for producers to use dehydrating machines. The word raisin dates to the thirteenth century, from the Latin racemus, which means "cluster of grapes or berries."
WORD FAMILY
raisin: raisins
USAGE EXAMPLES
It tasted surprisingly pleasant—more chocolate mousse than raisin jello, with a snap of walnuts to add texture to each bite.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Zöscher adds raisins to the mix of spices to contribute sweetness and reduce the need for added sugar.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
In a medium bowl, combine the raisins, currants, candied peel and candied cranberries.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 葡萄干
分布：葡萄干(100%)
→来自古法语 raisin,葡萄，葡萄干，来自拉丁语 racemus,葡萄，词源同 retsina,rosin.
【记】rais＝raise（v 升起；唤起），in里面：唤起你身体里面的食欲要用酸的东西－葡萄干
noun countable
■a dried black grape 葡萄干
n. 葡萄干
 - rasin

Word: unrest
Front: unrest
[ʌnˈrest] (高雅 8995/6135 -2)
Back: n. 动荡，不安定; 骚乱; 风潮; 乱腾
分布：动乱(52%)，不安(43%)，动荡的局面(5%)
noun uncountable
■disagreements or fighting between different groups of people 动乱，动荡；骚乱
• It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war. 我们害怕现在国内出现的骚乱会升级为全面内战。
n. 不安；动荡的局面；不安的状态
 - tension, unease

Word: puddle
Front: puddle
[ˈpʌdl] (托宝 9010/12181 -1)
Vocabulary: puddle
(once / 2269 pages)
1nv 2vn 3v 4v 5v
A puddle is a small pool, such as one that forms on a sidewalk after a rain shower. A little boy with new rain boots might decide to jump in every puddle he sees on his way to school.
It's charming to see a puddle on a brick walkway or to watch a duck wash itself in a puddle. It's less charming to find a puddle in your basement after three days of rain. You can use puddle as a verb, too, to say, "I'm watching your cereal milk puddle in the middle of the table and wondering when you're planning to clean it up." Puddle comes from the Old English pudd, "ditch or furrow."
WORD FAMILY
puddle: puddled, puddler, puddles, puddling+/puddler: puddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, they're just playing a private jet puddle jump away in a different part of the Bahamas.
Golf Digest(Nov 30, 2016)
There is no water flow, nothing to show that this small puddle will eventually be defined by a course, miles away, as an abundant river.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
After the human dinner tables rose and toweled off, a “cuddle puddle” formed in the center of the space.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 水坑; 胶土
vt. 使泥泞; 把…做成胶土; 搅炼
vi. 搅泥浆
时态：puddled, puddling, puddles
分布：水坑(73%)，在泥污中打滚(6%)，胶泥(6%)，地上积水(6%)，搅浊(6%)，排尿(3%)
→来自古英语pudd,小坑，来自Proto-Germanic*puddo,小坑，词源同poodle.-le,小词后缀。
【区】peddle（v 沿街叫卖）；pebble（n 卵石）
noun countable
■a small pool of liquid on the ground, especially from rain 水坑；（尤指）雨水坑
n. 水坑，泥潭； [建] 胶土（由粘土与水和成，不透水）
 - sump
vt. 使泥泞，搅浑；把…捣制成胶土；搅炼；用胶土填塞
 - rile

Word: obstruction
Front: obstruction
[əbˈstrʌkʃn] (研托宝 8999/7667 -1)
Vocabulary: obstruction
(once / 1100 pages)
n
An obstruction blocks things, like a roadblock prevents drivers to enter a street or a piece of food cuts off your windpipe.
All types of obstructions block things. If you put a shelf in your doorway, that would be an obstruction: people would have a hard time getting around it. In football, offensive linemen try to be obstructions: they stand between the defense and the quarterback. Legally, if someone lies to the police or withholds evidence, they are an obstruction to justice, because they're preventing the police from doing their jobs. All obstructions are impediments; obstructions are in the way.
WORD FAMILY
obstruction: obstructionism, obstructions+/ obstruct: obstructed, obstructer, obstructing, obstruction, obstructive, obstructor, obstructs/ obstructed: unobstructed /obstructer: obstructers/ obstructionism: obstructionist/obstructionist: obstructionists/ obstructive: obstructively/obstructor: obstructors/ unobstructed: unobstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is serving a 19-month prison sentence for bribery and obstruction of justice.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof was found guilty on 33 federal charges, including hate crimes and obstruction of the practice of religion.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof was found guilty last month on 33 federal charges, including murder, attempted murder, hate crimes and obstruction of the practice of religion.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 障碍物; 阻碍的行为或例子; 阻碍，受阻; 妨碍议事
分布：障碍(59%)，妨碍(25%)，闭塞(14%)，违例阻挡(2%)
→来自obstruct,阻碍，阻挠。
阻碍;闭塞[struct=build,表示"建立"]
n.妨碍,障碍物
noun
countable or uncountable
■something that blocks a road, passage, entrance, etc. so that nothing can go along it, or the act of blocking something in this way 废弃的；过时的；淘汰的；老化的
• There's some sort of obstruction on the railway tracks. 铁轨上有障碍物。
uncountable
■behaviour or actions that prevent something from happening or working correctly 妨碍、阻挠某事发生或正常运行的动作或行为
• They were charged with obstruction of the police/of justice (= preventing the police/law courts from doing their jobs). 他们被指控妨碍警方执行公务／法庭审判。
uncountable
■in sport, when one player gets in the way of another and so prevents them from moving freely （体育项目中的）阻挡犯规
• The referee said it was obstruction. 裁判判定这是阻挡犯规。
obstruction, barrier, hindrance, obstacle, bar
这组词都有“障碍(物)”的意思，其区别是：
obstruction: 常既指具体的障碍又可指抽象或喻意上的阻碍。
barrier: 常指临时的或者可能跨越的障碍。
hindrance: 指妨碍他人进步或做事的人或物。
obstacle: 指在达到目的或前进的过程中必须消除或绕过的障碍物，也指起阻碍作用等情况。
bar: 既可指阻止进出或通过的栅栏一类的障碍物，也可用于抽象意义障碍。
n. 障碍； [化学] 阻碍；妨碍
 - intervention, prevention, let, bar, dam

Word: soothe
Front: soothe
[su:ð] (托宝 8996/10177 -2)
Vocabulary: soothe
(once / 287 pages)
v
To soothe is to relieve or to bring comfort. If the pounding in your head is driving you mad, it sounds like you might need an aspirin or two to soothe your headache.
Soothing is meant to make you feel better, both physically and emotionally. Spend too many hours on the beach without sunblock? You'll need some aloe to soothe that sunburn. Had a bad breakup with a boyfriend? Soothing that broken heart might take something stronger — chocolates, a gabfest with good friends, and sappy movies are usually just what the doctor ordered.
WORD FAMILY
soothe: soothed, soothes, soothing +/ soothing: soothingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Olalia’s chicken and rice bowl is fragrant and soothing, spiked with chile leaves, ginger, garlic and fish sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
We start with a gift that soothed the most wrenching of human trials, a solitary battle against a fearsome illness.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Jane Austen’s self-enclosed world enveloped me, soothing in its contours and assumptions.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 安慰; 缓和; 使平静; 减轻痛苦
时态：soothed, soothing, soothes
分布：安慰(53%)，缓和(42%)，使安静(5%)
→来自 sooth 的动词形式，词性比较 bath,bathe.
【记】读：速死－要想速死就得吃安眠药，它可以起到soothe的作用。读：酥死－浑身酥软而死－因为被抚慰过分了
【反】agitate（v 搅动；煽动）；grate（v 使烦躁）；vex（v 使烦恼）；smart（v 刺痛）；ruffle（v 滋扰）
verb transitive
ANGER 发怒
■to make someone feel calm or less worried 使平静，安慰
• to soothe a crying baby 让哭闹的婴儿安静下来
[su:ð] verb transitive
PAIN 疼痛
■to make an injury less painful 减轻，缓解（疼痛）
• I had a long hot bath to soothe my aching muscles. 我洗了个热水澡，泡了很长时间以纾缓肌肉的疼痛。
relieve, console, soothe, comfort, ease
这组词都有“给人以帮助以减轻痛苦或悲伤”的意思，其区别是：
relieve: 指解除或缓解某人的病痛、担心或忧虑等，常用被动态。
console: 较正式用词，侧重缓和或减轻别人的痛苦或悲伤。
soothe: 着重以安慰减轻悲痛、愤怒或激动，使人理智地平静下来。也可指药物等减轻病痛。
comfort: 普通用词，指用语言或行动对痛苦者给予鼓励、勇气和力量，从而减轻其痛苦或悲伤，得到安慰。
ease: 正式用词，指减轻身心的痛苦、不安和忧虑。
vt. 安慰；使平静；缓和
 - comfort, calm, quiet, relax, compose

Word: experimentation
Front: experimentation
[ɪkˌsperɪmenˈteɪʃn] (六 8997/10133)
Back: n. 实验，试验; 实验法
分布：实验(61%)，试验(39%)
noun uncountable
■the process of trying methods, activities, etc. to discover what effect they have 实验；试验
• Children need the opportunity for experimentation. 孩子们需要机会去尝试。
• Extensive experimentation is needed before new drugs can be sold. 药物在销售之前需进行广泛试验。
• Experimentation with illegal drugs is dangerous. 用禁药做实验是危险的。
n. [试验] 实验；试验；实验法；实验过程
 - proof, try

Word: peninsula
Front: peninsula
[pəˈnɪnsjələ] (研四六托宝 9009/7750 -2)
Vocabulary: peninsula
(once / 519 pages)
n
Part of Italy is a peninsula, and it's a pretty famous one, because it looks like a boot. A peninsula juts into the water but has at least a narrow a connection to land. If the boot broke off from Italy just below the "knee," it would be an island.
The word peninsula, which entered English in the 16th century, comes from the Latin words paene, "almost," and insula, "island." Some confuse an island with a peninsula because both are surrounded by so much water, but a peninsula is connected to a mainland at some point, while an island is completely encircled by water. In most cases, a peninsula is narrow and long, resembling an arm or leg.
WORD FAMILY
peninsula: peninsular, peninsulas
USAGE EXAMPLES
They built a lake near the river and installed the blind on a peninsula.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The village of 900 is near the tip of the Alaska Peninsula.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The EU is still sanctioning Russia over its 2014 annexation of the Crimea peninsula.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 半岛; [史]伊比利亚半岛，（第一次世界大战中指）加利波利半岛; （第一次世界大战中指）加利波利半岛
分布：半岛(100%)
→来自拉丁语paeninsula,半岛，来自paene,几乎，接近，词源同penultimate,insula,岛，词源同insular.
半岛(pen+insula岛→似岛一样→半岛)[pen-表示"近似,差不多"]
半岛(pen接近+insula→接近岛屿→象岛屿→半岛)[insul=isand,表示"岛屿"]
n.半岛Italy is a peninsula.意大利是个半岛.
【记】pen笔，insula岛：像铅笔一样的岛－半岛
US [-sə-] noun countable
■a long piece of land which sticks out from a larger area of land into the sea or into a lake 半岛
• the Korean/Arabian/Florida Peninsula 朝鲜／阿拉伯／佛罗里达半岛
peninsula, island
这组词都有“岛”的意思，其区别是：
peninsula: 指三面临水一面连接大陆地，即半岛。
island: 普通用词，指一般的岛屿，即海里被水环绕、面积比大陆小的陆地，或河、湖中被水环绕的陆地。
n. [地理] 半岛
 - byland, chersonese

Word: visionary
Front: visionary
[ˈvɪʒənri] (宝 9013/14831 -1)
Vocabulary: visionary
(once / 1442 pages)
nadj
You've got big ideas. Crazy ideas. But forward-thinking ideas — ideas that just might change the way the world works. You're considered a visionary.
Visionaries are ahead of their time, always thinking creatively. You could say that a visionary can envision what the future holds and come up with solutions that fit that picture. Those wild ideas aren't always met with appreciation though. Skeptics think that visionaries aren't grounded in reality. And usually the visionaries tell them to stop being so shortsighted!
WORD FAMILY
visionary: visionaries+/ envision: envisioned, envisioning, envisions/ vision: envision, visionary, visions
USAGE EXAMPLES
This led Hamilton to conclude that “Burr would consider a scheme of usurpation as visionary.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“It means I’m imaginative, intuitive about ideas, visionary, enjoys the unusual and learns by experimenting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The alto saxophonist and producer Terrace Martin released his proper debut album, while collaborating with a visionary elder, Herbie Hancock.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 空想的，幻想的; 预言性的; 有远见的; 有智慧的
n. 空想家; 预言家; 有远见的人，有智慧的人
分布：空想家(40%)，幻想的(25%)，有远见卓识的(20%)，梦想者(15%)
幻想的(vision+ary)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
【记】vision（n 视力；视觉；幻想；v 梦见；想象），ary：白日梦的
US [-er.i] noun countable
RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 宗教经验
■a person who has a religious or spiritual experience in which they see a holy person who is not living or they see a holy event that cannot be explained scientifically 出现宗教幻觉的人；看到神灵显灵的人
UK ['vɪʒ.ən.ri] US [-er.i] noun countable
VIEW OF THE FUTURE 对未来的看法
■a person who has the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. will develop in the future and to plan in a suitable way 有眼光的人，有远见卓识的人
UK ['vɪʒ.ən.ri] US [-er.i] adjective
VIEW OF THE FUTURE 对未来的看法
■with the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. will develop in the future 眼光；远见；眼力
• a visionary author 有远见的作者
• visionary thinking 前瞻性思维
UK ['vɪʒ.ən.ri] US [-er.i] adjective
RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 宗教经验
■relating to a religious vision 宗教异象的；神灵显灵的
adj. 梦想的；幻影的
 - dreamy, adream
n. 空想家；梦想者；有眼力的人
 - daydreamer, fancier

Word: duo
Front: duo
[ˈdju:əʊ] (9022/10383 -1)
Vocabulary: duo
(once / 2531 pages)
n
A duo is a pair of things or people. Batman and Robin are a famous dynamic duo, but a duo is any two people doing something together, not just crime fighting. In fact, a duo usually entertains.
You can complain that you can't find a duo of matching socks, but it's more common to use duo for people who perform together. For example, Penn and Teller are a magician duo, and Laurel and Hardy were a comedy duo. If you and your sister play your ukuleles together in the subway for tips, you're also a duo. Originally, a duo was a song written for two voices, from the Latin meaning of duo, "two."
WORD FAMILY
duo: dui, duos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Floyd was acquired last month after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He was claimed off waivers Dec. 15 after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police believe he was under the influence and he remains jailed on manslaughter, DUI and other charges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 二重唱; 二人组
分布：“一对”(34%)，表示“二”(33%)，成对的表演者(33%)
→来自拉丁语，词源同two. 引申词义搭档。
US ['du:.oʊ] (plural duos)
noun countable
■a pair, especially of singers, musicians or other performers （歌手、乐手等的）二人组合，一对拍档
• the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy 劳雷尔和哈迪这对喜剧拍档
n. 二重奏；二重唱；二人组
 - duet

Word: blush
Front: blush
[blʌʃ] (研六托雅宝 9003/8221 -1)
Vocabulary: blush
(once / 207 pages)
vn
When you blush, you turn red because you are embarrassed. And, oddly enough, women wear the make-up variety of blush to add color to their cheeks — not to appear embarrassed but to appear attractive.
Women use a type of makeup called blush to add redness to their cheeks. That can help you remember the other meanings of this word, which all relate to redness or rosiness. When you have a blush — or are blushing — your face gets red. People blush when they’re embarrassed. Having a crush can cause blushing; so can getting caught stealing something. Blushing is caused by blood rushing to the head: thus, the color red.
WORD FAMILY
blush: blushed, blusher, blushes, blushful, blushing+/blusher: blushers/blushful: blushfully/blushing: blushingly, unblushing/unblushing: unblushingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an interview with the Guardian last year, Fisher confessed that her next meeting with Ford would cost her a blush or two.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course, I blushed and said I would.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Chicago designer Tom Stringer agreed, noting that while “blush was promoted as a color trend earlier in the year, it already looks tired and drab.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 脸红，惭愧; 变红; 害臊，怕羞
n. 脸红，红色; <古>一见，一瞥
时态：blushed, blushing, blushes
分布：脸红(69%)，羞愧(27%)，泛红(4%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 发光，闪耀。指脸发红。词源同blaze, 明亮。
v./n.脸红She blushed at the mention of her lover.她听人提到她情人,脸就红了.
【记】太恶心！自己想！
【区】lush（adj 青翠繁茂的）更恶心！
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to become pink in the face, usually from embarrassment （通常因尴尬而）脸红
• I always blush when I speak in public. 当众讲话时我总是脸红。
• I blush to think of what a fool I made of myself. 一想到我出了那么大洋相我就脸红。
flush, blush
这组词都有“脸红”的意思，其区别是：
flush: 强调因愤怒、高兴、羞愧、发烧或酗酒等引起的脸红。
blush: 侧重因羞愧或尴尬而突然脸红。
vi. 脸红；感到惭愧
 - feel cheap
n. 脸红；红色；羞愧
 - red, shame

Word: calling
Front: calling
[ˈkɔ:lɪŋ] (9002/11314 -1)
Back: n. 呼喊; （从事某职业或活动的）欲望; 职业; 邀请
v. 叫( call的现在分词); 通电话; 认为; 估计
分布：召唤(70%)，呼喊(18%)，愿望(6%)，动词call的现在分词(6%)
→来自call，呼叫。
US ['kɑ:-] formal
noun countable
■a strong wish to do a job, usually one which is socially valuable （通常具有社会价值的）强烈愿望，责任感，使命感
• I'm glad she's going into medicine. It's a very worthy calling. 我很高兴她打算从医。这是非常高尚的职业。
n. 职业；欲望；点名；召集；邀请
 - profession, employment, career, pursuit, occupation

Word: despise
Front: despise
[dɪˈspaɪz] (研四六托雅宝 9016/7960 -1)
Vocabulary: despise
(once / 238 pages)
v
If the mere thought of a burrito with sour cream in it turns your stomach, you could say that you despise sour cream. You loathe it, abhor it, hate it, and think it's vile.
Despise dates all the way back to the Latin word despicare, which combines de "down" with specere "to look at." So if you look down your nose at something, you could say you despise it. Nowadays the word gets used a lot to describe things people really, really dislike, too. Note how similar in meaning and spelling despise is to Sylvester the cartoon cat's old favorite catchphrase despicable. Despicable means something worth of being despised.
WORD FAMILY
despise: despisal, despised, despises, despising+/despised: despisedest, despisedly/despising: despisings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The legislation is likely to erase the mandate that people buy insurance or face hefty IRS fines, which Republicans despise.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He’s a very unctuous, oily, truly horrific villain who the audience will enjoy despising.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“Yet, notwithstanding all this, if the laws be continually despised and disregarded . . . the alienation of their affections from the government is the natural consequence.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 鄙视，看不起
时态：despised, despising, despises
分布：轻视(100%)
→来自古法 语despis, de-, 向下，-spis, 看，词源同special, spectator. 即向下看，鄙视。
轻视,看不起(spis=spic)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
v.轻视,蔑视"The enterprise will be supervised by a group comprising prominent men," the despising chairman said concisely with no compromise."企业将由杰出人员构成的小组来监管,"轻蔑的主席毫不妥协简明地
【记】de向下，spise＝spic看：向下看－鄙视
【反】reverence（n /v 尊敬；敬重）；venerate（v 崇敬）
verb transitive not continuous
■to feel a strong dislike for someone or something because you think they are bad or have no value 鄙视，蔑视；厌恶
• The two groups despise each other. 这两个团体互相鄙视。
• She despised him for the way he treated her sister. 他那样对待她姐姐，让她感到很厌恶。
• [R] He despised himself for being such a coward. 他厌恶自己竟然如此胆小。
scorn, look down upon, despise
这组词都有“轻视，蔑视”的意思，其区别是：
scorn: 语气较强，指极端的蔑视，常伴有愤怒或恼怒的情感。
look down upon: 指自视地位优越而蔑视他人或事。
despise: 指由于卑鄙、软弱，渺小或无价值等而被轻视。
vt. 轻视，鄙视
 - slight, set light by

Word: enjoyable
Front: enjoyable
[ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl] (高 9019/6001 -K2)
Vocabulary: enjoyable
(once / 2127 pages)
adj
Enjoyable is an adjective that describes anything full of delight and fun. Woohoo!
If you’re able to enjoy something, it’s enjoyable. If it’s pleasurable, fun, and you want to do it more, it’s enjoyable. Different people find different things enjoyable. While shoe shopping might be enjoyable to you, it might not be for your best friend. She might find mud wrestling more enjoyable.
WORD FAMILY
enjoyable: enjoyableness, enjoyably+/ enjoy: enjoyable, enjoyed, enjoyer, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys/enjoyer: enjoyers/ enjoyment: enjoyments/ joy: enjoy, joyed, joyful, joying, joyless, joyous, joys, overjoy / joyful: joyfuler, joyfulest, joyfully, joyfulness/joyless: joylessly, joylessness/ joyous: joyousest, joyously, joyousness/ overjoy: overjoyed, overjoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doing so transformed the drama from a respectable adaptation into an enjoyable TV series.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
A chance encounter with Stewart on Radio 4 led me to one of the most unexpected and enjoyable reads of 2016.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
What’s bad for the republic is good for columnists and cartoonists, though this time, I admit, the muse’s generosity is less enjoyable.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 愉快的，快乐的
分布：愉快的(84%)，有趣的(16%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■An enjoyable event or experience gives you pleasure 使人快乐的；令人愉快的；有乐趣的
• a very enjoyable game/film 其乐无穷的游戏／引人入胜的电影
• Thank you for a most enjoyable evening. 谢谢你，我们今晚很开心。
adj. 快乐的；令人愉快的
 - pleasant, lovely, grateful, festival, cheerful

Word: dismay
Front: dismay
[dɪsˈmeɪ] (研六托雅宝 9018/7726 -2)
Vocabulary: dismay
(once / 330 pages)
nv
If you discover late Sunday night that the dog really did eat your homework, you might cry out in dismay. Dismay describes an emotional state of alarm, fear, or serious disappointment.
The first part of dismay comes from the Latin prefix dis-, which comes in handy when you want to put a negative spin on words (dishonest, discount, disenchant, etc.). The last bit of dismay most likely comes from the Germanic word magan, meaning "to be able to." You can employ the word dismay to describe how you feel in a variety of negative situations that you doubt you are able to handle.
WORD FAMILY
dismay: dismayed, dismaying, dismays+/ dismayed: dismayedly, undismayed/dismaying: dismayingly/undismayed: undismayedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials expressed dismay over the scenes of slaughter in the Compaj prison, which held more than 1,200 inmates, about triple its official capacity.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It dismays me that this is a part of the political process,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Construction began in 2007, to the dismay of some businesses and residents who endured shaking, clanging and dust as the work proceeded.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使惊愕，使焦虑，使气馁
n. 惊愕，气馁
时态：dismayed, dismaying, dismays
分布：沮丧(92%)，绝望(4%)，使 ... 沮丧(2%)，使 ... 惊愕(2%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-may, 权力，力量，词源同may, might. 原指剥夺权力或者力量，引申义灰心，丧气。
沮丧(dis+may能够→不能做事→沮丧;参考:五月能种粮食,所以叫may)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
n./v.(使)沮丧;(使)惊慌;(使)失望,(使)绝望"The gay mayor maybe lay in the hay by the Baby bay," he says in dismay.他沮丧地说:"快活的市长大概躺在婴儿湾边上的干草中."
【记】dis不，may也许：也许不能上2000分－使气馁
【反】hearten（v 鼓励）
noun uncountable
■a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment 沮丧，灰心，失望
• Aid workers were said to have been filled with dismay by the appalling conditions that the refugees were living in. 据说援助人员看到难民所处的恶劣生活环境时都感到非常沮丧。
• The supporters watched in/with dismay as their team lost 6-0. 球队的支持者们郁闷地看着自己的球队以０比６的比分输掉了比赛。
• She discovered, to her dismay, that her exam was a whole month earlier than she'd expected. 她郁闷地发现考试比她预料的早了整整一个月。
n. 沮丧，灰心；惊慌
 - depression, alarm, disappointment
vt. 使沮丧；使惊慌
 - depress, dispirit

Word: mailbox
Front: mailbox
[ˈmeɪlbɒks] (高 9004/35234 -1)
Back: n. 邮筒; 信箱
分布：邮箱(93%)，邮筒(7%)
US [-bɑ:ks] noun countable
■in the US, a box outside a person's house where letters are put, or a postbox （美国私人住宅外的）信箱；邮筒，邮箱
n. 邮箱； [邮] 邮筒
 - postbox, self-mailer

Word: by-product
Front: by-product
[baɪ 'prɒdʌkt] (六托 -1)
Back: n. 副产品; 副作用; 意外结果
分布：副产品(98%)，副作用(2%)
US [-ˌprɑ:.dəkt] noun countable
■something that is produced as a result of making something else, or something unexpected that happens as a result of something 副产品；附带产生的后果
• Buttermilk is a by-product of making butter. 脱脂牛奶是制造奶油时的副产品。
• Illness is one of the by-products of overcrowded housing. 居住环境过度拥挤的后果之一是滋生疾病。
n. [工经] 副产品；附带产生的结果；意外收获
 - secondary product, co-product

Word: fend
Front: fend
[fend] (雅 9011/11131 -1)
Vocabulary: fend
(once / 1607 pages)
v
If you get along on your own, with no assistance from another person, you can say that you fend for yourself.
A solo hiker on the Appalachian Trail fends for herself, managing the challenges without help. When the verb fend is used this way, it is almost always followed by "for oneself" or "for himself" or "for herself," and it's been in use since the 1600's. It originated as a shortened form of the verb defend, from the Latin root defendere, "to ward off, protect, or guard."
WORD FAMILY
fend: fended, fender, fending, fends, forefend+/ fender: fenders/forefend: forefended, forefending, forefends
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps most remarkably, the researchers also found a particular substance in the runners’ brains that fended off the action of these obstructionist molecules.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
This time, there won’t be a security guard to fend them off.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
First the company fended off a buyout offer from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 谋生; 防御，保护; 供养; 闪避，挡开
vi. 照料; 供养; 力争
时态：fended, fending, fends
分布：照料(55%)，挡开(45%)
→缩写自defend, 挡开。
抵挡,击退[fend,fens=strke,表示"打击"]
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] fend for yourself
■to take care of and provide for yourself without depending on anyone else 照顾自己；自谋生计
• Now that the children are old enough to fend for themselves, we can go away on holiday by ourselves. 既然孩子都已经长大能照顾自己了，我们就可以单独出去度假了。
[fend] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fend sb off
■to push or send away an attacker or other unwanted person 抵挡，推开，击退（某人）
• He managed to fend off his attackers with a stick. 他用一根棍子成功击退了攻击者。
• She spent the entire evening fending off unwanted admirers. 她整个晚上都在打发那些讨厌的追求者。
[fend] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fend sth off
■to avoid dealing with something that is unpleasant or difficult 避开，回避
• Somehow she managed to fend off the awkward questions. 不知怎的，她还是成功回避了那些尴尬的问题。
vt. 谋生；保护；挡开；供养
 - maintain, support, secure, preserve, sustain
vi. 照料；供养；力争
 - nurse, attend on

Word: emulate
Front: emulate
[ˈemjuleɪt] (托宝 9025/8587 -1)
Vocabulary: emulate
(once / 1143 pages)
v
When you emulate someone, you imitate them, especially with the idea of matching their success.
When someone is impressive because of their great skills, brains, strength, or accomplishments, others will emulate them. To emulate is to imitate and model yourself after someone. People emulate role models — people they want to be like. After Michael Jordan retired from the NBA, player after player tried to emulate Jordan's game and success. It's hard to be as good as someone like that, but having a hero to emulate can be helpful in many areas of life.
WORD FAMILY
emulate: emulated, emulates, emulating, emulation, emulator+/ emulation: emulations/emulator: emulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The councilman accused media outlets of incorrectly reporting his proposal, which he said emulated similar laws in Santa Monica, New York and Miami Beach.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The U.S. economic and political model, mixing markets and government oversight, would be emulated.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“This year emulates probably seasons two and three for the most part,” Brownstein said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 仿真; 竞争; 努力赶上
时态：emulated, emulating, emulates
分布：效法(74%)，尽力赶上(26%)
→来自aim, 模仿，词源同imitate.
模仿;超越[emul=equal(平等)]
【记】因为late，所以要emulate
【参】emulation（n 竞争；仿效）；emulous（adj 好胜的）
['em.jʊ.leɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to copy something achieved by someone else and try to do it as well as they have 效仿，模仿；和…竞争，努力赶上
• They hope to emulate the success of other software companies. 他们希望能够效仿其他软体公司的成功先例。
• Fitzgerald is keen to emulate Martin's record of three successive world titles. 费兹杰罗渴望能像马丁那样创下连夺三次世界冠军的纪录。
vt. 仿真；模仿；尽力赶上；同…竞争
 - simulate, pattern, imitate
n. 仿真；仿效
 - simulation, stylization

Word: intruder
Front: intruder
[ɪnˈtru:də(r)] (托 9021/8613 -1)
Vocabulary: intruder
(once / 998 pages)
n
An intruder is someone who enters a place or situation despite not being invited. If a Girl Scout comes to your door to sell you cookies but ends up trying to watch TV with you, you can call her an intruder.
Some intruders are robbers who break into homes or businesses with the intent to steal things: "The intruder was charged with trespassing, and later was found to have stolen some jewelry and cash." Other intruders might instead invade someone's privacy. Intruder comes from the verb intrude, from the Latin root intrudere, "to thrust in," a combination of in- and trudere, "to thrust or to push."
WORD FAMILY
intruder: intruders+/ intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive / intrusion: intrusions/ intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
As they entered, the homeowner inside fired, thinking the firefighters were intruders.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
In an email to customers Topps wrote that on 12 October "one or more intruders gained unauthorised access" to its systems.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Sentries at Faslane naval base were ordered to shoot suspected intruders after three people broke into a nuclear submarine, cabinet papers show.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 闯入者，侵入者; 干扰者，妨碍者; 爱管闲事的人; [航]轰炸机
分布：入侵者(86%)，妨碍者(7%)，干扰者(7%)
侵入者(in+trud+er)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted 不受欢迎者
• I feel like an intruder when I visit their home. 我拜访他们家时总觉得自己像一名不速之客。
■someone who enters a place without permission in order to commit a crime 闯入者，侵入者
• Intruders had entered the house through a back window. 盗贼从后窗闯入了住宅。
n. 侵入者；干扰者；妨碍者
 - penetrator, raider

Word: untouched
Front: untouched
[ʌnˈtʌtʃt] (托 9030/8408 -1)
Vocabulary: untouched
(once / 1055 pages)
adj
Something untouched has literally not been touched (like the untouched spinach on your plate), or has not been emotionally moved (like the hardened criminal who remains untouched throughout his victim's testimony).
If you're not moved to some emotion, you're untouched, and if your dog doesn't eat his dinner, you'll see an untouched bowl of kibble still sitting there in the morning. You might find it hard to remain untouched by the fresh, white, untouched snow. This adjective comes from touched, which can mean "emotionally moved" or "physically affected." Add the "not" prefix un-, and you get untouched.
WORD FAMILY
touched: untouched +/ retouch: retouched, retouches, retouching/ touch: retouch, touchable, touched, toucher, touches, touching/touchable: untouchable/toucher: touchers/touching: touchingly, touchings/untouchable: untouchables, untouchably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dalrymple’s budget proposed transferring earnings to the general fund but leaving the principal untouched.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One marker of legitimacy remained untouched, however: a berth in the Rose Bowl.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Which is to say: The traditional recipes stay untouched, while new treats are constantly being developed, sampled and sold.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 未触动过的; 原样的; 未被论及的; 无动于衷的
分布：未受影响的(40%)，未触及的(40%)，未开发的(20%)
adjective
■not changed or spoilt in any way 未改变的；原封未动的；未受破坏的
• Most of the east coast remains mercifully untouched by tourism. 幸运的是，东海岸的大部分地区还没受到旅游业的侵扰。
■If food is untouched, it has not been eaten （食物）未动过的
• She took a few spoonfuls of soup but left her main course untouched. 她喝了几勺汤，却没有动过主菜。
adj. 未受影响的；未改变的；未触动过的；不受感动的
 - unchanged, uninfluenced

Word: lavish
Front: lavish
[ˈlævɪʃ] (托雅宝 9031/9685 -2)
Vocabulary: lavish
(once / 520 pages)
adjv
Lavish means generous and extravagant as an adjective and to give generously as a verb. If you don't like it when people lavish you with attention, you might appreciate a lavish spread of excellent food instead.
Lavish comes from the Old French lavache meaning "deluge, torrent" referring to rain. When you see it, think of a shower of good things coming down on you as you never use lavish with something bad. Didn't your parents lavish you with praise and love when you were small? With lavish as an adjective, you can rephrase that question like this: Didn't your parents offer you lavish praise and love when you were little?
WORD FAMILY
lavish: lavished, lavishes, lavishing, lavishingly, lavishly, lavishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In New Delhi and many other cities, newspapers are full of big advertisements for lavish parties at upscale hotels and restaurants.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Share prices are also being driven by salivation that he will deliver the lavish tax breaks he promised corporate America.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He even invited the diplomats’ children to attend lavish Orthodox Christmas festivities in the Kremlin.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分慷慨的; 非常浪费的; 过分丰富的; 大量生产的
vt. 过分给予，滥施; 浪费，挥霍; 慷慨地给与
时态：lavished, lavishing, lavishes
分布：浪费(40%)，浪费的(23%)，丰富的(22%)，大方的(8%)，慷慨给予(7%)
→来自拉丁语lavare,冲洗，涌出，词源同lava,dilute,antediluvian,-ish,形容词后缀。即大量涌出的，大量的。
浪费a.浪费的(lav+ish→冲掉→浪费)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
【记】lav冲刷，花钱如流水－lavish
【反】stint（v 吝啬；节省）；mean（adj 吝啬的）；penurious（adj 吝啬的）；impecunious（adj 没有钱的）；economical（adj 节约的）；hoard（v 储藏）；austere（adj 简朴的）excoriate（v 批判）－praise lavishly（过分赞扬）
adjective
■more than enough, especially if expensive; very generous 奢华的，豪华的；慷慨的，大方的
• lavish gifts/promises/praise 奢华的礼物／慷慨的允诺／毫不吝惜的赞扬
• lavish spending 铺张的开支
• lavish banquets 豪华的宴会
• The evening was a lavish affair with glorious food and an endless supply of champagne. 晚会很豪华，食物精美可口，香槟源源不断。
• The lavish production makes this musical truly memorable. 这部音乐剧的豪华制作阵容给人留下了深刻印象。
['læv.ɪʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lavish sth on sb/sth
■to give someone a lot, or too much, of something such as money, presents or attention 为…倾注，为…挥霍，为…提供大量的…
• She lavishes money on her grandchildren. 她为孙辈们倾注大量金钱。
• The committee lavished praise on the project. 委员会对该工程大加赞赏。
adj. 浪费的；丰富的；大方的
 - abundant, full, generous, wasted, handsome
vt. 浪费；慷慨给予；滥用
 - lose, spend, strain, abuse

Word: pilgrim
Front: pilgrim
[ˈpɪlgrɪm] (研六雅宝 9037/8758 -2)
Vocabulary: pilgrim
(once / 937 pages)
n
You might be a Muslim on your way to Mecca, or a Hindu going to the Ganges, or a Christian traveling to Lourdes. When you make a reverent journey to a place you consider sacred, you're a pilgrim.
You can also use the word less seriously and call yourself a pilgrim when you make the trip to Graceland for Elvis Week. Another kind of pilgrim (often spelled with a capital P) are the Puritans who fled religious persecution in Europe, came over on the Mayflower, and founded Plymouth Colony, in Massachusetts. The word comes from the Latin peregrinus, "foreign," or "a foreigner," and if you just travel to foreign countries, you’re a pilgrim, too.
WORD FAMILY
pilgrim: pilgrims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Omelets were popular for eat-and-run pilgrims who needed to beat the tide — and they’re still an island specialty and popular with tourists.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Born in Siberia in 1869, he claimed a religious vision and left his obscure village as a pilgrim.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Last month, a suicide car bomber hit Shiite pilgrims returning from a major religious observance, killing 92.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 香客，朝圣者; 旅行者; 追寻者; 〈美〉新来移民，1620年移居美洲的英国清教徒
v. 朝圣，参拜圣地; 流浪
分布：朝圣者(100%)
→来自古法语pelerin,peregrin,朝圣者，外国人，来自拉丁语pelegrinus,异化自peregrinus,外国人，词源同peregrinate,peregrine.字母r,l音变，比较plum,prune.
n.(在国外)旅游者;朝圣者,最初的移民He went to Mecca as a pilgrim.他去麦加朝圣.
【记】pil药丸，g鬼，rim边上：有药和鬼在边上－鬼就是上帝，朝圣客就是朝圣上帝，药是用来镇定的，万一上帝真是鬼怎么办？？？
noun countable
■a person who makes a journey, which is often long and difficult, to a special place for religious reasons 朝圣者，香客
n. 朝圣者；漫游者；（美）最初的移民
 - palmer, rover
vi. 去朝圣；漫游
 - range, roam about

Word: doubtful
Front: doubtful
[ˈdaʊtfl] (四六托雅 9015/4664 -2)
Vocabulary: doubtful
(once / 224 pages)
adj
When you're doubtful about something, you're not sure about it. You might feel doubtful about the picnic you've planned if the forecast calls for torrential rain.
Whether you're uncertain, undecided, or suspicious, you can describe yourself as doubtful. You'll be doubtful about your taxi driver's sense of direction when you pass the same building for the third time. You might also be doubtful about whether or not to try skydiving. Doubtful means "full of doubt," and doubt is from the Old French doter, "doubt or be afraid," with a Latin root, dubitare, "to question, hesitate, or waver in opinion."
WORD FAMILY
doubtful: doubtfully, doubtfulness+/ doubt: doubted, doubter, doubtful, doubting, doubtless, doubts, redoubt, self-doubt, undoubtedly /doubter: doubters/doubtfulness: doubtfulnesses/doubting: doubtingly/ doubtless: doubtlessly/redoubt: redoubtable, redoubts/ redoubtable: redoubtably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lillard was listed as doubtful for the game with that sprained left ankle.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Chris Paul was listed as doubtful for the Phoenix Suns game Monday night at Staples Center with a sore left hamstring.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The friend looks doubtful: “Well, it doesn’t seem very much to me – sniggering and tittering.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 难以预测的; 难以预料的，未定局的; 怀疑的，拿不准的; 不明不白
分布：怀疑的(60%)，可疑的(32%)，不确定的(8%)
可疑的,怀疑的(doubt+ful)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■If you are doubtful about something, you are uncertain about it 怀疑的，有疑虑的；不能确定的
• The teacher is doubtful about having parents working as classroom assistants. 这位老师对由家长担任课堂助教一事拿不定主意。
 ADVANCED
■If a situation is doubtful, it is unlikely to happen or to be successful 不大可能的
• It is doubtful whether/if they ever reached the summit before they died. 他们死前不太可能到过山顶。
• It was doubtful that the money would ever be found again. 再找到那些钱不太可能了。
uncertain, questionable, doubtful, ambigous
这组词都有“怀疑的，不确定的”的意思，其区别是：
uncertain: 多指因缺乏证据或了解而捉摸不定，也指因不能预料而不能作出选择。
questionable: 通常指怀疑某行为是否恰当，或指有根有据的怀疑。
doubtful: 指对某个问题持积极怀疑的，有疑问的态度，强调缺乏确信。
ambigous: 指因缺乏明确感或因为有各种不同的解释而值得怀疑。
adj. 可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的
 - suspicious, questionable

Word: shutter
Front: shutter
[ˈʃʌtə(r)] (研六托雅 9012/8832 -1)
Back: n. 遮光器; 百叶窗; 快门
vt. 使…停止运行，关闭; 装上百叶窗或以百叶窗关闭：
时态：shuttered, shuttering, shutters
分布：快门(82%)，百叶窗(15%)，装以遮门(1%)，停业(1%)，关上窗板(1%)
→来自 shut,关闭，合上，-er,表人或物。引申词义百叶窗，（照相机）快门等。
n.百叶窗;(照相机)快门;关闭装置All the windows were shuttered before the storm.暴风雨来临前所有窗子的窗板都关上了.
US ['ʃʌtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
PHOTOGRAPHY 摄影
■the part of a camera which opens temporarily to allow light to reach the film when a photograph is being taken （照相机的）快门
UK ['ʃʌt.ər] US ['ʃʌtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
WINDOW COVER 护窗
■a wooden cover on the outside of a window which prevents light or heat from going into a room or heat from leaving it 护窗板，百叶窗
• Shutters usually come in pairs and are hung like doors on hinges. 护窗板通常是成对的，像门一样挂在铰链上。
■a metal covering which protects the windows and entrance of a shop from thieves when it is closed （窗户的）防护栏；卷帘铁门
n. [摄] 快门； [建] 百叶窗；关闭物； [机] 遮板
 - diaphragm, jalousie

Word: symbolism
Front: symbolism
[ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm] (托 9014/9803 -1)
Vocabulary: symbolism
(once / 1905 pages)
n
When you come across objects in a painting or story that stand for a concept, the artist or author is using symbolism to convey ideas.
If a particular object keeps popping up at key points in a story, chances are the author is using symbolism to convey an idea or emotion. In the Aesop fable, The Fox and the Grapes, the grapes symbolize things too difficult for someone to attain or achieve. Sometimes people use symbolism in real life. If the president meets a dignitary in the Oval Office, the symbolism of the location says, "I take you especially seriously."
WORD FAMILY
symbolism: symbolisms, symbolist+/ symbol: symbolic, symbolical, symbolise, symbolism, symbolize, symbolling, symbols/ symbolic: symbolically, unsymbolic/symbolisation: symbolisations/symbolise: symbolisation, symbolised, symboliser, symbolises, symbolising/symbolist: symbolists/symbolization: symbolizations/ symbolize: symbolization, symbolized, symbolizer, symbolizes, symbolizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of those traditions live on today, as rings, necklaces and bangles continue to convey a great deal of symbolism.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
No one should underestimate the symbolism of Mr. Abe’s pilgrimage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
But in this case, the symbolism of the site ran even deeper.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 象征主义，象征手法; 符号使用; 象征主义; [宗]符号象征
分布：象征(74%)，象征主义(25%)，符号化(1%)
→symbol,象征，-ism,主义，思想。
noun uncountable
■the use of symbols in art, literature, films, etc. to represent ideas 象征手法
• Religious symbolism is very characteristic of the paintings of this period. 宗教象征手法是这个时期绘画的重要特征。
■specialized
■a type of art and literature which began in the late nineteenth century and which tries to express ideas or states of mind rather than represent reality, using the power of words and images （文学和艺术中的）象征主义 Compare Naturalism ; realism ; Expressionism
n. 象征，象征主义；符号论；记号
 - marks, significant, indication

Word: refrain
Front: refrain
[rɪˈfreɪn] (研六雅宝 9029/8458 -1)
Vocabulary: refrain
(once / 419 pages)
1v 2n
When someone burps in a quiet classroom it can be hard to refrain from laughing. Use the verb refrain if you have a sudden impulse to do something, and you have stopped yourself from doing it.
It's usually hard to refrain from doing something, because this word is used to describe habits, like smoking, or uncontrollable urges, like laughing. The Latin word refrēnāre is formed from the prefix re- "back" plus frēnāre "to hold a horse back with a bridle." There is a noun refrain, but that's a different and unrelated word.
WORD FAMILY
refrain: refrained, refraining, refrains
USAGE EXAMPLES
That was the refrain when 2016 began with the worst start ever.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The report says lawmakers should refrain from levying the fees until more people are driving electric vehicles.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In another, she holds a placard printed with Sojourner Truth’s famous refrain, “Ar’n’t I a Woman,” on a narrow stretch of Canal Street.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 抑制，克制
n. （诗歌的）叠句，副歌; 经常重复的评价（或抱怨）
vi. 忍耐，节制
时态：refrained, refraining, refrains
分布：避免(42%)，克制(31%)，重复(8%)，抑制(7%)，叠句(6%)，副歌(6%)
→来自拉丁语 refrenare,勒住马嚼子，勒住，控制，来自 re-,向后，往回，frenare,控制，用绳子 勒住，来自 frenum,缰绳，马勒，来自 dher,握住，固定，词源同 firm,during.引申词义克 制，节制。
v.节制,避免,制止n.(诗的)叠句I could not refrain from laughter.我忍俊不禁.
【记】“抑制”的意思大家都熟悉，但要记住“叠句”的意思。
verb intransitive formal
■to avoid doing or stop yourself from doing something 避免；忍住；节制
• We refrained from talking until we knew that it was safe. 我们缄默不语，直到确定安全了才开始说话。
• The sign on the wall said "Please refrain from smoking." 墙上有个牌子，上写“请勿吸烟”。
[rɪ'freɪn] noun countable
■a short part of a song or poem that is repeated, especially between the verses (= the separate parts) （尤指不同的节之间的）副歌，叠歌
■a phrase that is often repeated 一再重复的话；老调
• 'Every vote counts' is a familiar refrain in politics. “每一票都重要”是政治上的老生常谈。
bridle, check, refrain, curb, inhibit, restrain
这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：
bridle: 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。
check: 多指阻止前进或继续发展。
refrain: 常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。
curb: 可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。
inhibit: 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。
restrain: 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。
constrain, refrain, restrain
constrain: v.强迫，力劝，是及物动词。
 • A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.   法律限制政府开支大于收入。
refrain: v.抑制，禁止，强调抑制一种冲动，是正式用语，为不及物动词，后接介词from。
 • Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.   学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。
restrain: v.抑制，约束，指通过管束阻止某事发生，是及物动词，其习惯用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。
 • She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.   溜狗时，她牵着狗来限制它的活动。
vi. 节制，克制；避免；制止
 - deny oneself, forbear from
n. 叠句，副歌；重复
 - repeat, iteration

Word: jelly
Front: jelly
[ˈdʒeli] (六托 9024/8007 -K1)
Vocabulary: jelly
(once / 900 pages)
nv
Jelly is a sweet preserved form of fruit that's usually made with sugar. Your favorite breakfast might be buttered toast spread thickly with strawberry jelly.
Jelly is the close relative to jam and preserves — jelly is typically more translucent than its fruitier cousins, and is sometimes made with juice rather than whole pieces of fruit. Outside of North America, jelly is a dessert made from gelatin. Jelly comes from the Old French gelee, "jelly" and also "frost," from the verb geler, "to congeal," with its Latin root gelare, "to freeze."
WORD FAMILY
jelly: jellied, jellies, jellify, jellying, jellylike+/jellify: jellified, jellifies, jellifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The classic doughnuts are jelly, chocolate or creme caramel flavored.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Jelly Belly Candy Co. reintroduced its eggnog jelly bean flavor two years ago.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
And bee grubs will grow up to be queens if they are fed a steady diet of royal jelly.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 果冻; 胶状物; 肉冻; 果酱
时态：jellied, jellying, jellies
分布：果冻(85%)，胶状物(9%)，做果冻(2%)，结冻(2%)，使结冻(2%)
→来自jell,胶体。引申词义胶状物，果冻，肉冻。
noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable UK (US trademark Jell-O)
■a soft, coloured sweet food made from sugar, gelatine and fruit flavours, that shakes slightly when it is moved 果冻
• I've made a strawberry jelly for the children's tea. 我做了份草莓果冻给孩子当茶点。
• jelly and ice cream 果冻和霜淇淋
 ADVANCED US (UK jam)
■a sweet soft food made by cooking fruit with sugar to preserve it. It is eaten on bread or cakes 果酱
• a peanut butter and jelly sandwich 花生酱和果酱三明治
countable or uncountable
■jam that is transparent and does not contain pieces of fruit （透明的、不含水果块的）果酱
• apple jelly 苹果果酱
uncountable
■any soft, slightly wet substance that shakes slightly when it is moved 胶冻，胶状物
• Frogs' eggs are covered in a sort of transparent jelly. 青蛙卵上覆盖着一种透明的胶状物。
['dʒel.i] noun
beat sb to a jelly mainly UK
■to hit someone repeatedly and forcefully 殴打（某人）
• They've threatened to beat him to a jelly if he doesn't repay the money. 他们威胁说，如果他不还钱，就把他打成肉酱。
['dʒel.i] noun
turn to jelly
■to suddenly feel weak because you are frightened, nervous or ill （由于害怕、紧张或生病等）突然感到虚弱
• As she knocked on the director's door, her legs turned to jelly. 她敲主任的门时，感到两腿发软。
vi. 成胶状
 - agglutinate

Word: checklist
Front: checklist
[ˈtʃeklɪst] (9039/10478)
Back: n. 清单; 检查表; 备忘录; 目录册
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable
■a list of things that you must think about, or that you must remember to do （记事）清单
• I have a checklist of things that I must do today. 我有一张清单，列出我今天必须做的事情。
n. 清单；检查表；备忘录；目录册
 - statement, bill, minute

Word: pointed
Front: pointed
[ˈpɔɪntɪd] (雅 9035/8466 -K2)
Vocabulary: pointed
(once / 92 pages)
adj
Pointed things have a sharp end, like a cat's pointed teeth or the pointed tip of your #2 pencil . A pointed comment, on the other hand, is deliberately direct.
You might buy stylish shoes with pointed toes or wear fake, pointed fingernails as part of your Halloween costume, but the second definition of pointed is even more common. A pointed remark gets right to the heart of the matter, and might even hurt someone's feelings. If your mom gives you a pointed look, you probably know exactly what she's thinking about.
WORD FAMILY
pointed: pointedly, pointedness, unpointed+/contrapuntist: contrapuntists/ counterpoint: contrapuntist, counterpointed, counterpointing, counterpoints/ point: counterpoint, pointed, pointer, pointing, pointless, points, repoint/pointer: pointers/ pointless: pointlessly, pointlessness/repoint: repointed, repointing/unpointed: unpointedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
And that pointed up the truth that “The Apprentice” never really was Mr. Trump’s show.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The Connecticut Democrat pointed to recently discovered malware at a Vermont utility as further evidence the nation needs to toughen its cybersecurity.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lampley then allegedly pointed a handgun at the man’s face.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 尖的，尖锐的; 严厉的，直截了当的; 突出的; 显然的
v. “point”的过去式和过去分词
分布：尖的(46%)，直截了当的(24%)，尖锐的(16%)，有针对性的(10%)，动词point的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
→来自point,点，刺点。
尖的,成尖状的(point+ed)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
SHARP END 尖锐的
 ADVANCED
■A pointed object has a thin sharp end or becomes much narrower at one end 尖的，尖角的
• He's got funny little pointed ears. 他长着一对尖尖的小耳朵，很滑稽。
UK ['pɔɪn.tɪd] US [-tˌɪd] adjective
CRITICISM 批评的
■describes a remark, question or manner that is intended as a criticism of the person it is directed to （评论、问题、方式等）尖锐的，犀利的，直截了当的，批评的
• My aunt made a few pointed remarks about my taste in clothes. 姑姑一针见血地批评了我对服装的品味。
adj. 尖的；突出的；锐利的；率直的
 - prominent, keen, striking
v. 指出；瞄准（point的过去式）
 - collimated

Word: affected
Front: affected
[əˈfektɪd] (托宝 9017/7874)
Vocabulary: affected
(once / 136 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's affected is influenced or acted upon. If a bottle of ointment says "apply to the affected area," you should put the medication only on the parts of your skin that touched the poison ivy.
One of the most common vocabulary mix-ups is effect and affect: effect is usually a noun, and affect is usually a verb that means "to influence" of "act upon." Affected is the adjective form of the verb. After a flood, affected homeowners might try to get insurance. A sad movie might leave you deeply affected. The word can also refer to behavior that's done only to impress someone: if you're acting affected, you might use big, fake melodramatic gestures.
WORD FAMILY
affected: affectedest, affectedly, affectedness, ill-affected, unaffected +/ affect: affectation, affected, affecting, affectional, affective, affects, disaffect/ affectation: affectations/ affecting: affectingly, unaffecting/affectional: affectionally/ affective: affectively/disaffect: disaffected, disaffecting, disaffection, disaffects/disaffection: disaffections/ unaffected: unaffectedly, unaffectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Pemex spokesman said relatively few gasoline stations were affected, although protesters temporarily blocked storage terminals, delaying the delivery of gasoline to retail points.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It said that the problem affected about 1% of the requests its servers processed during the glitch period.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But the general fund also is financed by income and sales taxes, which also are greatly affected by oil prices.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 感动的; 受到影响的; （人或行为）假装的; 倾向于…的
v. 影响( affect的过去式和过去分词 ); 假装; 感动; （疾病）侵袭
分布：受影响的(46%)，假装的(25%)，做作的(20%)，受疾病侵袭的(3%)，受感动的(3%)，动词affect的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
受感动的;假装的(affect影响+ed→被影响的→被感动的)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【记】受到好的affect影响就充满爱affection，受到不好的影响affect就学会假装affected
【反】natural（adj 自然的）；ingenue（adj 天真无邪的）disaffected（adj 不满的）－content＝contented（adj 满足的）
[ə'fek.tɪd] disapproving
adjective
■artificial and not sincere 矫揉造作的，做作的，装模作样的；不自然的
• an affected manner/style of writing 矫揉造作的文风
• I found her very affected. 我觉得她非常做作。
adj. 受到影响的；做作的；假装的
 - assumed, simulate

Word: outgoing
Front: outgoing
[ˈaʊtgəʊɪŋ] (高托宝 9020/7704 -1)
Vocabulary: outgoing
(once / 3257 pages)
1adj 2adj
The adjective outgoing describes someone with a friendly, easy personality. Your outgoing friend might not understand how hard it is for shy people to speak in front of an audience.
If you're the only member of your outgoing family who is reserved, you might feel silent and invisible in their sociable midst. People who are outgoing are perfectly comfortable in social situations. A completely different meaning of outgoing describes someone who is departing, like an employee who will soon retire, or an outgoing club treasurer who isn't running for re-election.
WORD FAMILY
outgo: outgoing, outgone, outwent
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seen as a progressive, Harris was endorsed by the outgoing senator for California, Barbara Boxer, and Massachusetts senator Elizabeth Warren in her Senate run.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“He’s got these much more important objectives to him than getting into a tit-for-tat response with the outgoing administration.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Describe her in three words Fun, outgoing, enthusiastic.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 对人友好的，开朗的; 出发的，外出的; 即将离职的; 乐于助人的
分布：外向的(45%)，即将离职的(43%)，出发的(12%)
→out-,向外，go,走。比喻用法。
友善的(out+going走→走出来→心胸宽→待人友善的)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
友善的(out出+go走...走出去和别人交往...友善的)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
【记】out出去，going去－总是出去－好交际的
【参】outbid（v 出高价）；outcast（adj 被逐的）；outdated（adj 过时的）；outfit（v 配备）；outfox（v 以计取胜）；outgrowth（n 结果）；outlandish（adj 外国气派的；古怪的）；outlaw（n 歹徒）；outlet（n 出口）；outline（n 大纲；轮廓；v 描画轮廓）
US ['aʊt.goʊ-] approving
■(of a person) friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be with others （人）开朗的，外向的，友好的，爱交际的
• Sales reps need to be outgoing, because they are constantly meeting customers. 销售代表必须开朗外向，因为他们经常要跟客户打交道。
• She has an outgoing personality. 她性格开朗。
adjective
LEAVING （即将）离开的 UK ['aʊtˌgəʊ.ɪŋ] US [-ˌgoʊ-] [before noun]
■leaving a place, or leaving a job, having finished a period of time in it 离开的；即将离职的，即将卸任的；即将结业的
• Outgoing flights are booked until January 15th. 离境航班一直预订到1月15日。
• the outgoing vice-president 即将卸任的副总统
adj. 外出的；即将离职的；乐于助人的
 - egressive
n. 外出；流出；开支
 - issue, expense, flux, going out
v. 超过；优于（outgo的ing形式）
 - exceeding

Word: midwestern

Word: clone
Front: clone
[kləʊn] (中高研 9023/7440 -1)
Vocabulary: clone
(once / 3773 pages)
nv
A clone is an organism that's genetically identical to another organism. The clone of a sheep has the exact same DNA as the original sheep.
While most people are fascinated with the idea of identical clones of animals — or even humans — it's much more common for a biologist to create clones of individual cells or molecules for experimental and other scientific uses. You can also describe someone as a clone if they act or look uncannily like another person: "Your cousin is totally your clone." The word clone was first used in botany, the science of plants, from the Greek klon, "twig."
WORD FAMILY
clone: clonal, cloned, clones, cloning+/cloning: clonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, in key positions like quarterback and running back, Alabama uses practice clones who don’t play for Alabama—at least not anymore.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Host Josh Gates descends into a sinkhole in Siberia looking for the frozen DNA to help clone a woolly mammoth in tonight’s episode.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the best tradition of the tech industry, Facebook is cloning features offered by rivals to stay on top of the social-networking pyramid.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物的）克隆; 无性繁殖系; 复制人（或动植物）; （不动脑筋）机械行事的人，机器人
vt. & vi. 克隆，（使某物）无性繁殖; 把…培养为纯种细胞; 复制
时态：cloned, cloning, clones
分布：克隆(81%)，复制(14%)，无性繁殖(3%)，复制品(2%)
→来自kel,切，砍，词源同gladiator,cleave.来自植物学术语，本指切下来用于插扦的小枝， 嫩枝，后指无性繁殖，克隆。
n.无性繁殖,克隆;复制品v.克隆
US [kloʊn] noun countable
■a plant or animal which has the same genes as the original from which it was produced （动植物的）无性繁殖，克隆，复制
■informal disapproving
■someone or something that looks very much like someone or something else 复制品；酷似的人（或物）；…的翻版
• Most people saw her as just another blond-haired, red-lipped Marilyn Monroe clone. 很多人把她看作金发红唇的玛丽莲‧梦露的翻版。
■specialized
■a computer that operates in a very similar way to the one that it was copied from （电脑的）克隆机，仿制机，相容机
UK [kləʊn] US [kloʊn] verb transitive
■to create a clone of a plant or animal 克隆，使无性繁殖，复制
• Scientists have already cloned a sheep. 科学家已经复制出一只羊。
• Experiments to try to clone human embryos have met with hostility from some sections of the public. 尝试复制人类胚胎的实验遭到了部分公众人士的强烈反对。
n. [生物] 克隆； [植] [农学] [遗] 无性系；无性繁殖；靠营养生殖而由母体分离繁殖的植物
 - klon, asexual propagation
vt. [遗] 无性繁殖，复制
 - repeat, to duplicate

Word: ballroom
Front: ballroom
[ˈbɔ:lru:m] (雅 9032/11761 -1)
Vocabulary: ballroom
(once / 2345 pages)
n
A ballroom is a room that has enough space for many people to dance. Traditionally, a ballroom has either a hardwood or marble floor.
Most private houses are built without ballrooms these days, but it was once common for a grand home or mansion to include a special room for throwing dance parties. These ballrooms were large, with high ceilings, and could accommodate a live band and many dancers. Ballroom dancing was originally a formal, social dance form that only happened in ballrooms. The word comes from ball, or party, with the Latin root ballare, "to dance."
WORD FAMILY
ballroom: ballrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A special thanks to the folks in the reservations department at the Trump International Hotel here who helped us rent this ballroom on last-minute notice.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Around us a ballroom of people were laughing and eating and dancing.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She’s also a ballroom dancer, and performed on “America’s Got Talent” with a 26-year-old partner.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 舞厅，跳舞场
分布：舞厅(100%)
舞厅(ball+room房间)[ball,bol=throw,dance,ball,表示"抛,舞,球"]
【记】舞厅上面有一个可以旋转，发出五颜六色的光的球－ballroom
US ['bɑ:l-] noun countable
■a large room that is used for dancing 舞厅
n. 舞厅；跳舞场
 - dancery, palais

Word: logging
Front: logging
[ˈlɒgɪŋ] (9027/13294 -1)
Back: n. <美>伐木搬运业; 记录，存入; 航行日志
v. 砍伐树木(log的现在分词)
分布：砍伐(84%)，动词log的现在分词.(16%)
→来自log,原木，伐木。
US ['lɑ:.gɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the activity of cutting down trees for wood 伐木
• logging companies. 伐木公司
n. 记录；伐木工作
 - page, register

Word: shoulder
Front: shoulder
[ˈʃəʊldə(r)] (中高研四六宝 986/1149 -K4)
Back: n. 肩膀; （衣服的）肩部; 山肩; 路肩
vt. 担负，承担; 肩起，挑起; 用肩顶…
时态：shouldered, shouldering, shoulders
分布：肩膀(46%)，承担(26%)，肩负(12%)，肩部(9%)，扛(7%)
→来 自 古 英 语 sculdor, 肩 膀 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*skuldro, 肩 膀 ， 可 能 来 自 Proto-Germanic*skelduz,盾，来自 skel,切，分开，词源同 shield,shell.引申诸相关词义。
n.肩,肩部v.肩负,承担The scout with shoulder-straps shouted on the outermost route as a routine.戴肩章的侦察员照例在最外围的路线上叫喊.
US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] noun
BODY PART 身体部位
 ESSENTIAL countable
■one of the two parts of the body at each side of the neck which join the arms to the rest of the body 肩，肩膀，肩部
• I rested my head on her shoulder. 我把头靠在她的肩上。
• Then she put her arm round my shoulder and gave me a kiss. 接着她用手臂搂住我的肩，给了我一个吻。
• She glanced nervously over her shoulder to make sure no one else was listening. 她不安地回头扫了一眼，以确认没有人在听。
shoulders [plural]
■the top part of a person's back 双肩；上背部
• He was about six feet tall with broad shoulders. 他大约六呎高，双肩宽阔。
• "I don't know what to do about it, " said Martha, shrugging her shoulders. “我不知道该如何处理这件事，”玛莎耸耸肩说道。
■the parts of a piece of clothing which cover the wearer's shoulders （衣服的）肩部
• The shoulders look a bit tight. Do you want to try a larger size? 肩部看起来有点紧。你想试试尺寸大一点的吗？
• a jacket with padded shoulders 有垫肩的夹克
countable
■the part of a bottle that curves out below its opening 瓶肩（瓶颈下面扩大的部分）
countable US for * hard shoulder
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] noun
RESPONSIBILITY 责任
sb's shoulders
■used to refer to the responsibility that someone has or feels for something （责任在）…的肩上，…承担
• A huge burden was lifted from my shoulders (= I became much less worried) when I told my parents about my problem. 我把自己的问题告诉父母后，感到如释重负。
• Responsibility for the dispute rests squarely on the shoulders of the president. 调解争端的责任完全落在主席的肩上。
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] noun
MEAT 肉
countable or uncountable
■a piece of meat which includes the upper part of an animal's front leg （动物身上包括前腿上半部的）肩肘肉，前腿肉
• I've bought a shoulder of lamb for Sunday lunch. 我买了块羊肩肉，用来做星期天的午餐。
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] noun
a shoulder to cry on
■someone who is willing to listen to your problems and give you sympathy, emotional support and encouragement 可以倾诉的对象，可以向其寻求安慰的人
• I wish you'd been here when my mother died and I needed a shoulder to cry on. 我母亲去世的时候，你要是在这里就好了，我当时需要一个可以给我安慰的人。
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] noun
shoulder to shoulder
■If people are shoulder to shoulder, they are close together and next to each other 肩并肩地
• The refugees were packed shoulder to shoulder on the boat. 难民们肩挨着肩挤在船上。
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] noun
stand shoulder to shoulder with sb
■to give someone or a group of people complete support during a difficult time 站在（某人）一边，全力支持（某人）
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] verb
ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY 承担责任
shoulder the blame/burden/responsibility/cost, etc.
■to accept that you are responsible for something bad or difficult 承受谴责／承受重负／承担职责／承担费用等
• It is women who mainly shoulder responsibility for the care of elderly and disabled relatives. 都是女人承担照顾老人和残疾亲属的主要责任。
• Teachers cannot be expected to shoulder all the blame for poor exam results. 考试成绩不理想，责任不能全部归到老师身上。
UK ['ʃəʊl.dər] US ['ʃoʊl.dɚ] verb
BODY PART 身体部位
transitive
■to put something on your shoulders to carry it 用肩扛
• Shouldering her pack, she strode off up the road. 她背起背包，大步上路。
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to push something with one of your shoulders 用肩推，用肩顶
• She was carrying two suitcases and had to shoulder the door open. 她手提着两个箱子，不得不用肩膀把门顶开。
• He shouldered his way (= formed a way through by pushing with his shoulders) to the front of the crowd to get a better look. 他用肩膀开路挤到人群前面，以便看得更清楚。
serve, conduct, shoulder, tackle
serve: V服务；供（某人）饭菜；供职、服役 N 发球
conduct: N 行为，品德，指导，指挥，管理，经营 V 领导，指导，带领；控制，管理；传导（热、电流等）
shoulder: N 肩膀，肩部 V 扛，承担
tackle: 应付，对付，处理
vt. 肩负，承担
 - undertake, accept, sustain

Word: knuckle
Front: knuckle
[ˈnʌkl] (9033/10269 -1)
Vocabulary: knuckle
(once / 1676 pages)
nv
Your knuckles are the joints in your fingers that are farthest from your fingernails. When you clench your hand into a fist, your knuckles are especially prominent.
A knuckle is the part of your hand that makes it possible to move a finger freely, and if someone offers you a "knuckle sandwich," you should politely decline, since they're actually planning to make a fist and punch you in the mouth. To knuckle is to rub with the knuckles, like when you knuckle a bit of sand out of your eye. The root of knuckle is the Proto-Germanic knuk-, "bone."
WORD FAMILY
knuckle: knuckled, knuckles, knuckling+/knuckles: knuckleses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is misery,” she said, wiping her eyes with a knuckle.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
“Everybody too serious,” Cheng explained during a lesson last month, clenching a paddle with white knuckles before releasing into a shrug.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The best way to avoid breaking a knuckle?
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. （指人）指关节; （指动物）膝关节，肘; 铰结，肘形接; 铜指节套
vt. 用指关节打、压、碰、擦
时态：knuckled, knuckling, knuckles
分布：指关节(59%)，膝关节(19%)，开始努力工作(6%)，肘形接头(4%)，铰链连接(4%)，以指节压(4%)，屈从(4%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*knuk,骨头，-le,小词后缀。引申词义指节，铜指手套（一种过去的武器）。
noun countable
■one of the joints in the hand where your fingers bend, especially where your fingers join on to the main part of your hand 指节；（尤指）掌指关节
['nʌk.l] noun countable
near the knuckle UK informal
■about sex and so likely to offend people 近乎下流，近乎猥亵
• Some of his jokes were a bit near the knuckle. 他说的一些笑话有点近乎下流。
['nʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  knuckle down informal
■to start working or studying hard 开始努力工作；开始用功学习
• You're going to have to really knuckle down (to your work) if you want to pass your exams. 如果你想通过考试，就必须用功学习。
['nʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  knuckle under informal
■to accept someone's power over you and do what they tell you to do 屈服；认输
n. 关节； [解剖] 指关节；指节；膝关节；肘
 - articulation, arthrosis
vi. 开始认真工作
 - dig in

Word: curtail
Front: curtail
[kɜ:ˈteɪl] (托雅宝 9041/8521 -1)
Vocabulary: curtail
(once / 1645 pages)
v
To curtail something is to slow it down, put restrictions on it, or stop it entirely. If I give up cake, I am curtailing my cake-eating.
Curtail is an official-sounding word for stopping or slowing things down. The police try to curtail crime — they want there to be less crime in the world. A company may want to curtail their employees' computer time, so they spend more time working and less time goofing around. Teachers try to curtail whispering and note-passing in class. When something is curtailed, it's either stopped entirely or stopped quite a bit — it's cut short.
WORD FAMILY
curtail: curtailed, curtailing, curtailment, curtails+/curtailment: curtailments
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, he and his team pushed back hard against the view that the investment bank’s power should be significantly curtailed.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was set up in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, but it was quickly curtailed.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Israel’s refusal to curtail what the White House called “corrosive” settlement expansion ultimately led to a U.N.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 缩短; 剥夺（特权，官衔等）; 削减
时态：curtailed, curtailing, curtails
分布：削减(52%)，缩减(35%)，截短(13%)
→来自sker, 剪，切，词源同shear, short. -ault, 贬义后缀，词源同valiant, 勇敢的，顽固的。比较-ard, 贬义后缀，来自hard, 见bastard. 原指剪短尾巴的马，拼写受tail影响俗化。
缩短;削减(cur短+tail→减短,参考;curt简短失礼的)[tail=cut,表示"剪,割"]
截短;缩短(讲话、节目等)[curt=short(短)]
【记】curt＝cut切，tail尾巴－缩短
【反】prolong（vt 延长；拖延）；protract（v 延长）；elongate（v 拉长）
US [kɚ-] verb transitive
■to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something 制止；减少；缩减；限制
• to curtail your holiday/spending 缩短假期／缩减开支
• The last government severely curtailed trade union rights. 上届政府严格限制工会权利。
vt. 缩减；剪短；剥夺…特权等
 - crop, to cut back

Word: bladder
Front: bladder
[ˈblædə(r)] (9028/5489 -1)
Back: n. 膀胱; 囊状物; 水疱; 空话连篇的人
分布：膀胱(89%)，囊(9%)，囊状物(2%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 膨胀，鼓起，同blow.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■an organ like a bag inside the body of a person or animal, where urine is stored before it leaves the body 膀胱
• to empty your bladder (= urinate) 撒尿
n. [解剖] 膀胱；囊状物，可充气的囊袋
 - urinary ladder, vesicae

Word: milestone
Front: milestone
[ˈmaɪlstəʊn] (托宝 9040/11721 -1)
Vocabulary: milestone
(once / 2170 pages)
n
A milestone is a significant event in your life. Often a milestone marks the start of a new chapter. For example, the day you graduated from high school was a milestone in your life.
Milestone literally refers to a roadside marker that lists the distance to a particular location. These days, the word is more often used figuratively to refer to significant events in life, like graduating from college or getting married. It acts sort of like the road sign: it's often a moment when you reflect on where you stand in life. A milestone can also be a nonpersonal event that results in a big change, such as a milestone victory or a company's sales milestone.
WORD FAMILY
milestone: milestones
USAGE EXAMPLES
Secondarily, they reflect a mind-set that perceives oral health as an optional milestone to strive for.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He finished 24 of 40 with 321 yards, two touchdowns and one interception in a game full of milestones.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And last spring, Bell reached another milestone, earning his Master of Science degree in education.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 里程碑; 划时代事件
分布：里程碑(100%)
→mile,英里，stone,石头。即每英里设置的界石，引申词义里程碑。
US [-stoʊn] noun countable (UK also milepost)
STONE/POST 碑／地标
■a stone or post at the side of the road on which is printed the distance to various places, especially to the nearest large town 里程碑，里程标
UK ['maɪl.stəʊn] US [-stoʊn] noun countable (UK also milepost)
IMPORTANT EVENT 重大事件
■an important event in the development or history of something or in someone's life 里程碑；重大事件；转捩点
• He felt that moving out from his parents' home was a real milestone in his life. 他感到搬出父母家是他一生中一个真正的转捩点。
n. [交] 里程碑，划时代的事件
 - landmark, milliarium

Word: ceremonial
Front: ceremonial
[ˌserɪˈməʊniəl] (托 9026/11228 -1)
Vocabulary: ceremonial
(once / 984 pages)
adjn
When an occasion is extremely formal and full of rituals, you can call it ceremonial. Your cousin's fancy wedding and your friend's bar mitzvah are both ceremonial events.
The ritual of a new queen being crowned is ceremonial, with its pomp and formality. The way your family celebrates Thanksgiving might feel ceremonial to you as well, if everyone takes it very seriously and sticks to firm rules about what food to eat and who carves the turkey. Ceremonial originally described a purely religious ritual, from the Latin caerimonia, "holiness or sacredness."
WORD FAMILY
ceremonial: ceremonially, ceremonials, unceremonial+/ ceremonious: ceremoniously, ceremoniousness, unceremonious/ ceremony: ceremonial, ceremonies, ceremonious /unceremonial: unceremonially/unceremonious: unceremoniously, unceremoniousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monday is largely a ceremonial day, starting with the inauguration of statewide elected officials.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cambodia's kings once enjoyed a semi-divine status, but the role is mostly ceremonial nowadays.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
At best, he added, “we’re now little more than a ceremonial presence on the sidelines of life”.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 仪式的; 正式的; 讲究仪式的
n. 仪式，礼节
分布：仪式(78%)，仪式的(22%)
→来自ceremony, 仪式。
ADJ
仪式的;礼节的
Something that is ceremonial relates to a ceremony or is used in a ceremony.
例：He represented the nation on ceremonial occasions...他在正式场合代表国家。
例：Feathers of various kinds are used by Native Americans for ceremonial purposes.美洲印第安人在举行仪式时用到各种羽毛。
ADJ
(职位、功能或事件)礼仪性的，象征性的
A position, function, or event that is ceremonial is considered to be representative of an institution, but has very little authority or influence.
例：Up to now the post of president has been largely ceremonial.到目前为止，总统一职在很大程度上只是礼仪性的。
N-VAR
仪式;典礼;礼节
Ceremonial consists of all the impressive things that are done, said, and worn on very formal occasions.
例：...papal ceremonial.教皇加冕仪式
例：...the ceremonials leading up to the young Emperor's wedding.年轻皇帝大婚前的典礼
N-COUNT
同 ceremony
A ceremonial is a ceremony.
例：...a religious ceremonial.宗教仪式
adj. 仪式的；正式的，礼仪的
 - formal, official, state
n. 仪式，礼节
 - service, etiquette

Word: hamper
Front: hamper
[ˈhæmpə(r)] (研六托雅宝 9044/8427 -2)
Vocabulary: hamper
(once / 768 pages)
1vn 2n
Anything that hampers slows progress or makes it difficult to do something. You might think that the presence of your parents hampers your ability to look cool.
The verb hamper is for those times when normal progress is slow but not shut down completely. Hamper often describes travel during bad weather, like icy conditions that could hamper holiday travel. Hamper means "slow going." You may have heard of noun form of hamper, a container for holding dirty laundry: If your hamper is full, the need to do laundry could hamper your plans of going out and having fun.
WORD FAMILY
hamper: hampered, hampering, hampers+/hampered: unhampered
USAGE EXAMPLES
Penn State trailed by as many as 13 points, hampered by interceptions on McSorley’s first two passes of the game.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A splintered internet would hamper its role as a remarkable innovation engine.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
But he suggests that a government might justifiably hamper international trade, or subsidize an ailing industry, in order to sustain particular communities and particular jobs.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 妨碍，束缚，限制; 使困累
n. （有盖的）大篮子; 阻碍物，足械; [航]船具
时态：hampered, hampering, hampers
分布：妨碍(80%)，阻止(14%)，大篮子(6%)
→来自古法语hanap,杯子，酒杯，后引申词义装杯子的大篮子。防碍义词源不详，参照习语basket case,困境。
v.妨碍,阻碍,牵制He was hampered by his raincoat.他因雨衣碍手碍脚而行动不自如.
【记】用hammer锤你－阻挠，妨碍
【反】facilitate（v 促进）；seminal（adj 种子的；精液的）－hampering further development（阻碍进一步发展的）
US [-pɚ] verb transitive
■to prevent someone doing something easily 阻碍，妨碍
• Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. 猛烈的暴风雨妨碍了救援工作的进行，现在找到更多生还者的希望已经很渺茫了。
UK ['hæm.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a large rectangular container with a lid 有盖的长方形大容器
• a picnic hamper 野餐盒
■UK
■a box containing food and drink, usually given as a present, for example at Christmas （通常作为礼品、装有食品和酒的）食品盒
US old-fashioned
■a container used for carrying dirty clothes and bed sheets and for storing them while they are waiting to be washed （盛放脏衣物的）洗衣篮
hamper, hinder, block, prevent, bar, obstruct
这组词都有“阻止、阻塞”的意思，其区别是：
hamper: 侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。
hinder: 语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
block: 语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。
prevent: 含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。
bar: 含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。
obstruct: 正式用词，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。
vt. 妨碍；束缚；使困累
 - let, chain, bound
n. 食盒，食篮；阻碍物
 - hindrance, incumbrance

Word: retrospective
Front: retrospective
[ˌretrəˈspektɪv] (研托 9036/8807 -1)
Vocabulary: retrospective
(once / 3058 pages)
adjn
Retrospective means looking back. An art exhibit that cover an artist's entire career is called a retrospective because it looks back at the work the artist has produced over many years.
Retro- means back, -spect- means look (think: spectacles), so the word means literally 'a looking back.' Many people take a retrospective look at their lives on birthdays or on New Year's Eve to evaluate events and see how well they've met their goals. You could call the yearly evaluation you get from your boss a retrospective review of your work.
WORD FAMILY
retrospective: retrospectively, retrospectives+/ retrospect: retrospected, retrospecting, retrospection, retrospective, retrospects/ retrospection: retrospections
USAGE EXAMPLES
Parsons School of Design organized a retrospective of their work in 1980.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A retrospective CD, “Alone Tonight” was released in France in 2004.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A greatest-hits collection released in 2006, “Twenty Five,” served as a career retrospective and facilitated his first major tour in more than a decade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 回顾的; 怀旧的; [法]有追溯力的; 可追溯的
n. 回顾展
分布：回顾的(51%)，追溯的(21%)，向后看的(21%)，作品回顾展出(7%)
回顾的;怀旧的[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
【记】retro向后，spect看，ive－向后看－回顾的
【反】anticipatory（adj 预料的；预想的）
US [-rə-] noun countable
■a show of the work an artist has done in their life so far （艺术家作品）回顾展
• a Hockney retrospective/a retrospective of Hockney's work 霍克尼作品回顾展
UK [ˌret.rəʊ'spek.tɪv] US [-rə-] adjective
■relating to or thinking about the past 涉及以往的；追溯的；回顾的
• a retrospective album of solo Freddie Mercury tracks 弗雷迪．墨丘利独唱歌曲回顾专辑
adj. 回顾的；怀旧的；可追溯的
 - nostalgic, reminiscent

Word: confidentiality
Front: confidentiality
[ˌkɒnfɪˌdenʃiˈæləti] (9034/7229)
Vocabulary: confidentiality
(once / 12764 pages)
n
Confidentiality is what you observe when you keep things secret. If you happen to be a mafia boss with lots of dark secrets, you'll want to be sure you can count on complete confidentiality from your wife and family.
Confidentiality is important not just to people involved in illegal activities. You expect your close friends and family to keep your secrets — you count on their confidentiality. Confidentiality might also apply to your job — if your company is working on a new computer game, confidentiality is essential to prevent leaks to your competitors. The word confidentiality includes the Latin root fides, which means "faith," or "trust."
WORD FAMILY
confidential: confidentiality, confidentially+/ confidence: confidences, confidential, self-confidence/ confident: confidence, confidenter, confidently, overconfident, self-confident / overconfident: overconfidence, overconfidently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Universities and regulators sacrifice full autonomy by signing confidentiality agreements.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But the company says its photo department workers “are required to adhere to a strict confidentiality policy.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Local media outlets report that the settlement was reached in October, but the amount couldn’t be disclosed previously because of a confidentiality agreement.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 机密性
分布：保密(70%)，机密(30%)
US [ˌkɑ:n.fɪ.den.tʃi'æl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when something is confidential 秘密性，机密性
• patient/client confidentiality 为病人／委托人保密
• All replies will be treated with complete confidentiality. 所有的答覆将被视为绝密。
n. [计] 机密，机密性
 - secret, private and confidential

Word: lineage
Front: lineage
[ˈlɪniɪdʒ] (托宝 9046/10290)
Vocabulary: lineage
(once / 2140 pages)
1n 2n
The word lineage is used to describe everyone who descends from a particular ancestor. Mozart had six children, but none of them had children of their own, so the composer’s lineage ended after one generation.
If you put an adjective like artistic or spiritual before lineage, it becomes clear you're talking about people who are related by ideas or attitude, not by blood. There are many composers, even today, who trace their musical lineage to Mozart, even though his actual lineage ended in the 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
lineage: lineages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course that doesn’t solve the conflict of interest, it just pushes it down the Trump lineage.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
One of main goals of the restaurant will be to show Mexico's biodiversity and strong culinary lineage on a global stage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
At its best, this country still defines itself by a set of political values, not a particular ethnic lineage.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 血统，世系
分布：血统(80%)，家系(14%)，直系(6%)
→来自line,线，引申词义宗系，血统。
血统;系统(line+age状态→直线[直系]状态)[line=line,表示"直线,线条"]
formal
noun countable or uncountable
■the members of a person's family who are directly related to that person and who lived a long time before him or her 血统；世系
• She's very proud of her ancient royal lineage. 她为自己拥有古老的皇室血统倍感自豪。
n. 血统；家系， [遗] 世系
 - birth, blood, stem, stock

Word: reappear
Front: reappear
[ˌri:əˈpɪə(r)] (9045/7580 -1)
Vocabulary: reappear
(once / 606 pages)
v
When something shows up again, it reappears. A diver can plunge into the water from the diving board, swim underwater, and reappear at the far end of the pool.
A magician might make your ten dollar bill disappear, but it's not a great trick if she doesn't then make it reappear. You may think your winter cold is over until the symptoms — sneezing and coughing — reappear suddenly. Anything that goes away and comes back reappears. The word adds the "again" prefix re- to appear, from its Latin root apparere, "come in sight."
WORD FAMILY
reappear: reappearance, reappeared, reappearing, reappears+/ appear: appearance, appeared, appearing, appears, disappear, reappear / appearance: appearances, nonappearance/appearing: appearings/ disappear: disappearance, disappeared, disappearing, disappears/disappearance: disappearances/disappearing: disappearings/reappearance: reappearances
USAGE EXAMPLES
He first appeared with Trump during the spring’s Indiana primary and reappeared at rallies in the Midwest during the general-election stretch run.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He first appeared with Trump during the spring’s Indiana primary and reappeared at rallies in the Midwest during the general election stretch run.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 1980 she reappeared in The Empire Strikes Back and, three years later in the third Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 再（出）现; 再发生
时态：reappeared, reappearing, reappears
分布：再出现(100%)
再出现(re+appear出现)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
US [-'pɪr] verb intransitive
■to appear again or return after a period of time 再出现；重新显露
• Ten minutes later she reappeared from the storeroom holding the paint. 10分钟后她拿着油漆从储藏室出来了。

Word: booming
Front: booming
['bu:mɪŋ] (9047/14251)
Back: adj. 急速发展的
v. 激增( boom的现在分词 ); 猛涨; 发出隆隆声; 以低沉有力的声音说话
分布：兴旺的(38%)，繁荣的(37%)，轰隆作响的(25%)
N-COUNT
（经济的）繁荣，景气
If there is a boom in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity, for example in the amount of things that are being bought and sold.
例：An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction...接着出现了经济繁荣，尤其是在房地产业和建筑业。
例：The 1980s were indeed boom years.20世纪80年代是真正的繁荣时期。
N-COUNT
（数量的）增长；（频率的）加快；成功
A boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success.
例：The boom in the sport's popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations...该项体育运动的兴起意味着制定更加严格的安全规则的呼声更高了。
例：Public transport has not been able to cope adequately with the travel boom.公共交通系统还不能充分满足迅速发展的旅游业的需求。
VERB
（经济或生意）景气，繁荣
If the economy or a business is booming, the amount of things being bought or sold is increasing.
例：By 1988 the economy was booming...到1988年经济一直很繁荣。
例：Sales are booming...销售额在快速增长。
N-COUNT
（船帆的）下桁；帆桁
On a boat, the boom is the long pole which is attached to the bottom of the sail and to the mast and which you move when you want to alter the direction in which you are sailing.
N-COUNT
浮木挡栅，水栅（用来阻挡溢出的油扩散）
A boom is a large floating barrier that is used for stopping oil that has spilled from spreading.
VERB
（人)吼叫；（大炮或大鼓）发隆隆声
When something such as someone's voice, a cannon, or a big drum booms, it makes a loud, deep sound that lasts for several seconds.
例：'Ladies,' boomed Helena, without a microphone, 'we all know why we're here tonight.'...“女士们，”海伦娜大声喊道，没有用麦克风，“我们都知道今晚我们为什么来到这里。”
例：Thunder boomed like battlefield cannons over Crooked Mountain.雷声像战场上的炮声一样响彻克鲁克德山。
adj. 兴旺的，繁荣的；大受欢迎的
 - prosperous, flourishing
v. 兴旺（boom的ing形式）；发出隆隆声
 - thriving

Word: amusing
Front: amusing
[əˈmju:zɪŋ] (9042/6350 -K2)
Vocabulary: amusing
(once / 332 pages)
adj
The adjective amusing describes someone or something that makes you laugh. Something that you find amusing, like your favorite stand up comic, might be less amusing to your easily offended grandmother.
A pastime that's enjoyably diverting can also be described as amusing, like playing board games on a rainy day. Amusing comes from the verb amuse, which is itself from the Middle French word amuser. Interestingly, amuser meant "to stare at stupidly," and the English word originally meant "to deceive by distraction." The more benign funny and enjoyable meanings didn't arise until much later, but they eventually made the original meaning obsolete.
WORD FAMILY
amusing: amusingest, amusingly+/ amuse: amused, amusement, amuses, amusing, amusive/ amused: amusedly/ amusement: amusements/amusive: amusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But what begins as amusing scattiness starts tipping towards something darker and sadder.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Humanoid robot Pepper is amusing, but is it practical?
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The tale of Navarro’s two unsuccessful campaigns as a Democrat, for Congress and mayor, the memoir is surprisingly amusing and remarkably candid.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的
分布：有趣的(63%)，引人发笑的(37%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■entertaining 好笑的，有趣的；引人发笑的
• an amusing story/person/situation 有趣的故事／风趣的人／好笑的场面
adj. 有趣的，好玩的；引人发笑的
 - colorful, funny
v. 逗乐；打发；使…高兴（amuse的ing形式）
 - sending

Word: herbal
Front: herbal
[ˈhɜ:bl] (9052/15287 -1)
Back: adj. 药草的; 草本的
n. 草药书; 〈古〉草本志; 植物标本
分布：草本植物的(100%)
→herb,草，草药，-al,形容词后缀。
US ['ɝ:-] adjective
■relating to or made from herbs 香草的；药草的
• herbal tea 药草茶
• herbal cigarettes/remedies 药草烟／疗法

Word: vegetarian
Front: vegetarian
[ˌvedʒəˈteəriən] (研托雅 9054/10146 -2)
Vocabulary: vegetarian
(once / 3596 pages)
n
A vegetarian is someone who doesn't eat any meat, including fish. Vegetarians eat a lot of salads.
This is a word that has to do with diet — what people eat. A vegetarian avoids meat, usually because it's healthier or they believe it's wrong to kill animals for food. Vegetarians will eat some animal products, like eggs and dairy, but vegans won't. Being vegan is harder than being a vegetarian, but both diets are becoming more common. Many animals are vegetarians, including our close relative, the gorilla.
WORD FAMILY
vegetarian: vegetarianism, vegetarians+/vegetarianism: vegetarianisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Which led Ken Charney to ask me if the Columbia Heights eatery, awarded 3½ stars in my fall dining guide, is suitable for a vegetarian.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The new Bank of England £5 note is not suitable for vegetarians...
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
That would be like trying to sell meat to a vegetarian and then complaining that it doesn't sell well.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 素食者; 食草动物
adj. 素食者的; 素菜的
分布：素食者(69%)，素食的(31%)
→来自vegetable,蔬菜，即吃蔬菜的人。
素食的(人)(vegetable蔬菜)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
n.素食主义者
US [-'ter.i-] noun countable (UK informal veggie)
 ADVANCED
■a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because they want to avoid being cruel to animals 素食者，素食主义者
• Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women. 在英国已有的400万素食主义者中，将近三分之二是女性。
Compare vegan
UK [ˌvedʒ.ɪ'teə.ri.ən] US [-'ter.i-] adjective (informal veggie)
 ADVANCED
■not eating or including meat 素食的；素的；不包括肉的
• vegetarian cooking/food 素食烹饪／食品
• a vegetarian dish/meal 素菜／素餐
• a vegetarian restaurant 素食餐馆
• She's recently gone/become vegetarian. 她最近成了素食主义者。
n. 素食者；食草动物
 - veggie, herbivore
adj. 素食的
 - meatless, maigre

Word: banquet
Front: banquet
[ˈbæŋkwɪt] (研六托雅宝 9056/9592 -1)
Vocabulary: banquet
(once / 479 pages)
nv
It’s customary to celebrate Thanksgiving with a banquet, or elaborate feast — along with the requisite bickering between family members.
If you sat down to a banquet in the earliest sense of this word, you’d surely be disappointed. Banquet comes from a French word meaning "bench," and originally a banquet was a small snack — something you could eat while sitting on a bench. If a particular family member isn’t cooperating at your next holiday meal, consider having him dine in this traditional fashion, on a bench somewhere far from the dining room table.
WORD FAMILY
banquet: banqueted, banqueting, banquets, banquetted, banquetting+/banqueting: banquetings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A banquet of sounds for all ages and attitudes, although admittedly, not one at which wellies are necessary.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Wells purchased the figurine that night and the team brought it to the banquet.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“It’s like the appetizer at the corruption banquet. I’ve never seen anything like it.”
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 宴会，盛宴; 筵席; 宴请，款待
vt. 宴请，设宴招待; 饮宴，参加宴会
vi. 参加宴会
时态：banqueted, banquetting, banquets
分布：宴会(84%)，设宴(6%)，宴请(6%)，参加宴会(4%)
→banq, 同bench, 凳子。-et, 小词后缀。原指几个朋友在小凳上吃点心，短暂休息。后词义转为盛大的宴会。
n.(正式的)宴会vi.参加宴会vt.宴情They banqueted her when she became the director of the company.当她就任这家公司的经理时, 他们为她举行了宴会.
【源】由古法语banc一词衍生而来的，在日耳曼族语中表“长凳”之意。在古法语中其意已由“小椅子”变为“全家围坐在一起吃的一顿饭”，再演变为“宴席”。
【记】ban禁止，que缺，t他。禁止缺他。因为这是宴会—为某位客人特设的筵席—所以不能缺席。
noun countable
■a large formal meal for many people, often followed by speeches in honour of someone （正式的）宴会
• Medieval banquets are held in the castle once a month. 每个月在城堡里举行一次中世纪风格的宴会。
dinner, feast, banquet, party
这组词都有“宴会”的意思，其区别是：
dinner: 普通用词，含义广。本义指一日的主餐，但多用于指宴请客人的正式的一餐。
feast: 指筵席酒席，有时可与banquet换用，但前者强调共享欢乐的气氛。
banquet: 指正式而盛大的宴会或国宴。
party: 指一般的社交聚会，也引申指宴请或宴会。
n. 宴会，盛宴；宴请，款待
 - entertainment, treat
vt. 宴请，设宴款待
 - feast, dine
vi. 参加宴会
 - feast

Word: fine
Front: fine
[faɪn] (中高托雅 704/660 -K3)
Vocabulary: fine
(once / 25 pages)
1adjadv 2nv 3adv
A fine is a fee you pay when you break the rules, as in not turning in library materials on time, resulting in a fine. As an adjective, fine means "high quality" or "unblemished" like fine china.
If you read music, you know that fine is a spot where the music finishes. Wine, food or porcelain that is exceptionally delicious, well-made, or beautiful is called fine. Fine also means that things are okay or acceptable, like when someone asks how you are and you reply, “I'm fine.” When you are caught doing something wrong, paying a fine, money paid as a penalty, may result.
WORD FAMILY
fine: fineable, fined, finely, fineness, finer, finery, fines, finest, fining+/fineness: finenesses/ finery: fineries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Someone convicted of killing a turtle faces a maximum fine of about $240 and up to three months in jail.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The weather reporters, he added, didn’t seem that interested in the finer points of the science.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Erickson, now a paleontologist at Florida State University in Tallahassee, noticed more than 900 fine lines resembling tree rings on the tooth.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 好的，上等的; 纤细的，精致的; 健康的; 晴朗的
n. 罚款; [音乐]终止; 晴天; 地租
vt. 罚款; 澄清
adv. 很好地; 巧妙地
时态：fined, fining, fines
分布：好的(37%)，罚款(29%)，晴朗的(7%)，罚金(7%)，细化(5%)，精致的(4%)，健康的(4%)，细微的(3%)，优质的(2%)，恰好地(1%)，结尾(1%)
→来自拉丁语finis, 终结，边界，词源同finish. 引申义接近极点的，最高程度的，精细的，好的。罚金义来自终结债务，解决争端等。词义演变参照sublime.
a.晴朗的,美好的,细致的v./n.罚金,罚款The refiner defined a definite confine with her fine finger.提炼者用她精细的手指定义了一个明确的界限.
adjective
SATISFACTORY 令人满意的
 ESSENTIAL [after verb]
■good or good enough; healthy and well 好的；够好的；健康的，身体好的
• I felt terrible last night but I feel fine this morning. 我昨晚感觉很不舒服，但今天早上就好了。
• The apartments are very small, which is fine for one person. 这些公寓很小，一个人住正合适。
• "Are you all right?" "Everything's just fine, thanks." “你没事吧？”“我没甚么事，谢谢。”
• "I'll come round to your place at eight." "Fine. See you then." “我八点到你家来。”“好的，到时见。”
[faɪn] adjective
EXCELLENT 杰出的
 ESSENTIAL
■excellent or much better than average 杰出的；优秀的；极好的
• purveyors of fine wines and gourmet food 美酒佳肴的供应商
• The world's finest collection of Impressionist paintings is housed in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. 巴黎奥塞美术馆拥有世界上最棒的印象派画作馆藏。
• This building is the finest example of its type. 这栋建筑是同类建筑中最杰出的代表。
[faɪn] adjective
THIN 纤细的
■very thin or in very small pieces or drops 纤细的；颗粒细小的
• The baby's head was covered in fine blond hair. 婴儿的头上长满金色细发。
• The eruption had covered the town with a fine layer of ash. 火山爆发使整个镇盖上了一层细细的火山灰。
• Apply a fine line of highlighter along the middle of your top lip. 用唇线笔沿着上唇的中线细细地画上一道。
• She has inherited her mother's fine (= delicate and beautiful) features. 这副清秀的面容是母亲遗传给她的。
[faɪn] adjective
EXACT 精确的
[usually before noun]
■very exact and delicate, or needing to be done, treated or considered very carefully 精确的；精密的
• I understood in general what she was talking about, but some of the finer details/points were beyond me. 我大致上理解她在说些甚么，但是有一些具体的细节／问题没有弄明白。
• There's a fine line between love and hate. 爱恨之间仅仅一线之差。
[faɪn] adjective
SUNNY 阳光充沛的 mainly UK sunny and dry 晴朗的
• The weather forecast said it would be fine and dry today. 气象预报说今天天气晴朗干燥。
[faɪn] adjective
BAD 坏的 informal
■bad or not convenient 糟糕的；不合时宜的
• That's a fine (= very unpleasant) thing to say about your father after all he's done for you! 你的父亲为你做了这一切之后，你居然说出这种混帐话来！
• He picked a fine time to leave us. 在那个时候扔下我们走了，他可真会挑时间。
[faɪn] adjective
have sth down to a fine art (UK also have sth off to a fine art)
■to be able to do something very well or quickly, often because you have done it so many times 把…学到家；做…的技能达到炉火纯青的地步
[faɪn] adjective
not to put too fine a point on
■to be completely direct and honest 直言不讳地说，坦率地讲
• I think she's wrong - not to put too fine a point on it. 打开天窗说亮话吧，我认为她是错的。
[faɪn] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law 罚款，罚金
• The maximum penalty for the offence is a $1000 fine. 违者最高可遭判罚1000美元。
• If found guilty, he faces six months in jail and a heavy (= severe) fine. 如果被判有罪，等待他的将是六个月的监禁和巨额罚款。
[faɪn] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law 处…以罚款；处…以罚金
• Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily. 超速驾车的司机将须缴付巨额罚款。
• [+ two objects] They fined him $100 for using threatening behaviour. 他因威胁恐吓行为而被罚100美元。
[faɪn] adverb
 IMPROVER
■in a satisfactory way 令人满意地
• "Will a loan of $500 be sufficient?" "That will suit me fine." “借你500美元够吗？”“足够了。”
• It was working fine yesterday. 它昨天还好好的。
delicate, fine, subtle
这组词都有“微妙的，细微的”的意思，其区别是：
delicate: 侧重指需要谨慎处理和对待。
fine: 隐含“不易察觉的”意味。
subtle: 侧重有洞察、领悟事物细微差别以及微妙关系的能力。
beautiful, lovely, handsome, fine, pretty, fair
这组词都有“美丽的，漂亮的”的意思，其区别是：
beautiful: 普通用词，含义广泛，语气最强，指优美和谐，是一种几乎接近完美的美。指人时通常形容女人或小孩，很少用于描写男子。
lovely: 普通用词，描写人时，主要指女人和小孩的相貌，语气不如beautiful强。
handsome: 多用于描写男性的英俊潇洒。有时也形容女人，指其五官端正，体态秀丽。
fine: 指在容貌、身材或风度等方面令人感到可爱。用于事物时，强调形式或内容的优美。
pretty: 普通用词，语气比beautiful弱，多用于描写妇女、儿童以及小巧玲珑，精美可爱之物。
fair: 正式用词，多用于文学中，形容女子和儿童，侧重外表的美。
adj. 好的；优良的；细小的，精美的；健康的；晴朗的
 - good, ok, healthy, great, robust
n. 罚款
 - monetary penalty
vt. 罚款；澄清
 - clarify, amerce
adv. 很好地；精巧地
 - well, Okay

Word: frost
Front: frost
[frɒst] (高研四六托雅 21397/6935 -1)
Vocabulary: frost
(once / 448 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
Frost is a thin, icy coating that forms on very cold, damp nights. During a New England winter, you'll have to scrape frost off your car windshield almost every morning.
Frost is made of tiny crystals of ice that appear white and tend to form on windows, the ground, trees, and cars. While frost can be lovely on a window, with its snowflake shapes and patterns, it can also be dangerous for farm crops if it forms unexpectedly early or late in the year. Frost comes directly from the Old English, and it has a Proto-Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
frost: defrost, frosted, frosting, frosts, frosty +/ defrost: defrosted, defroster, defrosting, defrosts/defroster: defrosters/frosted: unfrosted/frosting: frostings/ frosty: frostier, frostiest, frostily, frostiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A frost was reported in Vermont every month in 1816, which included a June snowstorm.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Many would recognize his voice as that of Tony the Tiger for Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
He imagines a decadent chocolate cake with creamy frosting.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使结冰霜; 冻坏; （在蛋糕上）撒糖霜
vi. 结霜; 受冻
n. 霜冻，结霜; 严寒，寒冷; 冷淡
时态：frosted, frosting, frosts
分布：霜(66%)，霜冻(21%)，结霜(5%)，严寒(5%)，冻死(2%)，用糖衣装饰(1%)
→词源同freeze, 冷，冻结。用来指霜冻。
n.霜,霜冻,严寒The costly post was postponed because of the frost.那件昂贵的邮件由于霜的缘故而延搁.
US [frɑ:st] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(a period of time in which there is) an air temperature below the freezing point of water, or the white, powdery layer of ice which forms in these conditions, especially outside at night 霜期；冰冻天气；霜
• There was a frost last night. 昨天晚上下霜了。
• When I woke up this morning the ground was covered with frost. 我今天早晨醒来的时候地面上覆盖了一层霜。
• There were a lot of hard/heavy (= severe) frosts that winter. 那年冬天多次出现严重的霜冻。
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
COLD 冷的
intransitive or transitive
■to become covered in frost 结霜
• Our bedroom window frosted up. 我们卧室的窗户上结霜了。
• Our lawn is frosted over. 我们的草坪上结了一层霜。
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
CAKE 糕饼
transitive US (UK ice)
■to cover a cake with frosting 给（糕饼等）撒糖霜
• Leave the cake to cool before frosting it. 等蛋糕晾凉了再撒糖霜。
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
HAIR 头发
transitive US
■to make narrow strips of a person's hair a more pale colour than the surrounding hair 挑染（头发）
UK [frɒst] US [frɑ:st] verb
GLASS 玻璃
transitive
■to intentionally make glass less smooth to stop it being transparent 为（玻璃）制毛面
vt. 结霜于；冻坏
 - freeze off
n. 霜； [气象] 冰冻，严寒；冷淡
 - Jack Frost, indifference

Word: flash
Front: flash
[flæʃ] (高研四六托雅 3500/4001 -K3)
Vocabulary: flash
(once / 88 pages)
1vn 2vn 3vnadj 4v
Ever notice how quick the flash is on a camera? That's how fast other types of flashes are, including the super-fast superhero The Flash.
Whether you're talking about a flash of lighting or a flash of insight, a flash is quick and bright and sudden. There aren't any slow, long flashes. Because flashes are so fast, the word is often used for anything that happens really quickly: a flash is as fast as a New York minute, the blink of an eye, a heartbeat, an instant, a jiffy, or a split second.
WORD FAMILY
flash: flashed, flasher, flashes, flashing, flashingly, flashly, flashy +/flasher: flashers/flashing: flashings/ flashy: flashier, flashiest, flashily, flashiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I think of what might flash before me on my deathbed, I hope it will be the impact of my film.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Minnesota: The Gophers showed flashes of being able to stay with a top team, but need to cut down on turnovers.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But he shows flashes of brilliance and signs of leadership.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 使闪光，使闪烁; 拍出，发出（电报等）; 〈口〉炫耀
n. 闪光; 闪光灯下摄成的照片; 一瞬间; 浮华
adj. 闪光的，闪耀的，一闪而过的; 浮华的; 庞大的
时态：flashed, flashing, flashes
分布：闪光(79%)，闪现(15%)，掠过(3%)，一刹那(2%)，亵渎性暴露(1%)
→拟声词，模仿物体或火把快速闪过的声音。比较clash, dash, flush, splash. 引申各相关词义。
n./a.闪光(的)v.发闪光,闪亮;闪现The ashtray, splashed with ash, crashed with a clash in a flash while being washed.那个溅有灰尘的烟灰盘在清洗时咣当一声一下子摔碎了.
verb
SHINE SUDDENLY 突然发光
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to shine brightly and suddenly, or to make something shine in this way （使）闪耀，（使）闪光
• Stop flashing that light in my eyes! 别拿那个手电筒晃我的眼睛了！
• The lightning flashed and distant thunder rolled. 电光闪过，远处雷声隆隆。
• You'd better slow down, that car was flashing (its lights) at you. 你最好减速，那辆车正朝你闪车灯呢。
intransitive literary
■If someone's eyes flash, they look bright because of the anger or excitement the person is feeling. （眼睛因愤怒或激动而）发亮，闪耀
[flæʃ] verb
MOVE FAST 迅速移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move very fast 飞驰，掠过
• They flashed past/by on a motorcycle. 他们骑着摩托车飞驰而过。
[flæʃ] verb
SHOW QUICKLY 快速显示
transitive
■to show something for a short time （快速）出示，显示
• He flashed a smile and offered to buy me a drink. 他笑了一下，随即提出请我喝一杯。
intransitive or transitive informal
■If someone flashes, they show their sexual organs in public 露私，当众暴露性器官
• He came out of the bushes and flashed at me. 他从灌木中出来，向我暴露私处。
[flæʃ] verb
COMMUNICATE 通信
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to communicate something quickly, especially using radio or light waves （尤指用无线电或光波）通信，联络
• Within moments of an event happening, the news can be flashed around the world. 事件发生之后不久，消息就能迅速传遍世界。
[flæʃ] verb
SUDDEN EXPERIENCE 突然的经历
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■If something flashes through/across your mind, you suddenly or quickly think of it （想法等）突然闪现
• The thought suddenly flashed through my mind that she didn't want to be here. 我突然想到，她不想来这里。
[flæʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  flash sth around/about informal
■to intentionally make people understand that you have something valuable, especially in order to make them feel unhappy because they do not have it 炫耀
• She was flashing her engagement ring around. 她正在四处炫耀她的订婚戒指。
[flæʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  flash back
■If your mind or thoughts flash back to something that happened in the past, you suddenly remember it 回忆起，回想起，记起
• Her mind flashed back to the day of their divorce. 她回忆起他们离婚那天的情景。
[flæʃ] noun
BRIGHT LIGHT 闪光
countable
■a sudden bright light that quickly disappears 闪光；闪耀
• a flash of lightning 一道闪电
• The bomb exploded in a flash of yellow light. 一道黄光，炸弹爆炸了。
[flæʃ] noun
SUDDEN EXPERIENCE 突然的经历
countable usually singular
■a sudden, powerful emotional or mental experience （情感的）突发；（想法的）突现
• The idea came to her in a flash of inspiration/genius. 灵光一闪，她便有了这个主意。
[flæʃ] noun
PHOTOGRAPHY 摄影
countable or uncountable
■the device or system used to produce a bright light for a short time when taking a photograph 闪光灯；闪光操纵装置
• Where's the flash for the camera? 照相机的闪光灯在哪里？
• It's quite dark in here, I'll have to use flash. 这里相当暗，我要用闪光灯。
[flæʃ] noun
MILITARY SIGN 军队的标记
countable UK
■a small object or piece of material worn on a military uniform as a sign of rank, or (on clothing) a strip or mark of colour different from the main colour （佩于军服上的）徽章，肩章，臂章；（衣服上的）色条，色块
[flæʃ] noun
QUICK LOOK 飞快地看
countable humorous
■a quick look at something 飞快的一瞥
• She leant over and I caught a flash of pink underwear. 她屈身过来，我一眼瞥见了粉红色的内衣。
[flæʃ] noun
a flash in the pan
■something that happened only once or for a short time and was not repeated 昙花一现
• Sadly, their success was just a flash in the pan. 不幸的是，他们的成功仅仅是昙花一现。
[flæʃ] noun
in a flash (also quick as a flash) informal
■quickly or suddenly 转瞬间，刹那间
• The ceremony was over in a flash. 仪式转眼就结束了。
[flæʃ] adjective UK
■looking expensive in a way that attracts attention 昂贵的；奢华的
• That's a very flash suit he's wearing. 他穿的那套西装看上去十分昂贵。
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vt. 使闪光；反射
 - reflect, mirror
n. 闪光，闪现；一瞬间
 - stroboflash, coruscation
vi. 闪光，闪现；反射
 - reflect, flare light
adj. 闪光的，火速的
 - shot, coruscant

Word: motto
Front: motto
[ˈmɒtəʊ] (高雅宝 9048/9695 -1)
Vocabulary: motto
(once / 717 pages)
n
A motto is a slogan or favorite saying, like "When life hands you lemons, make lemonade."
A motto is something you might see on a t-shirt or bumper sticker — a short sentence or phrase that has meaning for that person. Some mottoes have to do with politics, religion, or another belief. Sometimes People write their motto on a large banner or sign so others can see it. President John F. Kennedy's motto was “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” Mottoes are similar to proverbs, slogans, and catchphrases.
WORD FAMILY
motto: mottoes, mottos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This year, our motto was ‘Embrace The Target,’” Watkins said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The tiny insect became prominent on club T-shirts and one version includes the motto “For every one you see there’s ten you don’t.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He built the local bank during its most successful days, and never lost sight of its “Friend of the Family” motto.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 座右铭; 格言; 箴言; 主题句
分布：座右铭(81%)，箴言(19%)
→来自意大利语motto,格言，来自拉丁语muttire,说，咕哝，词源同mutter,mot,motet.
座右铭(mot动...行动之指南)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】读：猫头，原指刻有猫头的盾牌的背面刻着的座右铭
US ['mɑ:.tˌoʊ] noun countable (plural mottos or mottoes)
■a short sentence or phrase that expresses a belief or purpose 座右铭，格言，箴言
• Her motto is "Work hard, play hard". 她的座右铭是“努力工作，痛快玩乐”。
n. 座右铭，格言；箴言
 - imprese, maxim

Word: china
Vocabulary: china
(once / 3211 pages)
n
China is a kind of ceramic or porcelain tableware. If your grandmother asks you to put the china on the table, you'll grab a stack of plates.
You can use the word china, with a lowercase c, to mean dishes or plates in general, although the word usually specifies a fine, high-quality kind of ceramic. A china tea cup is delicate, and has a matching saucer, and your dad's best china might only come out at Thanksgiving. Because this delicate kind of dish was originally imported from China, it was first called Chinaware, later shortened to china.
WORD FAMILY
china: chinas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Born in Europe, she was a fabulous cook and entertained beautifully — silver always polished, china laid just so.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
All that marble, those heavy drapes and selecting new china.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The dining room is set with the state china and dark red napkins with greens and wreaths hanging on the mantles and windows.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)

Word: trash
Front: trash
[træʃ] (研托 4408/16241 -1)
Vocabulary: trash
(once / 1239 pages)
1nv 2n
Trash is rubbish or garbage — it's the stuff that gets thrown away. Your town might organize a clean-up day each year when people pick up trash in parks and neighborhoods.
Trash is dirty, worthless, leftover debris. Fittingly, the word is also a terribly derogatory term for useless, low-status people: "I should've known you were nothing but trash." And to trash talk is to brutally criticize or gossip about someone. You can even use trash as a verb, to mean "throw away," as in, "I'm going to trash this trash in that trash can over there."
WORD FAMILY
trash: trashed, trashes, trashing, trashy+/trashy: trashier, trashiest, trashily, trashiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shuafat camp is often depicted in the international media as the most dangerous place in Jerusalem, a crucible of crime, jihad and trash fires.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He has also been flipped over many times by large waves and encountered sprawling islands of floating trash.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
FBI agents now theorize that the hard drive might have been thrown into a trash bin and be buried in a landfill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 垃圾，废物; 断枝，碎块; 废话; 社会渣滓
vt. 废弃; 拆毁; 搞垮，贬低; 从…上除去细枝或枝条
时态：trashed, trashing, trashes
分布：垃圾(89%)，废物(6%)，捣毁(2%)，废弃(2%)，擦去(1%)
→词源不详。
n.垃圾;拙劣的作品;渣滓,败类His head is filled with trash.他的脑子里全是垃圾.
noun uncountable
THINGS 东西
 IMPROVER informal
■something that is of low quality 废物，垃圾
• I can't believe that someone of his intelligence can read such trash! 我简直不敢相信他这么聪明的人竟然读这种垃圾东西！
• There's only trash on the television tonight. 今晚的电视节目尽是些垃圾。
 IMPROVER US for
■rubbish 胡说；说无意义的话
• The trash really stinks - why don't you take it out? 这垃圾真臭——你为甚么不拿出去？
[træʃ] noun uncountable
PEOPLE 人
[+ sing/pl verb] US informal
■an insulting way of referring to a group of people that you have no respect for 窝囊废，废物
• We don't have anything to do with the people in the apartment below us - they're trash. 我们与楼下公寓的人没有任何关系——他们是群废物。
[træʃ] noun uncountable
talk trash informal
■to say things that do not have a lot of meaning 说废话
• There are too many radio shows featuring idiots who call in and talk trash all day. 在很多广播节目里，总有一些白痴整天打进电话说些废话。
US informal
■to criticize other people, especially unfairly or cruelly （尤指不公或残忍地）批评，指责
[træʃ] verb transitive informal
THROW AWAY 丢弃
■to throw something away 丢弃
• I simply trash that sort of mail. 对于那种邮件，我索性一丢了之。
[træʃ] verb transitive informal
DAMAGE 破坏
■to destroy or severely damage something 破坏；拆毁（破坏或严重损坏某物）
• The guys got angry and trashed the bar. 这些人一气之下把酒吧砸了个稀巴烂。
[træʃ] verb transitive informal
CRITICIZE 批评
■to criticize something or someone severely 猛烈批评，痛斥
• The boss completely trashed her work, in front of everyone. 老板当着众人面前把她的工作批得一无是处。
n. 垃圾；废物
 - refuse, garbage, waste, junk, rubbish
vt. 丢弃；修建树枝
 - slough off, reject

Word: luxurious
Front: luxurious
[lʌgˈʒʊəriəs] (六托宝 9064/8565 -1)
Vocabulary: luxurious
(once / 631 pages)
adj
The adjective luxurious describes something that is of very high quality or expensive taste, like your luxurious living room filled with the softest rugs and gorgeous furniture hand-crafted in Italy.
In the 14th century, luxurious didn't mean what it does today; it meant "lascivious, lecherous, unchaste." What happened? The invention of bling for one thing, and the rise of a culture that celebrates material pleasures. Today, luxurious translates as exclusive, comfortable, expensive and superior in quality, like a luxurious home featured in a magazine about rich people and their favorite things.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
luxuriant / luxurious
No doubt advertising affects language. Where would we be without the free gift, new and improved, or supersize? (Perhaps writing more grammatically and eating more healthily...) In yet another attempt to reduce English to features and selling points, advertisers often use luxuriant to describe their products or services:
Luxuriant Cracked Heel Repair
Luxuriant Christmas Tree Wallpaper
Miralux Luxuriant Mattress
Problem is luxuriant means lush growth; thick and rich. As in a luxuriant growth of leaves in the spring. What those advertisers really want is luxurious, as in self-indulgent; comfort, elegance, or enjoyment in the extreme:
Mediterranea ... is a luxurious community situated adjacent to the sea, boasting stunning views of the Mediterranean.
This luxurious penthouse at the One Hyde Park development in the Knightsbridge of London just sold for a record-breaking £140 million or $220 million.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy orders brand new, luxurious presidential jet to rival Air Force One
As a society, we tolerate a lot of bent or outright broken language rules in advertising. We tune a lot of it out, anyway. But the careful writer should not emulate advertising-speak and should be wary of copying its word usage. Using luxuriant for luxurious is very much considered an error and is to be avoided.
WORD FAMILY
luxurious: luxuriously, luxuriousness+/ luxuriate: luxuriated, luxuriates, luxuriating, luxuriation/luxuriation: luxuriations/ luxury: luxuriate, luxuries, luxurious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wealthy businessmen and officials were purchasing elaborate carvings as luxurious gifts or, in some cases, bribes.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, my time on the most rugged hilltop trail was surprisingly luxurious.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The properties will be so luxurious, the Trump Organization says, that even an impressive five-star rating will not do them justice.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 奢侈的; 豪华的; 放纵的; 词藻华丽的
分布：豪华的(74%)，奢侈的(26%)
→来自luxury,奢华，奢侈。
US [-'ʒʊr.i-] adjective
■very comfortable and expensive 奢侈的，豪华的，奢华的
• They have a very luxurious house. 他们有一座十分豪华的房子。
• We spent a luxurious weekend at a country hotel. 我们在一家乡村饭店渡过了一个奢华的周末。
■giving great pleasure 舒服的，舒适的；享乐的
• The cat gave a long, luxurious stretch. 猫舒舒服服地伸了一个长长的懒腰。
adj. 奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的；特级的
 - abundant, super, full, extravagant

Word: on-site
Front: on-site
[ɒn sɑɪt] None
Back: adj. &adv. 现场的; [化] 场区内，在工地上，就地
分布：现场的(67%)，现场地(33%)
US [ˌɑ:n-] adjective adverb
■existing or happening in the place where people are working or involved in a particular activity 在工地（的）；在现场（的）
• on-site facilities 现场设施
• We're meeting the builders on-site tomorrow. 我们与建筑工人明天在工地会面。
adj. 现场的
 - spot, on-the-spot

Word: ratify
Front: ratify
[ˈrætɪfaɪ] (托宝 9065/8084 -2)
Vocabulary: ratify
(once / 524 pages)
v
To ratify a treaty or contract is to officially approve it by signing or voting for it. You and your brothers and sisters might devise a plan for a family vacation to Disney World, but it would need to be ratified by your parents.
You are most likely to hear the word ratify when talking about laws. In the US, Congress writes bills, but they need to be ratified before they become law. An amendment to the U.S. Constitution must be ratified by three-fourths of the states, either passed by the state legislatures or by state conventions.
WORD FAMILY
ratify: ratification, ratified, ratifier, ratifies, ratifying+/ ratification: ratifications/ ratified: unratified/ratifier: ratifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even when the U.S. ratifies treaties, the government often adds a caveat that excludes protection of some basic rights.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
In October, the accord officially entered into force when more than 55 countries, representing more than 55 percent of global emissions, ratified the deal.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The court was hobbled from the beginning, Nice said, by the world’s most populous states’ refusal to ratify the treaty.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 批准; 认可
时态：ratified, ratifying, ratifies
分布：批准(81%)，认可(19%)
→来自 rate,评估，评价，-fy,使。即经过评估的。
证实(通过计算证实)[ral=calculate,表示"计算"]
US ['rætˌ.ə-] formal
verb transitive
■(especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official （尤指政府或组织）正式批准，使正式生效，正式签署
• Many countries have now ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child. 很多国家现在已经正式签署了联合国儿童权利公约。
• The decision will have to be ratified (= approved) by the executive board. 这个决议必须要经过管理委员会的批准。
vt. 批准；认可
 - confirm, allow, authorize

Word: equilibrium
Front: equilibrium
[ˌi:kwɪˈlɪbriəm] (六托雅宝 9063/4064 -1)
Vocabulary: equilibrium
(once / 1397 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Equilibrium is a state of balance. If you play sports so much that you don't have time for your studies, you need to study more and play less, until sports and studying reach a point of equilibrium. Or become a professional athlete.
The word equilibrium is commonly used to refer to mental or emotional balance, and a near synonym in this sense is composure. In chemistry, equilibrium is the condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction occur at equal rates. This noun is from Latin aequilībrium, from the prefix aequi- "equal" plus lībra "a balance, scale."
WORD FAMILY
equilibrium: disequilibrium, equilibria, equilibrise, equilibriums, equilibrize+/disequilibrium: disequilibriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet they press against the surrounding black, holding the surface in a vibrating equilibrium.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Eventually equilibrium was reached, and someday we will reach equilibrium, too.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It asked about some of the assumptions programmed into such models, including the agency’s view of the correct “equilibrium climate sensitivity.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 平衡，均势; 平静
分布：平衡(73%)，均衡(24%)，平静(3%)
→equ-, 平等，相等。-libra, 秤，见Libra, 天秤座。
【记】equi平等，libr＝balance（v 平衡）－平衡
【参】librate（v 摆动；保持平衡）；equipoise（n 平衡；均衡）；poise（n 平衡；镇静vt 使平衡vi 平衡）；记：pose放在I上平衡一下，想象一下跷跷板。
slightly formal
noun [S or U]
■a state of balance 平衡；均衡
• The disease destroys much of the inner-ear, disturbing the animal's equilibrium. 这种疾病破坏动物内耳的大部分组织，妨碍其保持均衡。
• the country's economic equilibrium 该国经济的均衡发展
■a state of mental calmness （心情或情绪的）平静，安宁；心理平衡
• Yoga is said to restore one's inner equilibrium. 据说练瑜伽可以使人恢复内心的平静。
n. 均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力
 - peace, proportion, equalization

Word: gravy
Front: gravy
[ˈgreɪvi] (9062/12580 -1)
Back: n. 肉汁，肉卤; 〈美俚〉非法所得的钱，意外之财
分布：肉汁(80%)，肉汤(15%)，外快(5%)
→来自古法语grane, 沙司，炖汁，来自grain, 颗粒。即肉汁，形成颗粒条纹的汤汁。俚语义，美差。字母u, n拼写变化比较spouse, sponsor,同时在过去很长一段时间字母u,v拼写没有严格的区分。
noun uncountable
■a sauce made from meat juices, liquid and flour, and served with meat and vegetables 肉汁
n. 肉汁；不法利润；轻易得来的钱
 - bovril, gippo

Word: said
Front: said
[sed] (9053/7598)
Vocabulary: said
(once / 3 pages)
adj
The word said is the past tense of the verb "say," but it can also be used as an adjective to refer to something that has been previously introduced.
Although said is most commonly used as the past tense of the verb say, its use as an adjective comes mainly in legal and business writing. In that vein, the word offers a reference to something that was mentioned earlier. The judge may tell you that if you can't provide said evidence, your case will be dismissed. That evidence was mentioned before. If you don't know what the said example is, you must not have been paying attention.
WORD FAMILY
said: saidest, unsaid+/ say: said, saying, says, unsay/ saying: sayings/unsay: unsaying, unsays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Darnold, still calm as a librarian, said he was a little shocked.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The border agency said that there was “no indication” of malice involved in the system crash.
Time(Jan 03, 2017)
At Miami International Airport, thousands of passengers from more than 30 international flights were delayed from entering the country, a spokesman said.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: adj. [律]上述的; 少说为妙; （做）某事有/没有很多优点（或好处）：某事物有/没有多少可说的; 说到底
v. 说，讲( say的过去式和过去分词 ); 表明; 念; 说明
分布：上述的(100%)
verb past simple and past participle of
■say
[sed] adjective [before noun] legal
■used before the name of a person or thing you have already mentioned 上述的，前面提到的
• The said Joseph Brown was seen outside the house on the night of January 15th. 1月15日晚有人在那栋房子外面见到这个约瑟夫‧布朗。
adj. 上述的，该
 - same, aforementioned
v. 说（say的过去式和过去分词）
 - spake

Word: guaranteed
Front: guaranteed
['gærən'ti:d] (9074/7651)
Back: v. 担保(guarantee的过去式和过去分词)
adj. 有保证的; 有人担保的
分布：保证的(66%)，担保的(30%)，动词guarantee的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
ADJ
有保证的；确定的
If you say that something is guaranteed to happen, you mean that you are certain that it will happen.
例：Reports of this kind are guaranteed to cause anxiety...这种报道势必会引发忧虑。
例：It's guaranteed that my colleagues think I'm deranged...同事们一定以为我疯了。
adj. 有保证的，；有人担保的
 - certified
v. 担保（guarantee的过去式和过去分词）
 - secured

Word: seasoning
Front: seasoning
[ˈsi:zənɪŋ] (托宝 9078/13370 -1)
Back: n. 调味品，佐料; 风干，干燥（处理），老化
v. “season”的现在分词
分布：调料(100%)
→season,加调料，-ing,动名词后缀。引申词义调味品，调料。
【记】使食品充满season季节的味道－seasoning－佐料
noun countable or uncountable
■a substance that is added to savoury food to improve its flavour 调味品，佐料
• Taste the soup and adjust the seasoning, adding more salt or pepper as desired. 尝一下汤，调好佐料，根据口味再加些盐或胡椒粉。
n. [食品] 调味品；佐料；风干；增添趣味的东西
 - condiment, dressing

Word: fragrant
Front: fragrant
[ˈfreɪgrənt] (高研六托宝 9055/12331 -1)
Vocabulary: fragrant
(once / 367 pages)
adj
Something that is fragrant has a nice smell. What makes a smell nice is subjective, or course. You might find bowl of dried lavender to be fragrant, but your dog might prefer a pile of horse poop.
Fragrant things emit good smells, like flowers, trees, or cooking. Maybe you find fresh cut grass fragrant, or the smell of summer rain on asphalt. When a smell gets too intense, however, it loses its fragrancy. Someone doused in cologne has bypassed fragrancy for noxiousness. But he’s right on one count: the people we are attracted to are almost always fragrant to us.
WORD FAMILY
fragrant: fragrance, fragrancy, fragrantly+/ fragrance: fragrances/fragrancy: fragrancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Olalia’s chicken and rice bowl is fragrant and soothing, spiked with chile leaves, ginger, garlic and fish sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yours may drip like a spaniel’s, too, but every bite of that tender, fragrant pork was worth it.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Spread the pistachios on a small baking sheet and toast for 7 to 8 minutes, until fragrant.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 芳香的，香的; 愉快的; 喷香; 芳菲
分布：馥郁的(70%)，芬香的(30%)
a.香的;芬芳的The air in the garden was warm and fragrant.花园里的空气又温暖又芬芳.
【记】flagrant（adj 臭名昭著的）中的l象掏大粪的棍子fragrant（adj 芳香的）中的r象一朵花
【参】fragrance（n 芬芳；香味）
【反】noisome（adj 有恶臭的；有害的）
adjective
■with a pleasant smell 芳香的，芬芳的
• fragrant flowers 芬芳的花朵
• The sauce itself was light, fragrant and slightly sweet. 酱料本身味道清淡、芳香，而且稍微有点甜味。
adj. 芳香的；愉快的
 - sweet, good, bright, aromatic

Word: upheaval
Front: upheaval
[ʌpˈhi:vl] (托宝 9076/8515 -1)
Vocabulary: upheaval
(once / 2094 pages)
1n 2n
Upheaval means a violent or sudden change. You might talk about an upheaval in government following an election where many incumbents are replaced.
Upheaval is a geological term for the upward displacement of the earth's crust that has stretched to include a change in power or ideas. If you suddenly found out your favorite teacher was running a pyramid scheme and had escaped to a Caribbean island, you might experience an upheaval in your attitude toward teachers in general.
WORD FAMILY
upheaval: upheavals+/upheave: upheaval, upheaved, upheaves, upheaving, uphove
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, the poem reads like an eerie anticipation of liberal incredulity at Brexit and Trump and the other recent upheavals.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A deep look at the roots of our current global upheavals.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Something that was concrete in the midst of emotional upheaval.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 突变，剧变; [地]隆起; 举起，抬起
分布：剧变(59%)，动乱(40%)，向上的运动(1%)
→up, 向上，heave,举起。引申词义剧变，动乱。
隆起;动乱(up+heavel举起→举起来→动乱)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
【记】upheav＝upheave（v 举起，鼓起），al：举起
【参】heave（n /v 举起）
noun countable or uncountable
■(a) great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity or trouble 激变；动荡；剧变
• Yesterday's coup brought further upheaval to a country already struggling with famine. 昨天的军事政变使这个正在饥荒中挣扎的国家更加动荡不安。
• It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system. 安装一个不同的电脑系统会导致极大的混乱。
n. 剧变；隆起；举起
 - up with, lift

Word: walker
Front: walker
[ˈwɔ:kə(r)] (7956/3461 -1)
Back: n. 散步的人; （帮助小孩学走路用的）学步车; 助步车; 助行架
分布：步行者(63%)，行人(20%)，助步车(17%)
US ['wɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
■a person who walks, especially for exercise or enjoyment 散步者；步行者
• She's a very fast/slow walker. 她走起路来非常快／慢。
• They've been keen walkers ever since they read about the benefits of exercise. 自从他们读到锻炼的好处之后就一直热衷于步行锻炼。
US for * Zimmer frame
n. 步行者；散步者；参加竞走者
 - stroller, pedestrian

Word: lava
Front: lava
[ˈlɑ:və] (托雅宝 9085/8301 -1)
Back: n. 熔岩; 火山岩
分布：熔岩(89%)，火山岩(11%)
→来自leu,冲洗，涌出，词源同lavatory,dilute,antediluvian.用于指岩浆。
【区】larva（n 幼虫）：larva无法在lava中生活。
noun uncountable
■hot liquid rock which comes out of the Earth through a volcano, or the solid rock formed when it cools （火山喷出的）岩浆，熔岩；火山岩
• molten lava 融化的熔岩

Word: ache
Front: ache
[eɪk] (中高研四 7717/8267 -2)
Vocabulary: ache
(once / 369 pages)
nv
An ache is a dull, lingering pain. An ache in your calves after your morning jog might mean you didn't stretch enough before you started running.
You might describe your discomfort as a head ache or a stomach ache — in either case, there's a throbbing or continuous pain. A non-physical hurt can also be called an ache, and you can use the word as a verb in either case: "It feels like my heart will ache forever, since my sweet cat died." The Old English root is acan, "to suffer pain," possibly from an imitative Proto-Indo-European word that sounds like a groan.
WORD FAMILY
ache: ached, aches, aching, achy +/ aching: achingly, achings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it was a chance to explore what drives this man and his passion for counseling and teaching hoops in this achingly beautiful land.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As a young man, he converted from Judaism to Christianity, aching to be accepted as a German patriot.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But Mother Nature is nothing if not compelling, and my broodiness sat in my core like an ache.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 疼痛
vi. 疼痛; 渴望
时态：ached, aching, aches
分布：痛(86%)，渴望(10%)，隐痛(4%)
→词源不确定。可能同词根ac, 尖，刺。辅音字母加h多见于希腊词。
vi.痛;哀怜n.(指连续)疼痛,酸痛The feeble man feels an ache on his heels and knees when he kneels on the steel steering wheel.当虚弱男子跪在钢舵轮上时他的脚跟和双膝感到疼痛.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a continuous pain which is unpleasant but not strong （持续的）疼痛，隐痛
• As you get older, you have all sorts of aches and pains. 人老了，就会有各种各样的病痛。
• I've got a dull (= slight) ache in my lower back. 我背部靠近腰的地方隐隐作痛。
 IMPROVER
■used in combinations with parts of the body to mean a continuous pain in the stated part （与表示身体部位的词一起构成合成词，表示该部位的持续疼痛）
• earache/headache/toothache/backache 耳痛／头痛／牙痛／背痛
• I've had a stomach ache all morning. 我胃痛了一个上午。
[eɪk] verb intransitive
 IMPROVER
■to have a continuous pain that is unpleasant but not strong （持续的）疼痛，隐痛
• My head/tooth/back aches. 我的头／牙／背疼。
• I ache/I'm aching all over. 我浑身疼痛。
• I've got one or two aching muscles after yesterday's run. 昨天跑步之后我有一两处肌肉隐隐作痛。
[eɪk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  ache for sth literary
■to want something very much 渴望
• He was lonely and aching for love. 寂寞的他渴盼着爱的甘露。
sore, ache, pain
这组词都有“疼、疼痛”的意思，其区别是：
sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。
ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
vi. [临床] 疼痛；渴望
 - rare, aspire
n. [临床] 疼痛
 - pain, achiness

Word: ballpark
Front: ballpark
[ˈbɔ:lpɑ:k] (9072/-)
Vocabulary: ballpark
(once / 6484 pages)
1n 2n
A ballpark is the area where baseball is played. When you go to the ballpark, you can sit in the stands, eat a hot dog, and cheer for your favorite team.
Ballpark is an American word from the late 1800s, originally a shortened form of baseball park. The ballpark is familiar to baseball fans, their equivalent of a football stadium or a tennis court. Colloquially, you can be "in the ballpark" when you're close or within a certain range: "I'm just guessing how much that car costs, but I bet I'm in the ballpark."
WORD FAMILY
ballpark: ballparks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cormorants gather on a light standard high above the Husky Ballpark next to the Union Bay Natural Area.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The next big addition to the buzzing area around Nationals Park is the Dock 79 development, located between the ballpark and the Anacostia River.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
She's noticed that movie theaters and ballparks are also offering sensory-friendly days.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 棒球场
adj. 运动场的，大致正确的
分布：棒球场(87%)，变动范围(13%)
US ['bɑ:l.pɑ:rk] US
noun countable
■a large structure surrounding a field on which ball games, especially baseball games, are played （尤指）棒球场
UK ['bɔ:l.pɑ:k] US ['bɑ:l.pɑ:rk] US
noun countable
be in the same ballpark
■to be of a similar amount or cost 数量或价格相似
• Jamie makes over two hundred thousand dollars and I don't know how much Tom makes, but I guess it's in the same ballpark. 杰米赚超过二十万美元。不知道汤姆赚多少，但我猜大概差不多。
UK ['bɔ:l.pɑ:k] US ['bɑ:l.pɑ:rk] US
noun countable
be in the (right) ballpark
■to be close to the right amount 和实际数字相当接近
• 'And do you think the projected sales figures are realistic?' 'They're in the right ballpark.' “你认为预计的销售额符合实际吗？”“数字大致是准确的。”
UK ['bɔ:l.pɑ:k] US ['bɑ:l.pɑ:rk] US
adjective [before noun]
■A ballpark estimate or figure is a number which is a guess, but which you believe is near the correct number. 大致准确的数字
• We'll have to go away and cost this carefully, but as a ballpark figure I'd say that it'll be about two million dollars. 我们要回去仔细计算它的成本，但我估计会在200万美元左右。

Word: irresistible
Front: irresistible
[ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl] (托 9066/8738 -2)
Vocabulary: irresistible
(once / 410 pages)
adj
If something is irresistible, you have to have it, like the plate of gooey chocolate chip cookies sitting in front of a group of dieters who one by one help themselves to a handful.
If you can’t resist something, it’s irresistible. Something is irresistible if it is so enticing, attractive, magnetic, tempting, or alluring that you must have it. You have no control — that's what all irresistible things have in common. From potato chips to bargain shopping or the urge to send text messages, when something is irresistible, it's hard to fight.
WORD FAMILY
irresistible: irresistibility, irresistibleness, irresistibler, irresistiblest, irresistibly+/irresistibility: irresistibilities/ resistible: irresistible, resistibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
One such advertisement declared unagi “the irresistible flavor of summer.”
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
There is something irresistible in the possibility of Schmidt’s redemption, even in its broad implausibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The treats proved irresistible to the exhausted staff.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法抗拒的; 诱惑人的，具有非常的魅力的; 不可抗拒; 不可阻挡
分布：无法抗拒的(100%)
→ir-,不，非，resistible,抑制的。
不可抗拒的(ir+resistible可抗拒的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
不可抗拒的(ir不＋resist反抗＋ible→不可反抗的)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
无法抵抗的(ir不+resist抵抗+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【记】resist（vt 抵抗；忍得住）
adjective
■impossible to refuse, oppose or avoid because too pleasant, attractive or strong 不可抗拒的，无法抵挡的
• an irresistible offer 无法拒绝的提议
• She gave me one of those irresistible smiles and I just had to agree. 她对我那莞尔一笑真是令人无法抗拒，我只好同意了。
adj. 不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的
 - knock-down

Word: phenomenal
Front: phenomenal
[fəˈnɒmɪnl] (雅宝 9058/11316 -1)
Vocabulary: phenomenal
(once / 2242 pages)
adj
When something is so great, call it phenomenal. It's a solid choice when you want to describe your new favorite thing with more syllables than just "cool."
From a Greek root meaning "appearance," phenomenal describes something so awesome and borderline miraculous it really has to actually be seen to be believed. Worthy examples may be the Aurora Borealis, the prowess of Michael Jordan, or the abilities of any given Marvel character blessed by exposure to radioactive materials. However, it's typically used to give positive praise to any person, event or item that seems to transcend the norm.
WORD FAMILY
phenomenal: phenomenally
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We then jumped at the opportunity as the kids were starving. The mac and cheese was phenomenal,” Rosen reported in an email.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Rick Fuentes remembered Fearon as a “phenomenal human being and a true inspiration.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 现象的; 显著的; 异常的; 能知觉的
分布：非凡的(66%)，现象的(27%)，可感知的(7%)
→来自phenomenon,现象，非凡的人。
【参】phenomenology（n 现象学）
【反】ordinary（adj 平常的）；commonplace（n 平凡的事；adj 平凡的）
US [-'nɑ:.mə-] adjective
■extremely successful or special, especially in a surprising way 非凡的，杰出的
• Her rise to fame was quite phenomenal - in less than two years she was a household name. 她的成名历程真是奇迹——不到两年的时间，她的大名已经家喻户晓了。
adj. 现象的；显著的；异常的；能知觉的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: damned
Front: damned
[dæmd] (9051/8994 -2)
Back: adj. 该死的; 该谴责的，可恶的; 十足的; 被判为永久罪的
adv. 非常地; 无比地
v. 诅咒(damn的过去式和过去分词); 严厉批评; 罚…入地狱受罪; 使彻底失败
分布：可恶的(48%)，被诅咒的(16%)，动词damn的过去式和过去分词形式(12%)，被诅咒下地狱的人(12%)，非常地(12%)
adjective
[before noun] informal
■used to express anger with someone or something; damn 该死的（表示对某人或某事气愤）
• This damned printer won't work. 这该死的印表机坏了！
[dæmd] adjective
be damned if you do and damned if you don't
■used to say that you cannot escape being criticized, whatever you decide to do 左右都不是；两头都不讨好
[dæmd] adjective
(Well) I'll be damned!
■an expression of complete surprise （表示非常惊讶）这也太离谱了！真够绝的！
• She's marrying a man who she met two months ago? - Well, I'll be damned! 她要嫁给一个刚刚认识两个月的男人？——唉，这也太离谱了！
[dæmd] adjective
I'm damned if
■used to say that you will certainly not do something 绝不（做…），打死我也不（做…）
• I'm polite to his ex-wife when I meet her, but I'm damned if I'm going to invite her round for dinner. 我遇到他前妻时对她很客气，但绝不会请她来吃晚饭。
[dæmd] noun
the damned [plural]
■the people who have been sent to hell after their death 死后下地狱的人
adj. 该死的；可恶的；糟透的
 - goddamn, dad-burned
adv. 极；非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
v. 咒骂；诅咒…下地狱（damn的过去式）
 - dratted

Word: sustainability
Front: sustainability
[sə,stenə'bɪlɪti] (9092/17705)
Vocabulary: sustainability
(once / 8057 pages)
n
"Sustain" means to last over time, so sustainability is the ability of something to last. As a civilization, we are concerned about the sustainability of our planet.
Sustainability became a big idea after people began to realize that we were using up our natural resources, so you’re most likely to come across the word when you’re reading about recycling and energy use. If you hear someone talking about sustainability in the context of energy, they’re probably talking about alternatives to oil or coal — both of which will run out in the future. A sustainable source of energy is something that's always there — like water or wind.
WORD FAMILY
sustainable: sustainability, sustainably+/ sustain: sustainable, sustained, sustainer, sustaining, sustainment, sustains, sustenance / sustained: self-sustained, sustainedly/sustainer: sustainers/sustaining: self-sustaining/sustainment: sustainments/ sustenance: sustenances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wildlife trafficking threatens the sustainability and survival of hundreds of species worldwide.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
“The Runner Ducks represent tradition, sustainability and quality, since it is a very old technique to combat pests while not affecting the crops,” he said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
“We are building for stability and sustainability in our programs.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 持续性，能维持性，永续性
分布：名词(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
(自然资源)可持续的，不破坏环境的
You use sustainable to describe the use of natural resources when this use is kept at a steady level that is not likely to damage the environment.
例：...the management, conservation and sustainable development of forests...森林的管理、保护和可持续发展
例：Try to buy wood that you know has come from a sustainable source.尽量购买来自可持续发展林的木材。
ADJ-GRADED
(计划、方法、体制)可持续的，持续性的
A sustainable plan, method, or system is designed to continue at the same rate or level of activity without any problems.
例：The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical to the long-term future of London.建立一套高效稳定的交通体系对伦敦的长远发展意义重大。
例：...a sustainable recovery in consumer spending.消费支出的持续性复苏
n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性
 - indissolubility, durative

Word: tuberculosis
Front: tuberculosis
[tju:ˌbɜ:kjuˈləʊsɪs] (六 9082/10548 -1)
Vocabulary: tuberculosis
(once / 2374 pages)
n
Tuberculosis is a contagious and deadly disease. It mainly affects the lungs, but it can spread to the rest of the body. When a character from 19th century literature coughs into a blood-speckled hanky, tuberculosis is often to blame.
Tuberculosis — often called TB — is a serious disease that is now rare. Whew. When someone catches tuberculosis, which is transmitted by tubercle-bacillus through the air, lesions called tubercles grow in the lungs, causing serious health problems. If not treated, the disease can spread throughout the body. TB shows up in a lot of old literature and operas – the Romantic poet John Keats wrote poems about TB and died at age 25 from the disease.
WORD FAMILY
tuberculosis
USAGE EXAMPLES
His father was dead, he said, and he was separated from his mother after contracting tuberculosis.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Ifakara Health Institute - which specialises in treatments for malaria, HIV, tuberculosis as well as neonatal health issues - will be the local partner.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
“It’s just like watching someone gradually develop tuberculosis,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 肺结核; [医]结核病; 痨; 痨病
分布：肺结核(100%)
→tubercle,肺结核结节，-osis,表疾病。引申词义结核病。
US [tu:ˌbɝ:.kjə'loʊ-] (abbreviation TB)
noun uncountable
■a serious disease which is infectious and can attack many parts of a person's body, especially their lungs 结核病；（尤指）肺结核
n. [内科] 肺结核；结核病
 - phthisis

Word: peacefully
Front: peacefully
['pi:sfəlɪ] (9068/9465 -1)
Back: adv. 平静地; 安宁地
分布：平静地(60%)，和平地(40%)
ADV
安详地；无痛苦地
If you say that someone died peacefully, you mean that they suffered no pain or violence when they died.
例：He died peacefully on 10th December after a short illness.病了一小段时间之后，他于12月10日安详辞世。
adv. 平静地
 - calmly, tranquilly

Word: yellow
Front: yellow
[ˈjeləʊ] (中高雅 1665/2173 -K3)
Back: adj. 黄色的; 黄皮肤的; 黄种人的; 胆怯的
vt. & vi. （使某物）变黄或发黄
n. 黄色; 黄种人; 黄色颜料
时态：yellowed, yellowing, yellows
分布：黄色(69%)，黄色的(29%)，黄种人(1%)，蛋黄(1%)
→来自ghel,发光，照耀，词源同gold,gall,glass,引申词义发黄色光，黄色的。
a.黄的,黄色的n.黄色The fellow's yellow pillow is hollowed by his follower.那个家伙的黄色枕头被他的跟随者掏空了.
US [-oʊ] adjective noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■(of) a colour like that of a lemon or gold or the sun 黄色（的）
• a bright yellow T-shirt 亮黄色T恤衫
• It was early autumn and the leaves were turning yellow. 正值初秋时节，树叶开始转黄。
• You should wear more yellow - it suits you. 你应该多穿些黄色的衣服——那适合你。
UK ['jel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
PEOPLE 人 offensive
■belonging to a race that has pale yellowish brown skin 黄色人种的；黄皮肤的
UK ['jel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
NOT BRAVE 胆怯的 informal
■ cowardly ; not brave 胆小的，懦弱的
UK ['jel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become yellow, or to make something become yellow （使）变黄
adj. [光] 黄色的；黄皮肤的
 - maize, xanthic
n. [光] 黄色；黄种人； [染料] 黄色颜料
 - sunking, giallo

Word: fluorescent
Front: fluorescent
[ˌflɔ:ˈresnt] (六托宝 9083/11714 -1)
Vocabulary: fluorescent
(once / 10601 pages)
adjn
A fluorescent bulb gets its light from mercury vapor inside a glass tube. The incandescent bulb — the kind associated with Thomas Edison — has a filament that glows when it's heated.
You can also use fluorescent to describe something that's so vivid and bright it seems to give off light. Fluorescent is related to the word fluorspar, or fluorite, which is a mineral that glows. Notice the -u- in these words. Fluorescent comes from the Latin fluere "to flow" — fluorspar can be added to welding compounds, for instance, to make them flow more easily. Florescent, without a -u-, means "flowering," from Latin flor-, which is a completely different root.
WORD FAMILY
fluorescent: fluorescence, fluorescently, fluorescents+/fluoresce: fluorescent, fluoresces, fluorescing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bright fluorescent ceiling lights seem to burn into me.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Inside, young women dressed in soft linen and fluorescent lace hijabs sat with men wearing velvet pinstriped blazers and fake leather jackets.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Nearly every shape of older bulb—from long fluorescent tubes to little flame-shaped candelabra bulbs—is available in an LED version.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 荧光的; 发荧光的; （颜色、材料等）强烈反光的; 发亮的
n. <美口>荧光灯; 日光灯
分布：日光灯(80%)，萤光的(20%)
→来自19世纪英国物理学家George Stokes, 因为他首先在氟中发现这种发光现象而命名，而并非荧光一定来自于氟。-escence, 开始的，词源同adolescent.
【记】fluor（n 荧石），escent开始…的一萤光的fluor源于flour（n 面粉）：人吃了面粉以后就会容光焕发－荧光
【参】fluorometry（n 荧光计）
US [flʊ-] adjective
LIGHT 光的
■Fluorescent lights are very bright, tube-shaped electric lights, often used in offices 萤光的，发烛光的
• fluorescent lighting 烛光照明
UK [flʊə'res.ənt] US [flʊ-] adjective
COLOUR 色彩
■Fluorescent colours are very bright and can be seen in the dark 发亮的，萤光的
• fluorescent green 带萤光的绿色
adj. 荧光的；萤光的；发亮的
 - flourescent, splendent
n. 荧光；日光灯
 - daylight lamp

Word: fireman
Front: fireman
[ˈfaɪəmən] (研四六 9069/6662 -1)
Back: n. 消防队员; [矿]救火员，爆破工; 司炉工
分布：消防队员(88%)，司炉工(12%)
n.消防队员The firm fireman first overcame thirst desire.坚定的消防员首先克服口渴欲望.
US ['faɪr-] noun countable
■a man whose job is to stop fires from burning 消防员
n. 消防队员；救火队员；锅炉工
 - pompier

Word: sparkling
Front: sparkling
[ˈspɑ:klɪŋ] (9080/7884 -1)
Vocabulary: sparkling
(once / 492 pages)
adjn
Something that's sparkling shines or glints with many little lights. You might say that the starry night sky is sparkling.
You can describe someone's eyes as sparkling, if they twinkle with light, or admire the sparkling lights on your friend's Christmas tree. Another way to use the adjective sparkling is to describe a carbonated beverage, like sparkling wine or sparkling cider. Any fizzy, bubbly drink is sparkling. People have used sparkling to describe wine and eyes since the fifteenth century, and it comes from the Old English spearca, "glowing or fiery particle thrown off."
WORD FAMILY
sparkling: sparklingly, sparklings+/ sparkle: sparkled, sparkler, sparkles, sparkling, sparkly / sparkler: sparklers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A tough, new building, with Thursday marking the Kings’ first visit to Rogers Place, the Oilers’ sparkling $475-million downtown home.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Tables will be cleared for dancing to a DJ around 11:30 p.m.; everyone receives a free sparkling midnight toast.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The other wine she’s sure to bring, especially for her mother, is a sparkling Chenin Blanc from the Loire Valley.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 发火花的，闪亮的; 灿烂的，活泼的; 闪闪发光的，闪烁的; 起泡沫的
v. 闪光，闪耀(sparkle的现在分词)
分布：闪闪发光的(67%)，闪烁的(30%)，动词sparkle的现在分词.(3%)
→sparkle,闪烁火花，-ing,形容词后缀。
US ['spɑ:r-] adjective
BRIGHT 闪亮的
■shining brightly 闪烁的，闪亮的
• sparkling white teeth 洁白闪亮的牙齿
UK ['spɑ:.klɪŋ] US ['spɑ:r-] adjective
INTERESTING 有趣的
■energetic and interesting 充满活力的；妙趣横生的
• a sparkling performance 激情四溢的表演
• sparkling conversation/wit 轻松愉快的谈话／才华横溢
UK ['spɑ:.klɪŋ] US ['spɑ:r-] adjective
BUBBLES 水泡
■A sparkling drink is one which is fizzy (= contains many small bubbles of gas) （饮料）起泡的
• Champagne is a sparkling wine. 香槟是一种发泡葡萄酒。
Compare still
adj. 闪闪发光的，闪烁的；起泡沫的
 - glittering, starry
v. 闪耀；发出火花；起泡沫（sparkle的ing形式）
 - scintillating

Word: imposing
Front: imposing
[ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ] (托雅宝 9070/8432 -2)
Vocabulary: imposing
(once / 532 pages)
adj
Imposing is an adjective reserved for those things that are impressive in the sense that they are large or serious, as in the US Capitol Building or even, say, a professional wrestler.
When you look at the word imposing you see the word pose, which is useful in remembering what it means. A person who is imposing might strike a pose because they feel they have a lot to show. In fact, imposing is derived from the French verb imposer, which means "to inflict." Its French roots may inspire you to envision the enormous and expensive wigs worn by members of the French court. The larger the wig, the more imposing it was. And all the more reason to strike a pose!
WORD FAMILY
imposing: imposingly, unimposing+/ impose: imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition, reimpose, superimpose / imposed: self-imposed/ imposition: impositions/reimpose: reimposed, reimposes, reimposing, reimposition/ superimpose: superimposed, superimposes, superimposing
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say all potential revenue increases should be on the table, including raising the gas tax and imposing tolls.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Darnold is more physically imposing, but both share a similar style, using their legs to extend plays until a receiver pops open.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In “Vision,” he adopts a slower, more deliberate tempo and constructs a weighty, imposing structure that builds in intensity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 印象深刻的; 壮观的，威风的
v. 强迫( impose的现在分词)
分布：壮丽的(67%)，令人难忘的(27%)，动词impose的现在分词.(6%)
→来自impose,强加。引申词义使人留下深刻印象的，壮观的。
US [-'poʊ-] adjective
■having an appearance which looks important or causes admiration 壮观的；宏伟的；气宇不凡的
• an imposing mansion 雄伟壮观的大厦
• He was an imposing figure on stage. 他在舞台上气度不凡。
adj. （建筑物等）壮观的；威风的；（仪表）堂堂的；给人深刻印象的
 - spectacular, impressionistic

Word: womb
Front: womb
[wu:m] (9091/10010 -1)
Vocabulary: womb
(once / 1190 pages)
n
A womb is the organ in which female mammals grow and carry a fetus before it's ready to be born. Your first home was a womb, but good luck trying to return there.
Womb is a slightly more casual, everyday way to say uterus. Whichever word you use, it's the name of the organ that biologically female mammals have for growing fetuses before birth. Many animals have two wombs, but humans just have one. In Old English, womb meant "uterus," but it also meant "belly, bowels, or heart."
WORD FAMILY
womb: wombs
USAGE EXAMPLES
My wife noticed every tummy bubble, gurgle and burp, hoping against hope that it was the sound of a new life stirring in her womb.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
In the womb, the placenta acts as the fetus’ lungs.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The amniotic fluid protects the baby and helps it develop inside the mother's womb.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 子宫; 发源地，摇篮
vt. 容纳
分布：子宫(96%)，孕育处(4%)
→词源不详。
[wu:m] (specialized uterus)
noun countable
■the organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby develops before birth 子宫
• Researchers are looking at how a mother's health can affect the baby in the womb. 研究人员正在观察母亲的健康会对子宫中的胎儿产生何种影响。
n. [解剖] 子宫；发源地
 - matrix, uterus
vt. 容纳
 - contain, accept, accommodate, hold up to

Word: pioneer
Front: pioneer
[ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)] (中高托 4472/5645 -2)
Vocabulary: pioneer
(once / 371 pages)
nv
A pioneer is one of the first settlers in a new place. If you desperately want to experience life in space, maybe you will be one of the pioneers who live in the first moon settlement.
Pioneer comes from the old French for foot soldier or laborer, and particularly for groups of soldiers that would go out ahead of the rest of the troops to prepare the way. The European settlers who came to America in the 16th century are known as pioneers, as are the later groups who traveled West in the 18th and 19th centuries. We also use pioneer for anyone who takes initiative in a field, such as science or education.
WORD FAMILY
pioneer: pioneered, pioneering, pioneers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Without places like Pioneer, there’s no help. If there’s no help, there’s no hope,” Mulitauaopele said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We enter Studio A, where Prince in the 1980s pioneered the Minneapolis Sound, a synthesizer-based brand of funk.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
People haven't forgotten that the J Sisters were the real pioneers.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 拓荒者; 开发者; 先驱者; 创始者
vt. 开拓，开发; 做（…的）先锋; 提倡
时态：pioneered, pioneering, pioneers
分布：先驱(47%)，先锋(34%)，开拓者(14%)，开辟(4%)，首倡(1%)
→来自法语pionnier,步兵，先头部队，来自古法语peon,步兵，卒，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,pawn,pilot.拼写比较pen,petal.
n.先驱,倡导者,开拓者They were the pioneers of the American West.他们是美国西部的开拓者.
US [-'nɪr] noun countable
■a person who is one of the first people to do something 先驱，先锋，创始人
• one of the pioneers of modern science 现代科学的先驱之一
• a pioneer heart surgeon 心脏外科的先驱
■a person who goes to an area and establishes farms, houses, etc 拓荒者，开拓者，开发者
• The pioneers went west across North America, cutting down forests and planting new crops. 拓荒者横越北美洲向西部进发，砍伐林木，种植新的农作物。
UK [ˌpaɪə'nɪər] US [-'nɪr] verb transitive
■to be one of the first people to do something 做先锋，当开拓者，倡导
• It was universities that pioneered these new industries. 是大学开创了这些新兴产业。
n. 先锋；拓荒者
 - vanguard, avant-courier
vt. 开辟；倡导；提倡
 - advocate, inaugurate

Word: inadvertently
Front: inadvertently
[ˌɪnədˈvɜ:təntli] (宝 9077/11105)
Vocabulary: inadvertently
(once / 2946 pages)
adv
Inadvertently is an adverb that means "without knowledge or intent," like when you inadvertently take someone else's coat from the coatroom because it looks just like yours.
When you do something inadvertently, you don't mean to do it — you might inadvertently step in a puddle, leave something important at home, or hurt your friend's feelings. Some things that happen inadvertently aren't mistakes, though: They happen by chance. For example, if you just happen to park your car at the exact place that blocks a bus from hitting a pedestrian, you've inadvertently saved a life.
WORD FAMILY
inadvertent: inadvertence, inadvertency, inadvertently +/ advert: adverted, advertence, advertency, advertent, adverting, adverts/advertent: advertently, inadvertent /inadvertence: inadvertences/inadvertency: inadvertencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It all started when someone at the sheriff’s office inadvertently opened an infected email or perhaps clicked on the wrong online link.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead, he said, he inadvertently sent them to Artvoice, a Buffalo weekly, which published them this past week.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Instead, he said, he inadvertently sent them to Artvoice, a Buffalo weekly, which published them last week.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adv. 漫不经心地，疏忽地; 非故意地
分布：不注意地(37%)，非故意地(36%)，疏忽地(27%)
→in-,不，非，advertent，注意的，留意的。
US [-'vɝ:.tˌənt-] adverb
■not intentionally 非故意地，无意地
• He inadvertently deleted the file. 他不小心把档案删除了。
adv. 非故意地；不注意地
 - unintentionally, carelessly

Word: bouquet
Front: bouquet
[buˈkeɪ] (托雅宝 9088/11722 -1)
Vocabulary: bouquet
(once / 1090 pages)
1n 2n
A bouquet is an arrangement of flowers. A simple bouquet of flowers from your garden makes a lovely centerpiece for your table or a nice hostess gift when you are a guest.
The word bouquet comes from the Old French term meaning "clump of trees." Because it would be difficult for a bride to lug a clump of trees down the aisle at her wedding, thankfully the word now means "a small bunch of arranged flowers." Bouquet can also describe the scent of these flowers, or anything that is a blend of scents, like perfume or wine.
WORD FAMILY
bouquet: bouquets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 32-year-old poet is the author of three award–winning collections of poetry: “Logorrhea Dementia,” “Bouquet of Hungers” and “The Listening.”
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
As word of the crash spread Sunday, people placed bouquets of flowers outside the ensemble’s Moscow headquarters.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The color of 1960’s “Mailbox” also seemed appropriate for a “festive” bouquet, though red is not normally my first choice for garden or cut flowers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 花束; 酒香
分布：花束(84%)，酒香(15%)，称赞(1%)
→来自拉丁词boscus, 灌木，灌木花，同bush. -et, 小词后缀。
【记】banquet（n 宴会），宴会上缺que的三样东西：花束，酒香，恭维话。
UK [bəʊ-] US [boʊ-] noun
FLOWERS 花
countable
■a group of flowers that have been fastened together and attractively arranged so that they can be given as a present or carried on formal occasions 花束
• a bouquet of flowers 一束花
• Chris sent me a lovely bouquet when I was ill. 我生病时克里斯送了一束漂亮的花给我。
UK [bʊ'keɪ] UK [bəʊ-] US [boʊ-] noun
SMELL 气味
countable or uncountable
■specialized the characteristic smell of a wine or liqueur （酒散发的）香味，芬芳
• This wine has a rich, oaky bouquet. 这种葡萄酒有浓郁的橡木香气。
n. [细胞] [植] 花束；酒香
 - nosegay, posy

Word: murky
Front: murky
[ˈmɜ:ki] (宝 9073/11317 -1)
Vocabulary: murky
(once / 2159 pages)
adj
Something that's murky is dim, gloomy or hard to see through clearly. Think of the dark fog around a haunted house or the cloudy, muddy water in a swamp.
Rarely used before the 17th century, this adjective came about by adding a "y" to the word murk. Murk itself evolved from myrkr, a Norse word for "darkness.” Things that are murky are unclear; that goes for murky, sediment-filled lakes, shady business deals, and arguments that don't seem to make any sense.
WORD FAMILY
murky: murkier, murkiest, murkily, murkiness+/murk: murked, murking, murks, murky
USAGE EXAMPLES
The politics and diplomacy may be murky, but, based on a visit to the area late last month, the infrastructure here is ready to roll.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s easy to imagine that she’s walking into the murky depths, never to return.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Cutler’s future with Chicago is as murky as ever after being limited to five games in 2016.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 阴暗的，昏暗的; 朦胧的，含糊的，暧昧的; （指水）脏的，（雾等）浓的; （陷入）心中无数的困境（或险境）
adv. 阴暗地，混浊地，可疑地
n. 阴暗; 昏暗; 混浊; 可疑
级别：murkier, murkiest
分布：黑暗的(52%)，朦胧的(25%)，含糊的(13%)，隐晦的(6%)，烟雾弥漫的(4%)
→来自murk,昏暗。即昏暗的，引申词义暧昧的。
【记】murk（n 黑暗），mur墙，在监狱的墙里面－昏暗的
【反】lucid（adj 明晰的）；limpid（adj 清澈的）；pellucid（adj 透明的）；clear（adj 清楚的）
US ['mɝ:-] adjective
DARK/DIRTY 黑漆漆的／肮脏的
■dark and dirty or difficult to see through 黑暗的；不清楚的；肮脏的
• The river was brown and murky after the storm. 暴风雨过后，河水变成了褐色，浑浊不清。
UK ['mɜ:.ki] US ['mɝ:-] adjective
UNPLEASANT SITUATION 使人不快的处境
■describes a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many facts are not clear （形势）复杂难懂的，不明朗的
• He became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing. 他卷入了阴暗复杂的跨国贩毒生意中。
• I don't want to get into the murky waters of family arguments. 我不想淌家庭纠纷这道浑水。
adj. 黑暗的；朦胧的；阴郁的
 - dark, sad, gray, gloomy

Word: sighting
Front: sighting
[ˈsaɪtɪŋ] (9075/11783 -1)
Back: n. 照准，观察，视线
v. “sight”的现在分词
分布：看见(90%)，动词sight的现在分词形式.(10%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun countable
■when you see something or someone, especially that is rare or trying to hide 看见，目击（尤指罕见或隐蔽的人或物）
• This is the first sighting of this particularly rare bird in this country. 这是在该国首次目击这种极为珍稀的鸟。
n. 瞄准；照准；视线
 - aiming, training, present
v. 看见（sight的ing形式）
 - seeing

Word: enclave
Front: enclave
[ˈenkleɪv] (9097/12147 -1)
Vocabulary: enclave
(once / 4880 pages)
n
An enclave is a separate space or group within a larger one. Imagine an enclave as a cave carved out of a big mountain. All of the bears live in the cave or enclave, while the people live on the mountainside.
Groups of like people often form an enclave within a country or region. There is probably an enclave of Africans, Cubans, Russians, or other ethnic group in or near your hometown. It isn't usually enclosed, but it's a place where people of the same background gather and live together, such as a Chinatown or a Little Budapest. An enclave of a country may have boundaries, making it clear that it's a distinct part — and sometimes under separate government — from the larger territory it's within.
WORD FAMILY
enclave: enclaves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Melilla - Spain's other North African enclave - is similarly targeted by migrants.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A similar incident on 9 December saw more than 400 migrants enter the tiny enclave.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The migrants were attempting to reach Spain's North African enclave of Ceuta.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 飞地（指在本国境内的隶属另一国的一块领土）; 被包围的领土
分布：飞地(94%)，被包围的领土(6%)
→en-, 进入，使。-clave, 钥匙，锁住，词源同clavicle, conclave, close.
【记】enclose（vt 装入；围绕）
US ['ɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
■a part of a country that is surrounded by another country, or a group of people who are different from the people living in the surrounding area 飞地（被包围在另外一个国家境内，和本国其他领土不接壤）；（在其他人群中聚居的）族群，群体：
• Campione d'Italia is an Italian enclave in Switzerland. 坎皮奥内是位于瑞士境内的一块义大利飞地。
n. 飞地（指在本国境内的隶属另一国的一块领土）；被包围的领土；被包围物
 - exclave

Word: bourgeois
Front: bourgeois
[ˈbʊəʒwɑ:] (六宝 9071/5850 -1)
Vocabulary: bourgeois
(once / 1351 pages)
adjn
The adjective bourgeois means relating to or typical of the middle class. If someone says, "Oh, how bourgeois!" it's probably an insult, meaning you're preoccupied with middle-class small-mindedness.
As a noun, a bourgeois is a member of the middle class, originally a member of the middle class in France. The word was borrowed from French, from Old French burgeis "citizen of a town," from borc "town, village," from Latin burgus "fortress, castle." The derived word bourgeoisie "the middle class" is a later borrowing from French.
WORD FAMILY
bourgeois: bourgeoises
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the doting motherhood Clark displayed was considered a bourgeois indulgence.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
And the White House is a tad bourgeois in an Epcot-y sort of way.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Valls was born in Barcelona, the son of a bourgeois Catalan painter and a Swiss Italian mother.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 资产阶级的，资本家的; 商人根性的，市侩的; 无教养的，鄙俗的; 贪图享受的
n. 有产者，资产阶级; 中产阶级的人; 业主，店主; [印]〈古〉九点活字
分布：资产阶级的(74%)，中产阶级的(15%)，中产阶级的人(6%)，资产阶级的人(3%)，追求名利的(2%)
→bourg, 城镇，同burg. 指城市居住的人。
【记】源于：bourg（n 中世纪靠近城堡的村庄）那里盛产hamburg（n 汉堡包），被认为是中产阶级的食品。
US ['bʊrʒ-] disapproving
adjective
■belonging to or typical of the middle class (= a social group between the rich and the poor) especially in supporting existing customs and values, or in having a strong interest in money and possessions 中产阶级的；追求物质享受的；世俗的
• It's a bit bourgeois, isn't it, joining a golf club? 参加高尔夫球俱乐部有点庸俗，不是吗？
n. 资本家；九点活字；中产阶级的人；追求物质享受和社会地位者
 - capital
adj. 资产阶级的；中产阶级的；贪图享受的
 - middle-class

Word: chalk
Front: chalk
[tʃɔ:k] (中高研四六托 9095/5988 -1)
Vocabulary: chalk
(once / 654 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Chalk is a very soft kind of rock or limestone. While chalk is made of shells and the skeletons of sea creatures, it's usually found above sea level in pits or quarries.
Chalk is made of the element calcium carbonite, and it has agricultural uses, as well as showing up (in tiny amounts) in both toothpaste and antacids. The kind of chalk that you use for writing on a blackboard or decorating the sidewalk was originally made from calcium carbonite, but modern writing chalk is more often made of gypsum, a related form of calcium. Chalk comes from the Latin calx, "limestone," with the Greek root khalix, "small pebble."
WORD FAMILY
chalk: chalked, chalking, chalks, chalky+/chalky: chalkily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Use markers, crayons, paint, pencils, chalk, construction paper cutouts or whatever else strikes your fancy.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Should I just chalk up her behavior to hormones?
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
—A Baltimore nonprofit called Thread organized a “Love Notes to Baltimore” campaign where residents wrote uplifting messages in chalk on streets.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 粉笔，白垩; 用粉笔画的记号; 〈英〉（比赛）得分纪录，记入借方的款项; 〈美俚〉牛奶
v. 用粉笔写（记下）; 用白垩粉擦（桌球杆等）; 使苍白; （英）把（酒钱）记于（某人）账上
时态：chalked, chalking, chalks
分布：粉笔(75%)，白垩(16%)，用粉笔写(4%)，记录(3%)，归咎(1%)，使变白(1%)
→来自拉丁词calx, 石灰，石子，词源同calcite, calculate.
n.粉笔,白垩The systematic items stem from the walker's talk about the chalk.这些系统的条款来源于步行者关于粉笔的谈话.
US [tʃɑ:k] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of soft white rock, or (a stick of) this rock or a similar substance used for writing or drawing 白垩；粉笔
UK [tʃɔ:k] US [tʃɑ:k] noun countable or uncountable
be like chalk and cheese UK
■If two people are like chalk and cheese, they are completely different from each other 截然不同；迥异
• My brother and I are like chalk and cheese. 我哥哥和我截然不同。
UK [tʃɔ:k] US [tʃɑ:k] verb intransitive or transitive
■to write something with a piece of chalk 用粉笔书写
UK [tʃɔ:k] US [tʃɑ:k] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chalk sth up
■to achieve something, such as a victory, or to score points in a game 获（胜）；得（分）
• Today's victory is the fifth that the Irish team has chalked up this year. 今天的胜利是爱尔兰队今年获得的第五次胜利。
• It was doubtful whether the Conservatives could chalk up a fourth successive election victory, but they did. 保守党能否连续四次在选举中获胜令人怀疑，但是他们做到了。
chalk sth up to experience
■to accept failure and learn from a particular experience 把…当作经验教训；接受失败并从中汲取教训
• "So your new job didn't work out very well?" "No, it didn't, but never mind - chalk it up to experience." “那么你的新工作并不顺利？”“是不顺利，不过没关系——就当是一次教训吧。”
vt. 用粉笔写；用白垩粉擦；记录；规划
 - register, formulate, programme
n. [轻] 粉笔； [岩] 白垩；用粉笔划的记号
 - creta, pastille

Word: demanding
Front: demanding
[dɪˈmɑ:ndɪŋ] (宝 9084/7641 -1)
Vocabulary: demanding
(once / 535 pages)
adj
Something that's demanding calls for more work or skill than the typical task. Babysitting might seem like an easy job, but depending on the kids it can actually be incredibly demanding.
A demanding job might require a lot of physical work, like farming, or a lot of patience and diplomacy, like being a teacher or a marriage counselor. When a person is described as demanding, it usually means that he or she has very high standards or is especially hard to satisfy. The word comes from the Old French demander, "to request or demand," by way of the Latin demandare, "entrust."
WORD FAMILY
demanding: demandingly, undemanding+/ demand: demanded, demander, demanding, demands/demander: demanders/undemanding: undemandingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Six years demanding immediate repeal, and no alternative to replace it,” Mr. Hoyer said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After all, many progressives reacted to Brexit and to Trump by demanding more rather than less state control over the citizenry.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Hundreds of thousands of South Koreans ushered in the new year with a massive protest demanding the resignation of disgraced President Park Geun-hye.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 要求高的; 苛求的; 强求的; 费力的，吃力的
v. 要求(demand的ing形式); 查问
分布：吃力的(65%)，要求多的(21%)，动词demand的现在分词.(14%)
US [-'mæn-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■needing a lot of time, attention or energy 费时费力的，耗费精力的
• She's a very demanding child. 她是个特别不让人省心的孩子。
• a demanding job/task 艰巨的工作／任务
adj. 苛求的；要求高的；吃力的
 - fastidious, finicking
v. 要求；查问（demand的ing形式）
 - challenging, indicating

Word: psychologically
Front: psychologically
[ˌsaɪkə'lɒdʒɪklɪ] (9081/11413)
Back: adv. 心理上地，心理学地
分布：心理上地(75%)，精神上地(25%)
ADJ
心理的；精神的
Psychological means concerned with a person's mind and thoughts.
例：John received constant physical and psychological abuse from his father...约翰不断遭到父亲身体和心理上的双重虐待。
例：Robyn's loss of memory is a psychological problem, rather than a physical one.罗宾的失忆是心理问题，而非生理问题。
ADJ
心理学的
Psychological means relating to psychology.
例：...psychological testing.心理测试

Word: bully
Front: bully
[ˈbʊli] (研托雅宝 7398/8526 -2)
Vocabulary: bully
(once / 494 pages)
1vn 2adj
You might still have terrifying dreams about the bully who harassed you on the playground in second grade. A bully is someone who intimidates people, usually those who are weaker or smaller.
The classic example of a bully is a mean kid in a schoolyard who hassles or beats up younger students. While a child or a teenager can be a bully, so is anyone who uses power or strength to scare or harm other people. The word bully has gone through a mysterious evolution, from the 1530s when it meant "sweetheart," through the 17th century's meanings of "fine fellow," then "blusterer," and finally "harasser of the weak."
WORD FAMILY
bully: bullied, bullies, bullying, bullyingly+/ bullying: bullyings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final days are Obama’s last chance to define his presidency before he loses the bully pulpit and cedes his legacy to historians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These officials should use the bully pulpit and negotiation skills to achieve fantastic outcomes for Washingtonians.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There is a lot of journaling here, a lot of fighting the “thought bully.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 恐吓，威逼; 盛气凌人，以强凌弱
vi. 欺侮
n. 仗势欺人者，横行霸道者; 暴徒; 打手; 情人
adj. 第一流的，特好的
int. 好，妙（感叹词）
时态：bullied, bullying, bullies
分布：欺负(62%)，威胁(15%)，恐吓(13%)，欺凌弱小者(6%)，开球(4%)
→来自brother 昵称。原指老大哥，起保护作用，但也可随时以大欺小。
欺负(别人)(象公牛一样吓唬别人)[bu=ox,表示"牛"]
n.恃强欺弱者,小流氓vt.威胁,欺侮He's always bullying smaller kids.他总是欺侮比他小的bumk孩子.
【记】1）bul＝boele[情人]，在争夺情人的斗争中总是强的打败弱的，所以有”欺负”之意2）BULL芝加哥公牛队：以强欺弱的典型，不过已经成为历史了。
【反】underdog（n 受压迫者）动者煽动＝欺凌弱小者恐吓＝笨人轻信sabotage:subvertness＝bull:intimidation『dupe:duplicity』阴谋破坏是一种颠覆＝暴力强迫是一种胁迫bully:scare
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing them to do something they do not want to do 伤害；胁迫；欺负，欺凌
• Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school. 我们的调查表明，有四分之一的孩子在学校受到欺凌。
• Don't let anyone bully you into doing something you don't want to do. 别让任何人胁迫你做你不愿做的事情。
['bʊl.i] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who hurts or frightens someone who is smaller or less powerful than them, often forcing them to do something they do not want to do 恃强凌弱者，以大欺小者
• You're just a big bully! 你欺负人！
• Teachers usually know who the bullies are in a class. 教师通常知道班上的恶霸学生都是谁。
['bʊl.i] noun countable
bully for sb old-fashioned
■used to show that you do not think what someone has done or said is very exciting or interesting （表示讽刺）（某人）太棒了，（某人）干得好
• "He's started ironing his own shirts." "Well, bully for him!" “他开始自己熨衬衫了。”“哦，那可真不错！”
n. 欺凌弱小者；土霸
 - bucko
adj. 第一流的；特好的
 - classical, royal, champion
vt. 欺负；威吓
 - daunt
adv. 很；十分
 - greatly, quite, badly, too, far
int. 好；妙
 - ok, okay

Word: tutor
Front: tutor
[ˈtju:tə(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 9093/3839 -2)
Vocabulary: tutor
(once / 478 pages)
nv
A tutor is someone who gives private instruction: tutors teach one-on-one.
If you ever helped someone learn something, you could say you tutored them. "Tutor" is also the title of someone who works with students one-on-one. There are writing tutors, music tutors, math tutors, and history tutors. You can find a tutor for just about anything you'd like to learn. Tutoring also sometimes means being the guardian for someone. In all cases, tutors tend to be helpful to their tutees: the people they tutor.
WORD FAMILY
tutor: tutelage, tutored, tutorial, tutoring, tutors, tutorship+/tutored: untutored/ tutorial: tutorials/tutorship: tutorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The engraver didn’t tutor her directly but after some trial and error, she cut her preliminary lines and circles at his bench.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Through the Learning Fund, student tutors offer help with a variety of middle and high school subjects, including foreign language, math, English and other topics.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tutors accompany the student athletes to help them keep up with their academics.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 家庭教师; 导师; （大专院校的）助教; 课本
vt. & vi. 当家庭教师; 任大学导师; 任课
时态：tutored, tutoring, tutors
分布：导师(59%)，家庭教师(26%)，指导(12%)，当家庭教师(2%)，当导师(1%)
→来自拉丁语 tutor,保护者，看护者，过去分词形式施动格于 tueri,保护，看护，来自 ste,*sta, 站立，词源同 stand,institute.引申词义教师，导师等。
保护人,导师[tut,tuit=protect,表示"保护"]
n.导师;家庭教师v.辅导;当导师;当家庭教师In the suitcase, the guitar tutor found the tuition by intuition.在小提箱里,吉他导师以直觉发现学费.
【记】tut辅导，or人：家教
【参】tutelage（n 监护；辅导）；tutelary（n 守护神；守护的）
US ['tu:.ɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a teacher who works with one student or a small group, either at a British college or university or in the home of a child 家庭教师，私人教师；（英国大学或学院的）导师，助教
• His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy. 他的导师鼓励他广泛阅读哲学著作。
• During my illness I was taught by a series of home tutors. 我生病期间由一些家庭教师教我。
instruct, coach, tutor, train, teach, educate
这组词都有“教，教育，培养”的意思，其区别是：
instruct: 与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。
coach: 指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课。
tutor: 指进行个别教学或课外辅导。
train: 指训练与培养。
teach: 最普通用词，含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。
educate: 较正式用词，指教育，内容比teach广泛，侧重动机或结果，或对潜在能力的开发。
vt. 辅导；约束
 - restrict, hold oneself in
n. 导师；家庭教师；助教
 - mentors, teacher counselor

Word: pigment
Front: pigment
[ˈpɪgmənt] (托雅宝 9103/10452 -1)
Vocabulary: pigment
(once / 2217 pages)
nv
Something's color is its pigment. Technically, all living things have a natural pigment — leaves have a green pigment for example — but the word is more generally applied to human skin color.
The other, more technical, use of pigment refers to the substance, usually a powder, that is added to a liquid to give it its color. For example, ultramarine paint is made from a crushed blue silicate that mixed with oil produces a brilliant blue tone. Other pigments were achieved in less pleasant ways. The bright yellow of many Indian paintings? Cow's urine. The red of medieval ox-blood walls? You guessed it.
WORD FAMILY
pigment: pigmentation, pigmented, pigmenting, pigments+/pigmentation: depigmentation, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, pigmentations/pigmented: unpigmented
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a few pieces, Redwood pulls away layers of paint and in others, he builds up the pigment with modeling paste.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It affects people worldwide regardless of ethnicity or gender, and prevents the body producing a pigment called melanin.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
But a few Christmases ago, they decided to try some other pigments, which gained modest traction in rural Wisconsin.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 颜料，色料; [生]色素
vt. 给…着色
vi. 呈现颜色
分布：色素(73%)，颜料(25%)，变色(1%)，把 ... 加颜色(1%)
→来自拉丁语pingere,涂色，上色，词源同paint,picture.-ment,名词后缀。引申词义颜色，色素。
【记】pig猪，ment＝meat肉－猪肉是粉色的－干粉颜料
noun countable or uncountable
■a substance which gives something a particular colour when it is present in it or is added to it 色素；颜料
• Melanin is the dark brown pigment of the hair, skin and eyes which is present in varying amounts in every human being. 黑色素是头发、皮肤和眼睛中的黑褐色色素，每个人体内或多或少都有这种色素。
• Pigment is mixed into oil, glue, egg, etc. to make different types of paint. 将颜料与油、胶水、鸡蛋等混合，制成各种涂料。
n. [生物] [物] [生化] 色素； [颜料] 颜料
 - paint, coloring matter
vt. 给…着色
 - colorize, stain

Word: pineapple
Front: pineapple
[ˈpaɪnæpl] (高六托 9086/12015 -1)
Back: n. 菠萝; 凤梨; 〈俚〉手榴弹
分布：菠萝(79%)，凤梨(21%)
→pine,松果，apple,苹果，水果。因形似松果而得名。
noun countable or uncountable
■(the yellow flesh and juice of) a large tropical fruit with a rough orange or brown skin and pointed leaves on top 凤梨
• tinned pineapples 罐头凤梨
• pineapple juice 凤梨汁
n. [园艺] 菠萝；凤梨；失业救济金
 - ananas, unemployment benefit

Word: furnace
Front: furnace
[ˈfɜ:nɪs] (研四六托雅宝 9102/10035 -1)
Vocabulary: furnace
(once / 578 pages)
n
A furnace is an appliance that heats houses and buildings by burning fuel or circulating hot water. Your furnace might rumble in the basement, sending heat up through your house's radiators.
Most houses in cold climates have a furnace, to warm their rooms during the chilly months of the year. Furnaces also have industrial uses, like burning trash or extracting ore from metal. If someone says, "It's as hot as a furnace in this classroom!" they mean that it's extremely hot. Furnace comes from the Old French fornaise, "oven," with the Latin root word fornacem, "oven or kiln."
WORD FAMILY
furnace: furnaces
USAGE EXAMPLES
To reduce heating costs, wood furnaces were installed in the homes and residents were put to work to provide a steady supply of wood.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Fire Chief Dan Meehan says the man was working on an old furnace underneath a grate in the floor when he fell in headfirst.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas produced when fuel is burned for cars, stoves, lanterns, fireplaces, furnaces, grills, and generators.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 熔炉，火炉; 极热的地方; 严峻的考验或磨难
分布：炉子(64%)，熔炉(30%)，闷热地带(4%)，严峻考验(2%)
→来自拉丁语fornax, 炉子，烤炉，来自gwher, 热，暖和，词源同warm, thermal,burn.
n.炉子,熔炉The preface is written on the surface of the furnace that faces the space facilities.序言写在面对太空设施的火炉表面.
US ['fɝ:-] noun countable
■a container which is heated to a very high temperature, so that substances that are put inside it, such as metal, will melt or burn 熔炉
• People who work with furnaces in a steel factory need to wear protective clothing. 钢厂里在熔炉边工作的人都需要穿防护服。
• This room's like a furnace (= is very hot) ! 这个房间热得像熔炉！
■US
■a piece of equipment for heating a building 暖气炉
• It's cold in here - should I turn on the furnace? 这里很冷——要不要我把暖气炉打开？
stove, oven, furnace
这组词都有“炉，炉子”的意思，其区别是：
stove: 通常指以柴、煤、气、电等作燃料，用于室内取暖或烧饭的火炉。
oven: 主要指烘烤食物用的炉子、烘箱。
furnace: 指冶炼用的熔炉或烧暖气用的锅炉。也可用作比喻。
n. [炉窑] 火炉，熔炉
 - stove, burner

Word: depressing
Front: depressing
[dɪˈpresɪŋ] (9094/6842 -K2)
Vocabulary: depressing
(once / 1385 pages)
adj
Depressing things make you feel sad or inadequate, possibly because they serve as reminders of weaknesses or defects. For example, it can be depressing to be around a happy family when all your relatives are fighting with each other.
If a friend acts as if something is depressing him, you might ask, "What's bringing you down?" In fact depress comes from the Latin word depremere, meaning "to press down." Depressing things make you feel like your spirits are low or your heart is heavy. Something depressing weighs you down, just as something happy tends to boost you or make you feel like you are flying high.
WORD FAMILY
depressing: depressingly+/ antidepressant: antidepressants/ depress: depressant, depressed, depresses, depressing, depression, depressive, depressor/depressant: antidepressant, depressants/ depressed: depressedly/ depression: depressions/depressive: depressives/depressor: depressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Friends with recent pneumonia experience confirmed this rather depressing outlook.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
As documented by the Center for American Progress, a prolonged foreclosure crisis was still depressing home values in those places.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
It’s already a stunningly depressing moment — and it hasn’t even begun.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人忧愁的，使人沮丧的; 使情绪低落的
adv. 令人忧愁地，使人沮丧地
n. 压抑，郁闷
v. 压下( depress的现在分词); 使愁苦; 降低（价格）; 使跌价
分布：令人沮丧的(95%)，动词depress的现在分词.(5%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■making you feel unhappy and without hope for the future 令人沮丧的，使人感到压抑的
• I find this weather so depressing. 我发现这样的天气让人感到十分压抑。
• Her letter made depressing reading. 她的信读起来令人沮丧。
• [+ -ing verb] It was very depressing watching the news on television tonight. 今晚的电视新闻让人感到非常压抑。
• [+ to infinitive] It 's depressing to think that we've got five more years of this government! 这个政府还要再执政五年，一想到这事就教人沮丧！
adj. 压抑的；使人沮丧的
 - repressive, discouraging

Word: anthrax
Front: anthrax
[ˈænθræks] (9090/38192)
Back: n. <医>炭疽（病）; 炭疽脓疱
分布：炭疽病(100%)
→来自希腊词anthrax, 炭，煤。此处指皮肤学的一种疾病症状，有如炙热的红炭。
noun uncountable
■a disease which causes fever, swelling and often death in animals, especially sheep and cattle (= male and female cows) , and can be passed on to humans 炭疽病（一种常引起牛羊死亡的传染病，可传给人）
n. [内科] 炭疽，炭疽热
 - charbon

Word: leftist
Front: leftist
[ˈleftɪst] (9101/16498 -1)
Back: n. 左派的人; 急进派; 左撇子
adj. 左派的; 左撇子的; 激进的
分布：左派的(46%)，急进派的(29%)，左翼的人(25%)
→来自left,左边。用于政治术语来自1837年，因英国立法院成员分坐左右两侧而得名。
noun countable
■a supporter of the political left 左派人士，左翼分子
['lef.tɪst] adjective
■supporting the political left 左派的，左翼的
n. 左派；急进派；左翼的人；左撇子
 - southpaw
adj. 左派的；左撇子的；急进派的
 - cack-handed

Word: mediator
Front: mediator
[ˈmi:dieɪtə(r)] (托 9087/12425)
Vocabulary: mediator
(once / 2005 pages)
n
A mediator is a person who helps negotiate between two feuding parties. When a married couple is considering getting divorced, they sometimes hire a mediator to help them come to an agreement, and possibly even avoid divorce.
The word mediator goes back to the Latin word medius, which means middle. A mediator is supposed to remain in the neutral middle rather than taking one side over another, in order to help both sides resolve a dispute. Mediators negotiate between employers and employees, disputing couples, and in schools helping kids work out their conflicts peacefully rather than fighting on the playground or lunchroom.
WORD FAMILY
mediator: mediators+/ intermediate: intermediated, intermediately, intermediates, intermediating, intermediation, intermediator/intermediation: intermediations/intermediator: intermediators/ mediate: intermediate, mediacy, mediated, mediately, mediateness, mediates, mediating, mediation, mediator, mediatory/ mediated: unmediated/ mediation: mediations/mediatory: mediatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The role of mediator is one Chancellor embraces, and it’s an important one on a team with big personalities and alpha males.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As I wrote in my very first Mediator column in March, it is not the mainstream, non-opinion news media’s job to determine outcomes.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
An independent mediator was being sought after U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 调停者; 调解人; 传递者; 中介物
分布：调解人(66%)，介质(34%)
→来自mediate,调停，调解，-or,人。即中间人，调解者，最初该词用于指耶稣基督，即基督在人和神之间的沟通和调停，后词义通用化。
调解人(mediate+or人)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
VERB
调解;调停;斡旋
If someone mediates between two groups of people, or mediates an agreement between them, they try to settle an argument between them by talking to both groups and trying to find things that they can both agree to.
例：My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom...我妈妈充当了泽尔达和她妈妈之间的调解人。
例：United Nations officials have mediated a series of peace meetings between the two sides...联合国官员已经促成了双方的一系列和平会谈。
VERB
调节;影响
If something mediates a particular process or event, it allows that process or event to happen and influences the way in which it happens.
例：...the thymus, the organ which mediates the response of the white blood cells...胸腺——调节白血球的反应的器官
例：People's responses to us have been mediated by their past experience of life.人们对我们作出的反应受到了他们过去生活经历的影响。
n. 调停者；传递者；中介物
 - adjuster, bridgebuilder

Word: trek
Front: trek
[trek] (雅宝 9100/11501 -2)
Vocabulary: trek
(once / 2297 pages)
nv
Want to go on a trek through the mountains? Make sure you have good shoes, drinking water, and snacks. A trek is a long and difficult journey.
The word trek implies an extended trip that is hard — a climb up a mountain or a journey through dense forests. In the movies and TV shows called "Star Trek," the crew of the Enterprise is on a journey through space that will last a long time. You wouldn't say that you took a trek to the corner grocery unless you had to fight through three feet of snow to get there.
WORD FAMILY
trek: treking, trekked, trekker, trekking, treks+/trekker: trekkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They think it’s something you see in ‘Star Trek.’
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
From now until then, Spielvogel, an avid weightlifter, plans to throw in as much cardio as possible to prepare for the trek.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
I’ve been celebrating 50 years of Star Trek this year.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 长途跋涉; 拖着腿走; 徒步旅行; （牛）拉货车
n. 长途跋涉; 艰难的旅程; 远距离行走
时态：trekked, trekking, treks
分布：长途跋涉(56%)，艰苦跋涉(44%)
→来 自 南 非 荷 兰 语 trek, 牛 车 ， 乘 牛 车 旅 行 或 迁 移 ， 来 自 荷 兰 语 trekken, 行 进 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*trakjana,拉，使移动，来自 dhragh,推，拉，词源同 drag,trigger.后引申词 义长途跋涉，远足等。
【记】trek＝tract拉，原指：拉着牛走的旅行－长途跋涉
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-kk-)
■to walk a long distance, usually over land such as hills, mountains or forests （徒步）长途跋涉，翻山越岭
• We spent the day trekking through forests and over mountains. 白天我们穿过丛林，翻山越岭。
• informal I trekked walked a long and tiring distance all the way into town to meet him and he didn't even turn up. 我大老远好不容易进城来看他，他却连面都不露一下。
[trek] noun countable
■a long walk over land such as hills, mountains or forests （徒步）长途跋涉，翻山越岭
• We did an eight hour trek yesterday. 昨天我们走了八个小时。
■informal
■a walk that is long and difficult or makes you feel very tired 长途跋涉（很长而困难的一段行程，或使你感到非常疲累的行程）
• You can walk to town from here, but it's a bit of a trek. 你可以从这里走到城里去，但是路有些远。
n. 艰苦跋涉
 - treck
vt. （牛）拉（货车）；搬运
 - pull, draw, carry
vi. 艰苦跋涉
 - treck

Word: gadget
Front: gadget
[ˈgædʒɪt] (宝 9105/13719 -1)
Vocabulary: gadget
(once / 2388 pages)
n
A gadget is a tool or device, especially one that works remarkably well for a specific task. Your dad's favorite kitchen gadget might be his special knife that cuts vegetables into spirals.
The remote control your brother rigs up to the Christmas tree is a gadget, and your camping tool that folds out into various knives, corkscrews, and scissors is another kind of gadget. The original spelling was gadjet, and it's thought to have originated in the 1850's as sailors' slang, meaning any mechanism or ship part that either lacked a name or whose name had been forgotten. It may be rooted in the French gâchette, "piece of a mechanism."
WORD FAMILY
gadget: gadgeteer, gadgets+/gadgeteer: gadgeteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the real game-changing gadget here is not on the weight room floor.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
An Israeli start-up will be showing off a gadget that promises to get us at least partly there.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But some smaller agencies that lack money for pricey gadgets and new staffers are worried.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 小玩意; 小配件; 小装置
分布：小玩意儿(70%)，小机件(18%)，小巧的机械(12%)
→词源不详，用来指各种不知名的小装置。拼写变体widget.
【记】gad（n 尖头棒），g，et小－小尖头棒－小工具
【参】用gadget扎你一下，你就会fidget（v /n 坐立不安）
noun countable
■a small device or machine with a particular purpose 小器具；小装置；小玩意儿
• kitchen gadgets 厨房器具
• Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites. 你见过这种很有用处的小装置吗——它是用来把蛋黄和蛋白分开的。
n. 小玩意；小器具；小配件；诡计
 - scheme, fraud

Word: stunt
Front: stunt
[stʌnt] (托宝 9106/11964 -1)
Vocabulary: stunt
(once / 907 pages)
1vn 2nv
To stunt is to slow or hinder. Some people say that drinking coffee will stunt your growth when you're a teenager — they worry that you won't grow any taller.
Poor nutrition can stunt your growth, and bad soil will do the same for a plant — a lack of moisture or nutrients will stunt the development of your lettuce or tomatoes. Another meaning of stunt is a dangerous trick, the kind performed in an action movie or by planes in an air show. The root of "check the growth" is the Old English stunt, "short witted or foolish," while the "trick" kind of stunt comes from nineteenth century American college slang.
WORD FAMILY
stunt: stunted, stunting, stunts+/stunted: stuntedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there’s a silver lining, it’s in the growing awareness that costly government regulations stunt the ag economy.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The stunt was a throwback to Jan. 1, 1976, when the prankster Daniel N. Finegood altered the letters in the same way.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He missed the following two games, and that time off stunted his development.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 惊险动作，特技; 噱头; 发育不良的动植物
vt. 阻碍…发育（生长）; 抑制，妨碍
vi. 表演特技; 作惊人表演
时态：stunted, stunting, stunts
分布：特技(91%)，表演特技(5%)，阻碍成长(4%)
→来自中古英语 stunt,矮的，发育不良的，来自古英语 stunt,愚笨的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stuntaz, 短的，矮小的，愚笨的，词源同 stint.
【记】stunt就是使人stand。
【反】nurture（v /n 养育）
noun countable
EXCITING ACTION 令人兴奋的动作
■an exciting action, usually in a film, that is dangerous or appears dangerous and usually needs to be done by someone skilled （通常指电影中的）特技动作
• It's a typical action film with plenty of spectacular stunts. 这是部典型的动作片，有很多精彩好看的特技。
• Tom Cruise has performed his own stunts for Mission Impossible 2, defying warnings from professionals. 汤姆‧克鲁斯不顾专业人员的警告，在《不可能的任务 2》中亲自表演自己的特技动作。
[stʌnt] noun countable
GET ATTENTION 引起注意 mainly disapproving
■something that is done to get attention for the person or people responsible for it 意在引人注目的花招，噱头
• an advertising stunt 广告噱头
• Their marriage was just a cheap publicity stunt. 他们的婚姻不过是低级宣传噱头。
[stʌnt] noun countable
pull a stunt informal
■to do something silly and risky 做愚蠢冒险的事，逞能
• What did you want to pull a stupid stunt like that for? 你那样逞强到底是为了甚么？
[stʌnt] verb transitive
■to prevent the growth or development of something from reaching its limit 妨碍…的正常生长；阻碍…的充分发展
• Drought has stunted (the growth of) this year's cereal crop. 干旱阻碍了今年谷物的生长。
• When Freya was a baby we were advised that watching television would stunt her imagination. 弗雷亚还是个婴儿时，别人劝告我们说，看电视会妨碍她的想像力正常发展。
n. 噱头，手腕；绝技
 - touches, wrist

Word: intuitive
Front: intuitive
[ɪnˈtju:ɪtɪv] (宝 9109/8759 -1)
Vocabulary: intuitive
(once / 1783 pages)
adj
If you're intuitive, you can probably guess what this word means just by looking at it. No? Maybe you're not so intuitive, after all. Intuitive means having the ability to understand or know something without any direct evidence or reasoning process.
Psychics are intuitive. So are mothers when they know you're lying. A process can be said to be intuitive as well, if it can be easily learned without any prior training — like an easy-to-learn software program. In human beings, intuitiveness is often thought of as something more mystical, as in the ability psychics have to predict the future.
WORD FAMILY
intuitive: counterintuitive, intuitively+/ counterintuitive: counterintuitively/ intuit: intuited, intuiting, intuition, intuitive, intuits/ intuition: intuitionism, intuitions/intuitionism: intuitionist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It means I’m imaginative, intuitive about ideas, visionary, enjoys the unusual and learns by experimenting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For any artist in any field, a lot of this is intuitive.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
“Conditioning is the most intuitive and familiar way to talk about this benefit for consumers,” said Mr. Lawton.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 直觉的; 凭直觉获知的; 直观的
分布：直觉的(100%)
直觉的[tut,tuit=protect,表示"保护"]
【参】intuition[SAT]（n 直觉）
【反】extraneous（adj 无关系的；外来的）
US [-'tu:.ɪ.tˌɪv] adjective
■based on feelings rather than facts or proof 直觉的；凭直觉的
• an intuitive approach/judgment 凭直觉的方法／判断
• Most people have an intuitive sense of right and wrong. 大多数人具有基于直觉的是非感。
■able to know or understand something because of feelings rather than facts or proof 凭直觉能知晓的
• Men are often regarded as less intuitive than women. 一般都认为男人的直觉不如女人敏锐。
adj. [心理] 直觉的；凭直觉获知的
 - instinctive, presentative

Word: caption
Front: caption
[ˈkæpʃn] (高雅宝 9117/10185 -4)
Vocabulary: caption
(once / 2137 pages)
1nv 2n
A caption is a brief description accompanying an illustration. You know the online photo of your baby cousin face-planting into a cake? The description underneath it that says "Hugh's First Birthday" — that's the caption.
The Latin root of caption is capito, which means "seizing" or "holding." What do captions have to do with seizing? Nothing. Centuries ago, when authorities seized someone's property for legal reasons, they presented documents that began with the phrase "certificate of caption." Eventually people began using the word to refer to the beginning of any document. Then they began using it to mean any article or chapter heading. And from chapter headings it was a short hop to picture headings. A long journey for a word whose definition includes the description "brief"!
WORD FAMILY
caption: captioned, captioning, captions, captious +/ captious: captiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
After his victory, the A.C.L.U.’s home page featured an image of him with the caption “See You in Court.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Cyrus captioned a photo of herself and Hemsworth with a young girl — all of them sporting wide smiles.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
One picture shows Ali’s toddler son holding a mobile phone to his ear, above the caption: “He is waiting for you to return.”
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 标题，说明文字，字幕; 字幕; 第三档
vt. 给（图片、照片等）加说明文字; 在（文件等）上加标题; 在…上加字幕
时态：captioned, captioning, captions
分布：说明文字(100%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，拿，握，见captive，accept. 即便于接受和理解的文字。
标题;字幕(cap+抓＋ion抓住主要内容→标题)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】cap拿，抓－抓住主要内容－标题
noun countable
■a short piece of text under a picture in a book, magazine or newspaper which describes the picture or explains what the people in it are doing or saying （图书、杂志或报纸图片的）说明文字
n. [语] [计] [图情] 标题；字幕；说明；逮捕
 - explanation, notes, title, legend, heading

Word: fortress
Front: fortress
[ˈfɔ:trəs] (六托 9115/7786 -1)
Vocabulary: fortress
(once / 367 pages)
n
A fortress is a large building or complex of buildings used as a military stronghold. In a military sense, a fortress is often called a “fort."
From its original sense of stronghold, the word fortress has stretched to include strongholds in a more figurative sense. Martin Luther used fortress to describe unfailing spiritual support when he wrote, “A mighty fortress is our God.” When someone has a hard time trusting others, you might say they have retreated to a "fortress of their own making."
WORD FAMILY
fortress: fortresses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school is surrounded on all sides by a fortress of public housing.
New York Times(Jun 06, 2016)
"The fortress needs a fair bit of investment and this is not the sort of property you would buy on a whim."
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
KAWKABAN, Yemen — The majestic fortress nestled atop a mountain here in northwestern Yemen survived the armies of the Islamic warrior Saladin in the 12th century.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 堡垒，要塞
vt. 设置要塞; 用要塞防守
分布：堡垒(56%)，要塞(43%)，防御工事(1%)
→来自fort, 坚固，坚强，堡垒。-ess, 名词后缀，词源同duress, largess,noblesse.
堡垒(fort+ress通常表示女性,这里指凹进去的堡垒;参考：actress女演员)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
堡垒(fort城堡)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
■a large strong building or group of buildings which can be defended from attack 城堡；堡垒；要塞；设防的地方
n. 堡垒；要塞
 - tower, bastion

Word: alcoholism
Front: alcoholism
[ˈælkəhɒlɪzəm] (9107/15010)
Back: n. 酒精中毒; 酗酒
分布：酗酒(62%)，酒精中毒(38%)
酒精中毒症(alcohol酒精)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [-hɑ:.lɪ-] noun uncountable
■the condition of being an alcoholic 酗酒
• Alcoholism cost me my job, my health and finally my family. 因为酗酒我丢了工作，伤了身体，最后毁了家庭。
n. 酗酒； [内科] 酒精中毒
 - bibulosity, alcohol intoxication

Word: augment
Front: augment
[ɔ:gˈment] (研六托雅宝 9113/8589 -1)
Vocabulary: augment
(once / 803 pages)
v
Do you need to make something bigger, better, or stronger? Then you need to augment it. To augment is to increase the amount or strength of something.
Maybe your bike isn't getting around very well on hills: the bike needs to be augmented with a better set of tires. People augment their computers and phones all the time, adding new gadgets and apps. They augment the storage space in their cars by buying roof racks. If the President decides to augment taxes, taxes are going up. When you see the word augment, think "More!"
WORD FAMILY
augment: augmentation, augmentative, augmented, augmenting, augments+/ augmentation: augmentations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The security measures are part of augmented precautions across the nation for New Year’s Eve.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Scientists who want to redesign or augment nature need a much shorter time frame.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The mobile title became a sensation — albeit briefly — and brought augmented reality to the populace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 增强，加强; 增加，增添; （使）扩张，扩大
n. 增加，补充物
时态：augmented, augmenting, augments
分布：增加(95%)，补充物(5%)
→来自词根aug, 增加。
增大(aug+ment)[aug=increase,表示"增加"]
vt.(使)增大,增加,增长,扩张The king augmented his power by taking over rights that had belonged to the nobles.国王接收贵族们的权力,以扩张他的权力.
【记】律师有好的argument，money就augment
【反】abate（v 使减少）；abrade（v 磨损）；decrease（n /v 降低）；diminution（n 减少）；
US [ɑ:g-] formal
verb transitive
■to increase the size or value of something by adding something to it 提高；增大；加强
• He would have to find work to augment his income. 他可能不得不找一些工作来增加收入。
enlarge, magnify, increase, expand, multiply, augment, amplify
这组词都有“增加，增大”的意思，其区别是：
enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大；也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。
increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。
expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加。
augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vi. 增加；增大
 - improve, gain, accelerate, make, grow in
vt. 增加；增大
 - enhance, boost, jack, mount, hot
n. 增加；增大
 - enhancement, increase, gain, rise, accession

Word: racer
Front: racer
[ˈreɪsə(r)] (9120/16796 -1)
Back: n. 专供比赛用的动物，比赛用的车辆; 比赛者; （美洲）黑蛇
分布：比赛者(44%)，黑蛇(35%)，比赛用汽车(21%)
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a person or thing that races 赛跑者；参赛的人（动物、车、艇等）
■* a racing bike
n. 比赛者；比赛用的汽车
 - player

Word: nuance
Front: nuance
[ˈnju:ɑ:ns] (雅宝 9104/13819 -1)
Vocabulary: nuance
(once / 5289 pages)
n
Use nuance to refer to a very small difference in color, meaning, or feeling. What makes singers brilliant is not how loud they can sing a note, but how many nuances they can evoke through their approach.
Pronounced "NOO-ahns," this noun was borrowed from French in the 18th century and derives ultimately from Latin nūbēs "a cloud." Think of clouds––subtle gradations in color to understand this word. When you say a work of art was nuanced, it means there was a lot to it, but incorporated subtly.
WORD FAMILY
nuance: nuances
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scientists, he explained, didn’t do a good job of communicating the nuances of their forecasts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the nuances of the dynamic between the two stars are exposed in the film.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The model defers to local physicians who are in tune with local cultural nuances.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 细微差别; 细微的表情
分布：细微差别(100%)
→来自法语nuance,细微差别，云影，来自拉丁语nubes,云朵，水气，词源同nebula,nimbus.
【记】nu牛，ance读：盎司－牛用盎司来称体重，因为只有细微差别
【反】patent difference（明显的差异）；lack of subtlety（缺乏微妙）；sharp distinction（明显差别）
US ['nu:-] noun countable
■a very slight difference in appearance, meaning, sound, etc （外表、意义、声音等的）细微差别
• The painter has managed to capture every nuance of the woman's expression. 画家对这个女子面部表情的刻画细致入微。
• Linguists explore the nuances of language. 语言学家研究语言的细微差别。

Word: lifting
Front: lifting
[lɪftɪŋ] (9098/8877)
Back: n. 举起; 起重; 上升; 提高
v. 举起，抬起( lift的现在分词 ); 提高; 运送; 解除（封锁、包围等）
分布：举起(92%)，动词lift的现在分词形式.(8%)
VERB
提；抬；举；（尤指）向上移动
If you lift something, you move it to another position, especially upwards.
例：The Colonel lifted the phone and dialed his superior...上校拿起电话，拨通了上司的号码。
例：She lifted the last of her drink to her lips.她将最后一点饮料送到唇边。
VERB
抬起，举起（身体的一部分）
If you lift a part of your body, you move it to a higher position.
例：Amy lifted her arm to wave. 'Goodbye,' she called...埃米举起胳膊挥挥手。“再见，”她喊道。
例：She lifted her foot and squashed the wasp into the ground.她抬起脚，把黄蜂踩扁。
VERB
抬起（头或眼睛）
If you lift your eyes or your head, you look up, for example when you have been reading and someone comes into the room.
例：When he finished he lifted his eyes and looked out the window.他完成之后抬起眼睛往窗外看去。
VERB
撤销，解除（法令等）
If people in authority lift a law or rule that prevents people from doing something, they end it.
例：The European Commission has urged France to lift its ban on imports of British beef.欧盟委员会敦促法国解除进口英国牛肉的禁令。
V-ERG
（使）（情绪）高涨；（使）（心情）振奋
If something lifts your spirits or your mood, or if they lift, you start feeling more cheerful.
例：He used his incredible sense of humour to lift my spirits...他用自己不可思议的幽默感逗我开心。
例：A brisk walk in the fresh air can lift your mood and dissolve a winter depression...在清新的空气中轻快地散散步，会让你心情愉快，一扫冬日的抑郁。
N-SING
鼓舞；振奋
If something gives you a lift, it gives you a feeling of greater confidence, energy, or enthusiasm.
例：My selection for the team has given me a tremendous lift.入选该队给了我极大的鼓舞。
N-COUNT
电梯
A lift is a device that carries people or goods up and down inside tall buildings.
例：They took the lift to the fourth floor.他们坐电梯到了五楼。
N-COUNT
搭便车；搭顺风车
If you give someone a lift somewhere, you take them there in your car as a favour to them.
例：He had a car and often gave me a lift home.他有车，经常让我搭他的车回家。
VERB
（尤指在战争中）空运（居民或货物）
If a government or organization lifts people or goods in or out of an area, it transports them there by aircraft, especially when there is a war.
例：The army lifted people off rooftops where they had climbed to escape the flooding...军队空运转移了为躲避洪水而爬到房顶的群众。
例：The helicopters are designed to quickly lift soldiers and equipment to the battlefield.这些直升机是为将士兵和装备快速空运到战场上而设计的。
VERB
提高；增加
To lift something means to increase its amount or to increase the level or the rate at which it happens.
例：The bank lifted its basic home loans rate to 10.99% from 10.75%...银行将基本房屋贷款利率从10.75%提高到10.99%。
例：A barrage would halt the flow upstream and lift the water level.一道拦河坝将会在上游拦住水流，抬升水位。
VERB
（雾、云等）上升，消散
If fog, cloud, or mist lifts, it reduces, for example by moving upwards or by becoming less thick.
例：The fog had lifted and revealed a warm, sunny day.雾已经散了，看来是温暖晴朗的一天。
VERB
掘出，挖出，拔起（根菜或球茎）
If you lift root vegetables or bulbs, you dig them out of the ground.
例：Lift carrots on a dry day and pack them horizontally in boxes of damp sand.晴天时把胡萝卜挖出来，平放在装有湿沙的盒子里。
adj. 举起的，起重的
 - upraised
n. 举起，起重；提高，上升
 - up with, increase, upgrade, rise, raise
v. 举起，抬起（lift的ing形式）
 - raising, heaving

Word: wisely
Front: wisely
[waɪzlɪ] (9108/9601)
Back: adv. 聪明地，英明地; 明智地
分布：聪明地(60%)，精明地(40%)
adverb
■showing good judgment 明智的；稳妥的
• Sian had very wisely left the party before all the trouble started. 沙恩很明智地在一切麻烦开始之前就离开了那个聚会。
• Invest your money wisely through Home Counties Savings Trust. 透过伦敦周围各郡储蓄托管机构明智地投资。
adv. 明智地；聪明地；精明地
 - intelligently, cleverly

Word: devastation
Front: devastation
[ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn] (托 9119/11134 -1)
Vocabulary: devastation
(once / 2062 pages)
n
When there's devastation, there's terrible destruction. You can see the devastation from a violent hurricane and feel devastation over all the people that were injured.
When a natural disaster causes widespread death and destruction, that's devastation. This is a strong word that suggests serious damage has occurred, leaving almost nothing left. One knocked over car isn't devastation, but a whole town being wiped out is. People can also feel devastation — it's a kind of extreme sadness or state of feeling emotionally wrecked.
WORD FAMILY
devastation: devastations+/ devastate: devastated, devastates, devastating, devastation / devastating: devastatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The remains of the boat were towed back to Jakarta, where images showed the devastation caused by the blaze.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
He said it aimed to mobilize public opinion “in the face of the devastation of unique heritage.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And when some of Ben’s choices lead to disastrous consequences, the nakedness of his devastation is painful to watch.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 毁坏; 荒废; 极度震惊或悲伤
分布：大面积破坏(60%)，极度震惊或悲伤(40%)
noun uncountable
DAMAGE 损害
■damage and destruction 毁灭性的，破坏性极大的
• If disease is allowed to spread, it will cause widespread devastation. 如果疾病蔓延开来，将造成大范围的灾难性后果。
• The storm left behind it a trail of devastation. 风暴过后，留下了一片狼藉。
[ˌdev.ə'steɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
STRONG FEELING 强烈感觉
■feeling very shocked or upset 极度惊骇；（感情上的）重创
• She had a look of utter devastation on her face. 她脸上露出一副受到沉重打击的样子。
n. 毁坏，荒废
 - demolition, disruption

Word: safeguard
Front: safeguard
[ˈseɪfgɑ:d] (研六雅宝 9121/6520 -2)
Vocabulary: safeguard
(once / 916 pages)
nv
A safeguard is a defense or precaution. You could describe a flu shot as a safeguard against getting sick, for example.
Safeguards protect against something negative, whether it's an attacking army invading a country or a boy you don't like much asking you to the prom. A store's security system is a safeguard against theft, and a secret password is a safeguard against your sister reading your email. You can use it as a verb too: "We clearly need to safeguard our Halloween candy so Mom and Dad don't steal it after we go to bed."
WORD FAMILY
safeguard: safeguarded, safeguarding, safeguards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bruce Schneier, a technology security expert, said Trump was right to question the safeguards that exist for protecting his own communications as president.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Last month, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau issued a welcome, industrywide call for comments on third-party data access and possible additional safeguards.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But, more importantly, it ultimately helps to safeguard our patients from avoidable harm.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 保护，保卫; 防护措施; 安全设施
vt. 保护，保卫; 防护
时态：safeguarded, safeguarding, safeguards
分布：保护(67%)，保卫(25%)，保护措施(7%)，保卫者(1%)
→safe,安全的，guard,保卫。
v.维护,保护,捍卫n.安全装置,安全措施The guardian found a quarterly quart of quartz in the safeguard.监护人在安全装置内找到了四分之一夸脱石英.
【记】safe安全，guard保卫safeguard是P&G的舒肤佳香皂商标－保护皮肤
US [-gɑ:rd] verb transitive
■to protect something from harm 保护，保卫；捍卫，维护
• The union safeguards the interests of all its members. 工会捍卫每位成员的利益。
UK ['seɪf.gɑ:d] US [-gɑ:rd] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  safeguard against sth
■to do things that you hope will stop something unpleasant from happening 预防，避免
• A good diet will safeguard against disease. 搭配合理的饮食可以预防疾病。
shelter, guard, harbour, safeguard, defend, shield, protect
这组词都有“保护、保卫”的意思，其区别是：
shelter: 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
guard: 普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
harbour: 贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。
safeguard: 语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。
defend: 普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。
shield: 语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。
protect: 普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。
n. [安全] 保护；保卫；保护措施
 - protection, lee, conservation
vt. [安全] 保护，护卫
 - secure, preserve, shelter

Word: undercut
Front: undercut
[ˌʌndəˈkʌt] (宝 9112/13836 -1)
Back: vt. （网球等）从下削球; 廉价出售; 较便宜的工资工作
n. （网球等）下旋球; 牛的)腰部肉，里脊
vi. 底切
时态：undercut, undercutting, undercuts
分布：削弱(82%)，切球(6%)，廉价出售或工作(3%)，从下边切(3%)，下部切割(3%)，切口(3%)
US [-dɚ-] (undercutting, undercut, undercut)
verb transitive
CHARGE LESS THAN 报价少于
■to charge less than a competitor 报价低于（竞争对手）
• Big supermarkets can undercut all rivals, especially small high-street shops. 大型超市售价可以低于所有竞争对手，尤其是那些商业街上的小店铺。
• They claim to undercut their competitors by at least 5%. 他们宣称售价至少要比竞争对手低5%。
UK [ˌʌn.də'kʌt] US [-dɚ-] (undercutting, undercut, undercut)
verb transitive
DAMAGE 损害
■to damage something or to cause it to fail; undermine 削弱；损害；使失败
• He suspected it was an attempt to undercut his authority. 他怀疑这是企图削弱他的权力。
vt. 廉价出售；较便宜的工资工作；从下边削球
 - bargain sale

Word: touching
Front: touching
[ˈtʌtʃɪŋ] (托雅宝 9116/9649)
Back: adj. 令人同情的，感人的，动人的
prep. <书>关于，至于
v. 接触(touch的现在分词)
分布：动人的(41%)，感人的(33%)，关于(16%)，有关(9%)，动词touch的现在分词.(1%)
→比喻用法。
adjective
■making you feel sadness, sympathy, etc. 感人的
• a touching story 动人的故事
• The way she looked after her little sister was really touching. 她照顾小妹妹的方法真令人感动。
adj. 动人的，令人同情的
 - affecting, moving, melting
prep. 至于，关于
 - concerning, about, in the case of, as regards as, as to...
v. 接触；感动（touch的ing形式）
 - affecting, contacting

Word: shun
Front: shun
[ʃʌn] (托宝 9114/14061 -1)
Vocabulary: shun
(once / 687 pages)
v
If you purposely stay away from someone, you shun that person. A sensitive baker may ask why you are shunning her cookies.
Although the verb shun means to deliberately avoid anything, it has a specific meaning in certain groups and communities. In this case, it means to ostracize or expel from that group or community. The Amish, for example, may shun members of their order who repeatedly ignore the beliefs and rules of Amish society. The word may also be used in more casual group settings. After many attempts at being polite, you and your friends began to shun the obnoxious woman who never let you get a word in edgewise.
WORD FAMILY
shun: shunned, shunning, shuns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alaoui shunned the traditions of ethnographic “exoticism,” instead favoring a more egalitarian, respectful approach.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Consumers must shun Chinese products to weaken Beijing commercially and militarily, he writes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
They continue to appear to want to shun the outside world, just as they thrive, hunt game and farm.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 避开，回避; 避免
时态：shunned, shunning, shuns
分布：避开(44%)，避免(32%)，回避(24%)
→来自古英语 scunian,逃避，避免，隐藏，词源不详。可能最终来自 skeu,隐藏，遮蔽，词 源同 hide,shame.
【记】读：闪－闪避
【反】seek actively（积极寻找）；haunt（v 经常拜访）frequent（v 时常出入）－『shun』avoid（此题争议较大）
[ʃʌn] (-nn-)
verb transitive
■to avoid something 避开，避免
• She has shunned publicity since she retired from the theatre. 告别舞台生涯后，她便远离了大众的注意。
■to ignore someone and not speak to them because you cannot accept their behaviour, beliefs, etc. 躲避，回避
• After the trial he was shunned by friends and family alike. 审判后，朋友和家人都躲着他。
vt. 避开，避免；回避
 - escape, shy off

Word: coordinate
Front: coordinate
[kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt] (研四六托雅宝 4847/7991 -2)
Vocabulary: coordinate
(once / 566 pages)
1adj 2v 3n
The word coordinate is all about getting things in order. Are your ducks in a row? Well, then you know what it means to coordinate something. And if you know exactly where to drop the bomb, then you know what the coordinates are.
Coordinate is one of those words that can mean very different things but is rarely misunderstood in context. It’s a great way to describe the work of organizing, planning, and strategizing. When synchronizing the needs of two distinct groups, for instance, it is necessary to coordinate priorities and schedules. And as you speed down the highway, listening to the serene voice on your GPS announce the coordinates of your destination, chances are you don’t think she’s organizing resources.
WORD FAMILY
coordinate: coordinated, coordinately, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinative, coordinator +/ coordinated: uncoordinated/ coordination: coordinations, incoordination/ coordinator: coordinators/uncoordinated: uncoordinatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The federal government and private insurers are rewarding health care providers that work together to coordinate care and avoid unnecessary expenses.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The goal is to promote quality and contain costs by encouraging doctors, hospitals and rehab centers to coordinate care.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At least one was apparently coordinating with a Malaysian in Syria.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使协调，使调和; 整合; 使（身体各部份）动作协调; （衣服、布料等）搭配
vi. 协调; 协同; 成为同等; 被归入同一类别
时态：coordinated, coordinating, coordinates
分布：坐标(96%)，同等的(2%)，配套服装(1%)，同等的人物(1%)
→co-, 强调。-ord, 秩序，词源同order.
协调:同等的(co+ordin顺序+ate→顺序一样→同等的引申为平等;协调)[co-表示"共同",通常放在元音词根前]
协作a.同等的;坐标的(co共同+ordin+ate→共同顺序→同等的)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
a.同等的n.同等者,坐标vt.协作,协调The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
【记】co共同，ordin＝order顺序－有共同顺序－协调的比较好
【参】coordination（n 同等；调和）
US [koʊˈɔːr-]
COMBINE 联合 (ALSO UK also co-ordinate) transitive
■to make various different things work effectively as a whole 协调；使相配合；调节
• We need someone to coordinate the whole campaign. 我们需要有个人来协调整个活动。
• A number of charities are coordinating their efforts to distribute food to the region. 几家慈善机构通力协作为该地区分发食品。
verb UK [kəʊˈɔː.dɪ.neɪt] US [koʊˈɔːr-]
MATCH 相配
intransitive
■to match; to look attractive together 相配，相称；协调
• The bed linen coordinates with the bedroom curtains. 床单和睡房的窗帘很相配。
• a coordinating jacket and skirt 搭配得体的上衣和裙子
noun UK [kəʊˈɔː.dɪ.nət] US [koʊˈɔːr-]
POINT 点
countable usually plural
■one of a pair of numbers and/or letters that show the exact position of a point on a map or graph 座标
noun UK [kəʊˈɔː.dɪ.nət] US [koʊˈɔːr-]
MATCHING 协调
coordinates [plural]
■clothes, especially for women, which are made in matching colours or styles so that they can be worn together （尤指颜色、样式协调的女性）配套服装，套装
adj. 并列的； [物化] 同等的
 - paratactic, tantamount
vt. 调整；整合
 - adjust, restructure
vi. 协调
 - sort, concert

Word: binding
Front: binding
[ˈbaɪndɪŋ] (9118/5163 -2)
Back: n. 捆绑; （衣服等的）镶边; 粘合剂; 书籍的封面
adj. 捆绑的; 粘合的; （书面材料）有约束力的; 应履行的
v. 约束( bind的现在分词); 装订; 捆绑; （用长布条）缠绕
分布：镶边(68%)，有法律约束力的(16%)，必须遵守的(16%)
adjective
■(especially of an agreement) which cannot be legally avoided or stopped （尤指协议）必须遵守的，有结束力的
• a binding agreement 必须遵守的协定
• The contract wasn't legally binding. 这份合约在法律上没有约束力。
['baɪn.dɪŋ] noun
countable or uncountable
■the type of cover that a book has （书籍的）封皮
uncountable
■a thin strip of material which can be sewn along the edges of clothes or other objects 镶边，滚边
binding, sustaining, restraining
binding: 有约束力的
sustaining: 持续的，支持的
restraining: 抑制的，遏制的
n. 装订；捆绑；粘合物
 - bookbinding, tying up
adj. 有约束力的；捆绑的
 - bundled

Word: eradicate
Front: eradicate
[ɪˈrædɪkeɪt] (六托雅宝 9110/8573 -1)
Vocabulary: eradicate
(once / 1489 pages)
v
To eradicate something is to get rid of it, to destroy it, and to kiss it goodbye.
Eradicate is from the Latin word eradicare meaning "to root out." When you yank that weed up by the roots, it has been eradicated; it's not coming back. Eradicate often means to kill a bunch of somethings, like what you want the poison to do to the roach family and their extended relatives living in your house, and what we thought we did to bedbugs. You can also eradicate corruption, poverty, or diseases. Although there are all kinds of things to get rid of, we usually want to only eradicate the bad things.
WORD FAMILY
eradicate: eradicable, eradicated, eradicates, eradicating, eradication, eradicator+/eradicable: ineradicable/eradicator: eradicators/ineradicable: ineradicably
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2009, the Sri Lankan government decided to do something extraordinary: to try to eradicate malaria in less than five years.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
This in turn will, Irons explains, allow his malevolent mastermind to eradicate free will and thereby cure humanity’s penchant for violence.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Duterte, 71, campaigned for the presidency on promises to eradicate the country’s widespread illegal drug problem by killing suspected criminals without due process.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 摧毁; 完全根除
n. 根除者; 褪色灵
时态：eradicated, eradicating, eradicates
分布：根除(78%)，消灭(20%)，根绝(2%)
→e-, 向外。-rad, 根，词源同radish, root.即连根拔起，根除。
根除,灭绝(e+radic根＋ate→把根挖出→根除)[e-,ef-表示"出,出来"]
根除,消灭(e出+radic+ate→把根拨出)[Radic=root,表示"根"]
【记】e出，radic根 －使根出来－根除
【参】radical（adj 激进的；基本的）；radix（n 基数；根本）；eradication（n 根除；消灭）
【反】engender（v 造成；产生）
[ɪ'ræd.ɪ.keɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to get rid of completely or destroy something bad 根除；消灭；杜绝
• The government claims to be doing all it can to eradicate corruption. 政府声称正尽其所能根治腐败。
• The disease which once claimed millions of lives has now been eradicated. 这种曾夺去数百万人生命的疾病现在已被根除了。
vt. 根除，根绝；消灭
 - destroy, root out

Word: underwater
Front: underwater
[ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r)] (托 9111/11632 -K1)
Back: adj. 在水中的; 水面下的
adv. 在水下，在水中
分布：在水下(79%)，水下的(18%)，在水中生长的(3%)
US [-dɚ'wɑ:.tˌɚ] adjective adverb
■under the surface of the water, especially under the surface of the sea 在水下（的）；（尤指）在海面下（的）
• an underwater camera (= a camera that you can use under water) 水下摄像机
• Some species of turtle can remain underwater for 24 hours. 有些种类的海龟能在水下逗留上24小时。
adj. 在水中的；水面下的
 - submerged

Word: malaria
Front: malaria
[məˈleəriə] (雅 9136/12432 -1)
Vocabulary: malaria
(once / 1570 pages)
n
Malaria is an infectious disease that spreads through mosquitoes. If you're traveling in a warm-climate area in the tropics, you might be in danger of contracting malaria. Pack your Deep Woods OFF!.
Malaria's symptoms include high fevers, chills, flu-like symptoms, and anemia. Malaria is found in warmer-climate places like the tropics and subtropics. When people travel on vacation to these places, they are in danger of contracting the disease. While Malaria is treatable, more than a million people die of the disease each year.
WORD FAMILY
malaria: malarial, malarias+/antimalarial: antimalarials/malarial: antimalarial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of these cases are due to pneumonia being misdiagnosed as malaria.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The hospital is also seeing more cases of measles, malaria and skin diseases, mostly affecting the more than 3 million people displaced by the war.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In 2009, the Sri Lankan government decided to do something extraordinary: to try to eradicate malaria in less than five years.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <医>疟疾; 瘴气; 瘴疠; 痁
分布：疟疾(100%)
→来自意大利语mala aria,坏空气，来自mala,坏的，邪恶的，aria,空气，词源同air.因古代观念认为疟疾，瘴气等疾病是由恶臭的空气引起的。
US [-'ler.i-] noun uncountable
■a disease that you can get from the bite of a particular type of mosquito (= a small flying insect) which causes periods of fever and makes you feel very cold and shake. It is common in many hotter parts of the world. 疟疾
n. [内科] 疟疾；瘴气
 - paludism, agrue

Word: displacement
Front: displacement
[dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] (六托 9099/8854)
Vocabulary: displacement
(once / 3229 pages)
1n 2n
Displacement occurs when one party unfairly or inappropriately replaces another. If you arrive at work to find someone else sitting at your desk, you might want to complain to your boss about your recent displacement.
Displacement can be a depressing topic, given that it often involves people being forced to leave somewhere where they belong. However, for a more cheerful take on this word, put your foot in the bathtub and watch the water level rise. Scientifically speaking, your foot is causing displacement of the water. It was this observation that led Archimedes to develop his famous principle about buoyancy (and, perhaps more famously, to run through the streets naked in celebration).
WORD FAMILY
displacement: displacements+/ displace: displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing/ implacable: implacably/ misplace: misplaced, misplacement, misplaces, misplacing/misplacement: misplacements/placable: implacable, placably/ place: displace, misplace, placable, placeable, placed, placement, places, placing/placed: unplaced/placement: placements
USAGE EXAMPLES
The average length of displacement is just over 10 years and for those displaced by conflict, the figure rises to 17 years.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Most are now in displacement camps in the neighboring Kurdish region and south of Mosul.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Proponents and opponents of a University District upzone are telling very different stories about potential displacement.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 取代，替代; 免职，停职; [船] 排水量; [化]置换
分布：位移(82%)，置换(6%)，移动(5%)，排水量(5%)，转位(2%)
noun uncountable
■when people are forced to leave the place where they normally live 被迫移居他乡
• The recent famine in these parts has caused the displacement of tens of thousands of people. 最近，这些地区闹饥荒，迫使数万人逃往他乡。
specialized
■the weight of liquid that is forced out of position by an object which is floating on or in it 排水量
n. [化学] 取代， [心理] 移位； [船] [航] [机] 排水量
 - shifting, subrogation

Word: scam
Front: scam
[skæm] (9135/20554 -1)
Vocabulary: scam
(once / 6264 pages)
nv
A scam is a sneaky or dishonest plan that's meant to con someone. A diet scam, for example, falsely claims that people will lose weight if they buy special pills or drinks.
A scam is basically a hoax dressed up to look like a real business plan, worthwhile invention, or investment idea. Scams are almost always designed to make money for their creators. You can also use the word as a verb: "His evil plan was to scam people into buying fake tickets to the baseball game." Word experts know that scam came from US carnival slang, but beyond that its origins are a mystery.
WORD FAMILY
scam: scammed, scammer, scamming, scams+/scammer: scammers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem says more than 100 North Dakota residents were victims of these scams, with some individuals losing thousands of dollars.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That worker called police, who found Binsfield at another nearby restaurant allegedly pulling the scam.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"Such a scam. Donate to the theatre directly if you want to," one detractor wrote on the GoFundMe page.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 骗局; 诡计; <美俚>诓骗; 故事
vt. 欺诈; 诓骗
时态：scammed, scamming, scams
分布：骗局(58%)，诈骗(37%)，骗钱(5%)
→俚语，可能缩写自 scamp,流氓，骗子。
[skæm] informal
noun countable
■an illegal plan for making money 欺诈，诈骗
• an insurance scam 保险诈骗
n. 骗局，诡计；故事
 - relation, story, scheme, fraud, yarn
vt. 欺诈；诓骗
 - rip off, illude
vi. 欺诈；诓骗
 - rip off, pettifog

Word: interdisciplinary
Front: interdisciplinary
[ˌɪntəˈdɪsəplɪnəri] (宝 9130/13212)
Vocabulary: interdisciplinary
(once / 59997 pages)
adj
Something that's interdisciplinary covers more than one field of study. If you take an interdisciplinary science and literature class, you might read a science fiction novel and then explore the scientific ideas behind it.
The word interdisciplinary can be broken into its parts: inter-, which means "between" in Latin, and disciplinary, which is from the Latin disciplina and means teaching or knowledge. Interdisciplinary means between fields, but they don't have to be unrelated disciplines. You can do interdisciplinary work between two sciences, for example. An interdisciplinary conference on biology and computer science might include workshops on both fields.
WORD FAMILY
disciplinary: disciplinarily, interdisciplinary +/disciplinarian: disciplinarians/ discipline: disciplinarian, disciplinary, disciplined, disciplines, disciplining, indiscipline, self-discipline, undiscipline/ disciplined: self-disciplined, undisciplined/indiscipline: indisciplines
USAGE EXAMPLES
It followed an interdisciplinary approach in proposing solutions to worldwide problems, through science, diplomacy, economics and other fields.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Williams will receive the honorary degree during the doctoral hooding ceremony, hosted by the School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Four more interdisciplinary centers will be created with the new donation, which together with the CBIC will form the core of the Chen Institute.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 各学科间的; 跨学科
分布：跨学科的(80%)，各学科间的(20%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，discipline,学科。
【记】discipline（n 纪律；学科v 训练）
US [-tˌɚ'dɪs.ə.plɪ.ner-] adjective
■involving two or more different subjects or areas of knowledge 学科间的，跨学科的
• interdisciplinary courses 跨学科课程
• an interdisciplinary approach to the problem 对该问题进行的跨学科研究法

Word: crossroads
Front: crossroads
[ˈkrɒsrəʊdz] (高 9096/8633 -1)
Vocabulary: crossroads
(once / 4308 pages)
1n 2n
The noun crossroads is great for describing a point in your life when you have to make an important decision, like when you need to choose whether to attend college or backpack across Asia.
Though a literal definition of crossroads might be something like "the point where two roads meet," it is more often used in a figurative way, to mean a situation that requires some important choice must be made. The word crossroads has been used to title dozens of songs and albums over the years, and it's known in folk mythology as an otherworldly place — between two worlds — where spirits tend to congregate.
WORD FAMILY
crossroad: crossroads
USAGE EXAMPLES
If celebrants leave the Crossroads of the World once they’re in one of 35 metal pens, they aren’t allowed to re-enter.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She also is leaving at a crossroads for sentencing changes.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Southern Rail faced some unexpected delays - when a lorry transporting one of its carriages got stuck while trying to turn a corner at a crossroads.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 十字路口; 转折点，重大的抉择时刻
分布：十字路(92%)，交叉路口(8%)
US ['krɑ:s.roʊdz] (plural crossroads)
noun countable
■a place where two roads meet and cross each other 十字路口
UK ['krɒs.rəʊdz] US ['krɑ:s.roʊdz] (plural crossroads)
noun countable
be at a crossroads
■to be at a stage in your life when you have to make a very important decision 处于关键时刻；在紧要关头
n. 十字路口；交叉路口；聚会的中心地点（crossroad的复数形式）
 - intersections

Word: fallout
Front: fallout
[ˈfɔ:laʊt] (9133/22882 -1)
Vocabulary: fallout
(once / 4100 pages)
1n 2n
Fallout is the cloud of radioactive material that falls from the sky after a nuclear blast. Fear of the effects of fallout is just one reason some people are nervous about nuclear energy.
Nuclear fallout settles on the ground and in the atmosphere after a nuclear bomb explodes or a reaction occurs at a damaged nuclear power plant. The dangers of this kind of fallout are enormous, including immediate death and long-term illness caused by breathing and eating the radioactive dust. Another kind of fallout is more figurative — it's any kind of negative effect or result, like the fallout from telling your family you're getting an enormous tattoo.
WORD FAMILY
fallout: fallouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
I left your own emotional fallout, from a lifetime of association with your father, for last because I hope you’ll tend to it first.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“I think there was just destined to be some serious fallout when Don left,” longtime Washington broadcaster Bob Rondeau said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Minnesota songwriter documents the fallout from a divorce with a set of poignant folk-pop songs that are tuneful and raw.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 放射尘; （核爆炸后的）沉降物; 附带后果; 余波
分布：余波(49%)，附带结果(25%)，辐射尘(19%)，原子尘的降下(7%)
→来自短语fall out, 用于核物理名词。
US ['fɑ:l-] noun uncountable
NUCLEAR 核武器的
■the radioactive dust in the air after a nuclear explosion （核爆炸后产生的）放射性落尘
• Cancer deaths caused by fallout from weapons testing could rise to 2.4 million over the next few centuries. 武器试验产生的放射性落尘所引致的癌症死亡人数可能在随后几个世纪里增至240万。
UK ['fɔ:l.aʊt] US ['fɑ:l-] noun uncountable
UNPLEASANT RESULT 不良影响
■the unpleasant results or effects of an action or event 不良影响，恶果
• The political fallout of the revelations has been immense. 这些被曝光事件产生的负面政治影响相当巨大。

Word: horrific
Front: horrific
[həˈrɪfɪk] (宝 9137/8628 -1)
Vocabulary: horrific
(once / 7238 pages)
adj
Something horrific causes horror. It’s disastrous and makes you shudder with fear. Yikes!
If something horrific, like a deadly car crash, makes your hair stand up, you’re onto something. Horrific comes from the Latin word horrificus — which, if you trace it back, literally means “making the hair stand on end.” Anything horrific fills you with horror and makes you bristle. If you lose your hat, that’s a bummer. A serial killer’s rampage? That's horrific. Save horrific for things that are so scary your hair stands up, or feels like it is.
WORD FAMILY
horrific: horrifically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brazil's prison system is precariously overcrowded and conditions in many institutions are horrific.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Brazil’s prison system is precariously overcrowded and conditions in many institutions are horrific.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s a very unctuous, oily, truly horrific villain who the audience will enjoy despising.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 令人恐惧的，可怕的，恐怖的; 令人毛骨悚然的
分布：可怕的(73%)，恐怖的(23%)，很不愉快的(4%)
可怕的(horr恐惧+ific)[-ific表形容词"产生…的"]
adjective
■very bad and shocking 极其可怕的；令人震惊的
• a horrific accident/crime 极其可怕的意外事故／骇人的罪行
• horrific injuries 极为严重的伤势
adj. 可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的
 - terrible, awesome, fearful, dire, dreadful

Word: larva
Front: larva
[ˈlɑ:və] (托宝 9123/7470 -1)
Back: n. （昆虫的）幼虫，幼体
分布：幼虫(85%)，幼体(15%)
→来自拉丁语larva,鬼魂，面具，词源同lares,家神。来自瑞典植物学家林奈的命名，因幼虫如成虫的面具而得名。
【记】larva一词指昆虫在变形前刚孵化出来的幼虫，来源于拉丁词larva，意为“邪恶的精灵，鬼怪，恶魔”。这个拉丁词语还用于指一种令人恐惧的面具，后来Larva在形容昆虫成熟之前被隐藏或遮盖的这一段时期的时候，成为一个适合的名称。读：拉味儿－昆虫拉出来的有味道的东西－幼虫。
US ['lɑ:r-] (plural larvae)
noun countable
■a form of an insect or an animal such as a frog that has left its egg but is not yet completely developed 幼体，幼虫
n. [水产] 幼体， [昆] 幼虫
 - nit, nympha

Word: raising
Front: raising
[ˈreɪzɪŋ] (9122/7057)
Back: n. 增加; 提高; 高岗; 高地
v. 引起（ raise的现在分词 ）; 养育; 提起; 唤起
分布：动词raise的现在分词.(34%)，增加的(33%)，举起的(33%)
VERB
举起；抬高
If you raise something, you move it so that it is in a higher position.
例：He raised his hand to wave...他举手挥动起来。
例：She went to the window and raised the blinds...她走到窗前，拉起了百叶窗。
VERB
升起，举起（旗帜）
If you raise a flag, you display it by moving it up a pole or into a high place where it can be seen.
例：They had raised the white flag in surrender...他们举白旗投降了。
例：At midnight, the German flag will be raised over the Reichstag.半夜时，德国国旗将在德国国会大厦升起。
VERB
起身；站立
If you raise yourself, you lift your body so that you are standing up straight, or so that you are no longer lying flat.
例：He raised himself into a sitting position...他坐了起来。
例：She raised herself on one elbow.她用一只胳膊肘撑起身体。
VERB
增加；提高
If you raise the rate or level of something, you increase it.
例：The Republic of Ireland is expected to raise interest rates...爱尔兰共和国预计会提高利率。
例：Two incidents in recent days have raised the level of concern.最近发生的两起事件引发了更多人的关注。
VERB
提高（水平）；改善
To raise the standard of something means to improve it.
例：...a new drive to raise standards of literacy in Britain's schools.提高英国学校文化水平的新运动
VERB
（常指因发怒而）提高（嗓门）
If you raise your voice, you speak more loudly, usually because you are angry.
例：Don't you raise your voice to me, Henry Rollins!...别冲我叫嚷，亨利·罗林斯！
例：Anne raised her voice in order to be heard.为了让人能听得见，安妮提高了嗓门。
N-COUNT
加薪；提薪
A raise is an increase in your wages or salary.
例：Within two months Kelly got a raise.不到两个月，凯利就获得了加薪。
VERB
（为慈善组织、机构等）募捐，筹（款）
If you raise money for a charity or an institution, you ask people for money which you collect on its behalf.
例：...events held to raise money for Help the Aged...为“帮助老年人”活动而发起的募捐活动
例：All funds raised will be used by Children With Leukaemia.所有募集到的资金都将用于“白血病患儿”组织。
VERB
筹集，筹措（资金）
If a person or company raises money that they need, they manage to get it, for example by selling their property or by borrowing.
例：They raised the money to buy the house and two hundred acres of grounds.他们筹钱来购买房屋及200英亩的土地。
VERB
引起;唤起;激起
If an event raises a particular emotion or question, it makes people feel the emotion or consider the question.
例：The agreement has raised hopes that the war may end soon...那项协议使人们感到战争有望很快结束。
例：The accident again raises questions about the safety of the plant.这起事故再一次引发了人们对于工厂安全性的质疑。
VERB
提起，提出（问题、反对等）
If you raise a subject, an objection, or a question, you mention it or bring it to someone's attention.
例：In the meeting Mrs. Ashrawi raised the three main concerns that the Palestinians had...会议上，阿什拉维夫人提出了巴勒斯坦人最为关注的三个问题。
例：He had been consulted and had raised no objections.事先征求了他的意见，他并没有提出异议。
VERB
养育；抚养
Someone who raises a child looks after it until it is grown up.
例：My mother was an amazing woman. She raised four of us kids virtually singlehandedly.我的母亲是位了不起的女性。她几乎是一个人把我们4个孩子带大的。
例：...the house where she was raised.她在其间长大的那幢房子
VERB
饲养；种植
If someone raises a particular type of animal or crop, they breed that type of animal or grow that type of crop.
例：He raises 2,000 acres of wheat and hay.他种植了2,000英亩的小麦和牧草。
例：...a perfectly cooked farm-raised chicken.精心烹制的农场养的鸡
n. 高地；提高；举；浮雕装饰
 - height, increase, altitude, elevation, rise
v. 饲养；升起；举起（raise的ing形式）
 - feeding, lifting

Word: blur
Front: blur
[blɜ:(r)] (研六雅宝 6364/7648 -2)
Vocabulary: blur
(once / 900 pages)
vn
To blur is to make or become unfocused and fuzzy. Crying hard can cause your vision to blur until you wipe your tears away.
Heavy smog or early morning fog can blur your view of the city, and two candidates' similar views can blur the differences between their political parties. In both cases, things become indistinct and hazy. You can also call the haze itself a blur: "The whole day was just a blur after the exciting news I got in the morning." In the 16th century, blur meant "smear on the surface of writing."
WORD FAMILY
blur: blurred, blurring, blurry, blurs+/blurred: blurredly/blurry: blurrily, blurriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The following days were a blur of interrogations.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A spectacular effort, and a scorpion kick, true to its – blurred – definition.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He sports dark stubble that blurs the chiselled jaw that matches his sportman’s physique.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 污迹，污斑; 模糊不清的事物; 暧昧不明
vt. & vi. 涂污，弄脏; （使）变模糊，（使）难以区分
时态：blurred, blurring, blurs
分布：模糊(91%)，污点(5%)，弄脏(3%)，使 ... 模糊(1%)
→词源同blear.
n.模糊不清的事物;污点vt.使模糊;玷污Her eyes blurred with tears.她的双眼模糊了.
【记】读：不乐。名誉被损坏了，当然高兴不起来了。Blur乐队的CD封面都是“模糊”的
【区】slur（v 含糊不清地说）读：死了，快死了当然说不清楚了。
US [blɝ:] noun only singular
■something that you cannot see clearly 模糊的东西
• If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur. 如果不戴眼镜，我看任何东西都是模糊的。
■something that you cannot remember or understand clearly 记不清的东西；理解不清楚的东西
• It all happened so long ago that it's just a blur to me now. 这件事发生在很久以前，我现在记不清了。
• The last few days seem to have gone by in a blur. 过去几天似乎是在恍恍惚惚中度过的。
UK [blɜ:r] US [blɝ:] verb intransitive or transitive (-rr-)
■to (make something or someone) become difficult to see clearly （使）变模糊
• As she drifted into sleep, the doctor's face began to blur and fade. 当她渐渐入睡时，医生的脸开始模糊，渐渐消失了。
■to make the difference between two things less clear, or to make it difficult to see the exact truth about something 使…的区别不明显；使难以了解…的真相
• This film blurs the line/distinction/boundary between reality and fantasy. 这部电影模糊了现实与幻想的界限。
vt. 涂污；使…模糊不清；使暗淡；玷污
 - cloud, pollute
vi. 沾上污迹；变模糊
 - fog
n. 污迹；模糊不清的事物
 - work-up

Word: rapper
Front: rapper
[ˈræpə(r)] (9125/27568 -1)
Vocabulary: rapper
(once / 4054 pages)
1n 2n
A rapper is a musician who drops rhymes to the beat. “Rapper’s Delight,” the first rap to hit the Top 40, starts with “…to the hip, hip hop, and you don't stop” and ends 15 minutes later.
The story is that the first rappers were MCs who talked between songs to entertain the crowd while the DJs changed records, then the MCs started talking with the beat, and then boom: rap was born. It came together as a music genre in the late 70s in New York City, but “rappers” didn’t suddenly pop up — rap emerged from African American traditions that had been around. The first rapper to sign to a major label was Kurtis Blow, in 1980.
WORD FAMILY
rapper: rappers+/ rap: rapped, rapper, rapping, raps
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke to the BBC about her upbringing in Croydon, the rappers she looks up to, and why she read the dictionary as a child.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That point of contention snared the Los Angeles rapper’s attention.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
A Wallingford police spokeswoman tells the Record Journal that officers responded to reports of shots fired outside the Oakdale Theatre after rapper Meek Mill performed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 叩击者; 敲门者; 说唱艺人
分布：说唱艺人(42%)，叩击者(35%)，敲门者(23%)
→来自 rap,说唱。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who performs rap music 说唱乐艺人

Word: cartridge
Front: cartridge
[ˈkɑ:trɪdʒ] (六 9132/8989 -1)
Back: n. 子弹，弹药筒; 笔芯，墨盒; 暗盒，胶卷盒; 录音带盒，唱头
分布：弹药筒(34%)，笔芯(31%)，胶卷盒(15%)，墨水筒(10%)，录音带盒(10%)
→来自法语cartouche，来自词根card, 卡片。因早期用卷起来的硬纸片装弹药而引申诸多词义。
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
■a small part with a particular purpose, used in a larger piece of equipment, which can be easily replaced with another similar part （设备中可替换的）芯，囊，管，筒
• an ink/printer/video game cartridge 墨水囊／印表机墨水匣（或色带盒）／游戏卡
■a small tube containing an explosive substance and a bullet for use in a gun 弹药筒；弹夹
n. 弹药筒，弹药；笔芯；一卷软片
 - ammo, ammunition

Word: heed
Front: heed
[hi:d] (托宝 9134/11168 -1)
Vocabulary: heed
(once / 202 pages)
nv
Heed is an old word, meaning to listen to and follow. It can also be used as a noun: "Take heed of my instructions, little boy," said the old bearded man. "My potion will only work for the one who wears the ring."
The most common use of heed is with warnings. The word derives from Old English hēdan and is related to the Dutch hoeden and German hüten––from Germanic cultures where fairy tales with mysterious warnings and magical consequences abound.
WORD FAMILY
heed: heeded, heedful, heeding, heedless, heeds+/heeded: unheeded/heedful: heedfully, heedfulness/heeding: unheeding/ heedless: heedlessest, heedlessly, heedlessness/heedlessness: heedlessnesses/unheeded: unheededly/unheeding: unheedingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But why should Trump now heed a political movement that was unable to stop him?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Amazingly, people move in an orderly fashion as they heed arrows that guide them up and down stairs and along sidewalks.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Experts, nevertheless, say the figures tell a story about people’s movement across state and city lines — what demographers call “domestic migration” — that is worth heeding.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 注意，留心
n. 留心，注意，听从
v. 嘻笑（ te-hee的过去式）
时态：heeded, heeding, heeds
分布：注意(70%)，留心(30%)
→来自kadh,躲避，保护，词源同hat,hood.引申词义注意，留心。
【记】把ee看成两个黑暗中注意的眼睛。
[hi:d] formal
verb transitive
■to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning 注意，听从（尤指建议或警告）
• The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines. 该航空公司因没有理会针对其日常安全工作不力所提出的建议／警告而受到批评。
[hi:d] formal
noun uncountable
■attention 注意，关注
• The company took no heed of (= did not consider) public opposition to the plans. 那家公司毫不在意大众对那些计划的反对。
vi. 注意，留心
 - take care of, mind you, be mindful of
vt. 注意，留心
 - watching, take care of, be mindful of, mind you

Word: allergic
Front: allergic
[əˈlɜ:dʒɪk] (高雅宝 9143/14426 -1)
Vocabulary: allergic
(once / 11691 pages)
adj
If you're allergic, your body has an exaggerated response to some substance, like cat dander or pollen, that makes you sneeze or get itchy. Many people are allergic to dust.
If you have an allergy to something, your immune system goes crazy when you come in contact with it: if this happens to you, you're allergic. You might be allergic to certain plants, and spend the spring with itchy eyes, for example, or sneeze every time you pet your best friend's dog. Allergic comes from allergy, from the German Allergie, which is rooted in the Greek word allos, "other, different, or strange."
WORD FAMILY
allergic: allergically+/ allergist: allergists/ allergy: allergic, allergies, allergist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two serious adverse events were reported after vaccination, with one participant spiking a fever and another suffering an allergic reaction.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Wang started developing his seafood alternatives because his daughter is allergic to shrimp.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Food and Drug Administration for its own epinephrine pre-filled syringe for treating allergic reactions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 过敏的; 过敏症的; 对…极讨厌的
分布：过敏的(95%)，反感的(5%)
US [-lɝ:-] adjective
[after verb]
■having an allergy 变应的；过敏的
• I'm allergic to cats. 我对猫过敏。
[before noun]
■caused by an allergy 变应性的；过敏引起的；过敏性的
• an allergic reaction 过敏性反应
■humorous
■having a strong dislike of something 对…极其反感的
• My dad's allergic to pop music. 我爸爸非常讨厌流行音乐。

Word: lurch
Front: lurch
[lɜ:tʃ] (托宝 9145/10501 -1)
Vocabulary: lurch
(once / 1269 pages)
1vn 2vn 3nv
To lurch is to suddenly move — usually forward. If you are on a ship that lurches a lot during a storm, you may find your body lurching in one direction and your stomach going in the opposite one.
The verb lurch can refer to any abrupt movement, but it often has the sense of a sharp turn up, down, or sideways. If you invest in the stock market, you have to be prepared for sudden losses and gains as the stock market can lurch up or down on a whim. The verb also means to make sudden jerking movements when walking, as if you cannot control your movements.
WORD FAMILY
lurch: lurched, lurcher, lurches, lurching+/lurcher: lurchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meryl Streep received an Oscar nomination for playing Suzanne Vale, an aspiring actress whose life lurched from emergency to emergency.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
This month its 31 million people lurched a big step closer to that breaking point, thanks to another senseless decree by its autocratic populist government.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
His hand jerked and the chopper lurched downward.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹒跚而行，颠簸着行进; 摇晃
n. 突然倾斜; 挫折
时态：lurched, lurching, lurches
分布：突然倾斜(80%)，举步蹒跚(12%)，蹒跚地走(8%)
→来自中古英语lurch,一种棋盘游戏，来自luren,等待，潜藏，埋伏，词源同lour,lurk.比较poke.lurch 倾斜，摇晃，蹒跚而行
【记】读：乐吃－一边乐一边吃一边走就会蹒跚而行
【反】progress smoothly（平滑前进）
US [lɝ:tʃ] verb
intransitive
■to move in a way that is not regular or normal, especially making sudden movements backwards or forwards or from side to side 摇晃，晃动；（尤指）突然倾斜
• The train lurched forward and some of the people standing fell over. 火车突然向前晃动了一下，一些站着的人跌倒了。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to act or continue in away that is uncontrolled and not regular, often with sudden changes 蹒跚，踉跄，磕磕绊绊
• We seem to lurch from crisis to crisis. 我们似乎总是跌跌撞撞，危机不断。
• She just lurches from one bad relationship to another. 她情路坎坷，一次次地失恋。
UK [lɜ:tʃ] US [lɝ:tʃ] noun countable
■a sudden movement or change that is not smooth or normal 突然的倾斜、摇晃或改变
• The truck gave a sudden lurch as it was hit by a strong gust of wind. 一阵强风袭来，货车突然摇晃了一下。
• The party's lurch (= sudden change) to the left will lose it a lot of support. 该党突然转向左派将会失去很多人的支持。
n. 突然倾斜；蹒跚；挫折
 - frustration, setback
vi. 倾斜；蹒跚
 - pitch, slope, lean
vt. 击败
 - defeat, down

Word: insulin
Front: insulin
[ˈɪnsjəlɪn] (托宝 9128/7482 -1)
Back: n. 胰岛素
分布：胰岛素(100%)
→因提取于人体胰脏内的的胰岛细胞分泌物而得名，主要用于糖尿病治疗。
胰岛素(insul+in表示"…素",如;penicillin青霉素)[insul=isand,表示"岛屿"]
US [-sə-] noun uncountable
■a hormone in the body which controls the amount of sugar in the blood 胰岛素
• She has to have insulin injections for her diabetes. 她因患有糖尿病必须注射胰岛素。
n. [生化] [药] 胰岛素
 - trypsin

Word: midday
Front: midday
[ˌmɪdˈdeɪ] (高四六 9129/7619 -K1)
Vocabulary: midday
(once / 1132 pages)
n
As a noun, the word midday refers to the middle of the day. You should avoid the sun at midday, especially if you have very fair skin.
The noun midday can particularly mean noon. You may prefer to have your heaviest meal midday. The opposite of midday in this case is, of course, midnight. Midday is a compound word combining mid and day. In Old English the term was middæg and German still has a similar word with Mittag. The word midday can also be used as an adjective for midday meal, midday sun.
WORD FAMILY
midday: middays+/ daily: dailies/ day: daily, days, midday /days: dayses
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are no immediate details on the midday blasts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Obama returns to Washington at midday Monday from Hawaii with less than three weeks remaining in his presidency.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Live music will also be a part of the events leading up to the big midday plunge into the surf.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 中午; 正午
adj. 正午的
分布：中午(65%)，正午(35%)
→mid-,在中间，day,白天。即中午。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■12 o'clock in the middle of the day 正午；中午
• I just have a sandwich at midday/for my midday meal. 我午餐只吃了一个三明治。
n. 中午；正午
 - midnoon, noon sharp
adj. 正午的
 - noonday

Word: one-year
Front: one-year
None None
Back: 一年
分布：1年(100%)

Word: comb
Front: comb
[kəʊm] (高研四六 7329/9845 -1)
Vocabulary: comb
(once / 543 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4v
A comb is a tool for smoothing your hair. You might pull a comb through your curls before you run out the door in the morning to catch your bus.
A comb is made of plastic or wood, with separate teeth that untangle strands of hair. When you use one, you comb: "I grabbed the comb so I could comb my cat before the photo shoot." Another way to comb is to rummage or search, the way you comb through your bag to find your car keys. The Old English root is camb, "crest" or "honeycomb," from a Germanic root that means "toothed object."
WORD FAMILY
comb: comb-like, combed, comber, combing, combs, uncombable+/combed: uncombed/comber: combers/combing: combings
USAGE EXAMPLES
True to his outsider form, President-elect Trump isn’t just combing through the ranks of the federal government alone to fill these posts.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
“Ten Questions For Fake News Detection” helps teachers and students comb through an article to find tell-tale signs of falsehood.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She is tall, thin, with dark hair combed off her angular face.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 梳子; 梳棉机; 鸡冠状的东西; 蜂窝状的东西
vt. 梳理; 彻底搜查
vi. 涌起，卷起
时态：combed, combing, combs
分布：梳子(53%)，梳理(37%)，鸡冠(7%)，蜂房(2%)，彻底搜寻(1%)
→来自gembh, 咬，齿，词源同gem, 齿状结晶体，宝石。
n.梳子v.梳(理)The comb is combined with a bomb in the tomb.梳子和坟墓里的炸弹结合在一起.
US [koʊm] noun countable
FOR HAIR 用于梳头发
 IMPROVER
■a flat piece of plastic, wood or metal with a thin row of long narrow parts along one side, which you use to tidy and arrange your hair 梳子
■a small comb-shaped object which women put in their hair to hold their hair away from their face or for decoration 梳状发卡；梳状发饰
UK [kəʊm] US [koʊm] noun countable
CHICKEN 鸡
■a soft red growth on a chicken's head; a cockscomb 鸡冠
UK [kəʊm] US [koʊm] verb transitive
TIDY HAIR 梳理头发
 ADVANCED
■to tidy your hair using a comb 梳，梳理
• She combed her hair and put on some lipstick. 她梳好头发，涂了点口红。
• I've been trying to comb out (= remove using a comb) the knots in her hair. 我一直想把她头发上的结梳开。
UK [kəʊm] US [koʊm] verb transitive
SEARCH 搜寻
■to search a place or an area very carefully in order to find something 认真搜寻；仔细搜查
• The police combed the whole area for evidence. 警方为了寻找证据搜遍了整个地区。
• Investigators combed through the wreckage. 调查人员在残骸中认真搜寻。
search, comb, seek
这组词都有“寻找”的意思，其区别是：
search: 侧重努力和彻底搜寻某人或某地。
comb: 指像梳头一样进行搜寻，侧重费力和彻底搜查。
seek: 书面用词，使用广。指付出很大努力去寻找某人或某物。
n. 梳子；蜂巢；鸡冠
 - crista galli, cockscomb
vi. （浪）涌起
 - upsurge

Word: barber
Front: barber
[ˈbɑ:bə(r)] (高研四托雅 9131/12564 -1)
Vocabulary: barber
(once / 2065 pages)
nv
A barber is a person whose job is cutting hair in a barbershop. Your barber might have a tendency to cut your hair a little shorter than you like.
When you visit a barbershop, you sit in a special chair while the barber cuts your hair with scissors or electric clippers. Men are the most common customers of a barber, although women can also get their hair cut by barbers. Barber comes from the Anglo-French word barbour, which is rooted in the Latin word for "beard," barb. Early barbers were certified not only to cut hair, but to perform surgery and dentistry as well.
WORD FAMILY
barber: barbered, barbering, barbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other barbers really got a laugh over it.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"It was more than hotels and restaurants. It listed different stores and churches, barber shops and beauty salons and mechanics."
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
In fact, that is something Raby said he’s always liked about the tradition of American barbering.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 理发师; 理发店(= barber's shop)
vt. 为…理发剃须; 修整
vi. 当理发师; 给人理发
时态：barbered, barbering, barbers
分布：理发师(91%)，当理发师(5%)，修剪(3%)，给…理发(1%)
→来自拉丁词barba, 胡子，严格意义上指刮胡子的师傅。
理发师(兼修理胡子)[bard=beard(胡子)]
n.理发师In the bar the barber bargained for a jar of jam, then got over the barrier of barrels.在酒巴里理发师为一罐果酱讲了价然后越过桶作的屏障.
US ['bɑ:r.bɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a man whose job is cutting men's hair 理发师
vt. 为…理发；修整
 - trim up, give shape to
n. 理发师
 - coiffeur, shaver

Word: unsafe
Front: unsafe
[ʌnˈseɪf] (高 9139/9721 -1)
Back: adj. 不安全的; 危险的; 不安稳的
分布：不安全的(83%)，危险的(15%)，靠不住的(2%)
adjective
IN DANGER 处于危险中
■not safe 不安全的，危险的
[ʌn'seɪf] adjective
LAW 法律 UK legal
■describes a decision that someone is guilty which can be appealed against (= considered again) in court （法庭判决）可上诉的
• an unsafe conviction/verdict 可上诉的定罪／判决
adj. [安全] 不安全的；危险的；不安稳的
 - dangerous, critical, risky

Word: last-minute
Front: last-minute
[lɑ:st 'mɪnɪt] None
Back: adj. 最后的，归根究底的
分布：最后一刻的(60%)，归根究底的(40%)
adj. 最后的，紧急关头的；归根究底的
 - finishing, eventual

Word: Indonesian
Front: Indonesian
[ˌindoʊˈniːʃən] (9138/10842)
Back: n. 印尼人；印尼语群；印度尼西亚语
adj. 印尼的
分布：印尼的(63%)，印尼人(32%)，印尼语群(5%)
noun countable adjective
■Indonesian 印度尼西亚人，印尼人／印度尼西亚的，印尼的

Word: scant
Front: scant
[skænt] (雅宝 9142/11291 -1)
Vocabulary: scant
(once / 959 pages)
adjv
Scant is an adjective that means "a tiny amount," like your scant attendance at practice this week that results in being benched from the big game.
Scant is also a verb, that means "to supply sparingly" — don't scant with the brownies, or I will keep asking for more. Scant also means "to deal with inadequately or carelessly." When you scant the reports on homelessness, they are so superficial on data that they don't reflect the real problem. Scant comes from the Old Norse word skamt, meaning "short, brief."
WORD FAMILY
scant: scanted, scanter, scantest, scanting, scantly, scantness, scants
USAGE EXAMPLES
When we get into specific treatments, the evidence is even more scant.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fernyhough does not spend much time on these criticisms, though in a footnote he does concede the scant evidentiary basis of the movement’s claims.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
As such, there are only scant, functional references to Christmas in The Return of Doctor Mysterio.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不足的; 缺乏的; 将近的; 吝啬的
vt. 限制; 节省; 吝惜
时态：scanted, scanting, scants
分布：不足的(47%)，限制(17%)，不充分的(14%)，减缩(11%)，忽略(11%)
→来自古诺斯语 skamt,短的，来自 Proto-Germanic*skamma-,短的，可能来自 sek,砍，切， 词源同 short,segment.引申词义微小的，不足的。
adjective [before noun]
■very little and not enough 少量的；不足的；贫乏的
• He pays scant attention to the needs of his children. 他很少关心自己孩子的需求。
• scant regard for the truth 不顾事实
■* almost
• Add a scant half litre (= almost half a litre) of milk to the mixture and stir well. 把接近半升（差不多半升）的牛奶加进混合的食材中搅拌均匀。
adj. 不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的
 - insufficient, short, deficient, lacking, scarce
vt. 减少；节省；限制
 - block, shorten

Word: rocker
Front: rocker
[ˈrɒkə(r)] (9154/15403 -1)
Vocabulary: rocker
(once / 3132 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A rocker is a chair that can move gently forward and backward, or a rocker is someone who appreciates rock and roll music. You could be a rocker who rocks your rocker to the beat of Guns N' Roses. Rock on!
You can also call a rocker a rocking chair. When a person is a rocker, they might be "someone who rocks in a rocking chair," but it's more likely that they're in a rock and roll band. Some rockers don't perform rock music, but they love it: "My dad was a total punk rocker back in the 80s." The chair meaning is from 18803 American English, while the rock and roll meaning originated in the 1960s.
WORD FAMILY
rocker: rockers+/ rock: rocked, rocker, rockery, rocking, rocklike, rocks, rocky /rockery: rockeries/ rocky: rockier, rockiest, rockily, rockiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Increase lighting and replace toggle switches with either a dimmer or a rocker switch.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It explains both his long-term, for-all-ages vocal approach and why he was never a punk rocker.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
An MP revealed the veteran rockers were foregoing payment during a House of Commons debate.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 摇杆，摇轴; 摇椅，摇木马; 摇滚乐歌曲，摇滚歌手; 弯底冰鞋
分布：套钩(34%)，镰刀弯(33%)，摇轴(33%)
→来自 rock,摇滚乐，-er,人。
US ['rɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
CHAIR 椅
■one of the two curved pieces of wood under a rocking chair that allow it to move backwards and forwards （摇椅的）弧形弯脚
■a rocking chair 摇椅
UK ['rɒk.ər] US ['rɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
■a singer of rock music 摇滚歌手
• an ageing rocker 上年度的摇滚歌星
■US
■a rock song or a person who really likes rock music 摇滚歌曲；摇滚乐迷
■old-fashioned
■a young person, especially in Britain in the 1950s, who wore leather clothes, rode a motorcycle and listened to rock and roll music （尤指英国20世纪50年代穿皮衣、骑摩托车、听摇滚乐的）摇滚青年
UK ['rɒk.ər] US ['rɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
off your rocker informal
■If you say that someone is off their rocker, you mean that they are behaving in a very strange or silly way. 发疯；做傻事
n. [机] 摇杆；摇的人；镰刀弯；套钩；摇轴
 - rocking lever, locking lever

Word: liken
Front: liken
[ˈlaɪkən] (宝 9141/11367 -1)
Vocabulary: liken
(once / 1590 pages)
v
When you liken one thing to another, you compare them and point out what they have in common. You might liken your long walk to school to your ancestors' voyage across the ocean to the New World.
When you equate two things, or emphasize their similarities, you liken them. You could liken your experience at the dentist to torture, or liken your dad's skill at baking pies to that of Rembrandt painting a portrait. Your grandmother might liken her romance with your grandfather to a fairy tale, and you could then liken the day you spent listening to her stories to watching a long, dull movie.
WORD FAMILY
liken: likened, likening, likens+/likening: likenings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school calls the gym the Lions’ Den, but many visitors call it the Dungeon and liken playing there to playing hockey inside a box.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One visitor likened it to a 1970s scout hut.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He likens it to maple syrup, where you tap a maple tree and collect sap.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 比拟; 把…比作
时态：likened, likening, likens
分布：比作(77%)，比拟(17%)，使像(6%)
→like,相似，-en,使。引申词义比做，比喻。
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] liken sb/sth to sb/sth
■to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else 认为…与…相像
• She's been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor. 人们说她很像年轻时的伊丽莎白‧泰勒。
vt. 比拟；把…比作
 - assimilate

Word: gamble
Front: gamble
[ˈgæmbl] (研六雅宝 9148/11190 -K3)
Vocabulary: gamble
(once / 290 pages)
vn
When you gamble, you take a risky chance on something. When an entrepreneur invests her own money in her business, she gambles on its success.
If you approach a stray dog, you gamble on its friendliness, and if you turn down a high-paying job to take a more interesting position, you gamble on it eventually paying off. Another way to gamble is to buy a lottery ticket or place a bet on a poker hand: when you gamble like this, you play a game of chance, risking some amount of money. Gamble is from Old English gammlen, "to play, jest, or be merry."
WORD FAMILY
gamble: gambled, gambler, gambles, gambling+/ gambler: ex-gambler, gamblers/gambling: gamblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But voters brutally punished Mr Clegg for his gamble.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The move would be a legal gamble under the high court’s last ruling in 2014 on recess appointments.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, it is both a gamble and a relatively straightforward motivational tactic – the question now is whether it will work.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 赌博; 投机，冒风险; 孤注一掷; 打赌
vt. 赌博，下赌注; 使冒风险
n. 赌博或其他投机; 冒险
时态：gambled, gambling, gambles
分布：赌博(69%)，冒险(25%)，孤注一掷(6%)
→来自game, 游戏，打赌。
n./v.投机,冒险;赌博He has gambled away all his wealth.他赌博输掉了全部财产.
【记】game，ball：联想体育彩票，有很多ball的game，实际上是一种赌博。
【参】gambler（n 赌博的人；赌徒）
noun countable usually singular
■a risk that might result in loss of money or failure 冒险；赌博；无把握的事情
• Her publishers knew they were taking a gamble when they agreed to publish such an unusual novel. 她的出版商知道，同意出版这样一部标新立异的小说是一种冒险。
• It was a gamble using such an inexperienced director, but it paid off (= was successful). 任用这样一位没有经验的导演确实是一种赌博，但结果大获成功。
['gæm.bl] verb
intransitive
■to do something risky that might result in loss of money or failure, hoping to get money or achieve success 投机；冒险
• Anyone who gambles on the stock exchange has to be prepared to lose money. 任何进行股票投机的人都必须要做好赔钱的准备。
intransitive or transitive
■to risk money, for example in a game or on a horse race 赌博，打赌
• I like to gamble when I play cards - it makes it more interesting. 我玩牌喜欢赌钱——这更有趣些。
• He gambles on the horses (= horse races). 他赌马。
• He gambled away all of our savings. 他把我们所有的积蓄都赌了个清光。
['gæm.bl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gamble on sth
■to take a risk that something will happen 冒…的风险；碰…的运气
• You're rather gambling on it being a nice day by holding the party in the garden, aren't you? 在花园里开露天聚会，那你把宝全押在肯定是个好天气上了，是不是？
gamble, bet
这组词都有“打赌，赌博”的意思，其区别是：
gamble: 多指投机，为获得某物或牟利而冒大险，含孤注一掷意味。
bet: 指竞赛中的打赌，也指双方对有疑惑之事争执不下的打赌。在口语中，bet作“确信，敢说”解。
vi. 赌博；孤注一掷；投机；打赌
 - game, venture, lay
vt. 赌博；孤注一掷；冒险假设
 - put all one's eggs in one basket, shoot the works
n. 赌博；冒险；打赌
 - risk, throw, gaming, venture, adventure

Word: licensed
Front: licensed
[ˈlaɪsnst] (9144/7115 -1)
Vocabulary: licensed
(once / 1558 pages)
adj
If you're licensed, you have official approval to do something, like drive, fly a plane, or be a physical-therapist assistant.
Lots of people need to be licensed before they can do their jobs: doctors, dentists, chiropractors, and even hairdressers have licenses. You have to be a licensed driver to get behind the wheel, and only a licensed pilot can fly a plane. However, there is no license required to have a child; therefore, you won't easily find a licensed parent.
WORD FAMILY
licensed: unlicensed +/ license: licensed, licenser, licenses, licensing/licenser: licensers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The survey was conducted among 338 randomly selected licensed tobacco outlets.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A third or more of the 404 licensed D.C. food trucks just put their mobile business in park for the season, Hlemi said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Her pop-up wedding company, Flora Pop, employs a trailer she built with all the fixings for actual weddings, and she is licensed to officiate.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 得到许可的
v. 许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词)
分布：得到许可的(87%)，动词license的过去式和过去分词形式.(13%)
→来自license,许可证。
ADJ
得到许可的；领有执照的
If you are licensed to do something, you have official permission from the government or from the authorities to do it.
例：There were about 250 people on board, about 100 more than the ferry was licensed to carry.渡船上大约有250名乘客，超出了核定载客量约100名。
例：...a licensed doctor.领有执照的医生
ADJ
获准拥有（或使用）的
If something that you own or use is licensed, you have official permission to own it or use it.
例：While searching the house they discovered an unlicensed shotgun and a licensed rifle.搜查房子时，他们找到了一把无牌猎枪和一把有牌步枪。
ADJ
领有售酒执照的；特许销售酒类的
If a place such as a restaurant or hotel is licensed, it has been given a licence to sell alcoholic drinks.
例：...licensed premises...领有售酒执照的经营场所
例：The restaurant is licensed, offering draught beers, wines, spirits and soft drinks.这家餐馆有酒类经营执照，提供扎啤、葡萄酒、烈性酒和汽水。
v. 许可；批准（license的过去分词）
 - confirmed, authorized

Word: console
Front: console
[kən'səʊl] (研六托雅宝 9160/11790 -2)
Vocabulary: console
(once / 198 pages)
1v 2n 3n 4n 5n
Perhaps you avoid babysitting your baby brother because you're worried that if he starts to cry, you won’t be able to console him or make him feel better. Or maybe you just hate changing diapers.
You usually try to console someone by providing encouragement and offering solace. Others try to console themselves with tubs of ice cream. From the Latin word consolari, meaning “to comfort,” the noun console can also describe a central control panel. In an automobile, the controls for both the radio and air-conditioning are in the same center console.
WORD FAMILY
console: consolable, consolation, consolatory, consoled, consoles, consoling+/consolable: inconsolable, unconsolable/ consolation: consolations/consolatory: consolatorily/consoling: consolingly/ inconsolable: inconsolably/unconsolable: unconsolably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Understandably he was heartbroken as friends and family in the crowd tried to console him.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Fisher consoled the widow and soon announced he was leaving his wife and two children to marry Taylor.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
“He just needs a holiday. He said he apologised,” consoled Fox.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 安慰，慰问
n. 控制台，操纵台; 演奏台; 悬臂; 肘托
时态：consoled, consoling, consoles
分布：安慰(71%)，仪表盘(11%)，慰藉(8%)，落地式支座(5%)，操控台(5%)
→con-, 强调。-sol, 安慰，安抚，词源同solace,hilarious.console 控制台，仪表板
安慰(con+sole安慰→一起安慰)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
安慰(con共同＋sole→共同的太阳→安慰)[Sol=sun,表示"太阳"]
n.控制台,仪表板;落地柜vt.安慰,慰问She consoled him softly.她以温柔的话语安慰他.
【记】con共同，solo（n 独奏曲；adj 单独的）－大家都很孤单（尤其是去了美国的小男生们），唉！同病相怜，只好互相安慰了
【参】solitude（n 孤独）；consolation（n 安慰；起安慰作用的人或事）
【反】aggravate grief（加重悲伤）
US [-ˈsoʊl/
■to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy 安慰，安抚，抚慰，慰藉
• He tried to console her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault. 他尽力安慰她，可是她不停地说那都是她自己的错。
• I tried to console her with a box of chocolates. 我竭力想用一盒巧克力来抚慰她。
• I was consoling Liz on having broken up with her boyfriend. 莉兹跟男友分手了，我在安慰她。
noun countable UK [ˈkɒn.səʊl] US [-soʊl/
■a surface on which you find the controls for a piece of electrical equipment or a machine （电子设备或机器的）操纵台，控制台，仪表板
• a computer console 电脑控制台
relieve, console, soothe, comfort, ease
这组词都有“给人以帮助以减轻痛苦或悲伤”的意思，其区别是：
relieve: 指解除或缓解某人的病痛、担心或忧虑等，常用被动态。
console: 较正式用词，侧重缓和或减轻别人的痛苦或悲伤。
soothe: 着重以安慰减轻悲痛、愤怒或激动，使人理智地平静下来。也可指药物等减轻病痛。
comfort: 普通用词，指用语言或行动对痛苦者给予鼓励、勇气和力量，从而减轻其痛苦或悲伤，得到安慰。
ease: 正式用词，指减轻身心的痛苦、不安和忧虑。
n. [计] 控制台； [电] 操纵台
 - Prefs, operation desk
vt. 安慰；慰藉
 - comfort, quiet

Word: Arabic
Front: Arabic
['ærəbɪk] (高 9158/12421)
Back: n. 阿拉伯语
adj. 阿拉伯的；阿拉伯人的
分布：阿拉伯语(63%)，阿拉伯人的(23%)，阿拉伯语的(7%)，阿拉伯式的(7%)
US ['er-] noun uncountable
■the language of the people of the Middle East and North Africa 阿拉伯语
• There are many regional types of Arabic. 阿拉伯语有很多地区方言。

Word: adjacent
Front: adjacent
[əˈdʒeɪsnt] (研六托雅宝 6649/5391 -1)
Vocabulary: adjacent
(once / 732 pages)
adj
Adjacent means close to or near something. You may consider the people up and down your street to be neighbors, but your next-door neighbor is the person who lives in the house or apartment adjacent to yours.
Adjacent can refer to two things that touch each other or have the same wall or border. And the adjective is often followed by the preposition to: Her office is adjacent to mine. This word is from Latin adjacere "to lie near," from the prefix ad- "to" plus jacere "to lie, throw."
WORD FAMILY
adjacent: adjacency, adjacently, nonadjacent+/adjacency: adjacencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The parking lots adjacent to the Rose Bowl open at 4 a.m.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This year, the excavation of an adjacent settlement preserved in the river silts threw open another window on to life in Bronze Age Britain.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 邻近的，毗邻的; （时间上）紧接着的; 相邻
分布：邻近的(65%)，毗连的(24%)，接近的(11%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根jac, 扔，同project. 扔在旁边的， 相邻的。
邻近的(ad+jacent躺→躺在一起→邻近的)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
邻近的,毗连的[jac=lie(躺)]
a.(to)(时间上)紧接着的;邻近的,毗邻的The suicides in adjacent area are incidental coincidence.邻近区域内的自杀是偶然巧合.
【记】ad朝向，jacent躺，临近－在附近－接近的；adj＝adj 形容词是连词－毗连的
[ə'dʒeɪ.sənt] formal
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very near, next to, or touching 邻近的；毗连的
• They work in adjacent buildings. 他们在相邻的两座楼里工作。
• They lived in a house adjacent to the railway. 他们家住在铁路旁边。
adj. 邻近的，毗连的
 - nearby, neighbor

Word: reaffirm
Front: reaffirm
[ˌri:əˈfɜ:m] (9162/9908 -1)
Vocabulary: reaffirm
(once / 3720 pages)
v
To reaffirm is to make a renewed commitment to something, usually verbally.
If you affirm something, you are saying "I believe in this!" So reaffirming repeats your belief, making it clear that you still feel that way. Politicians reaffirm their beliefs when they repeat a promise people may have forgotten or had cause to doubt. When a married couple renews their vows, they're reaffirming their love for each other.
WORD FAMILY
reaffirm: reaffirmation, reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms+/ affirm: affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, affirmer, affirming, affirms, reaffirm / affirmation: affirmations, disaffirmation/ affirmative: affirmatively, affirmativeness, affirmatives/affirmer: affirmers/reaffirmation: reaffirmations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The statement reaffirmed Washington’s “ironclad commitment” to defend its allies, using “the full spectrum of US extended deterrence capabilities.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“We wanted the international community to reaffirm the two-state solution.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
In public remarks afterward, Obama and Abe reaffirmed the U.S.-Japan alliance, calling it the bedrock of security and prosperity in Asia.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 重申; 再肯定
时态：reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms
分布：重申(89%)，再确认(11%)
→re-,再，重新，affirm,确认。
【记】re反复，affirm（v 断言；确认）
【反】abnegate（v 放弃，否认）
US [-'fɝ:m] verb transitive
■to give your support to a person, plan, idea, etc. for a second time; to strengthen 重申，再次声明；加强
• The government yesterday reaffirmed its commitment to the current peace process. 政府昨天重申了对目前和平进程的承诺。
• These events reaffirm my belief in the need for better information. 这些事情使我坚信，我们需要更加准确有效的资讯。
vt. 再肯定，重申；再断言
 - reiterate, ingeminate

Word: flea
Front: flea
[fli:] (托 9159/11955 -1)
Vocabulary: flea
(once / 1793 pages)
n
A flea is a tiny biting insect that's especially common on dogs. If you find one flea in your dog's fur, there may be hundreds more hiding in there.
Fleas live by sucking blood from a host — they're parasites. You can just barely see a flea with the naked eye, and when you do spot one it may be hopping, since they're known to jump, sometimes from one animal to another. Flea bites are itchy, and fleas can be tricky to get rid of once they've laid eggs on your dog (or in your bed). Some experts think the word's root s the Old English fleon, "to flee."
WORD FAMILY
flea: fleas
USAGE EXAMPLES
People wouldn’t be baiting him into racial arguments at the flea market.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
“Some people get my place confused with the Indian Village flea market,” Chapman said.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
My most cherished piece of clothing is: a 1940s Lanvin black wool coat that my grandmother bought for me in a flea market in Paris.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 跳蚤，蚤目的昆虫; 生蚤的动物
分布：跳蚤(100%)
→可能来自pleu, 飞，词源同fly.
noun countable
■a very small jumping insect which feeds on the blood of animals and humans 蚤，跳蚤
[fli:] noun countable
send sb away with a flea in their ear UK informal
■to angrily tell someone to go away 生气地让（某人）离开
• A young kid came asking for money but I sent him away with a flea in his ear. 一个小孩来要钱，但是我气冲冲地把他轰走了。
n. [昆] 跳蚤；低廉的旅馆；生蚤的动物
 - Siphonaptera

Word: brisk
Front: brisk
[brɪsk] (研四六托雅宝 9149/8623 -2)
Vocabulary: brisk
(once / 365 pages)
adjv
Brisk is one of those delightful words that sounds like what it means: quick, lively, bracing, and refreshing. There's nothing like a brisk walk in the morning to get the blood flowing and the spirit ready for the day.
Anything brisk is happening quickly but not too fast. Probably taken from the French brusque, which also means "quick," but in a more negative way, brisk can be used to describe not only physical actions but also more conceptual notions, such as brisk business around the holidays or brisk interactions at a speed-dating event. The soft-drink called Brisk must be called that for a good reason. Perhaps it picks you up!
WORD FAMILY
brisk: brisked, brisken, brisker, briskest, brisking, briskly, briskness, brisks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few other drummers were as integral to the development of fusion as Mr. Mouzon, who combined volcanic intensity with a brisk attunement to dynamic flow.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
"The brisk upswing in mortgage rates and not enough inventory dispirited some would-be buyers," the NAR said in a statement accompanying the figures.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Here, seven that offer everything from brisk efficiency tips to profound discussions that will help you grapple with life’s bigger questions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 快的; 轻快的; 爽快而清新的; 兴隆的
vi. 活跃起来; 变得轻快
vt. 使…活泼; 使…轻快
级别：brisker, briskest
分布：轻快的(44%)，活跃的(24%)，活泼的(19%)，凛冽的(7%)，敏锐的(6%)
→词源不详。可能同broom, 扫帚。比较brusque，扫帚，词义贬化，不分青分皂白的，唐突的。此处词义褒化，横扫千钧的，敏捷的。
a.轻快的;生气勃勃的;兴隆的The market brisked up.市场兴旺起来.
【记】读：不risk。不冒险就难受－充满生机的和有活力的
【反】ponderous（adj 沉重的）
adjective
■quick, energetic and active 轻快的，生气勃勃的
• a brisk walk 轻快的步伐
• He set a brisk pace and we struggled to keep up. 他步伐矫健，我们在后面拼命跟着。
• Her tone on the telephone was brisk (= she spoke quickly and used few words) and businesslike. 电话里她的语气简洁干练。
active, energetic, vigorous, brisk, lively
这些形容词均有“积极的，活跃的”之意。
active: 指有活动能力，强调与消极或休止相反的积极活动状态。
energetic: 提精力充沛、奋力从事某事业。
vigorous: 指不仅表现积极、有生气，而且固有精力和活力十分旺盛。
brisk: 指动作敏捷、充满活力、轻快活泼地从事某项工作或活动。
lively: 侧重支轮船快，机智，有生气。
adj. 敏锐的，活泼的，轻快的；凛冽的
 - alive, acute, keen, lively, activated
vi. 活跃起来；变得轻快
 - come alive, out of one's shell

Word: heave
Front: heave
[hi:v] (研六托雅宝 9170/6714 -1)
Vocabulary: heave
(once / 329 pages)
1vn 2vn 3vn 4v
When you heave something, you haul or lift a heavy object. You might not realize how fat your cat has become until you have to heave him out of the way to make room for yourself on the sofa.
You heave a heavy object when you lift it, like when you heave piles of wet snow out of your driveway with a shovel, and you can heave yourself out of bed in the morning, if it takes a huge effort to get yourself into a vertical position. You can even heave a heavy sigh, which simply means you sigh loudly. To vomit is also sometimes described as heaving, describing the unpleasant effort of your stomach muscles.
WORD FAMILY
heave: heaved, heaver, heaves, heaving, hove+/heaver: heavers/heaving: heavings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A blitzing Foster pressured Browning into the desperation heave that Anderson swiped for a 17-7 halftime lead.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With blitzing linebacker Reuben Foster bearing down on him, Browning desperately heaved a pass into the flats for Lavon Coleman.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Van Hove’s troupe translated the quest for political domination into a universal language as timeless as it was modern.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 举起; 投掷; 使起伏; 呕吐
vt. & vi. 喘息; 呕吐
vi. 起伏; （山丘等）隆起; 拖; 气喘
n. 举起; 波动; 隆起; 呕吐
时态：heaved, heaving, heaves
分布：起伏(28%)，举(19%)，扔(14%)，抛(11%)，用力举起(10%)，恶心(10%)，抛出(8%)
→来自古英语hebban,举起，提起，词源同heavy.
v.(用力)举,提,拉;扔;拖;呕吐n.举起Somebody heaved a stone at us.有人朝我们投掷石块.
【记】大力士能够heave那个heaven（n 天；天堂）
verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to move something heavy using a lot of effort 拉，推，举起，移动（重物）
• He heaved the bag onto his shoulder 他把袋子扛上肩膀。
• He cleared a space, heaving boxes out of the way. 他搬开箱子挪出一处空间。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to throw something forcefully, especially something large and heavy 扔，投掷（尤指笨重物）
• She picked up a great book and heaved it at him. 她拿起一本大书就朝他扔过去。
intransitive
■If something heaves, it makes one or more large movements up and down 上下起伏
• As the wind increased, the deck of the ship began to heave beneath his feet. 随着风力增大，轮船甲板开始在他脚下颠簸起来。
[hi:v] verb
VOMIT 呕吐
intransitive
■to feel as if you are going to vomit 恶心，想吐
• The smell of the fish made me/my stomach heave. 鱼的味道让我一阵恶心。
[hi:v] verb
heave a sigh of relief
■to suddenly feel very happy because something unpleasant has not happened or has ended 松一口气
• We both heaved a sigh of relief when she left. 她离开后我们俩都松了一口气。
[hi:v] noun countable
■when you throw, push or pull something with a lot of effort 投掷；推；拉
• They gave a great heave and rolled the boulder out of the way. 他们一起用力将大石头推到路旁。
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
elevate, raise, hoist, heave, lift, boost
这组词都有“升起，举起”的意思，其区别是：
elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。
raise: 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。
hoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。
heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。
lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。
boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
vt. 举起；使起伏；投掷；恶心；发出（叹息等）
 - lift up, hold up
vi. 起伏；举起；喘息；呕吐
 - wave, roll
n. 举起；起伏；投掷；一阵呕吐
 - up with, putting, fluctuation, cast, lift

Word: solemn
Front: solemn
[ˈsɒləm] (研四六托雅宝 9168/8599 -2)
Vocabulary: solemn
(once / 98 pages)
adj
If you’ve ever attended a funeral, you were probably struck by how quiet, earnest, and solemn the mood was. You can use the word solemn to describe anything that's really serious and dignified.
The adjective solemn comes from the Latin sollemnis, which means formal or ceremonial. You can still use it to describe a ceremony or event, but it's also a good word for talking about someone who's serious and sincere and maybe lacks a sense of humor about certain things. Here's a trick for remembering it: Think of a "sole man," a serious guy standing alone at a party talking to no one.
WORD FAMILY
solemn: solemner, solemness, solemnest, solemnise, solemnity, solemnize, solemnly +/solemnisation: solemnisations/solemnise: solemnisation, solemnised, solemnising/ solemnity: solemnities/solemnization: solemnizations/ solemnize: solemnization, solemnized, solemnizes, solemnizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
His sense of humor is disarming, as he pivots from comical to solemn in a split-second.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
His expression was solemn as I walked toward him, expecting at the very least an unconvincing performance of contrition.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
I am not much for solemn reflection, and discourage seriousness in almost any form.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 庄严的，严肃的; 庄重的; 隆重的，神圣的; 犹豫的，阴沉的
分布：庄严的(55%)，严肃的(29%)，隆重的(16%)
→来自拉丁语 solemnis/sollemnis,仪式的，宗教节日的，一年一度的，来自 sollennis,年度的， 固定的，来自 sollus,整个的，完整的，词源同 solid,-enn,年，词源同 annual,biennial.引申词义 庄严的，郑重的，严肃的等。
a.庄严的,隆重的;严肃的The man who broke the sole solid lid is solemnly condemned.打破这个仅有的实心盖子的人受到庄严谴责.
US ['sɑ:.ləm] adjective
■serious and without any humour 庄严的，严肃的
• a solemn face/voice 严肃的脸／声音
• solemn music 严肃音乐
• Everyone looked very solemn. 大家看起来都很严肃。
solemn promise/commitment/undertaking, etc.
■an agreement which you make in a serious way and expect to keep 郑重承诺
solemn, sober, earnest, grave, severe, serious
这组词都有“严肃的”的意思，其区别是：
solemn: 指人表情或场景气氛严肃，侧重威严名印象深刻。
sober: 侧重因控制或抑制自己的感情而表现出的庄重。
earnest: 指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。
grave: 侧重严肃和尊严，需要认真思考，含令人担忧意味。
severe: 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。
serious: 指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。
adj. 庄严的，严肃的；隆重的，郑重的
 - serious, sacred, majestic, grave

Word: scar
Front: scar
[skɑ:(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 5026/7022 -2)
Vocabulary: scar
(once / 554 pages)
nv
A scar is a place where a wound healed but is still visible, or if you're little, it's a mark where a boo-boo was.
Scar is from the Greek word eskhara, a "scab formed after a burn." Sexy! It's all that and more. Scar can be a noun or a verb — you can have a scar on your knee after your skateboarding incident, and a bad round of chicken pox can scar you. Something scary can scar, you, too, like a horror movie or catching your parents in the act. Scars can be emotional. Take one letter off scare and you're left with a scar.
WORD FAMILY
scar: scarify, scarred, scarring, scars+/scarify: scarified, scarifies, scarifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
She hides her scars and walks as if nothing happened.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“There was so much scar tissue and damage, though, that that was unsuccessful.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Jacobs also thought of something else, something that should resonate across a town whose sports seasons are measured by scabs and scars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 伤痕; 精神上的创伤; 有损外观的地方; 砏岩，露岩，断崖，峭壁
vt. 使留下伤痕; 使留下长久性伤害的痕迹
vi. 结疤; 留下疤痕
时态：scarred, scarring, scars
分布：疤痕(73%)，伤痕(14%)，结疤(6%)，痊愈(4%)，断崖(3%)
→来自中古英语 skar,切口，裂缝，来自 Proto-Germanic*skardaz,切口，来自 sker,砍，切， 词源同 shear,score.引申词义伤痛，伤痕。
n.疤,疤痕;创伤v.使留下伤痕,创伤The careful man is scarcely scared by the scarce parcel.细心男子勉强被罕见的包裹吓了一下.
US [skɑ:r] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a mark left on part of the body after an injury, such as a cut, has healed 疤，伤疤，伤痕
• a prominent/noticeable/ugly scar 明显的／显眼的／丑陋的伤疤
• That burn will leave a nasty scar. 烫伤会留下严重的伤疤。
• scar tissue 瘢痕组织
Compare scab a sign of damage to a person's mental state 精神创伤
• His early years in the refugee camp left a deep psychological scar. 早年的难民营生活给他留下深深的心理创伤。
■a sign of physical destruction in a place 外观的破坏
• Every village bears the scars of war. 每一个村庄都布满了战争留下的疮痍。
UK [skɑ:r] US [skɑ:r] verb transitive often passive (-rr-)
■to have or leave a scar 结疤；留下伤疤
• He was scarred as a result of the fire. 那场大火给他留下伤疤。
• figurative His experiences in the army left him scarred for life (= had a serious mental effect on him for the rest of his life). 他的军旅生涯给他留下了终身的心灵创伤。
bruise, scar, cut, wound
这组词都有“伤口，损伤”的意思，其区别是：
bruise: 指表皮下面的组织受损，但没有破裂。但由于血流进组织，因而出现紫块。普通用词。
scar: 主要指伤口愈合而留下的伤疤。
cut: 指因尖利的器械的刺或割而造成的或深或浅的伤口。
wound: 通常指尖锐锋利的工具所致的伤口，多深及到表皮组织以下。可用作引申指打击或伤害。
vt. 伤害；给留下伤痕
 - knife, injure
vi. 结疤；痊愈
 - cure, heal up
n. 创伤；伤痕
 - wound, trauma

Word: jumper
Front: jumper
[ˈdʒʌmpə(r)] (9166/7204 -2)
Back: n. 跳高运动员，跳跃者; 无袖套衫，针织套衫; [电]跳线，跨接线; 经过训练能跳越障碍的马
分布：跳高运动员(42%)，跳跃者(19%)，无袖连衣裙(14%)，套头衫(12%)，连衫裤童装(6%)，雪橇(4%)，工作夹克(3%)
→可能来自jump,跳。引申词义有弹性的，比喻用法。
US [-pɚ] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
 ADVANCED UK (US sweater)
■a piece of clothing made from wool which covers the upper part of the body and the arms, and which does not open at the front （羊毛）套头衫
• a red woolly jumper 红色羊毛套衫
 ADVANCED US
■a dress which does not cover the arms and is usually worn over another piece of clothing which does cover the arms （穿在衬衣外的）无袖连身裙
UK ['dʒʌm.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
IN THE AIR 空中
■a person or animal that jumps 跳跃者；做跳跃动作的人（或动物）
n. 跳高运动员；跳跃者；工作服；妇女穿的套头外衣
 - leaper, workwear

Word: glaze
Front: glaze
[gleɪz] (托宝 9176/13775 -1)
Vocabulary: glaze
(once / 936 pages)
nv
The glaze on a doughnut is the thin sweet coating that makes your fingers sticky. The glaze on a coffee table is the shiny coating that makes it glossy. The glaze on your friend's eyes as you talk is a sign that maybe you're boring her.
Like glass, a glaze is a shiny clear substance so it's no surprise that they both come from the same root word glas. Objects that have a glaze on them include ceramic pots and doughnuts. If you glaze over something, you're covering it with a thin clear substance that makes it look polished. If someone says your eyes are starting to glaze over, snap out of it and look alive.
WORD FAMILY
glaze: deglaze, glazed, glazer, glazes, glazier, glazing+/deglaze: deglazing/ glazed: glazedly, unglazed/glazer: glazers/glazier: glaziers
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you do, her eyes will glaze over and you won’t get anywhere.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
The part you need is called a glazing bead.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
But there’s one aspect of holiday ham, in all its retro glory, that I do miss: that sticky-sweet glaze.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 装玻璃; 上釉于; 上光
vi. （目光）变得呆滞无神; 变得光滑
n. 上釉的表面; 釉料; 光滑面; （浇在糕点上增加光泽的）蛋浆
时态：glazed, glazing, glazes
分布：釉(88%)，上釉(6%)，变呆滞(3%)，装以玻璃(1%)，变得光滑(1%)，覆罩的一层(1%)
→词源同glass, 玻璃。字母s,z音变。
【记】源于glaze＝glass玻璃，一层透明的物质－釉
【反】rumple（v 弄皱）
verb
GLASS 玻璃
transitive
■to put a piece of glass into a window or the windows of a building 装玻璃于；给（窗户）装玻璃
• The house is nearly finished but it hasn't been glazed yet. 房子即将完工，但是窗户还没有装玻璃。
[gleɪz] verb
SHINY 发光的
transitive
■to make a surface shiny by putting a liquid substance onto it and leaving it or heating it until it dries 给…上釉；给…上光；使光滑，使光亮
• Glaze the pastry with beaten egg. 往油酥面团里加入打匀的鸡蛋，好使它亮滑。
• The pot had been badly glazed. 这个罐子上釉上得很差。
[gleɪz] verb
BORED 无聊的
intransitive (also glaze over)
■If your eyes glaze or glaze over, they stay still and stop showing any emotion because you are bored or tired or have stopped listening （眼神）变呆滞，发呆
• Among the audience, eyes glazed over and a few heads started to nod. 听众目光变得呆滞无神，少数人开始打盹。
[gleɪz] noun countable
■a substance used to glaze something 釉，釉料；（用来使食物有光泽的）浆，汁
• a cake with a redcurrant glaze 浇有红醋栗果浆的蛋糕
• pottery with a fine translucent glaze 发出半透明光泽的陶器
n. [陶瓷] 釉；光滑面
 - glost, glair

Word: bounty
Front: bounty
[ˈbaʊnti] (雅 9150/14817 -1)
Vocabulary: bounty
(once / 687 pages)
1n 2n
If there is bounty on your table, it means you have a wide variety and large quantity of food. If there's a bounty on your head, it means the government has put out a reward for your capture.
Bounty derives from the Latin bonus "good." Both meanings of bounty are connected with the idea of generosity, giving. A government known for its bounty will probably set a large bounty on the head of a murderer at large.
WORD FAMILY
bounty: bounteous, bounties, bountiful +/ bounteous: bounteously, bounteousness/ bountiful: bountifully, bountifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked around in seeming astonishment at his family and friends and the bounty he’d provided, with such hopes, for a much larger audience.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Our investigation into the world’s biggest iPhone factory, in Zhengzhou, China, revealed a hidden bounty of perks, tax breaks and subsidies.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Eventually, in ways that are predictable and unpredictable, the bounty returns to them.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Back: n. （由政府提供的）奖金，赏金; 慷慨，大方; 赠物，赠金
分布：慷慨(95%)，慷慨的赠予物(5%)
→来自词根bon, 好，同bonus. -ty, 抽象名词后缀。
US [-tˌi] noun
REWARD 报酬
countable
■a sum of money paid as a reward 奖金；赏金
• A bounty of $10 000 has been offered for the capture of his murderer. 悬赏一万美元捉拿谋杀他的凶手。
UK ['baʊn.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
KINDNESS 仁慈
uncountable literary
■great kindness or willingness to give 慷慨，大方
• The charity is totally dependent on the Church's bounty. 慈善事业完全依靠全体基督徒的慷慨赠予。
UK ['baʊn.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
PLENTY 大量
countable usually singular
■a large amount 大量
• a bounty of food 大量的食物
n. 慷慨；丰富；奖励金；赠款
 - abundance, plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, generosity

Word: cramped
Front: cramped
[kræmpt] (托 9151/11673 -1)
Back: adj. 狭窄的; 难懂的
v. 夹紧(cramp的过去式); 用夹钳夹; 约束
分布：狭窄的(56%)，难认的(33%)，束缚的(11%)
【反】commodious（adj 宽敞的）
adjective
■not having enough space or time 狭小的；狭窄的；受空间（或时间）限制的
• a cramped room/house 狭小的房间／房子
• We have six desks in this room, so we're rather cramped (for space). 我们这间房间里放了六张书桌，因此很拥挤。
• Meeting you before the end of the month will be difficult, because I have a very cramped schedule until then. 月底之前很难跟你会面，因为我在那之前，行程已安排得很紧密。
adj. 狭窄的；难懂的；难辨的
 - complicated, narrow, confined, strait
v. 用夹钳夹；约束（cramp的过去分词）
 - obliged

Word: concur
Front: concur
[kənˈkɜ:(r)] (托宝 9171/14111 -1)
Vocabulary: concur
(once / 633 pages)
v
To concur is to agree or approve of something. If someone says something you agree with, you can say "I concur!"
Like many words with con, concur has to do with agreement and being together. When you concur, you agree with someone about something or let them know you approve. "I concur" is a formal (and sometimes humorous) way of saying "I agree!" or "I hear that!" Also, two events that happen at the same time can be said to concur. People are happy when good things concur, like when a birthday and nice weather happen at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
concur: concuring, concurred, concurrence, concurrent, concurring, concurs+/ concurrence: concurrences/concurrency: concurrencies/ concurrent: concurrency, concurrently
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scientific literature concurs with the anecdotal evidence I collected.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Even so, both parties concurred on one point: American support for Israel was crucial for advancing the cause of peace.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Not everyone in the courtroom seemed to concur.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 同意; 互助; 同时发生; 共同作用
时态：concurred, concurring, concurs
分布：同时发生(72%)，意见相同(28%)
→con-, 强调。-cur, 跑，词源同currency, course. 即跑到一起，同意。
同时发生(con共同+cur→共同跑→同时发生)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
US [-'kɝ:] (-rr-) formal
verb intransitive
■to agree with someone or have the same opinion as someone else 同意，赞成；意见一致
• The new report concurs with previous findings. 新报告与先前的调查结果一致。
• [+ that] The board concurred that the editor should have full control over editorial matters. 董事会赞同主编应该对编辑事务全权负责。
• [+ speech] "I think you're absolutely right, " concurred Chris. “我认为你完全正确。”克里斯赞同道。
■If two or more events concur, they happen at the same time. 同时发生
vi. 同意；一致；互助
 - accept, grant, identify, square

Word: fatty
Front: fatty
[ˈfæti] (9161/9251 -2)
Back: adj. 油腻的; 肥胖的; 多脂肪的
n. 胖子
级别：fattier, fattiest
分布：脂肪的(67%)，含脂肪的(22%)，脂肪状的(11%)
胖子(fat胖)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
US ['fætˌ-] adjective
■containing a lot of fat 富含脂肪的
• Goose is a very fatty meat. 鹅肉是高脂肪肉类。
UK ['fæt.i] US ['fætˌ-] noun countable (also fatso) informal disapproving or humorous
■a fat person 胖子
adj. 脂肪的；肥胖的；多脂肪的；脂肪过多的
 - round, obese
n. 胖子
 - fatso, crisco

Word: avoidance
Front: avoidance
[əˈvɔɪdəns] (托 9140/8834 -1)
Back: n. 逃避; 职位空缺; 废止; 无效
分布：避免(60%)，回避(27%)，逃避(13%)
避免;无效(avoid+ance)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
noun uncountable
■the practice of avoiding something or someone 避免
• The avoidance of injury is critical to a professional athlete. 对于一个职业运动员来说，避免受伤是至关重要的。
n. 逃避；废止；职位空缺
 - evasion, elusion

Word: open-ended
Front: open-ended
['əʊpən 'endɪd] (-1)
Vocabulary: open-ended
(once / 23782 pages)
adj
Something that's open-ended doesn't have a specific end date or time. You might buy an open-ended plane ticket to Rome if you're not sure when — or if — you'll want to come home.
Things that are limitless, or that have no restrictions or restraints, can be called open-ended. An open-ended lease on a apartment doesn't end on a specific day, and an open-ended babysitting job would be somewhat casual, rather than a regular, reliable job. Open-ended questions are complicated ones — they can't be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." The adjective open-ended has been in use since the mid-1800s.
WORD FAMILY
open-ended
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was hard to maintain that fierce, open-ended sense of possibility after the Brexit referendum and Trump’s capture of the Republican nomination.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
That research allowed for open-ended projects like Brain’s Magenta, an investigation into how machines might generate art and music.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The last question was an open-ended one, inviting families to add anything else they thought was relevant.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有固定限度的; 广泛的，无限度的; 可以变更的; 随意回答的
分布：无限制的(45%)，自由回答的(22%)，开放式的(22%)，末端开口的(11%)
→比喻用法。
US [ˌoʊ-] adjective
■An open-ended activity or situation does not have a planned ending, so it may develop in several ways 无结论的；无限制的；未预作安排的
• We are not willing to enter into open-ended discussions. 我们不想无休止地讨论下去。
adj. 开放式的；无限制的；自由回答的；两端未封闭的
 - unlimited, limitless

Word: authoritative
Front: authoritative
[ɔ:ˈθɒrətətɪv] (托雅 9152/7691 -1)
Vocabulary: authoritative
(once / 1165 pages)
adj
Speak with an authoritative tone, or no one will listen to you. Why would they, if you sound like you don't even believe in yourself? Authoritative means sure or definitive.
When writing a paper, it can be useful to quote from an authoritative source, such as the encyclopedia, but you must also do enough research that you are fluent in your subject and can speak with the authoritative voice only true immersion can produce.
WORD FAMILY
authoritative: authoritatively+/authorisation: authorisations/authorise: authorisation, authorised, authoriser, authorises, authorising/authorised: unauthorised/ authoritarian: antiauthoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritarians/ authority: authorise, authoritarian, authoritative, authorities, authorize / authorization: authorizations/ authorize: authorization, authorizer, authorizes, authorizing/authorizer: authorizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am wary of authoritative eyes in the harvest and the lips that call nakedness shame.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Her real voice was quite deep and authoritative.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The data is not so authoritative elsewhere in the country, but it tells a similar story.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 权威的; 有权力的; 当局的; 命令式的
分布：权威性的(75%)，命令式的(25%)
权威性的(authority权威)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
US [ə'θɔ:r.ɪ.tˌə.tˌɪv] adjective
■seeming to have an ability to control 专断的；命令式的；权威性的
• She has an authoritative manner that at times is almost arrogant. 她爱发号施令，有时几乎到了盛气凌人的地步。
■containing complete and accurate information, and therefore respected 权威的；可信的；可靠的
• The book is an authoritative account of World War Two. 这本书对第二次世界大战作了非常权威的记述。
adj. 有权威的；命令式的；当局的
 - magisterial, cathedratic

Word: coma
Front: coma
[ˈkəʊmə] (宝 9163/12065 -1)
Vocabulary: coma
(once / 4333 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Medically speaking, a coma is the state of protective deep sleep your body goes into when severely injured, as in a car crash. Daytime soap operas would be lost without a good coma every few weeks.
Coma comes from the Greek koma meaning "deep sleep." As with so many words with medical or scientific origins, coma has been appropriated for a far wider range of uses. The zombie-like trance you fall into at family get-togethers like Thanksgiving? That too is a coma, though your chances of recovery are far better than from a real coma. Unless you happen to sit next to Aunt Sadie.
WORD FAMILY
coma: comae, comal, comas, semicoma
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was rushed to a hospital, where she fell into a coma.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We learn almost nothing about Holden before the coma, so when we meet him again 12 years later he’s basically a stranger.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Most of the men and women Comas interviewed showed a zest for life and an interest in pastimes from amateur dramatics to playing the piano.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <医>昏迷; 怠惰，麻木; <天>（彗星的）彗发
分布：昏迷(100%)
→来自kei, 躺，睡，词源同home.
昏迷,昏睡[com=sleep(睡)]
【记】co共同，ma妈：由于你昏迷的太厉害了，所以你的大妈，二妈，亲妈，后妈全体出动来探望你，希望你早日康复，继续背单词！
【参】comatose（adj 昏睡的，昏睡状态的）
US ['koʊ-] noun countable
■a state of unconsciousness from which a person cannot be woken, which is caused by damage to the brain after an accident or illness 昏迷（状态）
• He's been in a coma for the past six weeks. 在过去的六个星期里，他一直昏迷不醒。
• She went into a deep coma after taking an overdose of sleeping pills. 她服用过量安眠药后，陷入了深度昏迷。
n. [医] 昏迷； [天] 彗形像差
 - stupor, exanimation

Word: hymn
Front: hymn
[hɪm] (六宝 9164/7093 -1)
Vocabulary: hymn
(once / 316 pages)
nv
A hymn is a religious song, especially one praising God. People often sing hymns during church services.
The word hymn comes from the Late Latin hymnus, "song of praise," and the Greek hymnos, "festive song in praise of gods or heroes." Though many people think of hymns as Christian, they're used in many other religions too, from ancient Greek hymns to deities, to Sikh hymns and Hindu hymns to many gods. What these songs have in common is giving thanks or praise to a god or gods.
WORD FAMILY
hymn: hymned, hymning, hymns
USAGE EXAMPLES
A cube-shaped, see-through facade that encases the orb serves as a visual hymn to the European Union’s motto, “United in diversity,” Mr. Samyn said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They are rooted in archaic chants, hymns, and chorales.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Through a series of readings from scripture, congregational hymns, choral anthems and instrumental music, we move from creation to the manger in Bethlehem.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赞美诗; 圣歌
vt. 唱赞歌; 赞美
时态：hymned, hymning, hymns
分布：赞美诗(52%)，圣歌(44%)，唱赞美歌(4%)
→来自拉丁语hymnus,颂歌，来自希腊语hymnos,赞美神或英雄的颂诗，颂歌，来自sam,吟唱。
【记】hymn，hymn，hymn是赞美诗的前奏哼哼的一段hymnology（n 赞美诗学）；hymnbook（n 赞美诗集）
noun countable
■a song of praise that Christians sing to God 赞美诗，圣歌
• a hymn book 赞美诗集
n. 赞美诗；圣歌；欢乐的歌
 - spiritual, chorale

Word: Finn
Front: Finn
[fɪn] (8047/8302)
Back: n. 芬兰人
爱尔兰巨人
分布：芬兰人(100%)
noun countable
■Finn 芬兰人

Word: tolerant
Front: tolerant
[ˈtɒlərənt] (研六托 9167/9488)
Vocabulary: tolerant
(once / 810 pages)
adj
If you're tolerant it means that you accept people who are unlike you or put up with stuff you don't like. If you let your roommate play the same awful '80s mix over and over and don't say anything, you're probably a very tolerant person.
Broad-minded and open thinking is a hallmark of tolerant behavior. An individual can be tolerant, and so can a community or a nation if it accepts people from lots of different cultures or backgrounds. We generally think of tolerance as a good thing, but that doesn't mean being tolerant is easy — not with so many family members, classmates, and colleagues around to annoy us.
WORD FAMILY
tolerant: intolerant, toleranter, tolerantly+/ intolerance: intolerances/ intolerant: intolerance, intolerantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What is really interesting here is why the authorities are so tolerant,” Verkhovsky said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
China’s middle class is increasingly less tolerant of the deadly air, and in December tens of thousands of “smog refugees” decamped to clearer skies.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Professor Smith joined campaigns for civil rights in the 1960s and for a more tolerant understanding of Islam in the 2000s.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 宽容的; 容忍的，忍受的; （植物、动物或机器）能在困难条件下生存（或操作）的; 能耐…的
分布：宽容的(79%)，容忍的(21%)
心胸宽大的[toler=endure,表示"容忍"]
a.容忍的,宽容的;有耐药力的He is tolerant of small errors.他宽容小错.
US ['tɑ:.lɚ-] adjective
ACCEPTING 接受
■willing to accept behaviour and beliefs which are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them 宽容；忍受；容忍
• The present government is even less tolerant of dissent. 当权政府甚至更不能容忍异议。
• On the continent people are more tolerant of children in public places. 在欧洲大陆，人们在公共场所对孩子更为宽容。
UK ['tɒl.ər.ənt] US ['tɑ:.lɚ-] adjective
ABLE TO DEAL WITH 可解决的
■able to deal with something unpleasant or annoying, or to continue existing despite bad or difficult conditions 忍耐；忍受
• I think men are less tolerant of stress than women. 我认为男人在承受压力方面不如女人。
• Compared to other plants, rye is more tolerant of drought. 黑麦比其他植物更耐旱。
adj. 宽容的；容忍的；有耐药力的
 - kind, good-tempered

Word: irritation
Front: irritation
[ˌɪrɪ'teɪʃn] (宝 9155/7007 -2)
Vocabulary: irritation
(once / 754 pages)
1n 2n
An irritation is a situation or action that annoys someone — emotionally or physically. Your off-key singing in the car might be an irritation to the driver, or that poison ivy could be an irritation as well.
It's an irritation when you're bothering someone else, and it's also irritation when you're the one feeling irked: "My irritation increased the longer the train sat there, unmoving, with no explanation." The earliest meaning of this word was more physical, a "sore or swollen spot," from the Latin root word irritare, "excite or provoke."
WORD FAMILY
irritation: irritations+/irritability: irritabilities/ irritable: irritability, irritably/ irritate: irritable, irritated, irritates, irritating, irritation, irritative/ irritated: irritatedly/ irritating: irritatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a source of irritation for many of us who are descendants of those who played by the rules and wanted to become Americans.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Despite her best efforts to be cool, Paulson keeps finding herself awkwardly humming Rihanna’s songs on set, much to the irritation of her other co-stars.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Some suffered convulsions, while others complained of eye irritation.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 刺激; 激怒，恼怒，生气; 兴奋; 令人恼火的事
分布：刺激(92%)，刺激物(5%)，烦恼(3%)
noun countable or uncountable
ANGER 激怒
■when someone is made angry or annoyed 激怒，恼火
• That kind of behaviour is sure to cause irritation. 那种行为肯定会让人感到恼火。
• Traffic noise is just one of several minor irritations (= small problems). 交通噪音只是烦人的琐事之一。
[ˌɪr.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
SORE FEELING 疼痛感
■a painful or sore feeling in a part of the body 发炎；疼痛
• It is an antiseptic cream suitable for minor skin irritations. 这种杀菌乳膏适用于轻微的皮肤炎症。
• The strap had rubbed against his skin and caused irritation. 皮带擦伤了他的皮肤引起了发炎。
n. 刺激；刺激物；激怒；兴奋
 - stimulus, incentive, excitement, needle

Word: ostensibly
Front: ostensibly
[ɒ'stensəblɪ] (9156/9743)
Vocabulary: ostensibly
(once / 1930 pages)
adv
Ostensibly is an adverb you use to talk about something that looks one way, but underneath there's the hint of a different motivation for that action.
One day you go to an ice cream shop. Then the next day. And the next. You keep going, ostensibly to buy ice cream, but there’s a deeper reason. The cute person who works there, perhaps? To ostensibly do something admits that the surface reason might not be the only reason. The Latin root words translate as “to stretch in view of,” so imagine that you’re stretching a thin mask over your true intentions.
WORD FAMILY
ostensible: ostensibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was ostensibly designed to assist the fight against Isis.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Gas prices will now fluctuate, something that hasn't been seen in Mexico since the government started fixing prices in 1992, ostensibly to control inflation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Though ostensibly a defense of our decision not to veto a U.N.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 表面上地
分布：外表上地(50%)，表面上地(50%)
ADJ
表面上的；貌似真实的；宣称的
Ostensible is used to describe something that seems to be true or is officially stated to be true, but about which you or other people have doubts.
例：The ostensible purpose of these meetings was to gather information on financial strategies.这些会议声称旨在收集有关金融策略的信息。
adv. 表面上；外表
 - apparently, outwardly

Word: capitalist
Front: capitalist
[ˈkæpɪtəlɪst] (7856/3472 -2)
Vocabulary: capitalist
(once / 731 pages)
1adjn 2n
Someone who hopes to profit by investing money or financing business ventures is a capitalist. A nation's economy is described as capitalist if it's based on private ownership and profit.
The word capitalist appeared in 1791, taken from the French word capitaliste. A capitalist is someone who believes in the economic philosophy of Capitalism, a system of privately-owned, for-profit businesses. A capitalist might believe in free enterprise and the individual’s ability to gain wealth through intelligence and hard work. Capitalist can also be used to describe a self-interested, every-man-for-himself approach to the world.
WORD FAMILY
capitalist: capitalists+/ capital: capitalise, capitalism, capitalize, capitally, capitals/capitalisation: capitalisations, overcapitalisation/capitalise: capitalisation, capitalised, capitalising, overcapitalise/ capitalism: capitalist, capitalistic/capitalistic: capitalistically/ capitalization: capitalizations/ capitalize: capitalization, capitalized, capitalizes, capitalizing, overcapitalize/overcapitalise: overcapitalising/overcapitalize: overcapitalization, overcapitalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Venture capitalists say, ‘Hey, it’s great, but I only do biotech.’
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The valuations created a chasm between what venture capitalists bet a company would be worth and what IPO investors are willing to pay.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
BERKELEY, Calif. — A decade ago, a group of biologists, venture capitalists and computer whizzes gathered under the name “clean tech.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 资本家; 资本主义者; <口>有钱人，财主
adj. 资本主义的; 有资本的; 资本家的
分布：资本家(55%)，资本主义的(34%)，资本主义者(8%)，有资本的(3%)
资本家(的)(capital资本)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
US [-tˌəl-] noun countable
■someone who supports capitalism 资本主义者
■someone who has a large amount of money invested (= given hoping to get more back) in a business 资本家
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl.ɪst] US [-tˌəl-] adjective (also capitalistic)
■based on the system of capitalism 资本主义的
• a capitalist economy/country 资本主义经济／国家
n. 资本家；资本主义者
 - bourgeois

Word: hound
Front: hound
[haʊnd] (研六雅 9177/8069 -2)
Vocabulary: hound
(once / 373 pages)
1nv 2n
A hound is a type of dog with big floppy ears, mainly used for hunting. To hound someone is to relentlessly pursue or pester them. When Elvis sings, “You ain’t nothing but a hound dog,” he’s referring to both.
Hounds are dogs that have traditionally been used for hunting because they are excellent at tracking. Most hounds (like beagles and dachshunds) have drooping, floppy ears. Hounds can also be big and scary like the one Sherlock Holmes investigates in The Hound of the Baskervilles. If people hound, they hunt, too, but just in an annoying way. A man can hound a woman by asking for a date 10 times. A hounding person is persistent and probably annoying.
WORD FAMILY
hound: hounded, hounding, hounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were also in response to what Washington says is the unpleasant hounding of US diplomats in Moscow over a period of years.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Saleh, who calls himself a “professional idiot”, is a publicity hound, and that’s fine for him.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Remember the scene in “A Christmas Story,” with the Bumpus hounds?
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 猎狗，猎犬; 卑劣的人; [动]角鲨，星鲨，弓鳍鱼; 有…迷[瘾]的人
vt. 追猎; 不断侵扰，烦扰; 激励; 嗾使，煽动
时态：hounded, hounding, hounds
分布：猎狗(56%)，烦扰(16%)，紧追(7%)，迷(7%)，催促(5%)，追踪者(5%)，可鄙之人(2%)，带猎犬狩猎(2%)
→来自古英语hund,狗，来自kwon,狗，词源同canine,cynic,kennel.引申词义猎犬，猎狗。
n.猎狗;卑鄙的人vt.用猎狗追,追逐Abundance doesn't mean redundance. The hound found a profound book on the roundabout.充裕并不意味多余.猎犬在旋转木马上找到一本深奥的书.
noun countable
■a dog used for hunting, especially a foxhound 猎狗；（尤指）猎狐犬
[haʊnd] verb transitive
■to chase someone or refuse to leave them alone, especially because you want to get something from them; harass 追赶；（不停地）烦扰
• The reporters wouldn't stop hounding her. 记者不停地烦扰她。
[haʊnd] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  hound sb out
■to force someone to leave a job or a place 逼迫（某人）离开
• He claims he was hounded out of his job by a group of students who disapproved of his views. 他声称自己是被一群与他观点不合的学生逼迫离职的。
vt. 追猎；烦扰；激励
 - stimulate, eat, burden, power
n. 猎犬；卑劣的人
 - hunter, gundog

Word: blindness
Front: blindness
['blaɪndnəs] (9157/11335)
Back: n. 失明; 盲目; 无知; 轻率
分布：失明(72%)，盲目(26%)，愚昧(2%)
ADJ
盲的；瞎的；失明的
Someone who is blind is unable to see because their eyes are damaged.
例：I started helping him run the business when he went blind...他失明以后，我就开始帮他打理生意。
例：How would you explain colour to a blind person?你如何向盲人解释颜色？
VERB
使…看不见；使…失明
If something blinds you, it makes you unable to see, either for a short time or permanently.
例：The sun hit the windscreen, momentarily blinding him.太阳照在挡风玻璃上，晃得他一时看不见东西。
ADJ
暂时看不见的；双眼模糊的；目眩的
If you are blind with something such as tears or a bright light, you are unable to see for a short time because of the tears or light.
例：Her mother groped for the back of the chair, her eyes blind with tears.她妈妈泪眼蒙眬地伸手去摸椅背。
ADJ-GRADED
看不到的；视而不见的；没有意识到的
If you say that someone is blind to a fact or a situation, you mean that they ignore it or are unaware of it, although you think that they should take notice of it or be aware of it.
例：David's good looks and impeccable manners had always made her blind to his faults...戴维英俊的长相和完美的举止总是让她对他的缺点视而不见。
例：All the time I was blind to your suffering.一直以来，我都没有意识到你遭受的痛苦。
VERB
使无法意识到；使无视；使无法认清
If something blinds you to the real situation, it prevents you from realizing that it exists or from understanding it properly.
例：He never allowed his love of Australia to blind him to his countrymen's faults.他从来不会因为对澳大利亚的热爱而看不到自己同胞的缺点。
ADJ-GRADED
（信仰或行动）盲目的，不理智的
You can describe someone's beliefs or actions as blind when you think that they seem to take no notice of important facts or behave in an unreasonable way.
例：...her blind faith in the wisdom of the Church...她对教会智慧的盲目信仰
例：Lesley yelled at him with blind, hating rage.莱斯莉心生愤恨，盛怒之下对他大嚷大叫。
ADJ
（拐角）不在视线中的，看不见的
A blind corner is one that you cannot see round because something is blocking your view.
例：He tried to overtake three cars on a blind corner and crashed head-on into a lorry.他试图在一个死角处超过前面的三辆车，结果一头撞在了一辆卡车上。
ADJ
无窗的；无门的；没有开口的；封死的
A blind wall or building is one which has no windows or doors.
例：I remembered a huddle of stone buildings with blind walls.我记得一片没有窗户的石头建筑。
N-COUNT
百叶窗；卷帘
A blind is a roll of cloth or paper which you can pull down over a window as a covering.
PHRASE
对…视而不见；对…假装看不见
If you say that someone is turning a blind eye to something bad or illegal that is happening, you mean that you think they are pretending not to notice that it is happening so that they will not have to do anything about it.
例：Teachers are turning a blind eye to pupils smoking at school, a report reveals today...今日一篇报道称，老师们对学生在学校抽烟睁一只眼闭一只眼。
例：I can't turn a blind eye when someone is being robbed.当有人遭到抢劫时，我不能视而不见。
n. [眼科] 失明；无知；盲区
 - darkness, ignorance

Word: livelihood
Front: livelihood
[ˈlaɪvlihʊd] (托 9184/9493 -1)
Vocabulary: livelihood
(once / 1291 pages)
n
Your livelihood is the job you work at to earn the income that supports you.
The word livelihood started out as the Old English līflād, or "course of life," and around the 13th century changed to livelode, which meant "a means of keeping one alive." As "-lode" morphed into "-hood," which meant "state, condition," the meaning of the word also changed to mean support for a person's life. That naturally came to mean your job, which provides the monetary support to keep you going.
WORD FAMILY
livelihood: livelihoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The former’s audience is restricted to peers and students but matters a lot in academics’ livelihoods and in the ranking of universities.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
This is a serious matter of livelihood for many.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
In this case it is not a few people’s livelihoods that are on the line, but all people’s lives.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 生活，生计; 谋生之道; 营生
分布：生活(60%)，生计(36%)，营生(4%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable or uncountable
■(the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc 生活来源；饭碗，生计
• Many ship workers could lose their livelihoods because of falling orders for new ships. 由于新船订单减少，许多船厂工人可能要丢掉饭碗。
• That farm is his livelihood. 那个农场是他的生活来源。
⇒ See also living
n. 生计，生活；营生
 - life, existence, living, keep

Word: chemist
Front: chemist
[ˈkemɪst] (高研四六雅 9185/5034 -K2)
Back: n. 化学家; 药剂师; 药商; 药房
分布：化学家(77%)，药剂师(16%)，药房(7%)
→来自alchemy, 炼金术，炼丹术，来自gheu, 倾注，词源同foundry, 铸造厂。现代科学意义上的化学脱胎于古老的炼金术。
n.化学家;药剂师The chemist and the mistress insist that the mist consists of several chemicals.化学家和女教师坚持认为薄雾由几种化学物品构成.
noun countable
SCIENCE 科学
 ADVANCED
■a person who studies chemistry, or a scientist who works with chemicals or studies their reactions 化学家
['kem.ɪst] noun countable
MEDICINE 药品
 ADVANCED UK (US druggist) (also pharmacist)
■a person whose job is to prepare and sell medicines in a shop 药剂师
 ADVANCED UK (UK also chemist's) (US drugstore) (also pharmacy)
■a shop where you can buy medicines, make-up and products used for washing yourself （出售药品、化妆品等的）药店，药房
n. 化学家；药剂师
 - pharmacist, dispenser

Word: after
Front: after
[ˈɑ:ftə(r)] (中高 120/96 -K5)
Vocabulary: after
(once / 5 pages)
advadj
After is a preposition meaning "later in time" or "behind in space." After many hours of dancing, you'll be sweaty and hungry.
The word after goes all the way back to Sanskrit (meaning "further off" or "beyond"). You can use it in the context of time, as in, "Meet me after dinner and we'll take a walk," or of space, as in, "After you pass the school, you'll see the library on your right." After can also be an adverb. If you like ships, you'll recognize the relationship of after to aft, which means the rear part of the ship.
WORD FAMILY
after
USAGE EXAMPLES
After that, we bumped into each other occasionally on the street, spending a few minutes catching up.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An angry crowd cursed the government, even after a representative of Mr. Sadr tried to calm them.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After a 5-11 season, changes will be demanded of the Jets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: prep. …后的; （表示时间）在…以后; （表示位置、顺序）在…后面
conj. 在…以后
adv. 以后，继后
adj. 后来的，以后的
分布：以后(46%)，后来(13%)，以后的(10%)，关于(9%)，追赶(6%)，在后面(6%)，依照(6%)，在 ... 以后(2%)，在 ... 之后(2%)
→来自PIE *apo, 从，后面，词源同前缀ab-, 单词of。-ter比较级后缀。
prep.在...以后;在...后面adv.以后,后来After graduation, he went to Michigan.毕业后他去了密歇根.
US ['æf.tɚ] preposition
 ESSENTIAL
■following in time, place or order （时间、地点或顺序）在…之后；（一个）接着（一个）
• Shall we go for a walk after breakfast? 我们吃过早餐去散步好吗？
• Some people believe in life after death. 一些人相信死后灵魂依然存在。
• Her name came after mine on the list. 名单上她的名字排在我后面。
• There's a good film on the day after tomorrow. 后天有一部不错的电影。
• She waited until well after midnight. 她一直等到深夜很晚的时候。
• US It's a quarter after four. 四点十五分了。
• She just keeps on working, day after day , week after week (= continuously). 她日复一日地工作下去。
• We've had meeting after meeting (= many meetings) to discuss this point. 我们一次又一次地开会讨论这个问题。
• Jessie seemed very small after (= in comparison with) Michael's children. 与麦克的孩子比起来，杰西显得很矮小。
• After (= Despite) everything I've done for you, is this the way you treat me? 我甚么都为你做了，你就这样对待我吗？
• After (= Because of) what she did to me, I'll never trust her again. 她对我做出这种事情，我再也不会信任她了。
• The children have to learn to tidy up after themselves (= after they have made things untidy). 孩子必须意识到，自己弄乱了东西，就得自己收拾整齐。
• She slammed the door after (= behind) her. 她随手砰地关上了门。
• We ran after (= followed) him, but he escaped. 我们去追他，但是他逃脱了。
• Could you lock up after you (= when you leave) , please? 请你离开时锁好门好吗？
be after sb/sth informal
■to be looking for someone or something or trying to find or get them 寻找；追求；追捕
• The police are after him. 警方正在追捕他。
• I'm after a tie to go with this shirt. 我要找一条和这件衬衫相配的领带。
• I'm sure she's after my husband. 我敢肯定她在打我丈夫的主意。
• He's after (= wants for himself) Jane's job. 他要抢简的饭碗。
after you
■used to politely say that someone can go in front of you or serve themselves with food before you （用于让别人先走或先用饮食）你先请
• "Can I pour you some coffee?" "Oh no, after you." “我给你倒点咖啡吧？”“噢，不用，你先来吧。”
■UK informal
■used to ask another person to give you something which they are using when they have finished using it （用于请求在某人之后使用…）
• After you with the newspaper, Jack. 杰克，你看完报纸给我看看。
■typical of or similar to the style of 具有…风格；模仿…
• a painting after Titian 一幅模仿提香的画作
• a concerto after Mozart 模仿莫劄特风格的协奏曲
UK ['ɑ:f.tər] US ['æf.tɚ] preposition
after all ADVANCED
■despite earlier problems or doubts 终究
• The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead after all. 雨已经停了，所以比赛还会继续下去。
■used to add information that shows that what you have just said is true 毕竟
• I do like her - after all, she is my sister. 我当然喜欢她，毕竟她是我姐姐呀。
UK ['ɑ:f.tər] US ['æf.tɚ] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■later than someone or something else 以后，后来；向后；在后面
• Hilary got here at midday and Nicholas arrived soon after. 希拉蕊中午到了这里，随后不久尼古拉斯也到了。
• I can't go next week - how about the week after (= the following week) ? 下星期我去不了，下下星期怎么样？
• not standard She got back at 4.30 and went to see Emilie after (= after she got back). 她四点半回来的，随后就去探望艾蜜莉了。
UK ['ɑ:f.tər] US ['æf.tɚ] conjunction
 ESSENTIAL
■at a time which is later than another event 在…之后
• Three months after they moved out, the house was still empty. 他们搬出去三个月了，这座房子仍然空着。
• Soon/shortly after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise. 我们上了高速公路不久，车子就发出奇怪的噪音。
• I went to the post office straight/immediately after I left you. 离开你以后我马上／立刻就去了邮局。
after, in
after: 接时间点， after 7:00,
in: 接时间段 in five minutes
after, behind, at the back of
这些词均有“在……后面”之意。
after: 和behind用来表地点时，前者强调的是顺序的先后，而后者侧重方向和位置的前后关系。请比较：The student sat after me.那个学生坐在我后面。(我坐在他前面)。The student sat behind me.那学生坐在我背后。after与behind用于指时间时，前者强调时间的先后顺序，而后者则着重于表示“落后……”或“迟于……”的概念。试比较：Who ruled after James I?詹姆斯一世之后是谁统治的?You are forty minutes behind schedule.你比规定的时间迟了40分钟。after多用于表示因时间上的先后而造成顺序的前后场合，behind则常用于仅指位置上的前后关系。请比较：Please shut the door after you.请随手关门。Please shut the door behind you.请关上你身后的门。
at the back of: 这个前置词短语既可指具体的位置的先后，又可用于指抽象的概念。
adv. 后来，以后
 - since, subsequently
prep. 在……之后
 - in the back of
adj. 以后的
 - succeeding

Word: dread
Front: dread
[dred] (研四六托雅 9181/8728 -2)
Vocabulary: dread
(once / 68 pages)
nadjv
The noun dread describes the fear of something bad happening, like the dread you feel when walking alone on a deserted street in the dark.
Dread is a feeling of fear, but it can also be the desire to avoid something. For example, many people feel dread at the very thought of speaking in front of an audience. As a verb, dread means "to fear or not want something to happen," like students who did not study and as a result, dread getting their graded tests back. As an adjective, dread means "frightening or terrifying," like a dread monster.
WORD FAMILY
dread: dreaded, dreadful, dreading, dreadingly, dreadly, dreads+/ dreadful: dreadfulest, dreadfully, dreadfulness/dreadfulness: dreadfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m dreading the unpredictability,” said John J. Lynch III, Main Line’s president and chief executive.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And we watched as dread turned to doom on the heels of the worst mass shooting in American history at Orlando’s Pulse nightclub.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
As dread and social conflict built through the fall, it was hard for many of us to think much about music at all.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 害怕，担心; （古语）敬畏
n. 恐惧，畏惧; 令人恐惧的事物
adj. 可怕的
vi. 十分害怕
时态：dreaded, dreading, dreads
分布：恐惧(65%)，担心(19%)，惧怕(12%)，恐怖的(2%)，使人敬畏的(1%)，可怕的人或事(1%)
→缩写自古英语ondraedan, 谏言，建议放弃，来自ond-, 相对，相反，词源同anti-, -raedan, 建议，辩理，词源同reason, read. 即劝阻，恐怖的结果，引申义恐惧，惧怕。
v./n.恐惧,担心The dreadful tread on the meadow broke the deadly deadlock.草场上可怕的践踏声打破了致命的僵局.
【源】原来用作动词指阅读（read）恐怖小说，后来阅读所有的东西都用了read，而dread就成了恐怖的意思。见到dead就会dread
verb transitive
 IMPROVER
■to feel extremely worried or frightened about something that is going to happen or that might happen 对…感到恐惧；害怕；担心
• He's dreading his driving test - he's sure he's going to fail. 他在为驾照考试而担心——他觉得自己肯定过不了。
• [+ -ing verb] I'm dreading having to meet his parents. 因为不得不见他的父母，我很害怕。
dread to think
■used to say that you do not want to think about something because it is too worrying 不愿想；不敢想
• I dread to think what would happen if he was left to cope on his own. 我不敢想像，如果让他自己去应付会怎么样。
[dred] noun uncountable
■a strong feeling of fear or worry 恐惧，害怕；忧虑
• The prospect of working full-time fills me with dread. 可能要实行全日工作制，这让我很担忧。
• I live in dread of bumping into her in the street. 我每天都害怕在街上碰见她。
alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread
这些名词均含“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意。
alarm: 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。
fear: 普通用词，侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。
fright: 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧，有时含夸张意味。
horror: 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。
panic: 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。
terror: 指极大的恐惧和惊骇，语气最强。
dread: 可与fear换用，着重害怕的心理，但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。
n. 恐惧；可怕的人（或物）
 - fear, terror
vi. 惧怕；担心
 - worry, concern about/for/over
vt. 惧怕；担心
 - worry, concern about/for/over
adj. 可怕的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: camper
Front: camper
[ˈkæmpə(r)] (9182/23424 -1)
Back: n. 露营者，野营者; （装有露营设备的）露营车; 房车
分布：野营者(100%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a person who stays in a tent or in a holiday camp on holiday 露营者，野营者；渡假营营员
(UK also camper van) * a motorhome
(also trailer) US for * caravan (VEHICLE)

Word: disregard
Front: disregard
[ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑ:d] (研六托雅宝 9174/7532 -1)
Vocabulary: disregard
(once / 473 pages)
nv
If everyone at the city council meeting tends to disregard anything that's said by the eccentric gentleman with the parrot on his shoulder, it means that no one pays any attention to him.
To disregard something is to ignore it, or to deliberately pay it no attention. Sometimes the word is used to mean "neglect," implying that something important is not being taken care of. Disregard can also be a noun; you could complain that your family has a complete disregard for your privacy when they gather outside your bedroom door to eavesdrop on your telephone conversations.
WORD FAMILY
disregard: disregarded, disregarding, disregards+/ regard: disregard, regarded, regardful, regarding, regardless, regards, self-regard/regardful: regardfully/ regardless: disregardless, irregardless, regardlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and downtrodden black people in the United States.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and down trodden black people in the United States.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Spencer: When society disregards the contributions of any people, it reflects badly.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 不顾; 不理会; 漠视，忽视; 蔑视，轻视
n. 漠视，忽视; 不理，不顾; 不尊重
时态：disregarded, disregarding, disregards
分布：不顾(35%)，忽视(29%)，漠视(24%)，不理会(12%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。regard, 关切，关心。
vt.不理会;忽视;漠视n.忽视;漠视They disregarded my objections to the proposal.他们忽视我对该提案的异议.
【反】nurture（n /v 养育；教育）
US [-'gɑ:rd] noun uncountable
■when someone shows no care or respect for something 忽视，漠视，无视
• What amazes me is her complete disregard for anyone else's opinion. 让我吃惊的是，她完全无视他人的意见。
UK [ˌdɪs.rɪ'gɑ:d] US [-'gɑ:rd] verb transitive
■to ignore something 忽视，无视，不理会
• He told us to disregard everything we'd learned so far and start again. 他告诉我们不要考虑所学过的东西，一切要重新开始。
overlook, disregard, omit, neglect, forget, ignore
这组词都有“疏忽，忽略”的意思，其区别是：
overlook: 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
disregard: 多指有意或自觉地不顾某事。
omit: 指有意或无意地忘记做某事，也指删去被视作不重要、不合意的东西。
neglect: 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
forget: 普通用词，侧重某事不重要或太复杂而未能记住，也指有意疏忽或忘掉。
ignore: 通常指有意不顾，或不理显而易见的事物。
vt. 忽视；不理；漠视；不顾
 - ignore, neglect
n. 忽视；不尊重
 - inobservancy, negligence

Word: rainfall
Front: rainfall
[ˈreɪnfɔ:l] (高托雅 9169/10343 -1)
Back: n. 阵雨，降雨; 降雨量
分布：降雨(70%)，降雨量(30%)
US [-fɑ:l] noun uncountable
■rain, or the amount of rain that falls 下雨，降雨；（降）雨量
• Heavy rainfall ruined the match. 大雨让这场比赛泡了汤。
• The average annual rainfall in this region: 750 mm. 该地区年平均降雨量：750毫米。
n. [气象] 降雨；降雨量
 - moisture, precip

Word: paddle
Front: paddle
[ˈpædl] (高研托雅 9187/10365 -1)
Vocabulary: paddle
(once / 457 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4v
If you regularly ride around in a canoe, you’re undoubtedly already familiar with a paddle, a pole with a broad, flat end that is used to propel a boat forward.
Nautical types will already know that the noun form of the word paddle refers to an implement with a flat blade used to move a boat through the water. The word can also be used to describe items with a similar look, such as a paddle used in table tennis or certain kinds of video games. The verb form of paddle refers to the action of navigating through the water, either in a boat using a paddle or as a swimmer who used the hands and feet to move around in shallow water.
WORD FAMILY
paddle: paddled, paddler, paddles, paddling+/paddler: paddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its manual mode is controlled by steering wheel paddles.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Talia told the staff that her father hit her with “Mr. Paddle” when he got angry, according to court testimony.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Everybody too serious,” Cheng explained during a lesson last month, clenching a paddle with white knuckles before releasing into a shrug.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [航海] 宽叶短桨; 桨状物; 搅拌金矿的铁器，类似铁铲的工具; 洗衣板，扁板
vi. 涉水; 趟水; 用桨划船; 荡桨
vt. 用浆划动，用船桨推动（船只）; 搬运，运输; 拍打; 搅拌
时态：paddled, paddling, paddles
分布：桨(71%)，划桨(14%)，戏水(9%)，明轮翼(4%)，抚弄(2%)
→来自拉丁语padela,小铲子，进一步来自patella,小盘子，来自patina的小词形式，词源同pan,patella.后引申词义船桨。paddle 蹚水，踩水
n.桨v.用桨划The little boy paddled up to his mother.那小男孩摇摇晃晃地走向他的母亲.
noun
POLE 杆
countable
■a short pole with a wide flat part at one end or both ends, used for moving a small boat or canoe through the water （小船的）短桨，桨
countable
■a blade on a paddle wheel （船的）明轮叶
['pæd.l] noun
WALK 走
countable usually singular UK (US wade)
■a walk through shallow water, especially at the edge of the sea （尤指在海边的）涉水
• Shall we go for a paddle? 我们去玩水好吗？
['pæd.l] verb
WALK 走
intransitive UK (US wade)
■to walk with no shoes or socks on through shallow water, often at the edge of the sea 涉水；在（海边）浅水中走
• We rolled up our trousers and paddled along the seashore. 我们卷起裤管沿海边涉水而行。
['pæd.l] verb
WITH POLE 用杆
intransitive or transitive
■to push a pole with a wide end through the water in order to make a boat move 用桨划船
transitive US
■to hit a child on the bottom with a short, wide piece of wood 用戒尺打（孩子的屁股）
['pæd.l] verb
SWIM 游泳
intransitive
■to swim by moving your feet and hands up and down （游泳时用手和脚）拨水
['pæd.l] verb
paddle your own canoe UK informal
■If you describe a person as paddling their own canoe, you mean that they are independent and do not need help from anyone else. 自力更生；自食其力；处事独立
n. 划桨；明轮翼
 - oarage
vt. 拌；搅；用桨划
 - pug
vi. 划桨；戏水；涉水
 - wade through

Word: cranberry
Front: cranberry
[ˈkrænbəri] (9172/28721 -1)
Back: n. [植]蔓越橘; 酸果蔓的果实
分布：小红莓(67%)，曼越橘(20%)，其果实(13%)
→来自crane和berry的组合词。因这种植物的花蔓远观如同站立的白鹤而得名。
US [-ber-] noun countable
■a small round red fruit with a sour taste 越橘，小红莓

Word: crib
Front: crib
[krɪb] (9179/23470 -1)
Vocabulary: crib
(once / 2030 pages)
1n 2n 3nv 4n 5v
A crib is a bed with high sides that babies sleep in. To crib is to cheat, like copying off someone else during an exam. How babyish!
A crib is a small, cozy bed that has high sides known as slats. The slats keep the baby from falling out. To crib is different — it means to cheat, especially by copying or stealing information. If you stole an answer key to a test, you cribbed it. If you friend told you the answers to some homework, you cribbed the answers. Cribbing is dishonest.
WORD FAMILY
crib: cribbed, cribbing, cribs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just 14 weeks old, the malnourished infant died in a soiled crib at her home on March 15, 2015.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“But they ain’t calling it on him at their crib.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Teary-eyed, they clasped hands and prayed over Josue’s crib moments before nurses wheeled him to the operating room.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （有栏杆的）小儿床; 饲料槽; 牛栏; 剽窃，偷窃
vt. 束缚，限制; 为…设置木栏; 剽窃
vi. 抄袭; 欺骗
时态：cribbed, cribbing, cribs
分布：抄袭(63%)，食槽(16%)，拘禁(16%)，婴儿小床(5%)
→来自sker, 转，弯，编织，词源cradle。原义为篮子，摇篮，后由篮子过渡到饲料槽。抄袭义来自学生俚语。
noun countable
BED 床 US for cot (= a small bed for a baby) 幼儿床
[krɪb] noun countable
MODEL 模型 UK (US creche)
■a model of the people and animals present at the birth of Jesus Christ , used as a decoration at Christmas 耶稣诞生塑像（用作圣诞节装饰）
[krɪb] noun countable
HOME 家 US slang
■Someone's crib is their home or the place where they are living at present. 家，窝，小屋
[krɪb] verb intransitive or transitive (-bb-) informal disapproving
■to copy someone else's work, especially dishonestly 抄袭，剽窃，作弊
• I got chucked out of the exam for cribbing from the guy in front. 由于抄袭前座的答案，我被逐出了考场。
n. 婴儿床；栅栏；食槽
 - infanette, rail fence
vi. 剽窃
 - plagiarize
vt. 拘禁，关入栅栏；抄袭
 - lift, copy

Word: gala
Front: gala
[ˈgɑ:lə] (9165/9169 -1)
Vocabulary: gala
(once / 2885 pages)
n
A gala is a big party. If you're going to a gala, you'll want to wear your fanciest ball gown — you'll want to look great for the best party of the year.
A gala often features entertainment and dinner, and sometimes dancing and an auction. It's like a prom — but for adults. If you want to raise money for your favorite hospital, or museum, or theater, you could throw a gala, charge people a lot to attend, and give your profits to the charity. A gala can also be just a big celebration, like a gala dinner before the Oscars ceremony. Gala is from the Old French gale, "rejoicing."
WORD FAMILY
gala: galas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here are some of the inauguration galas with the most distinct personality.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The Breakers, a few miles north of Mar-a-Lago, is the other major location for big galas in Palm Beach.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The host of that “Camouflage & Cufflinks” gala was listed as the Opening Day Foundation, a charity registered just days earlier in Texas.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 节日; 庆祝
adj. 节日的; 欢乐的
分布：节日(62%)，盛会(31%)，祝贺(7%)
→词源不详，原义为欢乐，引申义庆典。可能来自wel, 意愿，希望，词源同will, gallant. 即按照自己的意愿寻找欢乐。
US ['geɪ-] noun countable
CELEBRATION 庆典
■a special public occasion at which there is a lot of entertainment, usually in the form of different types of performances （通常指包括很多表演节目的）庆典，盛会，演出
• There will be many stars performing in the Royal Ballet's Gala Night, held in aid of children's charities. 为资助儿童慈善机构而进行的皇家芭蕾舞剧团演出之夜将有众多明星献艺。
UK ['gɑ:.lə] US ['geɪ-] noun countable
SPORTS EVENT 体育赛事 UK a sports competition, especially in swimming 运动会，体育竞赛（尤指游泳）
• a swimming gala 游泳比赛 ，水运会
n. 祝贺，庆祝；节日，特别娱乐
 - festival, holiday, celebration
adj. 节日的，欢庆的；欢乐的
 - festival, convivial

Word: inflammation
Front: inflammation
[ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn] (宝 9195/9326 -1)
Vocabulary: inflammation
(once / 1200 pages)
n
An inflammation means "setting something on fire." Maybe it's a political movement that suddenly takes hold, romantic feelings, the heat making your shoes feel tight, or someone lighting a campfire.
Inflammation comes from the root inflame, from the Latin word inflammare meaning "to set on fire with passion." That meaning sounds pretty good, but an inflammation on your face, like a terrible rash, probably isn't going to inflame anyone's passion, at least until the swelling goes down. It probably also causes pain and discomfort.
WORD FAMILY
inflammation: inflammations+/ flame: flame-colored, flamed, flames, flaming, inflame /flaming: flamingest, flamingly, flamings/ inflame: inflamed, inflames, inflaming, inflammation, inflammatory /inflamed: inflamedly/inflaming: inflamings/ inflammatory: anti-inflammatory, inflammatorily, noninflammatory, pro-inflammatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to tame inflammation, is an option, too.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The theory is that moisturizers “seal” a baby’s skin against some invader that triggers inflammation.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We might be able to activate the inflammation in a controlled manner that actually works,” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [医]炎症; 燃烧; 发火
分布：炎症(76%)，发炎(21%)，激动(2%)，燃烧(1%)
→来自inflame,燃烧，激怒。用于指发炎，炎症。
【反】mollification（n 缓和）
noun countable or uncountable
■a red, painful and often swollen area in or on a part of your body 炎（症）
• Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation. 阿司匹林可缓解疼痛和炎症。
• an inflammation of the eye/toe/ear 眼睛／脚趾／耳朵发炎
n. [病理] 炎症； [医] 发炎； [热] 燃烧；发火
 - combustion, burning

Word: outnumber
Front: outnumber
[ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r)] (9186/9779 -1)
Vocabulary: outnumber
(once / 2000 pages)
v
To outnumber is to have more of one thing than another. Sometimes it’s good, like when chocolate chips outnumber the raisins in the trail mix. Sometimes it’s bad, like when ants outnumber the people at a picnic.
In many cities, pigeons seem to outnumber any other kind of bird — in other words, there are more pigeons than sparrows, crows, and robins. If the girls in a class outnumber boys by three to one, there are three times more girls than boys. And in a school cafeteria, lunches that include meat will often outnumber the vegetarian choices. This verb has been around since the 1600s. It makes it sound like counting is a competition.
WORD FAMILY
outnumber: outnumbered, outnumbering, outnumbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clemson’s fans were outnumbered in a crowd that was expecting an Ohio State win—at least until the fourth quarter.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Seahawks comment: “When the losses over the last five games outnumber the wins, it’s hard to call any defeat an aberration.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Rough night for a Wazzu fan base that outnumbered Minnesota fans by a good 3 to 1.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 数量多于; 比…多
时态：outnumbered, outnumbering, outnumbers
分布：数量上超过(100%)
→out-,超过，number,数量。
在数量上超过(out+number数量)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
US [-bɚ] verb transitive
■to be greater in number than someone or something 在数量上超过，比…多
• In our office, the women outnumber the men 3 to 1. 我们办公室女多于男，比例为3比1。
vt. [计划] 数目超过；比…多
 - overnumber

Word: syllable
Front: syllable
[ˈsɪləbl] (托 9192/6237 -1)
Vocabulary: syllable
(once / 602 pages)
n
A syllable can be made up of just a vowel — "a" can be a syllable — or a vowel and one or more consonants — "skip" is one syllable, but three sounds, or phonemes: sk-i-p.
When you're figuring out how many syllables a word has, you have to listen to how it's pronounced, not look at the spelling. Household is two syllables — which you'll hear when you say the word — even though it's got four vowels. Elephant is three syllables, and hippopotamus is five. You can also use syllable for the tiniest bits of language: "I loved every syllable of your speech," or "Please don't repeat a syllable of what I told you."
WORD FAMILY
syllable: syllabicate, syllabify, syllabise, syllabize, syllables+/syllabicate: syllabication/syllabify: syllabification, syllabifying/syllabise: syllabised, syllabises, syllabising/syllabize: syllabized, syllabizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first part of this word will look to many English speakers without any Korean like the first syllable of the word “gangster.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Say it aloud or listen: in Latin, eight syllables, alternating short and long.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Four levels of “spiciness” are on offer — keeping in mind that in the portmanteau Chinese word mala, only the second syllable refers to heat.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 音节
分布：音节(98%)，分音节(2%)
→来自拉丁语 syllaba,音节，来自希腊语 syllabe,集中，音节，即多个音和字母合成一起，来自 syllambanein,集中，放在一起，来自 syl-,一起，lambanein,拿，带，词源同 lemma,epilepsy. 拼写受后缀-able 影响俗化。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a single unit of speech, either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word can be separated, usually containing a vowel 音节
vi. 按音节发音；讲话
 - to speak, to address

Word: per
Front: per
[pə(r)] (高雅 669/743 -K)
Back: prep. 由; （表示根据）依照; （表示比率）（尤指数量，价格，时间）每
adv. 每次; 每个; 照常; 按惯例
adj. 高的，过的，全的
分布：每(91%)，每一(5%)，按照(3%)，经过(1%)
→来自拉丁语per,穿过，通过，凭借，方式，每，来自per,向前，前进。
prep.每;经,由This newspaper has a circulation of 100, 000 per year.这报纸的年发行量有十万份.
US [pɝ:] UK [pər] US [pɚ] preposition
 ESSENTIAL
■used when expressing rates, prices or measurements to mean for each 每，每一
• The meal will cost $20 per person. 这顿饭每人要花20美元。
• The car was travelling at 70 miles per hour (70 mph). 那辆汽车以每小时70英哩的速度行驶着。
• There are more cafés per square mile here than anywhere else in the country. 该地区每平方英哩内的咖啡馆要比该国其他任何一个地方都多。
⇒ See also percent
UK [pɜ:r] US [pɝ:] UK [pər] US [pɚ] preposition
as per instructions formal
■according to the instructions 按照指示，根据说明
• I had two spoonfuls after lunch, as per instructions. 我依照说明午餐后吃了两匙。
UK [pɜ:r] US [pɝ:] UK [pər] US [pɚ] preposition
as per usual/normal
■as usual 照常，按惯例
• Carlo turned up without any money, as per usual. 卡洛出现时又像往常那样身无分文。
prep. 每；经；按照；每一
 - in accordance, in the light of

Word: inscribe
Front: inscribe
[ɪnˈskraɪb] (宝 9201/11257 -1)
Vocabulary: inscribe
(once / 262 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4v 5v
To inscribe means to write something in a permanent or formal way. When you have a jeweler inscribe your initials inside your new ring, she uses a machine to carve them into the metal.
A stone carver might inscribe your grandfather's name on a memorial stone, and your best friend might inscribe his name and a favorite quote in the back of your yearbook. In geometry, to inscribe is to fit one shape inside another, like when a triangle fits neatly inside a circle with its points just touching the perimeter. The Latin root of inscribe is inscribere, "to write in or on."
WORD FAMILY
inscribe: inscribed, inscribes, inscribing, inscription +/ inscription: inscriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this surpassingly American story, we see how historical and structural realities inscribe themselves into our most personal traumas and triumphs.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
From my notes, inscribed in real time: “rooftop running, galloping, leaping, climbing, crossbows, crash, sword slice, arrows, climbing, jumping,”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It was stamped on coins, engraved on tombs and inscribed on sundials, jewelry and synagogue furnishings.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 雕，刻; 题写，题献
时态：inscribed, inscribing, inscribes
分布：题写(40%)，铭记(35%)，题赠(15%)，铭刻于(10%)
→in-,进入，使，-scribe,写，词源同scribe,description.引申词义题，刻。
铭刻(in进入+scribe→刻写进去→铭刻)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】in里面，scribe写一写进里面去一刻，雕
【参】describe（vt 描写；形容）；inscription（n 题字；碑铭）；script（n 手迹；手稿）；conscription（n 征召）
[ɪn'skraɪb] formal
verb transitive
■to write words in a book or carve (= cut) them on an object 题写；刻，雕
• The prize winners each receive a book with their names inscribed on the first page. 每名获奖者都得到一本首页题有他们签名的书。
• The wall of the church was inscribed with the names of the dead from the Great War. 教堂墙壁上镌刻着第一次世界大战中死难者的名字。
vt. 题写；题献；铭记；雕
 - brand, heart

Word: deprivation
Front: deprivation
[ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn] (托宝 9193/6057)
Vocabulary: deprivation
(once / 3207 pages)
n
A state of deprivation means something is missing, and the situation is serious. If you're suffering from sleep deprivation, you haven't slept in a long time.
If you know the word deprive — meaning to keep something away from someone — then you’re close to knowing what deprivation means. It describes the state of not having something. Poor people experience a lot of deprivation: poverty keeps them from having enough food or shelter. Plants experiencing water deprivation will shrivel up and die. If you’re grounded your parents might impose video game deprivation, although this word is usually reserved for when you’re lacking something really serious.
WORD FAMILY
deprivation: deprivations+/ deprive: deprivation, deprived, deprives, depriving
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I promise the Chianti will be flowing from lunch on,” said Ms. Berry, a Buddhist who observes the concept of moderation rather than deprivation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The signs of sleep deprivation include dozing off while writing notes or reviewing patients’ medications, and poor memory or judgment.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
These districts of subsidized pastel-colored, low-rise housing are tidy and well maintained, not places of obvious deprivation.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 剥夺; 丧失; 免职，废止
分布：剥夺(85%)，丧失(7%)，匮乏(6%)，免职(2%)
剥夺;丧失(deprive+ation)[Priv=single,lone,表示"单个"]
【记】de离开，priv＝privat私人的－从私人那里拿走－剥夺
【参】privacy（n 独处；秘密）；privation（n 缺乏；穷困；丧失）deprive（vt 剥夺；使丧失）
【反】surfeit（n 过量；过度）；fecundity（n 多产；丰饶）
noun countable or uncountable
■when you do not have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life 缺失，缺乏，匮乏
• They used sleep deprivation as a form of torture. 他们把不让人睡觉作为一种折磨人的手段。
• There is awful deprivation in the shanty towns. 贫民区的生活条件十分糟糕。
• There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War. 南北战事期间，食品短缺，物资匮乏。
n. 剥夺；损失；免职
 - removal, losing, expense, disadvantage, cost

Word: revealing
Front: revealing
[rɪˈvi:lɪŋ] (宝 9191/9470 -2)
Vocabulary: revealing
(once / 856 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective revealing to describe disclosing something that was hidden, either literally or figuratively. If you ask people if they've ever cheated on a test, you may get revealing answers that tell you whether the person is honest or not.
Revealing comes from the Latin word revelare, which literally means "unveil," and that word has its roots in re-, meaning "the opposite of," and velare meaning "to cover or veil." It is little wonder that the adjective revealing is often used to describe clothing that leaves little to the imagination. If your daughter's date comes to the door in a revealing shirt with almost every button undone, you might ask him to put on a jacket or else he'll be sure to catch cold.
WORD FAMILY
revealing: revealingly, revealings+/ reveal: revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelatory /revealed: unrevealed/ revelation: revelations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this is a revealing glimpse into the way security forces are operating in Rakhine.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Yet he also sustains an underlying sense of tension, revealing a deeper musical structure that evokes an ever-intensifying spiritual struggle.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
This is the revealing story of the birth of Mass Observation.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 有启示作用的，给人启发的; 透露真情的; 袒胸露肩的
v. 显示，展示; 揭示，揭露; 泄露
分布：有启迪作用的(45%)，透露内情的(33%)，动词reveal的现在分词.(11%)，袒露身体的(11%)
→来自 reveal,揭示，揭露。
adjective
■describes clothes which show more of the body than is usual （衣服）暴露的，使身体过分裸露的
• a revealing dress/shirt 过于暴露的连衣裙／衬衣
■showing something that was not previously known or seen 揭露真相的；透露内情的；发人深省的
• A joke can be very revealing about/of what someone's really thinking. 从一个人说的笑话中可以看出他内心的真实想法。
v. 揭示；展现（reveal的ing形式）
 - unveiling

Word: proxy
Front: proxy
[ˈprɒksi] (托雅 9178/10247 -1)
Vocabulary: proxy
(once / 2449 pages)
n
Don't feel like going to the grocery store today? See if you can send your brother as a proxy, meaning he's a substitute authorized to act for you.
Now, don't get crazy about getting your brother to do everything for you. Running your errands is one thing, but if you're a historian and your brother is an accountant, he is not a good proxy for you when you don't feel like researching your book about Napoleon. And you wouldn't be a good proxy for him in his work. A proxy must be well-chosen to truly act on another person's behalf.
WORD FAMILY
proxy: proxies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The answer is that this was a pop-culture proxy war against Clinton, a dummy run.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Icahn's support of universal proxy cards pits him against the U.S.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Thursday’s report showed an important proxy for business investment, nondefense capital goods excluding aircraft, rose 0.9% last month, the second consecutive monthly rise.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 代表权; 代理人，代替物; 委托书; 代理服务器
分布：代理人(53%)，代理的(26%)，委托书(12%)，代理权(9%)
→缩写自procuracy,代理权，代表权。
US ['prɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
■authority given to a person to act for someone else, such as by voting for them in an election, or the person who this authority is given to （由个人委托的）代理人，代表；代理权；代表权
• a proxy vote 代投的一票
• My brother's voting for me by proxy in the club elections. 在俱乐部选举中，我弟弟代表我投票。
• Can I nominate someone as a proxy to sign for me? 我能提名某个人代表我签字吗？
n. [法] [贸易] 代理人； [经] 委托书；代用品
 - deputy, agent, factor, secondary, substitute

Word: award-winning
Front: award-winning
[əˈwɔ:d ˈwɪnɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 成功的，优等的，一流的
adjective [before noun]
■having won a prize or prizes for being of high quality or very skilled 获奖的
• an award-winning author/TV series/design 获奖作家／电视连续剧／设计
adj. 应获奖的；优等的；备受赞誉的
 - classy

Word: clumsy
Front: clumsy
[ˈklʌmzi] (高研四六托雅宝 9209/8653 -1)
Vocabulary: clumsy
(once / 556 pages)
1adj 2adj
Someone clumsy is a klutz. They're awkward, ungraceful, and walk like they have two left feet. Something hard to handle — like a huge box — is also clumsy.
A badly told story is told in a clumsy way, and a couch that's hard to move clumsy to carry. But mostly being clumsy is embarrassing. Dropping things, tripping a lot, and stumbling are all examples of clumsiness. Clumsy people usually aren't too good at sports or dancing. And you certainly don't want a clumsy surgeon. Most people are a little clumsy when they're teenagers — growing so fast makes it hard to be sure of yourself physically.
WORD FAMILY
clumsy: clumsier, clumsiest, clumsily, clumsiness+/clumsiness: clumsinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russia called the penalties a clumsy yet aggressive attempt to “harm Russian-American ties.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Cute” is dancing toddlers, puppies and clumsy kittens, anything involving that optimal eye-size-to-head-size ratio.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What about a clumsy, anxious Luddite who's paranoid about slicing someone's ear off?
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 笨拙的; 复杂难懂的; 得罪人的; （文体等）臃肿的
级别：clumsier, clumsiest
分布：笨拙的(85%)，笨重的(8%)，不得体的(7%)
→词源可能clod,clot,clump.词义由大块头引申为不方便，笨拙。
a.笨拙的,愚笨的He is clumsy with tools.他不擅于使用工具.
【参】clumsily（adv 笨拙地，粗陋地，不漂亮地）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■awkward in movement or manner 笨拙的，不灵活的；不得体的
• The first mobile phones were heavy and clumsy to use, but nowadays they are much easier to handle. 第一代手机用起来很笨重，而现在的手机就轻便多了。
• My attempts to apologize were very clumsy (= not said well). 我想道歉，却拙嘴笨舌的。
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful, controlled way 笨手笨脚，不灵巧
• That's the third glass you've smashed this week - you're so clumsy! 这已经是你这个星期打破的第三只杯子了——真是太笨了！
sensible, conscious, awkward, aware, clumsy
这组词都有“笨拙的”的意思，其区别是：
sensible: 侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。 awkward, clumsy
conscious: 指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动。
awkward: 侧重缺乏优雅、机敏和技巧。用于物时，指使用不便。
aware: 强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息，也指敏税的观察和推断。侧重感知，多与of一起用。
clumsy: 指人时，侧重行动笨拙；指物时，侧重制作粗陋或体积、重量过大而呈现笨重。
adj. 笨拙的
 - awkward, inept

Word: alphabet
Front: alphabet
[ˈælfəbet] (高研四六 9190/11157 -K1)
Vocabulary: alphabet
(once / 915 pages)
1n 2n
An alphabet is a set of all the letters in a written language. The letters in an alphabet represent the different sounds in that language. When you sing the A, B, C song, you are singing the English alphabet. Rock on.
If you grew up speaking English, you're most familiar with the English alphabet, which is based on the 26-letter Latin alphabet. Other languages, like German, use this same alphabet with a few added characters, like Ü and ß, to represent specific sounds in spoken German. The Greek root of alphabet is alphabetos, a combination of the first and second letters in the Greek alphabet, alpha, and beta.
WORD FAMILY
alphabet: alphabetic, alphabetical, alphabetise, alphabetize, alphabets+/alphabetical: alphabetically /alphabetise: alphabetisation, alphabetised, alphabetiser/ alphabetize: alphabetization, alphabetized, alphabetizer, alphabetizes, alphabetizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
At just 19.8 times forward earnings, Alphabet trades at a discount to internet peers Facebook’s and Amazon.com’s multiples of 23 times and 87 times, respectively.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
In truth it is not much of a separation, as the firm will still be inside Alphabet and will not disclose more financial details.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Then Google conjured up a corporate superstructure called Alphabet, slotting itself in as the only profitable firm.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 字母表; 字母系统; 入门，初步
分布：字母表(95%)，符号系统(5%)
→alpha，希腊语第一个字母，同A.bet, 希腊语第二个字母，同B.
n.字母表;初步,入门Can you find where S is in the alphabet?你能在字母表上找到S吗?
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a set of letters arranged in a fixed order which is used for writing a language 字母表
• the Cyrillic alphabet 西里尔字母表
letter, alphabet, script, character
这组词都有“字母”的意思，其区别是：
letter: 指单个的字母。
alphabet: 指整个字母系统或一种语言的字母表，不表单个字母。
script: 指书写或印刷的字母。
character: 通常指汉语的方块字，也指字符。
n. [语] 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步
 - ABC, rudiments

Word: punctuate
Front: punctuate
[ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt] (高 9198/11199 -1)
Vocabulary: punctuate
(once / 1298 pages)
1v 2v
Most commonly, punctuate means to insert standard marks (like periods, commas, and exclamation points) into written sentences.
You punctuate sentences to give the reader additional information, such as when a sentence ends, whether or not that sentence is a question, and when a series of words might be a list. You can also punctuate, or emphasize, your words by shouting them or making them ALL CAPS. Occasionally, this verb can also mean "interrupt periodically," as when your cat walks back and forth across your keyboard, punctuating your writing with "shjkpl;" and "pohjxz."
WORD FAMILY
punctuate: punctuated, punctuates, punctuating, punctuation +/ punctuation: punctuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The silence of the march was punctuated by demonstrators who spoke each name aloud.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But while the riots and clashes punctuate the country with alarm, it is the hunger that remains the constant source of unease.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
And even 346-pound defensive tackle Dontari Poe managed to throw a touchdown pass in the closing minutes to punctuate the win.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 加标点符号; 不时打断; 加强，强调
vt. 不时打断某事物; 使用标点符号
时态：punctuated, punctuating, punctuates
分布：强调(47%)，不时打断(37%)，加标点于(16%)
→来自拉丁语punctum,点，刺点，来自pungere,刺，击，词源同pungent,point.引申词义打标点符号。
加标点(punct+uate→加上点→加标点)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
US [-tu:-] verb transitive slightly formal
■to happen or cause something to happen repeatedly while something else is happening; to interrupt something repeatedly 不断打断
• The President spoke at length in a speech punctuated by applause. 总统的长篇大论不时被掌声打断。
• He chatted freely, punctuating his remarks as often as possible with the interviewer's first name. 他自在地闲聊着，在谈论中不时直呼采访者的名字。
UK ['pʌŋk.tju:.eɪt] US [-tu:-] verb transitive
■to add punctuation marks to written words so that people can see when a sentence starts and finishes, or that something is a question, etc. 给…加标点符号
vt. 不时打断；强调；加标点于
 - emphasize, stress, highlight

Word: spaghetti
Front: spaghetti
[spəˈgeti] (9189/12398 -1)
Vocabulary: spaghetti
(once / 8237 pages)
n
Spaghetti is long, thin pasta. Spaghetti with meatballs in marinara sauce is an Italian restaurant classic.
Spaghetti is a popular Italian pasta, often served with a tomato sauce sometimes called spaghetti sauce. The Italian word spago means string, and spaghetti is the plural of spago — a description of what spaghetti looks like. Spaghetti straps are very thin shoulder straps found on dresses and summery tops. In the late 1960s, "spaghetti westerns" were movies about the Wild West, filmed in Italy and directed by Italians.
WORD FAMILY
spaghetti
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prime minister must now decide how to position herself in this spaghetti western standoff between the Good, the Mad and the Fugly.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Serve the sauce and meatballs over the spaghetti and garnish with grated Parmesan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Whenever Neighbors hosted team dinners – his specialty is chicken spaghetti – there wasn’t enough room for everybody.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 意大利面条; [电]漆布绝缘管
分布：意大利式细面条(100%)
→来自意大利语 spaghetti,复数形式于 spaghetto,小词形式于 spago,线，绳子。引申词义细面条。
US [-'ge-] noun uncountable
■pasta made in the form of long, thin threads 义大利式细面条

Word: expansive
Front: expansive
[ɪkˈspænsɪv] (托宝 9197/13993 -1)
Vocabulary: expansive
(once / 2368 pages)
adj
Expansive is all about being able to grow or get larger. An expansive piece of land is large, an expansive mind is one that is always thinking of the big picture, an expansive vocabulary is one that holds lots of words.
Warning: don't confuse expansive, "large," with expensive, "high priced." They differ by only one letter but mean very different things. A Big Mac may contain what McDonald's advertizes as an expansive all-beef patty, but it isn't expensive food.
WORD FAMILY
expansive: expansively, expansiveness, expansivity, unexpansive+/ expand: expandable, expanded, expanding, expands, expansible, expansion, expansive / expansion: expansionism, expansions/ expansionism: expansionist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Restraints disappear, and the field is open to the most expansive claims and the most implacable actors,” he writes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Carter, punk, and the expansive cultural impulse that brought this random family together are about to be supplanted by the Reagan era.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Specifically, she mentions Anita Baker, a vocalist with a similarly expansive palette.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 易扩张的，膨胀性的; 胸襟开阔的，豁达的; 辽阔的; 健谈的
分布：广阔的(61%)，健谈的(21%)，易膨胀的(9%)，滔滔不绝的(9%)
【记】源于expand（vt 使膨胀；详述）ex出，pan平底锅：出门带着pan，边给人家做饭，边聊天－太开朗了！！！
【反】reserved（adj 保留的；保守的）；taciturn（adj 沉默的）；withdrawn（adj 性格内向的）；diffident（adj 缺乏自信的）；malicious（adj 恶意的；恶毒的）；limited（adj 有限的；狭窄的）
adjective
TALKING 倾谈 formal
■very happy to talk to people in a friendly way 友善健谈的；豪爽的；开朗的
• He was in an expansive mood on the night of the party. 聚会那天晚上，他情绪很好，豪爽健谈。
[ɪk'spænt.sɪv] adjective
LARGE 广阔的
■covering a large area 广阔的，辽阔的；浩瀚的
• There was an expansive view from the window. 从窗口望去，辽阔的景色一览无遗。
• "All this is mine," she said with an expansive (= using big movements) arm gesture. “所有这一切都是我的，”她一边比手画脚一边说着。
adj. 广阔的；扩张的；豪爽的
 - vast, extensive, wider

Word: stringent
Front: stringent
[ˈstrɪndʒənt] (托宝 9188/8793 -1)
Vocabulary: stringent
(once / 2072 pages)
adj
That teacher's demands are stringent — she wants the homework typed in her favorite font, on special paper, and each essay must be exactly 45 lines!
While the word stringent might seem foreign, if you're afflicted with pimples, you'll know the word astringent. An astringent causes your skin to tighten like it's shrinking your pores. This tightening, constricting feel describes stringent with regard to rules. Stringent safety procedures prevent accidents in a dangerous work environment. And restaurants must adhere to stringent health regulations.
WORD FAMILY
stringent: stringency, stringently+/stringency: stringencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Starting a few years ago, large banks began requiring their top law firms to undergo data-security audits and meet stringent standards.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
We’ve put stringent requirements on colleges before they get to do a bachelor’s degree.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"Financial regulation should be progressively more stringent for firms of greater importance," Tarullo said at the time.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 严格的; 迫切的; （货币）紧缩的
分布：严格的(94%)，银根紧的(5%)，紧迫的(1%)
→来自拉丁语 stringere, 拉紧， 绑紧， 压缩， 来自 strenk, 紧的， 拉紧， 绑紧， 词源同 strict,string,strong.引申词义严格的，严厉的，紧缩的等。
紧迫的(string+ent→拉紧的→紧迫的)[stirain,striet,string=tighten,表示"拉紧"]
【记】源于：string（n 细绳）把string拉紧－紧的stri作为词根是紧的意思。
【参】astringent（n 收敛剂；adj 收敛性的）
【反】lax（adj 松的；松懈的）
adjective
SEVERE 严重的
■having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting 严重的；严格的，苛刻的
• The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them. 除非能够坚持严格执法，否则即使是世界上最严苛的法律也毫无用处。
• We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards. 我们需要采取更为严格的安全措施，例如发放识别证。
• Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident. 事故之后制定了严格的安全规范。
['strɪn.dʒənt] adjective
LIMITING MONEY 限制钱的 specialized
■involving not enough money being available for borrowing as a result of firm controls on the amount of money in an economy 紧缩的，银根紧的
• Already low living standards have been worsened by stringent economic reforms. 紧缩财政的经济改革使得原本就低落的生活水准雪上加霜。
adj. 严厉的；迫切的；银根紧的
 - severe, tight, hard, harsh, pressing

Word: instinctively
Front: instinctively
[ɪn'stɪŋktɪvlɪ] (六托 9224/7974)
Back: adv. 本能地
分布：副词(95%)，名词(5%)
ADJ
本能的;天性的;直觉的
An instinctive feeling, idea, or action is one that you have or do without thinking or reasoning.
例：It's an absolutely instinctive reaction—if a child falls you pick it up...这完全是本能的反应——如果一个孩子摔倒了你会把他扶起来。
例：Ms Senatorova showed an instinctive feel for market economics.谢纳托罗娃女士对市场经济学有一种天生的敏感。

Word: limestone
Front: limestone
[ˈlaɪmstəʊn] (六托宝 9196/6225 -1)
Back: n. 石灰岩，石灰石
分布：石灰石(100%)
US [-stoʊn] noun uncountable
■a white or light grey rock which is used as a building material and in the making of cement 石灰石；石灰岩

Word: pollute
Front: pollute
[pəˈlu:t] (高研四六托 9208/8769 -2)
Vocabulary: pollute
(once / 484 pages)
v
Pollute is a verb that means to make something dirty or impure. You can pollute a river by pouring waste into it, or you can pollute your body by eating way too much candy.
Pollute comes from the Latin word pollut-, meaning “soiled.” When you pollute something, it's soiled or contaminated, often by something poisonous. You might have heard the word pollution — pollution is the stuff that pollutes the environment. The word pollute can be used more figuratively to describe something that corrupts or degrades. For example, reading articles about celebrity weddings can pollute your mind.
WORD FAMILY
pollute: pollutant, polluted, polluter, pollutes, polluting, pollution +/pollutant: pollutants/ polluted: unpolluted/polluter: polluters/ pollution: antipollution, pollutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some manufacturing companies are required to cut production and heavily polluting vehicles are banned from the roads.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
When authorities issue red alerts, some manufacturing companies are required to cut production and heavily polluting vehicles are banned from the roads.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Stalling emissions should also spell better health, because coal burning in particular pollutes the air with lung-shredding particles and choking chemicals.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 污染; 玷污，亵渎; 破坏（品性），使堕落
时态：polluted, polluting, pollutes
分布：污染(96%)，弄脏(4%)
→来自拉丁语pollurere,抹上泥土，弄脏，玷污，来自前缀por-在字母l开头前的异化形式pol-,在前，向前，luere,涂抹，弄脏，流出，流出泥浆，词源同liniment,delete.在14世纪时用于词义遗精或手淫，后于19世纪中期用于词义污染，并成为主要词义。
v.弄脏,污染Bicycling doesn't pollute the air.骑脚踏车不污染环境.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to make an area or substance, usually air, water or earth, dirty or harmful to people, animals and plants, especially by adding harmful chemicals 污染
• The fertilizers and pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply. 农场里使用的化肥和杀虫剂正在污染供水。
• We won't invest in any company that pollutes the environment. 我们不会投资任何污染环境的公司。
• figurative Many Americans complain that broadcasters pollute the airwaves with violence, sensationalism and sleaze. 许多美国人抱怨说广播公司用暴力、耸人听闻的题材和低级庸俗的内容污染了无线电波。
vt. 污染；玷污；败坏
 - cloud, poison

Word: prod
Front: prod
[prɒd] (托宝 9206/12182 -1)
Vocabulary: prod
(once / 2012 pages)
vn
A teacher might use a verbal prod when students aren't participating in class. A prod is an encouragement, like the threat of a quiz. Just hope the teacher doesn't use the kind of prod a rancher uses to keep cattle moving!
Prod can also be a verb that refers to a soft poke or a nudge, like when you prod someone in the ribs with your finger. It can also describe verbal encouragement that's used when you want something or want to know something. For example, you might prod your sister into helping you do your math homework.
WORD FAMILY
prod: prodded, prodding, prods+/prodding: proddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The outbreak also prodded international corporations to reexamine their policies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Obama, he said, was prodded by more than fear.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The same duo combined for the second, Kane stealing between two static defenders to prod home Trippier's fine cross from six yards.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 刺针，刺棒; 刺激，激励
vt. 刺激; 促使…行动; （用手指或尖物）戳; 捅
时态：prodded, prodding, prods
分布：刺激(33%)，刺(30%)，戳(20%)，激励(9%)，刺针(4%)，刺棒(4%)
→来自中古英语brodden,刺，戳，来自Proto-Germanic*bruzdaz,刺，硬毛，来自bhars,刺，硬毛，词源同bur,barley,brad.
【记】pro向前，d的：因为推动促使，所以向前的。
【反】rein（v 以缰绳控制；止住）
US [prɑ:d] verb (-dd-)
intransitive or transitive
■to push something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object （用手指、尖物等）刺，捅；戳
• I prodded her in the back to get her attention. 我戳了戳她的背以引起她的注意。
• She prodded the cake with her fork to see if it was cooked. 她用叉子戳了戳蛋糕看是不是熟了。
• He prodded at the fish with his fork a few times, but he didn't eat a mouthful. 他用叉子戳了几次鱼，但一口也没有吃。
transitive
■to encourage someone to take action, especially when they are being slow or unwilling 激励，促使，敦促
• He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them. 他把事情做完了，不过是在我的督促下他才这么做的。
UK [prɒd] US [prɑ:d] noun
countable
■an act of pushing something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object 刺，捅，戳
• He gave her a prod in the ribs. 他戳了她肋骨一下。
only singular
■encouragement to do something 激励，鼓励
• She hasn't ordered that book for me yet - I must give her a prod. 她还没帮我订购那本书——我必须提醒她一下。
n. 刺针；刺棒；签子
 - cnidocil, bodkin
vt. 刺，戳；刺激
 - stick, stimulate, fan, pink
vi. 刺；捅
 - poke, run through

Word: sliding
Front: sliding
['slaɪdɪŋ] (9202/9619)
Back: adj. 滑行的，变化的
v. 滑动，滑行( slide的现在分词 ); 滑落; 下跌; 打滑
分布：滑(95%)，移动(2%)，滑行(2%)，动词slide的现在分词.(1%)
V-ERG
滑动;溜
When something slides somewhere or when you slide it there, it moves there smoothly over or against something.
例：She slid the door open...她滑开了门。
例：I slid the wallet into his pocket...我把钱包麻利地塞进了他的口袋。
VERB
麻利而无声地移动;悄悄地溜到
If you slide somewhere, you move there smoothly and quietly.
例：He slid into the driver's seat...他麻利地坐进驾驶员的座位。
例：'Nice meeting you, Zoe,' I said and slid off.“很高兴见到你，佐薇，”说完我便溜走了。
VERB
不自觉地陷入(某种情绪、态度或情境)
To slide into a particular mood, attitude, or situation means to gradually start to have that mood, attitude, or situation often without intending to.
例：She had slid into a depression...她不觉沮丧起来。
例：He needs them to stop the country sliding into chaos.他需要他们来防止这个国家陷入混乱。
VERB
(货币)贬值;(物价)下跌
If currencies or prices slide, they gradually become worse or lower in value.
例：The US dollar continued to slide...美元继续贬值。
例：The upset sent share prices sliding to their lowest level for almost 18 months...这种不安情绪使股票价格跌落到几乎 18 个月以来的最低水平。
N-COUNT
幻灯片
A slide is a small piece of photographic film which you project onto a screen so that you can see the picture.
例：...a slide show.幻灯片放映
N-COUNT
(显微镜的)载玻片
A slide is a piece of glass on which you put something that you want to examine through a microscope.
N-COUNT
滑梯
A slide is a piece of playground equipment that has a steep slope for children to go down for fun.
PHRASE
放任…自流;任…恶化而不予处理
If you let something slide, you allow it to get into a worse state or condition by not attending to it.
例：The company had let environmental standards slide.这家公司听凭环境标准的不断下降。
adj. 变化的；滑行的
 - changed, varying, metabolic, variational
n. 滑；移动
 - removal, move, shift, migration, motion
v. 滑动；使滑行（slide的ing形式）
 - slipping

Word: portal
Front: portal
[ˈpɔ:tl] (9221/9282)
Vocabulary: portal
(once / 962 pages)
1n 2n
A portal is a large and imposing gate or doorway. You’re likely to find a portal in a castle, in a cathedral, or even on an internet site.
Portal can be used to describe other types of doorways, both literal and metaphorical. For example, portal can refer to a web page that provides access to other sites on the web. If you enjoy reading science fiction or fantasy, you may be familiar with the use of the word portal to mean “a doorway to another world.” The wardrobe in C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe functions as a portal to the land of Narnia.
WORD FAMILY
portal: portals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The portal will be sealed, and the Order of Things will be restored.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The report in Tianshan Net, a news portal run by Communist Party officials in Xinjiang, says the incident occurred Wednesday afternoon in Moyu county.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The report in Tianshan Net, a news portal run by Communist Party officials in Xinjiang, says the incident happened Wednesday afternoon in Moyu county.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 入口; 桥门; [解剖学]肝门; 出孔
adj. [解剖学]门的; 肝门的; 门静脉的; 关于门静脉的
分布：门静脉(62%)，入口(24%)，大门(6%)，肝门的(4%)，门静脉的(4%)
→来自拉丁语porta,门，来自per,通过，穿过，向前，词源同ford,forth,port.
US ['pɔ:r.tˌəl] specialized
noun
countable
■a page on the Internet that people use to search the Internet and that allows them to get useful information such as news, weather and travel, or a company that provides these pages 入口网页；大门网站
portals [plural] formal
■a large important entrance to a building （建筑物的）壮观的大门，正门
• Passing through the portals of the BBC for the first time, she felt slightly nervous. 第一次走进英国广播公司的大门，她觉得稍有些紧张。
n. 大门， [建] 入口
 - threshold, entry

Word: energize
Front: energize
[ˈenədʒaɪz] (六托 9205/34767 -1)
Vocabulary: energize
(once / 5091 pages)
v
Energize means to raise the energy level of something. If your really boring teacher suddenly starts throwing M&Ms to every student with a correct answer, he will energize the classroom.
Ever seen the Energizer Bunny––the one who "keeps going and going and going?" It's because he's energized by long-lasting batteries that he has the energy to beat that drum over and over. Someone who's feeling low on energy might be reenergized by a cat nap or a candy bar.
WORD FAMILY
energize: de-energize, energized, energizer, energizes, energizing+/ energetic: energetically, unenergetic, unenrgetic/energise: de-energise, energised, energiser, energises, energising/energiser: energisers/energizer: energizers/energizing: energizingly, energizings/ energy: energetic, energies, energise, energize /unenergetic: unenergetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morrell is a spokeswoman for Friends of Rural Crescent Energized, a group that formed in opposition to a special-use permit for the project.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Away from work, her life is centered on being just as energized to help others dream and achieve.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
An uncharitable reading might lump Laura into that group, though it would mean overlooking the warmth, wit and energizing spark of Farahani’s performance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 加强，给与…以活力; 使活跃; [物]给与…能量，给与…电压
时态：energized, energizing, energizes
分布：激励(58%)，使活跃(26%)，赋予能量(8%)，使精力充沛(8%)
给予能量(energy+ize)[erg=energy,work,表示"能量,活动"]
US [-ɚ-] verb transitive
■to make someone feel energetic or eager 使精力充沛，使有活力；激励，激发：
• I felt very energized after my holiday. 假期过后，我感到精力非常充沛。
vt. 激励；使活跃；供给…能量
 - stimulate, power
vi. 活动；用力
 - function, exercise one's activity

Word: handwriting
Front: handwriting
[ˈhændraɪtɪŋ] (中高研四六 9204/7825 -1)
Vocabulary: handwriting
(once / 852 pages)
n
The process of writing something with a pen or pencil is handwriting. And you can call the way you write your handwriting too. By the time you finish the handwriting of a hundred Christmas cards, your handwriting will probably be illegible.
When you're taking notes or working on your novel, your process can involve typing, dictating, or handwriting — scrawling on a piece of paper with a pen. Your typical style of scrawl is also called your handwriting — it's the script in which you write. Doctors are kind of famous for having terrible handwriting, while elementary school teachers tend to have very tidy, legible handwriting.
WORD FAMILY
handwriting: handwritings+/handwrite: handwriting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boulder police hired handwriting experts to compare the note to samples from the girl’s parents, and the experts cleared John Ramsey as the author.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In that last episode, Durst was presented with evidence that his handwriting appeared to match that of Berman's likely killer.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
In English, Italian or other languages, youngsters' handwriting adorn the envelopes addressed to Father Christmas, some decorated with colorful hearts and stars.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 书法，手书; 笔迹，字迹
v. 亲手写(handwrite的ing形式)
分布：笔迹(66%)，书法(34%)
→hand,手，writing,书写。
n.笔迹,手迹,书法Your handwriting is very good.你的书法很好.
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■writing with a pen or pencil 书写
• We need to ensure that handwriting is properly taught in our primary schools. 我们要确保小学里有正规的习字课。
 ADVANCED
■the particular way in which someone forms letters with a pen or pencil 字迹，笔迹
• His handwriting is illegible. 他的笔迹很难认。
n. [法] 笔迹；书法；书写；手稿
 - writing, calligraphy

Word: motivational
Front: motivational
[ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃənl] (9220/23171)
Vocabulary: motivational
(once / 24936 pages)
adj
Anything motivational makes you want to do something — or at least be willing to do it. When you're training your dog, the treats in your pocket can be used as motivational tools.
If someone gives a motivational speech, their purpose is to try to get people excited about doing or trying something. A football coach's motivational talk to his team, for example, is intended to inspire the players to win the game. In other words, what the coach says motivates the team to play well. Both motivate and motivational come from the Old French motif, "drive or motivation," from motivus, "moving" in Medieval Latin.
WORD FAMILY
motivational: motivationally+/ motivate: motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivator/ motivated: unmotivated / motivation: motivational, motivations/motivator: motivators/ motive: motivate, motiveless, motively, motives, motivity/motiveless: motivelessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
So maybe About Schmidt is my favourite motivational film.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
"He's an incredibly hard worker. He's very motivational to be around. Everything he does is team first. He's a great leader."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, it is both a gamble and a relatively straightforward motivational tactic – the question now is whether it will work.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 动机的，动力的
分布：动机的(78%)，激发性的(22%)
US [ˌmoʊ.tˌɪ-] adjective [before noun]
■giving you motivation (= enthusiasm) 激发积极性的
• a motivational speaker 讲话鼓舞人心的演讲者

Word: motherhood
Front: motherhood
[ˈmʌðəhʊd] (9200/12310 -1)
Back: n. 母亲身份; 母性; 母亲们（总称）
分布：母性(70%)，母亲身份(30%)
→mother,母亲，-hood,抽象名词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■the state or time of being a mother 母亲身分
• I don't feel ready for motherhood yet. 我心理上还没准备好做一个母亲。
n. 母性；母亲身份；母亲们（总称）
 - maternalism

Word: singular
Front: singular
[ˈsɪŋgjələ(r)] (研四六雅 9212/11662 -1)
Vocabulary: singular
(once / 135 pages)
adjn
If something is extraordinary, remarkable, or one of a kind, you can say it is singular. A singular opportunity to sing onstage with a rock star is a remarkable opportunity.
Seeing the single inside singular can help you understand its meaning in the sense of one. In grammar, singular means one, as opposed to plural, which means more than one. But singular’s not always––or singularly––about being unique. Walking through a foggy cemetery might give you a singular feeling––or a feeling that’s odd and peculiar––that ghosts could possibly be real.
WORD FAMILY
singular: singularise, singularity, singularize, singularly, singulars+/ singularity: singularities/singularize: singularizes, singularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The mother is a singular star to her baby, whose gaze follows her around the room with the watchfulness of an obsessive fan.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Washington directs with an ear for Wilson’s singular dialogue as well as a master’s interpretive of Wilson’s complex themes and family dynamics.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. <语>单数的; <正>突出的; 奇特的; 非凡的
n. 单数形式（的词）
→single,单个的，-ular,形容词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
a.非凡的,卓越的;单数的The sinful single singer's finger skin is singular.有罪的单身歌手的手指皮肤独特.
【反】worldly（adj 世间的；世俗的）
US [-lɚ] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED
■of or relating to the form of a word used when talking or writing about one thing 单数（的）
• a singular ending/form/noun/verb 单数词尾／形式／名词／动词
• The word 'woman' is singular. Woman 这个单词是单数形式。
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
NOTICEABLE 引人注意的
[before noun] formal
■of an unusual quality or standard; noticeable 特别的；引人注意的
• It was a building of singular grace and beauty. 这栋建筑物非常雅致、漂亮。
• He showed a singular lack of skill in painting. 他非常欠缺绘画技巧。
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的 formal
■unusual or strange; not ordinary 特别的，奇特的
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun only singular
 ADVANCED
■the form of a word used when talking or writing about one thing 单数的
• The singular of 'children' is 'child'. children 的单数形式是 child。
• The word 'teeth' is plural - in the singular it's 'tooth'. 单词 teeth 是复数形式——单数形式是 tooth。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 单数的；单一的；非凡的； [数] 异常的
 - remarkable, extraordinary, novel, wonder, exquisite

Word: hypocrisy
Front: hypocrisy
[hɪˈpɒkrəsi] (研 9213/10088 -1)
Vocabulary: hypocrisy
(once / 712 pages)
n
People who go to church but don't believe in god? People who are vegetarians on a moral basis but wear leather jackets? They are engaging in hypocrisy, or behavior that is different from what they say they believe.
A hypocrite is a person who practices hypocrisy: what they say is not what they do. The noun hypocrisy descends from the Greek hypokrisis "acting on a stage," from hypokrinesthai "to play a part, pretend," from the prefix hypo- "under" plus krinein "to judge." Many times kids are enraged by their parents' hypocrisy when parents make their children follow rules they don't follow themselves.
WORD FAMILY
hypocrisy: hypocrisies, hypocritical +/ hypocritical: hypocritically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The political consequences are that it reduces U.S. leverage because of the perceived hypocrisy. The moral case is drastically undermined.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
I think it's the hypocrisy he dresses himself in that irked me most.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
He accused conservatives of hypocrisy, saying they decry political correctness from liberals but act offended about issues such as the secularization of the Christmas holiday.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 伪善，虚伪
分布：伪善(100%)
→来自希腊语hypokrisis,舞台表演，演戏，来自hypo-,在下，-kris,分开，筛选，评论，词源同crisis,critic.来自于古希腊时期的一种舞台表演形式，即边说边紧跟着发表看法，评论或进行阐释，引申词义表演，演戏。现义伪善，虚伪义可能来自于此，或来自hypo-,下面，欠缺，-kris,评论，观点，即不敢发表观点和看法的，掩饰真实情感的，引申词义伪善，虚伪。
伪善(hypo[hypo-表示"下面,次等"]+crisy)[crit,cris=judge,discern,表示"判断,分辨"]
n.伪善,虚伪We were cheated by his hypocrisy.我们都被他的伪善欺骗了.
US [-'pɑ:.krə-] noun uncountable disapproving
 ADVANCED
■when someone pretends to believe something that they do not really believe or that is the opposite of what they do or say at another time 虚伪，伪善
• There's one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it's sheer hypocrisy. 对她是一种标准，而对所有其他人却是另一种标准，这是彻头彻尾的虚伪。
n. 虚伪；伪善
 - untruthfulness, falsity

Word: federally
Front: federally
['fɛdərəli] (9203/37509)
Back: adv. 同盟地; 联邦地; 联邦政府地; 在联邦政府一级
分布：联邦地(38%)，同盟地(37%)，联邦政府地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
联邦的;联邦制的
A federal country or system of government is one in which the different states or provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions.
例：Five of the six provinces are to become autonomous regions in a new federal system of government.在新的联邦政府体制中，6 省中的 5 个将成为自治区。
ADJ-GRADED
中央集权式的;集权式联邦制的
Some people use federal to describe a system of government which they disapprove of, in which the different states or provinces are controlled by a strong central government.
例：He does not believe in a federal Europe with centralising powers.他认为一个集权式联邦制在欧洲是不可行的。
ADJ
归属联邦政府的;与联邦政府有关的
Federal also means belonging or relating to the national government of a federal country rather than to one of the states within it.
例：The federal government controls just 6% of the education budget.联邦政府仅掌控 6％的教育预算。
例：...a federal judge.联邦法官
N-COUNT
同fed
Federals are the same as feds .

Word: amused
Front: amused
[əˈmju:zd] (9194/6617 -K1)
Vocabulary: amused
(once / 299 pages)
adj
The word amused means "pleasantly occupied" or "entertained.” If you love dogs, you’ll be amused just watching puppies frolic in the park all day. If you love everything, you’re easily amused.
Amuse comes from the Middle French word amuser, meaning "to divert the attention, beguile, delude." If on a boring rainy afternoon, you amused everyone, you entertained everyone, probably making them laugh. If you were ever told, "I'm not amused," however, this goes beyond not finding something funny — that person might be angry and offended at something you said or did.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amuse / bemuse
People often use the word bemuse when they mean amuse, but to amuse is to entertain, and to bemuse is to confuse. In Alice in Wonderland, the White Rabbit amuses Alice as he frolics, but then the Cheshire Cat bemuses her when he tells her to go two directions at once.
To amuse someone is to make them laugh or otherwise keep their attention. It's often used in the negative — if someone says that a joke does not amuse her, duck before you get slapped. In the movie Goodfellas, a tough guy says darkly, "...I'm a clown? Do I amuse you?" Here are friendlier examples:
There's nothing spellbinding left to amuse our children. (Forbes)
This was fashion as theater and an often amusing way to end Paris Fashion Week. (New York Times)
To bemuse is to confuse or muddle, and it's almost always in the form bemused. It sounds like that other word, but it's not as fun to be bemused. These examples get it right:
Another father seemed bemused that his son had been taken in by the police after he went for a walk on Saturday.  (BBC)
In the past, reviews of Bosco's dazzlingly vivid apparel and sneakers have ranged from admiring to bemused to scathing. (New York Times)
The passengers, bemused at first, were quickly won over once they realized who was performing. (Time)
It's no wonder people get them mixed up — both words are derived from the French word "muse." It's just like a French muse to entertain and confuse us all in the same root word.
WORD FAMILY
amused: amusedly+/ amuse: amused, amusement, amuses, amusing, amusive/ amusement: amusements/ amusing: amusingest, amusingly/amusive: amusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ones who do show up, especially before Dec. 8, seemed to be more amused by the temptation of free chicken.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
More amused than chastened, Mills said, “It’s two captains with one boat.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Amused onlookers posted photos of the sign on social media.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 被逗笑的; 愉快的; 顽皮的
v. “amuse”的过去式和过去分词
分布：愉快的(37%)，顽皮的(32%)，被逗乐的(26%)，觉得好笑的(5%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■showing that you think something is funny 被逗乐的；感到好笑的
• an amused smile 开心的微笑
• She was very amused by/at your comments. 她被你的话逗得很开心。
keep sb amused
■to keep someone interested and help them to have an enjoyable time 使（某人）快乐；给（某人）消遣
• Toddlers don't need expensive toys and games to keep them amused. 蹒跚学步的幼儿不需要甚么昂贵的玩具和高档的消遣就能够玩得很开心。
[ə'mju:zd] adjective
be not amused
■to be annoyed 恼怒；生气
• I told Helena about what had happened and she was not amused. 我把发生的事情告诉了海伦娜，她听了很恼火。
adj. 愉快的，顽皮的；被逗乐的
 - good, bright, fragrant, cheerful

Word: autism
Front: autism
[ˈɔ:tɪzəm] (9199/45761)
Vocabulary: autism
(once / 4130 pages)
n
Autism is a neurological condition that's marked by differences in learning styles, passionate interests in specific subjects, repetitive motion, and sometimes difficulty with language and communication.
The word autism is taken directly from the Greek root auto, meaning “self.” Because autistic people may display a wide variety of characteristics, autism is defined as a range of conditions, known as the autism spectrum. This spectrum varies from those who have a hard time with social interaction to people who aren't able to speak. In some cases, autism is a diagnosis given by a doctor, while in others it's embraced by a person who self-identifies as autistic. A person who has autism is described as autistic.
WORD FAMILY
autism: autisms, autistic +/ autistic: autistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no link between vaccines and autism.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
New research is showing that female children with autism often display unique traits, leading many to be misdiagnosed.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 孤独症，自我中心主义
分布：自闭症(62%)，孤独症(38%)
US ['ɑ:.tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
■a failure to develop social abilities, language and other communication skills to the usual level 孤独症；自闭症
• Autism is four times more common in boys than in girls. 男孩子患自闭症的发病率是女孩子的四倍。

Word: overt
Front: overt
[əʊˈvɜ:t] (六托雅宝 9229/7860 -1)
Vocabulary: overt
(once / 3305 pages)
adj
Overt means open and done in plain sight. An overt attempt to get your teacher off-track might fail. Instead, try asking subtle questions about her kids, and she'll stay off topic all class.
If you speak French, remember that overt is the same as the French ouvert "open." If you don't speak French, give up all hope of ever learning this word. Just kidding –– forgive the overt attempt at humor. English speakers, here's your trick for remembering the difference between overt and covert: overt = "open," covert = "covered."
WORD FAMILY
overt: overtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, Gilbert & Sullivan operettas draw much of their comedy from overt references to their own artifice.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Trump’s win and Clinton’s loss simply represented millions of voters’ failure to confront misogyny, however latent or overt.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Overt, unsanctioned religious activities are a very different matter.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 明显的; 公然的; 公开的; 阳
分布：公开的(49%)，明显的(37%)，公然的(14%)
→来自拉丁语aperire,打开，揭露，来自ap-wer,打开，来自*ap,离开，词源同前缀ab-,*wer,覆盖，关闭，保护，词源同warranty,cover,aperture.即打开的，引申词义公开的，明显的。
【记】over打开，t他一公开的；参：covert（adj 隐蔽的）
【参】overtake（v 赶上）
【反】shadowy（adj 有阴影的）
US [oʊ'vɝ:t] adjective
■done or shown publicly or in an obvious way; not secret 公开的；明显的；毫不隐瞒的
• overt criticism 公开的批评
• overt racism 公然的种族歧视
• He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness. 他没有明显表现出不高兴。
Compare covert
adj. 明显的；公然的；蓄意的
 - obvious, distinct, visible, declared, evident

Word: covered
Front: covered
[ˈkʌvəd] (9218/11221 -K1)
Back: adj. 大量的; 有遮盖物的，（尤指）有顶的
v. 覆盖( cover的过去式和过去分词); 掩护; 包括
分布：有屋顶的(60%)，被覆盖的(20%)，动词cover的过去式及过去分词.(20%)
ADJ
有顶的
A covered area is an area that has a roof.
例：There are 40 shops, cafes and restaurants in a covered mall.这家室内购物中心里有40家商店、咖啡馆和饭店。
adj. 覆盖了的；隐蔽着的；有屋顶的
 - cleithral, clithral
v. 覆盖；包括；掩护（cover的过去分词）
 - overlaid, wrapped

Word: belongings
Front: belongings
[bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] (宝 9215/9835 -1)
Back: n. 动产; 财物; 家眷; 亲属
分布：东西(52%)，财产(35%)，所有物(11%)，物件(2%)
US [-'lɑ:ŋ-] plural noun
 IMPROVER
■the things that a person owns, especially those which can be carried 拥有物；行李
• I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time. 我把几件私人物品放进袋子里，永别了那所房子。
n. [经] 财产，所有物；亲戚
 - estate, property, treasure, possession, worth

Word: Iranian
Front: Iranian
[ɪ'reɪnɪən] (4994/6308)
Back: n. 伊朗人；伊朗语
adj. 伊朗的；伊朗人的；伊朗语的
分布：伊朗的(53%)，伊朗人(33%)，伊朗人的(7%)，伊朗语(5%)，伊朗语的(2%)
noun countable adjective
■Iranian 伊朗人／伊朗的

Word: hatch
Front: hatch
[hætʃ] (高研四六托雅宝 7365/7882 -2)
Vocabulary: hatch
(once / 522 pages)
1n 2vn 3vn
A bird such as a hen that sits on eggs to incubate them can be said to hatch the eggs. Then, when the chick emerges from the egg, you can also say it hatched.
Humans don't hatch eggs like birds do, but they can still incubate and then hatch a plan, invention, or idea. You may hatch a plan to surprise a friend for her thirtieth birthday party, but to ensure you don't end up with egg on your face, you should verify your friend isn't actually twenty-nine for the third year in a row! As a noun, a hatch is a trapdoor or other opening in the floor, ceiling, or wall that allows access.
WORD FAMILY
hatch: hatched, hatchery, hatches, hatching+/hatched: unhatched/hatchery: hatcheries/hatching: hatchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the time and price were right, bankers would seek to match the tech giants with a start-up, and a deal would be hatched.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The finding suggests that, at least in terms of hatch times, dinosaurs were more like modern reptiles than birds.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
They are pushed by currents away from the reefs on which they were hatched for days or weeks until they learn to swim.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 孵化; 孵出，破壳而出
vt. 秘密策划，（尤指）密谋; 使（小鸟、小鱼、小虫等）孵出
n. （船甲板或飞机底部装货物的）舱口; 开口; （飞机或宇宙飞船的）舱门; （尤指厨房和餐厅之间供传递食物的）两室之间的小窗口
时态：hatched, hatching, hatches
分布：孵(47%)，孵化(41%)，孵出(8%)，策划(4%)
→词源不详。hatch 舱门，盖子
v.孵,孵出;策划,图谋n.舱口,小门The watchful snatcher dispatched a batch of combatants to the hatch.密切注意的绑架者发送一批战士到舱口盖.
verb
EGG 蛋
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out 孵出；孵蛋；出壳
[hætʃ] verb
PLAN 计划
transitive
■to make a plan, especially a secret plan 策划（尤指秘密计划）
• It was in August of 1978 that the Bolton brothers hatched their plot to kill their parents. 那是在1978年的8月，博尔顿兄弟策划了杀害他们父母的计划。
[hætʃ] noun countable (also hatchway)
■an opening through a wall, floor, etc., or the cover for it （墙、地板等上的）开口；活板门；盖子
• an escape hatch 逃生出口
• a serving hatch 上菜窗口
[hætʃ] noun countable (also hatchway)
Down the hatch! informal saying
■said before swallowing a drink, especially an alcoholic one 干杯！
n. 孵化； [船] [航] 舱口
 - incubation
vt. [动] 孵；策划
 - engineer, scheme
vi. 孵化
 - incubate

Word: mourning
Front: mourning
[ˈmɔ:nɪŋ] (托 9222/11743 -1)
Vocabulary: mourning
(once / 452 pages)
nadj
Mourning is a time of sadness because of a loss. When you're in mourning after a loved one dies, it is good to lean on your friends who understand why you are so sad.
Mourning is an expression of grief or a time of grieving that follows a loved one's death or other serious loss. Depression, confusion, even losing interest in friends and social activities all can occur when someone is in mourning. An old-fashioned meaning of mourning is specifically the black clothing people traditionally wear following a death. Don't confuse mourning with morning, the early part of the day.
WORD FAMILY
mourning: mourningly, mournings+/ mourn: mourned, mourner, mournful, mourning, mourns/mourned: unmourned/ mourner: mourners/ mournful: mournfulest, mournfully, mournfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They used hand grenades and machine gun and transformed their celebration to mourning.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This year, the air of mourning is concentrated in three impressive movies.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Fisher’s literary legacy seemed to offer some solace to fans mourning her death this week, at age 60.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 悲痛，哀悼; 戴孝; 服丧期
分布：悲痛(80%)，孝服(10%)，服丧期(10%)
US ['mɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■great sadness felt because someone has died 哀痛；哀悼
• Shops will be closed today as a sign of mourning for the king. 为了表达对国王的哀悼之情，商店今天关门停业一天。
• He was in mourning for his wife. 他正在为妻子服丧。
■the usually black clothes that are worn in some countries as an expression of sadness about someone's death 丧服
■a loud crying that people in some countries make when someone dies 恸哭（某些国家的人为哀悼死者而作的大声痛哭）
• The mourning could be heard all day and all night. 恸哭声终日可闻。

Word: guru
Front: guru
[ˈgʊru:] (宝 8024/15665 -1)
Vocabulary: guru
(once / 6466 pages)
n
A guru is a spiritual teacher and leader, particularly in the Hindu and Buddhist traditions. It has been said that your guru will find you when you are ready for your study — your journey — to begin.
The noun guru is a Sanskrit word which also means “weighty,” or “grave.” A guru might teach you about meditation and compassion, or how to life your life according to certain precepts and truths. There is also another kind of guru — an expert leader in any field. You can be a guru of accounting or even of pizza-making if you are very good at it and can guide others to greater understanding.
WORD FAMILY
guru: gurus
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hagar said she’s learned from the gongs that she doesn’t need to travel far, or find a guru, in order to heal.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
One of the guest speakers, a self-described “technology guru” for the then-fledgling Clinton administration gleefully informed us that we were all dinosaurs.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 领袖; 专家; 权威; 个人的宗教教师[指导]
分布：专家(58%)，领袖(42%)
→来自梵语，来自gwere, 重，词源同gravity, gravitation. 原指印度教的得道者，修行高深之人，后词义通用化。
noun countable
■a religious leader or teacher in the Hindu or Sikh religion 古鲁（印度教或锡克教的宗教导师或领袖）
■informal
■a person skilled in something who gives advice （精通某一领域并给出专业建议的）专家，权威，大师
• a management guru 管理界泰斗
• a lifestyle guru 生活专家
n. 古鲁（指印度教等宗教的宗师或领袖）；领袖；专家
 - expert, specialist

Word: backer
Front: backer
[ˈbækə(r)] (9207/12387 -1)
Back: n. 支持者，赞助者; （打字机的）垫纸; （赛马等的）赌客
分布：衬料(50%)，援助者(50%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who gives financial support to something 资助人，赞助人
• We need financial backers for the project. 我们需要有人资助这项工程。
n. 支持者；赞助人；援助者
 - advocate, supporter

Word: outpost
Front: outpost
[ˈaʊtpəʊst] (9214/14644 -1)
Vocabulary: outpost
(once / 1086 pages)
n
An outpost is a camp or station that's somewhat isolated. A military outpost acts as a guard or defense against an enemy's attack on the larger military force.
Whenever a small group of people sets up a camp at a distance from the main, larger organization (whether it's military or not), you can call their settlement an outpost. Explorers in the early days of the US set up outposts throughout the West, and many countries establish outposts near their borders with hostile neighbors — encampments for keeping an eye on them. The first written use of outpost is usually ascribed to George Washington.
WORD FAMILY
outpost: outposts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s Knesset is on the verge of legalizing what were once illegal outposts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Louis Cardin was killed by a rocket attack March 19 while he was stationed at an artillery outpost south of Mosul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There is an even bigger building boom a few miles east, in Bruchin, one of three outposts retroactively legalized in 2012 at the government’s prodding.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
Back: n. 前哨; 警戒部队; 前哨基地; 边区村落
分布：前哨(83%)，前哨基地(9%)，警戒部队(6%)，偏远居民区(2%)
→out-,向外，post,岗哨。
US [-poʊst] noun countable
■a place, especially a small group of buildings or a town, which keeps going the authority or business interests of a government or company that is far away 前哨基地；驻外办事处；（组织的）边远分部
• a police/military/colonial outpost 边远地区的员警哨所／军事前哨基地／殖民地时期的边远居民点
■a rare example of something that is disappearing 濒临绝迹的事物
• Free jazz has been described as the last outpost of modernism. 自由爵士乐被称为现代主义最后的表现。
n. 前哨；警戒部队；边区村落
 - pale, vaunt-courier

Word: captive
Front: captive
[ˈkæptɪv] (研四六雅 9226/11324 -2)
Vocabulary: captive
(once / 188 pages)
nadj
A captive is something that has been captured and can’t escape, like a prisoner of war or a panda in a zoo.
To be captured on the battlefield, and held captive is not so great, but captive doesn’t always describe things that are completely bad, like its synonym, hostage. If you fall in love you might say your heart is being held captive. Ideas that entrance you could be called captivating. Sometimes endangered animals are brought into captivity in order to breed larger populations, and then released into the wild.
WORD FAMILY
captive: captivate, captives, captivity +/ captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation/ captivating: captivatingly/captivation: captivations/ captivity: captivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He fathered nearly a quarter of the world’s captive pandas.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Formerly captive nations freed from Soviet control seemed eager to embrace liberal democracy, capitalism - and substantial subsidies - from their wealthier neighbors.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Formerly captive nations freed from Soviet control seemed eager to embrace liberal democracy, capitalism — and substantial subsidies — from their wealthier neighbors.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 被俘的; 被监禁的; 被关押的; 无法逃离的
n. 战俘，俘虏; 被（爱情等）迷住的人; 自保公司
分布：俘虏(64%)，被俘的(19%)，被迷住的(11%)，迷恋者(6%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，拿，握，见captive。
俘虏[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
俘虏(capt抓住)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
n.俘虏a.被俘虏的,被监禁的The captive captivated by the apt adaptation rapped the cavity with rapture.被灵巧的改编迷住了的被捕者着迷地敲打空腔.
noun countable
■a person or animal whose ability to move or act freely is limited by being closed in a space; a prisoner, especially a person held by the enemy during a war 囚徒；猎获物；（尤指）战俘
• When the town was recaptured, we found soldiers who had been captives for several years. 夺回该镇后，我们找到了被俘数年的士兵。
hold/take sb captive
■to keep someone as a prisoner or make someone a prisoner 囚禁／俘虏（某人）
• The terrorists were holding several British diplomats captive. 恐怖分子扣押了数名英国外交官。
convict, captive, prisoner
这组词都有“囚犯、俘虏”的意思，其区别是：
convict: 指经判决而在狱中服刑的人。
captive: 指战争中抓到的俘虏，也可作引申用。
prisoner: 指关入监狱的囚犯，包括战俘，也可作引申用。
adj. 被俘虏的；被迷住的
 - spellbound
n. 俘虏；迷恋者
 - prisoner

Word: wedge
Front: wedge
[wedʒ] (研六雅 6257/8502 -2)
Vocabulary: wedge
(once / 925 pages)
nv
A wedge is a block of wood that keeps a door propped open, or a problem that pulls people apart, like the jealousy that drove a wedge between two friends.
Wedge means "triangle-shaped." Pieces of pie are wedges. So are tortilla chips. In some parts of the country, a sandwich on a long roll is called a wedge, or a wedgie, while in other places, it's a hoagie or sub. Just about everywhere, the wedge you get in the schoolyard means your underwear are pulled up between your butt cheeks, which is consistent with the verb form of wedge: to squeeze into a tight space.
WORD FAMILY
wedge: wedged, wedges, wedging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Frank Stephenson says he was fixing heaters on the bus when he found the wallet wedged under one of the heaters.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For Obama, Russia is thus a uniquely effective wedge issue, with the potential to divide the president-elect from his party.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Cut each round into 6 wedges, to create a total of 24 wedges.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 楔; 楔形物; （击高尔夫球的）楔形铁头球棒; 〈比喻〉可以逐渐扩大作用的开端
vt. 楔入; 用楔子楔牢; 挤进
vi. 楔入; 挤进
时态：wedged, wedging, wedges
分布：楔子(58%)，楔形物(17%)，挤进(10%)，嵌(9%)，楔住(6%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*wagjaz,楔子，来自wegh,移动，运送，词源同way,wehicle。用于指楔子，拼写受dge影响，比较bridge,judge,knowledge.
n.楔,楔形vt.楔牢,楔入,挤进He wedged himself through the narrow window.他从狭窄的窗户中挤了过去.
noun
SHAPE 形状
countable
■a piece of metal, wood, rubber, etc. with a pointed edge at one end and a wide edge at the other, which is either pushed between two objects to keep them still or forced into something to break pieces off it （金属、木头或橡胶等制成的）楔子，三角木
• Push a wedge under the door to keep it open while we're carrying the boxes in. 在门底下塞一个楔子让门敞开着，我们好往里面搬箱子。
• Pieces of stone can be split off by forcing wedges between the layers. 在层与层之间入楔子可以把一块块石头凿开。
countable
■a triangular-shaped piece, especially of food 楔形物，三角形物（尤指食物）
• Auntie Ann put a huge wedge of fruit cake on my plate. 安姨妈把一大块三角形的水果蛋糕放在我盘子里。
• a wedge of cheese 一块三角形的起司
[wedʒ] noun
SHOES 鞋
wedges [plural]
■women's shoes with a heel all the way under the shoe 有鞋跟的女鞋
[wedʒ] verb transitive
■to make something stay in a particular position by using a wedge 用楔子楔住，楔牢
• [+ adj] Find something to wedge the window open/closed with. 找个甚么东西楔住窗户，让它开着／关紧。
■to put something into a very small or narrow space, so that it cannot move easily 把某物置于狭小空间内使其不易动弹
• Her shoe came off and got wedged between the bars. 她的鞋掉了下来，卡在栏杆中间。
• I was standing waiting for a bus, wedged between (= fixed between and unable to move away from) two old ladies and their bags of shopping. 我正站着等公共汽车，夹在两位上了年纪的女士和她们的购物袋中间，动弹不得。
vt. 楔入；挤进；楔住
 - edge in, key on
vi. 楔入；挤进
 - edge in, key on
n. 楔子；楔形物；导致分裂的东西
 - cleat

Word: textual
Front: textual
[ˈtekstʃuəl] (9231/10731)
Vocabulary: textual
(once / 10844 pages)
adj
Anything textual has to do with writing. A textual analysis, comparison, or interpretation, has something to do with what is in a particular piece of writing (or text).
Textual comes from the Latin word textualis, the adjective form of textus, ("text"). If you see the word, it is always related to some written material. This word is most commonly used in the study of religion, literature, philosophy, or the law — any field requiring the careful examination of various texts. A textual tattoo is one that features writing instead of an image.
WORD FAMILY
textual: textually+/ text: texts, textual
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are some musical and textual differences, especially the last three, four pages.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Falstaff’s intricate wit is perhaps better suited to the kind of textual explication Sher specializes in.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
It’s America’s paper trail, wide open for anyone to see, textual government transparency in action.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 正文的，版本的，原文的
分布：本文的(66%)，原文的(34%)
→来自 text,文本，篇章，-al,形容词后缀。
US [-tʃu-] adjective
■relating to written or printed material 文本的；原文的；正文的
■related to the way in which something has been written 文本结构的
• textual analysis 文本分析

Word: cartel
Front: cartel
[kɑ:ˈtel] (9233/10600 -2)
Vocabulary: cartel
(once / 2483 pages)
n
When groups band together to control the supply of a product for their best interests, that’s called a cartel. If you and the other kids running lemonade stands form a cartel, you can force up the price of lemonade.
The word cartel originally referred to political parties that joined forces to promote a common cause. Over the years, cartel took on a decidedly negative connotation, and now it’s more likely to describe organizations that join together to limit supply of a product to force prices to remain high. You might read about an international drug cartel or a cartel of natural gas producers. To correctly pronounce the word cartel, put the accent on the second syllable: “car TEL.”
WORD FAMILY
cartel: cartels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mendieta is a classic pulp detective: hapless, tough and driven, kind of corrupt but the only cop around not on the cartel’s payroll.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Fentanyl is increasingly being manufactured by Mexican drug cartels, according to the D.E.A., or is cooked up in labs in the United States.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In 2013, he was sentenced to 15 years for providing sensitive law enforcement information to drug cartels.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <经>卡特尔，企业联合
分布：卡特尔(95%)，联合企业(3%)，俘虏交换条约书(2%)
→词源同card, chart.代指在纸上签署的合作协议。
US [kɑ:r-] noun countable
■a group of similar independent companies who join together to control prices and limit competition （多家公司为控制价格和限制竞争联合组成的）卡特尔，同业联盟
• an oil cartel 石油卡特尔
n. 卡特尔；企业联合；垄断联盟；俘虏交换条约
 - kartell

Word: opposite
Front: opposite
[ˈɒpəzɪt] (高研四六托雅 2222/2574 -K3)
Vocabulary: opposite
(once / 81 pages)
1adjadv 2adjn
Oh no! That crazy man is back again and coming right towards us! Quick! Run in the opposite direction! Go the other way!
Opposite is an adjective that describes something found on the exact other side of a space—or even an idea. You say "black," I say "white": we're on opposite sides of the debate. You might notice the similarity of opposite to the nouns opponent and opposition or to the verb oppose. An opponent is someone you are matched against. To help remember opposite, think of a tennis match: two players oppose each other from opposite ends of the court.
WORD FAMILY
opposite: oppositely, oppositeness, opposites, oppositive
USAGE EXAMPLES
As with so many things, it looks just the opposite to the settlers.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
When the study was conducted on Italian participants, the opposite was found: Italians perceived the person with a life of leisure as high-status.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“Before it was about large quantities, and small margins. Now it’s the opposite,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 相对的; 对面的; 对立的; [数学]（顶、边等）对的
prep. （表示位置）在…的对面; [数学]（顶、边等）对的; 与…在一排; （表示方式）与…联合主演
adv. 在对面，对过
n. 对立面，对立物，相反的人[事物]
分布：相反的(54%)，对面的(27%)，对立的(10%)，对手(5%)，演对手戏(2%)，对立物(1%)，处于相反位置地(1%)
→来自oppose,反对，-ite,形容词后缀。即反对的，对立的。
相对的(op对+pos+ite→放到对面→相对的)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
a.对面的,相对的,相反的n.对立面Suppose you were exposed in the opposite position by your opponent, …假设你被对手暴露在相反的位置,....
US ['ɑ:.pə-] adjective
DIFFERENT 不同的
 ESSENTIAL
■completely different 全然不同的；迥异的；截然相反的
• You'd never know they're sisters - they're completely opposite to each other in every way. 你怎样也不会知道她们是姐妹——她们各方面都全然不同。
• Police attempts to calm the violence had the opposite effect. 警方试图平息暴力活动，却适得其反。
UK ['ɒp.ə.zɪt] US ['ɑ:.pə-] adjective
FACING 对面的
 ESSENTIAL
■being in a position on the other side; facing 另一边的；相反的；对面的
• My brother and I live on opposite sides of London. 我哥哥和我住在伦敦两个方向相反的区。
• The map on the opposite page shows where these birds commonly breed. 对页上的地图表明这些鸟一般在甚么地方交配繁殖。
• They sat at opposite ends of the table (to/from each other), refusing to talk. 他们坐在桌子的两端，彼此互不理睬。
 ESSENTIAL
■facing the speaker or stated person or thing （在说话者、所指的人或物）对面的
• If you want to buy tickets, you need to go to the counter opposite. 如果想买票，你要去对面的柜台。
• Who owns that shop opposite (= on the other side of the road) ? 对面那家店的店主是谁？
UK ['ɒp.ə.zɪt] US ['ɑ:.pə-] preposition
 ESSENTIAL
■in a position facing someone or something but on the other side 与…相对；在…对面
• We're in the building opposite the government offices. 我们身处正对着政府办公楼的大楼里。
• They sat opposite each other. 他们面对面坐。
• Put a tick opposite (= next to) the answer that you think is correct. 在你认为正确的答案旁边打个勾。
act/play/star opposite sb
■to act a part in a film or play with someone as a partner （在电影或戏剧中）与（某人）联袂演出，与（某人）合演
• Katharine Hepburn played opposite Henry Fonda in many films. 凯瑟琳‧赫本在许多电影中与亨利‧方达联袂演出。
UK ['ɒp.ə.zɪt] US ['ɑ:.pə-] noun [C often singular]
 IMPROVER
■something or someone that is completely different from another person or thing 对立的物（或人）；对立面；反面
• My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the opposite. 我父亲是个非常沉着的人，而我母亲则正好相反。
• She's turned out to be the exact opposite of what everyone expected. 结果表明她是一个和大家的期盼恰恰相反的人。
• The opposite of 'fast' is 'slow'. fast（快）的反义词是 slow（慢）。
• They always say opposites attract. 他们总是说相异相吸。
UK ['ɒp.ə.zɪt] US ['ɑ:.pə-] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■in a position facing someone or something but on the other side 与…相对；在…对面
• She asked the man sitting opposite whether he'd mind if she opened the window. 她问坐在对面的那位男子是否介意她打开窗子。
• The people who live opposite (= on the other side of the road) are always making a lot of noise. 住在马路对面的人总是制造很多噪音。
opponent, opposite, original, origin
opponent: 反对者
opposite: 相反的
original: 原创
origin: 起源
reverse, opposite, converse, contrary, adverse
这组词都有“相反的，对立的”的意思，其区别是：
reverse: 指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。
opposite: 指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。
converse: 指在方向、行动或意见上相反的。
contrary: 一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，隐含否定一方并不意味着肯定另一方的意味。
adverse: 通常指违害利益的、无生命的势力或条件等，侧重分歧。
opposite, contrary, otherwise, unlikely
opposite: adj 相反的，相对的，对面的；
contrary: adj 相反的，矛盾的，对抗的；
otherwise: 可做adv，意为“不同的，不那样的”；
unlikely: adj 不大可能的
adj. 相反的； [植] 对面的；对立的
 - contrary, adverse, counter, against, cross
n. 对立面；反义词
 - antithesis, antonym
adv. 在对面
 - across

Word: curly
Front: curly
[ˈkɜ:li] (六雅 9234/10308 -K1)
Vocabulary: curly
(once / 988 pages)
adj
Something that's curly is wavy, coiled, or spiral-shaped. While you might envy your friend's straight, shiny hair, she may be equally envious of your wild, curly hair.
You can add curly ribbons to a plain package to dress it up, or buy kale in different varieties, including one with curly leaves. You're most likely to use the adjective curly, however, to describe someone's hair, if it falls in ringlets. Curly comes from curl, which was originally crulle, probably from the Middle Dutch word krul, "curly."
WORD FAMILY
curly: curlier, curliest, curliness+/ curl: curled, curler, curling, curls, curly, uncurl/curler: curlers/curling: curlingly, curlings/uncurl: uncurled, uncurling, uncurls
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A good-looking kid with curly hair. He was just too sweet. I didn’t want to crush him.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Favorites include wild arugula, “Freckles” romaine and “Red Sails” curly leaf.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Eaton wore his new jersey with the curly W and a red No. 2 on it.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 有卷发的，长卷毛的; （木材）有皱状纹理的; 蜷缩的; （植物）有卷叶病的
级别：curlier, curliest
分布：卷曲的(100%)
US ['kɝ:-] adjective
■having curls or a curved shape 卷曲的
• He has blond curly hair. 他有一头金色鬈发。
• These pigs all have curly tails. 这些猪都是卷尾巴。
adj. 卷曲的；卷毛的；（木材）有皱状纹理的；蜷缩的
 - frizzy

Word: Martian
Front: Martian
['mɑː(r)ʃ(ə)n] (9211/24406)
Back: adj. 火星的
n. 火星人
分布：火星人(64%)，火星的(36%)
→来自Mars,战神，火星。
US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
■a creature, usually appearing in films and books, who is believed to come from Mars （通常出现于电影和书中的）火星人

Word: back
Front: back
[bæk] (中高雅 108/105 -K5)
Vocabulary: back
(once / 7 pages)
1nvadjadv 2advadj 3v 4v
Your back is your spine, or the rear part of your whole body. When you lie on the grass on your back, you can watch the clouds in the sky above you.
There are dozens of ways to use the word back. You might have back pain, or stroke your cat's back. Your clothing also has a back, and you have a figurative back: "Get off my back, Mom!" You could request a table at the back of a restaurant and then lean against the back of your chair. You can also "answer back," or reply, or choose to back a friend's fundraising project — give her money, in other words.
WORD FAMILY
back: backed, backer, backing, backless, backmost, backs+/backed: unbacked/backer: backers/backing: backings
USAGE EXAMPLES
North Carolina twice cut the deficit back to single digits down the stretch but got no closer than seven.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the interrogators hit back, telling the activist his friends and colleagues were turning against him.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 背，背部; 背面，反面; 后面，后部; （椅子等的）靠背
vt. 使后退; 支持; 加背书于; 下赌注于
vi. 后退; 倒退
adj. 背部的; 后面的; 以前的; 拖欠的
adv. 以前; 向后地
时态：backed, backing, backs
分布：后退(24%)，后面(15%)，支持(15%)，后面的(11%)，后卫(10%)，向后的(7%)，靠背(7%)，向后地(5%)，背脊(3%)，后背(2%)，积欠的(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自拉丁词bacilum, 杆，指脊柱，竖背。与ridge, 山脊，横背相对应。
a.后面的ad.向后v.倒退;支持n.背;后面Someone patted me on the back.有人在我背上轻轻地拍了一下.
adverb
RETURN 返回
 ESSENTIAL
■in, into or towards a previous place or condition, or an earlier time 在原处；回到原处；恢复原状；返回；回到以前
• When you take the scissors, remember to put them back. 用完剪刀后，记着要放回原处。
• He left a note saying 'Gone out. Back soon'. 他留了字条，上面写著「出去一会儿，马上回来”。
• She went to America for two years, but now she's back (= has returned). 她在美国住了两年，现在回来了。
• He looked back (= looked behind him) and saw they were following him. 他回头看了看，发现他们正跟着他。
• Looking at her old photographs brought back (= made her remember) a lot of memories. 她看着旧照片，想起了许多的往事。
• I was woken by a thunderstorm, and I couldn't get back to sleep (= could not return to sleep). 我被雷雨弄醒后，再也无法入睡。
• The last time we saw Lowell was back (= at an earlier time) in January. 我们最后一次见到罗威尔是在一月初的时候。
• This tradition dates back to (= to the earlier time of) the 16th century. 这个传统可以追溯到16世纪。
 ESSENTIAL
■in return 作为回报
• If he hits me, I'll hit him back. 如果他打我，我会还手。
• You're not just going to let her say those things about you without fighting back, are you? 她那样说你，你不会就此算了吧？
 ESSENTIAL
■in reply 作为答覆
• I'm busy at the moment - can I call you back? 我现在很忙——再回电话给你好吗？
• I wrote to Donna several months ago, but she hasn't written back yet. 我几个月前写过信给唐娜，但她还未回覆。
[bæk] adverb
FURTHER AWAY 远离
 ESSENTIAL
■further away in distance 向后；远离
• If we push the table back against the wall, we'll have more room. 如果把桌子往后推至墙边，就可腾出更多空间。
• "Keep back!" he shouted, "Don't come any closer!" “退后！”他大叫着，“不要再走近我！”
• He sat back on the sofa. 他向后靠坐在沙发上。
• She threw back her head and laughed uproariously. 她仰起头，笑个不停。
• The house is set back from the road. 那座房子离公路很远。
[bæk] adverb
back and forth
■moving first in one direction and then in the opposite one 来回地，来来回回
• She swayed gently back and forth to the music. 她随着音乐的节奏轻轻地来回摇摆着。
[bæk] adverb
back in the day
■used for talking about a time in the past, usually when you are remembering nice things about that time 曾几何时（尤用于追忆美好往事时）
• Back in the day, we had an apartment with a swimming pool. 曾几何时我们有过一个附带游泳池的公寓。
[bæk] adverb
back to square one
■If you are back to square one, you have to start working on a plan from the beginning because your previous attempt failed completely 从头开始，重新开始
• If this doesn't work we're back to square one. 如果这样行不通，我们只好从头开始。
[bæk] noun countable
FURTHEST PART 后面
 ESSENTIAL
■the inside or outside part of an object, vehicle, building, etc. that is furthest from the front 后面；后部；背面
• He jotted her name down on the back of an envelope. 他在信封背面匆匆记下了她的名字。
• I found my tennis racket at the back of the cupboard. 我在衣柜的最里面找到了我的网球拍。
• We sat at the back of the bus. 我们坐在公车后排的位子。
• Our seats were right at the back of the theatre. 我们的座位正好就在剧院的后排位置。
• "Where's Ted?" "He's UK out/round the back] US out back (= in the area behind the house)." “泰德在哪里？”“他在屋子后面。”
• There is a beautiful garden at the back of / US also in back of (= behind) the house. 房子后面有个漂亮的花园。
• If there's no reply at the front door, come round the back. 如果前门没人应答，就去后门。
• He put his jacket on the back of his chair (= the part of the chair which you put your back against when you sit on it). 他把夹克搭在椅背上。
back to front UK (US backwards)
■with the back part of something where the front should be 前后倒置
• You've put your jumper on back to front. 你的工作服穿反了。
the back of your hand
■the side of your hand that has hair growing on it 手背
[bæk] noun countable
BODY PART 身体部位
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of your body that is opposite to the front, from your shoulders to your bottom 背部，背后
• I've got a bad back. 我背痛。
• Sleeping on a bed that is too soft can be bad for your back. 睡在太软的床会对背部有害。
• He lay on his back, staring at the ceiling. 他仰躺着，眼睛盯着天花板。
• I turned my back (= turned round so that I could not see) while she dressed. 她穿衣服时，我转过身去。
• She put her back out (= caused a serious injury to her back) lifting a box. 她搬箱子时严重扭伤背部。
[bæk] noun countable
SPORT 体育
■(in some sports, such as football or hockey) one of the players in a team who try to stop players from the other team from scoring goals, rather than trying to score goals themselves （足球、曲棍球等运动的）后卫球员 Compare forward
[bæk] noun countable
at/in the back of your mind
■If something is at/in the back of your mind, you intend to do it, but are not actively thinking about it 在潜意识里，下意识地（觉得）
• It's been at the back of my mind to call José for several days now, but I haven't got round to it yet. 这几天我一直打算打电话给乔斯，但至今仍然没有空。
[bæk] noun countable
the back of beyond UK informal
■a place far away from any big town 偏僻之地；边远地方
• They live in some village in the back of beyond. 他们住在某个偏僻的乡村里。
[bæk] noun countable
be on sb's back informal
■to criticize someone several times in an annoying way 多次找（某人）的麻烦；多次批评（某人）
• She's on my back again about those sales figures - I just haven't had a moment to do them. 她又跟我唠叨要那些销售数据——我只是还抽不出时间整理。
[bæk] noun countable
behind sb's back
■If you do something behind someone's back, you do it without them knowing, in a way which is unfair 在（某人）背后；背地里，暗中
• I dread to think what they say about me behind my back. 我不敢想像他们在背后说我甚么。
[bæk] noun countable
could do sth with one arm / hand tied behind their back informal
■If someone could do something with one hand tied behind their back, they can do it very easily 易如反掌（形容可以轻而易举做到某事）
• Her part in the film wasn't very demanding - she could have played it with one hand tied behind her back. 她在戏里的角色难度并不是很高，她能轻而易举地完成。
[bæk] noun countable
get off my back! informal
■used to tell someone to stop criticizing you 别再跟我唠叨！别再数落我了！
• Why don't you get off my back! I'm doing my best. 别在背后唠叨了！我正尽力而为。
[bæk] noun countable
have your back to/against the wall
■to have very serious problems which limit the ways in which you can act 处于绝境
• He owes money to everyone - he's really got his back to the wall now. 他到处借钱——现在真是走投无路了。
[bæk] noun countable
on the back of sth
■soon after an earlier success, and as a result of it 由于（不久前的某项成就）
• The advertising agency secured the contract on the back of their previous successful campaigns. 由于先期的宣传工作富有成效，这家广告公司最终获得了该合约。
[bæk] noun countable
on the back of sb/sth
■by using or taking advantage of someone or something else 利用，叨…的光
• They have carried on their business operations by riding on the back of established firms. 他们一直在叨知名企业的光做生意。
[bæk] noun countable
put/get sb's back up informal
■to annoy someone 惹（某人）生气
• Just ignore him - he's only trying to put your back up. 别理他——他只是在成心惹你生气。
[bæk] verb
SUPPORT 支持
 IMPROVER transitive
■to give support to someone or something with money or words 支持；资助，援助
• The management has refused to back our proposals. 管理层拒不支援我们的提议。
• The horse I backed (= risked money on so that I could win more money if it won a race) came in last. 我投注的那匹马得了最后一名。
[bæk] verb
MOVE AWAY 退后
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to (cause to) move backwards （使）退后；使倒退
• Ann gave up driving when she backed the car into the garage door. 安倒车时撞上了车库大门，于是她从此再也不驾车了。
• Please could you back your car up a few feet so that I can get mine out of the drive? 请你把车往后倒几英尺，让我把车开出车道，好吗？
[bæk] verb
COVER 遮盖
transitive
■to cover the back of something with a material, often to make it stronger or thicker 为某物加背衬使其更加坚固或厚实
• The material is backed with a heavy lining. 这种物料的里补很厚实。
[bæk] verb
back the wrong horse
■to make the wrong decision and support a person or action that is later unsuccessful 下错了赌注；看错人；作了错误的决策
• In all his years as a book publisher, he rarely backed the wrong horse. 他做了多年的出版商，很少会看错人。
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  back away
■to move backwards away from something or someone, usually because you are frightened 退后；退缩
• She saw that he had a gun and backed away. 当发现他有枪后，她吓得直往后退。
■to show that you do not support a plan or idea any more and do not want to be involved with it 不再支持；退出
• The government has backed away from plans to increase taxes. 政府已经不再支持增税的计划了。
[bæk] verb back 1 Phrasal Verbs  back down
* to admit that you were wrong or that you have been defeated 认错；认输，打退当鼓
• Eventually, Roberto backed down and apologized. 最后，罗伯特认错并道了歉。
• Local residents have forced the local council to back down from/on its plans to build a nightclub in their street. 当地居民迫使地方议会放弃在他们的大街上建夜总会的计划。
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  back off informal
■to stop being involved in a situation, usually in order to allow other people to deal with it themselves 放弃；放手；停止（指手画脚）
• She started to criticize me, then she suddenly backed off. 她开始批评我，后来突然停了下来。
• Just back off and let us do this on our own, will you? 你别管了，让我们自己处理这件事好吗？
■to move backwards away from someone, usually because you are frightened 后退
• I saw the knife and backed off. 我看见那把刀，吓得往后退了几步。
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  back onto sth
■If a building backs onto something, its back faces that thing （建筑物）背靠着…，后面是…
• The house backs onto a narrow alley. 房子后面是一条狭窄的胡同。
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  back out
■to decide not to do something that you had said you would do 食言
• You agreed to come. You can't back out now! 你答应要来的。你现在可不能说话不算数！
• They backed out of the deal the day before they were due to sign the contract. 在原定签约日期的前一天，他们决定退出这项交易。
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] back sb up
■to support or help someone 支持，帮助（某人）
• My family backed me up throughout the court case. 打官司期间，我的家人一直支持我。
■to say that someone is telling the truth 为（某人）作证
• Honestly, that's exactly what happened - Claire will back me up. 实话实说，这就是当时的情况——克莱尔会为我作证。
• Will you back me up if I say that I never saw him? 如果我说从未见过他，你会为我作证吗？
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] back sth up
■to prove something is true 证明，证实
• His claims are backed up by recent research. 最新的研究证实了他的主张。
■to make an extra copy of computer information 给…备份
• Make sure you back up your files. 确保你的文件备份了。
⇒ See also backup
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] back (sth) up
■to drive backwards 倒（车）
[bæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  back up
■If traffic backs up, the vehicles have to wait in a long line because there are too many of them 堵（车）
• The traffic is starting to back up on the M25. 25号高速公路开始堵车了。
backed up /ˌbæktˈʌp] adjective [after verb]
• The traffic is backed up for six miles on the road to the coast. 车辆在前往海滨的路上堵了六英里。
[bæk] adjective [before noun]
 ESSENTIAL
■at or near the back of something 后面的，后部的，背部的
• She left the house by the back door. 她从后门离开了那座房子。
• The back seat of the car folds down. 车子的后座可以折起来。
[bæk] adjective [before noun]
on the back burner
■If something is on the back burner, it is temporarily not being dealt with or considered, especially because it is not urgent or important （尤指因不紧急或不重要而）暂时搁置一旁
• We've all had to put our plans on the back burner for a while. 大家只好把计划暂时搁置一段时间。
[bæk] adjective [before noun]
take a back seat
■to choose not to be in a position of responsibility in an organization or activity （在组织或活动中）退居次要位置
hind, backward, behind, back
这组词都有“在后，向后”的意思，其区别是：
hind: 指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。
backward: 可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。
behind: 指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。
back: 作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。
support, sustain, back, uphold, advocate
这组词都有“支持，支援，拥护”的意思，其区别是：
support: 含义广泛，多指在道义上或物质上支持某人，也可指对某项事业的支持。
sustain: 侧重指连续不断的支持。
back: 通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。
uphold: 既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持，也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。
advocate: 多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护，往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。
n. [机] 后面；背部； [家具] 靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾
 - rear, dorsum
vt. 支持；后退；背书；下赌注
 - encourage, second, carry, hand, champion
vi. 后退；背靠；倒退
 - reverse, recede
adv. 以前；向后地；来回地；上溯
 - previously, ago, formerly
adj. [机] 后面的；过去的；拖欠的
 - latter, past, ago, rear

Word: gin
Front: gin
[dʒɪn] (9235/8055 -1)
Back: n. 杜松子酒，; 轧棉机; 陷阱
vt. 轧棉，用轧棉机去籽; 用陷阱（网）捕捉
时态：ginned, ginning, gins
分布：杜松子酒(79%)，轧花机(7%)，陷阱(6%)，网(4%)，弹棉机(3%)，用轧棉机去籽(1%)
→词源同juniper, 杜松，刺柏。gin 轨棉机
noun countable or uncountable
■a colourless strong alcoholic drink flavoured with juniper berries (= small fruits) 杜松子酒
• a bottle of gin 一瓶杜松子酒
• gin and tonic 加奎宁水的杜松子酒
n. [食品] 杜松子酒； [农机] 轧棉机；陷阱
 - trap, pit

Word: duplicate
Front: duplicate
[ˈdju:plɪkeɪt] (研六托雅 9237/11219 -1)
Vocabulary: duplicate
(once / 1079 pages)
nadjv
Duplicate describes something that's an exact copy. If you tend to accidentally lock yourself out of your car, it's a good idea to carry a duplicate key with you just in case.
The word duplicate is useful when you're talking about a copy of something, like a duplicate of your birth certificate that you keep in a file, or a duplicate driver's license that you apply for after losing the original one. The verb duplicate is pronounced differently, with a long a sound, and it means to make a copy of or to multiply times two. The Latin root, duplicatus, means "to double."
WORD FAMILY
duplicate: duplicable, duplicatable, duplicated, duplicates, duplicating, duplication, duplicator, reduplicate+/duplicable: duplicability/duplication: duplications, reduplication/duplicator: duplicators/reduplicate: reduplicated, reduplicates, reduplicating/reduplication: reduplications
USAGE EXAMPLES
This would allow for expanded career offerings in the two districts without duplicating programs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There were no more dropped or duplicated songs, for instance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And there’s no way we would ever try to duplicate that.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 复制; 复印; 重复
时态：duplicated, duplicating, duplicates
分布：重复(50%)，复制(34%)，副本(11%)，复制的(4%)，完全一样的(1%)
→du-，二。-plic, 折，词源同fold, complicate. 即两折，引申义复制。
加倍;复制(du+pic重复+atc→重复第二份→复制)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
n.复制品v.复写,使加倍a.复制的,二重的He duplicated his former mistakes.他又犯了和以前一样的错误.
【记】du二，plic重叠一把一份变成重叠的两份一复制的
【参】duplication（n 副本；复制）
US [ˈduː-/
■to make an exact copy of something 复制，拷贝
• Can you duplicate (= use a special machine to copy) this document for me? 你能为我复印一下这份文件吗?
• Parenthood is an experience nothing else can duplicate. 当父母是任何其他经历都无法比拟的。
adjective [before noun] UK [ˈdjuː.plɪ.kət] US [ˈduː-/
■being an exact copy of something 复制的；完全一样的
• The thieves were equipped with duplicate keys to the safe. 窃贼带着配好的保险柜锁匙。
noun countable UK [ˈdjuː.plɪ.kət] US [ˈduː-/
■something that is an exact copy of something else 复制品；副本
• I lost the original form so they sent me a duplicate. 我把表格的原件给丢了，所以他们又发给了我一份副本。
model, facsimile, duplicate, reproduction, copy
这组词都有“复制品”的意思，其区别是：
model: 可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。
facsimile: 含义与copy大体相同，但较文雅。
duplicate: 常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。
reproduction: 批按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。
copy: 普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。
duplicate, xerox, copy
这组词都有“复印、复制”的意思，其区别是：
duplicate: 指对原件进行复制或复印，侧重结果与原件一模一样。
xerox: 指用静电复印或用静电印刷术复制。
copy: 着重模仿者的有意识行为或模仿得尽可能接近原件。
vt. [印刷] [专利] 复制；使加倍
 - repeat, double
n. 副本； [印刷] [专利] 复制品
 - repeat, reproduction, counterpart
adj. [印刷] [专利] 复制的；二重的
 - reproductive, copied
vi. [印刷] [专利] 复制；重复
 - print off, to copy

Word: coil
Front: coil
[kɔɪl] (研四六托雅 9217/7984)
Vocabulary: coil
(once / 324 pages)
nv
A coil is a spiral shape or a series of circles, each one inside another. You might see a coil of rope on a dock or coils of hair in a fancy hairdo.
A snake naturally curls its body into a coil, and the end of a whip after it's been cracked tends to form a coil. To move in this way is also to coil, as when your cat coils around your leg or you coil a necklace around your finger. This verb form is the earliest meaning of coil, from the Middle French coillir, "to gather," with the Latin root colligere, "to gather together."
WORD FAMILY
coil: coiled, coiling, coils, recoil, uncoil+/ recoil: recoiled, recoiling, recoilless, recoils/uncoil: uncoiled, uncoiling, uncoils
USAGE EXAMPLES
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The local artist began by twisting these coils and coloring them black with a mix of ink and glue.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
"A coiled spring of money flow may need to shift back over to biotech."
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. （一）卷，（一）盘; 盘卷之物; 线圈; 纷乱，纠缠不清
vt. 盘绕; 卷成一圈
vi. 绕成盘状; 卷绕成圈
时态：coiled, coiling, coils
分布：圈(46%)，线圈(40%)，卷(11%)，盘绕(2%)，卷成圈(1%)
→缩写自拉丁词colligere, 收集，词源同collect.
v.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组Boil the oil soiled by the coil in the toilet lest it spoil.把被盥洗室里的线圈弄脏的油煮开,免得它变质.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to arrange something in a coil 盘绕，卷成卷状
• She coiled her hair into a neat bun on top of her head. 她把头发在头顶挽成一个俐落的发髻。
• [R] The snake coiled itself tightly around the deer. 蛇紧紧地把鹿缠住。
[kɔɪl] noun countable
CIRCLE 圆圈
■a length of rope, hair or wire, arranged into a series of circles, one above the other （绳索、头发或电线的）卷，圈，盘
• A coil of rope lay on the beach. 海滩上放着一圈绳子。
• figurative A coil of thick blue smoke rose up from his pipe. 一圈蓝色的浓烟从他的烟斗里冒了出来。
■specialized
■a twisted length of wire through which an electric current travels （电）线圈
[kɔɪl] noun countable
MEDICAL 医学的 UK informal
■an IUD (= a medical device to stop a woman becoming pregnant) 子宫环
vt. 盘绕，把…卷成圈
 - entwine
n. [电] 线圈；卷
 - book, volume, roll, winding
vi. 成圈状
 - wreathe

Word: infer
Front: infer
[ɪnˈfɜ:(r)] (研四六托宝 9219/7194 -1)
Vocabulary: infer
(once / 323 pages)
v
When you infer something, you read between the lines. To infer is to make a well informed guess — if you see your mom’s bag on the table, you might infer that she’s home.
When you infer, you listen closely to someone and guess at things they mean but haven't actually said. It’s like guessing, but not making wild guesses. You're making deductions — guesses based on logic. Another kind of inferring is more scientific, like when a scientist has part of a dinosaur fossil and can infer what the rest of the dinosaur looked like. When you see the word infer, think "educated guess."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
imply / infer
Imply and infer are opposites, like a throw and a catch. To imply is to hint at something, but to infer is to make an educated guess. The speaker does the implying, and the listener does the inferring.
To imply is to suggest something indirectly. If you hand your friend a stack of napkins during dinner, you imply that she needs them. Things can imply, too, like a chimney that implies a fireplace. Check out these examples:
By their very definition, flea markets imply cheap prices for used and unwanted items, as is still the case in most other places. (New York Times)
Stern also implied the entire season might be at risk. (Seattle Times)
It isn't fair to imply that cardiovascular disease is going away. (Nature)
Infer is on the receiving end of imply, yet infer is often used to mean imply. To infer is to gather, deduce, or figure out.Writers tend to know how to use infer correctly:
He talks about having led in the private sector but voters have to infer too much about what that means. (Slate)
They were also better at inferring feelings from images of just the eyes. (Scientific American)
Yet it must not be inferred that farming women are without mental ability or common sense. (Sidney Lewis Gulick)
Like baseball? Theodore Bernstein, in his classic The Careful Writer, gives us a way to keep imply and infer straight: "The implier is the pitcher; the inferrer is the catcher."
WORD FAMILY
infer: inference, inferred, inferring, infers+/ inference: inferences, inferential/inferential: inferentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet he did not infer guilt by association on all Muslims.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
He inferred as much when he’d periodically mention his commitment to support his young daughter.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
"We would not see it as good news, that is obvious, but I think it is difficult to infer too much from it."
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 推断; 猜想，推理; 暗示; 意指
vi. 作出推论
时态：inferred, inferring, infers
分布：推断(88%)，暗示(6%)，作出推论(4%)，猜测(2%)
→in-,进入，使，-fer,带来，词源同bring.即带进来的，引申词义推断，推论。
推理,推断(in进入+fer→带进[意义]→推断)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
v.推论,推断I infer that he is indifferent to differentiating the offers in different conferences.我推断他对区分不同会谈中的报价漠不关心.
【记】in里面，fer带来一带来内部的意义－推断；推测
US [-'fɝ:] (-rr-) formal
verb transitive
■to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have 推断，推论，推理
• What do you infer from her refusal? 你从她的拒绝中能推断出甚么？
• [+ that] I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave. 从她的表情我可判断出她想离开。
conclude, judge, gather, infer, deduce
这组词都有“推断”的意思，其区别是：
conclude: 指得出符合逻辑的结论。
judge: 多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。
gather: 指从听到的情况推测、判定。
infer: 指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。
deduce: 指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎。
infer, imply
infer: v. (根据已知事实)推断，推理。
 • I infer from your smile that you are happy.   从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。
imply: v. (从言语或态度中)暗示，暗指(某种事情)。
 • The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.   财政大臣暗示利率将下降。
vt. 推断；推论
 - understand, conclude, reason
vi. 推断；作出推论
 - conclude, deduce from

Word: bedtime
Front: bedtime
[ˈbedtaɪm] (9223/12176 -1)
Vocabulary: bedtime
(once / 2954 pages)
n
Bedtime is the time of the evening or night when you go to sleep. If you want a good excuse to leave a boring party, you can look at your watch and say, "Wow! It's way past my bedtime!"
The time you generally go to bed is your bedtime, although you may not have a regular bedtime, just turning in whenever you feel sleepy. Most young children have a set bedtime, which is basically the hour their parents have decided they should go to sleep. If they're lucky, they'll get a bedtime story before the lights are turned off. Bedtime dates from the 13th century, from the Old English bedd and tima, "limited space of time."
WORD FAMILY
bedtime: bedtimes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, just seeing the information about my bedtime habits helped me change for the better.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
In those days, the president followed the billiards game with bedtime routines with his daughters.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
And Florida State coach Jimbo Fisher used to break his bedtime as a kid to stay up late and watch bowl games.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 就寝时间
分布：就寝时间(100%)
noun uncountable
■the time at which you usually get into your bed in order to sleep 就寝时间
• Put your toys away now, it's bedtime. 把玩具收拾好，该上床睡觉了。
• Eleven o'clock is past my bedtime. 11点了，已过了我的就寝时间。
• I like to have a hot drink at bedtime. 我喜欢在睡前喝一杯热饮。
• He reads his children a bedtime story every night. 他每晚睡前都会给孩子们说一个故事。

Word: evidence
Front: evidence
[ˈevɪdəns] (高研四六托雅 606/456 -K4)
Vocabulary: evidence
(once / 62 pages)
nv
Evidence is anything that can be used to prove something — like the evidence presented in a trial, or the trail of bread crumbs that is evidence of the path Hansel took through the woods.
The word evidence is derived from the Latin ēvidēnt-, meaning "obvious." The word evidence shows up frequently in legal documents and dramas, because evidence is necessary proof in linking someone to a crime or crime scene. Evidence is used in many ways to show that something is true, as in "your enormous belly and blue 'Baby on board' T-shirt are evidence that you're due to give birth any day."
WORD FAMILY
evidence: evidenced, evidences, evidencing, evidential, evidentiary+/ evident: evidence, evidenter, evidently, self-evident/ evidential: evidentially/self-evident: self-evidently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn't allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The findings of the probe form grounds of evidence to justify the interrogation of the prime minister,” its statement said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s Cousins’ next-to-last pass — a defeat-clinching interception — that will be remembered and used as evidence against his case for a long-term contract.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 证词; 证据; 迹象; 明显
vt. 使明显; 显示; 表明; 证实
时态：evidenced, evidencing, evidences
分布：证据(75%)，证明(11%)，迹象(5%)，证词(4%)，根据(3%)，证实(2%)
→e-, 向外。-vid, 看，词源同video, visit.
证据,证人(e+vid+ence→[明显的证据])[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
n.明显;显著;根据;证据;迹象Can you show me any evidence for your statement?你能给我看你供词的证据吗?
noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true 证据；证明
• The police have found no evidence of a terrorist link with the murder. 警方没有发现任何证据证明这宗谋杀案和恐怖分子有关。
• [+ to infinitive] There is no scientific evidence to suggest that underwater births are dangerous. 没有科学证据证明水中分娩有危险。
• [+ that] Is there any scientific evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting? 一个人的笔迹反映其性格的说法有甚么科学凭据呢？
• Several experts are to give evidence on the subject. 几位专家将就这个问题提出证据。
• There is only circumstantial evidence against her, so she is unlikely to be convicted. 只有间接证据对她不利，所以她不大可能被定罪。
• Campaigners now have compelling documentary evidence of the human rights abuses that they had been alleging for several years. 人权运动者几年来一直声称践踏人权现象的存在，而现在他们已经掌握了令人信服的书面证据。
• Fresh evidence suggests that the statement had been fabricated. 新的证据证明财务报表是伪造的。
• The traces of petrol found on his clothing provided the forensic evidence proving that he had started the fire deliberately. 在他衣服上发现的汽油痕迹成为了法庭证据，证明他是蓄意纵火。
• All the evidence points to a substantial rise in traffic over the next few years. 所有证据都证明，在今后几年中交通量会大幅提升。
• There is growing/mounting/increasing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancer. 越来越多的证据证明，在饮食中吸收含有富维他命食物的人不太容易罹患某些癌症。
testimony, evidence, proof, witness
这组词都有“证据、见证”的意思，其区别是：
testimony: 指证据、证词，多系法律用语。
evidence: 普通用词，在法律上指能起证明作用的，如证明、公证书以及所有的实物东西等。在生活中指任何一样可证明某一件事的真实性的东西。
proof: 指足以直接证明某事为某事实的依据，侧重作为充分证据所导致的结果。
witness: 指证据或证人，尤指后者，且有亲眼见到之意。
n. [法] 证据，证明；迹象；明显
 - authentication, certification, demonstration, proof, breath
vt. 证明
 - demonstrate, prove, argue, bear witness to

Word: unreasonable
Front: unreasonable
[ʌnˈri:znəbl] (六 9239/5581 -K1)
Back: adj. 不合理的，荒唐的; 非理智的，不讲理的; （收费等）不当的; 过度的
分布：不合理的(88%)，不切实际的(7%)，过度的(5%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not fair or acceptable 不讲道理的；不合理的；不公正的
• unreasonable demands 无理要求
• [+ to infinitive] It seems unreasonable to expect one person to do both jobs. 要一个人做两份工作似乎是不合理的。
adj. 不合理的；过度的；不切实际的；非理智的
 - ideal, dream

Word: sole
Front: sole
[səʊl] (研四六托雅 4535/3275 -2)
Vocabulary: sole
(once / 151 pages)
1nv 2adj 3n
Sole means not shared with others. If it's your sole responsibility to make the chocolate cake for a party, it's all on you.
Sole comes from the Latin solus, meaning "alone," and it can describe being the only person involved in something, like being the sole member of the Special People Club. As a noun, your sole is the bottom of your foot. If you order sole in a restaurant, you'll get a flat fish that looks like the bottom of your shoe. Although they sound alike, if you order the soul, the waitperson might send you to a church down the street.
WORD FAMILY
sole: resole, soled, soleless, solely, soling+/resole: resoled, resoles, resoling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Being the sole breadwinner is bad for men's health but good for women's.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
There are no hard-and-fast rules to this process, but Jacomo is the sole arbiter.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Kashiba’s Crispy Rex Sole not only includes dainty fried fillets of fish but also the deep-fried skeleton, a crisp, salty, delicious bonus.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 单独的; 惟一的; 专有的，独占的
n. 鞋底; 有…底的 -soled; 脚底; 鳎（可食用比目鱼）
vt. 给（鞋）换底
时态：soled, soling, soles
分布：唯一的(66%)，鞋底(22%)，脚底(9%)，独占的(2%)，鳎鱼(1%)
→来自拉丁语 solus,单独的，唯一的，词源不详。可能来自 se,自己，来自 swo,自身，词源 同 self,solitary.引申比喻义全权处理的。sole 脚掌，鳎（一种可食用比目鱼）
单个的n.　鞋底[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
a.单独的,唯一的n.脚垫,鞋底The man who broke the sole solid lid is solemnly condemned.打破这个仅有的实心盖子的人受到庄严谴责.
US [soʊl] adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■being one only; single 唯一的，单一的
• My sole objective is to make the information more widely available. 我唯一的目的就是让更多的人能了解到这些资讯。
• The sole survivor of the accident was found in the water after six hours. 事故唯一的幸存者于六小时后在水里被发现。
 ADVANCED
■not shared with anyone else 专用的，独享的
• She has sole responsibility for the project. 她独立负责该企划案。
• I have sole charge of both children all day. 我一个人要照顾两个孩子一整天。
UK [səʊl] US [soʊl] noun countable
FOOT 脚 (plural soles)
■the bottom part of a foot which touches the ground when you stand or walk, or the bottom part of a shoe which touches the ground, usually not including the heel 脚底；鞋底
• a cut on the sole of her foot 她脚底的伤口
• shoes with rubber soles 胶底的鞋子
UK [səʊl] US [soʊl] noun countable
FISH 鱼 (plural sole)
■one of a number of flat round fish which are eaten as food 比目鱼，鲽鱼
• lemon sole 檬鲽
• Dover sole 多佛鲽鱼
UK [səʊl] US [soʊl] verb transitive
■to put a new sole on a shoe 给（鞋）换新底
unique, single, only, alone, sole
这组词都有“唯一的”的意思，其区别是：
unique: 非正式用词，侧重在一类中唯一无可匹敌、无与伦比的特征。
single: 语气较强，强调仅此一个，再无第二个。
only: 普通用词，常可与sole换用，但侧重仅限于指定的人或物，而不需要更多。
alone: 着重专指某人或某物，而不是别的。
sole: 语气强于only，指仅有一个或一群，只考虑这一个或这一群。
n. [服装] 鞋底；脚底；基础；鳎目鱼
 - elements, basis, foundation, base, bed
adj. 唯一的； [法] 单独的；仅有的
 - alone, unique, independent, one, isolated

Word: conservatism
Front: conservatism
[kənˈsɜ:vətɪzəm] (托 9228/9076 -1)
Vocabulary: conservatism
(once / 2324 pages)
n
When people discuss politics and mention the word conservatism, they're talking about a philosophy that favors making few changes in society, sticking with traditions, and often spending as little money as possible.
Conservatism is most often used to describe the beliefs of right-wing politicians and the people who tend to vote for them. There are some who practice fiscal conservatism — which focuses on reducing spending and cutting budgets — while being more liberal socially. Social conservatism tends to favor things like traditional roles for women and men, and to object to major changes in society like same sex marriage. A person who embraces conservatism is called a conservative.
WORD FAMILY
conservatism: conservatisms, neoconservatism
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his Presidency, especially if it is successful, will inevitably change the shape of conservatism in the United States.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
His claim to authority is a stint in the Reagan White House, and a string of books outlining his philosophy of “constitutional conservatism”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Political and social conservatism, shot through with a panic about a disease that neither leader seemed eager to even acknowledge, was the prevailing mood.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 保守主义; 守旧性; 〈英〉保守党（的主张]）
分布：保守主义(95%)，守旧性(5%)
US [-'sɝ:.və.tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
■the quality of often not liking or trusting change, especially sudden change 保守主义，守旧性
n. 保守主义；守旧性
 - Toryism

Word: reprint
Front: reprint
[ˌri:ˈprɪnt] (9243/14989 -1)
Vocabulary: reprint
(once / 238 pages)
vn
To reprint something is to publish it again, or issue it in a new form. When a book is a best seller, its publisher will reprint thousands, or even millions, of copies.
Sometimes books go out of print for a long time before a publisher reprints them, and in other cases they are continuously popular enough that a publishing company will reprint them constantly. You can call a newer printed edition of a book or magazine article a reprint, too. Reprint adds the "again" prefix re-, to print, from the Old French preinte, "impression."
WORD FAMILY
reprint: reprinted, reprinting, reprints+/misprint: misprinted, misprinting, misprints/overprint: overprinted, overprinting, overprints/ print: misprint, overprint, printable, printed, printer, printing, prints, reprint /printable: unprintable/ printer: printers/printing: printings/reprinting: reprintings/unprintable: unprintably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Simon & Schuster, which published those books, is reprinting another 20,000 copies of “Wishful Drinking” and 17,500 copies of “Postcards From the Edge.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Falsehoods and character assassinations should never be reprinted.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The scans aren’t as high-resolution as the ones you’d get with a dedicated scanner, but they are adequate for reprints and social media posts.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 重印版，再改版; 单行本; 复印的邮票
vt. 重印
时态：reprinted, reprinting, reprints
分布：重印(52%)，再版(45%)，重印本(3%)
→re-,再，重新，print,印刷，出版。
verb intransitive or transitive /ˌriːˈprɪnt/
■to print a book again, or to be printed again 重印；再版
• The first edition sold out so we are reprinting it/it is reprinting. 第一版销售一空，所以我们正在重印／这本书正在重印。
noun countable /ˈriː.prɪnt/
■when you reprint a book, or a book that has been reprinted 重印；再版
vt. 再版； [图情] [印刷] 重印
 - republish
n. [图情] [印刷] 重印；翻版
 - reimpression

Word: rename
Front: rename
[ˌri:ˈneɪm] (9242/8668 -1)
Back: vt. 给…重新取名，改名
时态：renamed, renaming, renames
分布：重新命名(75%)，改名(25%)
→re-,再，重新，name,命名。
verb transitive
■to give something a new name 重新命名；给…改名
• You must rename the file before you save it. 保存之前，你必须对档重新命名。
• The ship was sold, painted and renamed the 'Suez Star'. 这艘轮船被出售后油漆一新，并改名为“苏伊士之星”号。
vt. [计] 重新命名，改名
 - rechristen

Word: hunch
Front: hunch
[hʌntʃ] (宝 9261/12977 -1)
Vocabulary: hunch
(once / 2038 pages)
1n 2vn
When you pose for pictures with short friends, you hunch over so you don't tower above them — you scrunch up your shoulders, bend your knees, and try to look smaller.
You can also have a hunch, which has nothing to do with scrunching. When you have a hunch about something, you think it might be true. Your dog bolts over the fence, and you have a hunch he's heading for the neighbor who feeds him pâté. Hunch is an odd word of unknown origin, which seems to have originally meant "to push or shove" — to nudge.
WORD FAMILY
hunch: hunched, hunches, hunching
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few weeks later, though, the detectives were back, acting on what the court papers describe as a hunch.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I crept down the stairs, back hunched, knees bent — attempting to lower my center of gravity.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
They named the male entitlement to public space that leaves women on trains and airplanes hunched into corners: manspreading.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 预感，直觉; 肉峰
v. 隆起; 向前移动
时态：hunched, hunching, hunches
分布：预感(77%)，肉峰(13%)，弯腰驼背(6%)，块(4%)
→词源不详，可能来自hump变体。比较bump,bunch.直觉义据说是来自过去迷信，在赌博前摸一摸驼子的驼背可以带来好运。
【源】源于古希腊神话中星神的寒池Hunch，主管预知未来，曾经预测了Narcissus（那喀索斯n 水仙花）与Echo（艾科n 回声）的悲剧。
noun countable
■an idea which is based on feeling and for which there is no proof 直觉；预感
• [+ that] I had a hunch that you'd be here. 直觉告诉我，你会来。
• Sometimes you have to be prepared to act on/follow a hunch. 有时候你要有心理准备依直觉行事。
[hʌntʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to lean forward with your shoulders raised or to bend your back and shoulders into a rounded shape 弓（背），弯腰
• We hunched round the fire to keep warm. 我们弓着身子围在火边取暖。
• Stand up straight and don't hunch your back. 站直，别弯着腰。
n. 预感；大块；肉峰
 - bulk, anticipation
vt. 耸肩；预感到；弯腰驼背
 - shrug
vi. 隆起；向前移动
 - bunch, move forward

Word: gaming
Front: gaming
[ˈgeɪmɪŋ] (9252/20527 -1)
Back: n. 赌博; 博奕
分布：赌博(96%)，动词game的现在分词.(4%)
noun uncountable
BETTING 赌博
■the risking of money in games of chance, especially at a casino （尤指赌场中进行的）赌钱游戏，赌博
• gaming machines/tables 赌博机／赌桌
['geɪ.mɪŋ] noun uncountable
COMPUTER GAMES 电脑游戏
■the activity of playing video games 玩电子游戏
n. 赌博；赌胜负
 - betting, jeu

Word: fundamentalist
Front: fundamentalist
[ˌfʌndə'mentəlɪst] (9238/16734)
Vocabulary: fundamentalist
(once / 4743 pages)
nadj
If you love to talk about what a strict vegan you are, your friends might start calling you a fundamentalist, or a person who sticks very closely to a particular set of principles.
The word fundamentalist is used most often to talk about religion. As an adjective, it describes a very strict, literal interpretation of a religious text or set of beliefs, and the noun means a person who holds those firm, often extreme, beliefs. Fundamentalist is a relatively recent term, invented in the 1920s in the United States to describe a Protestant movement during that era.
WORD FAMILY
fundamentalist: fundamentalists+/ fundamental: fundamentalism, fundamentally, fundamentals/ fundamentalism: fundamentalisms, fundamentalist, fundamentalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though he is often described as a troll provocateur, he prefers the label “free-speech fundamentalist.”
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
He wished peace to the victims of the war in Syria and of “fundamentalist terrorism” in Nigeria, among several other parts of the world.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
He also lamented that in Nigeria “fundamentalist terrorism exploits even children,” a reference to child suicide-bombers.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 信奉正统派基督教的人
分布：原教旨主义者(41%)，原教旨主义的(30%)，信奉正统派基督教的人(18%)，信奉正统派基督教的(11%)
N-UNCOUNT
原教旨主义;基要主义
Fundamentalism is the belief in the original form of a religion or theory, without accepting any later ideas.
例：Religious fundamentalism was spreading in the region.宗教原教旨主义正在这一地区蔓延。

Word: brand
Front: brand
[brænd] (高研四六雅宝 2570/3387 -K3)
Vocabulary: brand
(once / 186 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
If your friend buys her jeans based on the brand, it means that the name on the label of her pants is very important to her. A brand is a product name.
The cereal aisle at the grocery store is a good place to see how many different brands there are of the same product. A company name, or the name it invents for a particular item or service, is a brand. Another kind of brand is the verb that means to mark or name something in a negative way. If you brand your classmate as a bully, you accuse him of bullying and expose his behavior to other people.
WORD FAMILY
brand: branded, branding, brands+/branded: misbranded, unbranded/branding: brandings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She said that distinguishes the brand from standard wine advertising, which involves bottles “in the kitchen with cheese.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Kellogg’s stopped advertising on Breitbart after being spotlighted by Sleeping Giants, a social-media campaign that is pushing brands to cut their ties to the site.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
So I’m always down to try anything from the brand.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [商]商标，牌子; 烙印; 〈比喻〉污名，耻辱; 燃烧着的木头
vt. 污辱; 铭刻于; 加商标于; 打烙印于
时态：branded, branding, brands
分布：牌子(53%)，商标(28%)，烙印(11%)，铭记(5%)，加污名于(1%)，标记(1%)，打烙印(1%)
→来自zero-grade 词根br, 加热，燃烧，词源同burn . 原指用燃烧的铁块给牲畜做记号，后指品牌。
n.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印The grandson branded the brandy randomly.孙子给白兰地随机地打上烙印.
noun countable
PRODUCT 产品
 IMPROVER
■a type of product made by a particular company 商标，牌子
• This isn't my usual brand of deodorant. 这不是我通常用的那个牌子的除臭剂。
• When I go to a supermarket I usually buy own (US store / Australian generic)brands (= the cheaper products with the shop's own name on them). 我去超市时常常购买超市的自家品牌产品。
brand of sth
■a particular type of something, or way of doing something 一种…，一类…；做…的方式
• a team that plays a distinctive brand of football 打法很独特的足球队
• Do you like his brand of humour? 你喜欢他那种幽默吗？
[brænd] noun countable
FLAME 火焰 literary
■a piece of burning wood used to give light 火炬；火把
[brænd] noun countable
MARK 做记号
■a mark that is burnt or frozen into the skin of an animal such as a cow to show who owns it 打烙印于；以烙铁打（标记）
• The brand was still visible on the animal's hide. 兽皮上还可以看见烙印。
[brænd] verb
JUDGE 判断
transitive + object + noun or adjective
■to say that you think someone is as stated 加污名于；谴责
• Because of one minor offence he was branded (as) a common criminal. 由于一次小过错他蒙上了共同犯罪的污名。
• The newspapers have branded the rebel MP disloyal. 报纸谴责反叛的国会议员背信弃义。
[brænd] verb
MARK 做记号
transitive
■to mark an animal such as a cow by burning or freezing its skin to show you own it 打烙印于；以烙铁打（标记）
• The cattle were rounded up and branded. 那些牛都被圈了起来并打了烙印。
trademark, brand
这组词都有“商标”的意思，其区别是：
trademark: 指通过合法注册而印在商品上的特殊标记，即商标。
brand: 指生产厂家为自己的产品所取的专用名称。
vt. 铭刻于，铭记；打烙印于；印…商标于
 - heart, stamp
n. [贸易] 商标， [经管] 牌子；烙印
 - logo, label

Word: rack
Front: rack
[ræk] (研四六托雅 4151/6006 -2)
Vocabulary: rack
(once / 514 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n 5nv 6v 7v
A rack is a device meant to hold something, or several things. A coat rack has hooks for hanging coats, and a magazine rack has shelves or slots to hold magazines.
In a store, racks hold and display items for sale (like clothes racks and book racks), while in your house you have racks for storing things (a spice rack), or drying them (in the case of a towel rack). If you rack, or wrack, your brain, it means you think extra hard;and when something goes "to rack and ruin," it becomes old and decrepit, or falls apart.
WORD FAMILY
rack: racked, racker, racking, racks+/racker: rackers/racking: rackingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The overtime racked up by Community Colleges of Spokane alone is more than $500,000 — and growing.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is followed by macaroni and cheese, BBQ beans and a rack of ribs that is pretty much larger than I am.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Sing,” the latest collaboration between Illumination and Universal, racked up $41.4 million during its second weekend in theaters.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 行李架; 支架; 刑架; （羊、猪等带前肋的）颈脊
vt. 使痛苦，使焦虑; 剥削，榨取; 用刑拘折磨
时态：racked, racking, racks
分布：行李架(59%)，折磨(18%)，拷问台(11%)，使痛苦(6%)，把...放在架子上(3%)，累计取得(3%)
→来自古英语 reccan,拉开，展开，来自 Proto-Germanic*rak,拉直，来自 reg,拉直，词源同 regulate,reach.引申词义支架，架子，后用于指架子状的刑具，引申词义折磨。
n.挂物架,搁物架v.使痛苦,折磨The attacker cracked the racks and stacked them on the track.攻击者打裂搁板并把它们堆在跑道上.
noun
FRAME 支架
countable
■a frame or shelf, often formed of bars, which is used to hold things 架子；搁物架
• a vegetable rack 摆放蔬菜的货架
• a plate rack 盘碟架
• a luggage rack 行李架
countable US (UK frame)
■a triangular frame used to arrange the balls at the start of a game of billiards , pool , snooker , etc. （用于桌球或撞球比赛开球时放置球的）三角框
the rack
■in the past, a device to which people were tied and which stretched their bodies by pulling their arms in one direction and their legs in the other direction, usually used as a way of forcing them to tell information （旧时为逼供而使用的）拉肢刑具
[ræk] noun
MEAT 肉类
countable or uncountable
■a large piece of meat cut from the neck of a sheep 羊颈肉
• The butcher prepared a rack of pork. 那个屠夫准备了一块猪颈肉。
• We're having rack of lamb for dinner. 我们今天晚餐会煮羊颈肉。
[ræk] noun
MACHINE 机器
countable
■a bar with tooth-like parts along one edge which fits into a pinion (= a wheel with tooth-like parts) allowing change between circular and straight-line movement 齿条；齿轨；齿棒
[ræk] noun
DECAY 腐朽
rack and ruin (ALSO mainly US wrack and ruin)
■a bad state; decay 糟糕透顶（的状态）；破损，损坏
• The whole farm was going to rack and ruin. 整个农场逐渐变得破败不堪。
[ræk] noun
be on the rack
■to be suffering great physical or mental pain 痛苦不堪；焦虑万分
[ræk] verb transitive often passive
■to cause physical or mental pain, or trouble, to someone or something 使肉体或精神上受巨大痛苦；折磨
• Even at the end, when cancer racked his body, he was calm and cheerful. 即使在最后，当他的身体备受癌症病魔摧残的时候，他仍然镇定自若、乐观开朗。
• The dog was already racked by/with the pains of old age. 那只狗已经又老又病，痛苦不堪。
• He was racked by/with doubts/guilt. 他被疑虑／内疚所折磨。
[ræk] verb transitive often passive
rack your brains
■to think very hard 绞尽脑汁；搜肠刮肚
• I've been racking my brains all day but I can't remember her name. 我搜肠刮肚想了一整天，却怎么也记不起她的名字来。
[ræk] verb transitive often passive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rack sth up mainly US informal
■to gradually get more points, profits, etc.; to accumulate 累计（得分或获利）；累积；聚集
• He has racked up 450 points in three months. 三个月内，他已经累积了450分。
• Astronomical profits/losses were racked up by airlines last year. 去年各航空公司累计盈利／亏损达到了天文数字。
■to increase something such as a rent or price, especially by an amount that is considered to be too much （尤指过分地）增加，提高（房租、价格等）
• Our landlord racked up the rent by 15% this year. 我们的房东今年把房租猛涨了15%。
n. [机] 齿条； [交] 行李架；拷问台
 - toothed bar, baggage holder
vi. 变形；随风飘；小步跑
 - become deformed, to morph
vt. 折磨；榨取
 - harry, extract, milk, worry, trouble

Word: lineman
Front: lineman
[ˈlaɪnmən] (9264/-)
Back: n. 养路工人，巡道员
分布：前锋(48%)，线路工人(28%)，养路工人(24%)
→比喻用法。

Word: redeem
Front: redeem
[rɪˈdi:m] (托雅宝 9250/8505 -1)
Vocabulary: redeem
(once / 295 pages)
1v 2v
If you redeem yourself, you make up for wrongs by doing something that makes you seem good again, like when after being irritable and snappy with your grandmother, you redeem yourself by bringing her flowers and apologizing.
Redeem comes from the French rédimer, which means "to deliver," and which in turn comes from the Latin for "buy back." In Christianity you can be redeemed by renouncing your sins. Classic heroes fail and then redeem themselves with valiant acts. But redeem doesn't have to be religious or moral. When you turn in a glass bottle for recycling, you redeem it, just as you redeem your coupon for 20% off your next hamburger.
WORD FAMILY
redeem: redeemable, redeemed, redeemer, redeeming, redeems, redemption, redemptive, redemptory+/ deem: deemed, deeming, deems, redeem / irredeemable: irredeemably/redeemable: irredeemable, unredeemable/redeemed: unredeemed/redeemer: redeemers/ redeeming: redeemingly/ redemption: redemptional, redemptions/ redemptive: redemptively/unredeemable: unredeemably/unredeemed: unredeemedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If redeemed through Singapore, changing that same award ticket would cost you only $20.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But when the national popular vote was certified, the major national pollsters were nearly redeemed.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
You may unwittingly be under a deadline to redeem the card.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 赎回，挽回; 履行; 偿还; 兑现
时态：redeemed, redeeming, redeems
分布：赎回(51%)，弥补(15%)，偿还(13%)，履行(11%)，解救(6%)，兑现(4%)
→来自中古法语 redemer,买回，拿回，来自拉丁语 redimere,买回，拿回，来自 red-,向后，往回， -im,拿到，买取，词源同 example,exempt,emption.引申诸相关词义。
赎回,买回(red=[re回]+eem[=em]→拿回→赎回)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
【记】re重新，deem（v 认为；相信）一赎罪后的人是要重新认可的
【参】redemption（n 赎回）；preempt（v 先占）
verb
IMPROVE 改善
transitive formal
■to make something or someone seem less bad 弥补；补救；抵消
• A poor game was redeemed in the second half by a couple of superb goals from Anthony Edwards. 安东尼．爱德华兹在下半场踢入几个绝佳的进球，使得本来糟糕的比赛场面大为改观。
• [R] He was an hour late, but he redeemed himself in her eyes by giving her a huge bunch of flowers. 他迟到了一个小时，但是送给了她一大束鲜花，这便挽回了他在她心目中的形象。
• She took me to see a really dull film, the only redeeming feature of which (= the only thing which prevented it from being completely bad) was the soundtrack. 她带我去看了场极为乏味的电影，唯一不错的就是配乐。
[rɪ'di:m] verb
GET BACK 拿回
transitive
■to get something back 赎回；买回
• She managed to save enough money to redeem her jewellery from the pawn shop. 她设法存够了钱，把自己的首饰从当铺赎了回来。
[rɪ'di:m] verb
EXCHANGE 兑换
redeem a coupon/voucher, etc.
■to exchange a piece of paper representing a particular sum of money for that amount of money or for goods to this value 将优惠券等兑换成现金（或物品）
[rɪ'di:m] verb
SATISFY 履行
transitive formal
■to carry out a promise or pay back a debt 履行，践（诺）；偿清，付清
• The amount required to redeem the mortgage was £358 587. 偿付抵押贷款一共需要358 587英镑。
[rɪ'di:m] verb
RELIGION 宗教
transitive
■(in Christianity) to free people from sin (OFFENCE) （基督教中）拯救，为…赎罪，救赎
• "Jesus," said the priest, "saved and redeemed mankind by taking our sins upon himself." “主耶稣，”牧师说道，“为我们担当了罪过，从而救赎了人类。”
vt. 赎回；挽回；兑换；履行；补偿；恢复
 - fulfill, turn, restore, pay, repair

Word: richness
Front: richness
[ˈrɪtʃnəs] (9253/9733)
Vocabulary: richness
(once / 1281 pages)
n
Richness is a quality or characteristic, either of having a lot of money or of being plentiful. The richness of exotic bird life in Hawaii may be much more appealing to you than the richness of your wealthy neighbors.
When you use the noun richness to talk about an abundance of something, you're emphasizing how luxurious or bountiful it is. And if you mention the richness of a meal or a dessert, you're talking about its delicious, fatty, and filling nature: "The richness of this chocolate mousse is off the charts!" Sometimes richness also means "intensity," as in the richness of the deep blue sky.
WORD FAMILY
richness: richnesses+/ enrich: enriched, enriches, enriching, enrichment / enrichment: enrichments/ rich: enrich, richer, richest, richly, richness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the richness of his poetic imagination, as shown in these three etudes, Trifonov may be peerless today .
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It needs to be dark enough to cut the round, sweet richness of the custard: Aim for dark amber.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In conversations with Hustvedt, the observation is slightly different: it’s hard not to be amazed at the richness, the texture of her views.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 丰富; 浓烈; 富裕; 富饶
分布：丰富(94%)，富裕(3%)，肥沃(3%)
→rich,富有的，丰富的，-ness,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
A LOT OF STH 丰富
■when something has a lot of a particular quality or valuable substance 丰富；富饶
• We were impressed by the great richness of detail in her painting. 她的画作着重细节刻画，给我们留下很深的印象。
['rɪtʃ.nəs] noun uncountable
ATTRACTIVE 吸引的
■when a colour, sound, smell or taste is strong in a pleasing or attractive way （颜色）浓重的；（声音）浑厚的，圆润洪亮的；（味道）馥郁的
• richness of flavour 香味馥郁
• It's a wonderful painting - I love the richness of the colours. 这是一幅极好的画作——我喜欢它那浓重的色彩。
['rɪtʃ.nəs] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
■when food contains a large amount of butter, oil, eggs, or cream 油腻的
• The richness of the food made him feel slightly ill. 食物太油腻了，他吃了觉得有些不适。
n. 丰富；富裕；肥沃；华美
 - abundance, plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, enrichment

Word: hysterical
Front: hysterical
[hɪˈsterɪkl] (研六雅 9244/9795 -1)
Vocabulary: hysterical
(once / 964 pages)
adj
Hysterical means "marked by uncontrollable, extreme emotion." If your favorite sports team wins a championship, you might get hysterical and started weeping and screaming all at once.
Hysterical comes from the medical Latin word hystericus, which described a female neurotic condition, thought to be caused by a dysfunction of the uterus. Hysterical is still used today by psychiatrists, though in a broader way, to describe someone suffering from a psychological stress condition. Hysterical can also mean "extremely funny," even more so than hilarious.
WORD FAMILY
hysterical: hysterically+/ hysteria: hysterias, hysterical /hysteric: hysteria, hysterics
USAGE EXAMPLES
We drank some beers and tried to entertain our son who was hysterical with exhaustion.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
But Leicestershire Chief Constable Simon Cole said it was sometimes wrongly presented in "hysterical" terms as a spying operation.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Headlines about China’s attacks bordered on the hysterical.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 情绪异常激动的; 歇斯底里般的; 癔病的; 癔病性
分布：歇斯底里的(81%)，异常兴奋的(19%)
→来自希腊语hystera,子宫，词源同uterus.在古希腊时期的医学观点认为妇女的子宫功能失调会导致一种神经性疾病，即癔病。
a.情绪异常激动的,歇斯底里的We tried to stop the hysterical patient.我们想办法让这个歇斯底里的病人平静下来.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■unable to control your feelings or behaviour because you are extremely frightened, angry, excited, etc 歇斯底里的；情绪过分激动的
• Calm down, you're getting hysterical. 冷静下来，你太激动了。
• The police were accused of hysterical over-reaction. 警方被指责有些歇斯底里、反应过敏。
• hysterical laughter (= uncontrolled laughter) 歇斯底里般的笑声
■informal
■extremely funny 极为滑稽的
• His last film was hysterical. 他最新的电影非常滑稽。
adj. 歇斯底里的；异常兴奋的
 - fey

Word: listening
Front: listening
['lɪsənɪŋ] (7416/7589)
Back: adj. 收听的，收听无线电广播的; 助听用的
v. 倾听( listen的现在分词 ); 留心听; 听信; （让对方注意）听着
分布：倾听(80%)，收听(17%)，动词listen的现在分词.(3%)
VERB
（注意地）听
If you listen to someone who is talking or to a sound, you give your attention to them or it.
例：He spent his time listening to the radio...他听收音机打发时间。
例：Sonia was not listening.索尼娅没有用心听。
VERB
留神听；留心听
If you listen for a sound, you keep alert and are ready to hear it if it occurs.
例：We listen for footsteps approaching...我们留神听是不是有脚步声传来。
例：They're both asleep upstairs, but you don't mind listening just in case of trouble, do you?他们都在楼上睡着了，但你不介意留神听着点以防万一吧？
VERB
听从；听信
If you listen to someone, you do what they advise you to do, or you believe them.
例：Anne, you need to listen to me this time...安妮，这次你得听我的。
例：When I asked him to stop, he would not listen.我叫他停下，可他不听。
CONVENTION
听着；听我说
You say listen when you want someone to pay attention to you because you are going to say something important.
例：Listen, I finish at one.听我说，我一点钟收工。
CONVENTION
听我说
You say listen up when you want someone to listen to what you are going to say.
例：Okay, listen up, guys. We've got to talk a little about how you look.好了，听我说，各位。我们需要谈谈大家的形象问题。
CONVENTION
（尤用于生气时）给我听好了
You say listen here when you are going to say something important to someone, especially when you are angry at what they have done or said.
例：Listen here, young lady. Don't you call me that!你给我听着，小姐。别那样叫我！
n. 倾听
 - ear

Word: twenty-two
Front: twenty-two
[ˌtwentɪ'tu:] None
Back: 二十二
分布：二十二(94%)，二十二的(3%)，22口径的步枪(3%)

Word: fraternity
Front: fraternity
[frəˈtɜ:nəti] (宝 9247/11321 -1)
Vocabulary: fraternity
(once / 1349 pages)
n
A fraternity is a group of people who work in the same industry or have similar careers. Your dad's fraternity of firefighters holds lots of charity events and get-togethers.
Most often, a fraternity is a social club or group made up of men, but it can refer to any organization of people with something in common. At a college or university, a fraternity is a club for men that's by invitation only. Members of these frats, as they are called, often live together in one house and socialize primarily with each other. Fraternity comes from the Latin word fraternitatem, meaning "brotherhood."
WORD FAMILY
fraternity: fraternities+/ fraternal: fraternalest, fraternally, fraternise, fraternity, fraternize /fraternisation: fraternisations/fraternise: fraternisation, fraternised, fraternising/fraternization: fraternizations/ fraternize: fraternization, fraternized, fraternizes, fraternizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gerard: Yeah, I drink Natty on weekends and was president of my fraternity, but I think there’s more to me than that.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He says the fourth fraternity, Alpha Sigma Phi, is still under interim suspension.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It offers, he added, “a message of fraternity, of sharing, of welcome and solidarity.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 兄弟会; 大学生联谊会; 友爱
分布：兄弟会(69%)，友爱(24%)，手足之情(3%)，同人(2%)，兄弟般的感情(2%)
→来自拉丁语frater, 兄弟，词源同brother.
兄弟情谊[fratern=brother(兄弟)]
US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun
GROUP 群体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who have the same job or interest （有相同职业或兴趣爱好的）群体，集团
• the legal fraternity (= lawyers) 律师界同人
• the criminal fraternity (= criminals) 犯罪团伙
• The racing world is a pretty close-knit fraternity. 赛马界是一个联系相当密切的群体。
countable [+ sing/pl verb] (informal frat) US
■a social organization for male students at an American or Canadian college （美国或加拿大的）男大学生联谊会 Compare sorority
UK [frə'tɜ:.nə.ti] US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun
FRIENDSHIP 友谊
uncountable
■a feeling of friendship and support 友爱，友谊
• He described sport as a symbol of peace and a means of promoting fraternity between nations. 他把体育运动描述为和平的象征和增进民族友谊的手段。
n. 友爱；兄弟会；互助会；大学生联谊会
 - friendship, brotherliness

Word: folly
Front: folly
[ˈfɒli] (托宝 9254/5403 -1)
Vocabulary: folly
(once / 193 pages)
n
Folly is a noun that means "foolish or crazy behavior." It would be folly to spend all night playing video games when you have a difficult exam the next day.
Folly comes from the Old French word folie meaning "madness, stupidity." It can describe the silly or nonsensical things you do, like the folly of trying to rush across town in the middle of a snowstorm. Or it can describe the trait that makes people act that way: the folly of an inexperienced driver who doesn't know you can't speed on snow-covered roads. Can you see the word fool in folly? Not a coincidence.
WORD FAMILY
folly: follies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The film glimpses European fractures and follies through a personal story that remains as schematic and impersonal as a position paper.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Tversky seemed to study human folly through a telescope, as if he were peering at a far-off land.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
The weight of folly either side was not equal.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 蠢笨; 愚行; 讽刺剧
分布：愚蠢(91%)，荒唐事(9%)
→来自fool，傻瓜。
【记】fool（n 白痴；受骗者）
【反】sagacity（n 聪明；睿智）
US ['fɑ:.li] noun
STUPIDITY 愚蠢
countable or uncountable formal
■stupidity, or a stupid action, idea, etc 愚蠢；愚蠢的行为（或念头等）
• She said that the idea was folly. 她说这是个愚蠢的主意。
• [+ to infinitive] It would be folly for the country to become involved in the war. 那个国家要是参战的话实属愚蠢之举。
UK ['fɒl.i] US ['fɑ:.li] noun
BUILDING 建筑
countable
■(especially in Britain) a building in the form of a small castle, temple , etc., that has been built as a decoration in a large garden or park 装饰性建筑（尤指见于英国花园或公园内的小型城堡、殿堂等）
• a Gothic garden folly 一个哥德式的花园建筑
n. 愚蠢；荒唐事；讽刺剧
 - simplicity, stupidity

Word: germ
Front: germ
[dʒɜ:m] (研四六托雅宝 9241/11643 -1)
Vocabulary: germ
(once / 495 pages)
n
A germ is a tiny life form that spreads disease. Germs are also small things that grow into larger things — whether animals, plants, or ideas.
Germ is not a technical term, but you've probably heard it used in reference to tiny organisms (such as bacteria) that cause disease. A germ is also any small structure, such as a fertilized egg, that grows into something larger. A seed that grows into a plant is a germ. In some cases, you can talk about ideas as germs. The inspiration for a book or movie can be described as the germ of the project. Germs are small, but they start big things.
WORD FAMILY
germ: germinal, germinate, germs, germy+/ germinal: germinally/ germinate: germinated, germinates, germinating, germination/germination: germinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican leaders are quick to note that, while Garland appears to be qualified, his name is an anagram for “Rancid Lark Germ.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In “20th Century Women,” this provided the germ of an opening-scene flashback.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At the earliest stages of life, in the embryo, our germ cells begin to develop.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [生]幼芽，胚芽; 微生物; 起源，萌芽
分布：细菌(49%)，胚芽(36%)，微生物(15%)
→来自拉丁语germen, 来自词根gen, 生育，萌芽，词源同generate. 字母n在m前r 化，比较carcinogen, 来自cancer. 后用于科学术语，细菌。
细菌[germ=seed,表示"种子"]
n.微生物,细菌The thermal therapy terminated after the terminal germ seminar.热疗在期末细菌研讨会后终止了.
【参】germicide（n 杀菌剂）cide杀；suicide（n 自杀）
US [dʒɝ:m] noun
ORGANISM 生物体
 ADVANCED countable usually plural
■a very small organism that causes disease 病菌；细菌
• Wash your hands so you don't get germs on the food. 洗洗手，你就不会把细菌弄到食物上了。
• Rats and flies spread germs. 老鼠和苍蝇传播病菌。
UK [dʒɜ:m] US [dʒɝ:m] noun
AMOUNT 数量
germ of sth
only singular
■a small amount, usually one which develops into something large or important （通常指发展成为巨大或重要事物）的发端，发源，萌芽
• He found the germ of an idea in an old newspaper. 他的想法萌生于一份旧报纸。
bacteria, germ, virus, bug, microbe
这组词都有“致病的微生物”的意思，其区别是：
bacteria: (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。
germ: 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。
virus: 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。
bug: 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe: 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。
n. [植] 胚芽，萌芽； [微] 细菌
 - seed, plantule
vi. 萌芽
 - burgeon, spring up

Word: unofficial
Front: unofficial
[ˌʌnəˈfɪʃl] (9256/7790 -2)
Back: adj. 非官方的，非正式的; 不作为官方活动的
分布：非官方的(69%)，非正式的(31%)
非官方的(un+official官方的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
adjective
■not official; not from a person in authority, the government, etc. 非正式的；非官方的
• unofficial estimates/figures/reports 非官方的估计／数位／报道
adj. [经管] 非官方的；非正式的
 - informal, imperscriptible

Word: butcher
Front: butcher
[ˈbʊtʃə(r)] (高研四六雅 8421/8559 -1)
Vocabulary: butcher
(once / 470 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
The person whose job it is to cut up and sell meat is called a butcher. Your grandmother might go to the butcher once a week to buy pork chops.
A butcher is an expert at preparing cuts of meat and poultry in a butcher shop or the meat section of a supermarket. You can also call a person whose job is slaughtering farm animals a butcher. Because this is a fairly bloody, gory occupation, the word is also used to mean a cruel, ruthless murderer. It comes from the Old French bochier, "butcher," or literally, "slaughterer of goats," from bouc, "male goat."
WORD FAMILY
butcher: butchered, butchering, butcherly, butchers, butchery+/butchering: butcherings/butchery: butcheries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any product with more than 8 percent foreign meat must say where the animal was born, raised and butchered.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Once a butchers’ headquarters,the building is now home to bars and a few artisan shops.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 屠夫，屠户; 屠杀者，刽子手; 残酷的人; 肉铺
vt. 屠宰; 屠杀; 弄砸，弄糟; 把…处死刑
时态：butchered, butchering, butchers
分布：屠夫(66%)，屠宰(14%)，肉商(9%)，刽子手(6%)，小贩(2%)，滥杀(2%)，将某事弄得一团糟(1%)
→来自buck, 雄鹿, 公羊。插入字母t. 卖羊肉的人。
n.屠夫,卖肉者The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
【记】读：不齿。令人不齿的人－刽子手
US [-ɚ] noun countable
WORK 工作
 ADVANCED
■a person who sells meat in a shop 肉商，肉贩
 ADVANCED (UK also butcher's)
■a shop where butchers work 肉店，肉铺
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
MURDER 谋杀
■someone who murders a lot of people, especially in a cruel way 杀人魔王
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
have a butcher's UK old-fashioned slang
■to look at something 看一看
• Let's have a butcher's at your present, then. 那么，让我们看一看你的礼物。
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to cut an animal into pieces of meat 屠宰，宰杀
■to kill someone in a very violent way 屠杀，杀戮
vt. 屠杀
 - put to the sword, shed blood
n. 屠夫
 - slaughterer, flesher

Word: chic
Front: chic
[ʃi:k] (雅宝 9263/12437 -1)
Vocabulary: chic
(once / 3285 pages)
adjn
Something that's chic is fashionable or stylish. If you see a chic outfit in the window of a chic boutique, you might imagine that buying it will make you as chic as a fashion model.
Chic can also be used as an noun to mean a specific type of stylishness or coolness, like a downtown urban chic (skinny jeans, perhaps), or nerdy chic (big glasses). Chic is a French word, so remember, whether it's an adjective or a noun, to pronounce it as “sheek” and not “chick,” so you can sound as chic as you look!
WORD FAMILY
chic: chicest, chicly, chicness, chics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In our famously unstylish city, folks are lining up to gaze upon the peak of chic.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
I left Chic in the early ’80s, and the very first record I did after that was David Bowie, “Let’s Dance.”
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. <法>漂亮的，时髦的，潇洒的; 别致的
n. 高雅，雅致
分布：别致(37%)，时尚(26%)，别致的(23%)，时髦的(14%)
→词源不详。
adjective
■stylish and fashionable 时髦的；优雅的；雅致的
• I like your haircut - it's very chic. 我喜欢你的发型——很时髦。
• a chic restaurant 高雅的餐厅
n. 时髦；别致的款式
 - stylishness, trendiness
adj. 别致的
 - picturesque

Word: stray
Front: stray
[streɪ] (六托宝 9258/9489 -2)
Vocabulary: stray
(once / 404 pages)
vnadj
Little Red Riding Hood strayed from the path and ended up getting eaten by the Big Bad Wolf. When you stray, you wander off without paying attention to where you're going, and sometimes you get in trouble.
Stray can be used as a verb or as a noun. Your attention may stray when you're tired and listening to a very boring lecture. You may be the kind of person who brings home strays, the dogs and cats that have wandered away from their homes and are lost and hungry. When you're organizing your sock drawer and you've got one sock without a mate, you might find the stray sock left behind in the dryer.
WORD FAMILY
stray: strayed, strayer, strayest, straying, strays+/strayer: strayers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They watched mortar shells or stray bullets kill their relatives and neighbors.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
So apparently it is only when his bending over backward results in a broken back does he stray from his false-balance goal.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A stray backpack prompted the partial evacuation of the tower Tuesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 走失; 偏离正题; 走入歧途; （已婚者或有固定关系者）有外遇
n. 走失的动物，离群者; 迷路的孩子; 不在原位置的东西
adj. 独自的，零散的; （常指宠物）走失的; 无主的; 意外的
时态：strayed, straying, strays
分布：偏离(40%)，迷路(28%)，迷途的(17%)，走失的家畜(8%)，浪子(5%)，偏离的(2%)
→来自古法语 estraier,漫游，流浪，偏离，可能来自通俗拉丁语*estragare,缩写自 estravagare, 来自拉丁语 extra vagari,漫游，偏离，词源同 extravagant,vagary.拼写比较 strange,extraneous.
【记】源于：street（n 街道）
verb intransitive
■to travel along a route that was not originally intended, or to move outside a limited area 偏离原路；越过限定区域
• A herd of cattle had strayed into the road. 一群牛迷途，上了公路。
• They got lost when they strayed too far from the footpath. 他们偏离小路太远，迷了路。
• The ship strayed off course during the storm. 船在暴风雨中偏离了航道。
■to start thinking or talking about a different subject from the one you should be giving attention to 偏离主题；离题
• I think we've strayed too far from our original plan. 我想我们偏离原来的计划太远了。
• Sorry - I've strayed from the subject. 对不起——我离题了。
[streɪ] noun countable
■a pet that no longer has a home or cannot find its home 流浪宠物；走失的宠物
• a stray dog 流浪狗
• "Who owns that cat?" "I don't know. I think it must be a stray." “那只猫是谁的？”“我不知道。我觉得它肯定是只流浪猫。”
[streɪ] adjective [before noun]
■Stray things have moved apart from similar things and are not in their expected or intended place 零星的，零落的
• There are still a few stray spots of paint on the window pane. 窗户玻璃上还有零星的几个油漆点。
• Several journalists have been killed or injured by stray bullets while reporting on the civil war. 有几位记者在报导内战时因被流弹打中而丧命或负伤。
vi. 流浪；迷路；偏离
 - lose oneself, vagabondize
adj. 迷路的； [动] 离群的；偶遇的
 - astray
n. 走失的家畜；流浪者
 - Vagabonds, Nads

Word: affinity
Front: affinity
[əˈfɪnəti] (托宝 9246/6169 -1)
Vocabulary: affinity
(once / 1056 pages)
n
If you get along with someone very well, you have an affinity with them. Sometimes opposites attract, so you might feel a strange affinity to someone who is seemingly very different from you.
When you are attracted to someone or something a great deal, we say that you have an affinity, a natural connection. Likewise, scientists use affinity to describe organisms that are alike or resemble each other. Interestingly, the Middle English word, affinite, originally applied to people who were connected or related by marriage, rather than by biology.
WORD FAMILY
affinity: affinities+/affine: affines, affinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cody’s affinity for children is rooted in his own childhood.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
This news was accompanied by candidate Trump’s strange affinity for Vladimir Putin.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
But it is Mr Trump’s affinity with Mr Putin, rather than Russia’s active measures, that helped him win.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 密切关系，姻亲关系; （男女之间的）吸引力，吸引人的异性; 类同; 类似，近似
分布：密切关系(45%)，吸引力(43%)，姻亲(12%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。词根fin, 范围，见finish. 原指结为亲家，纳入亲人范围，后指喜爱。
亲戚;密切关系(af+fin范围+ity→一再能进[别人]范围→亲密)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
密切关系(af+fin边界,尽头...边界相接...关系密切)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
【记】1）af一个，fin范围，ity名词后缀－在一个范围内－有密切关系2）affi读：爱抚，ni拼：你，ty读：他－爱抚你和他－亲密关系
【参】infinite（adj 无限的）；confine（vt 限制，监禁）
【反】aversion（n 厌恶，讨厌的事和人）；repugnance（n 深恶痛绝）；antipathy（n 憎恶；反感）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
only singular
■a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics （尤指因为有相同的特征而引起的）情投意合，喜爱，吸引
• She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water. 她好像天生就喜欢水。
countable or uncountable
■a close similarity between two things 类同，雷同
• There are several close affinities between the two paintings. 这两幅画有多处非常相似的地方。
n. 密切关系；吸引力； [法] 姻亲关系；类同
 - appeal, charm

Word: secondary
Front: secondary
[ˈsekəndri] (研四六托雅 3455/2098 -K2)
Vocabulary: secondary
(once / 466 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Something secondary is second most important. This can also refer to things that are not important at all.
If you have a primary duty, that's what you need to do first. Secondary duties must be done next, since second is a form of the number two. You could say your secondary goal at a job is to get experience, if your main goal is to make money. Also, people will sometimes say, "This is our goal. Everything else is secondary." That means other concerns are trivial or unimportant. Either way, secondary things never come first.
WORD FAMILY
secondary: secondaries, secondarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Commonly called “secondary hearts,” these muscles pump blood back to our heart, allowing us to maintain our normal rate of metabolic activity during sedentary activities.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The defensive line, linebacking group and secondary are all areas of need.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“With the legislation currently in place, it’s incredibly difficult for law enforcement to track down guns that emerge from the secondary market.”
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 第二的，中等的; 助手，副手; 中等教育的; 间接的
n. 副手，代理人; [天]双星中较小较暗的一个，卫星; [语]次重音
分布：次要的(60%)，副手(15%)，从属的(12%)，中等教育的(9%)，次要位置(4%)
→second,第二的，-ary,形容词后缀。
a.次要的,二级的;中级的,第二的Another name for secondary school is high school.中学又叫高级中学.
US [-der.i] adjective
EDUCATION 教育
 ADVANCED [before noun]
■relating to the education of children approximately between the ages of 11 and 18 years old 中学的
• secondary education 中等教育
• Marcus has just started at secondary school. 马库斯刚开始上中学。
UK ['sek.ən.dri] US [-der.i] adjective
LESS IMPORTANT 次要的
■less important than related things 次要的
• Her health is what matters - the cost of the treatment is of secondary importance. 她的健康是最重要的，治疗费用是其次。
• The need for secrecy is secondary to the need to take immediate action. 立即采取行动比保守秘密更重要。
UK ['sek.ən.dri] US [-der.i] adjective
COMING AFTER 后来的
■developing from something similar that existed earlier 继发的；间接的
• The drug is not very effective against AIDS, though it may be used to treat secondary viral infections. 这药虽然可以用来治疗复发性病毒感染，但对治疗爱滋病本身不是很有效。
• You can't just rely on secondary sources for your research into her life history - you ought to look at primary sources such as her letters and diaries. 你研究她的生平不能单靠二手资料，你应该查找原始资料，如她的信件和日记。
minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
这组词都有“次等”的意思，其区别是：
minor: a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
 • We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.   我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
inferior: a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当"下级"讲时，强调职位的高低；当"次等"讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。
 • Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.   产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
secondary: a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
 • My job is of secondary importance to my health.   我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
subordinate: a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。
 • He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.   她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
adj. [数] [地质] 第二的；中等的； [电] 次要的；中级的
 - medium, supporting, middle, minor, moderate
n. 副手；代理人
 - deputy, agent, factor, proxy

Word: drugstore
Front: drugstore
[ˈdrʌgstɔ:(r)] (9245/47056 -K1)
Back: n. 药房（兼售化妆品等）; 〈美〉杂货店
分布：杂货店(54%)，药房(46%)
US [-stɔ:r] noun countable
 ADVANCED US for
■ chemist (= a shop where you can buy medicines, make-up, sweets, cigarettes, etc.) （兼售化妆品、糖果、香烟等的）药房
n. [药] 药房（常兼售化妆品、杂志等杂货）；（美）杂货店
 - pharmacy, dispensary

Word: strangle
Front: strangle
[ˈstræŋgl] (9255/9847 -1)
Back: vt. 扼死，勒死，绞死; 使…窒息; 抑制; 压制
vi. 窒息而死，被勒死
时态：strangled, strangling, strangles
分布：勒死(72%)，窒息(19%)，限制(9%)
→来自拉丁语 strangulare,使窒息，使束缚，抑制，来自 strenk,紧的，窄的，拉紧，扭曲， 词源同 strain,stress,strict.引申词义扼死，勒死等。
verb transitive
■to kill someone by pressing their throat so that they cannot breathe 扼死，勒死，掐死
• She had been strangled with her own scarf and her body dumped in the woods. 她被人用她自己的围巾勒死，弃尸于树林里。
■to stop something from developing 抑制，压制；扼杀
• For years, the organization was strangled by excessive bureaucracy. 该机构多年来因官僚作风严重，发展受到阻滞。
• There is a great deal of fear that the new restrictions might strangle the country's economy. 很多人害怕新的限制措施会抑制国家的经济发展。
['stræŋ.gl] verb transitive
strangle sth at birth
■to stop something at an early stage of its development 扼杀于萌芽时；防范于未燃（在某事发生的早期阶段予以阻止）
• It's perfectly natural that she should try to strangle the opposition to her plans at birth. 她应防范于未燃，一早处理对她计划所持的反对意见，这是十分自然的事。
vt. 把…勒死；使…窒息
 - asphyxiate

Word: Haitian
Front: Haitian
['heɪʃ(ə)n] (9225/29140)
Back: n. 海地人；海地语
adj. 海地的；海地人的
分布：海地的(48%)，海地人(42%)，海地语(10%)
noun countable adjective
■Haitian 海地人／海地的

Word: elude
Front: elude
[iˈlu:d] (托宝 9267/11123 -1)
Vocabulary: elude
(once / 637 pages)
v
Elude means evade, or be hard to grasp. "Tom eluded his captors by hiding under a table. Martha tried to understand chemistry, but the subject continued to elude her."
Elude has a slippery feeling to it. You elude the police, math can elude you — and that yak you went to see on safari but never got a glimpse of, you might say that he has eluded you as well. Delude means "to deceive," and there are times when someone can both delude and elude you — like when the conman took your money and then escaped out the back door.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
allude / elude
Allude is coy, to allude is to refer to something in an indirect manner. But elude's favorite thing to do is hide from the cops; it means to evade. Because the accent is on the second syllable in both words, it's easy to get them mixed up.
To allude is to talk around something, give hints, and generally not say what you really want to say. You allude to something when you don't want to say it outright:
In fact, McCarthy alluded to Williams as being an afterthought in Green Bay's game plan. (Washington Post)
Your film alludes to various versions of the "sleeping beauty" myth — was there a single starting point? (New York Times)
To elude, on the other hand, is to get away. Elude does love hiding from the law, but it can also refer to an idea you can't grasp or cheap health care:
It was a secluded zone with no mobile telephone reception — perfect for eluding law enforcement snooping. (New York Times)
Gregory Standifer was arrested at the scene after allegedly attempting to elude police by jumping out of a window, police said. (Chicago Tribune)
How the aspiring artist achieved his accomplished technique eludes us. (New York Times)
Good, cheap health care has long eluded America. (Economist)
Allude to something by saying all but what you actually want to say. Elude evades and gets away, like a name that's on the tip of your tongue.
WORD FAMILY
elude: eluded, eludes, eluding, elusion, elusive +/ elusion: elusions/ elusive: elusively, elusiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He will never be able to elude the often paralyzing seclusion of presidential leadership.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s dealt with a sore right calf but showed no ill effects while smoothly eluding Detroit’s pass rush all night.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two represent individuals whose portraits continue to elude the museum.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 逃避; 使…迷惑; 理解不了; 抓不到
时态：eluded, eluding, eludes
分布：躲避(51%)，逃避(41%)，记不起来(4%)，理解不了(4%)
→e-, 向外。-lud, 玩耍，欺骗，词源同allude, collude.引申义逃走，逃避。
躲避;使...困惑(e出+lude→玩出去→躲出去)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】e出，lude玩－出去玩是为了逃避作业跟着我家小燕子玩，她会有elude一路的问题，所以要逃避
【参】elusive（adj 难懂的；难捉摸的；易忘的）
verb transitive
NOT ACHIEVE 没有达到 formal
■If something that you want eludes you, you do not succeed in achieving it 使达不到；使做不成；使不能实现：
• The gold medal continues to elude her. 金牌依旧和她无缘。
• They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. 他们获得了一些小的突破，但没有获得真正的成功。
[ɪ'lu:d] verb transitive
NOT BE CAUGHT 不被抓住
■to not be caught by someone 避开，逃避，躲避
• They eluded the police by fleeing. 他们纷纷逃窜，避开了警方的搜捕。
[ɪ'lu:d] verb transitive
NOT REMEMBER 没有记住 formal
■If a piece of information eludes you, you cannot remember it 使记不起来
• I know who you mean but her name eludes me. 我知道你说的是谁，但就是想不起她的名字了。
vt. 逃避，躲避
 - escape, avoid, get out of

Word: appetizer
Front: appetizer
[ˈæpɪtaɪzə(r)] (宝 9260/-)
Vocabulary: appetizer
(once / 12468 pages)
n
An appetizer is part of a meal that's served before the main course. You might serve your dinner guests an appetizer of crab-stuffed mushrooms when they first arrive for dinner.
Usually, an appetizer is a small serving of food — just a few bites — meant to be eaten before an entree, and often shared by several people. You can also call an appetizer an hors d'oeuvre. An appetizer is meant to stimulate your appetite, making you extra hungry for your meal. This is where the word comes from, literally meaning "something to whet the appetite" or "something to appetize."
WORD FAMILY
appetizer: appetizers+/appetiser: appetisers/appetising: appetisingly, appetisingness, unappetising/ appetite: appetiser, appetising, appetites, appetitive, appetizer, appetizing / appetizing: appetizingly, appetizingness, unappetizing/unappetising: unappetisingness/unappetizing: unappetizingly, unappetizingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’ve recently discovered the green lentil azifa salad, which is a great appetizer or even a light lunch in itself.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The photos of opulent surroundings and the descriptions of fancy appetizers suggest to me that the journalists are being played.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
For our Hanukkah menus, we prepare fried appetizers using ingredients from the lands of the Bible.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 开胃品; 促进食欲的活动; 刺激欲望的东西; 吊胃口的东西
分布：开胃菜(100%)
开胃食品(appet胃口+izer东西)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
US [-zɚ] noun countable
■a small amount of food eaten before a meal （餐前的）开胃小吃
• At 6:30, everyone gathered for drinks and appetizers in the lounge. 6点30分，大家聚在休息室中喝饮料，吃小吃。
■mainly US
■the first part of a meal （一顿饭的）第一道菜，前菜
• The average cost of a full three-course meal - appetizer, main course and dessert - including tip and a modest wine is about $45. 一顿包括前菜、主菜和甜点三部分的全份西餐——包括小费和一瓶普通葡萄酒——一般要花45美元左右。
n. 开胃物，开胃食品
 - whet

Word: replica
Front: replica
[ˈreplɪkə] (托宝 9266/8571 -1)
Vocabulary: replica
(once / 2280 pages)
n
A replica of something is a close — sometimes exact — likeness. The "Mona Lisa" that you bought at the department store is not the original but a replica of Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece. Sorry, but you can always take it back.
If imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, a replica is pure adulation. Someone creating a replica is creating an imitation of the original. The word first appeared in 17th-century Italy, taking its meaning from the word replicare, "to reply or repeat," as used in music. In time, it came to mean a copy, often of a work of art. In a stricter sense, the word refers to a copy created or supervised by the artist of the original work.
WORD FAMILY
replica: replicas, replicate +/ replicate: replicated, replicates, replicating, replication / replication: replications
USAGE EXAMPLES
A collection of nine black powder rifles, replicas of the sort used in the Revolutionary and Civil wars.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Now the authority is spending about that much to remove the old sign and replace it with a more efficient one that’s an exact replica.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The tiny lakeside town of Port Clinton, Ohio, will celebrate the new year by dropping a 20-foot-long, 600-pound replica of a walleye fish.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 复制品
分布：复制品(100%)
→来自拉丁语 replica,复制，重复，来自 replicare,复制，词源同 replicate.
复制品(re+plic+a表名词)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
noun countable
■an exact copy of an object 复制品；仿制品；摹本
• The ship is an exact replica of the original Golden Hind. 这艘船是按照“金色石斑鱼”号原样仿造的。
n. [古] [电影] 复制品，复制物
 - reproduction, ectype

Word: sprawl
Front: sprawl
[sprɔ:l] (托雅宝 9269/12278 -1)
Vocabulary: sprawl
(once / 887 pages)
vn
When you sprawl, you spread out in an ungainly way, like when you're lying down comfortably on the sofa with your legs and arms flung out around you.
As a noun, the most common use of this word nowadays is in the phrase "urban sprawl" (or "suburban sprawl"), which describes municipal development — things like new neighborhoods, shopping malls, and office complexes — that spreads out of control, according to no approved plan, and usually with pretty ugly results.
WORD FAMILY
sprawl: sprawled, sprawler, sprawling, sprawls, sprawly+/sprawler: sprawlers/ sprawling: sprawlingly, sprawlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is not uncommon for new development plans in Northern Virginia to raise hackles among residents who want to limit suburban sprawl.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
More often, they say, they’re considering sprawl a health hazard.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The report suggests rewarding communities that build housing near jobs and transportation, but penalizing suburban sprawl by linking it to California climate change legislation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 伸开四肢坐[躺]; 蔓延; 杂乱无序地拓展
n. （城市）杂乱无序拓展的地区; 随意扩展; 蔓延; 蔓延物
时态：sprawled, sprawling, sprawls
分布：蔓延(45%)，扩张(39%)，躺卧(14%)，使蔓延(2%)
→可能最终来自 sper,播洒，散播，展开，词源同 spark,spread.引申词义蔓延，杂乱的扩张。 拼写受 crawl 影响。
【记】源于：crawl（n /v 爬）－懒散的趴在地上－舒展四肢坐、躺
【区】scrawl（v 潦草地写）
【参】sprawling（adj 蔓生的；无计划的）
US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
verb
BODY 身体
intransitive
■to spread the arms and legs out carelessly and untidily while sitting or lying down （懒散地）摊开四肢坐（或躺）
• I knocked into her in the corridor and sent her sprawling (= knocked her over). 我在走廊里和她迎头相撞，把她撞了个四脚朝天。
UK [sprɔ:l] US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
verb
CITY 城市
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(especially of a city) to cover a large area of land with buildings which have been added at different times so that it looks untidy （尤指城市）杂乱无序地扩展，散乱地延伸
• The refugee camps sprawl across the landscape. 眼前杂乱地散落着许多难民营。
UK [sprɔ:l] US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
noun
BODY 身体
uncountable
■a position with the arms and legs spread out carelessly and untidily while sitting or lying down （懒散地）摊开四肢坐（或躺）
UK [sprɔ:l] US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
noun
CITY 城市
countable usually singular
■a large area of land covered with buildings which have been added at different times so that it looks untidy 没有城市规划（某地大面积散布的建筑物，是随时间而增加的、无计划的，因此看起来不整齐）
• the urban sprawl of South Florida 佛罗里达州南部杂乱无序的城市扩展
vi. 蔓延；伸开手足躺；无计划地扩展
 - creep, to spread
vt. 懒散地伸开；使蔓生
 - sprig
n. 蔓生；伸开手足躺卧姿势
 - rampancy

Word: contingent
Front: contingent
[kənˈtɪndʒənt] (托宝 9268/8532 -2)
Vocabulary: contingent
(once / 629 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
The adjective contingent can be used to describe when something can occur only when something else does first. Making money is contingent on finding a good-paying job.
When something is contingent it means that the possibility of an event or situation depends on another happening or being true first. For example, sometimes people want to buy a new house but they make the purchase of the house they want to buy contingent upon someone else buying their old house first. That way they don't end up owning two houses!
WORD FAMILY
contingent: contingency, contingently, contingents+/ contingency: contingencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, both governments maintain that the visits were separate and not contingent upon one another.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
For the local contingent, matchups with Northeastern schools represent both an intimidating challenge and a welcome break from routine.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Navy personnel in dress white uniforms accompanied them, along with senior aides and a small contingent of reporters.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 依情况而定的; 取决于…的
n. 分遣队; 代表团
分布：代表团(44%)，取决于(36%)，小分队(8%)，不可预知的(4%)，偶然的事情(4%)，经验主义的(4%)
→来自contingency, 紧急事件，或处理紧急事件的人。
依条件而定的(con共同+ting+ent→(根据)大家接触到的情况而定)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
【记】con共同，ting＝tig接触－我们竟然共同接触在一起了－意外的con共同，ting拼：听－我们一起听新闻，因为有意外发生了，比如：美国停止签证10年！！然后看天气预报，因为我们不用被单词了，我们要去野餐，但是要是天气情况而定。
【参】contingency（n 偶然性；意外事故）
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people representing an organization or country, or a part of a military force （代表某一组织或国家的）代表团；（军队的）分遣队，小分队
• The French contingent certainly made their presence known at this year's conference. 法国代表团在今年的会议上确实表现出众。
• a large contingent of voluntary soldiers 一支由志愿兵组成的庞大分遣队
[kən'tɪn.dʒənt] adjective formal
contingent on/upon sth
■depending on something else in the future in order to happen 视…而定的；因…而变的；取决于…的
• Outdoor arrangements are, as ever, contingent on the weather. 同以前一样，室外布置依天气而定。
• Our success is contingent upon your support. 我们的成功有赖于你的支援。
adj. 因情况而异的；不一定的；偶然发生的
 - occurrent, chancy
n. 分遣队；偶然事件；分得部分
 - happenchance, detachment

Word: daring
Front: daring
[ˈdeərɪŋ] (四六托 9273/9571 -2)
Vocabulary: daring
(once / 262 pages)
nadj
To be daring is to be bold, adventurous, and a little nervy. It’s a quality possessed by people who tend to take risks. If someone says, “I dare you,” and you always do, you’re a daring person.
If you're daring, you dare to do things that are risky and even dangerous. A daring mountain climber goes for the top of Mount Everest, and a daring policeman enters the scariest houses to catch a crook. In comics and movies, superheroes are daring. Even quitting your job to start your own business is daring. The seafarers who first traveled across the globe were daring. Daring people are brave, and daring adventures are pretty exciting.
WORD FAMILY
daring: daringest, daringly, darings+/ dare: dared, dares, daring
USAGE EXAMPLES
This happens often, but instead of just audio, Jarmusch scribbles Paterson’s verses across the screen, daring us to really consider the words.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Call it moviegoers hungry for a sassy robot and some daring acts of galactic rebellion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And their most daring harmonic adventures—for example, the otherworldly modulations in the “Confiteor” of the B-Minor Mass—look ahead to Wagner, even to Schoenberg.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 勇敢; 鲁莽
adj. 胆大的，勇敢的; 意气风发的
v. 敢(dare的现在分词)
分布：大胆的(41%)，勇敢(28%)，勇敢的(19%)，勇气(12%)
→来自dare, 勇于，敢于。
US ['der.ɪŋ] adjective
■brave and taking risks 有勇气的，大胆的；勇于冒险的
• a daring escape 大胆的逃亡
• This is a daring new film (= one willing to risk criticism) by one of our most original modern directors. 这是一部相当大胆的新片，执导者是现代一位富有创意的导演。
• She was wearing a rather daring (= sexually exciting) skirt that only just covered her bottom. 她的穿着非常大胆，短短的裙子刚刚能够遮住臀部。
brave, bold, daring, heroic, fearless, courageous
这组词都有“勇敢的”的意思，其区别是：
brave: 含义广泛，指天生的勇敢，无所畏惧地面对困难与危险，侧重胆识与果断。
bold: 侧重指面对困难或危险时勇往直前，勇于进取的勇敢精神。
daring: 强调面临意外或危险时胆大心细，头脑冷静。褒义贬义均可用，贬义指胆大妄为。
heroic: 正式用词，多指在战争或重大危险时，为他人为事业忘我献身的英雄气概。
fearless: 语气肯定，侧重在危险时无所畏惧，毫无动摇。
courageous: 正式用词，侧重指在一切情况下都有胆量，无所畏惧，强调基于道德信念，经深思熟虑后所产生的勇敢。
adj. 大胆的，勇敢的
 - bold, game, brave
n. 胆量，勇气
 - courage, nerve, heart

Word: firsthand
Front: firsthand
['fɜ:st'hænd] (9274/37760)
Vocabulary: firsthand
(once / 7425 pages)
adjadv
Anything firsthand is directly experienced, so your firsthand knowledge of the new math teacher's purple hair comes from the fact that you've seen it with your very own eyes.
When you get information from someone who saw something happen or heard something said, that's firsthand evidence. And anything you see or hear yourself is also firsthand. Your summer job might be a firsthand look at what farming is really like. Interviewing a witness to a crime gives a police officer firsthand testimony about what exactly happened. This word, coined around 1690, comes from the idea that the maker of something is its first hand.
WORD FAMILY
firsthand
USAGE EXAMPLES
"They provide a firsthand look at the dangerous situations officers encounter on a daily basis, and improve transparency while building trust."
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“We are not inclined to consider this information as firsthand. The accuracy of these words first needs to be checked.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
There are so many survivors’ firsthand accounts about life after nuclear attack to read.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. （得自）直接来源的[地]; 第一手的[地]; 亲身; 原始
分布：第一手的(56%)，直接得来的(22%)，直接地(22%)
adj. 直接的；直接采购的；直接得来的
 - immediate, direct, right
adv. 直接地
 - directly, straight, immediately, fair

Word: advancing
Front: advancing
[ədˈvɑ:nsɪŋ] (9272/9486)
Back: n. 进步; 超前; 提前; 推进
v. （使）前进( advance的现在分词 ); （使）发展; 促进; 提高
分布：前进的(79%)，增加的(14%)，动词advance的现在分词形式.(7%)
US [-'vænt-] adjective
advancing age/years
■If you talk about someone's advancing age, you mean that they are getting older 年事已高
• He only recently stopped working, due to his advancing years. 他直到最近才因年事已高停止工作。
adj. 前进的；年长的
 - older, senior, ongoing
v. 前进；超前（advance的ing形式）
 - going, wending

Word: twitch
Front: twitch
[twɪtʃ] (9281/9136 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）抽动，（使）颤动; 猛拉; （使）发生剧痛
n. 痉挛，抽筋; 猛拉，猛抽; 马勒
时态：twitched, twitching, twitches
分布：抽搐(42%)，抽动(27%)，痉挛(15%)，阵痛(7%)，急拉(6%)，扯(3%)
→来自古英语 twiccian,拉，掐，拔出，词源同 tweak.拼写比较 bake,batch.引申词义急拉，抽搐， 痉挛等。
verb
MOVE SLIGHTLY 颤动
intransitive or transitive
■(to cause) to make a sudden small movement with a part of the body, usually without intending to （使）抽搐；（使）抽动；（使）颤动
• He tried to suppress a smile but felt the corner of his mouth twitch. 他试图忍住笑，但感到嘴角在抽动。
• She twitched her nose like a rabbit. 她像兔子一样抽动了一下鼻子。
[twɪtʃ] verb
PULL 拉
transitive
■to give something a sudden light pull 急拉；轻拉；拉扯
• You'll feel something twitch the line when you get a fish. 鱼上钩时，你会感到有东西在轻轻拉钓鱼线。
[twɪtʃ] noun countable
UNCONTROLLED MOVEMENT 抽搐
■a sudden small, usually unintentional, movement of a part of the body 抽搐；抽动；颤动
• I've got a twitch at the corner of my eye. 我的眼角在跳——你看到了吗？
[twɪtʃ] noun countable
PULL 拉
■a sudden light pull or movement 急拉；轻拉；拉扯
n. 抽搐；抽动；痉挛；阵痛
 - fit, tic
vi. 抽搐；抽动；阵痛
 - labor pain
vt. 使抽动；攫取；猛拉
 - grab, pounce at

Word: pup
Front: pup
[pʌp] (9257/12591 -1)
Vocabulary: pup
(once / 2027 pages)
nv
Even though you probably think of a young, cuddly dog when you hear the word pup, a pup is the correct name for the young of many different mammals (even the not-so-cuddly porcupine!).
When your dog has babies, they're pups, and the same is true of baby wolves. What's more surprising is that so are the baby anteaters in the zoo, as well as the offspring of sea lions, gerbils, and mongooses, among others. Sometimes this noun is also used to mean a young person who's particularly naive or arrogant. Pup comes from puppy, from the Middle French poupée, "doll."
WORD FAMILY
pup: pupped, pupping, pups
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their mother will be spayed and also put up for adoption once her pups are no longer breast-feeding.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It features an eagle, one of Carmen’s favorite creatures, with outstretched wings and sharp talons, hovering over a momma wolf and her two pups.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
She spends her days volunteering, exercising, doting on her pups and reading.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 小狗; 自负的傻小子; （小狐，小海豹等）幼小的动物; 〈俚〉学生
vi. 生小狗，生小动物
vt. 生（小狗等小动物）
时态：pupped, pupping, pups
分布：小狗(82%)，小海豹(14%)，小伙子(4%)
→缩写自pup.
noun countable
■the young of particular animals, or a puppy 幼小动物；小狗
• a seal pup 小海豹
• an otter pup 小水獭
n. [脊椎] 小狗；幼畜
 - puppy, Zergling
vt. 生（小狗等小动物）
 - bring into the world

Word: tanker
Front: tanker
[ˈtæŋkə(r)] (高研六 9275/8021 -2)
Back: n. 油罐车; 油轮; 一辆坦克乘员中的一名
分布：油轮(82%)，罐车(17%)，加油飞机(1%)
→来自 tank,水箱。比喻用法。
n.油船The tanker took on 200,000 barrels of crude oil.油轮装载了二十万桶原油.
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a ship or vehicle which is built to carry liquid or gas 油船；槽车
• an oil tanker 油轮

Word: fellowship
Front: fellowship
[ˈfeləʊʃɪp] (研六雅 9276/6152 -1)
Vocabulary: fellowship
(once / 721 pages)
1n 2n
A grant given by a university or foundation to a scholar for research or study is a fellowship. If you get a fellowship to do research on insects, it might bug your colleagues who didn't get one.
Use fellowship to refer to someone's company or companionship. Your grandmother might prefer the fellowship of people her own age, since they remember the same historic events as she does and know the same songs. A fellowship is also a community of people who share common beliefs or interests. A fellowship of knitters might meet weekly at a cafe in your town to exchange ideas and knit together.
WORD FAMILY
fellowship: fellowships+/ fellow: fellows, fellowship
USAGE EXAMPLES
When we win, there is shared pride and a communal awareness that we are part of a unique fellowship.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He left the manpower agency that month for a fellowship at the Institute of Politics at Harvard.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The fellowship is funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 友谊，交情; 会社，团体; 研究员职位; 学术奖金
分布：奖学金(44%)，友谊(34%)，团体(20%)，会员资格(2%)
→fellow, 同伴。-ship, 名词后缀，同friendship. 后用于学术名词。
n.伙伴关系;联谊会,团体We meet regularly for the fellowship.为了增进友谊, 我们定期碰面.
US [-oʊ-] noun
GROUP 团体
countable formal
■a group of people or an organization with the same purpose 团体；协会
• the National Schizophrenia Fellowship 全国精神分裂症协会
• the American Fellowship of Reconciliation 美国和睦团契
uncountable old-fashioned
■a friendly feeling that exists between people who have a shared interest or are doing something as a group 伙伴关系；交情；友谊
• He enjoyed the fellowship of other actors in the company. 他和剧团里其他演员的交情不错。
• Christian fellowship 基督徒的友爱之情
UK ['fel.əʊ.ʃɪp] US [-oʊ-] noun
EDUCATION 教育
countable
■the position of a fellow (= high-ranking teacher at a college) （学院或大学的）研究员职位
• He's been elected to a fellowship at Merton College. 他当选默顿学院的研究员。
countable
■an amount of money that is given to postgraduates to allow them to study a subject at an advanced level 研究生奖学金
• She's applied for a research fellowship. 她已申请了研究生奖学金。
n. 友谊；奖学金；研究员职位
 - friendship, scholarship

Word: ex-wife
Front: ex-wife
['ekswaɪf] None
Back: n. 前妻
分布：前妻(100%)
前妻(ex前+wife妻子)[ex-①表示"出,出去"②表示"前面的,前任的"]
noun countable
■A man's ex-wife is a woman that he was married to but is not now married to. 前妻

Word: overflow
Front: overflow
[ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ] (研六托雅宝 9278/9554 -1)
Vocabulary: overflow
(once / 517 pages)
vn
To overflow is to go beyond filling something with a liquid, so that it gushes over the edges. During heavy rainstorms, rivers sometimes overflow their banks and flood the surrounding land.
Bathwater will overflow the tub if you don't turn the water off, and if you keep pouring coffee after your cup is full, it will also overflow. Literal overflowing involves liquid, but you can also use this verb to mean "fill a container" or "fill with feeling." So your arms can overflow with flowers, and your heart can overflow with happiness. The Old English root is oferfleow, "flood" or "inundate."
WORD FAMILY
overflow: overflowed, overflowing, overflown, overflows+/ flow: flowage, flowed, flowing, flows, inflow, overflow /flowing: flowingly, flowings, inflowing/inflow: inflows/overflowing: overflowingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emerald Coast Utilities Authority issued a notice of a sanitary sewer overflow caused by a 15-minute loss of power from a lightning strike.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier this month, they were still sleeping on cots in the living room, surrounded by their belongings in overflowing boxes and storage containers.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Three more boxes full just arrived to be added to the overflowing filing cabinets.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 溢出，淹没; 挤满，充满; 洋溢; 资源过剩
n. 泛滥，溢出物; 溢流管; 充溢，过多; 超出额
vi. 泛滥，溢出; 充溢
adj. 溢出的，满出的
时态：overflowed, overflowing, overflows
分布：溢出(72%)，泛滥(14%)，洋溢(6%)，充满(5%)，溢值(2%)，剩出(1%)
v.(使)外溢,(使)溢出;溢出,流出,漫出The bath overflowed.浴室溢水了.
US [ˌoʊ.və˞ˈfloʊ]
TOO FULL 满溢
intransitive or transitive
■When a liquid overflows, it flows over the edges of a container, etc. because there is too much of it （液体）溢出，氾滥
• The milk overflowed when I poured it into the jug. 我往壶里倒牛奶的时候，牛奶溢了出来。
• Because of heavy rain, the river may overflow its banks. 因为下大雨，河水可能会氾滥，漫过河岸。
intransitive or transitive
■If a container or a place overflows, whatever is inside it starts coming out because it is too full （容器或场所）装不下，挤得太满
• Oh no, the bath is overflowing all over the floor. 啊呀，糟糕，浴缸满了，水流得满地都是。
• The bin was overflowing with rubbish. 垃圾箱里的垃圾满得装不下了。
intransitive
■When a place overflows, or people or things overflow from somewhere, some people or things have to come out because it cannot contain them all （场所、人或事物）挤满，满得容不下；爆满；人满为患
• The pub was so full that people were overflowing into/onto the street. 酒吧里人满为患，顾客一直排到了街上。
• The train was (full to) overflowing (= so full that there was not space for any more passengers). 火车上人满为患。
• His room is overflowing with (= contains a lot of) books. 他的房间里放满了书。
to overflowing
■so that water or another substance is almost coming over the top （满得）要溢了
• Someone has filled the bath (full) to overflowing. 不知谁把浴缸里放满水，都要溢出来了。
verb UK [ˌəʊ.vəˈfləʊ] US [ˌoʊ.və˞ˈfloʊ]
EMOTIONS 感情
intransitive
■If you overflow with thoughts or feelings, you express them strongly （想法或感情）充满，洋溢；（激情）澎湃
• They were (full to) overflowing with emotion at the birth of their baby. 看到孩子出生，他们喜不自禁。
• Suddenly, her anger overflowed. 突然，她怒气冲天。
noun UK [ˈəʊ.və.fləʊ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.floʊ]
AMOUNT 数量
[S or U]
■an amount of liquid or number of people that cannot fit in a space （液体的）溢出；容纳不下的人
• I put a bucket underneath to catch the overflow from the water tank. 我在底下放了一个桶来接水箱里溢出的水。
• We can't cope with this overflow of patients from the other hospitals. 我们无法安排从其他医院转过来的这么多病人。
noun UK [ˈəʊ.və.fləʊ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.floʊ]
PIPE 水管
countable (also overflow pipe)
■a pipe that carries away water that is not needed 溢水管
vi. [计] 溢出；泛滥；充溢
 - spill over, flow over
n. 充满，洋溢；泛滥；超值；溢值
 - filled with, fresh, flood, flow, fullness
vt. [计] 使溢出；使泛滥；使充溢
 - spill

Word: high
Front: high
[haɪ] (中高 141/152 -K5)
Vocabulary: high
(once / 10 pages)
1adjnadv 2adjnadv 3adj 4adjn 5n 6adj
Use the adjective high to describe something with a great elevation. If you want to see a really high mountain, you should visit Mount Everest.
You can also use high to describe a sound or musical note that is elevated in pitch. Some stores use a high-pitched buzzing sound to keep teenagers from loitering. The noise drives teens crazy, but it doesn't bother their parents, because adults can't hear the high frequency. High also means a state of euphoria. After you win a first place medal at the swim meet, you might be on a high for days.
WORD FAMILY
high: height, higher, highest, highly, highness, highs+/ height: heights/highness: highnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was just two really good football teams playing at the highest level and competing until the absolute, very end,” USC coach Clay Helton said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Advocates say that this limits options for children who may find relief with higher levels of THC.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Sharfstein said statewide efforts also lowered Maryland’s relatively high infant mortality rate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 高的; 高尚的，崇高的; 高音调的; 高级的，高等的
adv. （程度等）高地; 高价地; 奢侈地
n. 高处，高位; [气象学]高气压; 高压地带; 高水平
级别：higher, highest
分布：高(86%)，高的(12%)，高水平(1%)，高尚的(1%)
→来自古英语heah,高的，高耸的，来自Proto-Germanic*hauhaz,高的，来自keuk,*keu,弯，转，词源同cubicle,cubit.由弯，转引申词义起伏的，高的。词义演变比较hump,vertex.
a.高的,高度的,高级的,高尚的ad.高高地I highly appreciate the preceding man's precious precise exercise.我高度欣赏前面那个人可贵的精确演练.
adjective
DISTANCE 距离
 ESSENTIAL
■(especially of things that are not living) being a large distance from top to bottom or a long way above the ground, or having the stated distance from top to bottom （尤指无生命的东西）高的，有…高的
• a high building/mountain 高楼／高山
• high ceilings 高高的天花板
• It's two and a half metres high and one metre wide. 它有两公尺半高，一公尺宽。
• The corn grew waist-high (= as high as a person's waist) in the fields. 田里的玉米长到了及腰的高度。
[haɪ] adjective
ABOVE AVERAGE 超过平均水准
 ESSENTIAL
■greater than the usual level or amount （比通常水准）高的，多的
• The job demands a high level of concentration. 这项工作需要高度集中精神
• He suffers from high blood pressure. 他患有高血压。
• Antique furniture fetches very high prices these days. 这段时间古董家俱的价位很高。
• She got very high marks in her geography exam. 她的地理考试分数很高。
• It's very dangerous to drive at high speed when the roads are wet. 在潮湿的路面上高速驾驶是很危险的。
• He's in a high-security prison. 他被关在一处戒备森严的监狱中。
high standards/principles
 IMPROVER
■very good or very moral standards 高标准／高度的道德标准
• She was a woman of high principles. 她是一位道德高尚的女士。
• She demands very high standards from the people who work for her. 她对底下工作的人要求很高。
high winds
■fast, strong wind 大风，强风
• High winds caused delays on the ferries. 大风导致渡轮延误。
[haɪ] adjective
IMPORTANT 重要的
 IMPROVER
■having power, an important position, or great influence （权位）重要的，高级的
• an officer of high rank 高级军官
[haɪ] adjective
SOUND 声音
■near or at the top of the range of sounds 高音的，声音尖锐的
• I can't reach the high notes. 这些高音我唱不上去。
[haɪ] adjective
BAD 坏的 UK (of food) smelling bad and no longer good to eat （食物）腐坏的，变质的
• This meat is rather high - shall I throw it out? 这块肉已经腐坏了——我要不要把它丢掉？
[haɪ] adjective
MENTAL STATE 精神状态
■not thinking or behaving normally because of taking drugs （因吸毒而）极度亢奋的
• He was high on heroin at the time. 他当时正因吸了海洛因而飘飘欲仙。
[haɪ] adjective
be as high as a kite informal
■to behave in a silly or excited way because you have taken drugs or drunk a lot of alcohol （吸毒或大量饮酒后）极度兴奋，神情恍惚
• I tried to talk to her after the party, but she was as high as a kite. 我想在聚会之后跟她谈谈，但她喝酒喝得神情恍惚。
■to feel very happy and excited 非常高兴；异常激动
• I was a high as a kite when I'd heard I'd got the job. 当得知我得到那份工作时，我高兴极了。
[haɪ] adjective
come/get (down) off your high horse
■to stop talking as if you were better or more clever than other people 别再自以为是
• It's time you came down off your high horse and admitted you were wrong. 现在该是你停止批评别人、承认自己错误的时候了。
[haɪ] adjective
get on your high horse
■to start talking angrily about something bad that someone else has done as if you feel you are better or more clever than they are 自以为是，自命不凡
[haɪ] adjective
have it on the highest authority formal
■to have been told something by someone who knows the truth 据知情人士透露
• I have it on the highest authority that they are getting a divorce. 我听知情人士说他们正要离婚。
[haɪ] adjective
high and mighty disapproving
■Someone who is high and mighty behaves as if they are more important than other people. 盛气凌人的；趾高气昂的
[haɪ] adjective
hunt / search high and low
■to search everywhere for something 到处找
• I've been hunting high and low for that certificate and I still can't find it! 我到处找那张证书，但还是找不到！
[haɪ] adjective
leave sb high and dry informal
■to do something which is not at all convenient for someone and put them in a very difficult situation 给（某人）带来麻烦；使（某人）陷入困境
• They pulled out of the deal at the last minute leaving us high and dry. 他们在最后一刻退出了交易，使我们陷入困境。
[haɪ] adjective
live high on / off the hog US informal often disapproving
■to live in great comfort with a lot of money 过奢华的生活
[haɪ] adjective
on high old use
■in heaven 在天上
• God looked down from on high. 上帝在天上看着我们。
mainly humorous
■If an order comes from on high, it comes from someone in a position of authority （命令）由上级下达的，来自高层的
• Instructions came from on high to reduce our travel expenses. 上级指示要缩减我们的差旅费用。
[haɪ] noun
ABOVE AVERAGE 超过平均水准
 IMPROVER countable
■a higher level than has ever been reached previously 最高水准，高潮
• Interest rates have reached an all-time/record high. 利率达到了历史最高点／创纪录的高水准。
[haɪ] noun
MENTAL STATE 精神状态
countable usually singular
■a period of extreme excitement or happiness when you feel full of energy, often caused by a feeling of success, or by drugs or alcohol or a religious experience （因获得成功带来的）极度兴奋；（毒品、酒精或宗教体验引起的）快感，极乐
• Exercise gives you a high. 运动使人兴奋。
• She's been on a high ever since she got her article published. 自从她的文章发表以来，她情绪一直非常高涨。
• There are lots of highs and lows in this job. 这份工作中有很多快乐，也有许多沮丧。
[haɪ] noun
EDUCATION 教育
only singular US informal for
■ high school (when used in the name of a school) （用于中学名称中）
• I go to Santa Ana High. 我念圣安娜高中。
[haɪ] adverb
 IMPROVER
■at or to a large distance from the ground 在高处；高高地
• You'll have to hit the ball quite high to get it over that net. 你必须把球打得相当高，这样它才能越过那网。
• Concorde flew much higher than most aeroplanes. 协和式喷射机飞得比大多数飞机都高很多。
highly, high
highly: 抽象的高,高度的 think highly of
high: 具体的高,
lofty, high, tall
这组词都有“高的”的意思，其区别是：
lofty: 书面用词，指外观宏伟壮丽的高耸物；用于指思想或目的时，表示崇高。贬义指 态高傲。
high: 普通用词，指本身高出地面之上，与low相对，不用于人。也可指程度、地位、声音等的高，还可作引申用。
tall: 仅指人或物的高度，指物的“高”时，可与high换用。
adj. 高的；高级的；崇高的；高音调的
 - tall, senior, advanced, lofty
n. 高水平；天空；由麻醉品引起的快感；高压地带
 - heaven, sky, air
adv. 高；奢侈地
 - luxuriously, sumptuously

Word: carton
Front: carton
[ˈkɑ:tn] (雅 9292/11868 -1)
Vocabulary: carton
(once / 5162 pages)
n
A carton is a cardboard box or package. A pint of cream often comes in a carton.
There are many different kinds of cartons, but most of them are packaging for some kind of consumer product, particularly food. There are egg cartons, milk cartons, and cigarette cartons, all of which are different shapes and made out of slightly different types of paperboard or lightweight cardboard. Carton has its root in the Medieval Latin word carta, "paper."
WORD FAMILY
carton: cartonful, cartons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once a month, a courier from Brinkmann would arrive at her front door with two cartons of cigarettes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The government approved the use of plain packaging on cigarette cartons - which removes messages, colours and brand images - in May.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Each day he received a carton of milk.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 尤指装食品或液体的)硬纸盒; 塑料盒; 硬纸盒（或塑料盒）所装物品; 纸板盒
vt. 用盒包装
分布：纸板箱(70%)，硬纸盒(12%)，把 ... 装入纸板箱(9%)，制作纸盒(9%)
→来自词根cart, 卡片，词源同card, chart.
纸板(箱)(cart=card纸板＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['kɑ:r.tˌən] noun countable
■a box made from thick cardboard, for storing goods, or a container made from cardboard or plastic, in which milk or fruit juice, etc. is sold （装牛奶、果汁或其他商品的）硬纸盒，塑胶盒
• a carton of orange juice 一盒柳橙汁
n. 纸板箱；靶心白点
 - cardboard, carboard

Word: multiple
Front: multiple
[ˈmʌltɪpl] (研四六托宝 1948/3293 -2)
Vocabulary: multiple
(once / 230 pages)
1adj 2n
When you're talking about more than one, you're talking about multiple things. A machine with many fixtures has multiple parts. A person that seems like two totally different people on different days might have multiple personalities.
The word multiple comes from the Latin multiplus meaning "manifold." When something exists in multiple forms, it's manifold, or has many kinds. Think of a multiplex theater that can show multiple movies at once. Walk through a garden full of flowers and you'll see multiple kinds of blooms. A multiple is also a number that can be divided into another number without a remainder. Multiples of five, for example are ten, fifteen, twenty... — you get the picture.
WORD FAMILY
multiple: multiples, multiplicity, multiply +/ multiplication: multiplications/multiplicative: multiplicatively/ multiplicity: multiplicities/multiplier: multipliers/ multiply: multiplication, multiplicative, multiplied, multiplier, multiplies, multiplying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Customs line at Atlanta airport snaking around multiple wings of building.
Time(Jan 03, 2017)
This is partly because it stimulates multiple biochemical pathways, which may account for its wide range of effects.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
D.C. police are investigating an abandoned U-Haul truck that was found Monday in Southeast Washington with “multiple” ATMs inside, a police spokesman said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 多重的; 多个的; 复杂的; 多功能的
n. <数>倍数; [电工学]并联; 连锁商店; 下有多个分社的旅行社
分布：倍数(65%)，并联(15%)，多种多样的(10%)，许多的(10%)
→multi-,许多，多个，-ple,倍数，词源同imply,comply.
多样的;多功能的(multi+pile→多的→多功能的)[multi-表示"很多,很多"]
a.多样的,多重的n.倍数v.成倍增加You should use dialogues for multiple purposes.你应使用多种目的的对话.
US [-tˌɪ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■very many of the same type, or of different types 多个的；多种的
• The youth died of multiple burns. 那个年轻人因多处烧伤死亡。
• We made multiple copies of the report. 我们把报告影印了多份。
• These children have multiple (= many different) handicaps. 这些孩子身患多种残疾。
UK ['mʌl.tɪ.pl] US [-tˌɪ-] noun countable
NUMBER 数字
■a number that can be divided by a smaller number an exact number of times 倍数
• 18 is a multiple of 3, because 18 = 3 x 6. 18是3的倍数，因为3乘以6等于18。
UK ['mʌl.tɪ.pl] US [-tˌɪ-] noun countable
LARGE COMPANY 大公司
■a large company which has shops in many towns 连锁店
gigantic, maximum, excess, excessive, multiple, surplus
gigantic: 巨大的，庞大的
maximum: 最大的，最高的
excess: （作定语） 过度的，额外的，超过了正常限度或标准
excessive: 过度的，过分的
multiple: 多样的，多重的，多倍的
surplus: 过剩的，多余的，剩余的
adj. 多重的；多样的；许多的
 - numerous, many, hundred
n. [数] 倍数； [电] 并联
 - time, paralleling

Word: engender
Front: engender
[ɪnˈdʒendə(r)] (托宝 9295/9730 -1)
Vocabulary: engender
(once / 1631 pages)
v
Engender is a fancy way of saying "to make happen," like when you engender the spirit of teamwork and cooperation by encouraging others and doing your share of the group's work.
The verb engender has nothing to do with being male or female, though originally, it did mean "beget, procreate." Today, engender means "to produce or bring about." When students come to class prepared, meaning they've read their assignment, this engenders better class discussions, just as mutual trust and the desire to help each other engenders a meaningful friendship.
WORD FAMILY
engender: engendered, engendering, engenders
USAGE EXAMPLES
This book concentrates on the role refined sugar plays in our diet, the weight gain that it engenders and the health havoc it wreaks.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Another important aspect of Professor Porath’s research is the extent to which a leader’s civility engenders respect and admiration.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Kerry’s only real weapon now is the gruesome suffering of the Syrian people and the shame it engenders in everyone who watches.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 产生; 造成; 引起
vi. 形成; 引起
时态：engendered, engendering, engenders
分布：产生(72%)，引起(28%)
→en-, 进入，使。-gen, 生育，词源同gene, generate.
产生(en使+gender产生→使产生)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】gen产生；参：generate（vt 产生；发生）因为gender（n 性；性交）所以engender
【反】eradicate（v 根除）；quash（v 取消）
US [-dɚ] formal
verb transitive
■to make people have a particular feeling or make a situation start to exist 引起（某种感觉）；导致；产生
• Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy. 她的新作引起了很大争议。
• The minister's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment. 部长的演讲并未使人们对他的判断产生信心。
vt. 使产生；造成
 - create, inflict
vi. 产生；引起
 - result, breed

Word: crisp
Front: crisp
[krɪsp] (研六托雅 6194/7199 -K2)
Vocabulary: crisp
(once / 652 pages)
1adj 2nv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj 7adj 8v
Something that's crisp is thin, dry, and breakable. Unless they're stale, most crackers are crisp.
Gingersnaps are crisp, and so is toast — in fact, crisp often describes food, although crunchy snow and dry, brown leaves are also crisp. To crisp something is to cook or dry it until it's brittle, and when a voice is crisp, it's abrupt and no-nonsense. A crisp fall morning is fresh and cold. In Old English, crisp meant "curly," from the Latin crispus, "curled." The "brittle" definition is probably imitative, the word sounding like its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
crisp: crisped, crispen, crisper, crispest, crisping, crisply, crispness, crisps, crispy+/crispen: crispened/crispy: crispiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Floral patterns abound, on stunning floor-length gowns and crisp suit jackets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Said Crisp: “That was good to hear. I needed that.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The aromatic landing of the fermented grapes is sharp, crisp, sweet, dry, delicate, delightful.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 脆的; 干冷的; 易碎的; 新鲜的，爽快的
n. <英>炸马铃薯片; 松脆物
vt. （使）变脆; 卷曲; 烘脆（面包等）
vi. 卷曲
时态：crisped, crisping, crisps
分布：脆的(60%)，卷曲的(9%)，明快的(9%)，薯片(8%)，干脆的(8%)，松脆物(6%)
→来自sker, 转，弯，词源同ring, curly. 词义由转，弯外延至卷，脆。
a.脆的,易碎的;简明扼要的;(空气)清爽的The wagging wasp grasps the crisp clasp for a gasp.摇摆的黄蜂抓住脆钩喘息.
adjective mainly approving
HARD 硬的
■hard enough to be broken easily 脆的；易碎的
■describes cooked foods, such as pastry and biscuits, that are well cooked so that they are just dry and hard enough （糕点、饼干等食物）酥脆的
■describes fruit or vegetables that are fresh and firm （蔬果）新鲜爽脆的，脆生生的
• a crisp apple 脆生生的苹果
■describes paper or cloth that is stiff and smooth （纸或布）挺括的，平展的
• a crisp new £5 note/a crisp white tablecloth 平展簇新的五英镑钞票／平展的白色桌布
[krɪsp] adjective mainly approving
CLEAR 清晰的
■describes sound or an image that is very clear （声音或形象）清晰明了的
• Now that we have cable, we get a wonderfully crisp picture, even on our old TV. 有了有线电视，即便是用我们那台老电视机收看，图像也十分清晰。
■describes a way of speaking, writing or behaving that is quick, confident and effective （说话、写作或行为）干脆俐落的，利索的，明快的
• a crisp reply 干脆俐落的回答
• a crisp, efficient manner 举止俐落干练
[krɪsp] adjective mainly approving
COLD 寒冷的
■describes weather that is cold, dry and bright （天气）干冷的，晴冷的
• a wonderful crisp spring morning 一个晴爽的春日清晨
■describes air that is cold, dry and fresh （空气）清爽的，凉爽的
• I breathed in deeply the crisp mountain air. 我深深地吸了口山间清爽的空气。
[krɪsp] noun
POTATO 马铃薯
 IMPROVER countable usually plural UK (US (potato) chip)
■a very thin, often round piece of fried potato, sometimes with a flavour added, and sold especially in plastic bags 油炸薯片；洋芋片
• a packet of salt and vinegar crisps 一袋盐醋薯片
[krɪsp] noun
SWEET FOOD 甜食
countable US for
■ crumble (SWEET FOOD)
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 脆的；新鲜的；易碎的
 - fresh, new, fragile, delicate
vt. 使卷曲；使发脆
 - crimp
vi. 卷曲；发脆
 - curl

Word: sponsorship
Front: sponsorship
[ˈspɒnsəʃɪp] (9271/5132 -2)
Back: n. 赞助; 发起; 倡议; 保证人
分布：赞助(97%)，倡议(1%)，教父母身份(1%)，保证人地位(1%)
→sponsor,赞助，资助，-ship,表状态。
N-UNCOUNT
资助(金);赞助(金);资金支持
Sponsorship is financial support given by a sponsor.
例：Campbell is one of an ever-growing number of skiers in need of sponsorship...坎贝尔是越来越多需要得到资助的滑雪运动员之一。
例：Private sponsorships only accounted for a third of all arts funding last year.个人赞助只占去年所有艺术基金的三分之一。
N-UNCOUNT
赞助行为;资助行为
Sponsorship of something is the act of sponsoring it.
例：When it is done properly, arts sponsorship can be more effective than advertising.如果方式得当的话，艺术赞助可能比做广告更有效。
n. 赞助；发起；保证人的地位；教父母身份
 - patronage, auspice

Word: spike
Front: spike
[spaɪk] (托宝 7383/7843 -2)
Back: n. 长钉; 细高跟; （防滑）鞋钉; 尖状物
vt. 加烈酒于; 以大钉钉牢; 用尖物刺伤; 打乱某人的计划
时态：spiked, spiking, spikes
分布：穗(55%)，峰值(16%)，长钉(12%)，钉鞋(6%)，尖状物(5%)，以大钉钉牢(2%)，穗状花(2%)，用尖物刺伤(1%)，使 ... 失效(1%)
→可能来自中古瑞典语 spijk,钉子，来自 Proto-Germanic*spikaz,钉子，来自 spei,尖刺，尖 头，词源同 spire,spoke,pin.词义麦穗来自该印欧词根衍生的拉丁语 spica,麦穗，穗状花序。
【记】源于：pike（n 矛；长枪）。Pike派克?西布伦?蒙哥马利是美国陆军军官和探险者。曾经征服阿肯色河到洛矶山的地区，在此过程中他使用了一支长矛，并征服了现在以他命名的派克峰。
noun countable
■a narrow thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape 尖头，尖刺；（尤指金属的）尖状物
• There were large spikes on top of the railings to stop people climbing over them. 栏杆顶端装着粗大的尖钉，防止有人攀越。
• Some types of dinosaur had sharp spikes on their tails. 有些种类的恐龙尾部有锋利的尖突。
spikes
■a set of short pointed pieces of metal or plastic fixed to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, which stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces （某些运动鞋上的）防滑鞋钉；钉鞋
[spaɪk] verb transitive
STOP 阻止 informal
■to decide not to publish an article in a newspaper 拒绝刊登；弃置（文章）不用
• The story was deemed too controversial and so they spiked it. 他们认为这篇报导争议太大而拒绝刊登。
[spaɪk] verb transitive
MAKE STRONGER 使更浓烈
■to make a drink stronger by adding alcohol, or to add flavour or interest to something 将烈酒掺入（饮料）；使增添风味（或趣味）
• She claimed that someone had spiked her drink with whisky. 她声称有人在她的饮料里加了威士卡。
• The pasta was served in a cream sauce spiked with black pepper. 义大利面配的是黑胡椒鲜奶油酱。
• His writing is spiked with humour. 他的文章中带有幽默诙谐的味道。
[spaɪk] verb transitive
HIT 击
■in the sport of volleyball , to hit the ball so that it goes almost straight down on the other side of the net （排球运动中）扣（球）； 杀（球）
[spaɪk] verb transitive
POINT 尖
■to push a sharp point into something or someone 用尖物刺入；刺穿
• She got badly spiked when one of the runners trod on her heel. 一名跑步选手踩在她脚后跟上，她被严重扎伤了。
[spaɪk] verb transitive
spike sb's guns
■to spoil someone's plans 打乱（某人）的计划
• We wanted to build an extra room onto the side of our house, but our neighbours spiked our guns. 我们想在房子旁加盖一个房间，但邻居们打乱了我们的计划。
n. 长钉， [铁路] 道钉；钉鞋；细高跟
 - crampoon
vt. 阻止；以大钉钉牢；用尖物刺穿
 - stem, block, dispute, prohibit, discourage

Word: brigade
Front: brigade
[brɪˈgeɪd] (9282/4785 -2)
Vocabulary: brigade
(once / 307 pages)
nv
A brigade is a unit of the army. A bunch of brigades make up a division, while brigades are divided into battalions and regiments.
The military is nothing if not organized, and one of the forms of organization is the brigade. A brigade is smaller than a division, but larger than a battalion or regiment, several of which make up a brigade. A colonel or brigadier general will command a brigade, which consists of several units, including one at headquarters, one infantry unit, plus support staff. Soldiers in the same brigade will work together closely. Veterans will remember their brigade comrades.
WORD FAMILY
brigade: brigaded, brigades, brigading
USAGE EXAMPLES
He promised to send at least two more combat brigades, or roughly 10,000 soldiers, to Afghanistan.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
London Fire Brigade said it rescued six people from a first-floor flat above the pub.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
London Fire Brigade said it rescued six people from a first floor flat above the pub in Acton High Street.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 旅
vt. 把…编成旅; 把…编成队
时态：brigaded, brigading, brigades
分布：队(48%)，旅(43%)，组(8%)，编组(1%)
→来自词根brig, 争斗，击打。军事用语指旅，普通用语指帮派。
旅,队(brig战斗+ade)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
noun
countable
■a large group of soldiers in an army （军队的）旅
countable usually singular informal
■a group of people who have something in common, especially an enthusiasm for a particular belief or subject （有共同点，尤指热衷于某一信念或主题的）队，派，帮
• Since she gave up smoking she's joined the anti-smoking brigade. 自从戒烟后，她加入了反对吸烟的队伍。
n. 旅；大部队；队列
 - rank, alignment

Word: shriek
Front: shriek
[ʃri:k] (四六托宝 9309/10591 -1)
Vocabulary: shriek
(once / 276 pages)
nv
A high-pitched, piercing cry is a shriek. A common response to finding a snake curled in the silverware drawer would be to shriek.
You can shriek in fear, surprise, or even shriek with laughter. If the sound you make is high, sharp, and loud, it's a shriek. A teenager who sees her favorite movie star might shriek, "Look who it is!" And, little kids in an inflatable bouncy house will very likely shriek with delight. The word shriek sounds very much like what it means, and its Old Norse root skrækja, "to screech," may have originated for that very reason.
WORD FAMILY
shriek: shrieked, shrieking, shrieks+/shrieking: shriekings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I slide a trembling dollar into Luigi’s G-string and shriek, “Happy New Year.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
While reporters ambled inside the visitors’ locker room, suddenly shrieks and howls echoed from the shower stalls.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Workers in the field sometimes call it “peek and shriek.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 尖叫; 引人注意; 发出一种类似尖叫的声音
n. 尖叫声; 尖锐的声音：一种能使人联想起这种尖叫的声音
时态：shrieked, shrieking, shrieks
分布：尖叫(94%)，叫喊(6%)
【记】shriek和shrill（adj 尖声的），都是象声词
noun countable
■a short, loud, high cry, especially one produced suddenly as an expression of a powerful emotion 尖叫
• shrieks of delight 兴奋的尖叫
• He suddenly let out a piercing shriek. 他突然发出一声刺耳的尖叫。
[ʃri:k] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make such a cry 尖叫
• We shrieked with laughter when we realized how stupid we'd been. 意识到自己有多愚蠢时，我们大笑了起来。
• I tried to apologize, but he just shrieked abuse at me. 我想道歉，但他却对着我大声辱骂。
• [+ speech] "Don't you dare do that ever again!" she shrieked. “你以后再那样做试试看！”她尖声嚷道。
call, scream, yell, roar, shriek, exclaim, shout, cry
这组词都有“喊”的意思，其区别是：
call: 指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意。
scream: 指因恐具、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
shriek: 指因惊恐、痛苦等或其它感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。
exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
vi. 尖叫；促人注意
 - pipe, scream
n. 尖声；尖锐的响声
 - piping

Word: elegance
Front: elegance
['elɪɡəns] (托 9284/8720)
Vocabulary: elegance
(once / 784 pages)
n
Elegance is a quality of style and grace. In our age of jeans and sneakers, the elegance of actresses on the red carpet on Oscar night is such a welcome sight.
It comes from the Latin elegantia, "taste, propriety, or refinement." Fashion designer and eternal fashion icon Coco Chanel famously said, "Elegance is refusal," meaning it's best to skip the big jewelry and flashy clothes in favor of simple styles made from luxurious fabrics that one could wear forever — and look great every time. Elegance also describes the beautiful simplicity of a solution, such as an elegant mathematical proof.
WORD FAMILY
elegance: elegances+/ elegant: elegance, eleganter, elegantest, elegantly, inelegant /inelegance: inelegances/ inelegant: inelegance, ineleganter, inelegantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Elegant drawings of religious iconography adorned the margins, adding to the artifact’s elegance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Huppert brings her ever-present cool elegance, which she slowly peels away to reveal a devastating vulnerability, and Depardieu hasn’t been this great in years.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Food always tastes better when served with elegance, style and imagination.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 高雅; （举止、服饰、风格等的）优雅; 精致物品; （思考等的）简洁
分布：优雅(56%)，典雅(20%)，高雅(18%)，简洁(5%)，雅致的物品(1%)
优雅,漂亮(elegant的名词)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
ADJ-GRADED
（人或物）典雅的，雅致的，优美的
If you describe a person or thing as elegant, you mean that they are pleasing and graceful in appearance or style.
例：Patricia looked beautiful and elegant as always.帕特里夏一如既往地美丽优雅。
例：...an elegant restaurant.雅致的餐厅
ADJ-GRADED
（文字、想法、计划等）简洁的，简练的，巧妙的
If you describe a piece of writing, an idea, or a plan as elegant, you mean that it is simple, clear, and clever.
例：The document impressed me with its elegant simplicity.那份文件的简洁明了给我留下了深刻印象。

Word: dreadful
Front: dreadful
[ˈdredfl] (六托雅 9280/4571 -2)
Vocabulary: dreadful
(once / 133 pages)
adj
Something that's terribly bad is dreadful. Some people love going to the opera, but for others there's no more dreadful way to spend three hours.
Dreadful means "full of dread," "feeling a sense of dread," or "causing dread." Dread means fear or anxiety. The adjective dreadful can describe something truly devastating, like the dreadful aftermath of a tornado, or something that's awful on a more personal level, like a dreadful blind date. If it's bad, fearsome, or unpleasant, you can call it dreadful.
WORD FAMILY
dreadful: dreadfulest, dreadfully, dreadfulness+/ dread: dreaded, dreadful, dreading, dreadingly, dreadly, dreads/dreadfulness: dreadfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cleansing power of fire is exactly what we need to say good riddance to this relentlessly dreadful year.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But his kicking was dreadful this season and the Vikings cut him in November.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A powerful Post investigation in 1999, “Invisible Lives,” detailed the dreadful conditions and lack of attention to vulnerable people placed in the city’s care.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 令人畏惧的; 讨厌的，糟透了的，丑陋的; 糟糕的
n. <英>惊险小说[杂志]
分布：可怕的(88%)，糟糕的(12%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very bad, of very low quality, or shocking and very sad 可怕的；糟糕的；惊人的
• The food was bad and the service was dreadful. 食物很差劲，服务也很糟糕。
• I was beginning to think I'd made a dreadful mistake. 我开始觉得自己犯了个大错误。
• The news report was so dreadful that I just had to switch it off. 那个新闻报道太可怕了，我只好关上电视机不看了。
appalling, afraid, frightful, terrible, terrific, fearful, horrible, dreadful, awful
这组词都有“害怕的、可怕的”的意思，其区别是：
appalling: 指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。
afraid: 指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。
frightful: 指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。
terrible: 侧重指给人以长久的惊骇，极端的恐怖，令人难以忍受。
terrific: 多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。
fearful: 普通用词，既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧，又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。
horrible: 指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然，着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。
dreadful: 指使人非常恐惧，毛骨悚然，也使人感到讨厌而退缩。
awful: 指威严得令人害怕或敬畏，有一定的感情色彩。
adj. 可怕的；糟透的，令人不快的
 - terrible, painful, horrible, awesome, fearful

Word: artisan
Front: artisan
[ˌɑ:tɪˈzæn] (托宝 9296/10214 -1)
Vocabulary: artisan
(once / 1401 pages)
n
An artisan has both the creativity and the skill to make a product. Wandering around a local craft fair, you will often see artisans selling handicrafts like pot holders or beaded jewelry.
In medieval times, blacksmiths, carpenters, and masons were artisan trades. Unskilled laborers were not. The hierarchy of skill and prestige among artisans, from apprentice to journeyman to master, is sometimes reflected in ranks among today’s trade union members. But today an artisan can just be someone who makes attractive and creative work with their hands, like jewelry or pottery. Although, if they're trying to sell their goods, it probably helps if they're very skilled.
WORD FAMILY
artisan: artisans
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some recipients plan to use funds to explore a variety of interests including cooking, artisan bread-baking, bee keeping, photography and archaeology.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet, for a select group of artisans, designers and their clients, interest flourishes in contemporary interpretations of gilt-bronze objects.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Once a butchers’ headquarters,the building is now home to bars and a few artisan shops.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 技工，工匠
分布：工匠(86%)，技工(14%)
工匠,技工(artu+san人→技巧之人→工匠)[art=skill,joint,trick,表示"技巧,关节,诡计"]
手工艺人(artist艺术家+an)[-an表名词和形容词"…地方,...人]
【记】arti技术，san人；参：partisan（n 游击队，党徒）
US ['ɑ:r.tˌɪ-] noun countable
■a person who does skilled work with his or her hands 工匠；手艺人
n. [劳经] 工匠，技工
 - workman, craftsman

Word: paramount
Front: paramount
[ˈpærəmaʊnt] (托雅宝 9287/8681 -1)
Vocabulary: paramount
(once / 1010 pages)
adj
To the President, protecting our nation's security is of paramount importance — it's at the very top of his to-do list.
Paramount goes way beyond "important." It's absolutely critical. Something that is of paramount importance has a great urgency to it. Getting your oil changed is important, but making sure your car's brakes are working before you drive down a steep, icy slope is absolutely paramount.
WORD FAMILY
paramount: paramountcy, paramounter, paramountly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your healing is paramount; please see that clearly enough to put getting therapy next on your list.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
What is paramount is memory and potential restoration.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When Fox and Paramount also began auctioning costumes and set pieces around the same time, Reynolds jumped at the opportunity to expand her holdings.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 最高的，至上的; 最重要的，主要的; 卓越的; 有最高权力的
n. 最高，至上; 有最高权力的人; 元首，首长
分布：至高无上的(50%)，极为重要的(36%)，最高统治者(14%)
→来自古法语paramont,超过，超越，来自par,通过，穿过，整个的，amont,上面，山顶，词源同amount,mountain.即到达山顶，引申词义至高无上的，至尊的。首字母大写Paramount为好莱坞电影公司名。
最高的,首要的(para类似+mount→类似高山→最高的)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
【记】para旁边，mount爬－从边上爬过你的头顶－地位重要的美国好莱坞的派拉蒙公司就是这个商标
【反】lowliest（最低的）
US ['per-] formal
adjective
■more important than anything else 至上的，首要的
• There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance. 很多事情要优先解决，但当务之急是减少预算赤字。
adj. 最重要的，主要的；至高无上的
 - primary, main, major, central, great
n. 最高统治者
 - monarch, imperator

Word: shoreline
Front: shoreline
[ˈʃɔ:laɪn] (9279/14918 -1)
Vocabulary: shoreline
(once / 7965 pages)
n
The shoreline is the place where a large body of water, like an ocean, lake, or river, meets the land. There are a lot of fun beaches along the Atlantic shoreline.
You can use the noun shoreline to talk about the strip that marks the boundary between land and water, whether it's at the edge of an ocean, sea, lake, or river. While the word "coast" refers specifically to the ocean, shoreline or shore can be used for any body of water. The word was first coined in the mid-1800's by geographers, and its root is the Germanic schor, "shore, coast, or headland."
WORD FAMILY
shoreline: shorelines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intact forested shoreline without bulkhead or break to the beach and near shore is a critical resting and feeding opportunity for juvenile salmon.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Trout are fair on the Louisiana shoreline on slow-sinking plugs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For years, the dams starved the area of sediment, so homeowners armored the shoreline with concrete, riprap, and rows of boulders to prevent erosion.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 海岸线; 岸边线; 滨线; 水线
分布：海岸线(96%)，沿海地带(4%)
US ['ʃɔ:r-] noun countable usually singular
■the edge of a sea, lake or wide river 海岸线；湖滨线；河岸线
• Oil from the wrecked tanker polluted more than 40 miles of the Normandy shoreline. 从失事油轮中溢出的石油使诺曼第海岸长达40多哩的区域受到了污染。
n. [海洋] 海岸线；海岸线地带
 - coastline, sea line

Word: lace
Front: lace
[leɪs] (研四六托雅宝 6642/4847 -2)
Vocabulary: lace
(once / 253 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
Your grandmother's kitchen curtains might be made from lace, a delicate fabric with twists and loops forming patterns of holes.
Lace is often used for fancy dresses, special doilies and tablecloths, and decorative accents. You can also use the noun lace to describe the cord your tie your sneakers with, and the verb lace can mean twist or braid or intertwine: "The two friends lace their arms around each other and skip across the playground." Lace is surprisingly related to lasso, a loop of rope carried by a cowboy — both words are rooted in the Latin laqueus, "noose or snare."
WORD FAMILY
lace: enlace, interlace, laced, lacelike, lacer, laces, lacing, lacy, relace, unlace+/enlace: enlaced, enlaces, enlacing/ interlace: interlaced, interlaces, interlacing/laced: lacedly/lacer: lacers/lacing: lacings/lacy: lacier, laciest, lacily/relace: relaced, relaces, relacing/unlace: unlaced, unlaces, unlacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And then, over time, it will become automatic to lace up your jogging shoes each morning.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
The manuscript’s odyssey — from its creation in Mexico to its recent arrival in Manhattan — is a tale laced with intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Whether laced with small joys or defeats, it’s all a good life.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 蕾丝; 透孔织品; 鞋带; 系带
vt. 给（书、讲话等）润色; 给（饮料等）掺（少量的酒、药、毒药等）; 给（鞋、靴等）穿鞋带; 使编织（或交织、缠绕）在一起
vi. 以系带系紧
时态：laced, lacing, laces
分布：花边(75%)，鞋带(10%)，饰带(6%)，缎带(3%)，系带子(3%)，饰以花边(2%)，把酒搀入(1%)
→来自拉丁语lacere,引诱，诱惑，词源同delicious,elicit.引申词义罗网，陷阱，后指编织罗网的绳索，带子，后用于指蕾丝，花边等。
n.花边;带子,鞋带v.系带,扎带The lace placed in the palace is replaced first, and displaced later.放在皇宫的带子先被替换,后来被转移.
【记】读：蕾丝（花边）
noun
MATERIAL 材料
uncountable
■a decorative cloth which is made by weaving thin thread in delicate patterns with holes in them 网眼织物；花边，蕾丝
• lace curtains 蕾丝窗帘
[leɪs] noun
STRING 绳
countable usually plural
■a string which you use to fasten openings, especially in shoes, by putting it through two lines of small holes and tying the ends together 鞋带
• Your shoe laces are undone. 你的鞋带没有系好。
[leɪs] verb transitive
ADD ALCOHOL 加酒精
■to add alcohol or drugs to food or drink, often secretly （常指偷偷地）在（食物或饮料）中掺（酒、药等）
• coffee laced with brandy 加了白兰地的咖啡
[leɪs] verb transitive
STRING 绳
■to put the lace of a shoe or boot through its holes, or to fasten a shoe or boot by tying a lace 给…穿鞋带，系（鞋或靴子）的鞋带
[leɪs] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] lace sth up
■to fasten shoes, boots or a piece of clothing by tying the laces 系好…的鞋带；系好…的系带
• She can lace up her shoes and she's only five! 她才五岁就能自己系鞋带！
• lace-up shoes 系带鞋
n. [纺] 花边；鞋带；饰带；少量烈酒
 - tie, gymp

Word: suffice
Front: suffice
[səˈfaɪs] (研六宝 9294/6983 -1)
Vocabulary: suffice
(once / 43 pages)
v
To suffice is to be enough, in either quality or quantity. It may not be gourmet all the time, but if your food is healthy, it will suffice.
The word suffice comes from a combination of the Latin words sub ("under") and facere ("make") that together mean "meet the need of." This need is usually the bare minimum — no leftovers, nothing fancy. The common phrase "Suffice it to say" means "I'll just say" or "All that needs to be said is...."
WORD FAMILY
suffice: sufficed, suffices, sufficiency, sufficient, sufficing+/insufficiency: insufficiencies/ insufficient: insufficiency, insufficienter, insufficiently/self-sufficient: self-sufficiency/ sufficiency: sufficiencies/ sufficient: insufficient, self-sufficient, sufficienter, sufficientest, sufficiently /sufficing: self-sufficing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And at this point, great is all that will suffice.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each personality description gets a little convoluted, but suffice it to say that this is at least an interesting way to approach losing weight.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Suffice to say that the Cleveland Browns are the only N.F.L. franchise rumored to offer grocery bags with eye holes as official-team-shop headgear.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 足够; 有能力
vt. 满足…的需要; 使满足
时态：sufficed, sufficing, suffices
分布：足够(80%)，使满足(15%)，使 ... 足够(5%)
→suf-,在下，向上，-fic,做，词源同 fact,efficient.引申词义做到足够，使足够，足以。
使满足,充足(suf在下面+fice→在下面先做好→充足)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
v.充足,足够;vt.(食物等)使(某人)满足Two meals a day suffice an old man.老人一天二餐就足够了.
【记】读：三face，一个人长了三张脸－足够
[sə'faɪs] formal
verb intransitive
■to be enough 足够
• I'm taking four hundred pounds' worth of travellers' cheques - I think that should suffice. 我带了400英镑的旅行支票——我觉得应该够了。
[sə'faɪs] formal
verb intransitive
suffice (it) to say
■it is enough to say 无需多说，只需说…就够了
• Suffice (it) to say, Mike won't be going to Tina's birthday party after what he said about her to her boss. 不用多说，麦克对蒂娜的老板那样说她之后，他是不会去参加她的生日聚会的。
vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格
 - content, gratify
vi. 足够；有能力
 - serve, be in a position

Word: glamour
Front: glamour
[ˈglæmə(r)] (研六托雅 8154/8500 -2)
Vocabulary: glamour
(once / 1604 pages)
nv
Glamour is the quality of being fascinating, alluring, or charming If you've watched Marilyn Monroe on a movie screen, then you've witnessed glamour!
The word glamour originally referred to a magical or even unreal charm or beauty attached to a person or an object. Today you can still glamour, or cast a spell over, someone, but you probably won’t. More often glamour is now used to mean a certain thrilling or attractive appeal -– especially sex appeal. Glamour is more than just good looks — the right clothing, jewelry, attitude, or friends can produce glamour — the mark of a star.
WORD FAMILY
glamour: glamoured, glamouring, glamourise, glamourize, glamours+/glamourise: glamourisation/glamourize: glamourization, glamourized, glamourizes, glamourizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
"She epitomized and personified Hollywood glamour," Father Edward Benioff said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Today’s interest in cocktail culture, it explains, “attests to a nostalgia for the glamour and role playing of earlier eras.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Stella said that although people like him often get the “direct glamour” of their inventions and research, it’s a team effort.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 魅力; 诱惑力; 魔力; 迷人的美
v. 迷惑; 迷住
分布：魅力(91%)，魔力(7%)，迷住(2%)
→来自grammar的拼写变体，来自grammar的古义，神秘学。引申义着迷，魅惑，魅力。
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the special exciting and attractive quality of a person, place or activity 吸引力；魅力；诱惑力
• Who can resist the glamour of Hollywood? 谁能抗拒得了好莱坞的诱惑？
n. 魅力，魔力；迷人的美
 - charm, grace, fascination
vt. 迷惑，迷住
 - possess, spell

Word: aesthetics
Front: aesthetics
[i:s'θetɪks] (9286/12306 -1)
Vocabulary: aesthetics
(once / 6860 pages)
n
Aesthetics is the study of beauty. That might sound funny, but any interior designer or art gallery patron has a thing or two to say about aesthetics.
The philosopher, Alexander Baumgarten, gave us our current meaning of aesthetics. In the mid-1700s, he used the word to describe artistic beauty with the added bonus of a value judgment of good or bad taste. The public embraced Baumgarten's usage, and fashion mavens and art critics got a new word to describe the marriage of beauty and taste.
WORD FAMILY
aesthetics: aesthetical+/ aesthetic: aesthetically, aesthetician, aesthetics, inaesthetic, unaesthetic/ aesthetician: aestheticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
His best-known work was "Ways of Seeing", a criticism of western cultural aesthetics, but he also won the Booker Prize for his novel G.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Jerome Hoxton, president of Tru Art Advertising Calendars in Iowa City, Iowa, said traditional calendars remain popular because they combine aesthetics with utility.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On shoots, Burtynksy stays tirelessly in “execute mode,” balancing aesthetics and logistics.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 美学; 美术理论; 审美学; 美的哲学
分布：美学(99%)，审美学(1%)
美学[a)esthet=feeling,表示"感觉"]
美学(aesthet感觉+ics)[-ics表名词、,"学科,学术"]
US [-'θetˌ-] noun uncountable
■the formal study of art, especially in relation to the idea of beauty 美学；（尤指）审美观，美感
n. 美学；美的哲学
 - esthetics

Word: sponge
Front: sponge
[spʌndʒ] (研四六托雅 9290/7966 -1)
Back: n. 海绵; 海绵状物
vt. （用海绵）擦拭
vt. & vi. 骗取; 敲詐
时态：sponged, sponging, sponges
分布：海绵(96%)，用海绵擦拭(2%)，抹掉(1%)，吸收掉(1%)
→来自古英语 sponge,来自拉丁语 spongia,来自希腊语 spongos,海绵生物，海绵。该海绵生物为 海绵的原型。由于海绵的吸水性，引申词义白吃，白喝，蹭饭等。
n.海绵Prolong the sponge along the longitude and latitude at an altitude.沿着经度和纬度在一高度延长海绵.
noun
SUBSTANCE 材料
countable
■a soft substance that is full of small holes and can absorb a lot of liquid, and is used for washing and cleaning （擦洗物品用的）海绵
only singular
■when you rub something or someone with a wet sponge or cloth in order to clean them （用海绵或布）擦拭，擦洗
• Give it a sponge with a damp cloth - that will remove the blood stains. 用湿布擦一下——能把血迹擦掉。
[spʌndʒ] noun
CAKE 蛋糕
countable or uncountable (sponge cake)
■a soft cake made with eggs, sugar and flour but usually no fat 海绵蛋糕
[spʌndʒ] verb
GET MONEY 得到钱
intransitive or transitive disapproving
■to get money, food, etc. from other people, especially in order to live without working 白吃，白要；（尤指）吃白饭
• sponging off the state 靠国家来养活
[spʌndʒ] verb
CLEAN 清洗
transitive (also sponge down)
■to rub something or someone with a wet sponge or cloth, especially to clean them 用湿海绵（或湿布）擦，擦洗
• Most food stains will come off if you sponge the material with a little detergent. 用一点去污剂能去除布料上的大部分食物污渍。
• The doctor told me to sponge Erik down with cold water in order to lower his temperature. 医生告诉我用冷水给埃里克擦身，以帮他降低体温。
vt. 抹掉；用海绵擦拭；讨得
 - efface
vi. 采集海绵；过寄生生活；海绵般地吸收
 - cosher
n. [橡胶] [无脊椎] 海绵；海绵状物
 - spunge

Word: powerless
Front: powerless
[ˈpaʊələs] (9305/8511 -1)
Back: adj. 无力的，无能的; 无权力的; 虚弱的; 无资源的
分布：无力的(77%)，无权的(17%)，无效能的(6%)
US ['paʊɚ-] adjective
■having no power 无力量的；无权力的
• The villagers are powerless against the armed invaders. 村民们在武装侵略者面前毫无抵抗能力。
• The police seem to be powerless (= unable) to prevent these attacks. 警方显得无能为力，无法阻止这些袭击。
adj. [劳经] 无力的；无能力的，无权的
 - weak, unable

Word: towering
Front: towering
[ˈtaʊərɪŋ] (托 9301/11670 -1)
Vocabulary: towering
(once / 856 pages)
adj
Towering things are extremely tall, like the towering skyscrapers in New York City or the towering redwoods in northern California.
Use the adjective towering to describe gigantic things that loom over everything (or everyone) else. There's the towering basketball player in your yoga class who is at least a foot taller than the other students, and the towering addition your neighbor is building on his house — the one that will block your view of the lake. The verb tower means "to rise high," from the Latin for "tower," turris.
WORD FAMILY
towering: toweringly+/tow: towage, towed, tower, towing, tows/ tower: towered, towering, towers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan will result in towering structures in the wrong places, a paucity of parks, crowded schools and a continuation of nightmare-inducing traffic.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
While the quarterback isn’t a towering presence in the pocket, he’s accurate, mobile, poised and competitive.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
No figure among them was as towering as Ali.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 耸立的; 高大的，杰出的; 强烈的; 极度的
v. 远远高于，远远超过( tower的现在分词); （在能力、品德、名声等方面）胜过，远远超过（其他人）
分布：高耸的(84%)，杰出的(7%)，激烈的(7%)，动词tower的现在分词形式.(2%)
→来自 tower,高耸，耸立。
【记】tower（n 塔），ing：象塔一样高耸的。
US ['taʊɚ.ɪŋ] adjective literary
■very high and making people feel respect 高耸的
• the towering walls of the Acropolis 雅典卫城高耸的城墙
■very great 杰出的，卓越的
• a towering figure in the British art world 英国艺术界的杰出人物
• Laurence Olivier's Othello was a towering performance. 劳伦斯‧奥利弗塑造的奥赛罗这角色十分出色。
adj. 高耸的；卓越的；激烈的
 - remarkable, excellent, prominent, acute

Word: limo
Front: limo
[ˈlɪməʊ] (9300/24679)
Back: n. 豪华轿车
分布：豪华轿车(100%)
N-COUNT
同limousine
A limo is a limousine .
例：A large, shiny black limo pulled up to the curb...一辆闪亮的黑色豪华大轿车在路边停下。
例：She was driven from Heathrow by limo to the hotel.她从希思罗机场坐豪华轿车到酒店。

Word: burgeoning
Front: burgeoning
['bɜ:dʒənɪŋ] (9302/13949)
Back: adj. 迅速成长的，迅速发展的
v. 发芽，抽枝( burgeon的现在分词 ); 迅速发展; 发（芽），抽（枝）
分布：迅速发展的(64%)，生机勃勃的(28%)，动词burgeon的现在分词.(8%)
US ['bɝ:-] adjective
■developing quickly 迅速发展
• The company hoped to profit from the burgeoning communications industry. 公司希望能从迅速发展的通讯业中获利。
adj. 增长迅速的；生机勃勃的
 - lifeful

Word: dissertation
Front: dissertation
[ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn] (托雅宝 9303/12720 -1)
Vocabulary: dissertation
(once / 2476 pages)
n
A dissertation is a long piece of writing that uses research to bring to light an original idea. Don't go to grad school unless you're prepared to write, say, a 300-page dissertation on some topic.
In everyday speech, we sometimes accuse people of delivering dissertations when they overload us with dull information. If you're annoyed with a long memo from your office manager about keeping the kitchen clean, you could mutter to a coworker, “How’d you like that dissertation Felix posted about rinsing out our mugs?”
WORD FAMILY
dissertation: dissertations+/dissertate: dissertated, dissertates, dissertating, dissertation
USAGE EXAMPLES
“One of them just finished her dissertation on women rescuers and perpetrators in Rwanda. She wrote to me and said, ‘This is all about Marion.’
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
His doctoral dissertation in 1998 on oil transport networks drips with contempt for market forces.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
A doctoral dissertation at the University of California at Santa Barbara uses “feminist methodologies” to understand how Girl Scout cookie sales “reproduce hegemonic gender roles.”
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 专题论文，学位论文; 学术演讲
分布：论文(100%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-sert, 安排，连接，词源同series, insert. 即分开安排，各个讨论，引申词义专题论文。比较discuss, discourse, disquisition.
【记】dissert（vi 论述）
US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done as a part of a course at college or university 专题论文；学位论文
• Ann did her dissertation on Baudelaire. 安的论文写的是波德莱尔。
article, paper, theme, composition, dissertation, essay, prose, thesis
这组词都有“文章”的意思，其区别是：
article: 多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章，包括新闻报导、学术论文等。
paper: 正式用词，多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文，也指高等学校的学期论文，或学校里的作文练习。
theme: 一般指大学或高中生作为作业所写的篇幅有限、较完整论述某个观点的文章。也可指作品或谈话的主要论题。
composition: 多指学校里老师给学生的作文练习。
dissertation: 书面语用词，指独立研究后所写的较为详细的专题文章；也可指学位论文。
essay: 指任何一种非小说性的，篇幅不长、结构简练的文章，如论说文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。
prose: 专指散文。
thesis: 既可指毕业论文、学位论文，又可指一般的为阐述学术观点而写的论文。
n. 论文，专题；学术演讲
 - thesis, tractate

Word: preferably
Front: preferably
['prefrəblɪ] (9307/6353)
Vocabulary: preferably
(once / 3703 pages)
adv
The adverb preferably refers to the most desirable choice. You could say you were looking for a new car, preferably a hybrid. That means that a hybrid is the kind of car you would choose over any other kind.
As preferably is the adverb form of the word "prefer," we can find its roots in the Latin praeferre, which means "to set before." When you use preferably you're saying you'd set that choice before all others, though you might accept something else. Musician David Byrne once said, "I wanted to be a secret agent and an astronaut, preferably at the same time."
WORD FAMILY
preferable: preferably +/ prefer: preferable, preference, prefering, preferment, preferred, preferring, prefers/ preference: preferences, preferential / preferential: preferentially/preferment: preferments/ preferred: preferredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
"If this is a new 'fashion' we must be prepared for it and preferably prevent such things from starting," she wrote.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Only after completing this ritual would we consider a movie, preferably something loud and empty.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Slice the fennel lengthwise very thinly, preferably with a mandolin.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 更可取地，更好地，宁可
分布：宁可(44%)，宁愿(28%)，更好地(28%)
US [-ɚ.ə-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■if possible 可能的话；更可取地，更好地
• Water the plants twice a week, preferably in the morning. 这些植物每周浇两次水，最好是在早晨。
adv. 较好；宁可，宁愿；更适宜
 - soon, rather, first

Word: tug
Front: tug
[tʌg] (研六托雅 6210/6725 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 用力拉，使劲拉; 使劲，挣扎; [航海]用拖船拖曳; 竞争
n. 猛拉，推力; 绳索链条; [航海] 拖船; 竞争，斗争
时态：tugged, tugging, tugs
分布：拖船(64%)，用力拉(36%)
→来自古英语 teohan,拉，拖，来自 Proto-Germanic*teuhan,拉，拖，来自 deuk,拉，词源同 duct,tow.
v.用力拖(或拉);苦干n.拖;苦干;拖船She tugged my ear.她拉我的耳朵.
verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
■to pull something quickly and usually with a lot of force （用力）拉，拖，拽
• Tom tugged at his mother's arm. 汤姆拽着妈妈的胳膊。
[tʌg] noun countable
BOAT 船 (also tugboat)
■a boat with a powerful engine which can change direction easily and is used to pull large ships into and out of port 拖轮
[tʌg] noun countable
PULL 拉
■a sudden strong pull on something （用力）拉，拖，拽
• Feeling a tug at his sleeve, he turned to see Joe beside him. 他感觉到有人拉他的袖子，一转身，看到乔在他身边。
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 拖船；拖曳；苦干
 - tugboat, towboat
vi. 用力拉；竞争；努力做
 - contest, cope
vt. 用力拉；较量；用拖船拖
 - rouse up, stack up against

Word: fridge
Front: fridge
[frɪdʒ] (中研四六雅 9318/5453 -K2)
Vocabulary: fridge
(once / 13602 pages)
n
Fridge is short for refrigerator, that giant kitchen appliance that keeps food cold. If you’re too hungry to say five syllables, just say you’re going to see what’s in the fridge.
Although fridge is a little word, a fridge can be anything from a regular-sized refrigerator to one of those little mini-fridges that live in a dorm room or man cave. Fridge sounds like frigid, which means very cold. The colloquial fridge has been around since the mid-1920s, possibly inspired by the well-known refrigerator brand Frigidaire.
WORD FAMILY
fridge: fridges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smarter Applications is launching a fridge webcam at CES that alerts owners to when food nears its expiry date.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
My room, a suite, is tremendously apportioned, with a living area offering couch, TV, fridge and even iPod- and iPhone-connecting speakers.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The “Fridge” captivated the football world when the 300-pounder rumbled for a Chicago touchdown against the Green Bay Packers on Monday Night Football in 1985.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 电冰箱; 冷冻机
分布：电冰箱(100%)
→缩写自refrigerator.
n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱Please get me an ice cube out of the fridge.请替我从冰箱里拿块冰块来.
noun countable (also refrigerator) (US old-fashioned ice-box)
 ADVANCED
■a piece of kitchen equipment which uses electricity to preserve food at a cold temperature 冰箱，电冰箱
• Don't forget to put the milk back in the fridge. 别忘了把牛奶放回冰箱里。
n. 电冰箱
 - electric refrigerator

Word: racist
Front: racist
['reɪsɪst] (6381/7885)
Vocabulary: racist
(once / 3669 pages)
nadj
A person who believes one race is better than another is racist. Racists discriminate against other races.
If you believe one race is superior, you are racist. In this country, given our history of slavery and discrimination, racist behavior almost always centers on white/black relations, but you can be racist toward any race. Individuals can be racist, but it's much more harmful when businesses, laws, and governments are racist. A racist person can do some damage, but a racist government can do far worse, as in the cases of slavery in America or Apartheid in South Africa.
WORD FAMILY
racist: nonracist, racists+/interracial: interracially/ race: raced, racer, races, racial, racing, racism, racy/racer: racers/ racial: biracial, interracial, multiracial, nonracial, racialism, racially/racialism: racialist/racialist: racialists/racing: racings/ racism: racist /racy: racier, raciest, racily, raciness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jurors would later see a video of Roof confessing to the crime — “Well, I killed them, I guess,” he said — and offering a racist rationale.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“I honestly don’t care about that place. And mentioning the racist legacy of a place is legal, right?”
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Everyone should read “Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America,” which shows how racism adapts to every anti-racist victory.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 种族主义者
分布：种族主义者(77%)，种族主义的(23%)
noun countable (UK old-fashioned racialist) disapproving
 ADVANCED
■someone who believes that other races are not as good as their own and therefore treats them unfairly 种族主义者
• Two of the killers are known to be racists. 杀人凶手中有两人是臭名昭著的种族主义分子。
['reɪ.sɪst] adjective disapproving
■believing that other races are not as good as your own and therefore treating them unfairly 种族主义的
• He furiously denied being racist. 他竭力否认自己是种族主义者。
• They were the victims of a vicious racist attack. 他们是一宗恶性种族暴力袭击事件的受害者。

Word: needless
Front: needless
[ˈni:dləs] (四六 9297/7525 -1)
Vocabulary: needless
(once / 640 pages)
adj
Something needless isn't required, necessary, or wanted. If you haven't touched that plastic back scratcher since Christmas 1992, it's probably needless.
If your mom frets every time you walk out the door, you can assure her that it's needless worry — you'll be fine. And buying extremely pricey underwear might seem to be a needless expense — who cares how fancy your underwear is? Needless comes from need and its Old English root nied, "necessity."
WORD FAMILY
needless: needlessly+/ need: needed, needer, needful, needing, needless, needs, needy /needed: unneeded/needful: needfulest, needfully/ needy: needier, neediest, needily, neediness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Needless to say, she is not a natural fit for the job, and her sister’s children are, to put it mildly, challenging.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Needless to say, the reaction from other fans was incredible.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This practice hurts ordinary investors and contributes to needless complexity and volatility.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不需要的; 不必要的; 无用的; 多余的
adv. 不需要地; 不必要地
n. 不需要; 不必要
分布：不需要的(62%)，无用的(38%)
→need,需要，-less,无，没有。
adjective
■completely unnecessary 不必要的，完全不必的
• needless worrying 不必要的担心
['ni:d.ləs] adjective
needless to say
■as you would expect; added to, or used to introduce, a remark giving information which is expected and not surprising 当然，不用说
• Needless to say, he'll be off work for a while. 当然，他会暂停工作一段时间。
adj. 不必要的，不需要的；多余的，无用的
 - unnecessary, spare, useless, waste

Word: inconsistency
Front: inconsistency
[ˌɪnkən'sɪstənsɪ] (9298/8719)
Vocabulary: inconsistency
(once / 1339 pages)
n
When there's inconsistency, things are not the same. An example of inconsistency in parenting might be when parents give different allowances to kids who are the same age.
There's a lot of inconsistency in the world. Some restaurants will serve delicious food most of the time, but not all the time. Teachers in different classes will have different rules for what is expected. Another type of inconsistency is between ideas or propositions. For example, if you want to lose weight but cannot stop eating donuts, there is a major inconsistency between those two ideas. Anywhere you find things that are changing or varying, there is inconsistency.
WORD FAMILY
inconsistency: inconsistencies+/ consistent: consistently, inconsistent, self-consistent/ inconsistent: inconsistency, inconsistently
USAGE EXAMPLES
That increases the likelihood of inconsistencies and errors.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That’s how players overcome inconsistency, by playing their best when the alternative seems dire.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
INCONSISTENCIES: Both teams were perplexingly inconsistent this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 不一致，不协调; 前后矛盾，不一贯
分布：不一致(74%)，矛盾(25%)，不调和(1%)
【记】consistency（n 连结；一致性；连贯性）con共同，sist站立－一致
N-UNCOUNT
(行为的)反复无常,易变
If you refer to someone's inconsistency, you are criticizing them for not behaving in the same way every time a similar situation occurs.
例：His worst fault was his inconsistency...他最大的缺点就是反复无常。
例：The report accuses the judicial system of inconsistency and partiality.报告指责司法系统执法前后不一且有失公正。
N-VAR
前后矛盾;不一致
If there are inconsistencies in two statements, one cannot be true if the other is true.
例：We were asked to investigate the alleged inconsistencies in his evidence.我们被要求对他证词中的前后矛盾之处进行调查。
例：...the complete inconsistency of his argument.他的论点全然自相矛盾
n. 不一致；易变
 - variance, disagreement, disparity, volatility

Word: terminology
Front: terminology
[ˌtɜ:mɪˈnɒlədʒi] (六托宝 9306/7169 -1)
Vocabulary: terminology
(once / 5370 pages)
n
Terminology is vocabulary associated with a certain field of study, profession, or activity. Knowing the terminology is an important part of being able to work in a given profession.
When your nuclear physicists friends start talking shop and it suddenly sounds like they are speaking a different language, they are probably using nuclear physics terminology. Education terminology includes "rubric," "lesson plan," "pop quiz," "term paper," "student engagement." Medical terminology includes "blood work," "CVC," "scalpel," "set." Lawyers sometimes use legal terminology such "forthwith," "heretofore" and "the part of the first part" to intimidate people they might want to threaten to sue. It works.
WORD FAMILY
terminology: terminological, terminologies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Updating the official record and terminology is one part of the project.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Why was different terminology used to describe similar actions against people with different political views?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
More often that not, Bradley actually uses British terminology.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 专门名词; 术语，术语学; 用辞
分布：术语(93%)，术语学(7%)
→termin-,边界，终端，-logy,学说。引申词义边界，术语，专门用语。
术语,专门名词(termin+o+logy学科→定出界限的学科→下定义→术语[学])[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
【记】term（n 术语），inology学科－术语学
US [ˌtɝ:.mɪ'nɑ:.lə-] noun countable or uncountable
■special words or expressions used in relation to a particular subject or activity 术语
• scientific terminology 科学术语
Compare jargon
n. [语] 术语，术语学；用辞
 - technology, onym

Word: menace
Front: menace
[ˈmenəs] (研六托雅宝 9314/7581 -1)
Vocabulary: menace
(once / 345 pages)
nv
If it's threatening you or otherwise posing some sort of danger, then it's a menace. Angry rabid dogs, smog clouds, and annoying little brothers are all probable menaces.
The word menace works as both a noun and a verb, but it wasn't used to describe threatening or bothersome people until 1936. Before then, common menaces probably included things like the plague, locusts, and roving bands of pirate ships. Today, a bad reputation can menace an otherwise promising career, weeds can menace your garden, and burglars are a menace to society.
WORD FAMILY
menace: menaced, menaces, menacing +/ menacing: menacingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In time Roosevelt was able to stem the economic bloodbath, but only to be confronted by the Nazi menace overrunning Europe.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
There was an encouraging moment for City when Silva provided some menace with a run through the Liverpool defense before firing just wide of Mignolet.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
They remained drawn to their team’s brash play and menacing image even though its performance on the field was often uninspiring.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 威胁; 恐吓
vt. &vi. 威胁; 恐吓
时态：menaced, menacing, menaces
分布：威胁(84%)，恐吓(13%)，威吓(3%)
→来自拉丁语minari,突出，升出，来自men,突出，升出，词源同mountain,minatory.引申词义威胁。
vt./n.有危险性的人(或物);威胁,威吓A man who drives fast is a menace to others.开快车的人对其他人是个威胁.
【记】menace＝men＋face，男人的脸－威胁
noun
countable usually singular
■something that is likely to cause harm 危险的事物；构成威胁的事物
• Drunk drivers are a menace to everyone. 醉酒驾驶者对所有人都构成威胁。
• Dogs running loose are a public menace. 没有拴起来到处乱跑的犬只对公众安全构成威胁。
• the menace of industrial pollution 工业污染的危害
uncountable
■a dangerous quality that makes you think someone is going to do something bad 威胁；威吓
• He had a slight air of menace which I found unsettling. 他略带威胁的神情使我感到不安。
• He spoke with a hint of menace. 他的语气中透出一丝威胁。
countable
■a person, especially a child, who is very annoying 讨厌的人（尤指小孩）
demand money with menaces UK legal
■to demand money using threats 勒索钱财
• He was accused of unlawfully demanding money with menaces. 他被控非法勒索钱财。
['men.ɪs] verb transitive slightly formal
■If someone or something menaces a person or thing, they threaten seriously to harm it 威胁；威吓
• Hurricane Hugo menaced the US coast for a week. 飓风“雨果”威胁美国海岸长达一周。
risk, danger, threat, menace, hazard, peril
这组词都有“危险、威胁”的意思，其区别是：
risk: 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。
danger: 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。
threat: 普通用词，语气弱于menace，指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。
menace: 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。
hazard: 比risk正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。
peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。
menace, threaten
这组词都有“威胁、恐吓”的意思，其区别是：
menace: 系正式用词，着重以脸色或某种意志给以威胁，而不用语言明白表示出来。
threaten: 侧重扬言要对不服从者给予惩罚，有时指某种情况所预示的恶兆。
n. 威胁；恐吓
 - threat, danger
vi. 恐吓；进行威胁
 - to threaten
vt. 威胁；恐吓
 - cow, to threaten

Word: opaque
Front: opaque
[əʊˈpeɪk] (研六托雅宝 9310/11427 -1)
Vocabulary: opaque
(once / 2092 pages)
adj
Use the adjective opaque either for something that doesn't allow light to pass through (like a heavy curtain) or for something difficult to understand (like bureaucratic gobbledygook).
Opaque is from a Latin word meaning "dark," and that was its original sense in English, but it now means literally "not transparent" or metaphorically "hard to understand; unclear": "Some of his sentences are really opaque." It used to be spelled opake, which made the pronunciation clearer, but we then borrowed the more opaque French spelling. Come to think of it, English spelling is often pretty opaque, which makes it hard for learners of the language to master.
WORD FAMILY
opaque: opacity, opaquely, opaqueness, opaquer, semiopaque+/ opacity: opacities/opaqueness: opaquenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A decade ago, when viral phenomena were still opaque and full of mystery, we gazed awe-struck as “Charlie Bit My Finger” rose to fame.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The reasons for the UK’s reluctance to allow resettlement are opaque.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
And companies are increasingly using secretive and opaque methods to calculate rates.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不透明的; 无光泽的，晦暗的; 不传导性的; 含糊的，迟钝的
n. 不透明，晦暗; [建]遮檐; 遮光涂料
分布：不透明的(96%)，难懂的(4%)
→来自拉丁语opacus,有阴影的，黑暗的，模糊的。
不透明的(op不＋aque水→不像水一样→不透明的)[aqu=water,表示"水"]
a.不透明(光)的;难理解的,晦涩的At the neck of the wrecked deck, the reckoner checked the opaque cheque.在遭破坏的甲板的颈部,计算者检查了这张不透明支票.
【记】读：OPEC（n 石油输出国组织）经常出现一些不明朗的意向。
【参】opalescence（n 不透明的乳白光）
【反】diaphanous（adj 透明的）
US [oʊ-] adjective
■preventing light from travelling through, and therefore not transparent or translucent 不透明的；不透光的
• opaque glass/tights 不透明的玻璃／连裤袜
■formal
■describes writing or speech that is difficult to understand （文字或演讲）难理解的；晦涩的；含糊的
• I find her poetry rather opaque. 我发现她的诗相当晦涩。
adj. [物] 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的
 - slow, non-transparent
vt. [物] 使不透明；使不反光
 - devitrify

Word: rewarding
Front: rewarding
[rɪˈwɔ:dɪŋ] (宝 9319/8516 -1)
Vocabulary: rewarding
(once / 3224 pages)
adj
Things that satisfy you or make you happy are rewarding. Even if you love to learn, the most rewarding part of going to school for many of us is making good friends.
The word reward is obvious when you look at the adjective rewarding, and rewarding things do give you a kind of reward. Rather than cash for finding a neighbor's lost cat, though, the reward you get from something rewarding is pleasure or satisfaction. Watching a great movie is rewarding, and so is doing something kind for another person. You might even get lucky and have a rewarding career, or even a rewarding life.
WORD FAMILY
rewarding: rewardingly, unrewarding+/ reward: rewarded, rewardful, rewarding, rewards/rewarded: unrewarded/unrewarding: unrewardingly/ ward: reward, warded, warder, warding, wards/warder: warders, wardership
USAGE EXAMPLES
The federal government and private insurers are rewarding health care providers that work together to coordinate care and avoid unnecessary expenses.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s surprising and rewarding to be visiting after 15 years, Cornwell said in her suite at the Omni Richmond Hotel.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When I am busier it’s harder to step outside, but more rewarding.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得的; 有报酬的
分布：有益的(57%)，值得的(30%)，有报酬的(10%)，动词reward的现在分词.(3%)
→来自 reward,奖励，报酬。
【记】源于：reward（v 奖赏）
【反】drudgery（n 苦差事）－rewarding work（有酬劳的工作）
US [-'wɔ:r-] adjective
■giving a reward, especially by making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or done something well 值得做的；有意义的
• Is it a rewarding job? 做这份工作有意义吗？
• Textbook writing can be an intellectually and financially rewarding activity. 编著教科书会是一件很有意义的工作，既可以使人增长知识，又可以获得经济上的回报。
adj. 有益的，值得的；有报酬的，报答的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, conducive, advantageous

Word: nausea
Front: nausea
[ˈnɔ:ziə] (雅宝 9312/12346 -1)
Vocabulary: nausea
(once / 1516 pages)
n
When you feel like you might throw up, that's nausea. I know you're feeling sea sick, but if our boat sinks, nausea will be the least of your problems.
Nausea gets its root from the Greek word for ship, naus, so it might have originally meant sea sickness in particular. Remembering this origin might help you spell nausea correctly too, since it ends with “sea.” But nausea can strike on dry land just as well, from eating the wrong thing, catching the flu, reading on a moving bus . . . just thinking of it all makes me sick to my stomach.
WORD FAMILY
nausea: nauseate, nauseous +/ nauseate: nauseated, nauseates, nauseating / nauseating: nauseatingly, nauseatingness/ nauseous: nauseously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And maybe there’s a lesson to be learned here: to move outside myself, to move beyond nausea; to focus on the other, not on self.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
All these frivolous high society partygoers are faced with the “nausea, terror and shame” that awaits them.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Residents complained of headaches, nosebleeds and nausea, short-term symptoms associated with an odor-causing additive in the natural gas.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 作呕; 恶心; 反胃; 极度厌恶
分布：恶心(86%)，反胃(10%)，作呕(3%)，极端的厌恶(1%)
→来自拉丁语naus,船，词源同nautical,navigate.其原义为晕船，作呕，后词义通用化。
作呕;晕船(naus海+ea[=ia病]→海上的病→晕船,作呕)[nav,naus,naut=ship表示"船",naut引申为"海员"]
UK [-ʒə] US ['nɑ:-] noun uncountable
■when you feel as if you are going to vomit 恶心，呕吐感
• Signs of the illness include fever, nausea and vomiting. 这种病的症状包括发烧、恶心和呕吐。
n. [临床] 恶心，晕船；极端的憎恶
 - queasiness, naupathia

Word: academically
Front: academically
[ˌækə'demɪklɪ] (9322/14700)
Back: adv. 从学术观点; 关于学院或大学; 关于学会或协会; 以学者风度
分布：学术上(44%)，理论上(28%)，学业上(28%)
ADJ
教学的，学业的（尤指学识方面而非实践、技能上的）
Academic is used to describe things that relate to the work done in schools, colleges, and universities, especially work which involves studying and reasoning rather than practical or technical skills.
例：Their academic standards are high...他们的教学水平很高。
例：I was terrible at school and left with few academic qualifications...我的学习成绩一塌糊涂，离校时几乎没有学历。
ADJ
学校的;学院的;大学的
Academic is used to describe things that relate to schools, colleges, and universities.
例：...the start of the last academic year...最后一个学年的开始
例：I'd had enough of academic life.学生生活我已经过够了。
ADJ-GRADED
学术的,重研究与思辨的（与重实践或技能相对）
Academic is used to describe work, or a school, college, or university, that places emphasis on studying and reasoning rather than on practical or technical skills.
例：The author has settled for a more academic approach...那位作者已确定采用更为学术的方法。
例：Different schools teach different types of syllabus, from the highly academic to the broadly vocational.不同的学校有不同的教学计划，从高度学术的到普通职业教育的，不一而足。
ADJ-GRADED
学业优秀的
Someone who is academic is good at studying.
例：The system is failing most disastrously among less academic children.这种制度对学习不太好的孩子效果最差。
N-COUNT
大学教师；高校科研人员
An academic is a member of a university or college who teaches or does research.
ADJ-GRADED
学究式的；空谈的；不切实际的
You can say that a discussion or situation is academic if you think it is not important because it has no real effect or cannot happen.
例：This was not an academic exercise — soldiers' lives were at risk...这不是纸上演习——士兵的生命受到了威胁。
例：Such is the size of the problem that these arguments are purely academic.问题的实情在于这些论点纯属空谈。
adv. 学术上；学业上
 - technically

Word: asparagus
Front: asparagus
[əˈspærəgəs] (宝 9304/21725 -1)
Vocabulary: asparagus
(once / 2821 pages)
n
Asparagus is a bright green vegetable that is tender and sweet when it's cooked. Asparagus grows straight up out of the ground in a spear shape.
The plant that grows familiar asparagus spears is actually a relative of the lily — it's considered to be a flowering plant, and a perennial, or a plant that returns every year. Asparagus has been eaten for centuries, and is even pictured in some ancient Egyptian art. The word is also asparagus in Latin, from the Greek asparagos, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European word meaning "to spring up."
WORD FAMILY
asparagus: asparaguses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Asparagus on every plate in December suggests no pressing need here to be seasonally correct.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Recipes, packaged snacks and other foods of a certain hue include purple asparagus, purple cauliflower, purple sweet potatoes, black rice, acai and more.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Also in trouble are wild relatives of the sunflower, such as the Anomalus sunflower, the chickpea and asparagus.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 芦笋，芦笋的茎; 天冬
分布：芦笋(100%)
→词源不详。俗词源认为其是sparrow grass, 麻雀草。
US [-'sper-] noun uncountable
■a plant with pale green juicy stems that are cooked and eaten as a vegetable 石刁柏，芦笋
• asparagus spears 芦笋嫩茎
n. [园艺] 芦笋； [植] 龙须菜；天冬
 - sparrowgrass, asperge

Word: editing
Front: editing
[ˈeditiŋ] (9321/8964)
Vocabulary: editing
(once / 278 pages)
n
Editing is when you make changes, especially to a written document, that improve the finished product. A good English teacher will tell you that editing is just as important as writing.
Modifying your short story, cutting out some lines and adding others, is one example of editing. When a US senator makes changes to a complicated bill so it will please both Democrats and Republicans, it's also editing. Editing a work or document often makes it shorter, and it almost always makes it better. The Latin root of editing is editionem, "a bringing forth, producing," or "a statement or account."
WORD FAMILY
edit: edited, editing, editor, edits, subedit+/ edited: unedited/ editor: editorial, editors, editorship/ editorial: editorialise, editorialist, editorialize, editorially, editorials/editorialist: editorialists/ editorialize: editorialized, editorializes, editorializing/editorship: editorships/subedit: subediting, subeditor/subeditor: subeditors
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the editing, one of Mills’s producers sent him a note: “No more self-pity.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Professor Kamoun experimented with editing the genes of a tomato plant so that it would no longer be susceptible to a particular disease.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The museum’s media center will train middle school and high school students how to operate television cameras and editing equipment.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 编辑的
v. 编辑( edit的现在分词 ); 剪辑（电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等）; 主编（报纸、杂志等）
分布：编辑(99%)，动词edit的现在分词形式.(1%)
VERB
编辑;编纂;校订
If you edit a text such as an article or a book, you correct and adapt it so that it is suitable for publishing.
例：The majority of contracts give the publisher the right to edit a book after it's done.大多数合同都赋予出版商在书稿完成后进行校订的权利。
例：...an edited version of the speech.经校订的演讲稿
VERB
编选;选辑
If you edit a book or a series of books, you collect several pieces of writing by different authors and prepare them for publishing.
例：This collection of essays is edited by Ellen Knight...这本文集是由埃伦·奈特编选的。
例：She has edited the media studies quarterly, Screen.她编选了这本媒体研究季刊——《银幕》。
VERB
剪辑（电影、电视或广播节目）
If you edit a film or a television or radio programme, you choose some of what has been filmed or recorded and arrange it in a particular order.
例：He taught me to edit and splice film...他教我电影剪接。
例：He is editing together excerpts of some of his films.他正在将自己制作的一些电影的片断进行剪辑合成。
VERB
主编(报纸、杂志或期刊)
Someone who edits a newspaper, magazine, or journal is in charge of it.
例：I used to edit the college paper in the old days.以前我曾经做过大学校报的主编。
N-COUNT
编辑;校订
An edit is the process of examining and correcting a text so that it is suitable for publishing.
例：The purpose of the edit is fairly simple—to chop out the boring bits from the original.编辑的目的非常简单——删掉原稿中那些无用的部分。
adj. [计] 编辑的
 - compilatory
v. [计] 编辑（edit的ing形式）
 - compiling

Word: optics
Front: optics
[ˈɒptɪks] (四 9313/20417 -1)
Vocabulary: optics
(once / 1778 pages)
n
Scientists who study the physics of light are experts in optics. The field of optics includes light's physical attributes and the way our eyes detect it.
If you learn about optics in a physics class, you'll spend some time learning about vision, which involves our eyes' ability to focus and reflect light — to see, in other words. Other aspects of optics include properties like reflection, refraction, and various ways light interacts with matter. Informally, optics is also used to mean "political spin," or the way the public perceives what politicians say and do, and how politicians tailor their actions to be viewed in specific ways.
WORD FAMILY
optics: optical +/ optic: optics / optical: optically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reason is that an appointment from Democratic ranks — particularly from the Senate — would be more than just good optics for the Republicans.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But that was Clinton’s campaign for you, bereft of principle and pathologically concerned with “optics” at the expense of substance.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
That would still expose him to very serious questions about potentially enriching himself while president—which while likely not illegal, is certainly bad optics.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 光学
分布：光学(100%)
→来自optic,眼的，眼睛的，-ics,学说。即眼科学，引申词义光学。
光学(opt视力+ics学科)[opt,opto=sight,表示"视力"]
US ['ɑ:p-] noun uncountable
■the study of light and of instruments using light 光学
n. [光] 光学
 - photics

Word: horseback
Front: horseback
[ˈhɔ:sbæk] (9316/14162 -1)
Back: n. 马背; 隆起的条状地带（山脊）
adj. 性急的，草率的，未经充分考虑的
adv. 在马背上
分布：马背(81%)，在马背上的(10%)，在马背上地(6%)，臆断的(3%)
US ['hɔ:rs-] adjective [before noun]
■on a horse 骑在马上的
• horseback riding 骑马
• a horseback rider 骑马者
UK ['hɔ:s.bæk] US ['hɔ:rs-] noun
on horseback
■riding a horse 骑着马的
• police on horseback 骑警
adj. 性急的；草率的；未经充分考虑的
 - brief, hot-brained

Word: crunch
Front: crunch
[krʌntʃ] (7540/11397 -2)
Vocabulary: crunch
(once / 1562 pages)
1vn 2n
When you crunch something, you grind it into tiny pieces, often with your teeth. You can also crunch whole spices into smaller bits with a mortar and pestle.
A horse might crunch an apple, and on a summer day you might drink a glass of iced tea and crunch the ice between your teeth. You could also describe the sound of gravel underneath the wheels of a car or feet walking in fresh snow as a crunch. A figurative crunch is a deadline or crisis: "When it came to the crunch, I just voted for the person who would do the least harm."
WORD FAMILY
crunch: crunched, crunches, crunching
USAGE EXAMPLES
To the layperson, this is one of Big Data’s stranger qualities—that the portrait of an individual emerges from the crunched crowd.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Prices are forecast to rise since the cash crunch is pinching supplies of all sorts of goods.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
So in any crunch, he sides with the settlers, and they keep pushing.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼; 嘎吱嘎吱地压，碾，跺; [俚]运行，处理
vi. 嘎吱嘎吱地咀嚼; 嘎吱嘎吱地动; 发嘎吱嘎吱声
n. 嘎吱声; 决定性冲突; 危急情况; 经济收缩
时态：crunched, crunching, crunches
分布：关键时刻(69%)，发出碎裂声(8%)，嘎吱声(8%)，嘎喳嘎喳地碾过(5%)，艰难局面(5%)，嘎吱嘎吱地咀嚼(5%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to crush hard food loudly between the teeth, or to make a sound as if something is being crushed or broken 嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼；嘎吱作响
• She was crunching noisily on an apple. 她嘎吱嘎吱地嚼着苹果。
• The gravel crunched underfoot as we walked up to the house. 我们向房子走去，脚下的砾石嚓嚓作响。
[krʌntʃ] noun
SOUND 声音
countable usually singular
■the sound of hard food being crushed between the teeth, or like something being crushed or broken 嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼；嘎吱作响
• The woods were silent apart from the crunch of our feet in the snow. 树林里一片寂静，只有我们踩在雪地上的嘎吱嘎吱声。
[krʌntʃ] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
the crunch informal
only singular
■a difficult situation which forces you to make a decision or do something 严峻的形势；紧要关头；需要作出艰难抉择的时刻
• The crunch came when she was forced to choose between her marriage and her career. 关键时刻到了，她不得不在婚姻和事业之间作出选择。
[krʌntʃ] noun
if/when it comes to the crunch
■when a situation becomes extremely serious and a decision must be made 要是到了紧要关头；等到了关键时刻；需要作出决定时
• If it comes to the crunch and you and your husband do split up, you can always stay with us. 如果到最后关头，你和你丈夫非得离婚，你总还可以和我们住在一起。
n. 咬碎，咬碎声；扎扎地踏
 - craunch
vt. 压碎；嘎扎嘎扎的咬嚼；扎扎地踏过
 - crush

Word: fuss
Front: fuss
[fʌs] (研六雅宝 9325/6428 -2)
Vocabulary: fuss
(once / 581 pages)
1n 2v
If you are making a fuss, settle down! A fuss is a state of excitement, and it's usually about something not worth worrying or "fussing" about.
Most fusses are types of commotion. If someone makes a fuss, they're overexcited and in a tizzy over something, like someone who can't stop asking questions. Another fuss is angrier: you might say "What's the fuss?" if you hear two people yelling at each other. A fuss is also any kind of hubbub or whirlwind of activity, like a huge crowd swarming toward a sale. Parents tend to fuss over their children. Someone who fusses is worrying too much.
WORD FAMILY
fuss: fussed, fusses, fussing, fussy +/fussiness: fussinesses/ fussy: fussier, fussiest, fussily, fussiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One day in the future I’m sure he will understand what all the fuss was about.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Some on Tennyson Street say they don’t understand the fuss over security.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Meanwhile, let’s put the fuss in some context.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 忙乱; 大惊小怪; 大惊小怪的人; 争吵
vi. 忙乱; 大惊小怪; 抱怨
vt. 使烦恼，使烦忧; 使急躁
vt. & vi. 瞎忙一气，过分关心
时态：fussed, fussing, fusses
分布：大惊小怪(71%)，小题大作(15%)，无事自扰(5%)，焦急(4%)，扰乱(2%)，对小事激动(1%)，使焦躁(1%)，强烈不满或争吵(1%)
→词源不详。通常认为来自拟声语，指大惊小怪的人。
n./v.忙乱,大惊小怪There is no need to make such a big fuss over it.没有必要对这件事情大惊小怪吧?
【记】何为大惊小怪？就是过分的注意，设想你的父fu亲ss了，你能一般的注意吗！！！各位中华大孝子们可能不愿意这样背单词，但是背单词是不择手段的，你的父亲今天帮助你背一个单词，是为了你的哈佛、耶鲁，将来回报你父亲的可不只一个单词这么简单吧？
【参】fussy（adj 为琐事而担忧的；过分装饰的；难取悦的）
【区】fuzz（n 细毛；绒毛）
noun
TOO MUCH OF A FEELING 过多的情感
 ADVANCED [S or U]
■a show of anger, worry, lack of satisfaction or excitement, usually one which is greater than the situation deserves 紧张不安；大惊小怪；过分激动
• She made such a fuss when Richard spilt a drop of wine on her blouse! 理查将一滴酒溅在她的衬衫上，她好一阵大惊小怪。
• It's all a fuss about nothing. 这完全是无谓的大惊小怪。
• I don't see what the fuss is about - he seems like a fairly ordinary looking guy to me. 我看不出来为甚么那么激动——在我看来他不过是一个长相普通的家伙。
• We tried to arrange a ceremony with as little fuss as possible. 我们试图安排一个尽可能低调的仪式。
make a fuss of/over sb
■to give someone a lot of attention and treat them well 对（某人）关怀备至；对（某人）体贴入微
• She doesn't see her grandchildren very often so she makes a real fuss of them when she does. 她不怎么经常见到孙子们，所以见到时往往对他们非常宠爱。
[fʌs] noun
ATTENTION 注意
uncountable
■attention given to small matters which are not important （对小事的）焦虑，操心
• The article was entitled 'Making up with the minimum of fuss: a five-minute beauty routine that every busy woman should know'. 这篇文章题目为“费心最少的化妆——每位忙碌女性都应该知道的五分钟日常美容程式”。
[fʌs] verb
GIVE ATTENTION TO 注意
intransitive
■to give too much attention to small matters which are not important, usually in a way which shows that you are worried and not relaxed （为小事）过于烦恼，过度焦虑；过于关注（细节）
• Please, stop fussing - the food's cooking and there's nothing more to do until the guests arrive. 别瞎忙活了——饭正做着，客人们来之前没甚么要做的了。
• It irritates me the way she's always fussing with her hair! 她老是摆弄自己的头发，真让人受不了。
[fʌs] verb
MAKE NERVOUS/ANGRY 使烦扰／生气
transitive US
■to make someone nervous and angry by trying to get their attention when they are very busy 使烦恼；烦扰
• Don't fuss me, honey, I've got a whole pile of work to do. 别烦我，亲爱的，我有一大堆工作要做。
[fʌs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fuss over sb/sth
■to give someone or something too much attention because you want to show that you like them 过分宠爱；过分关注
• She's always fussing over that son of hers as if he were a little boy. 她总是过分宠爱那个儿子，就好像他还是个小孩子一样。
vi. 小题大作；忙乱；焦燥；焦急；无事自扰
 - make a big deal out of, break a butterfly on the wheel
n. 大惊小怪，大惊小怪的人；小题大作；忙乱
 - alarmism, hoo-ha
vt. 使烦恼，使烦忧
 - trouble, irk

Word: falter
Front: falter
[ˈfɔ:ltə(r)] (研托雅宝 9324/8808 -1)
Vocabulary: falter
(once / 411 pages)
1vn 2v
Falter means to hesitate, stumble, or waver, and everything from faith to voices can do it. So if you want to keep your bride or groom happy, it's best not to falter when it's your turn to say "I do."
Experts may falter if you ask them where falter came from, because the origins are pretty unclear. But everyone agrees on the current meaning: someone who falters is unsteady, wobbly, or unsure. You might falter while reciting a poem if you forget some of the lines, or falter crossing a rickety rope bridge when fear gets the most of you. But you certainly won't falter when someone asks you the meaning of this word.
WORD FAMILY
falter: faltered, faltering, falters+/ faltering: falteringly, falterings, unfaltering / unfaltering: unfalteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final part of the season is about positioning and staying relevant, but the Knicks must not falter before then.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
From the outset, St. Thomas played stifling defense, but on offense the team faltered.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
According to the index, a key trend of 2016 was that the London housing market's above-average performance began to falter.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. （嗓音）颤抖; 支吾其词; 蹒跚; 摇晃
n. 支吾，结巴; 踌躇，不稳; 摇晃; 颤抖
时态：faltered, faltering, falters
分布：动摇(54%)，蹒跚地走(20%)，支吾地说(13%)，迟疑(13%)
→可能来自fold, 折叠，打弯。引申词义衰弱。
【记】f，alter（v 改变）－总是改变走路的方向－蹒跚
US ['fɑ:l.tˌɚ] verb intransitive
■to lose strength or purpose and stop, or almost stop 衰弱；动摇；犹豫；畏缩
• The dinner party conversation faltered for a moment. 晚宴上的谈话出现了一刻冷场。
• Her friends never faltered in their belief in her. 她的朋友从未动摇过对她的信心。
• Nigel's voice faltered and he stopped speaking. 奈杰尔的声音颤抖了，他没再继续说下去。
■to move awkwardly as if you might fall 蹒跚；摇晃
• The nurse saw him falter and made him lean on her. 护士见他站不稳，就让他靠着自己。
vi. 支吾；蹒跚地走
 - mouch
n. 踌躇；支吾；颤抖
 - hesitancy, vacillation

Word: world-class
Front: world-class
[ˈwɜ:ldˈklæs] (-1)
Back: adj. 世界级的; 国际水平的
分布：世界级的(65%)，国际水准的(35%)
US [ˌwɝ:ld'klæs] adjective
■Someone or something world-class is one of the best that there are of that type in the world 世界级的；世界一流的
• a world-class athlete/performance 世界一流的运动员／表演

Word: orchid
Front: orchid
[ˈɔ:kɪd] (托宝 9332/10152)
Back: n. 兰花
分布：兰花(88%)，淡紫色(12%)
→来自希腊语orkhis,兰花，来自orghi,睾丸。因兰花球茎形似睾丸而得名。
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable
■a plant with beautifully coloured flowers which have an unusual shape 兰花
n. [园艺] 兰花； [植] 兰科植物；淡紫色
 - cymbidium, Arethusa
adj. 淡紫色的
 - violescent, lavender

Word: cracked
Front: cracked
[krækt] (9308/11930 -K1)
Back: adj. 有裂缝的; 声音沙哑的; 精神失常的
v. 破裂; 崩溃(crack的过去分词); 发沙哑声
分布：破裂的(60%)，破碎的(27%)，声音嘶哑的(13%)
adjective
■If something is cracked, it is damaged with one or more thin lines on its surface 破裂的；有裂缝的
• a cracked mirror/window 有裂纹的镜子／窗户
• cracked plates 破裂的盘子
■* crackers
[krækt] adjective
not be all it's cracked up to be informal
■to not be as good as people say 并没有所说的那么好
• This new radio station's not all it's cracked up to be. 这家新电台并不像吹嘘的那样好。
broken, cracked, chipped
broken: 破碎的
cracked: 裂纹的；
chipped: 有缺口的；
adj. 破裂的；声音嘶哑的；精神失常的
 - touched, fracted
v. 破裂；崩溃（crack的过去分词）；发沙哑声；失败
 - lost, collapsed

Word: humiliate
Front: humiliate
[hju:ˈmɪlieɪt] (研托雅宝 9338/9886 -1)
Vocabulary: humiliate
(once / 332 pages)
v
Humiliate means to make someone feel ashamed or stupid, often publicly. It would humiliate all but the most self-assured person to realize that everyone else in the room has noticed their fly is down.
For many, the experience of high school seems designed to humiliate teens––under the microscope of public scrutiny that is the high school community, every break up, every bad-hair day, every forgotten homework assignment humiliates kids in ways adults rarely understand.
WORD FAMILY
humiliate: humiliated, humiliates, humiliating, humiliation +/ humiliating: humiliatingly/ humiliation: humiliations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buying clothes with a 68 waist was humiliating.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Under the new guidelines, Syed said he worried he might again be suspended and humiliated.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Finally America allowed itself to be humiliated by Russia in Syria.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使蒙羞，使丢脸，使出丑; 屈辱，羞辱
时态：humiliated, humiliating, humiliates
分布：使丢脸(84%)，使 ... 蒙羞(16%)
→来自拉丁语humilis,尘土一样的，卑微的，来自humus,土，尘土，词源同humus,-ate,使。即使像尘土一样卑微的，引申词义羞辱。
羞辱,侮辱(hum+iliate使...使人到地上→羞辱别人)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
v.使羞辱,使丢脸[同]disgraceHe felt humiliated.他感觉受到屈辱.
verb transitive
■to make someone feel ashamed or lose their respect for themselves 羞辱；使丢脸
• How could you humiliate me by questioning my judgment in front of everyone like that? 你怎么能那样当众质疑我的判断，令我丢脸？
• England were humiliated (= completely defeated) in last night's match. 昨晚的比赛中英格兰队遭遇惨败。
shame, disgrace, humiliate, dishonour
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。
disgrace: 侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。
humiliate: 强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。
dishonour: 有时可与disgrace换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。
degrade, humble, disgrace, humiliate
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
degrade: 指因过失而受到降级、阶格；也多指因自身的境遇而感到耻辱。
humble: 常可和degrade换用，强调降级所带来的耻辱；也多指自卑和感到渺小无能的心理状态。
disgrace: 指降低某人在他人心目中的地位，使其丢脸。
humiliate: 指损伤或剥夺自尊感，损坏自尊心，强调蒙受耻辱。
vt. 羞辱；使…丢脸；耻辱
 - make a chump out of

Word: multilateral
Front: multilateral
[ˌmʌltiˈlætərəl] (雅 9356/13225 -1)
Back: adj. 多方面的，多边的; 多国的; 多国参加的
分布：多边的(59%)，多国参加的(41%)
→multi-,许多，多个，-later,边，词源同unilateral.
US [-tˌi'lætˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■involving more than two groups or countries 多国（或多方）参加的，多国（或多方）间的；多边的
• Seven countries are taking part in the multilateral talks. 将有七个国家参加这次多边会谈。
Compare bilateral ; unilateral
adj. [数] 多边的；多国的，多国参加的
 - plurilateral, many-sided

Word: hastily
Front: hastily
['heɪstɪlɪ] (9320/6191)
Vocabulary: hastily
(once / 187 pages)
adv
When you do something hastily you rush through it in a hurried manner. If you write an essay hastily, don't expect an A.
Haste is speed, so if you do something hastily, you're just doing it too fast. When a job should take time, like building a house, but it's done hastily, something often goes wrong. If you hastily leave the dinner table without explaining yourself, people will think you're rude.
WORD FAMILY
hasty: hastier, hastiest, hastily, hastiness, hastyly, overhasty+/ haste: hastes, hasty /overhasty: overhastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even Sam Bradford, the protagonist in September as the new, hastily acquired quarterback, became almost an afterthought.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
George W Bush ran his from hastily requisitioned office space in Washington DC.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Production was hastily bumped up at factories in China for both items, said co-chief executives Peter Tiger and Art Hirsch.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 匆忙地，仓促地; 匆猝; 草草; 率尔
分布：匆忙地(60%)，急速地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
匆忙的;仓促的
A hasty movement, action, or statement is sudden, and often done in reaction to something that has just happened.
例：One company is giving its employees airplane tickets in the event they need to make a hasty escape.一家公司正在给自己的员工发机票，万一需要就紧急撤离。
ADJ-GRADED
仓促而就的;匆忙结束的
A hasty event or action is one that is completed more quickly than normal.
例：After the hasty meal, the men had moved forward to take up their positions.匆匆忙忙吃过饭后，大家走出来，各就各位。
ADJ-GRADED
鲁莽的;冲动的;草率的
If you describe a person or their behaviour as hasty, you mean that they are acting too quickly, without thinking carefully, for example because they are angry.
例：So let's not be hasty. After all, he can't run away...所以我们不要鲁莽行事。毕竟他是跑不掉的。
例：A number of the United States' allies had urged him not to take a hasty decision.美国的一些盟友已力劝他不要急于作决定。
adv. 匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地
 - hurriedly, vite

Word: cactus
Front: cactus
[ˈkæktəs] (宝 9315/20358 -1)
Vocabulary: cactus
(once / 2328 pages)
n
A cactus is a succulent desert plant that's often covered in sharp spines. Some cacti grow brilliantly colored flowers, but none of them have leaves.
You can grow an indoor cactus in a pot — it's a fairly easy plant to care for, since it prefers to be watered infrequently. Cacti are able to conserve water, which is why they do well in very dry environments, like the American Southwest. The Greek root of cactus is kaktos, the name of a specific spiky Sicilian plant.
WORD FAMILY
cactus: cacti, cactuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bears battled their way through it, earning a spot in the Cactus Bowl.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I would like something festive but not the typical holiday plant like poinsettia or Christmas cactus.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Louisiana State is playing in the Citrus Bowl and Baylor in the Cactus Bowl.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 仙人掌
分布：仙人掌(100%)
→词源不详。
【记】读：开垦特色－大规模的开垦导致沙漠化，从而出现－仙人掌
['kæk.təs] (plural cacti or cactuses)
noun countable
■any of many types of desert plant usually with sharp spines and thick stems for storing water 仙人掌
n. [园艺] 仙人掌
 - Cholla Stem, cholla

Word: massage
Front: massage
[ˈmæsɑ:ʒ] (7050/9008 -2)
Vocabulary: massage
(once / 2892 pages)
nv
When someone rubs your muscles to help relax them, that's a massage. Feels good, doesn't it? When someone tells you how great you are to gain favor, they massage your ego. Not bad, either.
The word massage has a mysterious background, possibly coming from the Arabic massa, meaning "to touch," finding its way to 19th Century France by way of Napoleon. Would you accept a foot massage from Napoleon? Or, it might have worked its way to France from India, where amassar carries the meaning "knead." The year 1913 saw the first massage parlor, which was really a brothel. Today massage is a recognized form of physical therapy and is, of course, practiced by amateurs too. A little to the left, please.
WORD FAMILY
massage: massaged, massager, massages, massaging+/massager: massagers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The woman told her the massage used energy to heal.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Seattle police are investigating a crash between a fire engine and a ladder truck, which led the ladder truck to plow into a massage business.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In between, we read by the pool, got massages, and shopped.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 按摩，推拿
时态：massaged, massaging, massages
分布：按摩(99%)，用...揉擦(1%)
→来自法语masser,揉，捏，来自mag,揉，捏，词源同make,mass.引申词义按摩。
US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
RUB BODY 按摩身体
■to rub and press someone's body with regular repeated movements, in order to relax them or to reduce stiffness or pain in their joints (= places where two bones are connected) or muscles 按摩，推拿
• Would you massage my shoulders? 你能按摩一下我的肩膀吗？
UK ['mæs.ɑ:dʒ] US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
LIE 说谎
■to try to make facts or numbers appear better than they really are in order to deceive somebody 虚报；窜改；美化
• Television companies have been massaging their viewing figures in order to attract more advertising revenue. 一些电视台虚报收视率以获得更多的广告收益。
UK ['mæs.ɑ:dʒ] US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
massage sb's ego
■to praise someone in order to make them think they are better than they are 奉承，讨好（某人），拍（某人）的马屁
UK ['mæs.ɑ:dʒ] US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] noun countable or uncountable
■the activity of rubbing or pressing parts of someone's body in order to make them relax or to stop their muscles hurting 按摩；推拿
• a back/foot/head massage 背部／足部／头部按摩
• a qualified massage therapist 一名具执照的推拿治疗师
• She gave me a massage. 她为我做了按摩。
vt. [临床] 按摩；揉
 - to knead, rub down
n. [临床] 按摩；揉
 - cheirapsis, rubdown

Word: numb
Front: numb
[nʌm] (高研托雅宝 9317/12639 -1)
Vocabulary: numb
(once / 1121 pages)
adjv
Numb is an adjective that describes a lack of sensation. After skiing all day, your toes might be numb from the cold. You'd feel numb for hours after hearing that your favorite band broke up.
People can feel numb in terms of their feelings and emotions. For example, if you've had your heart broken lots of times, you start to become numb — the breakups don't upset you so much. Numb can also describe being so frightened that you can't move, like being numb with fear when you saw the bear near your campsite. Numb can also means "to make insensitive," like when the dentist numbs your gums so you won't feel any pain.
WORD FAMILY
numb: numbed, numbing, numbingly, numbly, numbness, numbs+/ numbness: numbnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
People are very numb and jaded and turned off.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Here he redirected his analytic mind to his paralyzing grief, mocking the language of recovery, preferring “numb slog” to “healing journey.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I will say that some of the year’s most numbing hits were growers, especially those with island riddims or approximations thereof.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 麻木的，失去感觉的; 无动于衷的，没感情的
vt. 使麻木，使麻痹
时态：numbed, numbing, numbs
分布：麻木的(53%)，使麻木(25%)，失去知觉的(17%)，使失去知觉(5%)
→来自古英语niman,拿，抓，来自nem,分配，分开，词源同number,nimble.比喻用法，失去感觉的，麻痹，中风，引申词义麻木的。
a.麻木的,失去感觉的v.使麻木The cold numbed his feet.寒冷使他的脚冻僵.
【记】numb拼音：牛mb，你一拳就能把对手打麻木，真牛mb。
【反】sensible（adj 有感觉的）
adjective
■If a part of your body is numb, you are unable to feel it, usually for a short time （身体部位）麻木的，失去感觉的
• I had been lying awkwardly and my leg had gone numb. 我躺的姿势一直不舒服，结果腿都麻了。
• My fingers were numb with cold. 我的手指冻僵了。
■not able to feel any emotions or to think clearly, because you are so shocked or frightened, etc （由于过度震惊或恐惧而）麻木的，思维迟钝的
• When she first heard the news, she was numb with disbelief. 她最初听到这条消息的时候，简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。
• Ever since his girlfriend left him he has felt numb. 自从女朋友离开他之后，他就变得麻木了。
[nʌm] verb transitive
■to make something or someone feel numb 使麻木，使失去感觉
• The extreme cold numbed her face and hands. 她的脸和手在严寒中冻得都麻木了。
• The children are still numbed by their father's death. 孩子们仍旧沉浸在父亲去世的打击中，麻木迟钝。
vt. 使麻木；使发愣；使失去感觉
 - torpify, perish
adj. 麻木的；发愣的
 - stupid, asleep

Word: pluralism
Front: pluralism
[ˈplʊərəlɪzəm] (9333/10784 -1)
Vocabulary: pluralism
(once / 9633 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you believe in pluralism, you believe that people of all races, classes, religions, and backgrounds should be able to get along on equal footing in society.
Can you hear the word plural, meaning "more than one," in pluralism? Someone who believes in pluralism believes that there are many different ways to live, and thinks that government and society should be structured in such a way as to encourage and appreciate people's differences. The extreme opposite of pluralism is totalitarianism, when one supreme dictator makes all the decisions and no one can contradict him. In the Catholic Church, pluralism is also the practice of holding more than one office at once.
WORD FAMILY
pluralism: pluralist, pluralistic +/ plural: pluralise, pluralism, plurality, pluralize, plurally, plurals/pluralise: pluralisation, pluralising/pluralist: pluralists/ pluralistic: pluralistically/ plurality: pluralities/pluralize: pluralization, pluralized, pluralizes, pluralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some ways, “One Dance” unassumingly flies directly in the face of Roof’s refusal of pluralism and intersectional identity as the future of planetary humanity.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Most troubling is way that Trump is shaping the White House to undermine American pluralism and advance a vision of ethno-nationalist government.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
“We should not import Middle East extremism. We should export our moderate Islamic philosophy and pluralism.”
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 多元化，多元主义; 多元性（不同种族、不同政治或宗教信仰的多种群体共存）; 兼职
分布：多元论(100%)
→来自plural,多元的，-ism,主义，思想。
US ['plʊr.əl.ɪ-] noun uncountable
■the existence of different types of people, who have different beliefs and opinions, within the same society 多元性；多元化
• After years of state control, the country is now moving towards political/religious/cultural pluralism. 在政府多年控制之后，该国正走向政治／宗教／文化的多元化。
■the belief that the existence of different types of people within the same society is a good thing 多元主义
• They are committed to democracy, human rights and pluralism. 他们信奉民主、人权和多元主义。
n. 多元主义；多元论；兼任
 - additional post

Word: orbit
Front: orbit
[ˈɔ:bɪt] (高研四六托雅 4178/6177 -2)
Vocabulary: orbit
(once / 667 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
To orbit is to follow a circular or elliptical path around a central body. Usually a planet, moon or satellite is described as orbiting, but a child who has too much sugar can sometimes orbit around his parents in an annoying fashion.
Orbit comes from the Latin orbita, “course,” or “track.” The verb orbit is the act of revolving around another object, usually on a circular or elliptical course. Many planets, moons, stars, meteors spacecraft and other objects in outer space orbit around each other. Electrons also orbit around the nucleus of an atom. The noun orbit is the path the object in orbit takes: "The Earth’s orbit around the Sun takes one year to complete."
WORD FAMILY
orbit: orbital, orbited, orbiter, orbiting, orbits+/ orbital: suborbital/orbiter: orbiters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many galaxies of stars form spirals, where relatively few stars in the outer arms orbit around a dense mass of stars at the centre.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Stars at a galaxy’s edge orbit almost as fast as those near its centre.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Glenn was the first American astronaut to orbit Earth and later became a U.S. senator.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 轨道; 势力范围; 眼眶; （人生的）旅程，生活过程
vt. & vi. 在…轨道上运行，环绕轨道运行
vi. 盘旋; 绕轨道运行
vt. 绕轨道而行; 进入轨道
时态：orbited, orbiting, orbits
分布：眼眶(33%)，轨迹(20%)，势力范围(17%)，进入轨道(13%)，盘旋(12%)，绕轨道而行(5%)
→来自拉丁语orbis,圈，环，球体，词源同orb.引申词义轨道。
轨道[orbit=circle,表示"圆圈"]
n.轨道v.(使)沿轨道行On the orbit, the rabbits habitually inherited the merits of the inhabitants.在轨道上,兔子习惯性地继承了居民们的优点.
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■the curved path through which objects in space move around a planet or star （天体围绕行星或恒星运行的）轨道
• The satellite is now in a stable orbit. 卫星目前在稳定的轨道上运行。
• Once in space, the spacecraft will go into orbit around the Earth. 一旦进入太空，太空船将进入环绕地球的轨道。
UK ['ɔ:.bɪt] US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
go into orbit informal
■to increase or succeed very quickly or to be in a state of extreme activity 迅速增长（或成功）；极为…
• Prices have gone into orbit this year. 今年物价大幅攀升。
UK ['ɔ:.bɪt] US ['ɔ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to follow a curved path around a planet or star 绕轨道运行，沿轨道围绕（行星或恒星）运行
• On this mission the Shuttle will orbit (the Earth) at a height of several hundred miles. 此次任务中，这艘太空船将在距地面数百英里的高空绕（地球）轨道运行。
n. [天] [航] 轨道； [昆] 眼眶；势力范围；生活常规
 - path, track, railway, trajectory
vi. 盘旋；绕轨道运行
 - serpentuate, circle round

Word: Hebrew
Front: Hebrew
['hiːbruː] (9342/12785 -1)
Back: n. 希伯来人，犹太人；希伯来语
adj. 希伯来人的；希伯来语的
分布：希伯来语(37%)，希伯来人(35%)，希伯来人的(14%)，希伯来语的(14%)
→来自希腊语Hebraios,来自希伯来语’ibhri,以色列人。
noun
uncountable
■the ancient language of the Jewish people and the official language of modern Israel 希伯来语
countable
■a Jewish person, used especially about the Jews of ancient Israel 希伯来人
n. 希伯来人，犹太人；希伯来语
 - Israel, Jewry

Word: warden
Front: warden
[ˈwɔ:dn] (雅宝 9327/5539 -1)
Vocabulary: warden
(once / 911 pages)
n
The person who works at a jail as the boss of all the prison guards is called the warden.
A warden's job is to manage a prison — so while she may be uniformed and armed like a guard, her actual tasks may look more like a desk job. The noun warden has traditionally been used to talk about someone in an official supervisory position, especially in British English, but the prison guard definition goes back to the early thirteenth century, when it meant "one who guards." The root is the Old English word weard, "a watchman or sentry."
WORD FAMILY
warden: wardens, wardenship+/wardenship: wardenships
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October, a whale was found washed up by wardens at the Holkham National Nature Reserve on the north Norfolk coast.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Meadow and Morrow were found by wardens Monday.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
WARDEN: Why else would there be so much of it?
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 看守人，看门人; [史]州长，县长; 典狱官; <英>校长
分布：看守人(100%)
→来自ward,看管，看护。
看守人(ward守卫,保卫)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
【记】ward（n 病房；牢房），en：监狱长；医院的管理官员
US ['wɔ:r-] noun countable
MANAGER 建筑的管理者
■a person who is in charge of (the people in) a particular building （某栋建筑的）管理员，看守人，监管人
• She's the warden of a home for mentally handicapped people. 她是一所精神病院的院长。
■UK
■the head of a college （学院的）院长
• He's the warden of Wadham College, Oxford. 他是牛津大学沃德姆学院的院长。
■US
■the person in charge of a prison 监狱长，典狱长
• a prison warden 典狱长
UK ['wɔ:.dən] US ['wɔ:r-] noun countable
OFFICIAL 官员
■a person whose job is to make certain that members of the public obey particular rules 管理员；监督人
• a dog warden 看狗人
• a park warden 公园管理员
• a traffic warden 交通监督员
n. 区长；看守人；典狱官；学监
 - keeper, watchman

Word: famously
Front: famously
[ˈfeɪməsli] (9331/19157 -1)
Back: adv. 著名地，出名地
分布：极好地(55%)，著名地(45%)
adverb old-fashioned
■extremely well 好极了
• We got along famously. 我们相处得好极了。
['feɪ.mə.sli] adverb
■in a famous way 著名地
• He's designed dresses for many celebrities, most famously the Queen. 他为许多名人设计过服装，其中最著名的是女王。
adv. 著名地；极好地
 - prime, excellently

Word: pan
Front: pan
[pæn] (高研四六宝 2479/4319 -K3)
Vocabulary: pan
(once / 669 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
A pan can be a cooking utensil, a negative opinion, or a sweeping camera shot. You cook eggs in a pan, but as a film critic you might pan a new docudrama for poor editing and overuse of pan shots.
A pan is a shallow metal object that you use to cook food. It can also be a verb indicating you're expressing a negative view. To pan a performance, book, or movie is to say that you think it stunk. If all the critics pan something, sales usually go down, but not always. To pan a film or video camera is to move it from left to right or right to left in a smooth motion.
WORD FAMILY
pan: paned, panned, panning, pans
USAGE EXAMPLES
An online humor site panned the four options and urged its readers to vote for what it considered the worst, a boring black-and-white option.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Put a griddle pan on to a high heat and leave to warm up.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
This dish is a small miracle in a smaller skillet, an impossibly rich butter-laden cornmeal cake fired in an individual-sized cast-iron pan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 平底锅; 盘状的器皿; 淘盘子，金盘，秤盘
vt. 淘金; 在浅锅中烹调（食物）; [非正式用语]严厉的批评
vi. 淘金; 在淘洗中收获金子
时态：panned, panning, pans
分布：平底锅(67%)，盘子(19%)，严厉批评(8%)，淘盘(4%)，盘状物(2%)
→来自古英语panne,锅，盘，可能来自pete,展开，词源同feather,patella.后引申动词词义淘金，即用锅洗砂子淘金，并用于俚语严厉批评。字母t脱落，比较fain,来自古英语fagen.Pan 潘，潘神
n.平底锅,盘子,面板The fanciful panda fan panics over the span of the pan-like panel.爱幻想的熊猫迷对盆状仪表板的全长感到恐慌.
【记】拼：盘，长得象平底锅－用平底锅打你一下－严厉批评
【反】rave（v 咆哮；吹捧）；eulogize（v 称赞）
noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
 ADVANCED
■a metal container that is round and often has a long handle and a lid, used for cooking things on top of a cooker 平底锅
• Heat the milk in a small pan. 用小平底锅把牛奶煮热。
• This dishwasher even washes pots and pans (= different types of pan). 这个洗碗机还能洗各种锅罐。
 ADVANCED mainly US
■a metal container used for cooking things inside the cooker 烤盘，（炊具里的）盘状器皿
[pæn] noun countable
TOILET 厕所 UK the bowl-shaped part of a toilet 马桶
[pæn] noun countable
go down the pan slang
■to fail or to be lost or destroyed 失败；被浪费；被毁
• We don't want to see our business go down the pan. 我们不想看到自己的生意完蛋。
[pæn] verb (-nn-)
MOVE SLOWLY 缓慢移动
intransitive
■(of a film camera) to move slowly from one side to another or up and down （摄录机）追拍，摇摄
• In the first scene, the camera pans slowly across the room. 在第一个镜头里，摄录机慢慢摇摄拍出房间的全景。
[pæn] verb (-nn-)
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive informal
■to criticize something severely 严厉批评
• The critics panned the film version of the novel. 评论家严厉批评了根据这本小说改编的电影。
[pæn] verb (-nn-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pan out informal
■to develop in a particular way or in a successful way （以某种方式）发展；进展顺利
• We'll have to see how things pan out. 我们要看看事情如何发展。
• Their attempt to start a new business didn't pan out. 他们试图开展新的事业，但没有成功。
n. [轻] 平锅，盘子；摇镜头
 - holloware

Word: racially
Front: racially
['reɪʃəlɪ] (9343/22402)
Back: adv. 按人种地，人种上
分布：种族地(100%)
ADJ
种族的；种族间的；人种的
Racial describes things relating to people's race.
例：...the protection of national and racial minorities.对少数民族和少数人种的保护
例：...the elimination of racial discrimination.消除种族歧视
adv. 人种上；按人种
 - ethnically

Word: willingly
Front: willingly
['wɪlɪŋlɪ] (高 9339/8478 -K)
Back: adv. 愿意地，乐意地
分布：乐意地(67%)，心甘情愿地(33%)
【记】willing（adj 乐意的；心甘情愿的），ly
【反】balk（v 妨碍；不肯前进）－move ahead willingly（自愿前进）
ADJ-GRADED
乐意的;愿意的
If someone is willing to do something, they are fairly happy about doing it and will do it if they are asked or required to do it.
例：The military now say they're willing to hold talks with the political parties...军方现在说，他们愿意与政党进行谈判。
例：There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing to answer.当然，有些问题是她不愿回答的。
ADJ-GRADED
自愿的;愿意的;积极肯干的
Willing is used to describe someone who does something fairly enthusiastically and because they want to do it rather than because they are forced to do it.
例：Have the party on a Saturday, when you can get your partner and other willing adults to help...把聚会安排在周六，这样你就可以找自己的搭档和其他愿意帮把手的成年人来帮忙了。
例：Although he had had no formal engineering training he was a natural and willing pupil.虽然他没有接受过正规工科训练，但却是个天生好学的学生。
adv. 欣然地；愿意地，乐意地
 - readily, lieve

Word: miraculous
Front: miraculous
[mɪˈrækjələs] (托宝 9336/11303 -1)
Vocabulary: miraculous
(once / 628 pages)
adj
A miraculous occurrence can be providential or heaven-sent, or just peculiarly fortunate and appropriate. In any event, as the word suggests, it has the character of a miracle.
The adjective miraculous has origins in the Latin word miraculum, meaning "object of wonder." It's often used to describe religious happenings, such as a direct answer to one's prayer. In a more secular context, a "miraculous comeback" is when a football team that's down by 30 points at halftime ends up winning the Super Bowl.
WORD FAMILY
miraculous: miraculously+/ miracle: miracles, miraculous
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, he added, “the miraculous effects anticipated by some of the new supply side enthusiasts were, alas, without substance.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
It was, she says, "miraculous that I survived".
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
I watched with no small awe as Jason initially experienced a seemingly miraculous recovery.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 奇迹般的; 不可思议的; 神奇
分布：不可思议的(73%)，奇迹的(27%)
→来自miracle,奇迹。
奇迹般的(miracle+ulous)[mir=wonder,look,表示"惊奇,看"]
adjective
■very effective or surprising or difficult to believe 奇迹般的；令人惊奇的；不可思议的
• The diet promised miraculous weight-loss. 有人保证说按照这个食谱进餐就会有非凡的减肥效果。
• Well, you've made a miraculous recovery since last night! 哇，才一个晚上你便奇迹似地康复了！
adj. 不可思议的，奇迹的
 - magic, mysterious, fantastic

Word: socialization
Front: socialization
[ˌsəʊʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] (9323/17130)
Vocabulary: socialization
(once / 21451 pages)
n
The act of adapting behavior to the norms of a culture or society is called socialization. Socialization can also mean going out and meeting people or hanging out with friends.
The word socialization can mean "the process of making social." The socialization of a dog or a cat with humans and with other dogs or cats can establish positive behaviors for pets. It's not a bad idea for people, either. If you constantly chat with your co-workers, your manager might inform you that you are there to work, not for socialization. Maybe he's just jealous because no one talks to him.
WORD FAMILY
socialization: socializations+/sociability: sociabilities/ sociable: sociability, sociableness, sociables, sociably, unsociable/ social: antisocial, nonsocial, sociable, socialise, socialism, sociality, socialize, socially, socials, unsocial/socialise: socialisation, socialised, socialiser, socialising/ socialism: socialisms, socialist, socialistic/ socialist: socialists/socialistic: socialistically/sociality: socialities/ socialize: socialization, socialized, socializer, socializes, socializing/socializer: socializers/unsociable: unsociability, unsociableness, unsociably/unsocial: unsocially
USAGE EXAMPLES
She is a smart, sweet girl, but her utter lack of socialization worries me.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
“My kids are not lacking in the slightest bit of socialization,” Schock said.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Everyone is a product of their socialization and condition; it’s just the way it is.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 社会化，社会主义化; 公有化
分布：适应社会生活(100%)
→socialize,使社会化，-ation,名词后缀。
N-UNCOUNT
(尤指儿童的)社会化，合群
Socialization is the process by which people, especially children, are made to behave in a way which is acceptable in their culture or society.
例：Female socialization emphasizes getting along with others.女性的社会化强调与人相处。
N-UNCOUNT
社会所有化;社会主义化
Socialization is the process by which something is made to operate on socialist principles.

Word: tyranny
Front: tyranny
[ˈtɪrəni] (六宝 9346/11557 -1)
Vocabulary: tyranny
(once / 358 pages)
n
Tyranny is a noun that describes a repressive and arbitrarily cruel regime. Don't accuse your mother of tyranny just because she won't let you play video games all weekend long.
One of the root words of tyranny is the Latin tyrannia which means the "rule of a tyrant" and a tyrant is a "cruel master." Today, it can mean the repressive regime of a dictator or it can also mean being controlled by something metaphorically harsh like time or work. Maybe the oldest example of a tyranny is that of Tyrannosaurus Rex, or "king of the giant lizards," who many of us grew up thinking was the largest, most predatory and frightening of the dinosaurs who supposedly ruled over the rest of the dinosaur world with its huge, sharp teeth and claws.
WORD FAMILY
tyranny: tyrannic, tyrannical, tyrannies+/tyrannic: tyrannically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chamberlin wrote that by “singing for this man” the choir would appear to be “endorsing” tyranny and fascism, and its image would be “severely damaged.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In it, she writes that by performing at the Jan. 20 inaugural, the 360-member choir will appear to be “endorsing tyranny and fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Chamberlin said the choir’s reputation will be “severely damaged” by appearing to endorse a president who represents “tyranny” and “fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 暴虐; 专横; 暴行
分布：暴政(70%)，专制(27%)，苛政(3%)
→来自 tyrant,暴君，-y,表行为。
【记】tyr提尔：挪威的战争神，anny＝annoy：又战争又使你苦恼－暴政
【参】tyrannical（adj 残暴的）；tyrant（n 暴君）
noun uncountable
■government by a ruler or small group of people who have unlimited power over the people in their country or state and use it unfairly and cruelly 暴政，专制统治
• This, the president promised us, was a war against tyranny. 总统向我们承诺，这是一场反对暴政的战争。
■when a situation or person controls how you are able to live, in an unfair way 暴虐，专横
• Women, the play seems to suggest, must resist the tyranny of domesticity. 这部戏似乎表明妇女必须抵制家务的束缚。
n. 暴政；专横；严酷；残暴的行为（需用复数）
 - peremptoriness, misrule

Word: heavenly
Front: heavenly
[ˈhevnli] (托 9350/9989)
Back: adj. 神圣的; 天空的; 天国的; 庄严的
adv. 无比，极其
分布：天上的(88%)，天国似的(12%)
→比喻用法。
adjective
■of heaven 天堂的，神圣的
• heavenly music 圣乐
• heavenly light 天堂之光
■giving great pleasure 无比美好的
• It was a good party and the food was heavenly. 这是个很棒的派对，东西好吃极了。
adj. 天上的；神圣的；天国似的
 - sacred, blessed
adv. 无比；极其
 - extremely, most, rare

Word: pouch
Front: pouch
[paʊtʃ] (9335/10549 -1)
Back: n. 小袋; 烟草袋; 育儿袋
vt. & vi. （使）成为袋状; 把…装入袋中; 吞进
时态：pouched, pouching, pouches
分布：小袋(67%)，小包(17%)，囊状袋(4%)，用袋运输(4%)，用袋送信件(4%)，装 ... 入袋中(4%)
→来自古法语poche,钱包，口袋，词源同pocket,poach.
noun countable
BAG 袋
■a bag or soft container for a small object or a small amount of something 小袋；一小袋东西
• All our electric shavers are supplied with a free travel pouch. 我们的电动刮胡刀都免费附赠一个旅行套。
• Food sealed in foil pouches lasts for a long time. 密封在铝箔纸袋中的食物可以放很长时间。
[paʊtʃ] noun countable
ANIMALS 动物
■a pocket on the lower part of the body of some female animals in which their young are carried and protected after they are born （某些雌性动物的）育儿袋
• Kangaroos carry their young in pouches. 袋鼠将它们的幼鼠放在育儿袋中。
■a bag formed from skin in the mouths of some animals, used for carrying and storing food （某些动物贮存食物的）喉囊，颊袋
n. 小袋；育儿袋；烟草袋
 - breast pocket, sachet
vt. 使成袋状；把…装入袋中
 - bag

Word: gravitational
Front: gravitational
[ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənl] (托宝 9340/8363)
Back: adj. 万有引力的，重力的; 地心吸力的
分布：重力的(86%)，引力作用的(14%)
【记】gravitation（n 地心吸力；引力作用）；gravitate（v 受重力作用）
ADJ
与引力有关的；引力所致的
Gravitational means relating to or resulting from the force of gravity.
例：If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the earth's gravitational pull.如果飞行速度超过每秒11公里，宇宙飞船将摆脱地球的引力。

Word: cupboard
Front: cupboard
[ˈkʌbəd] (高研四六托雅 9358/3692 -K2)
Vocabulary: cupboard
(once / 875 pages)
n
A cupboard is a piece of furniture that's used for storing things. Your kitchen cupboard might actually be full of cups, while the cupboard in your bedroom might hold sweaters and socks.
Some cupboards are built into a wall, like a closet, while others are freestanding cabinets. A cupboard usually has doors that open and shelves inside, for storage. The very earliest cupboards, in the 14th century, were exactly what the word describes: a board or table used for putting cups or dishes on. Over the following two hundred years, cupboard came to mean an enclosed cabinet for the same purpose.
WORD FAMILY
cupboard: cupboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
She fell against the kitchen cupboard and then to the floor, where she curled up, sobbing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But this year, they found themselves scrambling for doctors' numbers, sending guests home hungry and rummaging through cupboards for backup plans.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The sort of homes with sofas as hard as boards and cupboards you can’t open because door handles are verboten.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 橱柜; 衣柜; 食物柜; 壁橱
分布：碗橱(70%)，衣柜(30%)
n.碗柜,小橱The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.
US [-ɚd] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a piece of furniture or a small part of a room with a door or doors behind which there is space for storing things, usually on shelves 橱柜；壁橱；壁柜
• a kitchen cupboard 厨房碗柜
• a built-in cupboard 内置壁橱
• Is there plenty of cupboard space (= Are there many cupboards) in your new house? 你的新居有很多壁柜吗？
UK ['kʌb.əd] US [-ɚd] noun countable
the cupboard is bare
■used to say that there is no food in a house or that there is no money, etc. available 橱柜空空；家里一点吃的都没有了；没钱（做某事）
• I'd like to help you out with your expenses, Paul, but I'm afraid the cupboard is bare. 保罗，我倒是想帮助你分担费用，不过恐怕我也是两手空空。
n. [家具] 碗柜；食橱
 - dresser, spense

Word: unnoticed
Front: unnoticed
[ˌʌnˈnəʊtɪst] (宝 9341/9639 -1)
Back: adj. 未被觉察到的，未被注意到的; 不受人注意的，被忽视的; 没人理睬的
分布：被忽视的(75%)，不被注意的(25%)
【记】un不，notice（v 注意），d：不引人注意的
【反】sensation（n 耸人听闻的事件）－unnoticed event（未被关注的事）
US [-'noʊ.ɪst] adjective adverb
■without being seen or noticed 未被看见的；未被注意到的
• We managed to slip away unnoticed. 我们设法神不知鬼不觉地溜走了。
• His rude comments are not likely to go unnoticed. 他那些无礼的言论不会没有人注意到。
adj. 被忽视的；不引人注意的；未被注意的
 - ignored, neglected

Word: crackdown
Front: crackdown
[ˈkrækdaʊn] (9337/13276 -2)
Back: n. 压迫，镇压; 打击，制裁; 强制取缔
分布：镇压(89%)，制裁(10%)，痛击(1%)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■when someone starts to deal with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way 制裁；处罚；打击；镇压
• There has been a series of government crackdowns on safety in factories. 针对工厂安全问题，政府有一系列的处罚措施。
n. 镇压；（美）制裁；强制取缔；惩罚
 - punishment, rod, payment, discipline, suppression

Word: Saudi
Front: Saudi
['sɔ:di; sɑ:'u:di; 'saudi] (5753/6784)
Back: n. 沙乌地阿拉伯人
adj. 沙乌地阿拉伯（人或语）的
分布：沙特阿拉伯(52%)，沙特阿拉伯的(18%)，沙特阿拉伯人(18%)，沙特阿拉伯人的(12%)
noun countable adjective
■Saudi 沙乌地阿拉伯人／沙乌地阿拉伯的

Word: breadth
Front: breadth
[bredθ] (研四六宝 9348/7583 -1)
Vocabulary: breadth
(once / 454 pages)
n
If you measure the distance of an object from side to side, you are measuring the object’s breadth: “Theodore measured the breadth of the table before buying it to make sure it would fit in his small kitchen.”
Breadth often refers to a physical measurement, but it can also be used to describe comprehensiveness or largeness of any kind, such as breadth of knowledge or breadth of experience. In the famous sentence describing Macedonian king Alexander the Great, the word breadth is used to indicate the vastness of Alexander’s empire: “When Alexander saw the breadth of his domain he wept, for there were no more worlds to conquer.”
WORD FAMILY
breadth: breadths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such plays, whose breadth and variety in football are well established, are good for a great many things.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Tom brings enormous depth and breadth of knowledge and experience to protecting the homeland to our senior White House team,” Trump said in a statement.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Trump called him “an invaluable asset” and praised the breadth of experience he would bring to the new administration.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 宽度; 宽容; （知识、兴趣等的）广泛
分布：宽度(100%)
→形容词broad的名词形式。
n.宽度,幅The news about the broadened breadth is broadcast abroad.宽度加宽的消息被广播到国外.
/bretθ] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■the distance from one side to another 宽度，幅度
• The length of this box is twice its breadth. 这个箱子的长度是其宽度的两倍。
only singular
■when something includes many different things, features, subjects or qualities 广泛性，广度
• The breadth of her knowledge is amazing. 她知识渊博，令人惊讶。
• He showed an astonishing breadth of learning for one so young. 他年纪轻轻就显示出知识的渊博，很令人吃惊。
n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏
 - width, range

Word: amazement
Front: amazement
[əˈmeɪzmənt] (托 9329/8674)
Vocabulary: amazement
(once / 360 pages)
n
Amazement is what you feel when you're shocked or astonished by something. When you feel amazement, you can't quite believe what you're seeing or hearing.
To amaze someone is to shock, surprise, and astonish them. Amazement is the emotion produced by truly unusual and surprising things. A juggler throwing around fire can produce amazement. A child reciting thousands of digits of Pi will create amazement. Parents feel amazement at the birth of their children. This is a strong feeling resulting from incredible events. No one feels amazement about average, boring stuff.
WORD FAMILY
amazement: amazements+/ amaze: amazed, amazement, amazes, amazing / amazed: amazedly/ amazing: amazingest, amazingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
With an air of amazement he told this story.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
And though the contractual negotiations are proving tricky, to some amazement nearly all Helsinki’s transport operators—even taxi-drivers—seem willing to give it a go.
Economist(Sep 29, 2016)
“After the road trip, I just watched in amazement as the odds climbed and climbed,” Barnes said.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 惊奇，惊愕，诧异; [废语] 迷惑，困惑
分布：惊异(53%)，惊愕(47%)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■extreme surprise 惊奇，惊诧，吃惊
• She stared in amazement. 她惊奇地盯着看。
• To my amazement, he ate the whole lot. 令我吃惊的是，他把所有的东西都吃光了。
n. 惊异；惊愕
 - wonder, surprisal

Word: extinct
Front: extinct
[ɪkˈstɪŋkt] (研四六托雅宝 9357/9995 -1)
Vocabulary: extinct
(once / 816 pages)
adj
Something that no longer exists and has no living representative is extinct. Dinosaurs are extinct. Polar bears may become extinct. Sadly, history teachers who force their students to memorize long lists of dates are in no danger of becoming extinct.
You often hear of a species being extinct: there are no living representatives of the species left. But extinct also describes something that has gone out or grown cold, as in a dormant volcano "extinct volcano" or a tobacco pipe whose flame has died out "extinct pipe." That’s because extinct comes from the Latin extinguere/exstinguere for "extinguish." Originally extinct referred to fires that died out (were extinguished). Its meaning grew to encompass a family line and then a species.
WORD FAMILY
extinct: extincter
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nine different species from extinct lizards to trapdoor spiders got their names from the 44th U.S. president, which is more than any of his predecessors.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Urgent action is needed to stop the cheetah - the world's fastest land animal - becoming extinct, scientists say.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Most move on, but Kevin Esvelt became transfixed at a young age by the idea that these extinct creatures were somehow related to us.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 灭绝的; 绝种的; 消逝的; 破灭的
分布：灭绝的(94%)，熄灭的(5%)，消亡的(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-stinct, 刺，词源同instinct, stick. 即拔刺，拔出，比喻义连根拔起，灭绝。
灭绝的(ex+stinct,来自extinguish,熄灭→灭绝的)[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
a.灭绝的;熄灭了的The extinct exotic bird's feather contains zinc.那种已绝迹的珍奇的鸟的羽毛中含锌.
【记】tin熄灭；参：extinguish（vt 熄灭；消灭；偿清）
【参】distinction（n 区别；级别；声望；显赫）；instinct（n 本能；天性）
【反】extant（adj 现存的）；resuscitated（adj 复兴的；复苏的）
adjective
■not now existing 灭绝的；绝种的；消失的
• There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct. 有人担心大熊猫很快就会绝种。
• Many tribes became extinct when they came into contact with Western illnesses. 很多部落由于感染西方人的疾病而受到灭顶之灾。
• A lot of trades have become extinct because of the development of technology. 由于科技的发展很多行业都消失了。
■An extinct volcano is one that is not now active (= will not explode again). （火山）死的，不活跃的
vt. 使熄灭
 - out

Word: gangster
Front: gangster
[ˈgæŋstə(r)] (六托 9353/14479 -1)
Vocabulary: gangster
(once / 3730 pages)
n
A gangster is a member of a criminal gang. Gangsters are sometimes called mobsters.
A gang is a criminal organization, and a member of such a group is a gangster. Gangsters work together to commit robberies and break the law in other ways. Many famous movies, such as The Godfather, are about gangsters. This word often refers specifically to members of criminal gangs of the 1920s and 30s, when organized crime frequently involved the smuggling of alcohol.
WORD FAMILY
gangster: gangsters+/ gang: gangdom, ganged, ganger, ganging, gangs, gangster /ganger: gangers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first part of this word will look to many English speakers without any Korean like the first syllable of the word “gangster.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The students were abducted and presumably killed by drug gangsters in collusion with police officers.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That’s more or less what Mr. Affleck is hawking in “Live by Night,” a gangster movie set in the 1920s.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 匪徒，歹徒; 流氓; 恶棍
分布：歹徒(70%)，匪徒(30%)
匪徒(gang帮派)[-ster表名词"…人"]
US [-stɚ] noun countable
■a member of an organized group of violent criminals 歹徒；犯罪集团成员
burglar, gangster, thief, bandit, robber, pirate
这组词都有“资贼、强盗”的意思，其区别是：
burglar: 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster: 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief: 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit: 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber: 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。
pirate: 指海盗。
n. 歹徒，流氓；恶棍
 - tough, plug-ugly

Word: vividly
Front: vividly
['vɪvɪdlɪ] (六 9349/8508)
Back: adv. 生动地; 逼真地; 鲜明地; 活泼地
分布：生动地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
（记忆、描述等）生动的,逼真的,清晰的
If you describe memories and descriptions as vivid, you mean that they are very clear and detailed.
例：People of my generation who lived through World War II have vivid memories of confusion and incompetence...我们这一代经历过二战的人都真切地记得当时的迷惘和无助。
例：On Wednesday night I had a very vivid dream which really upset me.周三晚上，我做了个十分逼真的梦，让我很不安。
ADJ-GRADED
（色彩）明亮的,鲜艳的
Something that is vivid is very bright in colour.
例：...a vivid blue sky.蔚蓝的天空
adv. 生动地；强烈地
 - graphically, intensely

Word: orphanage
Front: orphanage
[ˈɔ:fənɪdʒ] (9355/15487 -1)
Vocabulary: orphanage
(once / 4958 pages)
n
An orphanage is a place where children without parents are cared for and housed.
If a child has no parents — because the parents died or lost custody — the child is considered an orphan. Orphans are parentless. An orphanage is an institution that takes care of orphans. An orphanage will care for tiny babies and also older children without parents. Orphanages care for children until they can be placed in homes and adopted.
WORD FAMILY
orphanage: orphanages+/ orphan: orphanage, orphaned, orphanhood, orphaning, orphans
USAGE EXAMPLES
A charming, understated work directed by Claude Barras and set in an orphanage, it’s slated for U.S. release in late February.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He plays Saroo, who gets separated from his family and lost on the streets of Kolkata, placed in an orphanage and adopted by Australians.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The kits also include cards said to be based on drawings by children from an orphanage.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 孤儿院; 孤儿身份
分布：孤儿院(97%)，孤儿的身份(3%)
→来自orphan,孤儿，-age,集合名词后缀。引申词义孤儿院。
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable
■a home for children whose parents are dead or unable to care for them 孤儿院

Word: muted
Front: muted
[ˈmju:tɪd] (研宝 9361/9922)
Vocabulary: muted
(once / 4790 pages)
adj
Something muted has a softened tone or quieted sound. When you try to listen through the wall at what someone is saying, it's really muted and mumbly, even if you put a glass to your ear.
When you mute the TV or computer speakers, all of the sound goes quiet, but something described as muted is just toned down or turned down. When you whisper you speak in a muted voice; it's not completely quiet or no one would hear you, but it's quiet enough to muffle the sounds or secrets you share. Muted colors don’t stand out as much as bright ones. Beiges and soft grays are muted, and they're great for showing off bright contrasts like a turquoise scarf or red tie.
WORD FAMILY
muted: mutedly+/ immutable: immutability, immutableness, immutably/ mutability: mutabilities/ mutable: immutable, mutability, mutableness, mutably/ mute: mutable, muted, mutely, muteness, muter, mutes, mutest, muting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opposition leaders were muted in their reaction to the announcement of a criminal investigation.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Beijing continued to ignore muted international calls for their release.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
A loyal clientele frequents this tiny boutique for jewelry in muted colors and Nordic home accessories like mugs, blankets and plates.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音）减弱的，变得轻柔的； （尤指感情的表达）缓和的，温和的
分布：沉默的(31%)，哑的(19%)，弱音器(15%)，无声的(14%)，减弱(6%)，减音(5%)，默音字母(5%)，哑子(5%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
NOT LOUD 不响亮的
■not loud （声音）不响亮的，轻轻的
• There was polite, muted applause when I finished speaking. 我结束发言时，响起了礼貌而又温和的掌声。
UK ['mju:.tɪd] US [-tˌɪd] adjective
NOT ENTHUSIASTIC 缺乏热情的
■showing little enthusiasm 缺乏热情的，淡漠的
• The idea received a muted response. 这个想法反应平平。
UK ['mju:.tɪd] US [-tˌɪd] adjective
NOT BRIGHT 不耀眼的
■describes a colour which is not bright （颜色）柔和的，不耀眼的
• She was dressed in muted shades of blue. 她身穿色调柔和的蓝色衣服。
adj. 柔和的；无言的；趋缓的
 - female, delicate

Word: twenty-one
Front: twenty-one
['twentɪˌwʌn] None
Back: n. 二十一，二十一个所成之一组
分布：二十一(100%)

Word: cloning
Front: cloning
['klɒnɪŋ] (9372/27644)
Back: n. 无性（繁殖）系化，纯系化
v. （使某物）无性繁殖( clone的现在分词 )
分布：克隆(98%)，无性繁殖(1%)，动词clone的现在分词.(1%)
N-COUNT
极为相似的人(或事物)
If someone or something is a clone of another person or thing, they are so similar to this person or thing that they seem to be exactly the same as them.
例：Tom was in some ways a younger clone of his handsome father...汤姆某些地方长得和他那帅气的父亲一模一样，只是年轻一些。
例：Designers are mistaken if they believe we all want to be supermodel clones.要是设计师认为所有人都想和超模一样，那他们就错了。
N-COUNT
克隆动物(或植物);无性繁殖动物(或植物)
A clone is an animal or plant that has been produced artificially, for example in a laboratory, from the cells of another animal or plant. A clone is exactly the same as the original animal or plant.
VERB
克隆;以无性繁殖技术复制
To clone an animal or plant means to produce it as a clone.
例：The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.克隆已经灭绝的生物的想法仍旧只限于科幻小说中。
n. [遗] 克隆
 - klon

Word: sterile
Front: sterile
[ˈsteraɪl] (托宝 9354/9882 -1)
Vocabulary: sterile
(once / 803 pages)
adj
A sterile person can't have kids, and a sterile environment is bland and boring. In both cases, sterile means lifeless.
When you hear about a sterile person, it means they can't have kids: sterile women can't get pregnant, and sterile men can't be fathers. But the concept of sterility applies to things, too. An empty, white room with nothing in it is sterile. And a surgeon's instruments better be sterile — meaning they're free from germs and bacteria.
WORD FAMILY
sterile: sterileness, sterilise, sterility, sterilize +/sterilise: sterilisation, sterilised, steriliser, sterilises, sterilising/sterilised: unsterilised/steriliser: sterilisers/sterility: sterilities/sterilization: sterilizations/ sterilize: sterilization, sterilized, sterilizer, sterilizes, sterilizing/sterilized: unsterilized/sterilizer: sterilizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Targeting Islamic militant groups in Egypt’s northern Sinai Desert, it also destroyed hundreds of homes in the volatile border area to create a “sterile zone.”
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The section produces it as a sterile product to extend its shelf life, she said.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Perhaps the most unique project was installing a positive air pressure system typically found only in sterile hospitals.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不毛的，贫瘠的; 不生育的; 无菌的; 无效果的
分布：无菌的(57%)，贫瘠的(27%)，无结果的(8%)，无生气的(6%)，无生育能力的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 sterilis,土地贫瘠的，无收获的，无产出的，来自 ster,固定的，坚固的，僵 硬的，词源同 stern,stark.后用于比喻义指无生育的，以及杀过菌的，消过毒的。
【反】verdant（adj 翠绿的）
US [-əl] adjective
UNABLE TO PRODUCE 不能生育的
■(of a living being) unable to produce young, or (of land) unable to produce plants or crops （生物）不育的；（土地）贫瘠的，不长作物的
• Mules are usually sterile. 骡子通常无法生育。
• One of the side effects of the drug could be to make men sterile. 这种药物的副作用之一是可能会导致男性不孕。
■having no imagination or new ideas or energy 缺乏想像力的；了无新意的；无生气的
• a sterile argument 毫无新意的论点
UK ['ster.aɪl] US [-əl] adjective
CLEAN 干净的
■completely clean and free from dirt and bacteria 消过毒的，无菌的
• The operation must be carried out under sterile conditions. 手术必须在无菌条件下进行。
adj. 不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；枯燥乏味的
 - hungry, desert

Word: networking
Front: networking
[ˈnetwɜ:kɪŋ] (9360/10819 -1)
Back: n. 网络化; [计]网络系统; 人际网
分布：联网(84%)，人际网(16%)
→比喻用法。
N-UNCOUNT
建立工作关系网
Networking is the process of trying to meet new people who might be useful to you in your job, often through social activities.
例：If executives fail to exploit the opportunities of networking they risk being left behind.如果高管们未能抓住机会建立关系网，他们就有落后的风险。
N-UNCOUNT
(计算机系统的)联网，网络化
You can refer to the things associated with a computer system or the process of establishing such a system as networking .
例：Managers have learned to grapple with networking, artificial intelligence, computer-aided engineering and manufacturing.经理们已经学会了如何应对联网、人工智能、计算机辅助工程和制造。
例：...computer and networking equipment.计算机和网络设备
v. 交流（network的ing形式）；联络
 - communicating, exchanging

Word: gorilla
Front: gorilla
[gəˈrɪlə] (六托宝 9367/14619 -1)
Vocabulary: gorilla
(once / 3118 pages)
n
A gorilla is the world's largest primate — the kind of great, powerful ape you might see on an African safari.
The stocky, large-headed gorilla is one of the most impressive animals you'll come across in the primate area of a zoo. Gorillas are vegetarians whose native habitat is the forest of central west Africa. The word gorilla is sometimes also used to refer to a big, aggressive man. It was first coined in the 19th century by a United States missionary to Africa, from the Greek word gorillai — the word Carthaginian explorer Hanno used to mean "wild, hairy people" in 500 B.C.E.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gorilla / guerrilla
You might see a gorilla in a zoo, but a guerrilla (sometimes spelled with one "r"), is someone who belongs to a group of independent fighters. If you remember your high school Spanish, you'll know the difference.
A gorilla is a type of large African ape. Sure they fight, but that's not why they're called gorillas. When they show up in the news, they're usually just monkeying around:
This short clip of a Silverback gorilla in Kent walking upright on his hind legs, like a human, has become an internet sensation. (BBC)
Anaklet says we're going to surprise some gorillas eating breakfast. (Time)
A guerrilla, on the other hand, is a fighter who's a part of a rebellious group that's battling a government or other authority, and likes to raid and ambush. The word has picked up a casual meaning of describing anything that's meant to take you by surprise. Here are some examples:
Al-Shabab had spoken of a switch to guerilla warfare, which could mean more suicide bombings as well as grenade attacks and land mines, he says. (BBC)
Guerrilla Marketing is a phrase coined by Jay Conrad Levinson as a take-no-prisoners way of marketing. (Guerrilla Marketing)
So how will knowing your high school Spanish help you keep them straight? Guerrilla comes from the Spanish word for a war made up of skirmishes. That guerilla is related to guerra for (you guessed it), war. If you remember that guerra is war and guerrilla is little war, you'll remember that in English, independent fighters are guerrillas, no matter how hairy they are.
WORD FAMILY
gorilla: gorillas
USAGE EXAMPLES
His was the face which launched a thousand memes - so why did Harambe the gorilla capture 2016's collective online psyche?
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Which, there’s no denying it, sounds like “gorilla”.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Over half a million people signed an online petition titled “Justice for Harambe,” the gorilla killed by the Cincinnati Zoo in May.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 大猩猩; <口>暴徒，打手
分布：大猩猩(100%)
→来自非洲土著语。
【记】源于希腊语Gorillai 多毛女人的部落看成go ill啦：总是和大猩猩在一起就会go ill（AIDS）gor污物－大猩猩很脏，身上还有病ill
noun countable
■a large ape that comes from western Africa 大猩猩

Word: refinery
Front: refinery
[rɪˈfaɪnəri] (六宝 9383/12519 -1)
Vocabulary: refinery
(once / 2655 pages)
n
A refinery is a facility where raw materials are converted into some valuable substance by having impurities removed. At an oil refinery, crude oil is treated and made into gasoline and other petroleum products.
Whenever a material needs to have unwanted parts removed in order to be made into a useable product, it must be refined — clarified or processed. This is done at a plant called a refinery. A sugar refinery, for example, converts sugar cane or beets into familiar white, refined crystals of sugar. Refinery comes from refine, which is rooted in the now-obsolete verb fine, "make fine."
WORD FAMILY
refinery: refineries+/overrefine: overrefined, overrefinement/ refine: overrefine, refined, refinement, refiner, refinery, refines, refining / refined: refinedest, refinedly, unrefined/ refinement: refinements/refiner: refiners/ refining: refinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tracks are owned by the railroad and serve the Wood River Refinery.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
U.S. crude stocks rose last week as refineries cut output, while gasoline stocks decreased and distillate inventories fell, the Energy Information Administration said on Thursday.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Without undertaking the work they need, refineries run the risk of more unscheduled outages at plants.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 精炼厂; 精炼设备; 提炼厂; 冶炼厂
分布：精练厂(100%)
US [-nɚ-] noun countable
■a factory where raw substances such as oil or sugar are made pure 精制厂；提炼厂；精炼厂
• There were two huge oil refineries on the coast. 海岸边曾有两个大型炼油厂。
n. [化工] [油气] [冶] 精炼厂；提炼厂；冶炼厂
 - smeltery, metallurgical plant

Word: Cherokee

Word: impetus
Front: impetus
[ˈɪmpɪtəs] (研六托雅宝 9359/6984 -1)
Vocabulary: impetus
(once / 1779 pages)
n
An impetus is the force behind something, whether it's a boulder rolling down a hill or a person making a decision.
Very little would get done if there were no such thing as an impetus: an impetus is some kind of force that gets something or somebody moving. If you push a car that's out of gas, you're the impetus that's getting it moving. An impetus doesn't have to be physical. Advertisers hope their commercials will be an impetus to buy the product.
WORD FAMILY
impetus: impetuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We provided the impetus for the associations to get organised.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
As well as shaking up the art establishment, the victory brought the winning area impetus, pride, attention - and tension.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Non-OPEC output has fallen this year, adding impetus to the cartel’s efforts.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 动力; 促进; 势头; 声势
分布：推动力(77%)，刺激(23%)
→im-,进入，使，-pet,追逐，冲击，词源同compete,appetite.引申词义推动，促进，刺激等。
动力,冲动(im内+pet+us→内在的追求→冲动)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
n.推动(力),促进The competent petitioner thinks the perpetual impetus is petty.有能力的请愿者认为永久的动力是细小的.
【记】im进入，pet追求，us我们－进入追求我们的状态，因为受了刺激，因为看到我们都去了哈佛－推动力
【参】competitor（n 竞争者）
US [-pə.tˌəs] noun [S or U]
■something which encourages a particular activity or makes that activity more energetic or effective 推动，促进，刺激
• The recent publicity surrounding homelessness has given (a) fresh impetus to the cause. 最近围绕无家可归者的宣传对这项事业是一股新的推动力。
n. 动力；促进；冲力
 - momentum, promotion, acceleration

Word: lad
Front: lad
[læd] (研 9364/2455 -3)
Vocabulary: lad
(once / 92 pages)
n
Lad is another word for a boy or a young man. A man who's been hit with a water balloon might turn around to a group of giggling boys and ask, "All right, which of you lads did that?"
You can use the casual lad instead of guy, fellow, or chap. This word is much more common in Britain than in the U.S., although everyone understands what it means. Someone in London might talk about going out on the town with "the lads," while in Boston people are more likely to say they're meeting "the guys." Lad, originally spelled ladde, first meant "foot soldier," or "young servant."
WORD FAMILY
lad: lads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s what people say about Balkisun: He was a good lad.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
"I saw the police wrapping up a young lad in tin foil," he said.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Be a good lad, Ross, and fetch them will you?
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 少年，小伙子; 〈口〉伙伴，老朋友; 〈英〉管赛马房的马夫; 〈俚〉情人
分布：小伙子(76%)，少年(24%)
→来自古英语ladde,步兵，年青的男仆，可能来自lead的过去分词，即被引导者，被带领的人，后用来指年轻的小伙。
n.男孩,小伙子The lady is glad to give the salad to the sad lad on the ladder.女士乐意把色拉送给梯子上的那位悲哀的小伙子.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a boy or young man 男孩；少年；小伙子
• A group of young lads were standing outside the shop. 一群小青年站在商店外面。
• He's a nice lad. 他是个很不错的小伙子。
• The Prime Minister's a local lad (= he was born and lived in this area). 首相是当地人。
• old-fashioned or Northern lads and lasses (= boys and girls) 小伙子们、姑娘们
• [as form of address] Come on, lads, let's get this job finished, shall we! 来吧，小伙子们，我们把这个工作做完！
[læd] noun countable
a bit of a lad UK informal
■a young man who has sex with a lot of different women 放荡不羁的小伙子，浪荡公子
[læd] noun countable
the lads UK informal
■used to refer to the group of men that a young man spends time with socially, especially those who he drinks alcohol with or plays sport with （男性）同伴，伙伴；哥们
• I'm having a night out with the lads. 我要和几个哥们在外面玩个通宵。
n. 少年，小伙子；家伙
 - apple, customer, egg, guy, bird

Word: scurry
Front: scurry
[ˈskʌri] (托宝 9351/12344 -1)
Vocabulary: scurry
(once / 1773 pages)
vn
Scurry means to move quickly, at a frenzied pace, and often also implies the urge to hide. When you come upon a mouse in your house, chances are it will scurry away.
Think of scurry this way — anytime you describe someone as scurrying, you're comparing them to a mouse. When you say troops scurried back behind their defensive lines, you're insulting them. When you say children scurry around searching for eggs during an Easter egg hunt, you think they're cute.
WORD FAMILY
scurry: scurried, scurries, scurrying
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was just in time to watch the would-be thief scurry away to a waiting car — after all, shotgun blasts do tend to scare people.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
One shout from the Plus will send them scurrying for the hills, holding their ears with their adorable hands.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
REVENANT: Leonardo DiCaprio played one in a movie of the same name, sending people scurrying to the dictionary.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vi. 急匆匆地走; 使急赶; 催促
n. 快步急跑，疾走; 仓皇奔跑声; 骤雨，骤雪; 短距离赛马
时态：scurried, scurrying, scurries
分布：急赶(44%)，疾走(36%)，快跑声(10%)，小步疾走(10%)
→来自 hurry 的韵律重复构词。
【记】见到scurvy的人就scurry
US ['skɝ:-] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move quickly, with small short steps 碎步快跑
• The mouse scurried across the floor. 老鼠从地板上咻地溜过。
• The noise of the explosion sent the villagers scurrying back into their homes. 听到爆炸声村民们立刻往家里奔去。
vi. 急赶；急跑
 - scutter

Word: futile
Front: futile
[ˈfju:taɪl] (研托宝 9374/9535 -1)
Vocabulary: futile
(once / 586 pages)
adj
When something fails to deliver a useful result, you can call it futile. Hopefully all the time you're spending studying vocabulary won't turn out to be futile!
Futile comes from the Latin futilis, which originally meant "leaky." Although we use futile to talk about more than buckets, the image of a leaky vessel is a good illustration of the adjective. Pouring water into a leaky bucket is futile. Your exercise program will be futile if you don't stop chowing down on chocolate. Futile is fancier than its synonym useless. Other synonyms are fruitless or vain. The i can be either short (FYOO-t'l) or long (FYOO-tile).
WORD FAMILY
futile: futilely, futility +/ futility: futilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boycotts are not just futile griping; they often work.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
No, something more personal and equally futile must be afoot.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The plea was futile, and IS detonated the buildings and tombs.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无效的，无用的; 没有出息的; 琐碎的，无关紧要的; 一场空
分布：无用的(57%)，无效的(43%)
→来自拉丁语fundere, 倾注，倾泻，词源同foundry, alchemy, confused. 引申词义流走的，徒劳的。
a.无效的,无用的,无希望的I made a few futile attempts before I gave up.我在放弃之前做了很多无用的尝试.
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■(of actions) having no effect or achieving nothing; unsuccessful （行动）无作用的；无效的；不成功的
• Attempts to get supplies to the region are futile because troops will not allow the aid convoy to enter the city. 往该地区运送物资的努力失败了，因为军方不允许救援物资护送队进城。
• It 's quite futile trying to reason with him - he just won't listen. 跟他讲道理一点用都没有——他就是不听。
• All my attempts to cheer her up proved futile. 我想让她快活起来，但所有的努力都白费了。
adj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细的；不重要的
 - useless, small, unnecessary

Word: caring
Front: caring
[ˈkeərɪŋ] (9373/6938 -3)
Vocabulary: caring
(once / 895 pages)
adjn
Commonly referred to as that "warm fuzzy feeling," caring is the kindness or love you have towards another individual. You can also use caring (as an adjective) to describe a person who acts in this warm and fuzzy way.
There's a reason for the saying "caring is sharing." You and your best buddy might exhibit caring, or affection, by sharing secrets, hugs, and the contents of your lunch boxes. Caring can also be an adjective. Caring nurses, parents, and teachers are great "caregivers" because they dole out warm fuzziness all day long. Well, at least sometimes.
WORD FAMILY
caring: caringly, carings, uncaring+/ care: cared, careful, careless, cares, caring / careful: carefuler, carefulest, carefully, carefulness, overcareful/carefulness: carefulnesses/ careless: carelesser, carelessest, carelessly, carelessness/carelessness: carelessnesses/overcareful: overcarefully/uncaring: uncaringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Christopher devoted much of his life offscreen to caring for his autistic son, Ned, and to championing for the developmentally disabled and their families.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It speaks volumes of the people that are so caring in Denver,” Williams said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It speaks volumes of the people that are so caring in Denver,” the mom said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 关心的; 有同情心的
vt. 关心(care的现在分词)
分布：关怀的(100%)
US ['ker.ɪŋ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who is kind and gives emotional support to others 关爱的，有爱心的，关心他人的
• I've always thought of Jo as a very caring person. 我一直认为乔是个很有爱心的人。
adj. 有同情心的；表示或感到关怀或关心的
 - feeling
v. 关心；照顾（care的现在分词）
 - tending

Word: residency
Front: residency
[ˈrezɪdənsi] (9370/24216 -1)
Back: n. 住所; （实习医师的）高级专科住院实习期
分布：居住(79%)，住所(12%)，管辖区(9%)
['rez.ɪ.dənt.si] formal
noun uncountable
■the fact of living in a place 居住；定居
• There is a residency requirement for obtaining citizenship. 要成为这里的公民需要满足一定的居住时间要求。
n. 住处；住院医生实习期
 - accommodation, dwelling place

Word: self-determination
Front: self-determination
[ˌselfdɪˌtɜ:məˈneɪʃən] (-1)
Back: n. 自己决定; 民族自决; [哲]（强调意志自由的）自我决定
分布：自主(45%)，民族自决(32%)，自我决定(23%)
US [-ˌtɝ:-] noun uncountable
■the ability or power to make decisions for yourself, especially the power of a nation to decide how it will be governed （尤指国家治理方式的）自决，自主

Word: weather
Front: weather
[ˈweðə(r)] (中高托雅宝 1614/1610 -K4)
Vocabulary: weather
(once / 81 pages)
1nv 2v 3adjv 4v
Weather is the atmospheric conditions, including the temperature, wind, snow, rain, or anything else happening outside. People tend to talk about the weather when they can't think of anything else to talk about.
In some places, people say, "Don't like the weather? Wait an hour and it'll change." Every day, experts try to predict the weather, but they never get it exactly right. You can also use weather to mean "endure something," as in "I weathered the storm at work." That's not a real storm, but a stormy situation. Even though the weather drives us all crazy at times, at least it gives us something to blab about.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
weather / whether / wether
The weather outside is partly cloudy whether you like it that way or not. A wether, on the other hand, is a castrated sheep. You read that right.
Weather comes from the Old English weder, for basically, "air and sky." It used to refer to storms, but now the weather can be sunny, too. Ships that weather a storm get through it, just like people who weather something. Examples:
"Given the odd weather of late, you may be aware that we are in the midst of what could be a record-setting El Niño." (Washington Post)
"If you enter the theater of this novel, get set to weather some disorientation as soon as the lights dim." (Washington Post)
The word whether indicates a choice. You can decide whether to go to the movies. The "or not" isn't necessary because it's implied in the word whether. "Or not" can be added if it means, "regardless of whether," as in "We will play outside whether or not it snows." Here's Hamlet's famous choice:
"To be, or not to be? That is the question—
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles…"
Poor little wether. It's always jumping in for whether but wether is never a choice. It's always a sheep or a goat. The word pops up a lot, but these sentences actually get it right:
"He jumped up, and called to the shepherd— 'I say, old boy, let that bell wether of mine alone, will you?'" (Richard Cobbold)
"My shepherd's pipe can sound no deal, my wether's bell rings doleful knell." (William Henry Burr)
Weather refers to climate conditions and whether comes before a choice. As for wether, be careful. If you say "We're having great wether tonight," it might sound like you're serving castrated goat for dinner.
WORD FAMILY
weather: weathered, weathering, weathers+/ weathered: unweathered
USAGE EXAMPLES
To reiterate: A story about a severe weather event that didn’t happen was more popular than most stories about events that did.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The National Weather Service issued a winter storm warning Monday for the Sierra’s eastern front north of Reno in effect until 4 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Severe weather was expected to bring a variety of threats to parts of the Deep South through the night.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 天气， 气象; 暴风雨
vt. & vi. 晒干， 风化
vt. 平安渡过， 挨过; [地]使风化
时态：weathered, weathering, weathers
分布：天气(86%)，气象(6%)，使风化(2%)，风化(2%)，经受住(2%)，经受风雨(1%)，境遇(1%)
→来自we-dhro,吹，天气，词源同wind,风，*dhro,名词后缀，比较father,mother。由风引申天气，风化，经受天气考验等。
n.天气,气象Furthermore, we gathered leather and feather for the future colder weather.而且,我们收集了皮革和羽毛以应付将来更冷的天气.
【记】原指：天气的意思－平安度过坏天气－经受住
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■the conditions in the air above the Earth such as wind, rain or temperature, especially at a particular time over a particular area 天气；气象
• bad/good/cold/dry/hot/stormy/warm/wet/etc. weather 坏／好／冷的／干燥的／炎热的／暴风雨／温暖的／潮湿的天气等
• The weather in the hills can change very quickly, so take suitable clothing. 山里的天气瞬息万变，所以要带上合适的衣服。
• We're going to have a picnic, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough). 如果天气好的话，我们打算去野餐。
UK ['weð.ər] US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
be/feel under the weather informal
■to be or feel ill 生病；觉得不舒服
• I'm feeling a bit under the weather - I think I've caught a cold. 我觉得有点不舒服——可能是感冒了。
UK ['weð.ər] US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
in all weathers
■If something is done in all weathers, it is done in every type of weather 无论天气好坏；风雨无阻
• He's a real enthusiast - he goes fishing in all weathers. 他真是个钓鱼迷——无论刮风下雨都去。
UK ['weð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
DEAL WITH 处理
transitive
■to deal successfully with a difficult situation or a problem 平安渡过（困境）；经受住
• As a small new company they did well to weather the recession. 作为一家新成立的小公司，他们成功地渡过经济衰退期。
UK ['weð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
AIR CONDITIONS 空气状况
intransitive or transitive
■to change in colour or form over a period of time because of the effects of sun, wind or other weather conditions （使）因风吹日晒而褪色，（使）受到风雨侵蚀，（使）风化
• Rock is weathered by the action of ice and changes in temperature. 冰的作用和温度的变化令岩石受到侵蚀。
• The paint on the outside walls has weathered badly (= has changed and been damaged by the weather). 外墙上的油漆风吹日晒褪色得很厉害。
UK ['weð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
weather the storm
■If someone or something weathers the storm, they successfully deal with a very difficult problem 渡过难关
• In the next few days we shall see if the ambassador can weather the political storm caused by his ill-advised remarks. 在接下来的几天，我们要看看那位大使能否平安渡过这场因他轻率的言辞而引发的政治风波。
weather, climate
weather: 一天内具体的天气状况,
climate: 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.
n. 天气； [气象] 气象；气候；处境
 - climate, situation
vt. 经受住；使风化；侵蚀；使受风吹雨打
 - last out, eat into
vi. 风化；受侵蚀；经受风雨
 - bloom out, effloresce
adj. 露天的；迎风的
 - outdoor, unroofed

Word: cutter
Front: cutter
[ˈkʌtə(r)] (六 9379/7926 -1)
Back: n. 切削者，切割机; 独桅纵帆船; 小艇，小型武装快艇; 轻便雪橇
分布：切割器(44%)，快艇(25%)，裁剪者(14%)，小艇(10%)，轻便雪橇(7%)
N-COUNT
切割工具;裁剪工具
A cutter is a tool that you use for cutting through something.
例：...a pastry cutter.面团分切机
例：...wire cutters.钢丝钳
N-COUNT
切割工;剪裁工;减少…的人
A cutter is a person who cuts or reduces something.
例：...a glass cutter...玻璃切割工
例：He has been using every opportunity to boost his credibility as a budget cutter.他一有机会就吹嘘自己削减预算的能力。
N-COUNT
小艇;接应船
A cutter is a type of boat.
n. 刀具， [建] 切割机；切割者；裁剪者
 - bit tool, dicing saw

Word: salty
Front: salty
[ˈsɔ:lti] (高 9377/15246 -K1)
Back: adj. 含盐的; 咸的; 辛辣的
级别：saltier, saltiest
分布：咸的(100%)
→salt,盐，-y,形容词后缀。
咸的(salt盐+y)[sal=salt表示"盐"]
US ['sɑ:l.tˌi] adjective
■tasting of salt 咸的
• This bacon is too salty for me. 这种熏肉对我来说太咸了。
adj. [食品] 咸的；含盐的
 - saliferous, brackish

Word: hanging
Front: hanging
[ˈhæŋɪŋ] (9375/9498)
Back: n. 绞死; 绞刑; （墙上装饰用的）帘子; 帷幔
adj. 应处以死刑的; 量刑偏重的
v. 悬( hang的现在分词 ); （被）绞死; 贴; 逗留
分布：绞刑(78%)，悬挂着的(16%)，动词hang的现在分词形式.(6%)
→来自hang,绞刑，绞杀。
noun
KILL 杀死
countable or uncountable
■the practice of killing someone, especially as a punishment for a serious crime, by dropping them with a rope tied around their neck 绞刑
['hæŋ.ɪŋ] noun
PICTURE 画
countable usually plural
■a large piece of cloth, often with a picture on it, that is hung on a wall for decoration （墙上装饰用的）帘子，帷幕
• The castle's great hall was decorated with sumptuous wall hangings. 城堡的大厅装饰着华丽的帷幕。
n. 悬挂；绞刑；帘子，幔帐
 - gallows
adj. 悬挂着的
 - dangled
v. 悬挂（hang的ing形式）
 - placarding

Word: one-half
Front: one-half
['wʌnh'ɑ:f] None
Back: 二分之一
分布：二分之一(100%)

Word: assimilation
Front: assimilation
[əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn] (六 9369/12513)
Vocabulary: assimilation
(once / 3696 pages)
n
Whether you’re talking about ideas or nutrients, assimilation describes the act of taking something in and absorbing it fully.
Assimilation comes from the Latin assimilationem, meaning “likeness" or "similarity.” People of different backgrounds and beliefs undergo assimilation when, through living together, they come to see themselves as part of a larger community, or when a small group is absorbed into, and made part of, a bigger group, such as the Irish immigrants in America in the 19th century. Assimilation can also refer to the absorption of new ideas into existing knowledge.
WORD FAMILY
assimilation: assimilations+/ assimilate: assimilable, assimilated, assimilates, assimilating, assimilation, assimilative, assimilator, assimilatory/assimilator: assimilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Depending on one’s perspective, its assimilation of information relayed from a party with access broke a rule, or did not.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
This dark past fuels an unspoken argument against assimilation and adaptation.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
They should also place much greater emphasis on assimilation.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （食物等的）吸收; 消化; （被）吸收或同化的过程; [生理]同化作用
分布：同化(87%)，消化(7%)，同化作用(6%)
V-ERG
（使）同化；（使）融入
When people such as immigrants assimilate into a community or when that community assimilates them, they become an accepted part of it.
例：There is every sign that new Asian-Americans are just as willing to assimilate...种种迹象表明新一代亚裔美国人也愿意入乡随俗。
例：His family tried to assimilate into the white and Hispanic communities...他一家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。
VERB
吸收；接受；学习
If you assimilate new ideas, techniques, or information, you learn them or adopt them.
例：I was speechless, still trying to assimilate the enormity of what he'd told me.我无话可说，一时还无法接受他对我所说之事的严重性。
n. [生理] 同化；吸收； [地质] [生化] 同化作用
 - absorption, merger

Word: conspicuous
Front: conspicuous
[kənˈspɪkjuəs] (研六托雅宝 9384/6526 -1)
Vocabulary: conspicuous
(once / 288 pages)
adj
Keep your eye on the adjective conspicuous for something that stands out so much you notice it right away — like that zit in the center of your friend's forehead.
Conspicuous comes from the adjectival form of the Latin verb, conspicere, meaning "to look at." Conspicuous can mean either very obvious to the eye (like something that is conspicuous from a distance) or attracting attention (like conspicuous consumption). If you are doing something wrong, it's wise not to be conspicuous about it!
WORD FAMILY
conspicuous: conspicuously, conspicuousness, inconspicuous +/conspicuousness: conspicuousnesses/ inconspicuous: inconspicuously, inconspicuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Art Duncan transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, where he was twice decorated for conspicuous aerial gallantry.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She became a perpetual jet-setter, one of the most conspicuous names, faces and figures in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
He remained conspicuous after that, not the least for his deliberately awful choice in clothing.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 明显的; 显而易见的; 惹人注意的; 显目
分布：显著的(48%)，显眼的(33%)，显而易见的(19%)
→con-, 强调。-spic, 看，词源同special, spectator.
显眼的,引人注目的(con大家+spic+uous→大家都看见→显眼的)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
a.显眼的,明显的The conspicuous suspicious pension is in suspension.那笔引人注目的可疑养老金被暂停发放.
【记】con共同，spic看，uous多－有很多地方都可以让大家看到－显著的
【参】perspicacious（adj 有洞察力的）；suspicious（adj 可疑的；怀疑的）
【反】nondescript（adj 无可名状的；难以区别的；无特征的）inconspicuous－blatant（adj 吵闹的；炫耀的）/salient（adj 显著的；突出的）/ prominent（adj 卓越的；突出的）
adjective
■very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted 显眼的；醒目的；显著的
• In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous. 在中国，她的金发十分显眼。
• He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. 他尽量不使自己显眼，沿着房间后部慢慢移动。
Opposite inconspicuous
[kən'spɪk.ju.əs] adjective
be conspicuous by your absence mainly humorous
■to be absent when you should be present, in a way that other people notice 因缺席而招人注意
• Why wasn't Stephen at the meeting, then? He was conspicuous by his absence. 那么，史蒂芬怎么没参加会议？他本应在场却不在，非常惹人注意。
striking, remarkable, noticeable, outstanding, conspicuous
这组词都有“显著的，引人注意的”的意思，其区别是：
striking: 侧重能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。
remarkable: 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。
noticeable: 指所描绘的事物引人注意。
outstanding: 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。
conspicuous: 通常指因成绩卓著，而引人注意，或指因外观奇特、花哨或言行举止不合常规而令人注意。
obvious, apparent, conspicuous
obvious: 明白的，清楚的，平淡无奇的
apparent: 清楚易见或易懂的，表面上的
conspicuous: 明显的，惹人注目的
adj. 显著的；显而易见的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: invasive
Front: invasive
[ɪnˈveɪsɪv] (9396/22069 -1)
Vocabulary: invasive
(once / 9633 pages)
adj
Anything invasive goes or grows where you don’t want it. An invasive procedure at the doctor hurts, and an invasive plant, like kudzu, grows all over the garden. And the yard. And the house.
Invasive species are plants or animals that are not native to an environment and steadily spread, sometimes taking over the native landscape. The same could be said of diseases such as cancer. Invasive surgery usually involves making an incision with a scalpel. We call policies or laws invasive when they endanger personal or civil rights and liberties. No one likes an invasion. Raccoons are an invasive species in Scotland, but no one believed their fake accents anyway.
WORD FAMILY
invasive: invasively, noninvasive+/ invade: invaded, invader, invades, invading, invasion, invasive /invader: invaders/invading: invadingly/ invasion: invasions/noninvasive: noninvasively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The parents say the documents are irrelevant and that the repeated demands for them are harassing and invasive.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The tribal team would work with the state and other groups fighting the invasive species.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Minimally Invasive Surgery Biomaterials Lab opened on the medical campus just over three years ago.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 侵略性的，侵害的; 攻击性的; 扩散性的，蔓延性的
分布：侵略性的(46%)，侵入的(34%)，攻击性的(20%)
→来自invade,入侵，侵犯。
adjective
■moving into all areas of something and difficult to stop 侵袭的，侵入的
• an invasive disease 侵入性疾病
• They treated the cancer with non- invasive methods/surgery (= not cutting into the body). 他们用无创方法／手术治疗癌症。
adj. 侵略性的；攻击性的
 - aggressive, attacking

Word: plump
Front: plump
[plʌmp] (六托宝 9362/9171 -1)
Vocabulary: plump
(once / 685 pages)
1adjv 2nvadv 3v
Something that's plump has a nice round shape. You could describe watching your plump little cousin eating one plump grape after another.
Objects and people can both be described as plump, as long as they're full or round or chubby. Though some people might be offended by being called plump, it's meant to describe an appealing roundness. And when you plump something, you pat or shake it so that it becomes fuller: "Let me plump those pillows on the bed while you tuck the sheets in."
WORD FAMILY
plump: plumped, plumper, plumpest, plumping, plumply, plumpness, plumps+/plumpness: plumpnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
My latest iteration contains broken bits of mince pies and sultanas plumped in brandy.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The tiny pink shrimp were succulent and plump, bursting with brininess.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After attending Butler, he opened his own restaurant, Plump’s Last Shot, not far from Butler’s campus in Indianapolis.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 丰满的; 肥胖的; 丰富的; 充裕的
adv. 突然地，猛地
vt. & vi. （使）圆胖; （使）鼓起; （使）突然沉重地落下
n. 扑通声; 〈英〉阵雨; 群
时态：plumped, plumping, plumps
分布：丰满的(62%)，支持(18%)，变丰满(11%)，下降(3%)，直接地(3%)，骤降(3%)
→词源同低地德语plumpen,荷兰语plompen,扑通声，落水，可能为拟声词。引申词义重的，大 块的，后词义褒义化，形容女人丰腴的，丰满的。
倒下,坠下[plumb=lead,表示"铅"]
【区】plumb（adj 正好垂直的；v 测量（深度）；仔细地或深入地检验）
【记】plu＝plus，m妈妈，p屁股：给妈妈的屁股加肉－形体肥胖的且丰满的
【反】svelte（adj 苗条的；体态娇美的）
adjective
■having a pleasantly soft rounded body or shape 丰满的；饱满的
• a nice plump chicken 肥嫩多肉的小鸡
• plump juicy grapes 圆鼓鼓的多汁葡萄
• a child with plump rosy cheeks 两颊胖乎乎、红通通的小孩
■polite word for
■fat 发福的，丰满的
• He's got rather plump since I last saw him. 自从我上次见到他以来，他胖了很多。
[plʌmp] verb transitive
■to shake and push something to make it round and soft 使丰满；使鼓起
• My aunt was busy straightening furniture and plumping cushions. 我姑姑一直在忙着收拾家俱、拍松垫子。
• Let me plump up your pillows for you. 我来把你的枕头拍松。
[plʌmp] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] plump (sb/sth) down informal
■to sit down suddenly and heavily, or to put an object or child down suddenly and without taking care 重重地坐下；（随意地）把…重重地放下
• She plumped down next to me on the sofa. 他紧靠着我一屁股坐在沙发上。
• [R] He rushed in and plumped himself down in a chair. 他冲进房间，一屁股坐到椅子上。
• Joan sat down at the front of the bus, and plumped her bags down beside her. 琼在公共汽车前面坐下，把行李放在身边。
[plʌmp] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  plump for sth/sb UK informal
■to choose something or someone, especially after taking time for careful thought （尤指经过认真考虑后）选择，选定
• I'm going to plump for the vegetable curry. 我决定选蔬菜咖哩。
• Which film did you plump for in the end? 你们最后选择去看哪部电影了？
[plʌmp] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] plump sth up
■to make something fuller or fatter 鼓起；使丰满
• She went round plumping up the cushions. 她总是把垫子拍得鼓鼓的。
• Lips can be plumped up with injections. 唇部可以用注射的方式变丰满。
stout, plump, fat
这组词都有“肥胖的”的意思，其区别是：
stout: 指膀粗腰圆，身体笨重，暗示肥壮。
plump: 指胖得匀称好看，有曲线感。
fat: 通俗用词，略含贬义。指因体内脂肪过多而显肥胖。
vt. 使丰满；使鼓起；突然放下
 - belly
adv. 沉重地；突然地
 - heavily, suddenly, sharp
vi. 变丰满；鼓起
 - fill out, summon up
adj. 圆胖的，丰满的；鼓起的
 - fat, full, chubby
n. 扑通声
 - plop

Word: bowel
Front: bowel
[ˈbaʊəl] (研雅 9380/4431 -2)
Back: n. 肠; 内部; 同情心，怜悯心
分布：肠(97%)，内部(3%)
→来自拉丁词botulus, 肠。进入法语脱落字母t, 写作boele, 进入英语插入字母w, 写作bowel. 词源同botulism.
n.肠;［pl.］内部,深处His bowels are open.他排便畅通.
noun countable usually plural
■the long tube that carries solid waste from the stomach out of the body 肠
• He has trouble with his bowels. 他的肠胃有问题。
• bowel cancer/cancer of the bowel 肠癌
move your bowels
■(said especially by doctors and nurses) to excrete (= pass from the body) the solid waste that is contained in the bowels （尤为医护人员用语）排便
['baʊ.əl] [baʊəl] noun countable usually plural
the bowels of sth
■the parts of something that are furthest away from the outside …的内部，…的深处
• The fire started deep in the bowels of the ship. 大火是从船的最底部烧起来的。
n. 肠；内部；同情
 - interior, inside, inner, feeling, compassion

Word: accused
Front: accused
[əˈkju:zd] (9385/5476 -1)
Back: n. 被告
v. 指责(accuse的过去式和过去分词); 控告
adj. 被控告的
分布：被告(97%)，动词accuse的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
N-COUNT
被告
You can use the accused to refer to a person or a group of people charged with a crime or on trial for it.
例：The accused is alleged to be a member of a right-wing gang...据称被告是某右翼组织的成员。
例：The fifteen accused, young men from different parts of England, denied the charges.被告是15名来自英格兰各地的年轻男子，他们对指控矢口否认。
n. 被告
 - indictee, defendant

Word: satin
Front: satin
[ˈsætɪn] (9368/9065 -1)
Vocabulary: satin
(once / 703 pages)
n
Satin is a soft and shiny type of fabric. Satin is commonly used to make nightgowns, dresses, baseball jackets, and even fancy bed sheets.
You can identify a material as satin from its dull back and glossy front. This is a result of the way satin is woven, from fibers made of silk, rayon, or polyester. Sometimes bed sheets and upholstery are also made from satin. The word satin was originally Old French, believed to come from the Arabic zaytuni, and be influenced by the Latin word seta, both meaning "satin."
WORD FAMILY
satin: satins, satiny
USAGE EXAMPLES
The panels were stapled to red satin ribbon to create a garland.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“We recline on our own satin and ebony.”
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back then, ships on the Black Sea carried things like furs, horses, oils, cloth, grains, wine, satin, musk, perfumes, spices and jewels.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 缎，缎子; 缎子衣服; [纺]缎纹; <俚>杜松子酒
adj. 绸缎做的; 光滑的; 似缎的
v. 对（纸等）作加光处理
分布：缎子(92%)，缎子的(8%)
→来自法语 satin,绸缎，来自阿拉伯语 zaytuni,刺桐，刺桐的绸缎，即 Zaitun,刺桐，泉州古名， 中世纪时海上丝绸之路的起点（有争议）。
US ['sætˌ.ən] noun
CLOTH 衣服
uncountable
■a type of cloth, sometimes made of silk , which is smooth and shiny on one side but not on the other 缎
• a cream satin dress 乳白色的缎面裙子
UK ['sæt.ɪn] US ['sætˌ.ən] noun
PAINT 涂料
[S or U] (also satin finish)
■a type of paint which is slightly shiny when it dries 亮光涂料；丝光涂料
adj. 光滑的；绸缎做的；似缎的
 - smooth, glossy, glabrous

Word: idol
Front: idol
[ˈaɪdl] (托宝 9381/9859 -1)
Vocabulary: idol
(once / 350 pages)
1n 2n
An idol can be a religious image or a person who people admire and maybe even seem to worship. A statue of a Hindu god is a religious idol, but Madame Curie is an idol to aspiring scientists.
The word idol comes from the Old French idole for "pagan god," through the Greek eidolon for “reflection in water or a mirror.” In religion, an idol isn’t the real deity but a representation of it. These days, rock stars and celebrities are idols, but so are scientists and writers. If you say Flannery O’ Connor is your idol, you don’t mean you bow down before a statue of the Southern writer, it just means you admire her big time.
WORD FAMILY
idol: idolise, idolize, idols+/idolise: idolisation, idolised, idoliser, idolises, idolising/idoliser: idolisers/ idolize: idolization, idolized, idolizer, idolizes, idolizing/idolizer: idolizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “Apprentice” franchise, however,  is only two years younger than “Idol.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The era of fedora hats, braces and brogues fits Affleck’s classic matinee idol good looks, too.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Rickey Smith, an “American Idol” finalist was killed in an automobile crash in Oklahoma City.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 偶像，崇拜物; 幽灵; 谬论; 幻觉
分布：偶像(98%)，菩萨(2%)
→来自拉丁语idolum,形象，影象，神像，词源同idea,想象，想出来的想法。引申词义偶像。
偶像[idol=image,表示"形象,偶像"]
noun countable
■someone who is admired and respected very much 偶像，明星
• a pop/sporting idol 流行音乐偶像／体育明星
• The Hollywood film idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions. 20世纪40年代好莱坞的电影明星魅力四射，受无数人崇拜。
■a picture or object that people pray to as part of their religion 神像
• The ancient people of this area worshipped a huge bronze idol in the shape of an elephant. 这个地区的古代居民膜拜一尊象形的青铜巨像。
n. 偶像，崇拜物；幻象；谬论
 - vision, icon

Word: cultivation
Front: cultivation
[ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn] (托雅 9376/6712)
Vocabulary: cultivation
(once / 417 pages)
1n 2n
Cultivation is the act of caring for or raising plants. Your desire to grow your own fruits and vegetables in the backyard means you'll be engaged in some heavy cultivation.
The word cultivation is most often used to talk about the ways that farmers take care of crops. However, in a more general sense, the verb cultivate means to improve or train someone or something. You could participate in the cultivation of your little brother by paying for him to take tango lessons and teaching him how to play chess. Or perhaps you might start by simply teaching him how to sip and not slurp his soup.
WORD FAMILY
cultivation: cultivations, self-cultivation+/cultivable: uncultivable/cultivatable: uncultivatable/ cultivate: cultivable, cultivatable, cultivated, cultivates, cultivating, cultivation, cultivator, overcultivate/ cultivated: uncultivated/cultivator: cultivators/overcultivate: overcultivated
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were also supposed to encourage farmers to abandon the cultivation of opium poppy, the region’s most lucrative cash crop.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
One goal is to meet the need in the state for cultivation of honeybee populations.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Maine Brewers’ Guild says more research would help boost local hop cultivation.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 教养; 栽培; 耕作; （关系的）培植
分布：培养(73%)，耕作(19%)，教化(8%)
栽培;培养(cultivate+ion)[cult=till,表示"耕种,培养"]
VERB
耕;耕作；种植
If you cultivate land or crops, you prepare land and grow crops on it.
例：She also cultivated a small garden of her own.她还耕种了一片属于自己的小园子。
例：...the few patches of cultivated land.为数不多的几小块耕地
VERB
逐渐形成，培养(某种态度、形象或技能)
If you cultivate an attitude, image, or skill, you try hard to develop it and make it stronger or better.
例：He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of an elder statesman...他已经写了8本书，树立起了其政界元老的形象。
例：Cultivating a positive mental attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.培养一种自信的积极心态会让人受益匪浅。
VERB
结交(朋友);建立(友谊)
If you cultivate someone or cultivate a friendship with them, you try hard to develop a friendship with them.
例：Howe carefully cultivated Daniel C. Roper, the Assistant Postmaster General...豪谨慎地和邮政副部长丹尼尔·C.罗珀拉近关系。
例：Estonia has done much to cultivate the friendship of western European countries.爱沙尼亚努力发展与西欧国家的友谊。
n. [细胞] [微] 培养；耕作； [农学] 耕种；教化；文雅
 - education, training, farming, enlightenment

Word: asshole
Front: asshole
[ˈæshəʊl] (9371/25292)
Vocabulary: asshole
(once / 55490 pages)
n
Asshole is a vulgar (dirty) slang word. Besides the literal meaning, it’s a common word for a jerk or idiot.
If you call someone an asshole, they're probably doing something not just stupid and annoying, but mean. Like all slang words and obscenities, this is a word you need to be careful about using. Saying asshole in class, in a paper, at a job interview, or even on television could get you in serious trouble. If you’re not alone with your buddies, stick to a safer word like jerk or doofus.
WORD FAMILY
asshole: assholes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or, as Phillips eloquently puts it: “Antagonism silences and that infringes people’s free speech far more significantly than telling some asshole to shut his mouth.”
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
“Most people know what it’s like for some smug, élite asshole to tell them, ‘You can’t say that, it’s racist, it’s bad.’
The New Yorker(Nov 12, 2016)
Pity for the small-town Trumpists who thought they voted for one of their own but elected a man who mingles solely with rich assholes.
Slate(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 屁眼儿; 〈俗〉肛门; 令人讨厌的人
分布：讨厌的人(100%)
US [-hoʊl] mainly US
noun countable
■ arsehole
n. 屁眼儿，肛门；令人讨厌的人
 - arsehole, anus
adj. 愚蠢的；窝囊的；可恶的
 - foolish, stupid, silly, mad

Word: peel
Front: peel
[pi:l] (研四六雅宝 3920/6496 -2)
Vocabulary: peel
(once / 1101 pages)
nv
A peel is the covering of a fruit or vegetable. Some peels are thick and easy to remove, like an orange peel, while others might be more stubborn, like the thin peel on a potato.
When you remove an apple peel or the peel of an eggplant, you peel it. You can peel anything with a rind or skin, especially things you can eat, like shrimp and onions. There are non-edible things to peel, like stickers and old wallpaper too. You can also figuratively peel something: "I had to peel off my wet clothes and put dry ones on before I stopped shivering." The Latin root, pilare, means "to strip of hair."
WORD FAMILY
peel: peeled, peeler, peeling, peels+/peeler: peelers/peeling: peelings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There he developed a disease that caused layers of his skin to peel off.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A lot of times, ends peel and it’s either incomplete or we get it to the back on an end.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But he added that “we’re starting to peel back some of the layers of the onion here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 剥皮; 覆盖层脱落，剥落
vi. 剥落; 脱落; 揭掉; 表面起皮
n. 果皮，蔬菜皮; 长柄木铲; [英史]堡寨，堡宅
时态：peeled, peeling, peels
分布：果皮(55%)，剥落(23%)，削皮(10%)，脱皮(6%)，脱衣服(6%)
→来自古法语pel,皮，皮肤，果皮，来自拉丁语pellis,皮，皮肤，果皮，词源同film,pelt.
v.削皮,剥皮n.果皮These potatoes don't peel easily.这些土豆的皮很难剥.
【记】peel原指削去头发，引申为削皮
verb
FOOD 食物
 ADVANCED transitive
■to remove the skin of fruit and vegetables 除去，剥去（水果、蔬菜的）皮
• Peel, core and chop the apples. 把苹果去皮、去核并剁碎。
[pi:l] verb
COVERING 覆盖物
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■If a layer or covering peels, it slowly comes off, and if you peel a layer or covering, you remove it slowly and carefully （表层）脱落，剥落；剥去（表层），剥去…的壳
• We peeled the wallpaper off the walls. 我们把壁纸从墙上撕了下来。
• Peel off the backing strip and press the label down firmly. 撕下背垫条，将标签用力下压。
• The posters were peeling away from the damp walls. 海报正从潮湿的墙面脱落。
• The new paint is already starting to crack and peel. 新漆已经开始出现裂纹并脱落。
[pi:l] verb
BODY 身体
intransitive
■If you peel, or part of your body or your skin peels, parts of the top layer of your skin comes off because you are burnt from being in the sun （皮肤因日晒而）脱皮，蜕皮
• My back is peeling. 我的背在脱皮。
[pi:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  peel away/off
■When separate vehicles, people or animals peel away/off, they leave the group or structure they were part of and move away in a different direction （车辆、人或动物）离队，离群
• One motorbike peeled away from the formation and circled round behind the rest. 一辆摩托车脱离了车队，在其他车后面绕行。
[pi:l] noun uncountable
■the skin of fruit and vegetables, especially after it has been removed （尤指水果和蔬菜被削掉的）外皮
• apple peel 苹果皮
• potato peel 马铃薯皮
• The dessert was decorated with strips of lemon peel. 甜点上有些切成丝状的柠檬皮以作装饰。
• What shall I do with the peel? 这些皮我该如何处理？
hide, fur, peel, leather, skin
这组词都有“皮，皮肤”的意思，其区别是：
hide: 多指大型动物的厚皮，也指没有鞣的牛、马等皮革。
fur: 现多指猫、兔等动物软毛皮，也指其它动物的毛皮。
peel: 指剩下的或可以剥去的果皮或蔬菜皮。
leather: 通常指经过加工的熟皮，可用于制作各种皮革制品。
skin: 最常用词，指人的皮肤或动物的皮，也可指水果、植物和种子等的外皮。
v. 剥，剥落；削
 - flake off, shell off
n. [植] 皮
 - fur, tegument

Word: unilateral
Front: unilateral
[ˌju:nɪˈlætrəl] (雅宝 9366/12705 -1)
Vocabulary: unilateral
(once / 3939 pages)
adj
Unilateral means "one-sided." If parents make a unilateral decision to eliminate summer vacation, it means that the students’ opinions or opposing views weren’t considered.
When someone makes a unilateral decision, he or she acts alone, without considering the feelings, opposing opinions or concerns of others. But it’s not always a bad thing to act unilaterally. If you are in a fight with your sister and haven’t spoken to each other for a week, you could choose to do her chores, compliment her or make other unilateral, good-faith efforts to bring the bad feelings to an end.
WORD FAMILY
unilateral: unilateralism, unilaterally +/ unilateralism: unilateralist/unilateralist: unilateralists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama’s unilateral actions, by executive order, proclamation or memoranda, are even more vulnerable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
While many environmentalists and archaeologists supported the monument, most Utah politicians opposed the site’s unilateral protection.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
"Its unilateral application to global shipping would create market distortion while generating trade disputes with China and other Asian nations," Bennett said.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 单边的，一方的; 单方有义务的; 片面的; 仅由一方实行或承担的
分布：单方面的(72%)，单边的(18%)，单系的(10%)
→uni-, 一，词源同unit,lateral, 边的。
单方面的(uni+later边+al→单边的→单方面的)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
单边的(uni单个+later+al)[later=side,表示"边"]
【记】uni一个，lateral方面的：单方面的
【参】bilateral（adj 有两面的；双边的）
US [-'lætˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■involving only one group or country 单边的；单方的
• The party leader has actually declared her support for unilateral nuclear disarmament (= giving up her country's nuclear weapons without first waiting for other countries to do the same). 该党领导人实际上已经宣布了她支援单方面核裁军的决定。
Compare bilateral ; multilateral
adj. [数] [植] 单边的； [昆] 单侧的；单方面的；单边音；（父母）单系的
 - one-sided

Word: dice
Front: dice
[daɪs] (6854/10369 -1)
Vocabulary: dice
(once / 1186 pages)
nv
Dice are what you roll when you're playing Yahtzee or Monopoly; they are two cubes marked with dots on each side that represent the numbers one through six.
The noun dice is the plural form of the singular die. Although many people use the word dice when they're talking about a single die, it's actually only correct to call two or more of the dotted cubes dice. You can also use the word as a verb to mean "chop into tiny pieces or cubes." You might, for example, read a recipe instruction that says: "Dice three tomatoes."
WORD FAMILY
dice: diced, dicer, dices, dicing+/dicer: dicers
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will continue to be speculation about Elway rolling the dice on another seasoned star, the way he did so successfully with Peyton Manning.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The LZ project – which is halfway through construction – should be science’s last throw of the dice, they say.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Or is rolling dice just as likely to yield a useful forecast?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 骰子; 掷骰游戏
v. 将…切成丁
时态：diced, dicing, dices
分布：骰子(71%)，掷骰子(21%)，小方块(4%)，将…切成丁(3%)，掷骰游戏(1%)
→die的复数形式。
noun countable (plural dice)
GAME 游戏
 ADVANCED (US also or old-fashioned die)
■a small cube (= object with six equal square sides) with a different number of spots on each side, used in games involving chance 骰子
• We need two dice to play the game. 玩这个游戏我们需要两个骰子。
• You roll/throw the dice and whoever gets the highest score goes first. 你们掷骰子吧，谁的点数最大谁就先开始。
uncountable
■any game involving chance in which dice are thrown 掷骰子类游戏
• Let's play dice. 我们来玩掷骰子吧。
[daɪs] noun countable (plural dice)
PIECE 块
■a small cube 小方块，丁
• Cut the potatoes into small dice. 把马铃薯切成丁。
[daɪs] noun countable (plural dice)
no dice US informal
■something that people say when you may not or cannot do something 没门儿，不行，不许
• I asked if we could go to the party, but Mom said no dice. 我问我们可不可以参加派对，妈妈说不行。
[daɪs] verb
CUT 切
transitive
■to cut food into small squares 将…切成小方块，把…切成丁
• Peel and dice the potatoes. 把马铃薯去皮并切成丁。
• diced carrots 胡萝卜丁
[daɪs] verb
GAME 游戏
dice with death
■to do something extremely dangerous and silly 拿生命冒险，玩命
• You're dicing with death driving at that speed on icy roads. 路上结了冰你还开这么快，你是在玩命啊。
n. 骰子
 - cube
vi. 掷骰子
 - shake the elbows, crap

Word: braid
Front: braid
[breɪd] (托宝 9403/15784 -1)
Vocabulary: braid
(once / 1033 pages)
vn
To braid is to lace or weave together. Hair that has been done this way is in braids.
Have you ever seen someone with their hair bound together in thick, rope-like arrangements? That hairdo is called braids. Women often braid each other's hair or get it braided by a hairdresser. The longer your hair, the longer your potential braids. To braid hair, you have to weave the strands of hair together: this is also called plaiting, lacing, and interlacing. Other materials can be braided, but the most popular thing to braid is definitely hair.
WORD FAMILY
braid: braided, braiding, braids, unbraid+/braiding: braidings/unbraid: unbraided, unbraiding, unbraids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coroner David West says the child left the apartment while his grandmother was braiding her granddaughter’s hair.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Her braids stream over her shoulders, and her waxed canvas “intake bag” is battered by decades of use.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Her blond hair was pulled back in a French braid and tied with a large, black velvet bow.
Los Angeles Times(Mar 11, 1990)
Back: n. 发辫; 辫子; 穗带; 编织物
vt. 把（头发）编成辫子; 把…打缏子; （用饰带等）镶缀; 编织
时态：braided, braiding, braids
分布：编织(48%)，辫子(34%)，穗带(11%)，编辫子(5%)，镶缀(2%)
→来自zero-grade 词根br, 明亮的，照耀的，词源同bright. 原指编织穗带使人眼花缭乱的动作，后指穗带。
编成辫子[braid=twist,表示"扭"]
【记】br不，aid帮助。女孩编辫子不需要帮助，可以自己搞定。头里长的是brain，头上长的是braid
noun
CLOTH 布
uncountable (also braiding)
■a thin strip of cloth or twisted threads, which is fixed onto clothes, uniforms or other things made of cloth, as decoration （作装饰用的）穗带，镶边
• The captain of the ship wore a peaked cap decorated with gold braid (= twisted gold threads). 船长戴着一顶饰有金丝边的大檐帽。
[breɪd] noun
HAIR 头发
countable US for
■ plait
[breɪd] verb intransitive or transitive US for plait
vt. [纺] 编织
 - pleach, complect
n. 辫子；穗带；发辫
 - tail, pigtail

Word: one-way
Front: one-way
[wʌn weɪ] (-1)
Vocabulary: one-way
(once / 10488 pages)
adj
Something that's one-way only allows movement in one direction. A one-way street is marked with an arrow, and you better follow it!
All cars, bikes, and motorcycles travel in the same direction on a one-way road, and you can say that traffic on one side of a divided highway is also one-way. You might encounter a one-way door at a supermarket, or a one-way line for entering a ride at an amusement park. You can also buy a one-way ticket on a bus or airplane, instead of a round trip that includes your ticket home.
WORD FAMILY
one-way
USAGE EXAMPLES
Government data show the average one-way airline ticket price between New York and Boston was $148 in the second quarter, the most recent reported.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
The problem was less the content than the delivery system as some did not like the one-way communication of a video.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He fashioned a prototype using a toy noisemaker, which functioned as a one-way flutter valve when attached to a drainage bottle.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 单行的; 单程的; 片面的，单方面的
分布：单程的(56%)，单行的(44%)
adjective
[before noun]
■travelling or allowing travel in only one direction 单程的；单向的，单行的
• I drove the wrong way down a one-way street. 我在单行道上逆向行车。
• US How much is a one-way ticket (UK usuallysingle)to New York? 到纽约的单程车票多少钱？
a one-way ticket to sth
■If something is a one-way ticket to an unpleasant situation, it will cause that situation to happen 引发／导致（坏事）发生
• A rejection of the peace deal would be a one-way ticket to disaster for the country. 反对和平协议将使国家陷入灾难。
■describes a relationship which is not fair because only one person or group of the two makes any effort 单方面的，一厢情愿的
adj. [电] 单程的；单行道的；单方面的
 - single, unilateral

Word: hustle
Front: hustle
[ˈhʌsl] (托 9394/15380 -1)
Vocabulary: hustle
(once / 1010 pages)
1vn 2vn
To hustle something means to hurriedly push it along. If you overslept, you'll have to hustle out of the house to get to work on time.
Hustle comes from the Dutch word for "shake" or "toss." As a noun, a hustle is a busy, hurried scene, like the hustle of the subway at rush hour. We also call the act of swindling a hustle, because it happens so fast. As a verb, hustle can either mean to swindle someone or to hurry them, or to work hard. You can hustle someone out the door. If you hustle, you can earn good tips as a waiter.
WORD FAMILY
hustle: hustled, hustler, hustles, hustling+/hustler: hustlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ryan marvels at how hard he practices, how calm he is on game day, and how much the offense feeds off his hustle.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
During one skirmish, Siatta said, he hit a Taliban fighter carrying a machine gun as he hustled across a bridge.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They checked I.D.s and hustled the young men toward a row of police vans.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 催促; 硬挤，乱推; 硬逼，逼使; 强夺
vi. 赶紧; 硬挤过去; 拼命挣钱
n. 忙碌，奔忙; 挤，推; 拥挤喧嚷
时态：hustled, hustling, hustles
分布：催促(35%)，推搡(33%)，赶紧做(13%)，欺诈(13%)，忙乱(6%)
→来自荷兰语hutselen,摇动，搅拌，扔，后受英语拼写习惯影响字母t,s置换，词干hot-,hut-在日耳曼语系中义为摇动。进入英语后引申词义前后摇摆，摆来摆去，引申词义猛推，猛挤，强迫，以及妓女拉客，骗子骗钱等。受美国电影的影响，开始出现褒义化，如侠盗，神偷等，参照电影《美国骗局》。
verb
PUSH 推
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make someone move quickly by pushing or pulling them along 猛推；推挤
• After giving his speech, Johnson was hustled out of the hall by bodyguards. 演讲结束后，约翰逊被保镖们簇拥着出了大厅。
['hʌs.l] verb
PERSUADE 劝说
intransitive or transitive mainly US informal
■to try to persuade someone, especially to buy something, often illegally （尤指非法地）兜揽（生意），兜售
• to hustle for business/customers 兜揽生意／招揽顾客
• They made a living hustling stolen goods on the streets. 他们靠着在街上兜售赃物为生。
['hʌs.l] noun uncountable
hustle and bustle
■all the noise and activity 喧闹嘈杂
• I love the hustle and bustle of the marketplace. 我喜欢街市里面熙来攘往的热闹。
vt. 催促；猛推；强夺
 - crowd, urge
vi. 赶紧；硬挤过去；拼命挣钱
 - make haste, jump to it
n. 推；奔忙；拥挤喧嚷
 - push, jundy

Word: ballad
Front: ballad
[ˈbæləd] (宝 9402/10212 -1)
Vocabulary: ballad
(once / 469 pages)
n
A ballad is a song that tells a story, and it can be dramatic, funny, or romantic. You can find ballads in a variety of musical styles, from country-western to rock n' roll.
The ballad is an old musical form. Ballads are often by anonymous composers, passed down from generation to generation. You may know “The Ballad of Jesse James," about the notorious bank robber, which dates from the 1880s and has been recorded by everybody from Woody Guthrie to Springsteen. A ballad can also be a slow, romantic song, the kind of thing crooners like Johnny Mathis and Bing Crosby made famous. The word ballad comes from medieval French balade, a dancing song.
WORD FAMILY
ballad: balladeer, ballads+/balladeer: balladeers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this number, adapted by Thompson from an 18th-century Scottish ballad, may be the best of them all.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The ballad opens with an electric piano, organ, bass and guitar playing the introduction backed only by a snare drum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Meanwhile the singles chart shows the ballad Careless Whisper, one of Michael’s best-known hits, just outside the top 10 at 12.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 民谣，尤指叙事歌谣; 民歌; [音]伤感的情歌
分布：歌谣(80%)，诗歌(10%)，谣曲(10%)
歌谣,歌曲(ball舞,歌)[-ad表名词"…东西,状态"]
【记】1）ball球，ad广告－像球做广告－一代代滚下来－歌谣2）bal＋lad，是非常对称的结构，因为歌谣、诗歌就是采用一种对称的句式，叫循环迭句。
noun countable
■a song or poem that tells a story, or (in popular music) a slow love song 歌谣，民谣；叙事诗；（舒缓的）情歌
n. 歌谣，民谣；叙事歌谣；流行抒情歌曲
 - derry, volkslied

Word: reshape
Front: reshape
[ˌri:ˈʃeɪp] (托 9382/14290 -1)
Vocabulary: reshape
(once / 5970 pages)
v
When you reshape something, you change or transform it completely. You can reshape a lump of clay, but you can also reshape your plans for your life.
A government can reshape the country's energy plan, incorporating more environmentally friendly systems. And a school committee can reshape the high school curriculum, adding higher-level science classes and more choices in the art department. It's also possible to reshape things in a more literal way, squeezing bread dough as you reshape it to fit a different pan, for example.
WORD FAMILY
reshape: reshaped, reshapes, reshaping+/ shape: ill-shapen, reshape, shaped, shapeless, shapely, shaper, shapes, shaping, unshapen/shaped: unshaped/shapeless: shapelessly, shapelessness/ shapely: shapelier, shapeliest, shapeliness, unshapely/shaper: shapers/shaping: shapings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Back in 2014 when everybody was just talking about automotive, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, they were very busy reshaping their product areas.”
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It identified wide-ranging factors that would "reshape how we live and work".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Every administration tries to reshape American policy to reflect its ideals.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 重塑; 给…以新形态; 采取新形式; 打开新局面
时态：reshaped, reshaping, reshapes
分布：改造(59%)，重新塑造(28%)，打开新局面(9%)，使成新的形状(4%)
→re-,再，重新，shape,形状，塑形。
verb transitive
■to shape something again or differently 重塑；使再成形；改变…的形状
vt. 改造；再成形
 - reconstruct, rebuild

Word: stud
Front: stud
[stʌd] (9388/10060 -1)
Vocabulary: stud
(once / 916 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A stud is a metal piece that sticks out, usually for decoration. You might have studs spelling out "Mom" on your leather jacket. Straight, simple earrings — a single pearl on a straight post, for instance — are also called studs.
There are a few meanings of stud that you should know if you are an equestrian or in construction. A stud is a male horse used for breeding, and it’s also slang for a macho he-man. If you want to hang a heavy mirror on a wall, you have to find the studs — the upright boards behind the wall — and hammer your nails into the studs, so the nails are anchored to something solid so they can support the weight of the mirror.
WORD FAMILY
stud: studded, studding, studs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They live in stone apartment blocks studded by modern playgrounds, drawn by bigger spaces for less money than are available elsewhere in the city.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
Schwartz slapped his palm on a wall studded with steel bracing rods—short-term solutions to an intractable long-term problem.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Michael’s career was studded with proof of his deep respect for the art of pop.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 种马; 大头钉; （衣袖等的）饰钮; [建]壁骨
vt. 用饰钮装饰; 散布; 用壁骨支撑
时态：studded, studding, studs
分布：种马(30%)，大头钉(12%)，点缀(10%)，耳环(10%)，饰钉(10%)，立柱(9%)，镶嵌(8%)，壁骨(7%)，板墙筋(2%)，年轻男子(2%)
→来自古英语 studu,柱子，支撑，来自 Proto-Germanic*stud,柱子，来自 stu,变体形式自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,state.后用于指钉头，节，把，并引申词义耳钉，鼻钉等。stud 种马
noun
HORSE 马
countable
■a group of animals, especially high quality horses, kept for breeding 种畜；（尤指）良种种马
• David Grenfell runs a 170-acre stud farm in Co. Wexford, Ireland. 戴维‧格伦费尔在爱尔兰的韦克斯福德郡经营一个170英亩的种马场。
put (out) to stud specialized
■kept for breeding 留作种畜；留作种马
• The Derby winner Generous will be put to stud in Britain at the end of the season. 德比赛马的获胜者“慷慨”在本赛季结束后将会作为种马留在英国。
[stʌd] noun
MAN 人
countable slang
■a man who is thought to have sex a lot and be good at it 风流男子，四处留情的男人
• He thinks he's a real stud. 他自认为是个风流情种。
[stʌd] noun
DECORATION 装饰
countable usually plural
■a small nail or piece of metal, with a large rounded top, that is hammered into or fixed to the surface of something, usually for decoration （通常作装饰的）饰钉，嵌钉
[stʌd] noun
JEWELLERY 首饰
countable
■a small piece of metal jewellery that is put through a part of your body such as your ear or nose 钉状首饰；耳钉；鼻插
• gold studs 金耳钉
• a nose stud 鼻插
[stʌd] noun
BOOT 靴子
countable UK (US cleat)
■any of the small pointed objects which stick out from the bottom of some boots and shoes used in particular sports, especially football （尤指足球鞋的）鞋钉
[stʌd] noun
FASTENER 扣紧物
countable
■a fastener made from two small flat parts joined together by a short bar, used for clothing, especially in the past to fix collars onto shirts （尤指旧时的）领扣
[stʌd] noun
TYRE 轮胎
countable US
■a small piece of metal, many of which are fixed to special tyres used for driving in the snow （通常作装饰的）饰钉，嵌钉
n. 种马； [五金] 大头钉；饰纽；壁骨
 - stallion, stone-horse
vt. 散布；用许多饰钮等装饰
 - distribute, spread

Word: barefoot
Front: barefoot
[ˈbeəfʊt] (9395/15162 -1)
Vocabulary: barefoot
(once / 2310 pages)
adjadv
When you're barefoot, you're not wearing any shoes or socks. It might feel good to walk barefoot on a sandy beach on a warm day, but just don't try entering a restaurant barefoot.
Some kids might spend the whole summer barefoot, walking down sidewalks with their sneakers in their hands, and if you're a lifeguard or a professional gymnast, you get to be barefoot at work. The Old English root of barefoot is bærfot, combining bær, "naked" or "uncovered," with fot, "foot."
WORD FAMILY
barefoot: barefoots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Investigators say one of her 14-year-old sons, who is not among the missing children, showed up at a police station barefoot early Dec. 18.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Run barefoot among the splintery boards and rusty nails.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
They ran barefoot without stopping even as debris cut into the soles of their feet, she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 赤脚的; 光着脚的
adv. 赤着脚地
分布：赤脚的(78%)，赤脚地(11%)，=barefooted.(11%)
US ['ber-] adjective adverb
■not wearing any shoes or socks 赤脚的（地）
• We took off our shoes and socks and walked barefoot along the beach. 我们脱掉了鞋袜，赤脚走在沙滩上。
adj. 赤脚的
 - discalced, unshod

Word: posit
Front: posit
[ˈpɒzɪt] (宝 9378/15855)
Vocabulary: posit
(once / 12223 pages)
vn
To posit something is to assume or suggest that it is true. You can posit an idea or opinion.
When you posit, you submit an idea or give an opinion. Scientists posit many ideas — called hypotheses — that they then try to prove or disprove through experimentation and research. In science, you hear about positing a lot, and the same is true in math and logic. When you say "If X, then Y" you're positing a proposition. Positing can also mean to put something somewhere firmly — this means to deposit, fix, or situate.
WORD FAMILY
posit: posited, positing, posits
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was during her autobiographical one-woman stage show, “Wishful Drinking,” that she first posited the idea for “Bipolar Pride Day.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
World Tour, Napier-Bell’s posited, would prove that the Communist Party welcomed visitors and help to lure foreign investment.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Perhaps the solution is glaringly obvious: In “Abominable Bride,” Watson posits his own theory for how the woman and Moriarty got away with their suicide.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 假定，设想，假设
时态：posited, positing, posits
分布：假定(66%)，安置(34%)
→来自拉丁语positus,放置的，来自ponere的过去分词，词源同component,composite.引申词义假定，假设。
【记】pos＝pose放，it他：把他放在这里－安置
【参】positive（adj 肯定的；积极的；确实的）
【反】deny as false（否认为假）
US ['pɑ:.zɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to suggest something as a basic fact or principle from which a further idea is formed or developed 假想，设想
• [+ that] If we posit that wage rises cause inflation, it follows that we should try to minimize them. 如果我们假设工资上涨会导致通货膨胀的话，那么我们应该尽可能地减小工资上涨的幅度。
vt. 安置；假定
 - establish, put, station, bed, plant
n. 假设；设想
 - conception, hypothesis, if, assumption

Word: ordinarily
Front: ordinarily
[ˈɔ:dnrəli] (六 9387/11969 -1)
Back: adv. 平常地; 通常地; 一般地; 按说
分布：一般地(60%)，通常(40%)
→来自ordinary,普通的。
US ['ɔ:r.dən.er-] adverb
■usually 通常地；普通地；一般地
• Ordinarily, we send a reminder about a month before payment is required. 通常，我们会在要求付款的前一个月左右寄出一份通知单。
adv. 通常地；一般地
 - commonly, normally, currently, generally

Word: tenor
Front: tenor
[ˈtenə(r)] (宝 9386/9599 -1)
Vocabulary: tenor
(once / 794 pages)
1nadj 2n
Think of a tenor as a tone — in music, it's the range between baritone and alto in the human voice or in an instrument such as a tenor saxophone. It also is the "tone" or meaning of a spoken comment.
The meaning of the Latin word tenere, was "to hold to a course." Then the Old French took the word tenour in the 14th Century, giving it the meaning of “sense,” or a general feeling of a comment. But that same century, the original meaning resurfaced when the word entered the musical lexicon as the Italian tenore, or tenor, the name given to the high male voice because that was the voice that carried, or “held on to” the melody.
WORD FAMILY
tenor: countertenor, tenorist, tenors+/countertenor: countertenors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jokes about tenors or recitatives, for instance, playfully turn the spotlight on the conventions of the genre.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But there’s nothing dated about its sound here, especially as Mr. Harper tears into a tenor saxophone solo, around the five-minute mark.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For Mr. Mekas, the tenor of 2016 carried echoes of his early years, when he experienced both displacement and the rise of totalitarian regimes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 稳定的进程; 要旨; 男高音; 票据的限期
adj. 男高音的
分布：男高音(77%)，大意(7%)，男高音的(6%)，要旨(6%)，次中音乐器(2%)，常规(2%)
→ten-,持有，保持，维持，-or,人。用于指保持某一音域的人，引申词义男高音，男高音歌手。
【记】ten拿，or－要拿住的东西－要点ten拿，or－拿住高音的人－男高音
US [-ɚ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable
■a male singer with a high voice, or (especially in combinations) a musical instrument which has the same range of notes as the tenor singing voice 男高音（歌手）；次中音（乐器）
• a tenor saxophone 次中音萨克斯管
UK ['ten.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
CHARACTER 特征
uncountable formal
■the general meaning, character or pattern of something 大意；要旨；基调
• What was the general tenor of his speech? 他演讲的主旨是甚么？
n. 男高音；要旨，大意； [金融] 票据的限期；稳定的进程
 - general idea, main points

Word: flavor
Front: flavor
['fleɪvə] (研托 3118/-)
Vocabulary: flavor
(once / 537 pages)
1nv 2n
Flavor is the way something tastes. If an ice cream shop offers 50 flavors, each one of them will taste different.
The flavor of your soup can be adjusted by adding salt — and when you add ingredients to change a food's taste, you can say you flavor it. From the flavor of food comes the sense of flavor meaning "atmosphere" or "feeling." You could say, for example, that you're not crazy about a particular clothing shop because it has such a glitzy, expensive flavor. Flavor initially meant "smell," from the Vulgar Latin flator, "odor."
WORD FAMILY
flavor: flavored, flavorer, flavorful, flavoring, flavorless, flavorous, flavors, flavorsome+/flavored: nonflavored, unflavored/flavorer: flavorers/flavorful: flavorfully/flavoring: flavorings/flavorless: flavorlessness/flavorsome: flavorsomely, flavorsomeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One such advertisement declared unagi “the irresistible flavor of summer.”
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Flavor Flav, whose son attended the school, showed up to watch.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is vegan, and it tastes like tapioca flavored with coconut.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 味; 韵味; 特点; 香料
vt. 给…调味; 给…增添风趣
时态：flavored, flavoring, flavors
分布：风味(87%)，风格(7%)，调味品(3%)，给...添加情趣(1%)，加调料于...(1%)，特殊的滋味(1%)
n.(flavour)情味;风味;滋味v.给...调味A year ago I could go without the foregoing favorite flavor.一年前没有先前最喜爱的风味我也能过.
n. 情味，风味；香料；滋味
 - sapor, palatability

Word: platoon
Front: platoon
[pləˈtu:n] (9393/13114 -1)
Vocabulary: platoon
(once / 1657 pages)
n
A platoon is a military unit made up of squads. If you’re in a war zone, you might see a platoon of soldiers guarding a checkpoint.
Military branches such as the army, navy, air force, or marines are broken down into smaller groups. One is a platoon, which is part of a company and made up of squads. A platoon usually has its own headquarters and is under the command of a lieutenant. In a war, platoons will be stationed in places according to strategy — the platoon might be attacking or defending. Platoon (1986) is also the name of a war movie about Vietnam.
WORD FAMILY
platoon: platoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
As his platoon readied for combat, its commander, Second Lt.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In his spare time, he redecorated the platoon’s barracks.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Michigan is also allowing more extensive testing of autonomous trucks traveling in groups or platoons.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. <军>排，团; 一群，一组; 〈美〉警察队
分布：排(91%)，团(4%)，一组(3%)，在同一位置使用交替(1%)，交替(1%)
→来自法语peloton,排，一群人，来自古法语pelote,球，词源同pill,pellet.-on,小词后缀。
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of about 10 or 12 soldiers, with a lieutenant in charge of it （军队的）排
n. 排，团；一组
 - row, rank, range, line, mass

Word: placebo
Front: placebo
[pləˈsi:bəʊ] (宝 9399/10927 -1)
Vocabulary: placebo
(once / 6301 pages)
1n 2n
A patient's symptoms sometimes disappear just because they believe that they are being treated. Even when doctors give them a biologically inactive drug, otherwise known as a placebo, the patients swear they are cured.
In clinical drug-trials, to rule out what is called the placebo effect, scientists give half of the trial participants a placebo. If a government replaces food stamps with a coloring book give-away, it might be dismissed by child advocates as nothing more than a placebo. Placēbō is Latin for "I'll please (you)," in other words, I'll keep you happy, even though I'm just giving you a placebo.
WORD FAMILY
placebo: placebos
USAGE EXAMPLES
None of the babies that received a placebo did.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some show symptom improvement; others show the treatment is no better than placebo.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
For certain ailments, so many people respond so strongly to placebos that it’s impossible to tell if the drug being tested is working or not.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 安慰剂; 宽心话; 为死者所诵的晚祷词; （试验药物用的）无效对照剂
分布：安慰剂(99%)，安慰话(1%)
→来自拉丁语placate,安抚，安慰，-bo,将来指示格，词源同gazebo.
安慰药(plac+ebo药品→平静的药→安慰药)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
【记】place平静，安慰，bo剂－安慰剂
US [-boʊ] (plural placebos)
noun countable
■a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make them feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others 安慰剂
• She was only given a placebo, but she claimed she got better - that's the placebo effect. 她只是服用了安慰剂，但她说好一些了——这就是“宽心药效”。
■something that is given to try to satisfy a person who has not been given the thing they really want 使人宽慰的事；安抚话
• These small concessions have been made as a placebo to stop the workers making further demands. 这些小让步就像安慰剂一样，可以避免工人提出更多的要求。

Word: shady
Front: shady
[ˈʃeɪdi] (研四六 9404/11536 -1)
Vocabulary: shady
(once / 861 pages)
adj
Any place that's protected from the glare and heat of the sun is shady, as in a "shady nook." But as its darkened nature implies, shady has the equally popular meaning of "suspicious, dangerous, or deceitful." A "shady character" is up to no good.
The metaphorical meaning of shady has long been embraced by slang. Since at least the 1950's, the phrase "got it made in the shade" means having a great and easy life or job (picture eastern sultans being shaded by servants holding giant leaves). The rap sultan Eminem calls his evil alter-ego "Slim Shady," conjuring up a devilish suggestion of the Prince of Darkness himself — someone who definitely lives in a shady neighborhood.
WORD FAMILY
shady: shadier, shadiest, shadily, shadiness+/shade: shaded, shadeed, shades, shading, shady /shaded: unshaded/shading: shadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When White’s role in the swearing-in ceremony was reported Wednesday, the Daily Beast said in a headline, “Shady Pastor to Pray With Trump at Inauguration.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
If this sounds shady to you, then you’re not alone.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
That may be because they're most likely to find it in permanently shady craters at the poles, a difficult place for solar-powered rovers to reach.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 背阴的; 隐蔽的; 名声不好的; 可疑的
级别：shadier, shadiest
分布：荫凉的(53%)，可疑的(47%)
a.成荫的,多荫的;可疑的,靠不住的It's cool and shady under the tree.在树下很阴凉.
adjective
SLIGHT DARKNESS 昏暗
■sheltered from direct light from the sun 阴凉的；阴暗的
• We sat on the shady grass for our picnic. 我们坐在阴凉的草地上野餐。
['ʃeɪ.di] adjective
DISHONEST 不老实的 informal
■dishonest or illegal 不老实的；不正当的；非法的
• They know some very shady characters. 他们认识一些行为非常可疑的人物。
• He was involved in shady deals in the past. 过去他参与了一些不可告人的勾当。
adj. 成荫的；阴暗的；名声不好的
 - umbriferous, dull

Word: losing
Front: losing
['lu:zɪŋ] (9405/14228)
Back: adj. 失败的，输的
n. 失败，损失
v. 遗失，失去( lose的现在分词 ); （使）失去（所需要的东西，尤指钱）; （因事故、年老、死亡等）损失; 浪费
分布：损失(39%)，失败(34%)，失败的(18%)，输的(7%)，动词lose的现在分词形式.(2%)
VERB
输掉（比赛、战斗、争论等）
If you lose a contest, a fight, or an argument, you do not succeed because someone does better than you and defeats you.
例：A C Milan lost the Italian Cup Final...AC米兰队输掉了意大利杯决赛。
例：The government lost the argument over the pace of reform...政府在有关改革步调快慢的争论中是输家。
VERB
遗失；丢失
If you lose something, you do not know where it is, for example because you have forgotten where you put it.
例：I lost my keys...我把钥匙丢了。
例：I had to go back for my checkup; they'd lost my X-rays.我得回去再做一次体检。他们把我的X光片弄丢了。
VERB
（因被夺走或遭损坏而）丧失，失去
You say that you lose something when you no longer have it because it has been taken away from you or destroyed.
例：I lost my job when the company moved to another state...公司搬到了另一个州，我便失业了。
例：He lost his licence for six months...他被吊销执照半年。
VERB
丧失，失去（某一特性、特点、态度或信念）
If someone loses a quality, characteristic, attitude, or belief, they no longer have it.
例：He lost all sense of reason...他完全丧失了理智。
例：The government had lost all credibility...政府的诚信丧失殆尽。
VERB
（因意外等）丧失，失去（某种能力）
If you lose an ability, you stop having that ability because of something such as an accident.
例：They lost their ability to hear...他们失去了听觉。
例：He had lost the use of his legs.他双腿的功能已经丧失。
VERB
散失（热量）
If someone or something loses heat, their temperature becomes lower.
例：Babies lose heat much faster than adults...婴儿散失热量较成人快很多。
例：A lot of body heat is lost through the scalp.大量体热通过头皮散失。
VERB
损失（血或体液）
If you lose blood or fluid from your body, it leaves your body so that you have less of it.
例：The victim suffered a dreadful injury and lost a lot of blood...受害者受了重伤，大量失血。
例：During fever a large quantity of fluid is lost in perspiration.发烧时，大量水分会通过排汗而丧失。
VERB
减轻（体重）
If you lose weight, you become less heavy, and usually look thinner.
例：I have lost a lot of weight...我体重减了不少。
例：Martha was able to lose 25 pounds.玛莎减掉了25磅。
VERB
（因手术或意外）丧失，失去（身体部位）
If you lose a part of your body, it is cut off in an operation or in an accident.
例：He lost a foot when he was struck by a train.他给火车撞伤，失去了一只脚。
VERB
丧失，失去（生命）
If someone loses their life, they die.
例：...the ferry disaster in 1987, in which 192 people lost their lives...1987年那场致使192人丧命的渡轮灾难
例：Hundreds of lives were lost in fighting.数以百计的人在战斗中丧生。
VERB
丧失，失去（亲人或朋友）
If you lose a close relative or friend, they die.
例：My Grandma lost her brother in the war.我祖母在那场战争中失去了兄弟。
VERB
（灾难）损毁，毁灭
If things are lost, they are destroyed in a disaster.
例：...the famous Nankin pottery that was lost in a shipwreck off the coast of China.在中国沿海的一场海难中损毁的著名白底青花瓷
VERB
错过，浪费（时间）
If you lose time, something slows you down so that you do not make as much progress as you hoped.
例：They claim that police lost valuable time in the early part of the investigation...他们声称警方在调查之初错过了宝贵的时间。
例：Six hours were lost in all.一共浪费了6个小时。
VERB
错过，浪费（机会）
If you lose an opportunity, you do not take advantage of it.
例：If you don't do it soon you're going to lose the opportunity...不赶紧行动就没机会了。
例：They did not lose the opportunity to say what they thought of events.他们不失时机地表达了自己对事件的看法。
VERB
使专注（于）；使沉湎（于）
If you lose yourself in something or if you are lost in it, you give a lot of attention to it and do not think about anything else.
例：Michael held on to her arm, losing himself in the music...迈克尔抓着她的手臂，沉醉于音乐中。
例：He was lost in the contemplation of the landscape.他对着眼前的景色沉思起来。
VERB
亏损
If a business loses money, it earns less money than it spends, and is therefore in debt.
例：His shops stand to lose millions of pounds...他的店铺很可能会损失数百万英镑。
例：$1 billion a year may be lost.每年可能损失10亿美元。
VERB
使失败；使失去
If something loses you a contest or loses you something that you had, it causes you to fail or to no longer have what you had.
例：My own stupidity lost me the match...是我自己的愚蠢使我输掉了那场比赛。
例：His economic mismanagement has lost him the support of the general public.他对经济的管理不善使他失去了广大民众的支持。
PHRASE
（表示在不成功的情况下）不会损失什么/将会损失惨重
If you say that you have nothing to lose, you mean that you will not suffer if your action is unsuccessful. If you say that you have much to lose, you mean that you may suffer if your action is unsuccessful.
例：They say they have nothing to lose and will continue protesting until the government vetos the agreement...他们说自己是死猪不怕开水烫，将会继续抗议直到政府否决该协议为止。
例：Both countries have much to lose if there is a war.若战事一起，两国均会损失惨重。
PHRASE
大发雷霆；未能控制怒火（或情绪）
If someone loses it, they become extremely angry or upset.
例：I completely lost it. I went mad, berserk.我火冒三丈，发了疯似的。
PHRASE
发疯；精神失常
If you say that someone is losing it, you mean that they are becoming crazy.
例：I'm afraid he's really lost it.我想他是真的发疯了。
PHRASE
抓住任何机会
If you say that someone loses no opportunity to do or say a particular thing, you are emphasizing that they do it or say it whenever it is possible.
例：The President has lost no opportunity to capitalise on his new position...总统抓住一切机会，大肆利用自己的新职位。
例：He said some sections of the press had lost no opportunity to create the impression that she was guilty.他说新闻界有部分人不放过任何机会，力图制造她有罪的印象。
PHRASE
不浪费时间；赶紧；马上
If you say that someone loses no time in doing something, you are emphasizing that they act quickly in order to benefit from a situation.
例：Officials have lost no time in expressing their concern and grief over this incident...众官员第一时间表达了他们对这一事件的关切和悲伤。
例：Francine lost no time in defending herself.弗朗辛立即为自己辩护。
PHRASE
迷路；迷失方向
If you lose your way, you become lost when you are trying to go somewhere.
例：The men lost their way in a sandstorm.这些士兵在沙暴中迷了路。
PHRASE
失去目标
If you say that someone loses their way, you think they no longer have a clear idea of what they want to do or achieve.
例：For a while the artist completely lost his way. The famous humour gave way to sentimental nonsense...有一阵子这位艺术家完全迷失了方向，其出了名的幽默风趣被伤感而煽情的不知所云取而代之。
例：If we cannot understand that there's an issue of principle here, then we have lost our way.如果我们看不到这里的原则问题的话，那么我们已经迷失方向了。
n. 损失；失败
 - failure, expense, loss, defeat, reverse
adj. 输的；失败的；导致失败的
 - unsuccessful, abortive
v. 失去；损失（lose的ing形式）；错过
 - missing

Word: ruthless
Front: ruthless
[ˈru:θləs] (研六托雅 9398/7587 -2)
Vocabulary: ruthless
(once / 798 pages)
adj
Ruthless means showing no mercy or compassion. If you really want to cut down on the clutter in your apartment, you can't be sentimental about keepsakes. You have to be ruthless and throw out everything that's not absolutely essential.
If you're ruthless, you're the polar opposite of Mother Theresa. You get called heartless and cold-blooded. That's one of the reasons the word crops up so often to describe dictators and tyrants, though it can also apply to other personality types — like corporate raiders and colleagues so success-driven that they'll gladly steamroll anyone to get ahead. It finds its way into milder contexts, too: Just be ruthless and rip off the Band-Aid already!
WORD FAMILY
ruthless: ruthlessly, ruthlessness +/ruth: ruthful, ruthless /ruthful: ruthfully, ruthfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Shake with your right hand, but hold a rock with your left," says Frank Underwood, the ruthless US president in the TV series.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
"This was another chapter in the silent and ruthless war of drug trafficking," state public security secretary, Sergio Fontes, told journalists.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
"This was another chapter in the silent and ruthless war of drug trafficking," he said.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 无情的，冷酷的; 残忍的; 狠; 辣
分布：无情的(72%)，残忍的(28%)
→ruth,怜悯，悲哀，-less,无，没有。
a.残酷的,无情的The boss was ruthless about my mistakes.老板对我的错误毫不留情.
【记】ru如，th死，less不：如果你死了，我也不怜悯－无情的
adjective
■not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others; cruel 无情的；冷酷的；残忍的
• ruthless ambition 冷酷无情的野心
• a ruthless dictator 残忍的独裁者
• Some people believe that to succeed in this world you have to be ruthless. 有些人认为，在这个世界上要想成功必须冷酷无情。
brutal, ruthless, savage, fierce, inhuman, barbarous, cruel
这组词都有“残忍的”的意思，其区别是：
brutal: 指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。
ruthless: 与cruel同义。强调为达到目的，对别人的痛苦毫无怜悯之心。
savage: 指缺乏文明人应有的教养，尤指在动怒或冲动时表现出的粗野蛮横，含野蛮意味。
fierce: 指天性凶恶，令人害怕。
inhuman: 着重缺乏同情心、仁爱等人类特有的良好的品质。
barbarous: 专指只有原始或未开化的人才会有的残忍行为。
cruel: 一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
adj. 无情的，残忍的
 - cruel, relentless

Word: magician
Front: magician
[məˈdʒɪʃn] (六托 9416/11765 -1)
Vocabulary: magician
(once / 839 pages)
n
A magician does magic tricks. You might hire a magician to pull rabbits out of hats and do card tricks at your next birthday party.
A performer whose specialty is sleight-of-hand and other illusions is one kind of magician. Another magician is the kind who makes real magic, casting spells and summoning spirits. More people believe in the first kind of magician — who is simply pretending to do magic — than the second. The word stems from the Old French magiciien, "magician or sorcerer," which is rooted in the Greek word for "magical," magikos.
WORD FAMILY
magician: magicians+/ magic: magical, magician, magics/ magical: magically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
When he became a magician, Houdini started to call himself Harry Houdini after the French magician Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Will somebody remind me to talk about The Magicians?
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 魔术师; 巫师; 变戏法的人
分布：魔术师(97%)，术士(3%)
→来自magic,魔术，魔力。
noun countable
■a person who has magic powers in stories, or who performs tricks for entertainment 巫师，魔法师；魔术师
• Merlin was the magician in the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. 梅林是“亚瑟王与圆桌武士”故事中的巫师。
• There'll be a magician at the kids' Christmas party. 孩子的圣诞聚会上会有一位魔术师。
n. 魔术师，变戏法的人
 - conjuror, sorcerer

Word: waver
Front: waver
[ˈweɪvə(r)] (六托雅宝 9407/11436 -1)
Vocabulary: waver
(once / 500 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To waver is to move back and forth, like when you waver, one minute thinking you'll stay home, planning to go meet your friends the next, until you finally make your decision.
Waver comes from the Old English word wæfre, which means “restless.” When the wind blows, it makes the leaves and flowers waver, or move, in that same direction. A person who wavers is much the same — affected by any influence or change. He or she isn't sure what to do or may be too shy to express a preference until time is just about up and a decision must be made.
WORD FAMILY
waver: wavered, waverer, wavering, wavers+/ microwave: microwaved, microwaves, microwaving/ unwavering: unwaveringly/ wave: microwave, waved, wavelet, wavelike, waver, waves, waving, wavy/wavelet: wavelets/waverer: waverers/wavering: unwavering, waveringly, waverings/waving: wavings/wavy: wavier, wavily, waviness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stocks are wavering between small gains and losses in early trading on Wall Street on the last day of trading for the year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Stocks are wavering between small gains and losses in early trading on Wall Street on the last day of trading for the year.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Hillary, in lockstep with Bill, lobbied wavering Democrats.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 摇摆; 踌躇; 动摇
n. 动摇; 犹豫; 挥动者
时态：wavered, wavering, wavers
分布：动摇(60%)，踌躇(12%)，摇曳(9%)，犹豫(8%)，挥动者(5%)，颤抖(5%)，烫发器(1%)
→来自wave,水波，波浪，引申词义动摇，摇摆。
摆动(wave波动)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US [-vɚ] verb intransitive
■to lose strength, determination or purpose, especially temporarily （尤指暂时地）动摇
• I'm afraid my concentration began to waver as lunch approached. 恐怕我的注意力在临近午饭时要开始下降了。
• He has never wavered in his support for the leader. 他对那位领袖的支持从未动摇过。
■If you waver between two possibilities, you cannot decide which of them to choose or you keep choosing one way and then the other （在两个选择之间）踌躇，犹豫不决
• "What are you having?" "Er, I'm wavering between the fish soup and the mushroom tart." “你要吃甚么？”“哦，我正在犹豫是喝鱼汤还是吃蘑菇馅饼。”
hesitate, waver
这组词都有“犹豫，踌躇”的意思，其区别是：
hesitate: 普通用词，一般指在决定干什么，选择什么或说什么等行动之前犹豫不决。
waver: 指因优柔寡断而迟迟不见行动，或虽作出决定，伸行动上却犹豫不决，因此含畏缩不前之意。
vi. 摇曳；踌躇；摆动
 - hesitate, crane
n. 动摇；踌躇；挥动者
 - rolling, labefaction

Word: emptiness
Front: emptiness
[ˈemptinəs] (9389/11876 -1)
Vocabulary: emptiness
(once / 1922 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Has your girlfriend left you? Your boss fired you and your dog run away from home? Then you're probably feeling a state of emptiness, a condition of meaninglessness or futility. Cheer up, you could try writing a country music song.
Although the emotional sense of emptiness is the most common, it can also mean a literal state of physical emptiness -— as in "the emptiness of space." Either way, emptiness might seem like a pretty bad thing, but consider the Bhuddist understanding of the term, for whom emptiness is in fact the ultimate virtue: “Emptiness which is conceptually liable to be mistaken for sheer nothingness is in fact the reservoir of infinite possibilities,” said the famous Japanese teacher, D. T. Suzuki.
WORD FAMILY
emptiness: emptinesses+/ empty: emptied, emptier, empties, emptiest, emptily, emptiness, emptying/emptying: emptyings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"I've seen from the inside the emptiness of our system," he said when announcing his candidacy.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Before Pilate, Jesus exposes the emptiness of earthly authority.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
That emptiness is filled with public language or romanticized connections.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 空虚; 空腹; 无知; 无能
分布：空虚(90%)，空旷(7%)，空地(3%)
空洞(empty空的)[-ness表名词"性质,状态,"通常加在形容词后面]
noun uncountable
EMPTY SPACE 空旷
■empty space 空无一物；空旷
• He gazed out over the emptiness of the moors. 他凝视着远处空旷的荒野。
['emp.tɪ.nəs] noun uncountable
NOT SINCERE 不真诚的，不诚恳的
■when something is not sincere or has no real meaning 不真诚，无真实含义
• the emptiness of these political gestures 这些政治姿态并不诚恳
['emp.tɪ.nəs] noun uncountable
SAD FEELING 忧愁
■a sad feeling of having no emotion or purpose 空虚感
• I was left with a horrible feeling of emptiness. 我的内心被一种可怕的空虚感所占据。
n. [计] 空虚；无知
 - darkness, ignorance, blank

Word: Egyptian
Front: Egyptian
[ɪ'dʒɪpʃ(ə)n] (高六雅 5515/5710)
Back: n. 埃及人；古代埃及语
adj. 埃及的；埃及人的
分布：埃及的(50%)，埃及人(40%)，埃及人的(10%)
埃及的[-ian 1.表名词"某种人"2.表形容词"…国家的"]
adjective]ɪˈdʒɪp.ʃən/
■from, belonging to or relating to Egypt 来自埃及的；埃及的；与埃及有关的
• Egyptian art 埃及艺术
noun countable /ɪˈdʒɪp.ʃən/
■a person from Egypt 埃及人

Word: carcass
Front: carcass
[ˈkɑ:kəs] (托 9410/12002 -1)
Vocabulary: carcass
(once / 1316 pages)
n
In the aftermath of Thanksgiving, after turkey sandwiches and turkey noodle soup and picking all the meat off, you're left with nothing more than turkey bones — or the carcass of your holiday bird.
The gruesome word carcass is often used to describe the remains of a dead animal, especially one that's been slaughtered for food. But if that makes you squeamish, you can think of carcasses in a more figurative light, because a carcass could also mean "the inner structure of something." The carcass of an old burned out building, for example, refers to its remaining walls and beams. Or think of the carcass of the couch, its inner foundation, which is supporting your rear right now.
WORD FAMILY
carcass: carcasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vulture 'restaurants' across southern Europe are serving up carcasses in an attempt to rescue these endangered birds.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
It was one of two bald eagles that suffered pentobarbital poisoning after scavenging a deer carcass.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
He’s under the impression that the occasional chicken carcass is enough; that anything else will “spoil” Carol, will, in fact, endanger her.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （人或动物的）尸体; （家畜屠宰后的）躯体; 骨架，遗骸、残迹等
分布：尸体(71%)，残骸(19%)，骨架(10%)
→来自词根carn, 肉，见carnivorous.
尸体;残骸[carn=flesh,表示"肉,肉欲"]
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
■the body of a dead animal, especially a large one that is soon to be cut up as meat or eaten by wild animals （尤指大型动物的）尸体；（供野生动物食用的）畜体
• Vultures flew around in the sky waiting to pick at the rotting carcass of the deer. 秃鹰在天空盘旋等待着啄食鹿的渐渐腐烂的尸体。
• slang Move your great carcass (= your body) out of that chair! 把你庞大的身躯从那把椅子上移开！
■the frame of an old or broken object, car, ship, etc. （破旧物品、汽车、船等的）残骸，骨架
• Carcasses of burnt-out vehicles lined the roads near the scene of the worst fighting. 在战斗最激烈的地点附近，道路两旁排列着被烧毁的汽车残骸。
n. （人或动物的）尸体；残骸；（除脏去头备食用的）畜体
 - remain, debris, corpse, lich

Word: cripple
Front: cripple
[ˈkrɪpl] (研四六托雅宝 9401/11135 -2)
Vocabulary: cripple
(once / 506 pages)
vn
To cripple is to leave someone unable to walk. Terrible car accidents, for example, can sometimes cripple their victims.
Use the verb cripple to describe what is done to a person whose legs are so badly injured that they can't be used. You can also use the word in a figurative way, as when a parent's criticism and high expectations cripple a child's self esteem. In other words, they take away his strength and make him feel useless and unsuccessful. In the thirteenth century, cripple meant "to move slowly," from the Old English root crypel, "to bend."
WORD FAMILY
cripple: crippled, cripples, crippling+/crippling: cripplingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The prosecutors we see now,” he wrote on his Facebook page, “are nothing more or less than a pack of hyenas attacking a crippled lion.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Online sign-ups for his health care law were crippled by massive technical issues, resulting in one of the most embarrassing episodes of his presidency.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The past year was the year of “Crippled America,” the title of our new president-elect’s book.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使跛; 受伤致残; 严重削弱; 使陷于瘫痪
n. 跛子，瘸子; 瘫子，残疾; <美方>杂木丛生的沼地; 脚蹬
时态：crippled, crippling, cripples
分布：削弱(77%)，残废(17%)，跛者(3%)，使...瘫痪(3%)
→词源同creep.
n.跛子,残疾人v.使跛,使残疾The cripple dipped the whip tip into the chip solution nearby his hip.跛子将鞭子末端浸入他臀部旁边的芯片溶液中.
【记】creep（v 爬）－爬的人－瘸子cr哭，ipple＝apple：一脚踩到了苹果上，然后就哭了，那还用问吗？肯定是瘸了！
noun countable offensive old-fashioned
■a person who cannot use their arms or legs in a normal way 手臂残废者；瘸子，跛子
emotional cripple informal
■someone who finds it difficult to have or express feelings 感情残废者，感情有缺陷的人
['krɪp.l] verb transitive
■to injure someone so that they are unable to walk or move in a normal way 使受伤致残；使跛
■to cause serious damage to someone or something, making them weak and not effective 严重损坏；严重削弱
• a country crippled by war 因战争而元气大伤的国家
cripple, lame
这组词都有“使跛，使残废”的意思，其区别是：
cripple: 正式用词，语气较强。多指因伤、体弱或疾病等所导致的永久性残废，常为肢体不全，行走不便，甚至移动身体也困难。
lame: 普通用词，指因受伤或本身的生理缺陷而使人的身体致残，着重行走时的不便。
vt. 削弱；使跛； [医] 使残废
 - break, to weaken
n. [医] 跛子；残废
 - disablement, lameness
adj. 跛的； [医] 残废的
 - disabled, spavined

Word: outlaw
Front: outlaw
[ˈaʊtlɔ:] (六雅 9400/11979 -2)
Vocabulary: outlaw
(once / 585 pages)
nvadj
An outlaw is a criminal who's on the run. Historically, the word outlaw was used for Western criminals like Billy the Kid or Jesse James, not so much for contemporary drug lords or serial killers.
Because they didn't need to be arrested by a police officer or other official, pursuing outlaws was once a way to earn reward money. The outlaw figure became popular due to the almost romantic image of nonconformity they had — outlaws are common characters in Western books and movies. You can also use outlaw to mean "ban or make illegal." If you had your way, you might outlaw spinach, long lines, and stinky perfume.
WORD FAMILY
outlaw: outlawed, outlawing, outlawry, outlaws+/outlawry: outlawries
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the monarchy in neighbouring Thailand is protected by a lese majeste law that outlaws any criticism, there is no similar law in Cambodia.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The title of the first, by Ava DuVernay, refers to the 13th amendment to the constitution, which outlaws slavery in the US.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 歹徒，亡命之徒; 逃犯; 被剥夺法律保护者，丧失公权者; 烈马
vt. 宣布…为不合法; 将…放逐; 剥夺…的法律保护
时态：outlawed, outlawing, outlaws
分布：逃犯(44%)，被剥夺法律保护的人(24%)，宣告非法(8%)，将 ... 逐出社会(8%)，反叛者(8%)，使 ... 失去法律保护(8%)
→out-,超过，law,法律。即超过法律允许的范围，非法。
歹徒(out+law法律→超越法律之人)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
US [-lɑ:] noun countable
■(especially in the past) a person who has broken the law and who lives separately from the other parts of society because they want to escape legal punishment （尤指旧时的）不法之徒，草寇
• Robin Hood was an outlaw who lived in the forest and stole from the rich to give to the poor. 罗宾汉是个劫富济贫的绿林好汉。
UK ['aʊt.lɔ:] US [-lɑ:] verb transitive
■to make something illegal or unacceptable 使成为非法；禁止；取缔
• The new law will outlaw smoking in public places. 新法律将禁止在公共场所吸烟。
n. 歹徒；罪犯；亡命之徒；被剥夺法律保护者
 - gangster, plug-ugly

Word: state-of-the-art
Front: state-of-the-art
[s'teɪt'əvðə'ɑ:t] (-1)
Back: adj. 使用最先进技术的; 体现最高水平的
分布：最新式的(50%)，顶尖水准的(25%)，使用了最先进技术的(25%)
adjective
■very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods 十分先进的；应用最新理念（或方法）的
• a state-of-the-art computer 最先进的电脑
• The control panel uses all the newest technology and is considered state-of-the-art. 控制板应用了所有最新技术，被认为是最先进的。

Word: ecstasy
Front: ecstasy
[ˈekstəsi] (托宝 9422/8057 -1)
Vocabulary: ecstasy
(once / 484 pages)
1n 2n
If you’ve ever been so happy that the rest of the world seemed to disappear, you’ve felt ecstasy — a feeling or state of intensely beautiful bliss.
Ecstasy will make you want to write poetry. It happened to John Donne, whose poem “The Ecstasy” is about the feeling of the whole world vanishing when he looks into his lover’s eyes. Sometimes artists see an epic landscapes that caused such ecstasy that they had to turn it into a painting. Ecstasy can mean a feeling or it can also be a state of being, so you might say, “I’m in ecstasy because this pumpkin pie tastes so delicious!”
WORD FAMILY
ecstasy: ecstasies, ecstatic +/ ecstatic: ecstatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Tuesday, the regulatory body gave the green light for a phase III trial of another contentious drug: using ecstasy to treat post-traumatic stress disorder.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
This week, the Food and Drug Administration approved a large-scale trial investigating MDMA, the illegal party drug better known as Ecstasy, for post-traumatic stress disorder.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
San Bernardino County coroner’s officials announced Wednesday that the three accidentally overdosed on the drug Ecstasy.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 狂喜; 出神，忘形; 无法自控的情绪; 迷幻药
分布：狂喜(57%)，摇头丸(29%)，入迷(14%)
→ec-, 向外。-st, 站。比喻义，偏离原地的，灵魂出窍的。
【记】ec出，stasy站一高兴得站立出来一狂喜
【参】statue（n 雕像）；stasis（n 停滞）；ecstatic（n 狂喜的人adj 狂喜的）
【反】ecstatic（adj 狂喜的）－persevered（adj 自制的）
noun
EMOTION 情感
countable or uncountable
■a state of extreme happiness, especially when feeling pleasure 狂喜，欣喜若狂
• She threw her head back as if in ecstasy. 她仰着头，一副飘飘欲仙的样子。
• sexual ecstasy 性快感
['ek.stə.si] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable (abbreviation E)
■a powerful drug which makes you feel very active and can cause you to hallucinate (= see or hear things that do not exist) 摇头丸
['ek.stə.si] noun
be/go into ecstasies about/over sth informal
■to be or become very excited about something 痴迷于；陶醉于；对…异常狂热
• She went into ecstasies about the food there. 那里的饭菜她吃上了瘾。
n. 狂喜；入迷；忘形
 - transport, extasy

Word: radius
Front: radius
[ˈreɪdiəs] (研四六托雅宝 9413/7090 -1)
Vocabulary: radius
(once / 1887 pages)
1n 2n
If you're a detective working a crime investigation, you might be told to "search over a one-mile radius," meaning, scope out everything that's within one mile of the crime scene.
The radius of a circle is the distance from its center to the circumference, and if you are working on your geometry homework, or designing anything circular, you'll be writing down a little "r" quite frequently, to stand for "radius." It's also the name of one of the bones in your forearm.
WORD FAMILY
radius: radii, radiuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But bubbles with a radius of 1.7mm across resulted in the highest number of droplets evaporating at the surface of the drink.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
I’ve got three of my favorite cinemas in that radius.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A mainstay of the industry, the business involves delivering gas by truck to customers within a radius of a few hundred miles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 半径（距离）; 用半径度量的圆形面积; 半径范围; 桡骨
分布：半径(81%)，桡骨(15%)，半径范围(3%)，辐射区(1%)
→rad-,半径，根，-us,阳性格。
n.半径,半径范围,有效航程,范围,界限The radiation radius of the radioactive radium radiator in the stadium is variable.放射性的镭暖气装置的辐射半径在体育场是易变的.
【记】源于：radiate（v 放射）从圆心放射出去的线－radius
['reɪ.di.əs] (plural radii)
noun countable
DISTANCE 长度
■(the length of) a straight line joining the centre of a circle to its edge or the centre of a sphere to its surface （圆或球体的）半径，半径长度
• The radius of this wheel is 30 cm. 这个轮子的半径是30厘米。
• This wheel has a radius of 30 cm. 这个轮子的半径是30厘米。
■a distance 半径距离；半径范围；周围
• The station, shopping centre and school lie within a one-mile radius of the house. 车站、购物中心和学校都在距这所房子一英里的范围之内。
['reɪ.di.əs] (plural radii)
noun countable
BONE 骨 specialized
■the thicker of the two bones in the lower arm 桡骨
n. [数] 半径，半径范围； [解剖] 桡骨；辐射光线；有效航程
 - semidiameter

Word: footing
Front: footing
[ˈfʊtɪŋ] (9406/9466 -1)
Back: n. 立场，基础; 关系，交情; 立足点
分布：基础(60%)，立足点(22%)，关系(11%)，立场(6%)，动词foot的现在分词形式.(1%)
→来自foot, 脚，站立。
立足点(foot足)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
US ['fʊtˌ-] noun only singular
FEET 脚
■when you are standing firmly on a slope or other dangerous surface 站稳
• I lost/missed my footing and fell. 我脚没站稳，跌倒了。
• It was a struggle just to keep my footing. 我挣扎着想要站稳。
UK ['fʊt.ɪŋ] US ['fʊtˌ-] noun only singular
SITUATION 境况
■the way in which something operates and the set of conditions that influences it 立足点；地位
• The council wants to put the bus service on a commercial footing. 市政会想把公车服务转为商业运作。
be on an equal/firm, etc. footing
■to be in an equal, safe, etc. situation 在平等／稳固等的情形下
• Men and women ought to be able to compete for jobs on an equal footing. 男性和女性应该在平等的基础上竞争工作岗位。
n. 基础；立足处；社会关系； [会计] 合计
 - elements, basis, foundation, base, bed
v. 步行；在…上行走；总计（foot的ing形式）
 - walking, totaling

Word: prophecy
Front: prophecy
[ˈprɒfəsi] (六雅宝 9417/9814 -1)
Vocabulary: prophecy
(once / 402 pages)
n
If a fortune teller made a prophecy that you were going to become a billionaire in your lifetime, you'd be pretty excited. A prophecy is a prediction, or a magical look into the future.
The noun prophecy means a magical foreknowledge, although it can also be used in a playful way to describe an ordinary guess or prediction about the future. So you could say, "Her prophecy for the weather next week is incredibly depressing." The word comes from the Greek prophetia — literally, "gift of interpreting the will of the gods". The verb form is prophesy, or predict, and it's spelled with an s instead of a c.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
prophecy / prophesy
One letter separates prophecy from prophesy, and the close relationship is derived from a shared word history.
A prophecy is a prediction or an utterance from a prophet inspired by his god. It entered English before 1200 with two spellings: prophecie and prophesie. It was borrowed from the Old French prophetie/prophecie/prophesie, which originated in Late Latin and Greek.
Some psychological professionals swear by the power of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
What are your thoughts on how Egypt relates to biblical prophecy?
To think that such a rodent has these abilities of prophecy!
To prophesy is to predict something or to utter something inspired by one's god. It pops up in English in about 1350 as prophecien and prophesien, coming through the Old French prophecier.
But we want to know why you do not prophesy like other prophets, especially on the political situation of Nigeria or at the beginning of the year?
I prophesy that the GOP will lie right through its teeth in 50 years and take credit for the "Affordable Health Care" law.
"Ryan Seacrest will be mine someday," prophesied 17-year-old Courtney Penry of Missouri City, Texas, when American Idol auditions touched down in Austin.
Until 1700, the noun and the verb were spelled the same. However, the differentiated spelling may be disappearing already. Garner's Modern American Usage notes that prophesy for prophecy is at stage 3 of language change: it's common even among educated speakers and writers.
WORD FAMILY
prophecy: prophecies, prophetical+/ prophet: prophecy, prophetic / prophetic: prophetically, unprophetic/unprophetic: unprophetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
You may find these are not happy prophecies, but please don’t disparage the messenger.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Such apocalyptic imagery may be more likely to become a self‐fulfilling prophecy than to rouse people to action.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
He said that if some of the fires were started intentionally, it was most likely a “self-fulfilling prophecy” inspired by the media and by politicians.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 预言; 预言能力; 预言书
分布：预言(99%)，=prophesy.(1%)
→名词，来自prophet,预言家，-cy,抽象名词后缀。
【记】pro前，phecy语言－前面的语言－预言
【参】prophylactic（adj 预防疾病的；n 避孕工具）
US ['prɑ:.fə-] noun
countable
■a statement that says what is going to happen in the future, especially one which is based on what you believe about a particular matter rather than existing facts （尤指基于主观判断的）预言
• The minister suggested that the dire prophecies of certain leading environmentalists were somewhat exaggerated. 部长暗示说某些很有影响的环保人士所作的可怕预言在一定程度上有些夸张。
• These doom and gloom prophecies are doing little to help the economy. 这些悲观的预言对经济毫无帮助。
uncountable formal
■the ability to say what is going to happen in the future 预言的能力
prophecy, forecast, prediction
prophecy: 根据个人感觉而作的预言
forecast: 预测，预报
prediction: 一般意义的预言，预告
n. 预言；预言书；预言能力
 - prediction, message

Word: broom
Front: broom
[bru:m] (高研四六 9418/9809 -1)
Back: n. 扫帚; 金雀花; [无线]自动搜索干扰振荡器
vt. 扫除; 用扫帚扫
vi. 桩顶开花或开裂
分布：扫帚(80%)，金雀花(13%)，清扫(7%)
→词源同bur, 毛刺果，bristle, 刺毛。原指一种灌木，后指灌木扎的清扫工具。
n.扫帚vt.扫除A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火.
noun
BRUSH 扫帚 /bru:m] [brʊm] countable
■a brush with a long handle, used for cleaning the floor 扫帚
noun
PLANT 植物 /bru:m] uncountable
■a bush with small yellow flowers 金雀花
n. 扫帚； [纺] 金雀花
 - genista, gorse
vt. 扫除
 - clean off, sweep out

Word: trendy
Front: trendy
[ˈtrendi] (9421/12098 -1)
Vocabulary: trendy
(once / 9278 pages)
adj
Trendy describes something that's stylish or popular, like skinny jeans or fancy coffee drinks.
If your shoes are the newest, coolest kind of sneakers, they are trendy. If all of your neighbors seem to suddenly have Great Dane puppies, you can say that's a trendy dog breed in your neighborhood. Trendy is a relatively recent adjective, first formed in the mid-1960's from the noun trend, which originally meant "the way something bends," and later came to mean "general tendency."
WORD FAMILY
trendy: trendier, trendiest, trendily+/ trend: trended, trending, trends, trendy
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was Don who transformed the establishment into the laundry equivalent of a trendy nightclub’s velvet-roped VIP area.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The newest of the bunch is the trendy Off Paris Seine, which opened last summer.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Just look at the recent panic in trendy Williamsburg, Brooklyn, over the impending shutdown of the L line for more than a year.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 时髦的，赶时髦的，追随时髦的
n. 时髦人物，赶时髦的人; 领导时尚的人
级别：trendier, trendiest
分布：赶时髦的(100%)
→trend,潮流，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义赶潮流的，时髦的。
adjective informal
 ADVANCED
■modern and influenced by the most recent fashions or ideas 时髦的；受新潮思想影响的
• trendy clothes 时髦服装
• a trendy nightclub 时髦的夜总会
• He writes for some trendy magazine for the under-30s. 他替一本以30岁以下读者为对象的时尚杂志撰稿。
['tren.di] noun countable informal mainly disapproving
■a person who is very influenced by the most recent ideas and fashions 爱时髦的人；赶时髦的人
• This is where all the North London trendies go for a night out. 这是伦敦北部所有爱时髦的人晚上出没的地方。
adj. 时髦的，流行的
 - popular, fashionable, modern, tony, going

Word: man-made
Front: man-made
[mæn meɪd] (-1)
Back: adj. 人造的，人工的，合成的
分布：人造的(80%)，人为的(20%)
adjective
■artificial rather than natural 人造的；合成的；人为的
• man-made fibres 人造纤维
• It's a man-made lake. 这是一个人工湖。
synthetic, false, artificial, man-made
这组词都有“人造的，非自然的”的意思，其区别是：
synthetic: 与artificial近义，但前者强调通过化学作用或化学处理把几种物质复制成与原材料截然不同的新产品。
false: 指因缺失而补上的替代物，有时也指伪装的。
artificial: 指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西，侧重真伪对比。
man-made: 指完全用人工制造，不含仿造和真伪对比的意味。
adj. 人造的；人工的；合成的
 - artificial, synthetic, complex

Word: screenplay
Front: screenplay
[ˈskri:npleɪ] (9412/22955 -1)
Back: n. 电影剧本，剧本
分布：剧本(74%)，电影剧本(26%)
→screen,电影，play,剧本。
noun countable
■the text for a film, including the words to be spoken by the actors and instructions for the cameras 电影剧本
• Who wrote/did the screenplay for/of/to the film 'Chariots of Fire'? 《火战车》这部电影的剧本是谁写的？
n. 编剧，剧本；电影剧本
 - drama, scenario

Word: unison
Front: unison
[ˈju:nɪsn] (宝 9423/11727 -1)
Vocabulary: unison
(once / 1951 pages)
n
The noun unison describes something that is synchronized or simultaneous, like when someone asks a question and you and your friend respond with the exact same answer at the same moment. When something is said in unison, two or more voices sound like one.
Unison comes from the Latin root words uni, meaning "one," and sonous, meaning "sound." So unison literally means one sound, and in music, it still retains that meaning. Unison occurs when two or more people play or sing the same pitch or in octaves. Outside of music, you may have experienced unison speaking when your class recites something together or unison movement when a group performs a dance routine.
WORD FAMILY
unison: unisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Explainers are very sure of this, nodding in unison while smiling in bemusement at the pathetic delusions of the Trump people.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Twenty-four transplant recipients — including Whalen — will row in unison as the float moves.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“That means stop,” the kids hollered back in unison before falling silent and waiting for Bennett’s instructions.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 一致，协调; 和谐; 共同（做某事）; （音乐中的）齐唱
分布：一致行动(100%)
→un-, 一，词源同unit,-son,声音，词源同sound。即同一个声音，引申义一致，协调。
和谐,协调(uni[uni-表示"一个,单一"]+son声音→一个声音→和谐)
和谐(uni+son声音)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
【记】uni一个，son声音：一致
【参】unitary（adj 一元的；单一的）；
noun
in unison
■together; at the same time 共同；一致；一齐
• Try to sing in unison if you can. 大家尽量唱整齐。
n. 和谐；齐唱；同度； [声] 同音
 - accordance, concert

Word: motorist
Front: motorist
[ˈməʊtərɪst] (9411/6207 -2)
Back: n. 汽车驾驶员; 乘汽车旅行的人
分布：驾车的人(60%)，乘车旅行的人(40%)
→来自motor,汽车。
US ['moʊ.tˌɚ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who drives a car 开汽车的人，驾驶者

Word: unthinkable
Front: unthinkable
[ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl] (9424/9602 -1)
Back: adj. 无法想象的; 难以置信的; 不能考虑的; 绝不可能的
分布：不可能的(48%)，难以置信的(41%)，想像不到的(11%)
adjective
■too shocking or unlikely to be imagined as possible 难以想像的，不可思议的
• You can't imagine what it would be like to have your child die - it's quite unthinkable. 你想像不出如果一个人失去了孩子会怎样——那是不堪想像的。
[ʌn'θɪŋ.kə.bl] noun only singular
the unthinkable
■an unthinkable event or situation 难以想像的事件（或局面）
• The unthinkable had happened - his secret activities had been discovered by the press. 难以想像的事发生了——新闻界发现了他的秘密活动。
adj. 不能想象的；过分的
 - excessive, ultra, tall

Word: lining
Front: lining
[ˈlaɪnɪŋ] (六 9435/7666 -2)
Vocabulary: lining
(once / 944 pages)
n
When a different material covers the inside of something, like the clear membrane on the inner layer of an eggshell, you can call it a lining.
Many of our body parts have linings — the stomach lining, for example — that protect their insides. Clothing often contains a protective lining too, like the satin lining of your formal suit or the cotton lining of a sheer skirt, sewn inside, or a furry or plush lining meant to add warmth. A "silver lining" is a happy, bright aspect found in a dark or sad event: "I know there's a silver lining to your car accident!"
WORD FAMILY
lining: linings+/interlineal: interlineally/ line: lineal, linear, lineation, lined, linelike, liner, lines, lining, reline, underline/lineal: interlineal, lineally/ linear: interlinear, linearise, linearity, linearize, linearly, nonlinear/linearity: linearities/lineation: lineations/lined: unlined/liner: liners/reline: relined, relining/underline: underlined, underlines, underlining
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tank buckled, the company said, and supercooled liquid oxygen pooled in the lining.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
If there’s a silver lining, it’s in the growing awareness that costly government regulations stunt the ag economy.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In Week 1204 the Empress asked for some post-election “silver linings” for those who were less than euphoric over the election results.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 衬里，里子; 衬料; 衬套
v. 排队(line的现在分词)
分布：衬里(78%)，内层(22%)
→来自line,线，衬里。
noun countable
■a material or substance that covers the inside surface of something 内衬，里衬
• a coat/jacket lining 外套／夹克衫里衬
• the lining of the stomach 胃黏膜
n. [服装] 衬里；内层； [机] 衬套
 - inner layer, bushing block

Word: grab
Front: grab
[græb] (研六托雅 1477/2777 -K3)
Vocabulary: grab
(once / 426 pages)
vn
When you grab something, you clutch at it. When a party-goer breaks open a piñata, the other guests usually grab wildly at the candy that cascades out of it.
You can grab for the string of a balloon as it floats away, or grab your friend in a hug. Another way to grab is to make an impression: "When I hear a marching band, it grabs my attention." A "grab bag" is a random mixture of things, or a bag of goodies you can reach into and grab from. If something's "up for grabs." it's available: "This last piece of pie is up for grabs!"
WORD FAMILY
grab: grabbed, grabber, grabbing, grabs+/grabber: grabbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pearson missed the front end of the one-and-one, Robert Champion grabbed the defensive rebound and Benzan drove for the winner.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A: It really grabbed the imagination of people.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Did you hop in the shower, check your email or grab a doughnut?
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 抢先，抢占
vt. 夺取或抓住; 抢夺，霸占; 匆匆拿走; 〈俚〉吸引注意力
vi. 抓住，攫取; 夺取
n. 不法所得; 被抓住的人; 抓取装置
时态：grabbed, grabbing, grabs
分布：抓(64%)，抓住(27%)，攫取(8%)，抓取物(1%)
→来自ghrebh, 抓住，够到，词源同grasp.来自ger的扩大形式，围，集中，词源同cram, aggregate.
v./n.(at)抓(住);夺(得)He grabbed me by the arm.他抓住我的手臂.
verb (-bb-)
TAKE WITH HAND 用手抓
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to take hold of something or someone suddenly and roughly 攫取；抓住；抓取
• A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park. 她穿过公园时一个劫匪抢了她的手提包。
• He grabbed (hold of) his child's arm to stop her from running into the road. 他抓住孩子的手臂防止她跑到路中间去。
[græb] verb (-bb-)
TAKE OPPORTUNITY 抓住机会
 ADVANCED transitive informal
■to take the opportunity to get, use or enjoy something quickly 抓住，利用（机会做某事）；（借机）赶紧…；抢
• If you don't grab this opportunity, you might not get another one. 如果你不抓住这次机会，可能就没有第二次了。
• We'd better get there early, or someone else will grab the best seats. 我们最好早些赶到那里，否则好座位就给别人占了。
• Let's just grab a quick bite. 我们先快点吃些东西吧。
[græb] verb (-bb-)
How does ... grab you? informal
■used to ask if someone would like to do something or is interested in something 你对…是否感兴趣？
• We could have a picnic in the park. How does that grab you? 我们可以到公园野餐，你有兴趣吗？
[græb] verb (-bb-)
  Phrasal Verbs  grab at sth/sb
■to try to get hold of someone or something quickly, with your hand 试图抓住，试图夺取
[græb] noun countable
■a sudden attempt to hold, get or take something 夺取，抢夺
• The two children both made a grab for the same cake. 两个孩子都伸手去抢同一块蛋糕。
[græb] noun countable
up for grabs
■available and ready to be won or taken 人人都可以争取；供大家争取；提供给任何人
• There are hundreds of prizes up for grabs. 有几百份奖品等着大家去拿。
grasp, grab, clasp, seize, take, clutch, grip, snatch
这组词都有“抓住，握紧”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 指紧紧抓住、抓牢。
grab: 指粗暴而急迫的抓住。
clasp: 指用手紧握或用臂紧抱。
seize: 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作。
take: 最普通用词，不带感情色彩。指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物。
clutch: 强调匆忙、紧急地抓、抓紧。
grip: 语气比grasp强，指用手的最大力量紧紧抓住。
snatch: 指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。
vt. 攫取；霸占；将…深深吸引
 - pounce at, commandeer
vi. 攫取；夺取
 - pounce at, snatch up
n. 攫取；霸占；夺取之物
 - arrogation

Word: beet
Front: beet
[bi:t] (宝 9427/21029 -1)
Vocabulary: beet
(once / 2248 pages)
n
A beet is a reddish-purple colored root vegetable. You can roast beets, slice them, and add them to a salad.
When you peel a cooked beet, your fingers will be temporarily stained red. Beets are distinctive for their deep color and their round shape — though there are also a few varieties that are yellow. You can eat both the round, fleshy part of a beet plant and also its green leaves. The British version of beet, which is thought to have a Celtic origin, is beetroot.
WORD FAMILY
beet: beets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other names include white beet, strawberry spinach, seakale beet, leaf beet, Sicilian beet, spinach beet, Chilean beet, Roman kale and silverbeet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Include brightly colored produce, including dark leafy greens, berries, broccoli, cabbage and beets.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Then there is the curious kind with concentric fuchsia stripes inside, revealed when the beet is cut horizontally.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 甜菜; 甜菜根; 糖萝卜
分布：甜菜(91%)，甜菜根(9%)
【记】bee蜜蜂。蜜蜂爱吃的菜－一定甜
【参】red beet 红甜菜（用于拌生菜）；white beet 白甜菜（用于制糖）
noun countable or uncountable
■a plant with a thick root, which is often fed to animals or used to make sugar 甜菜，糖萝卜
mainly US for * beetroot
n. [作物] 甜菜；甜菜根
 - bette
vt. 生火；修理；改过
 - repair, doctor

Word: framed
Front: framed
[freimd] (9433/11681)
Vocabulary: framed
(once / 615 pages)
adj
Something that's framed is surrounded by or held inside a frame. A framed photograph has a border around it, and is often behind a protective piece of glass.
You might hang all your framed paintings on one wall in your apartment, or cluster your favorite framed photos on your piano. One reason to have framed art, rather than unframed pictures, is to provide them some support — similarly, when a house, piece of furniture, or building is framed, it's supported by some material. Your uncle might build a log-framed cabin in the woods, for example. If someone says that you've been framed, that means someone has put the blame on you for something you didn't do.
WORD FAMILY
framed: unframed+/ frame: framed, framer, frames, framing, underframe/framer: framers/framing: framings/underframe: underframes
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first it was pretty standard fare: She posed, framed by feathers, as a glittering pop princess through a pristine, apparently lip-synced “Auld Lang Syne.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s completely framed,” she was quoted as saying by local media, without elaborating.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Guests mingled over drinks by the pool, which was framed by banquette tables lit from above by strings of bulbs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: 框架坝，框架建筑，榫构合
分布：遭到陷害的(75%)，动词frame的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
adjective
■surrounded by a border 有外框的
• a framed photograph 用像框装起来的相片
• a pair of silver-framed spectacles 一副银丝边眼镜
v. 制定；建造；给…加外框（frame的过去分词）
 - built, structured

Word: banish
Front: banish
[ˈbænɪʃ] (托雅宝 9415/8588 -1)
Vocabulary: banish
(once / 321 pages)
v
To banish is to get rid of. Think very carefully before you banish someone from your group. Someday, you may want that person around again.
Banish rhymes with vanish, which is exactly what happens when you banish someone. Suppose a king, angry with some of his subjects, banishes them. They have to leave the kingdom and vanish — not just go home and wait for the king to change his mind. Banish comes from the Old French word banir, which means “proclaim as an outlaw.” It is serious and absolute. You can see the word ban in banish, but to ban something is not as harsh as banishing it.
WORD FAMILY
banish: banished, banishes, banishing, banishment+/banishment: banishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
That forced Mycroft to banish Sherlock from the UK, sending him on a mission in eastern Europe that would likely result in his death.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s an old-school analog to “ghost” on the banished words list.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
SAN JOSE, Calif. — They limit their kids’ screen time, set filters on their browsers and banish digital devices from the dinner table.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 放逐，驱逐; 消除，排除
时态：banished, banishing, banishes
分布：消除(55%)，驱逐(33%)，流放(12%)
→来自ban, 禁止。-ish, 动词后缀。
流放,驱逐出境(ban+ish表动词→禁止入境→驱逐)[ban=prohibit,表示"禁止"]
放逐,摒弃(ban禁止,放弃+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
verb transitive
■to send someone away, especially from their country, and forbid (= refuse to allow) them to come back 赶走；流放，放逐；（尤指）把（某人）驱逐出境
• He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year. 他被流放到一个荒无人迹的小岛上呆了一年。
• They were banished (= sent out) from the library for making a noise. 他们因为吵吵嚷嚷被赶出了图书馆。
■to get rid of something completely 消除，排除
• You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind. 你必须试着打消所有复仇的念头。
vt. 放逐；驱逐
 - ostracize, expel

Word: gloom
Front: gloom
[glu:m] (托宝 9432/5722 -2)
Vocabulary: gloom
(once / 119 pages)
n
Gloom is a hazy darkness or dimness. The gloom of a moonless autumn evening is perfect for trick-or-treating, but not so perfect for sizing up your candy stash.
It might make you nervous to walk in the gloom of your friend's rural neighborhood at night if you're used to well-lit city streets. And while gloom perfectly describes the near-dark of dusk or a foggy evening, it can also describe a dark, dismal mood. Your brother's gloom when his favorite basketball team loses in the playoffs will only deepen if your favorite team wins the tournament. Gloom is a Scottish word, originally meaning "a sullen look."
WORD FAMILY
gloom: gloomful, glooms, gloomy +/gloominess: gloominesses/ gloomy: gloomier, gloomiest, gloomily, gloominess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consumer and environmental activists cautioned against painting agriculture with too much doom and gloom.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But for all of his faux gloom, by the time I leave, only two of his grievances ring wholly true.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
In Europe the Islamist threat, the problem of Muslim integration and the return of blood-and-soil nationalism top the litany of Western gloom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 昏暗，阴暗; 忧郁
vi. 变黑，变暗; 忧郁，沮丧
vt. 使变黑，变暗; 使忧伤，沮丧
分布：黑暗(45%)，忧郁(32%)，阴暗(23%)
→词源同gleam, glimmer, 微光，朦胧。引申义忧郁。
【参】gloomy（adj 黑暗阴沉的；令人沮丧的）＝depressing＝pessimistic
noun uncountable
WITHOUT HOPE 没有希望
■feelings of great unhappiness and loss of hope 忧郁；愁闷；沮丧
• Bergman's films are often full of gloom and despair. 伯格曼导演的电影通常都弥漫着忧郁和绝望的气氛。
• There is widespread gloom and doom about the company's future. 大家普遍觉得公司的前景不妙，劫数难逃。
[glu:m] noun uncountable
DARKNESS 黑暗
■when it is nearly dark and difficult to see well 昏暗；幽暗；黑暗
• She peered into the gloom, but she couldn't see where the noise was coming from. 她努力朝黑暗中看去，但就是辨不出声响是从哪里传来的。
• A figure emerged from the gloom of the corridor. 幽暗的走廊中出现了一个人影。
n. 忧郁；阴暗
 - doldrums, hyp
vi. 变阴暗；变忧沉；感到沮丧
 - shadow, heart sink
vt. 使黑暗；使忧郁
 - cloud

Word: salient
Front: salient
[ˈseɪliənt] (托宝 9408/12243 -1)
Vocabulary: salient
(once / 2023 pages)
adjn
If something stands out in a very obvious way, it can be called salient. It's time to find new friends if the differences between you and your current friends are becoming more and more salient.
Salient, from the Latin verb salire "to leap," was originally used in English to refer to leaping animals such as a frog or deer and may still be used this way. Often, however, it is used in math or geography to mean protruding. A salient angle juts outward rather than inward. Figuratively, it means noticeable or prominent. When giving an argument, make your most salient points at the beginning or the end.
WORD FAMILY
salient: salience, saliency, saliently, salients+/ salience: saliences/saliency: saliencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
IJ’s Robert Everett Johnson notes that this senator missed a few salient points: In civil forfeiture there usually is no proper “judicial process.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Email the contractor — mentioning specific dates, materials to be used, when items are being installed, details of salient conversations, etc., says Lowell.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
This would increase their expenses of having to deal with more regulation, more red tape, and it’s a fairly salient argument they have.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 显著的，突出的; 重要的，主要的; 跳跃的; （指角）凸出的
n. 凸角，[建]突出部; <军>进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分
分布：突出的(47%)，显著的(33%)，跳跃的(10%)，突出部分(10%)
→来自拉丁语 salire,跳，跳起，来自 sel,跳，词源同 sally,result,resilient.即跳跃的，跳出来 的，引申词义显著的，最重要的。
显著的,突出的(sal+lent→跳出来的→显著的)[sal=leap,表示"跳"]
【记】Sali三立，ent：马三立说的是单口相声－显著突出的silent（adj 沉默的）人不会salient
【反】unconspicuous（adj 不明显的）
['seɪ.li.ənt] formal
adjective
■The salient facts about something or qualities of something are the most important things about them 显著的，突出的
• She began to summarize the salient features/points of the proposal. 她开始总结提议中的重点／要点。
• The article presented the salient facts of the dispute clearly and concisely. 这篇文章简明清楚地介绍了这场争端中的主要事实。
adj. 显著的； [军] 突出的；跳跃的
 - prominent, obvious, marked, noted, outstanding
n. 凸角； [军] 突出部分
 - projecting part

Word: bestow
Front: bestow
[bɪˈstəʊ] (六托宝 9425/9541 -1)
Vocabulary: bestow
(once / 193 pages)
v
When you present an honor or gift to someone, you bestow it, which is the same as giving it, but often classier and more respectful.
Bestow comes from the Middle English stowen, "to place." Placing something really valuable or honoring in the hands of another, or conferring a position of responsibility on them, is to bestow it. For example, "She gave her teacher a ceramic apple she had made, knowing that her whole class would bestow the big honor of Teacher of the Year later that day," or, "The king praised her for working with the poor, and he would later bestow the medal of honor on her in a ceremony."
WORD FAMILY
bestow: bestowal, bestowed, bestower, bestowing, bestowment, bestows+/bestowal: bestowals/bestower: bestowers/bestowment: bestowments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rare is the Marine who does not wish to shoot better; a culture that celebrates riflery bestows credibility and respect on those who shoot best.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
On Sunday morning, Pope Francis officially bestowed that title at her canonization ceremony in St. Peter’s Square.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
"Islam is the only way," reads one, "God should be bestowed upon Turks," says another.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 赠给，授予; 放置，安置，贮藏; 〈口〉给…提供住宿，让…留宿
时态：bestowed, bestowing, bestows
分布：授予(65%)，给予(35%)
→前缀be-, 强调。stow, 保存，放置。此处指授予。
【参】stow（v 装载）－赠送东西让你装载回去。
US [-'stoʊ] formal
verb transitive often passive
■to give something as an honour or present 赠予；给予
• The Chancellorship of the University was bestowed upon her in 1992. 她在1992年被授予大学校长一职。
• The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed on British civilians for acts of great bravery. 乔治十字勋章是为了表彰英国平民的英勇行为而颁发的。
confer, present, endow, grant, give, award, accord, bestow
这组词都有“给予，赠给”的意思，其区别是：
confer: 通常指授予称号或学位等。
present: 指正式地给予或授予，通常伴有仪式进行。
endow: 指捐赠大量的钱作基金，也可指给予非物质的东西。
grant: 多指出于慷慨、怜悯或正义感而给予，并且通常是在被请求下给予。
give: 最普通用词，泛指将自己的东西给予他人，所给予的东西，物质或非物质的均可。
award: 通常暗示所给予的东西是接受者应得的，而且给予者往往是具有裁判权力的。
accord: 侧重所给予的是应得的或是恰当的，或是因某种原因而适于接受的。
bestow: 正式用词，指把某物作为礼物赠送于某人，也可作引申用。
vt. 使用；授予；放置；留宿
 - make use of, award, fashion, give, employ

Word: candid
Front: candid
[ˈkændɪd] (托宝 9420/14038 -1)
Vocabulary: candid
(once / 713 pages)
1adj 2adj
Straightforward and truthful talk might be described with the adjective candid. If you're always candid, your parents will know that they can trust you.
A serious-minded politician might suggest engaging in a "candid discussion" about a complicated topic like health care or the environment, because candid means "open" or "frank." Remember that TV show Candid Camera? It was called that because its hidden cameras supposedly showed a candid view of reality. In photography, candid has become a noun meaning "an unposed photo." The word comes from Latin candidus, meaning "white," which was later extended to mean "pure." Candid talk provides the pure, unvarnished truth.
WORD FAMILY
candid: candidest, candidly, candidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Years of confidential German diplomatic cables provide a candid account of Luxembourg’s obstructive manoeuvres inside one of Brussels’ most secretive committees.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Fisher, the “Star Wars” princess who comically rebelled against conventional stardom, was the candid, drug-using symbol of Baby Boomers.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The photographer also doubles as an informal tour guide sharing insider tips while snapping candid photos of visitors as they explore a destination.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 率直的，坦白的; 公正的; 偷拍的
分布：坦诚的(36%)，公正的(32%)，率直的(18%)，偷拍的(14%)
→来自词根cand, 照明，词源同candle,蜡烛。
坦白的,直率的(cand+id→白的→坦白的)[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】cand白的，纯洁的－坦白的can＋did：能做事的人是公正的。
【反】dissembling（adj 掩饰的）
['kæn.dɪd] approving
adjective
■honest and telling the truth, especially about something difficult or painful （尤指对棘手或令人痛苦之事）率直的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
• The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis. 两位总统就当前的危机进行了坦率的交谈。
• To be candid with you, I think you're making a dreadful mistake. 跟你说实话，我觉得你在犯一个可怕的错误。
⇒ See also candour
adj. 公正的；坦白的；率直的；偷拍的
 - judicial, just, pointed, frank

Word: brief
Front: brief
[bri:f] (高研四托 2146/1863 -K4)
Vocabulary: brief
(once / 79 pages)
adjvn
Something brief is short and to the point. If you make a brief visit, you don't stay long. If you make a brief statement, you use few words. If you wear brief shorts, you are showing a little too much leg.
As a noun, a brief is a condensed summary or abstract, especially a legal summary of a case. Lawyers submit pretrial briefs to the court outlining the witnesses for the prosecution or defense. As a verb, brief means to give essential information to someone — like the President gets briefed on important matters.
WORD FAMILY
brief: briefed, briefer, briefest, briefing, briefless, briefly, briefness, briefs+/ briefing: briefings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Correction: An early version of Friday’s briefing misstated what the runner John Gilmour wore during a race.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
She was a major scholar of Thomas Jefferson and wrote a brief biography of him, published in 2003.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The problem is that Mr. Trump apparently does not sit still for the intelligence briefings that try to describe the world as it is.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 短暂的; （衣着）短的; 简洁的; 简明的
vt. 向…介绍基本情况; （尤指事前）向…介绍基本情况; 向…下达简令; 在…事先向…做简要指点
n. 概要; 短文; 简短声明; （争议一方的情况或论点）要点摘录
时态：briefed, briefing, briefs
分布：简短的(43%)，短暂的(38%)，摘要(14%)，短期的(2%)，扼要的(1%)，作…的概述(1%)，案件陈述(1%)
→来自词根brev, 短。引申义汇报，介绍情况。
简短的[brev,bridg=short,表示"短,缩短"]
a.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报I believe my brief words will relieve her grief.我相信我简短的话会减轻她的悲痛.
adjective
SHORT IN TIME 短暂的
 IMPROVER
■lasting only a short time or containing few words 短暂的；简短的
• His acceptance speech was mercifully brief. 幸而他的提名演讲很简短。
• I had a brief look at her report before the meeting. 会前我浏览了一下她的报告。
• It'll only be a brief visit because we really haven't much time. 我们的时间真的不多，所以只能作短暂的参观游览。
• After a brief spell/stint in the army, he started working as a teacher. 在军队呆了短暂的一段时间以后，他当起了教师。
• The company issued a brief statement about yesterday's accident. 那家公司就昨天的事故发表了简短的声明。
■used to express how quickly time goes past （时间）短暂的，飞快的
• For a few brief weeks we were very happy. 在短短的几周里，我们过得十分愉快。
[bri:f] adjective
SHORT IN LENGTH 短的
■(of clothes) very short （衣服）很短的
• She was wearing a rather brief skirt, as I recall. 我记得她当时穿了件非常短的裙子。
[bri:f] verb transitive formal
■to give someone instructions or information about what they should do or say 向…介绍情况；给…指示
• We had already been briefed about/on what the job would entail. 已经有人向我们介绍了工作内容。
Compare debrief
[bri:f] noun
SHORT FORM 简短
in brief
■If something is said in brief, it is said in a very short form, with very few details 简言之，一言以蔽之
• "So you didn't enjoy the party then." "In brief, no." “那么，你不喜欢这个派对喽?”“简单说吧，不喜欢。”
[bri:f] noun
UNDERWEAR 内衣
briefs
[plural]
■a piece of underwear worn by men or women, covering the area between the waist and the tops of the legs 内裤
• cotton briefs 棉质内裤
[bri:f] noun
INSTRUCTIONS 指示
countable UK
■a set of instructions or information 指示；（任务）简介
• [+ to infinitive] It was my brief to make sure that the facts were set down accurately. 我的要求是确保准确记录所有事实。
countable legal
■a document or set of documents containing the details about a court case 诉讼要点；案情摘要
concise, succinct, curt, brief
这组词都有“简短的”的意思，其区别是：
concise: a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。
 • His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.   他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
succinct: a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
 • succinct summary of the argument   论点的概要
curt: a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。
 • He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"   他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"
brief: a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。
 • The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.   经理致了简短的开幕词。
compact, concise, brief
这组词都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思，其区别是：
compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。
brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。
adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的
 - little, passing, transient, compact
n. [图情] 摘要，简报；概要，诉书
 - abstract, resume
vt. 简报， [图情] 摘要；作…的提要
 - abstract, epitomize

Word: intimidating
Front: intimidating
[ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪŋ] (9429/13747)
Vocabulary: intimidating
(once / 6716 pages)
adj
Someone or something that causes fear is intimidating. Bullies are intimidating.
Anyone or anything that is fearsome, daunting, or terrifying could be called intimidating. Looking at a huge list of vocabulary words is intimidating. Any difficult job can be intimidating. Lots of people find public speaking intimidating. Climbing into the mouth of a volcano and trying to take a photograph for National Geographic would be extremely intimidating, because you could die, and if you don't, what if your pictures aren't that good?
WORD FAMILY
intimidating: intimidatingly+/ intimidate: intimidated, intimidates, intimidating, intimidation / intimidated: unintimidated/ intimidation: intimidations
USAGE EXAMPLES
What a wonderful sight, if a little intimidating.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“On the surface, David was intimidating and hard,” says photographer David Guttenfelder, who started his career in Africa alongside Gilkey.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
For the local contingent, matchups with Northeastern schools represent both an intimidating challenge and a welcome break from routine.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 恐吓，威胁( intimidate的现在分词)
分布：咄咄逼人的(40%)，威胁的(40%)，动词intimitate的现在分词.(20%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel frightened or nervous 令人紧张的，吓人的
• an intimidating array of weapons 大量令人胆战心惊的武器
• an intimidating manner 令人惧怕的态度
• She can be very intimidating when she's angry. 她发怒的样子可以很吓人。
adj. 吓人的
 - awful

Word: hoist
Front: hoist
[hɔɪst] (研六托雅宝 9437/9877 -1)
Vocabulary: hoist
(once / 516 pages)
vn
To hoist is to raise up or lift, like a crane or forklift would. You can hoist yourself up onto the roof to get a better view, or hoist a beer to your mouth — as long as you're over 21.
You can certainly hoist a cup to your mouth to drink, but this word is generally used to describe heavier lifting, like the hoisting of a fallen tree onto the bed of a truck or hoisting the Super Bowl trophy over your head after the big game. In nautical terms, where it comes up often, hoist refers to a group of flags that are raised all at once to communicate a signal.
WORD FAMILY
hoist: hoisted, hoister, hoisting, hoists+/hoister: hoisters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The animal was reportedly then hoisted by forklift into a boat as the new year countdown approached on Saturday night.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
They document themselves with reality-show glee clearing Islamic state tunnels, hoisting salvaged weapons, pointing to graffiti, prisoners and corpses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Those Darlins, Jan. 29 at the Basement East: Beloved local band says goodbye, is hoisted aloft by its rock and roll family.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 升起，提起
vi. 被举起或抬高
n. 起重机，升降机; 升起; <俚>推，托，举
时态：hoisted, hoisting, hoists
分布：升起(44%)，起重机(27%)，举起(22%)，升高(7%)
→词源不详。
v.举起,升起,吊起The newly imprisoned prisoners poisoned poisonous moisture are hoisted out from the prison.中了有毒湿气毒的新近关押的囚犯被从监狱吊出.
verb transitive
■to lift something heavy, sometimes using ropes or a machine （用绳子或机械）抬起，吊起
• A helicopter hoisted the final section of the bridge into place. 直升机将桥梁的最后一部分吊装到位。
• With some difficulty he hoisted her onto his shoulders. 他费了些力气才把她扛到自己肩上。
• [R] I scrabbled for a handhold and hoisted my self up. 我胡乱抓住一个支撑点爬了上去。
hoist a flag
■to raise a flag to the top of a pole using a rope 升旗
[hɔɪst] verb transitive
be hoist(ed) with/by your own petard formal
■to suffer harm from a plan by which you had intended to harm someone else 害人反害己，拿石头砸自己的脚
[hɔɪst] noun countable
■a device used for lifting heavy things 起重机
elevate, raise, hoist, heave, lift, boost
这组词都有“升起，举起”的意思，其区别是：
elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。
raise: 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。
hoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。
heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。
lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。
boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
n. 起重机；升起，吊起
 - crane, derrick
vi. 升起；吊起
 - lift, heave up

Word: bandage
Front: bandage
[ˈbændɪdʒ] (高研六雅宝 9428/10433 -K1)
Vocabulary: bandage
(once / 670 pages)
nv
A bandage is a piece of tape or cloth that's used to slow the flow of blood from a cut or another wound. Any good first aid kit is equipped with plenty of bandages.
A bandage can vary from being a tiny plastic strip you stick on the spot where your cat scratched you to a thick, wide cloth that's applied to a serious injury at a hospital. You can also use it as a verb: "If I were you, I'd bandage that skinned knee so it doesn't get dirty." Bandage is a Middle French word, from the Old French bander, "to bind," and ultimately bande, "a strip."
WORD FAMILY
bandage: bandaged, bandages, bandaging+/bandaging: bandagings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, some casinos want to start online gambling sites and lawmakers want to squeeze more money from gambling to bandage the state’s deficit-ridden finances.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“I miss school,” said the slender Abdul-Hameed as a nurse changed his bandages — minutes before he heard of his father’s death.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
I found a doctor in the camp who bandaged it.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 绷带
vt. 用绷带绑扎
时态：bandaged, bandaging, bandages
分布：绷带(90%)，用绷带包扎(10%)
n.绷带v.用绷带扎缚The surgeon bandages up his injured leg.外科医生把他受伤的腿扎起来.
noun countable or uncountable (US also gauze)
 ADVANCED
■a long narrow piece of cloth which is tied around an injury or a part of someone's body that has been hurt 绷带
['bæn.dɪdʒ] verb transitive
■to tie a bandage around an injury or part of someone's body, or put bandages on someone or something 用绷带包扎（伤口或某人的身体部位）
• You ought to bandage (up) that cut. 你应该用绷带把伤口包扎起来。
• the dog's bandaged paw 小狗的爪扎着绷带
n. [医] 绷带
 - fascia, ligature

Word: undertaking
Front: undertaking
[ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ] (四六托 9442/4193 -1)
Vocabulary: undertaking
(once / 397 pages)
1n 2n
Painting a house is a serious undertaking––it looks simple but involves a lot of preparation and hard work. An undertaking is a job or a task you commit to. The word also can mean the profession of funeral management.
When you take something under consideration, it means you're not necessarily going to do it, you're just going to think about it. When you take something on, you've undertaken to actually do it. The word undertaking suggests something that involves quite a bit of work. Organizing an Oxfam hunger-day at your school is a significant undertaking, but it's worth all the effort.
WORD FAMILY
undertaking: undertakings+/ undertake: undertaken, undertaker, undertakes, undertaking, undertook/ undertaker: undertakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Utah is undertaking a test of the technology on a stretch of Salt Lake City’s Redwood Road, a major north-south commuter route.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Forecasting reforms in the city’s Youth Rehabilitation Act , the second - chance law for youthful offenders, is an even more treacherous undertaking.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Everyone who crafted NBC’s “Emerald City” seems acutely aware of what an ambitious undertaking it was to follow this yellow brick road.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 企业; 事业; 殡仪事业; 保证
v. 担任( undertake的现在分词); 着手作
分布：事业(63%)，企业(18%)，保证(14%)，许诺(3%)，殡仪业(2%)
→来自undertake, 承担，引申词义重大事业，艰巨的任务。比较enterprising.
US ['ʌn.dɚˌteɪ.kɪŋ] noun countable
JOB 工作
■a job, business or piece of work 工作；任务；企业；事业
• The construction of the tunnel is a large and complex undertaking. 该隧道的修建是项复杂的大工程。
UK [ˌʌn.də'teɪ.kɪŋ] US ['ʌn.dɚˌteɪ.kɪŋ] noun countable
PROMISE 承诺 formal
■a formal promise 正式承诺
• [+ that] formal The manager gave a written undertaking that no one would lose their job. 经理写下了书面保证，不会让任何人丢掉工作。
n. 事业；企业；保证；殡仪业
 - career, enterprise, assurance, certification, commitment
v. 同意；担任；许诺（undertake的ing形式）
 - holding, promising, agreeing, granting

Word: assimilate
Front: assimilate
[əˈsɪməleɪt] (研六托雅宝 9426/8860 -1)
Vocabulary: assimilate
(once / 1094 pages)
1v 2v
If you are trying to fit in, you are trying to assimilate.
Imported from Latin, assimilate has the word similar within it and in fact, means "to become like something else." If someone moves to another country, he or she will need to assimilate by adapting to and taking in the language, culture and customs of the new place. You can also turn the phrase around to say that a country assimilates immigrants, which means that a place accepts immigrants and allows them to adapt easily. In scientific use, the body assimilates nutrients as a part of digestion.
WORD FAMILY
assimilate: assimilable, assimilated, assimilates, assimilating, assimilation, assimilative, assimilator, assimilatory+/ assimilation: assimilations/assimilator: assimilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than trying to win converts or assimilating in their new home, Parsis formed self-contained communities that effectively barred intermarriage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
All of them - including the followers of the Islamic faith are warm friendly people who are very eager to assimilate into American society.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
But the immigrant reactions to this foreign culture are not monolithic, ranging from an eagerness to assimilate to a desperate need to return home.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vi. 吸收， 消化; 同化
vt. 透彻理解; 使吸收
时态：assimilated, assimilating, assimilates
分布：吸收(94%)，使同化(6%)
→前缀as-同ad-. 词根sem, 一，同same.
吸收;同化(as+simil相同+ate→成为相同→同化)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
同化;贯通(as不断+simil+ate→不断相同→同化)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
vt.吸收,消化;使同化vi.被吸收;被同化People of different nationalities often take years to be assimilated into a country.不同国籍的人常要过一段时间才会为某个国家所同化.
【参】simulate（vt 模拟，冒充）；similarity（n 相似性）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to take in, fit into, or become similar (to) 吸收；融入；加入；（使）同化
• The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly. 欧盟应该保持足够的灵活性，以加快步伐吸收更多的国家为其成员。
• You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately. 你不应该指望移民能够马上融入一种外国文化中。
• It's hard to assimilate (= learn and understand) so much information. 很难吸收这么多的资讯。
• In this form vitamins can be easily assimilated by the body. 在这种形态下，维他命非常易于身体吸收。
vt. 吸收；使同化；把…比作；使相似
 - absorb, drink in
vi. 吸收；同化
 - drink in, suck up

Word: upbeat
Front: upbeat
[ˈʌpbi:t] (9397/20777 -1)
Back: adj. 积极乐观的; 愉快的，高兴的
n. 上升; 弱拍; 兴旺
分布：乐观的(89%)，上升(11%)
→up, 向上，beat, 击打。原为音乐术语，乐声激昂曲调，引申词义乐观的。
[ʌp'bi:t] ['--] informal
adjective
■full of hope, happiness and good feelings 乐观的；快乐的；积极向上的
• Live music and a parade set an upbeat mood for the official opening. 活泼的音乐和列队表演使开幕礼的气氛轻松欢快。
Opposite downbeat
n. 兴旺；上升；弱拍
 - health, rise, upgrade, raise, ascension
adj. 乐观的；上升的
 - optimistic, rising, climbing, upward

Word: tangle
Front: tangle
[ˈtæŋgl] (研六托雅宝 9440/10011 -2)
Vocabulary: tangle
(once / 261 pages)
1vn 2v
A tangle is a jumble. You might have a tangle of cords behind your computer or a tangle of complications related to your taxes. Whatever it is, once something is in a tangle, it's difficult to sort out.
The word tangle likely originated from a Scandinavian source — taggla, in a Swedish dialect, means “disarrange.” Tangle also can be used as a verb: you may tangle your hair as a fashion statement, but then it hurts to comb it out. As a noun, tangle can refer to an argument or a fight between two people: if you're really feisty, people might be warned away from getting into a tangle with you.
WORD FAMILY
tangle: entangle, tangled, tangles, tangling, untangle+/ disentangle: disentangled, disentanglement, disentangler, disentangles, disentangling/disentanglement: disentanglements/disentangler: disentanglers/ entangle: disentangle, entangled, entanglement, entangles, entangling/entanglement: entanglements/untangle: untangled, untangles, untangling/untangling: untanglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And her 13-month layoff is unusual in a sport where it is not uncommon for fighters to tangle several times a year.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Are these outbursts designed to distract the press from his almost incomprehensibly tangled economic conflicts of interest?
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Artists now seem to be tangling with and reflecting these dark undertones in their work.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 纠缠，纠纷; 混乱，慌乱; 昏乱的状态; 争论
vt. & vi. （使）缠结，（使）乱作一团; 使陷入，捕获; 使纠纷; 参加辩论、争执或冲突
时态：tangled, tangling, tangles
分布：纠纷(27%)，纠缠(18%)，缠结(16%)，混乱(15%)，使混乱(6%)，使陷入(6%)，乱作一团(4%)，使缠结(4%)，争论(4%)
→来自中古英语 tagilen,卷入，缠结，来自 Proto-Germanic*thangul,海藻，海草，词源同 entangle. 比喻用法。
n.纠缠;缠结;混乱v.(使)缠绕;变乱His foot became tangled in the rope.他的一只脚被绳子缠住.
noun countable
■an untidy mass of things that are not in a state of order, or a state of confusion or difficulty 纠结的一团；纠结；混乱
• a tangle of wires 一团乱糟糟的电线
['tæŋ.gl] verb informal
intransitive or transitive
■to become or form, or to make something into, an untidy disorganized mass 使混乱，使缠绕纠结，使乱作一团
⇒ See also entangle
['tæŋ.gl] verb informal
  Phrasal Verbs  tangle with sb
■to become involved with someone, usually by arguing or fighting with them 与（某人）有瓜葛；（通常指）与（某人）争吵（或打架）
• He was a self-opinionated, overbearing tyrant, and he was the last man she should want to tangle with. 他这个人固执己见、盛气凌人、专横跋扈，她绝不要与他有甚么瓜葛。
n. 纠纷；混乱状态
 - dissension, entanglemant
vt. 使纠缠；处于混乱状态
 - intertangle, entangle
vi. 缠结；乱作一团
 - rough and tumble

Word: flier
Front: flier
['flaɪə] (9443/20835)
Vocabulary: flier
(once / 4702 pages)
1n 2n
Go to a career fair and you'll be accosted with fliers or leaflet advertisements for the many companies there. Often fliers are a waste of paper because they get thrown away.
Just like the paper fliers that people hand to you on the street that end up flying into a trash cans, a flier can also mean someone who flies or travels by air. You might also see the word spelled flyer, which works too. A frequent flier is a person who travels a lot. Get enough frequent flier miles on an airline and you could fly somewhere for free.
WORD FAMILY
flier: fliers+/ fly: flew, flied, flier, flies, flown, flyer, flying, flyingly, overfly/ flyer: flyers/flying: flyings/overfly: overflew, overflies, overflying
USAGE EXAMPLES
That said, two new characters were invented after Brownstein saw a flier in her Portland coffee shop.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She gestured toward them as they walked away with several fliers in hand.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He used his Southwest Airlines frequent flier miles to pay for the flight to New York, which, according to a spokesman, cost him only $5.60.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 飞行器驾驶员; 动作敏捷的人或动物; 速度很快的车辆; （产品的）宣传单
分布：飞行员(42%)，传单(28%)，飞行物(10%)，投机(10%)，=flyer.(5%)，飞机上的乘客(5%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
INFORMATION 资讯 (ALSO US usually flyer)
■a small piece of paper with information on it about a product or event 小（广告）传单
UK ['flaɪ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
TRAVEL 旅行 (also flyer)
■a person who travels by air 乘飞机的旅客
• Frequent fliers receive travel privileges. 经常搭乘飞机的乘客可以享受旅行优惠。
n. [航] 飞行员；快车；飞行物；（美）广告传单
 - pilot, express

Word: counting
Front: counting
['kaʊntɪŋ] (9449/12064 -1)
Back: n. 计算
v. （按顺序）数( count的现在分词); 有价值; 数出总数; 算得上
分布：计算(100%)
PREP
包括…在内
Not counting a particular thing means not including that thing. Counting a particular thing means including that thing.
例：...an average operating profit of 15% to 16% of sales, not counting administrative expenses.不包括管理开支在内，销售营业利润平均为15%到16%
PHRASE
(数量)继续增长的
If you say and counting after a number or an amount of something, you mean that the number or amount is continuing to increase.
例：There is a 1,700-year-old tea tree still living in southern China which is more than 100 feet tall and counting.中国南方生长着一棵已有1,700年历史的茶树，高100多英尺，而且还在不断长高。
n. 计算， [数] 计数
 - calculation, computation, valuation

Word: misconception
Front: misconception
[ˌmɪskənˈsepʃn] (托 9434/13875 -1)
Vocabulary: misconception
(once / 2861 pages)
n
A misconception is a conclusion that's wrong because it's based on faulty thinking or facts that are wrong. Your accusation about your brother's role in that unfortunate event at your party may be based on a misconception.
First appearing in the 1660s, the noun misconception comes from the prefix mis-, meaning "bad, wrong," and the word conception, meaning "act of conceiving." A misconception usually results from incorrect thinking or a flawed understanding. Because they don't know the facts, many people have a misconception about how diseases such as AIDS are transmitted. It's a common misconception that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, when, in fact, he didn't.
WORD FAMILY
misconception: misconceptions+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception /preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
She said there is “a lot of ignorance and misconceptions around transgender people.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There is a very common misconception that all people with Down’s syndrome are the same.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
We worked well together several more times before I left the firm, because we succeeded in rectifying our misconceptions.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 误解; 错觉; 错误想法
分布：误解(91%)，错误想法(9%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，conception,理解。
【记】mis错，conception（n 概念）
【参】misconduct（v 处理不当；n 不正当的行为）
noun countable
■an idea which is wrong because it has been based on a failure to understand a situation 误解，错误的想法
• We hope our work will help to change popular misconceptions about disabled people. 我们希望我们的工作有助于改变一般人对残疾人士的错误看法。
• [+ that] I'd like to clear up the common misconception that American society is based on money. 我想消除一种普遍的误解，即认为美国社会是以金钱为基础的。
n. 误解；错觉；错误想法
 - misunderstanding, misinterpretation

Word: slump
Front: slump
[slʌmp] (托宝 6804/6160 -2)
Vocabulary: slump
(once / 1171 pages)
vn
To slump is to fall or slouch down. It's also a downturn in performance — a struggling ballplayer and a sinking economy are both in a slump.
There are many kinds of slumps, but they all involve things going downhill. If you slide down in your chair, you slump. Other slumps are less physical. If a successful quarterback starts losing games and throwing interceptions, that's a slump. The original meaning of slump, back in the 1670s, was "fall or sink into a muddy place," while the more figurative meanings came much later.
WORD FAMILY
slump: slumped, slumping, slumps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Defoe’s equalizer prevented Sunderland slumping to a third successive loss.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bentonite mining companies such as Wyo-Ben say they suffered during a recent slump in oil and gas drilling but business is picking back up.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
U.S. stocks slumped on the last trading day of the year Friday, but major indexes still posted solid gains in 2016.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 大幅度下降，暴跌; 沉重或突然地落下[倒下]
n. （物价等的）暴跌; <美>（个人、球队等的）低潮状态; （销售量、价格、价值等的）骤降; （精神等的）消沉，萎靡
时态：slumped, slumping, slumps
分布：暴跌(78%)，使倒下(9%)，低潮状态(9%)，猛然瘫坐(2%)，大幅度下跌(2%)
【记】s死，lump（n 肿块；笨人）：死笨人的股票容易暴跌。
verb
REDUCE SUDDENLY 突然减少
intransitive
■(of prices, values or sales) to fall suddenly （价格、价值或销售额）猛跌，突然下降
• The value of property has slumped. 房产价值突然下跌。
• Car sales have slumped dramatically over the past year. 过去一年汽车的销售额大幅下降。
[slʌmp] verb
SIT/FALL 坐下／倒下
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to sit or fall heavily and suddenly 沉重地坐下（或倒下）
• She slumped into the chair, exhausted. 她颓然跌坐在椅子上，筋疲力尽。
[slʌmp] noun countable
■a fall in the price, value, sales, etc. of something （价格、价值、销售额等的）猛跌，暴跌
• There's been a slump in the demand for new cars. 新车的需求量猛跌。
■a period when an industry or the economy is in a bad state and there is a lot of unemployment 萧条（期），衰落
• an economic slump 经济萧条
• The airline industry is currently in a slump. 当前航空业正处于萧条期。
vi. 下降，衰落；倒下
 - decline, go down
n. 衰退； [金融] 暴跌；消沉
 - recession, downturn, decline
vt. 使降低；使衰落；使倒下
 - drop

Word: bug
Front: bug
[bʌg] (研六雅 4159/7685 -2)
Vocabulary: bug
(once / 511 pages)
1n 2v 3nv 4n
A bug is an insect. You might refuse to go camping because of your intense dislike for bugs. Bug can also be a verb meaning "annoy." Most likely, bugs bug you.
There are bugs you can see, like bees, and bugs that are much smaller, like viruses and bacteria. If you get one of these microscopic bugs, it means you're sick. You can also say, casually, "I've caught the model train bug — I'm hooked!" A microphone that's hidden in someone's home or telephone is also a bug, named after its small size. To bug someone means either to spy on them, or simply to bother them relentlessly.
WORD FAMILY
bug: bugged, bugging, buggy, bugs, debug, superbug+/ buggy: buggies, bugginess/debug: debugged, debugger, debugging, debugs/debugger: debuggers/superbug: superbugs
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ordered more bugs and privately groused that Nixon’s behavior amounted to “treason.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The setup allows the company to frequently update the software to fix bugs and add new features.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Among the methods are bio controls, in which bugs that feed upon pests in their native lands are introduced here.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 昆虫; 陷，瑕疵; 细菌，病菌; 窃听器
vt. 在…装窃听器; 打扰，烦恼; 折磨，使痛苦; （使眼球）暴突或变大
vi. 变大; 凸出
时态：bugged, bugging, bugs
分布：臭虫(40%)，窃听器(27%)，窃听(18%)，打扰(15%)
→来自古英语词bugge, 妖怪，令人害怕之物。后指昆虫。故障义据说来自大发明家爱迪生，在检察某机器故障时发现是由于里面死了一个小虫。
n.臭虫;小毛病;窃听器v.窃听The smuggler shrugged to the bugler hugging the bug in the tugboat.走私者对在拖船中拥抱臭虫的号手耸耸肩.
noun
INSECT 昆虫
 ADVANCED countable
■a very small insect 小虫子
[bʌg] noun
ILLNESS 病
 ADVANCED countable informal
■a bacteria or a virus causing an illness that is usually not serious （引起小毛病的）细菌，病毒
• I had a tummy/stomach bug last week. 上周我的肠胃出了点小毛病。
• There's a bug going around (= an illness that many people are getting). 有种细菌引起的疾病现正在流行。
[bʌg] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
 ADVANCED countable
■a mistake or problem in a computer program （电脑程式中出现的）缺陷，漏洞
• A bug caused the company's computer system to crash. 程式缺陷导致公司的电脑系统崩溃。
[bʌg] noun
DEVICE 设备
countable
■a very small device fixed on to a telephone or hidden in a room, that allows you to listen to what people are saying without them knowing 窃听器
[bʌg] noun
ENTHUSIASM 热忱
only singular informal
■a very strong enthusiasm for something 热衷，迷
• He's been bitten by the sailing bug. 他迷上了帆船运动。
[bʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
ANNOY 烦扰 informal
■to annoy or worry someone 烦扰；使…担心
• He's been bugging me all morning. 他整个上午都在烦我。
[bʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
HIDE DEVICE 隐藏装置
■to place or hide a listening device inside something 秘密安装窃听装置
• often passive She suspected that her phone had been bugged. 她怀疑自己的电话被人窃听了。
bacteria, germ, virus, bug, microbe
这组词都有“致病的微生物”的意思，其区别是：
bacteria: (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。
germ: 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。
virus: 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。
bug: 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe: 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。
worm, pest, bug, insect
这组词都有“虫，昆虫”的意思，其区别是：
worm: 侧重指蚯蚓、蚕、毛虫等小而无骨的虫。
pest: 指有害的昆虫或有害的小动物。
bug: 指小昆虫，尤指吸血的臭虫，也可指细菌。
insect: 含义广泛，多指蚂蚁、黄蜂、蝉等等。
overhear, monitor, bug
这组词都有“偷听，窃听”的意思，其区别是：
overhear: 多指在别人不注意或不知道的情况下偶然听到谈话的内容。
monitor: 通常指用仪器设备偷听别人的谈话内容。
bug: 指在室内等处安装窃听器以窃听他人的谈话内容。
n. [基医] 臭虫，小虫；故障；窃听器
 - fault, trouble
vt. 烦扰，打扰；装窃听器
 - eat, burden, bother
vi. 装置窃听器；打扰
 - interfere, put out

Word: waiver
Front: waiver
[ˈweɪvə(r)] (9438/17170 -1)
Vocabulary: waiver
(once / 5615 pages)
n
A waiver is a formal statement giving up a right. If you go on a school trip, your mom might sign a waiver saying that the school is not responsible if you get hurt on the trip.
When you sign a waiver, you’re voluntarily giving up a privilege or legal right. A waiver is often required before you participate in something dangerous. If you decide to go skydiving, you might have to sign a waiver agreeing that you won’t sue the skydiving company if you get injured. That means you’re assuming all the risk associated with the activity. Other types of waivers can involve officially declining various rights, such as a privacy waiver or an insurance waiver.
WORD FAMILY
waiver: waivers+/ waive: waived, waiver, waives, waiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is pretty much how the airlines say they want passengers to respond to weather waivers: by deciding themselves what works best.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was claimed off waivers Dec. 15 after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
McKissic, who was claimed off waivers from Atlanta prior to the Arizona game.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 弃权; 放弃; 弃权声明书
分布：放弃(55%)，弃权(36%)，弃权证书(9%)
→来自waive,放弃，引申词义弃权声明书。
US [-vɚ] noun countable
■an agreement that you do not have to pay or obey something 免支付协议；弃权声明书
• We had to sign a waiver, giving up any rights to the land in the future. 我们不得不签了一份弃权声明，放弃将来对那块土地的所有权利。
n. 弃权， [法] 放弃；弃权证书
 - abstention, nonuser

Word: solving
Front: solving
['sɒlvɪŋ] (9414/12658)
Back: v. 解决( solve的现在分词 ); 解答; 解释; 揭示
分布：解决办法(60%)，动词solve的现在分词形式.(40%)
VERB
解决(问题);解(题)
If you solve a problem or a question, you find a solution or an answer to it.
例：Their domestic reforms did nothing to solve the problem of unemployment...他们的国内改革未能解决失业问题。
例：We may now be able to get a much better idea of the true age of the universe, and solve one of the deepest questions of our origins.现在，我们也许能够更加清楚地了解宇宙生成的年代，并且解答关于人类起源最为深奥的问题之一。
v. 解决
 - work out, figure out

Word: fairway
Front: fairway
[ˈfeəweɪ] (9430/13315 -1)
Vocabulary: fairway
(once / 4652 pages)
1n 2n
The fairway is part of a golf course, close to the tee. A fairway provides golfers with the easiest surface for hitting the ball.
A golf course fairway is distinguished by its short, even grass and location between the tee and the green. It's a fairly simple area from which to hit the ball. Another meaning of fairway shares this easy, effortless quality: a regular, well-known course that a ship takes through the water. In the 1580s, fairway was used to mean "navigational channel of a river," and it gained the golfing sense at the end of the 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
fairway: fairways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though he averaged more than 300 yards off the tee, Walker ranked 183rd in driving accuracy, hitting 48 percent of his fairways.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
And he was fortified by “Arnie’s Army,” his band of volunteers, ready at all times for the commander to walk the fairway.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
On the previous hole, he was just off the green when he chose to putt with a fairway metal.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 航路; 水上跑道; （高尔夫球场上的）平坦球道
分布：航路(67%)，开阔的通道(33%)
→原指适于船只航行的好的河道，后用于高尔夫名词。
US ['fer-] specialized
noun countable
■in golf, the area of short grass between the tee (= place where you first hit the ball) and the green (= place where the ball should enter a hole) （高尔夫球场上的）平坦球道
• He completely missed the fairway from his tee shot, and his ball ended up in the bushes. 他开球完全偏离球道，球最后落进了灌木丛。
n. 航路；水上飞机升降用的水面跑道；（高尔夫球场上的）平坦球道
 - water-way

Word: dysfunction
Front: dysfunction
[dɪs'fʌŋkʃn] (9452/23225)
Vocabulary: dysfunction
(once / 6176 pages)
n
If there's dysfunction, then things aren't working right. High blood pressure is a medical dysfunction, and fighting amongst teammates is a kind of social dysfunction.
If you know that function means to work, then you shouldn't be surprised that dysfunction means something isn't working. Blind people have an optical dysfunction. A family that yells all the time and never listens has a communication dysfunction. If your car breaks down, it has some kind of mechanical dysfunction. But if everything is going smoothly? You're dysfunction-free.
WORD FAMILY
dysfunction: dysfunctional, dysfunctions+/ dysfunctional: dysfunctionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s no dysfunction. Everybody is on the same page,” Pegula said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Alexander Payne’s About Schmidt is a relentlessly dark film on the painful theme of family dysfunction.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 机能障碍，机能失调
分布：机能障碍(63%)，功能不良(37%)
→dys-, 不好的。function, 功能。
[dɪs'fʌŋk.ʃən] specialized
noun countable
■a problem or fault in a part of the body or a machine 功能失调；机能不良
• There appears to be a dysfunction in the patient's respiratory system. 患者呼吸系统似乎出现功能失调。
n. 功能紊乱；机能障碍；官能不良
 - lesion, disfunction
vi. 功能失调；出现机能障碍；垮掉
 - crumble to dust

Word: rearrange
Front: rearrange
[ˌri:əˈreɪndʒ] (托 9441/11146 -1)
Vocabulary: rearrange
(once / 2494 pages)
v
When you rearrange something, you change its position or reorganize its contents. You could rearrange your bookshelves so that the books are sorted by color, rather than by title or author.
After riding in a car with the windows down, you might need to rearrange your scarf and hairdo. And, if you're making room in your apartment for a friend to stay over, you might want to rearrange your furniture to accommodate an air mattress. You can also rearrange a schedule or routine. This word adds the "back or again" prefix, re-, to arrange, a verb which originally meant "draw up a battle line."
WORD FAMILY
rearrange: rearranged, rearrangement, rearranges, rearranging+/ arrange: arranged, arrangement, arranger, arranges, arranging, disarrange, prearrange, rearrange / arrangement: arrangements/arranger: arrangers/arranging: arrangings/disarrange: disarranged, disarrangement, disarranges, disarranging/disarrangement: disarrangements/ prearrange: prearranged, prearrangement, prearranges, prearranging/prearrangement: prearrangements/rearrangement: rearrangements
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was simple and maybe even obvious, but it rearranged my entire universe.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
When one thinks in an adopted language, one arranges and rearranges words that are neutral, indifferent even.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
But with bedroom closets and some other furniture built in, she felt the ability to rearrange the inside was limited.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新安排; 重新布置; 改变既定的（计划等）; [化]（分子）重排
时态：rearranged, rearranging, rearranges
分布：重新安排(76%)，重新布置(16%)，重新排序(8%)
重新安排(re重新+arrange排列)[range=rank,表示"排列,顺序"]
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to change the order, position or time of arrangements already made 重新排列；重新布置；重新安排
• The new sofa was bigger than the old one, so they had to rearrange the rest of the furniture. 新沙发比旧沙发要大，所以他们不得不重新摆放其他的家俱。
• I'm busy tomorrow - could we rearrange the meeting for Monday (= have it on Monday instead) ? 我明天很忙——我们可否把会议改在星期一？
vt. 重新排列；重新整理
 - replume

Word: hasten
Front: hasten
[ˈheɪsn] (四六托宝 9445/8507 -1)
Vocabulary: hasten
(once / 152 pages)
v
The verb hasten means to move at a high speed. If you hasten to your room, no one will know that you came in late.
Hasten comes from the word haste, which means "excessive speed or urgency." The words hurry and hasten are synonyms. Hasten can also mean "to make happen quickly," like when you open a window in the kitchen when you are cooking to hasten the room's cooling down. Hasten also means "to be quick," like when you hasten to tell everyone that the rumor going around about you isn't true.
WORD FAMILY
hasten: hastened, hastening, hastens
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the far north, climate change is hastening the decline of hunting.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In the current administration’s final weeks, another researcher said, HHS officials are also trying to hasten the release of previously undisclosed health data.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Civilian deaths do not matter and may in fact aid the cause by hastening the ultimate Russian and Syrian victory.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 加速; 使加紧; 催促; 赶紧，赶快
vi. 赶快; 急忙
时态：hastened, hastening, hastens
分布：加速(67%)，赶快(17%)，催促(16%)
→来自haste,仓促，匆忙，-en,使。
促进(haste匆忙)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
【参】haste（n 匆忙；急忙）
【反】slow the progress of（延缓过程）；check（vt 检查；制止；阻碍）；retard（vt 延迟；阻碍）
['heɪ.sən] formal
verb
transitive
■You hasten something by acting in order to make it happen sooner 加快，加紧
• I was grateful for his letter which hastened the course of the enquiry. 我非常感谢他的来信，这加快了调查的进展。
• There is little doubt that poor medical treatment hastened her death. 毫无疑问，劣质的治疗加速了她的死亡。
[+ to infinitive]
■If you hasten to do something, you quickly do it 赶快，赶紧（做）
• The president hastened to reassure his people that he was in perfect health. 总统立即解释说他的身体状况非常好，让他的人民放心。
[+ to infinitive]
■If you hasten to say something, you want to make it clear 急忙说（或澄清）
• It was an unfortunate decision and I hasten to say it had nothing to do with me. 那是个令人遗憾的决定，我急忙表示那与我没有关系。
• "People round here dress so badly - except you, Justin," she hastened to add. “这儿的人穿得真不像样——除了你之外，贾斯丁。”她急忙加了一句。
accelerate, hasten, rush, hurry, speed, quicken
这组词都有“加快，使加快”的意思，其区别是：
accelerate: 着重指频率或速率运转加快。
hasten: 指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。
rush: 含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
hurry: 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。
speed: 侧重实际的快速行动。
quicken: 普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
vt. 加速；使赶紧；催促
 - crowd, soup
vi. 赶快；急忙
 - hurry up, get a move on

Word: prolong
Front: prolong
[prəˈlɒŋ] (研六托雅宝 9450/8448 -1)
Vocabulary: prolong
(once / 315 pages)
v
I don't want to prolong this definition, so I'll keep it short. To prolong is to make something last longer or to stretch it out in time.
You see the word long in prolong and it's no trick. If you prolong an argument with a sibling, you make it longer than it naturally would be. Prolong always has to do with time. When you stretch your neck or a piece of cloth to make it appear longer, you are elongating, not prolonging, it.
WORD FAMILY
prolong: prolongation, prolonged, prolonging, prolongs+/prolongation: prolongations/ prolonged: prolongedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
PASADENA, Calif. — In mid-August, after prolonged vacillation, Southern California Coach Clay Helton declared the junior Max Browne his starting quarterback.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it will need some rescue act to prolong the club’s top-flight stay.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Arpaio faces the charge for prolonging his immigration patrols for 17 months after a judge ordered them stopped.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 延长，拉长; 拖延，延期
时态：prolonged, prolonging, prolongs
分布：延长(94%)，拖延(6%)
→pro-,向前，long,长的。引申词义延长。
延长,引申(pro向前+long→向前长→延长)[long,leng表示"长"]
v.拉长,延长,拖延The delegation decided to prolong their visit by two weeks.代表团决定把访问延长两个星期.
【记】pro向前，long长－拉长
【反】curtail（v 缩减）；truncate（v 截去）
US [-'lɑ:ŋ] verb transitive
■to make something last a longer time 延长，拖延
• We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong our stay by another week. 我们过得非常愉快，决定再多待一个星期。
• She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, prolonging the pleasure. 她细嚼慢咽，尽情地享受每一口美食。
suspend, defer, postpone, prolong, delay, put off
这组词都有“推延，延期”的意思，其区别是：
suspend: 指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。
defer: 正式用词，语气强于postpone，多指故意拖延。
postpone: 正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。
prolong: 指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度。
delay: 普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。
put off: 口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vt. 延长；拖延
 - drag on, drag out

Word: jagged
Front: jagged
[ˈdʒægɪd] (雅宝 9448/11851 -1)
Vocabulary: jagged
(once / 1698 pages)
adj
Something is jagged when it has an uneven edge or quality to it. Teeth can be jagged, saw blades can be jagged, and the edges of leaves can be jagged.
Jagged comes from 16th century English/Scottish and originally referred to a cloth, cut in a way so that the edge is not straight, but that is “toothed.” Imagine a tipsy seamstress trying to cut cloth in a straight line, but her sheers stray this way then that. She’s leaving a jagged edge on the cloth. Or perhaps you have a crush on the seamstress, but she is seen kissing another. Here, she’s leaving a jagged wound on your heart.
WORD FAMILY
jagged: jaggedest, jaggedly, jaggedness+/ jag: jagged, jagging, jaggy, jags
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glamorous Cypress Point, Alister Mackenzie's masterpiece woven through cypress, sand dunes and jagged coastline, wasn't always the darling of America's 100 Greatest.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
But the artist complicates things with panels in a range of shapes, often with jagged edges.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In its early days, the web was a jagged, surreal, and almost experimental space.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 参差不齐的; 锯齿状的; 粗糙的
v. 使成锯齿状(jag的过去式和过去分词)
分布：参差不齐的(92%)，动词jag的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
→来自jag,锯齿状缺口，破布。引申词义凹凸不平的，锯齿状的。
【记】jag（n 尖齿），ged－锯齿状的jag读：扎哥－用尖齿扎哥哥
adjective
■rough and with sharp points 有尖突的；锯齿状的；参差不齐的
• a jagged cut/tear 边缘参差不齐的切口／裂口
• jagged rocks 嶙峋的岩石
• a jagged line/edge 锯齿状的线／边缘
adj. [生物] 锯齿状的；参差不齐的
 - serrate, hackly

Word: digest
Front: digest
[daɪˈdʒest] (高研四六托雅 9447/7573 -2)
Vocabulary: digest
(once / 295 pages)
1v 2vn 3v
When your stomach breaks down food, it digests it. To digest is to process food so it can be absorbed into the body or information so the mind can absorb it.
If you tell your mother some bad news, like say, that you failed your math test after studying so hard, she might say, "Let me take a moment to digest that information." She's not going to swallow the paper and let her stomach do the work. Instead, she's going to take a moment to sit with the news and understand it. As a noun, a digest is a magazine that breaks down information into understandable summaries.
WORD FAMILY
digest: digested, digester, digestible, digesting, digestion, digestive, digests, predigest+/digested: undigested/digester: digesters/digestibility: digestibilities/digestible: digestibility, digestibleness, digestibly, indigestible, nondigestible/ digestion: digestions, indigestion, self-digestion/digestive: digestively, digestives/indigestible: indigestibility, indigestibleness, indigestibly/ indigestion: indigestions/predigest: predigested, predigesting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Golf Digest will unveil the latest edition of America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses later this week.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
There was a lot to digest Sunday, both good and bad, for Anaheim.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He traces an unexpected but plausible route from the Digesting Duck to the first programmable computer.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 消化; 整理
vt. 吸收; 领悟; 玩味
vi. 消化; 吸收食物; [化学]加热
n. 文摘; 摘要; 法律汇编; 罗马法典
时态：digested, digesting, digests
分布：消化(68%)，摘要(29%)，理解(3%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-gest,携带，含有，词源同ingest, gesture. 即带向不同方向，用于指消化，后也用于指文摘。
消化;文摘(di+gest带→带下去→消化→经过消化后的精华→文摘)[di-①表示"两个,双"②表示"使…变成,分开,离开"]
消化;摘要(di分开+gest→分开带→[把营养]带到身体→消化)[gest,gister=carry,bring,表示"带来,产生"]
vt.消化;领会,融会贯通n.文摘,摘要I guess the guest's gesture suggested that he could not digest well.我猜想客人的手势暗示了他消化不良.
verb[daɪˈdʒest/
EAT 吃
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use （使）消化
• I find that I don't digest meat easily. 我发现自己不容易消化肉食。
• Sit still and allow your meal to digest. 静静地坐着，让胃里的食物消化消化。
verb[daɪˈdʒest/
UNDERSTAND 理解
transitive
■to read or hear new information and take the necessary time to understand it 理解，吸收（资讯）
• This chapter is so difficult to digest, I shall have to read it again later. 这一章不容易理解消化，稍后我还得再看一遍。
noun countable /ˈdaɪ.dʒest/
■a short written report providing the most important parts of a larger piece of writing, or one containing recent news 文摘，摘要；文汇，简报
• A digest of the research findings is now available. 研究成果的简报已经出来了。
• The company publishes a monthly digest of its activities. 该公司每月出一份活动简报。
abstract, summary, resume, digest, outline
这组词都有“摘要、概要、概括”的意思，其区别是：
abstract: 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
summary: 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
resume: 源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
digest: 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline: 指配以释议文字的提纲。
incorporate, absorb, suck, digest
这组词都有“吸收”的意思，其区别是：
incorporate: 指一物或多物与它物相融合，形成一整体。
absorb: 普通用词，词义广泛，既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西，又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。
suck: 作“吸收”解时，可与absorb换用，但还可有“吮吸”之意。
digest: 侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。
vt. 消化；吸收；融会贯通
 - absorb, drink in
n. 文摘；摘要
 - abstract, brief, summary, resume

Word: doughnut
Front: doughnut
['dəʊnʌt] (9451/19687 -1)
Back: n. 炸面圈，圈饼; 汽车轮胎; 环状物; 电子回旋加速室
分布：油炸圈饼(90%)，环状物(10%)
→dough,面团。nut,坚果。
US ['doʊ-] noun countable
■a small circular cake, fried in hot fat, either with a hole in the middle or filled with jam 炸面包圈；炸果酱面包；甜甜圈
• a UK jam / US jelly doughnut 炸果酱面包

Word: plume
Front: plume
[plu:m] (宝 9461/12604 -1)
Vocabulary: plume
(once / 601 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
Think of a large, fluffy, colorful feather and you are imagining a plume, something that can be used decoratively, often in hats or vases, just as it creates a decorative element for the bird it comes from.
We can trace the present word plume was probably taken from the Old English word plūmfether. Going back further, we can find the Latin pluma meaning "feather" or "down." Plume is often applied to a large puff of smoke or any mass that spreads into the air from a single source. If you see a plume of smoke coming from the chimney, the fireplace is going. If you see a plume of smoke coming from the window, call the fire department.
WORD FAMILY
plume: deplume, displume, plumed, plumelike, plumes, pluming+/deplume: deplumate, deplumed, depluming/displume: displumed
USAGE EXAMPLES
During an eruption of the volcano last week, the Federal Aviation Administration said flights were rerouted around the plume.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Carrie Fisher the mental health advocate who did so much to clear the dark plumes of others’ depression and guide them towards light.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
But a few, apparently rehabilitated, demonstrated activity: a faint plume, a nearby tent.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 羽毛; 羽毛饰; 羽毛状物
vt. 用羽毛装饰; （为某事）使形成羽毛状; 自豪
时态：plumed, pluming, plumes
分布：羽毛(46%)，羽状物(22%)，羽饰(12%)，用羽毛装饰(8%)，自夸(5%)，骚首弄姿(5%)，整理羽毛(2%)
→来自拉丁语pluma,羽毛，绒毛，来自pleus,拔，拉，羽毛，可能来自pil,拔，毛发， 词源同pile,pluck,fleece.
整理-羽毛;骄傲[plum=feather(羽毛)]
noun
countable usually plural
■a large feather 羽毛，翎
• fans made of ostrich plumes 驼鸟羽毛做的扇子
⇒ See also nom de plume
countable
■a decoration which looks like several large feathers tied together and which is worn on the heads of horses or the hats of soldiers during particular ceremonies （装饰用的）羽状物；羽饰
• The coffin was drawn by horses with black plumes. 灵柩由披挂着黑色羽饰的马拉着。
a plume of dust/smoke, etc.
■a tall, thin mass of smoke, dust or similar substance, that rises up into the air 羽毛状灰尘／烟雾等
• After the explosion, a plume of smoke could be seen in the sky for miles around. 爆炸发生后，方圆几英哩都能看得见天空中的缕缕烟雾。
vt. 用羽毛装饰
 - feather
n. [鸟] 羽毛
 - feather

Word: hesitant
Front: hesitant
[ˈhezɪtənt] (9455/11262 -1)
Vocabulary: hesitant
(once / 2635 pages)
adj
When you’re feeling hesitant, you aren’t sure what to do, so instead of taking action you wait a little, biding your time until you figure out what option is best.
The Latin word haesitant translates as “being undecided,” and not being able to decide is exactly what makes you hesitant. Being hesitant will make you hesitate for a bit, waiting to see what happens next. Nervousness or fear will make your actions hesitant, like when trying to walk across a rickety wooden bridge. Should you keep going or turn back? Your hesitant steps show that you’re still wrestling with that question. Whatever you decide, don’t look down.
WORD FAMILY
hesitant: hesitance, hesitancy, hesitantingly, hesitantly+/hesitance: hesitances/hesitancy: hesitancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the first Winter Classic in Buffalo the league was hesitant to even confirm there would be a second one.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
On the day of the Brink’s heist, Clark told me, she was hesitant on several counts, starting with her baby at home.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
They might find themselves hesitant to attack screen passes, real or imagined, with too much aggression, for fear of getting burned on the back side.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 踌躇的; 犹豫的; 迟疑的; 吞吞吐吐的
分布：迟疑的(55%)，犹豫不定的(45%)
→来自hesitate,犹豫，踌躇。
adjective
■If you are hesitant, you do not do something immediately or quickly because you are nervous or not certain 犹豫的，踌躇的
• You seemed a bit hesitant about recommending that restaurant - is something wrong with it? 你似乎不是很愿意推荐那家餐厅——它有甚么问题吗？
• She gave me a hesitant smile. 她勉强向我笑了笑。
adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的
 - tentative

Word: curve
Front: curve
[kɜ:v] (研四六托雅 3462/2506 -K2)
Back: n. 弧线，曲线; 曲线状物; 弯曲物; [棒]曲线板
vt. 使弯曲; 使成曲线; 使成弧形
vi. 弯曲; 弯成曲线，弯成弧形; 沿曲线行进
adj. 弯曲的; 曲线形的
时态：curved, curving, curves
分布：曲线(91%)，弯曲(5%)，弧线(3%)，弯曲物(1%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，词源同ring, curly.
n.曲线,弯曲(物)v.弄弯,成曲形The road curved to the right.道路向右转弯了.
US [kɝ:v] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a line which bends continuously and has no straight parts 曲线，弧线；转弯
• a curve in the road 道路转弯处
• the curve of a graph 图表曲线
UK [kɜ:v] US [kɝ:v] verb intransitive
■to form a curve or move in the shape of a curve 弯曲；成曲线运动
• The road curves round to the left. 道路转向左边。
curve, crook, twist, bend, bow
这组词都有“弯、弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
curve: 指变成曲线或弧线状的动作或状态。
crook: 指不规则的弯曲，也指按照规则或模型弯曲某物。
twist: 指通过转动、拧或扭使某物成弯曲状。
bend: 普通用词，指把某物变成曲线或角形。用于人时，指头部或身躯弯下。
bow: 指把头部或上身弯向前方的动作，也指社交中的礼节性动作。
n. [数] 曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表
 - give, winding
vt. 弯；使弯曲
 - wind, bend
adj. 弯曲的；曲线形的
 - winding, flexural, crooked

Word: relinquish
Front: relinquish
[rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ] (托雅宝 9453/8524 -1)
Vocabulary: relinquish
(once / 797 pages)
v
If you relinquish something, you let it go. You relinquish control of the army when you resign as general. You relinquish your plan to sneak into town when your parents find out what's going on.
Relinquish is also commonly used to mean physically letting go of something: The monkey wouldn't relinquish its grasp on the banana. Relinquish descends from Latin relinquere, from the prefix re- "again" plus linquere "to leave."
WORD FAMILY
relinquish: relinquished, relinquishes, relinquishing, relinquishment +/relinquishing: relinquishings/ relinquishment: relinquishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some counties, state legislators effectively control central committees and are reluctant to relinquish appointment power.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
If I were Israel, I would not relinquish control of the West Bank borders — for now.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He said both countries must fully recognize each other, ensure access to religious sites and relinquish other existing claims.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 放弃; 让出（权利，财产等）; 放开，松手; 撤离
时态：relinquished, relinquishing, relinquishes
分布：放弃(94%)，放手(6%)
→来自拉丁语 relinquere,留下，留给，来自 re-,向后，往回，linquere,留下，留给，词源同 delinquency,relic.引申诸相关词义。
不再采取行动,放弃(re+linqu离开+ish→离开不再要→放弃)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
放弃,防开(re远+linqu+ish→远离→放弃：re表示"远",如remote遥远的)[linqu=leave,表示"离开"]
【记】re再，linquish＝leave离开－再离开－放弃读：re林窥视－经常在小树林里面窥视别人－放弃的工作－放弃。
【反】procure（v 获得）；cling to（坚持）；cooperate（v 合作）；reward（v 酬劳；奖赏）
formal
verb transitive
■to give up something such as a responsibility or claim 放弃；拒绝
• He has relinquished his claim to the throne. 他放弃了继承王位的要求。
• She relinquished control of the family investments to her son. 她把家庭投资的掌控权移交给了儿子。
■to unwillingly stop holding or keeping something （不情愿地）松开，放开，交出，让予
• She relinquished her hold/grip on the steering wheel. 她松开了握着轪盘的手。
vt. 放弃；放手；让渡
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: noteworthy
Front: noteworthy
[ˈnəʊtwɜ:ði] (研 9460/12099)
Vocabulary: noteworthy
(once / 1619 pages)
adj
If you keep a journal, you probably write the day's most noteworthy events in it, or the most remarkable things that happen to you.
Something is described as noteworthy when it's worth taking interest in it. Your teacher's enormous new beehive hairdo might be noteworthy to you, while her insight into the history of your town might be less noteworthy. The adjective noteworthy is a compound word made from note plus worthy; in other words, if something's worthy of making a note about it, it's noteworthy.
WORD FAMILY
noteworthy: noteworthily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the week our uniform allegiance to the Hawks is noteworthy.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Here are some of the new, noteworthy, and impactful policies:
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Today, he added, “It is noteworthy that it’s getting both domestic and international migration.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得注意的，显著的，重要的
分布：值得注意的(100%)
→note,注意，留意，worthy,有价值的。
US ['noʊtˌwɝ:-] slightly formal
adjective
■deserving attention because important or interesting 显著的；值得注意的
• a noteworthy example/event 值得注意的实例／事件
• It is noteworthy that one-third of students do not pay any tuition fees. 值得注意的是，1/3的学生不缴纳任何学费。
• King Darius I is noteworthy for his administrative reforms, military conquests, and religious toleration. 大流士一世国王因其实行的行政改革、军事征服和宗教宽容而闻名。
adj. 值得注意的；显著的
 - obvious, remarkable, prominent, marked, outstanding

Word: flurry
Front: flurry
[ˈflʌri] (9456/11216 -1)
Vocabulary: flurry
(once / 1542 pages)
nv
A light blowing swirl of snow that's just barely falling is a flurry. There might be a brief flurry or two at the beginning of the winter, with no real heavy snow until January.
You can describe a snow flurry, or a similarly swirling flurry of leaves or papers. When people act this way, rushing and fussing around, that's another kind of flurry. There might, for example, be a flurry of activity in the morning at your house as everyone hurries to get ready for the day. This sense of flurry is actually about a hundred years older than the snow meaning, which was first used in mid-1800's American English.
WORD FAMILY
flurry: flurried, flurries, flurrying+/flurried: unflurried
USAGE EXAMPLES
Decoding a genome now runs between a few hundred to a few thousand dollars, spawning a flurry of potential new applications.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Travelers are about to see a flurry of new hotel brands.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
A flurry of pricey condominium sales, many of them at Manhattan’s newest ultraluxury developments, provided a strong finale to an already robust 2016.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 一阵风、雨或雪; 爆发，骚动
vt. 使迷乱; 使慌张
vi. 慌张地行动
时态：flurried, flurrying, flurries
分布：忙乱(45%)，一阵疾风(22%)，发慌(11%)，焦躁(11%)，阵雪(11%)
→来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flip, flutter. 引申词义忙乱，窸窣的声音，小阵雨，小阵雪等。
US ['flɝ:-] noun
SNOW 雪
countable
■a sudden light fall of snow, blown in different directions by the wind 小阵雪
• There may be the odd flurry of snow over the hills. 山上可能有零星小雪。
UK ['flʌr.i] US ['flɝ:-] noun
ACTIVITY 活动
countable usually singular
■a sudden, short period of activity, excitement or interest 一阵忙乱（或激动、关注）
• The prince's words on marriage have prompted a flurry of speculation in the press this week. 本周王子就结婚问题所说的话引起新闻界一片猜测。
• a flurry of activity 一阵忙乱
n. 慌张；疾风；飓风；骚动
 - combustion, turmoil
vt. 使恐慌；使激动
 - heat, panic
vi. 慌张；激动
 - warm, fire

Word: dismal
Front: dismal
[ˈdɪzməl] (托宝 9459/9538 -1)
Vocabulary: dismal
(once / 472 pages)
adj
Dismal is a dreary, depressing sort of bad. "With the cold rain and their team behind by six field goals, the mood in the stands was so dismal even the cheerleaders had lost their 'Rah.'"
Dismal comes from the Latin dies mali which means "bad days." There is a hopelessness implied in the word. If you fell on the way to school and cut your knee, it would be bad, but not dismal. If you fell into a giant mud puddle and had to wear dirty, crusty clothes until you got home, it might make the school day seem pretty dismal.
WORD FAMILY
dismal: dismalest, dismally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Europe was dismal, with the mood exemplified by Britain's vote in June to leave the European Union.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They ranged from the absolutely dismal — remember Founding Farmers? — to the totally scintillating.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But Kent State was even more dismal, hitting 26.5 percent with 11 turnovers.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 阴沉的，惨淡的，凄凉的; 忧郁的
n. 低落的情绪; <美>沼泽
分布：凄凉的(47%)，阴沉的(35%)，暗的(18%)
→来自拉丁语dies mali, 即malicious day. 后用做形容词，凄凉的，阴沉的。
【记】在中世纪的英国指不吉利的日子（dis＝day，mal邪恶的，坏的）dismay（使气馁）使你dismal
adjective
■sad and without hope 悲伤绝望的，忧郁茫然的
• a dismal expression 悲伤绝望的表情
■informal
■very bad 十分糟糕的
• The acting was dismal, wasn't it? 表演很糟糕，是不是？
• What dismal weather! 天气太糟糕了！
adj. 凄凉的，忧郁的；阴沉的，沉闷的；可怕的
 - dark, blue, terrible, heavy

Word: medium-high
Front: medium-high
None None
Back: 中高
分布：中高(100%)

Word: commence
Front: commence
[kəˈmens] (研六托雅宝 9454/4318 -1)
Vocabulary: commence
(once / 109 pages)
v
Commence is a fancy way of saying "begin." Your invitation to a formal wedding might note, "The ceremony will commence at noon."
If a congressman wants to start a meeting to vote on an important bill, he might say, "This meeting will begin immediately." Or, he could make the same statement in a more formal way by saying, "This meeting will commence immediately. Interestingly enough, while the word commence means to start, a commencement ceremony marks the end of a college career.
WORD FAMILY
commence: commenced, commencement, commences, commencing, recommence +/ commencement: commencements/ recommence: recommenced, recommencement, recommences, recommencing/recommencement: recommencements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before Holy Communion commences, Pastor Diggs calls the youth forward to speak to them directly.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
When the Josh Norman Bowl commences Monday night, you will be presented with two conflicting arguments about the star cornerback’s worth.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Discussions over Britain’s exit from the European Union are also scheduled to commence.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 开始; 着手; 获得学位
时态：commenced, commencing, commences
分布：开始(86%)，着手(14%)
→com-, 强调。-it, 走，开始，词源同exit, itinerary, 现在分词-ence. 双写字母m为早先错误写法，后成为固定拼写。
vt.开始vi.获得学位At the age of twenty he commenced to study French.他在二十岁时开始学法语.
【记】com共同，mence读：闷死：在开学典礼的时候应该有这种感觉。而开学典礼又是一个学期的开始
【反】cease（v 停止）
[kə'ments] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to begin something 开始；着手
• We will commence building work in August of next year. 我们将于明年八月开始破土动工。
• Shall we let the meeting commence, gentlemen? 各位先生，我们开始会议，好吗？
• [+ -ing verb] Unfortunately, he commenced speaking before all the guests had finished eating. 遗憾的是，没等所有客人都吃完，他就开始讲话了。
inaugurate, commence, start, initiate, begin
这组词都有“开始”的意思，其区别是：
inaugurate: 指正式而隆重的开始。
commence: 可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
start: 在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
initiate: 指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
begin: 最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
vt. 开始；着手
 - institute, initiate, launch on, enter upon, put in hand

Word: apprehension
Front: apprehension
[ˌæprɪˈhenʃn] (托雅 9457/7714)
Vocabulary: apprehension
(once / 307 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Apprehension is fear or anxiety about something – you might feel apprehension about an upcoming test. Apprehension is also the capture of a criminal, when they get apprehended, or caught. It can mean “understand an idea” too. Get it?
Given the crook's record of evading arrest, the chief had real apprehensions about being able to catch him. Eventually though, she activated the whole police force in an effort to ensure the crook's apprehension. And it paid off! They caught him red-handed. But it wasn't until he saw the video of the crime in progress that the guy apprehended just how much trouble he was in. It was that apprehension that led him to make a deal with the district attorney.
WORD FAMILY
apprehension: apprehensions+/ apprehend: apprehended, apprehender, apprehending, apprehends, apprehensible, apprehension, apprehensive, misapprehend /apprehender: apprehenders/apprehensible: apprehensibly/ apprehensive: apprehensively, apprehensiveness, unapprehensive/ misapprehend: misapprehended, misapprehending, misapprehends, misapprehension / misapprehension: misapprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension is investigating the shooting.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But there is also mutual suspicion and apprehension.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He finds training to be drudgery and even racing brings as much apprehension as joy.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 不安，忧虑，忧惧; 理解（力），领悟，了解; 拘捕
分布：理解(44%)，逮捕(31%)，忧惧(17%)，了解(8%)
理解;忧虑;逮捕(ap+prehens+ion)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
担忧;逮捕(apprehend担心,逮捕,ap+prehend抓住)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
noun uncountable
WORRY 担忧
■worry about the future, or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen （对未来或即将发生的不愉快之事的）忧虑，担心，恐惧
• It's normal to feel a little apprehension before starting a new job. 在开始新工作前感到有些忐忑不安是很正常的。
• There is some apprehension in the office about who the new director will be. 不知谁将担任新主任，办公室里人心惶惶。
[ˌæp.rɪ'hen.ʃən] noun uncountable
CATCHING 抓住 formal
■when the police catch and arrest someone who has not obeyed the law 逮捕；拘捕
• Both the army and the police were involved in the apprehension of the terrorists. 军队和警方都参与了抓捕恐怖分子的行动。
[ˌæp.rɪ'hen.ʃən] noun uncountable
UNDERSTANDING 理解 formal
■when you understand something 领会；理解；懂得
n. 理解；恐惧； [法] 逮捕；忧惧
 - grasp, understanding, fear, comprehension

Word: clog
Front: clog
[klɒg] (托宝 9458/11478 -1)
Vocabulary: clog
(once / 1582 pages)
1nv 2nv
A clog is a blockage, or something that gets in the way. A clog in your kitchen sink might mean you have to call a plumber before you can wash your dishes.
A clog obstructs water from flowing through pipes, and it can also be figurative, like a clog in your city's restaurant inspection system that makes it impossible for people to open new cafes. When clog is a verb, it means to cause such a hindrance. A completely different kind of clog is a heavy, wooden-soled shoe. In the 14th century, a clogge was a "lump of wood," and the verb first meant, "hinder with a block of wood."
WORD FAMILY
clog: clogged, clogging, clogs, unclog+/unclog: unclogged, unclogging, unclogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They clogged running lanes and ensured that Kelley struggled to find daylight.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Crimson Tide’s bulky defensive linemen firmly held their ground at the point of attack while the linebackers quickly clogged the hole.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
On the drive home, Bob was schooling me again in all things Kiwi: “Pop your clogs” means “to die an untimely death.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 木底鞋; 障碍
v. 阻碍; 堵塞
时态：clogged, clogging, clogs
分布：阻塞(53%)，木屐(17%)，妨碍(12%)，障碍(12%)，跳木屐舞(4%)，结块(2%)
→词源同clump,clod,clout.原指大块状东西，后词义明确为木屐这一物体。
【记】log（n 大原木）放在路中间阻碍通过。
US [klɑ:g] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
■to (cause something to) become blocked or filled so that movement or activity is difficult （使）阻塞，（使）堵塞；塞上
• The roads are clogged with holiday traffic. 节假日期间，马路上堵满了车辆。
• Eating too much fat causes your arteries to clog (up). 摄入过多脂肪会导致动脉栓塞。
• Leaves are clogging (up) the drain. 树叶堵塞了下水道。
UK [klɒg] US [klɑ:g] noun countable usually plural
■a type of shoe made of wood, or with the top part made of leather and the bottom part of wood 木底鞋；木屐
v. 阻塞；障碍
 - choke with, plug up
n. 障碍；木底鞋
 - obstacle, let, bar, dam, stop

Word: infantry
Front: infantry
[ˈɪnfəntri] (宝 9464/8162 -2)
Vocabulary: infantry
(once / 289 pages)
n
Armies usually contain different divisions for different purposes. For example, soldiers on horseback belong to the Cavalry, those who work in communications are in the Signal Corps, and soldiers specially trained to fight on foot are members of the Infantry.
It seems somewhat strange to have the word "infant" in a word that refers to a fighting military unit, but the word infantry once referred to the foot soldiers who were too young or too inexperienced to qualify for the cavalry. The word was taken from the Latin word for a youth, infantem, and so evolved into infantry after working its way through the Spanish, Italian, and French, appearing in English in the late 16th Century.
WORD FAMILY
infantry: infantries
USAGE EXAMPLES
All cavalry troops were to be converted into the 158th Infantry.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
After a helicopter flight to a trauma center, the infantry vet — Siatta — was charged with home invasion, found guilty at trial and sentenced to prison.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Asencio served in Mosul during the initial invasion, first to provide artillery support and then as infantry.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 步兵; 步兵部队
分布：步兵(96%)，步兵部队(4%)
→来自infant,婴儿。原用于指骑兵中的部卒，后用于指步兵。
【记】infant（n 婴儿），try试图：在大脑中呈现出日本步兵用刺刀试图挑出我国女人腹中婴儿的场景－步兵
noun uncountable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the part of an army that fights on foot 步兵，步兵团
• The infantry was/were sent into battle. 步兵团被派往战场。
• It's a light/heavy infantry unit. 这是一个轻／重型步兵团。
Compare cavalry
n. 步兵；步兵团
 - fantassin, doughboy

Word: forty-five
Front: forty-five
['fɔ:tɪfaɪv] None
Back: n. <非正>45口径的（左轮）手枪； 每分钟四十五转的密纹唱片
分布：四十五(100%)

Word: sloppy
Front: sloppy
[ˈslɒpi] (托宝 9466/13825 -1)
Back: adj. 懒散的，草率的; 稀薄的; 多雨的，泥泞的; 过于伤感的
级别：sloppier, sloppiest
分布：草率的(40%)，肥大的(28%)，稀薄的(15%)，潦草的(12%)，庸俗感伤的(5%)
→slop,泥浆，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义马虎的，草率的。
【记】slop（v 溅；n 泥汤），py－溅一身泥汤－邋遢snoppy特别sloppy
【反】natty（adj 整洁的）
US ['slɑ:.pi] adjective
TOO WET 过湿的 informal disapproving
■(of a substance) more liquid than it should be, often in a way that is unpleasant 过稀的
• The batter was a bit sloppy so I added some more flour. 面糊有点稀，于是我又加进了一些面粉。
UK ['slɒp.i] US ['slɑ:.pi] adjective
LACKING CARE 缺乏关照的 disapproving
■not taking care or making an effort 草率的，马虎的
• Spelling mistakes always look sloppy in a formal letter. 在正式信函中出现拼写错误总让人感觉写信者草率马虎。
• Another sloppy pass like that might lose them the whole match. 再出现一次那样的草率传球，可能会使他们输掉整场比赛。
■describes clothes which are large, loose and often untidy （衣服）宽大的，松松垮垮的
• At home I tend to wear big sloppy jumpers and jeans. 在家里，我一般穿宽松的套衫和牛仔裤。
UK ['slɒp.i] US ['slɑ:.pi] adjective
EMOTIONAL 感情的 informal disapproving
■expressing feelings of love in a way that is silly or embarrassing 庸俗伤感的
• a sloppy love song 庸俗伤感的情歌
adj. 草率的；粗心的；泥泞的；肥大的；稀薄的
 - brief, rare, thin, subtle, careless

Word: tangled
Front: tangled
[ˈtæŋgld] (9476/11502)
Vocabulary: tangled
(once / 806 pages)
adj
Tangled is an adjective that describes a confused mass. You're likely to hear tangled used most often when referring to hair. If it's tangled, you can't brush or comb through it.
Other than discussing hair, tangled can be used to refer to anything that's jumbled up and confused. Like that tangled pile of wires behind your television and computer that you keep tripping over. Tangled can also mean something highly complicated or intricate, like the relationships between ex-wives, ex-husbands and stepchildren in a family. The word tangled is most famous for being included in a well-known literary quote from Sir Walter Scott's poem, "Marmion" — "Oh what a tangled web we weave, when first we practise to deceive."
WORD FAMILY
tangle: entangle, tangled, tangles, tangling, untangle+/ disentangle: disentangled, disentanglement, disentangler, disentangles, disentangling/disentanglement: disentanglements/disentangler: disentanglers/ entangle: disentangle, entangled, entanglement, entangles, entangling/entanglement: entanglements/untangle: untangled, untangles, untangling/untangling: untanglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Are these outbursts designed to distract the press from his almost incomprehensibly tangled economic conflicts of interest?
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Jefferson’s feet appeared to get tangled with Durant’s on that last play.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Jefferson’s feet appeared to get tangled with Durant’s on that last play .
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 纠缠的; 紊乱的; 混乱的; 杂乱的
v. （使）缠结， （使）乱作一团( tangle的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：纠缠的(55%)，紊乱的(35%)，动词tangle的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
N-COUNT
缠结;纠结;乱糟糟的一团
A tangle of something is a mass of it twisted together in an untidy way.
例：A tangle of wires is all that remains of the computer and phone systems...原来的计算机和电话系统如今只剩下乱糟糟的一团电线。
例：There he stood: hair in wild tangles, dark stubble shadowing his chin.他站在那儿，头发乱成一团，下巴上一片黑胡茬。
V-ERG
(使)缠绕;(使)缠结
If something is tangled or tangles, it becomes twisted together in an untidy way.
例：Animals get tangled in fishing nets and drown...动物被缠进渔网里淹死了。
例：She tried to kick the pajamas loose, but they were tangled in the satin sheet...她想把睡衣踢脱，可是它却和缎子床单绞到了一块。
N-SING
混乱;纷乱;乱成一团
You can refer to a confusing or complicated situation as a tangle .
例：I was thinking what a tangle we had got ourselves into.我在想，我们卷入了怎样的纷争之中。
例：...the tangle of domestic politics.国内政局的错综复杂
VERB
(思想、局势变得)纷乱，混乱
If ideas or situations are tangled, they become confused and complicated.
例：The themes get tangled in Mr. Mahfouz's epic storytelling...马赫福兹先生讲述的故事过于宏大，主题有些混乱了。
例：You are currently in a muddle where financial and emotional concerns are tangled together.你眼下头脑不清了，对于金钱和感情的忧虑交织在了一起。
adj. 紊乱的；纠缠的；缠结的；复杂的
 - complicated, involved, detailed, sophisticated

Word: predicament
Front: predicament
[prɪˈdɪkəmənt] (宝 9468/9473 -1)
Vocabulary: predicament
(once / 1803 pages)
n
If you're engaged to get married but suddenly fall in love with someone else, you have gotten yourself into quite a predicament. A predicament is a difficult, confusing, and unpleasant situation.
The Greek word that predicament originally descends from means "a state of being." Which makes sense considering the words that sound like predicate are all about states of being––predict, or say what's going to happen in the future, and predicate the second part of a sentence that's led by the verb. Think of predicament as an unpleasant state of being.
WORD FAMILY
predicament: predicaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, this is possible to do, although usually it is the Jets who seem to find themselves on the other side of such a predicament.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Baker imbues the character with a tormented single-mindedness that neatly defines his predicament.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Because, wherever we are in history, our predicament is constant: It is always Russia.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 困境，窘况; [逻]范畴
分布：困境(100%)
→来自拉丁语praedicamentum,预测之事，分类，品质，词源同predicate.后借用该拉丁词来翻译希腊语kategoria,分类，该词为古希腊哲学家亚里士多德对当时的社会进行分类后创造出来的词，共十类，即being,quantity,quality,relation,place,time,posture,possession,action,passion.引申词义情况，状况，后特别用于指不好的情况，即困难，窘境。
困境,险境(pre预先+dica命令+ment→预先命令做→进入危境)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
困境(predica是predict"预言"的变体,预言会出现的困境)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
【记】pre前，dic＝dict说，ament：提前说出你的丑陋身世－困境；
【参】predication（n 断言，肯定）；prediction（n 预言）
US [prə-] slightly formal
noun countable
■an unpleasant situation which is difficult to get out of 尴尬的处境，窘境，困境
• She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament. 她希望能从银行得到一笔贷款以摆脱经济困境。
• I'm in a bit of a predicament because I've accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the same night. 我有些左右为难，因为我无意间接受了同一天晚上两顿晚餐的邀请。
n. 窘况，困境；状态
 - difficulty, status, corner, dilemma, fix

Word: algae
Front: algae
[ˈældʒi:] (托 9463/- -1)
Vocabulary: algae
(once / 9426 pages)
n
Ever walk in the ocean and feel your feet slipping and sliding along the rocks? That slimy green stuff under your feet is algae, a nonflowering plant that grows in the water and has no stems, roots, or leaves.
Algae is actually the plural form of the word alga, which in Latin means, you guessed it: "seaweed." Algae isn't just something gross looking floating on the water. It's actually important in aquatic ecology because the tiny organisms that live suspended in algae are the food base for most marine food chains.
WORD FAMILY
algae
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cleaning consisted of applying a special solution geared to removing algae and other material, scrubbing the stones, and hosing them off.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This threw off the delicate balance between the coral organisms and the algae that provide them sustenance.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The town’s lake was once so choked with algae that fishing lures wouldn’t sink.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 水藻; [植] 藻类
分布：海藻(78%)，水藻(21%)，名词alga的复数形式.(1%)
→词源不详。
plural noun
■very simple, usually small plants that grow in or near water and do not have ordinary leaves or roots 水藻；藻类
n. 藻类； [植] 海藻
 - seaweed, varech

Word: garnish
Front: garnish
[ˈgɑ:nɪʃ] (托宝 9470/16756 -1)
Vocabulary: garnish
(once / 1653 pages)
1vn 2v
A garnish is a decoration or embellishment, often used with food. It is also the verb that means to do the decorating: you can garnish a baked fish with a garnish of lemon slices and parsley.
Long ago, in 14th-century France, the word garnir meant, in part, "to warn or defend," a meaning that survived in one of the meanings of garnish, "to seize wages to pay a debt." But word meanings often branch out, and "to warn" came to mean "to arm oneself," and later "to fit out or equip." It came to mean "to embellish" in Middle English, and, from the late 17th century on, the word was used commonly for the embellishment or decoration of food.
WORD FAMILY
garnish: garnished, garnishes, garnishing, garnishment+/garnishment: garnishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
She then mixes it with coconut milk, tops it off with ginger beer and garnishes it with fresh curry leaves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drain the pieces and place on a platter, garnishing with the green onion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Now add the fancy garnishes, suitably festive but more affordable than the typical trappings.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰，文饰; 给…加配菜; [法]传讯
n. 装饰，装饰品; 华丽的词藻; 配菜; <俚>勒索金
时态：garnished, garnishing, garnishes
分布：装饰(65%)，装饰品(20%)，配菜(10%)，勒索金(5%)
→来自法语。来自wer, 保护，隐藏，词源同warrant, weir. 后指装饰。
装饰;加配菜(garn+ish表动词)[gar,garn=furnish,表示"装饰,供应"]
【记】gar花－装饰的物品
US ['gɑ:r-] verb transitive
■to decorate food with a small amount of different food 在（食物）上加饰菜，（用菜）为（食物）加装饰
• Garnish the dish with parsley before serving. 这道菜端上桌之前，上面配些欧芹点缀一下。
UK ['gɑ:.nɪʃ] US ['gɑ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■a small amount of different food used to decorate a dish or serving of food 在（食物）上加饰菜，（用菜）为（食物）加装饰
• a lemon and herb garnish 用柠檬和香草做的饰菜
vt. [建] 装饰
 - paint, hang, set sth out
n. 为增加色香味而添加的配菜； [建] 装饰品
 - decoration, trimming

Word: unmarried
Front: unmarried
[ˌʌnˈmærid] (高 9465/7635 -1)
Back: adj. 未婚的，独身的，单身的
v. 离婚(unmarry的过去分词)
分布：未婚的(78%)，未婚者(12%)，独身的(10%)
US [-'mer-] adjective
■not married 未婚的，单身的
• an unmarried mother 未婚妈妈
• Their youngest son is still unmarried. 他们的小儿子还是单身。
adj. [法] 未婚的；单身的；独身的
 - single, unwed

Word: sweetness
Front: sweetness
[ˈswi:tnəs] (六 9462/12041)
Back: n. 甜蜜; 美妙; 芳香; 可爱
分布：甜美(57%)，芳香(32%)，美味(11%)
→sweet,甜的，-ness,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■the quality of being sweet 甜蜜；可爱
['swi:t.nəs] noun uncountable
be (all) sweetness and light
■to be very peaceful and friendly 亲切友善，和蔼可亲
• They'd had a big argument yesterday, but by this morning it was all sweetness and light again. 他们昨天大吵了一架，但今天早上又和好如初。
n. 美妙；芳香；可爱
 - aroma, balminess

Word: cut-off
Front: cut-off
[kʌt ɔf] (-2)
Back: n. 定点，取舍点; 截止; 界限
分布：定点(40%)，中断(20%)，分离点(20%)，取舍点(20%)
N-COUNT
截止点;界限
A cut-off or a cut-off point is the level or limit at which you decide that something should stop happening.
例：The cut-off point depends on age and length of employment...录用标准取决于年龄和工作年限。
例：The cut-off date for registering is yet to be announced...还没有宣布登记的截止日期。
N-COUNT
(供应或服务的)终止
The cut-off of a supply or service is the complete stopping of the supply or service.
例：A total cut-off of supplies would cripple the country's economy...供给的全面中断会使得该国经济瘫痪。
例：The United States resisted an arms cutoff.美国拒绝停止武器供应。
n. 截止；定点；界限
 - latitude, fixed point

Word: override
Front: override
[ˌəʊvəˈraɪd] (雅宝 9471/9524 -1)
Vocabulary: override
(once / 2858 pages)
1v 2vn 3nv
You can override or reject a decision if you're more powerful than the person who originally made the decision. And Congress has the power to override or nullify the Presidential veto if they have a two-thirds vote.
The word override can be used in a number of contexts. You can override or ride on top of the grass. You can override a horse, or ride it too hard. An army can override or dominate the enemy in a war. And a judge can override or set aside a decision in court. Regardless of which meaning you're using, remember that the thing doing the overriding always has the upper hand.
WORD FAMILY
override: overridden, overrides, overriding, overrode+/overriding: overridingly/ ride: override, ridden, rider, rides, riding, rode/ rider: riders/riding: ridings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They would create a statewide framework to regulate Uber and other transportation network companies, overriding agreements struck with local governments.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Smith’s attorney said Alabama is the only state that allows judicial override.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“Once Congress overwhelmingly overrides a president’s veto, to me the opponents have a pretty steep hill to climb,” Cornyn said.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 推翻，无视; 践踏; 优先于; 覆盖
n. 佣金; 超驰控制装置; 撤消，推翻
时态：overrode, overridden, overriding, overrides
分布：推翻(51%)，凌驾(29%)，无视(10%)，超驰控制装置(5%)，给代理人的佣金(5%)
→over-,在上，超过，ride,骑。即骑在上面的，凌驾于之上的。后用于指否决，推翻。
推翻,不理会(over+ride骑→骑在上面→推翻[下面的])[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb (overrode, overridden)
NOT ACCEPT 不接受
transitive
■(of a person who has the necessary authority) to refuse to accept or to decide against a previous decision, an order, a person, etc （拥有必要权威的人）否决，推翻，撤销，使无效
• Every time I make a suggestion at work, my boss overrides me/it. 每次我对工作提出建议，我的老板都不听。
• The President used his veto to override the committee's decision. 总统利用手中的否决权，推翻了委员会的决定。
transitive
■to operate an automatic machine by hand 对（自动机器）改用手控；超驰控制，超控
• He overrode the autopilot when he realised it was malfunctioning. 他意识到自动驾驶仪出了故障，就改为手动驾驶。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'raɪd] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb (overrode, overridden)
CONTROL 操控
transitive
■to take control over something, especially in order to change the way it operates （尤指为改变运作方式而）操控，制服
• The pills are designed to override your body's own hormones. 这些药片用以调节人体自身的荷尔蒙分泌。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'raɪd] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb (overrode, overridden)
MORE IMPORTANT 更重要的
transitive
■to be more important than something 比…更重要；压倒；凌驾
• Parents' concern for their children's future often overrides all their other concerns. 父母对子女未来的考虑往往重于他们对所有其他事情的关心。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'raɪd] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb (overrode, overridden)
TRAVEL 旅行
intransitive
■to travel on public transport further than your ticket allows you to （乘公共交通工具）超程乘车（实际距离超出车票允许的距离）
• There is a £20 penalty for passengers who travel without a ticket or override. 无票乘车或超程乘车的乘客将须缴付20英镑的罚款。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'raɪd] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] noun countable
DEVICE 装置
■a device that changes the control of a machine or system in special situations, especially from automatic to manual （尤指从自动改为手动的）超控装置
• The heating system has a manual override. 这套取暖系统有一个手动超控装置。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'raɪd] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] noun countable
POLITICS 政治
■in American politics, the refusal of an elected group of people to accept a decision made by an elected leader （美国政治中对选举产生的领导人所作决定的）否决，推翻
• The vote fell short of the majority needed for an override of the Governor's veto. 投票未过半数，未能推翻州长的否决。
vt. 推翻；不顾；践踏
 - throw down, topple down
n. [会计] 代理佣金
 - agency commission

Word: perish
Front: perish
[ˈperɪʃ] (研六雅宝 9475/9526 -1)
Vocabulary: perish
(once / 180 pages)
v
Perish means to die, but it suggests a slow, gradual, nonviolent death. Starving to death is perishing. Getting hit by a bus is just plain getting killed.
Perish is the kind of word you can imagine being spoken by a helpless princess in a fairy tale or any other damsel in distress––"If I am not rescued soon by my valiant knight," she might say, "I shall perish if I'm left alone up here in this tower to starve."
WORD FAMILY
perish: perishable, perished, perisher, perishes, perishing+/ imperishable: imperishability, imperishableness, imperishably/ perishable: imperishable, perishability, perishableness, perishables, perishably/perisher: perishers
USAGE EXAMPLES
All 27 other passengers and crew aboard perished.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The most desperate set off in ramshackle fishing boats for Thailand and Malaysia, many perishing in the Bay of Bengal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
By the turn of the 19th century, Christmas looked close to perishing.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 死亡，丧生; 毁灭; 腐烂，枯萎; 老化
vt. 使麻木; 使毁坏
时态：perished, perishing, perishes
分布：毁灭(58%)，腐烂(22%)，消失(16%)，使死亡(4%)
→来自古法语periss-,来自拉丁语perire,走完，走尽，来自per-,穿过，完全的，ire,走，行程，词源同exit,itinerary.引申词义死亡，毁灭。-iss,分词格。
v.丧生;凋谢;毁灭,消亡Many soldiers perished in the battle.许多士兵死于战场.
【记】pe破，rish读：瑞士－瑞士是生活的地方，但破瑞士就不一样了，是死人的地方。
【参】perishable（adj 容易腐烂的）；perishing（adj 冻死人的；可憎的）
【反】survive（v 幸存；生还）
verb intransitive
DIE 死亡
■to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed （尤指因意外或遇害）丧生，死亡；湮灭；毁灭
• Three hundred people perished in the earthquake. 有300人在此次地震中丧生。
• He believes that Europe must create closer ties or it will perish. 他认为整个欧洲必须建立更紧密的联系，否则就会灭亡。
['per.ɪʃ] verb intransitive
DECAY 衰退 UK If material such as rubber or leather perishes, it decays and starts to break into pieces （橡胶、皮革等）脆裂，老化
• Sunlight has caused the rubber to perish. 橡胶因暴露于阳光下而老化。
['per.ɪʃ] verb intransitive
perish the thought humorous or informal
■said to show that you hope that something that has been suggested will never happen 死了这条心吧；甭想了
• Me, get married? Perish the thought! 我，结婚？死了这条心吧！
expire, pass away, perish, die, decease
这组词都有“死”的意思，其区别是：
expire: 委婉用词。从本义“从肺部吐出气来”引申为吐出最后一口气，断气而死。
pass away: 是die的委婉用语。
perish: 书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。
die: 最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。
decease: 正式用词，多指法律上的用语。
vt. 使麻木；毁坏
 - destroy, damage
vi. 死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯萎
 - die, flag

Word: healer
Front: healer
[ˈhi:lə(r)] (9478/15173 -1)
Back: n. 医治者; 治疗物; 治病术士
分布：医治者(74%)，治疗物(26%)
→来自heal,治疗。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a person who has the power to heal people without using ordinary medicines 信仰疗法术士
• a spiritual healer 精神疗法术士

Word: attentive
Front: attentive
[əˈtentɪv] (研四六雅 9473/11800 -1)
Vocabulary: attentive
(once / 390 pages)
adj
Use the adjective attentive to describe someone who is alert and paying attention: “Attentive observers of the play used clues given in the first scenes of the play to guess the identity of the murderer.”
You probably notice that the word attentive looks a lot like the noun attention. It’s easy to remember how to use attentive when you know that the words share related meanings. Use the adjective attentive to describe someone who is full of attention, watching and listening carefully, such as an attentive student who takes great notes and asks questions when something isn't clear.
WORD FAMILY
attentive: attentively, attentiveness, inattentive +/ attend: attendance, attendant, attended, attender, attending, attends, attention, attentive / attendance: attendances, nonattendance/ attendant: attendants/attended: unattended/attender: attenders, nonattender/ attention: attentional, attentions, inattention / inattention: inattentions/ inattentive: inattentively, inattentiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the off-season, so not super busy, but no matter as our waiter is attentive and polite.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
I still need to be awake and somewhat attentive but it does the job, especially as he’s a relatively good sleeper anyway.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
They are attentive to fashion trends but not beholden to them.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 注意的; 周到的，殷勤的; 温存; 细心
分布：注意的(80%)，留意的(20%)
关心周到的(attend看护+tive→看护到了→关心周到的)[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
【记】tent拉－拉住注意力－关心的
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
LISTENING 聆听
■listening carefully 认真倾听的；专心的
• an attentive audience 全神贯注的听众
UK [ə'ten.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
HELPING 帮助
■If someone is attentive, they are very helpful and take care of you 关心的；体贴的，照顾周到的
• He was very attentive to her when she was ill. 她生病时，他对她体贴入微。
• A good teacher is always attentive to their students' needs. 一个好的老师总是对学生的需要很关心。
careful, cautious, attentive, prudent
这些形容词均含有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。
careful: 侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。
cautious: 着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。
attentive: 指认真地注意地倾听别人的意见，留心别人的需要等。
prudent: 指遇事审慎，思考计划周密，不贸然行事。
considerate, thoughtful, attentive
这些形容词均含“关心的，体贴的”之意。
considerate: 指能设身处地为别人着想，给予同情或谅解。
thoughtful: 指为他人着想，主动关怀，做有益于他人的事。
attentive: 指对人关怀备至，热情周到，这可能出于真诚，也可能出于私利。
adj. 留意的，注意的
 - advertent, observing

Word: notch
Front: notch
[nɒtʃ] (托雅宝 9472/14781 -1)
Vocabulary: notch
(once / 1135 pages)
nv
A notch is a small cut or nick in something. People make notches to keep track of things.
If you've even seen a little U-shaped or V-shaped cut in something, you've seen a notch. In prison, criminals will make notches on the wall to keep track of how long they've been there. If you're stranded on a desert island, you might make notches on a tree. When you make a notch, you're notching. A notch is also part of a mountain range that is lower than the peaks around it — also called a mountain pass.
WORD FAMILY
notch: notched, notches, notching+/notched: unnotched
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eight goals were selected for a public vote with Mkhitaryan's effort - also against Sunderland, on 26 December - notching up 39.9%.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Kansas State: The Wildcats notched their first win in a conference opener since defeating Oklahoma State in 2014.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At first, this was just another notch in the radical belt, an endurance test for a committed militant.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. (V字形的)槽口; 刻痕; <美>峡谷; 等级
vt. 砍，切; 在…上作刻痕、开槽口; 作刻痕计算; 得分
时态：notched, notching, notches
分布：等级(38%)，切口(33%)，刻痕(13%)，赢得(8%)，计分(4%)，刻凹痕(4%)
→词源不详，可能来自nick,刻痕，引申词义等级。拼写比较bake,batch.
【记】读：no齿，一个人没有门牙，形成V形凹槽
【反】serrated（adj 锯齿状的）－without notches（没有刻痕的）
US [nɑ:tʃ] noun countable
CUT 切割
■a V-shaped cut in a hard surface （硬物表面的）V形槽口，V形切口
• The stick has two notches, one at each end. 这根木棍两端各有一个V形切口。
UK [nɒtʃ] US [nɑ:tʃ] noun countable
POSITION 位置
■an imaginary point or position in a system of comparing values, where a higher position is better and a lower position is worse 等级，档次
• Among current players, she is rated a notch above (= is better than) the rest. 在现役运动员中，她比其他人要高出一个等级。
UK [nɒtʃ] US [nɑ:tʃ] verb transitive
■to cut a notch in something 在…上切V形槽口，在…上刻V形切口
UK [nɒtʃ] US [nɑ:tʃ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] notch sth up informal
■to achieve something 取得，获得
• She has recently notched up her third win at a major tennis tournament. 最近，她在一项重要的网球锦标赛中获胜，取得了她的第三次胜利。
n. [木] 刻痕，凹口；等级；峡谷
 - degree, classification, score, grade, rate
vt. 赢得；用刻痕计算；在…上刻凹痕
 - win, purchase

Word: one-on-one
Front: one-on-one
[wʌn ɔn wʌn] None
Back: adj. 面对面的；一对一的；仅限两人之间的
分布：一对一的(67%)，一对一地(33%)
US [-ɑ:n-] US
adverb
■In sports, if something is done one-on-one, it means that each player from one team is matched to a single player from the other team. （运动中）一对一
⇒ See also one-to-one
adj. 一对一的；直接对立的
 - man-to-man
adv. 一对一；面对面
 - oppositely

Word: dealership
Front: dealership
[ˈdi:ləʃɪp] (9480/24994 -1)
Back: n. 代理权，经销权; 代理商
分布：代理权(41%)，代理商(33%)，经销权(26%)
US [-lɚ-] noun countable
■a company that has permission to sell a particular product （获准出售特定产品的）经销公司
• Their company has just won the dealership for Rolls-Royce. 他们公司刚刚获得了劳斯莱斯公司产品的经销许可。
n. 代理权；代理商；经销权
 - agent, attorneyship

Word: donkey
Front: donkey
[ˈdɒŋki] (研四 9477/7036 -1)
Vocabulary: donkey
(once / 694 pages)
n
A donkey is a four-legged domesticated farm animal with hooves that's related to the horse. Donkeys are known for the braying sound they make and their long ears.
Farmers often keep donkeys for pulling carts, carrying heavy loads, or even for guarding flocks of sheep. In some places, donkeys are ridden like horses or kept as calming companions for nervous horses. The word donkey was first used as slang for the animal then only called an ass. It was probably modeled after monkey, with which it originally rhymed, from dun, or "a grayish brown color."
WORD FAMILY
donkey: donkeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
His Christmas card was a cartoon portraying him and his wife as the two halves of a pantomime donkey.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
This exquisite, deceptively quiet novel opens with a 12-year-old Iranian girl and her donkey, trekking down a desolate desert road.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The moment he was partly transformed into a donkey, the paintbrushes were turned upside down.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 驴，毛驴; 笨蛋，傻瓜; （美国）民主党的象征
分布：驴(99%)，愚蠢的人(1%)
→可能来自人名Duncan. 或来自dun, 暗褐色，词源同dun, 暗褐色，拼写受Monkey影响。
n.驴子;蠢人;顽固的人In the chimney the donkey and monkey found the key to the money monitor.猴和驴在烟囱里找到了货币监视器的钥匙.
US ['dɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an animal like a small horse with long ears 驴
UK ['dɒŋ.ki] US ['dɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
do (all) the donkey work UK informal
■to do the hard, boring part of a job 从事艰苦枯燥的工作
• Why should I do all the donkey work while you sit around doing nothing? 为甚么你在那里闲坐着甚么也不干，而我却要干所有这些枯燥乏味的工作？
UK ['dɒŋ.ki] US ['dɑ:ŋ-] noun countable
donkey's years UK informal
■a very long time 很久，很长时间
• She's been in the same job for donkey's years. 她这份工作做了很久了。
donkey, ass
这组词都有“驴”的意思，其区别是：
donkey: 是普通常用词。
ass: 指驴时显得较古。
n. 驴子；傻瓜；顽固的人
 - ass, stupid

Word: locus
Front: locus
[ˈləʊkəs] (宝 9490/10723)
Vocabulary: locus
(once / 7091 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The center or source of something is known as the locus. A shopping mall is usually a locus for teenagers.
In addition to being a hub or hotspot, locus has specific meanings when used in math or science. In math, a locus is when a set of points all meet at a designated location: a circle is the locus of points equal in length from one given point. In genetics, the locus is the location of a certain gene on a chromosome. A locus is where things are happening. Washington, DC is the locus for politics in the U.S.
WORD FAMILY
locus: loci
USAGE EXAMPLES
About 70% of the genetic loci that contribute to IBD susceptibility are thought to be shared with other complex diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Then there is Trump Tower, the current locus of power for the incoming administration.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
“Putin is the locus of power and the agent of continuity or change. Every problem, large or small, has to come to Putin’s attention.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 所在地，场所; 核心; 色点; 圆图
分布：所在地(53%)，场所(47%)
→来自拉丁语locus,地方，位置，来自stel,站立，放置，词源同stand,stall,install.引申词义所在地，场所，中心。拼写比较ring,来自sker,围，转。
US ['loʊ.kəs] (plural loci) formal
noun countable
■the place where something happens or the central area of interest in something being discussed 发生地；关注的焦点；讨论的中心
• The locus of decision-making is sometimes far from the government's offices. 决策的地点有时根本就不在政府的办公室。
n. [数] 轨迹；地点，所在地
 - location, site, spot, seat, where

Word: camp
Front: camp
[kæmp] (中高研四六托雅 1188/2079 -K4)
Vocabulary: camp
(once / 44 pages)
1nv 2adjnv 3n
When you camp, you set up a temporary place to sleep outdoors, often in a tent. Many people like to camp in a beautiful spot, like the mountains or beside a lake.
Use the word camp to describe what you do when you sleep under the stars, and also the site itself — after a day of hiking, you could say, "Let's head back to camp." You can also talk about your usual group of friends or co-workers as your camp. Political parties are described this way sometimes: "She was popular in the Democratic camp." The root is the Latin word campus, which means "open field, or level space."
WORD FAMILY
camp: camped, camper, camping, camply, camps, campy, encamp+/camper: campers/camping: campings/ campy: campily/encamp: encamped, encamping, encampment, encamps/encampment: encampments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Protesters camped in North Dakota for months to try to stop completion of the project.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Eight Camp Whitehorse personnel were charged with crimes, including negligent homicide.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Photographers were camped outside the heavily guarded residence, hoping to get pictures of investigators arriving.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 营地，工地宿舍; 阵营（指观点相同且与持不同观点者对立的集团）; 兵营; （度假者、旅游者，尤指青少年的）野营地
vt. & vi. 宿营，露营
adj. 夸张的; （男子）女人腔的; 陈腐可笑的; （男人或其举止）故意带女子气的
vi. （尤指在假日）野营; 借住; 行动矫揉造作; 搞同性恋
vt. 使扎营（住宿）; 使宿于营中; 为…提供住处; 临时安顿
时态：camped, camping, camps
分布：营地(48%)，露营(17%)，野营(10%)，宿营(10%)，帐篷(9%)，扎营(6%)
→来自PIE *kamp, 弯，围，即围起来的一块平地，原义也指战场。
营地[camp=field表示"田野"]
n.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营On the camp of the campus the campaign champion put the camera on the camel.在校园的营地上运动冠军将摄影机放在骆驼上.
noun
TENTS/BUILDINGS 帐篷／建筑物
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■a place where people stay in tents or other temporary structures 营地；宿营地
• We pitched/set up camp (= put up our tents) by the lakeside. 我们在湖边扎了营。
 IMPROVER countable
■an area where people are kept temporarily for a particular reason 临时居住地，暂时滞留地
• a labour/prison/refugee camp 劳改／战俘／难民营
countable or uncountable
■a place where soldiers stay when they are training or fighting a war 兵营，军营
• an army camp 军营
[kæmp] noun
OPINION 主张
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who share an opinion, especially a political one 阵营，阵线（尤指政治组织）
• The pro-abortion camp are fighting to decriminalize abortion. 支持堕胎的阵营正在力争使堕胎合法化。
• The party is divided into two distinct camps over the legislation. 该党在这项立法上很鲜明地分为两大阵营。
[kæmp] verb intransitive
■to put up a tent and stay in it for a short while, for example while on holiday 扎营；露营，宿营
• We camped on one of the lower slopes of the mountain. 我们在山脚的一处低坡上扎了营。
[kæmp] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  camp it up informal
■to behave in a camp manner 娘娘腔的，忸怩作态；行为女性化的
[kæmp] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  camp out
■to sleep outside in a tent 露营
[kæmp] adjective informal
■(of a man) behaving and dressing in a way that some people think is typical of a homosexual （男子）女里女气的，同性恋似的
• What's the name of that amazingly camp actor with the high voice and a funny walk? 那个特别女子气、嗓音尖尖、走路可笑的男演员叫甚么？
■using bright colours, loud sounds, unusual behaviour, etc. in a humorous way 夸张的；滑稽可笑的
• Their shows are always incredibly camp and flamboyant. 他们的演出总是花里胡哨，极其夸张。
vi. 露营；扎营
 - sit down, encamp
vt. 扎营；使扎营
 - pitch, sit down
n. 露营
 - encampment, bivouac

Word: blueberry
Front: blueberry
[ˈblu:bəri] (9481/39427)
Back: n. 越橘的一种
分布：蓝莓(94%)，南方越橘(6%)
noun countable
■the dark blue fruit of a bush that is grown in North America, similar to a bilberry 南方越橘浆果，蓝莓（产于北美）

Word: transcribe
Front: transcribe
[trænˈskraɪb] (宝 9467/11892 -1)
Vocabulary: transcribe
(once / 649 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4v
If someone asks you to transcribe something, they want you to listen to it and write down what was said, word for word. Speeches, interviews, and trials are often transcribed for records.
From the Latin transcribere, which means “to copy, write over, or transfer,” the verb transcribe means just that: to write out a copy. You might want to transcribe a recording of an interview onto paper, or maybe you need to transcribe all the notes you collected from an important meeting. If you can remember that trans means “over” and that a scribe is a writer, you shouldn’t forget this word. Fun fact: to transcribe poorly is to transcribble.
WORD FAMILY
transcribe: transcribed, transcriber, transcribes, transcribing, transcription +/ transcriber: transcribers/ transcription: transcriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fahy said, “It’s a big job to transcribe all that.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The search warrant, signed by a judge in August, requests all “audio recordings, transcribed records, text records and other data” from Bates’ Echo speaker.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She was arrested in 1941 and imprisoned for seven months after being caught at a meeting where students were transcribing Allied radio broadcasts for dissemination.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. （用不同的录音手段）转录; 抄写，誊写; 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）
时态：transcribed, transcribing, transcribes
分布：转录(54%)，抄写(39%)，用音标标出(7%)
→tran-,转移，进入，-scribe,写，词源同 describe,description.
抄写,转录(trans+scribe写→把写的东西移到(另一张纸上)→抄写)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
抄写,誊写(trans横+scribe→写过去→誊写)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】trans交换，scribe写－交换写下－抄写
【参】transcription（n 抄写；抄本）
verb transitive
RECORD 记录
■to record something written, spoken or played by writing it down 写下，记录下；抄录
• Tape recordings of conversations are transcribed by typists and entered into the database. 谈话的磁带录音由打字员记录下来，并输入资料库。
[træn'skraɪb] verb transitive
CHANGE 改变
■to change a piece of writing or music into another form, for example into a different writing system or into music for different instruments 转录（为另一种书写形式）；改编（乐曲）
• Transcribing the Ethiopian text into the English alphabet was their first task. 把埃塞俄比亚原文转换成英文是他们的第一项任务。
• The quintet had been transcribed for clarinet and piano. 这个五重奏被改编成单簧管和钢琴二重奏。
vt. 转录；抄写
 - to copy

Word: vicinity
Front: vicinity
[vəˈsɪnəti] (研六托雅宝 9483/7578 -1)
Vocabulary: vicinity
(once / 439 pages)
n
If something is in your vicinity, it's in the surrounding area or nearby region — it's in the neighborhood, so to speak. If there's a garbage dump in your vicinity, you'll certainly smell it.
The noun vicinity evolved from the Latin vicinitas, which means “of or pertaining to neighbors or a neighborhood.” Not until 1796 did the word expand in meaning to also describe a “surrounding district.” Said American author Washington Irving, “A kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity freshen into smiles.” Slang for vicinity include neck of the woods and turf.
WORD FAMILY
vicinity: vicinities+/vicinal: vicinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the search is at some distance from the enclosures, the dolphins would be initially transported by boat to the general vicinity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Russian Foreign Ministry said that a mortar round landed in the embassy courtyard but did not explode and that another fell in the vicinity.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Marissen identifies himself as an agnostic, but adds that in the vicinity of Bach’s music he will never be a “comfortable agnostic.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 附近，邻近; 附近地区; 大约的程度或者数量; 〈罕〉近亲
分布：邻近(86%)，周边地区(14%)
→来自weik,宗族，村落，家庭，社会单位，词源同village,economy,Greenwick。引申词义临近地区，附近。
n.邻近,附近The pious man is dubious about the vicious civilian's vivid description of his vicinity to his wife.虔诚的男子对邪恶的平民生动的描述他与其妻子的密切(关系)半信半疑.
【记】vic＝vice（n 罪恶），in，ity－罪恶的小人一般都在邻近地区
【参】vicinage（n 周围地区）
US [və'sɪn.ə.tˌi] noun only singular
■the immediately surrounding area 周围地区；邻近地区；附近
• There are several hotels in the immediate vicinity of the station. 就在车站附近有好几家饭店。
UK [vɪ'sɪn.ɪ.ti] US [və'sɪn.ə.tˌi] noun only singular
in the vicinity of
■approximately 大约；大概
• The team is believed to have paid in the vicinity of £3 million for Domingo. 该队据说为多明戈支付了大约300万英镑。
vicinity, neighbourbood
这组词都有“邻近，附近”的意思，其区别是：
vicinity: 侧重指距说话人很近的地方。
neighbourbood: 指邻居或同居住者接近的地方，也指街坊四邻或居民点。
region, vicinity, area, district, zone
这组词都有“区域”的意思，其区别是：
region: n.行政区划上更大的地区，如"自治区"；身体部位。
 • The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.   美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。
vicinity: n.周围地区，附近地区。
 • The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.   警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。
area: n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。
 • The New York area has high rents.   纽约地区房租很高。
district: n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区
zone: n.指特定的地方、地带。
 • The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.   市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。

Word: motionless
Front: motionless
[ˈməʊʃnləs] (托 9497/10556 -1)
Vocabulary: motionless
(once / 349 pages)
adj
If you're motionless, you're completely still, not moving a muscle. Your barber might instruct you to remain motionless while he trims the hair around your ears.
Anything that's motionless doesn't move — a statue is motionless, and your bike is motionless lying in the driveway until you climb on it and start pedaling. Photographs are motionless, while video records movement. Your new puppy might be a constantly wiggling, jumping ball of motion until she becomes exhausted and falls sound asleep, motionless. Motion, or movement, comes from a Latin root, motionem, "a movement" or "an emotion."
WORD FAMILY
motionless: motionlessly, motionlessness+/ motion: motional, motioned, motioning, motionless, motions
USAGE EXAMPLES
She and her son walked slowly toward each other and locked in a silent and almost motionless embrace.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Modern office chairs are designed to allow us to sit more or less motionless for hours on end.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
"For several anxious hours we lay, motionless and helpless, outstretched on the ground."
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不动的，静止的; 呆若木鸡的; 不运动的; 靓
分布：不动的(65%)，静止的(35%)
【反】vacillating（adj 犹豫的）
US ['moʊ-] adjective
■without moving 不动的，静止的
• The horse lay motionless on the ground, as if dead. 这匹马一动不动躺在地上，像死了似的。
adj. 静止的；不运动的
 - still, resting

Word: rebel
Front: rebel
[ˈrebl] (研四六托 3776/3456 -4)
Vocabulary: rebel
(once / 118 pages)
nv
When you rebel against your parents by dyeing your hair green and staying out without calling, you are acting in a way that questions both their authority and their rules about what is right and acceptable.
A rebel is someone who fights authority. The story of a rebel often finds its way into books and movies. In the 1950s film "Rebel without a Cause," a teenager rebels against his parents. In the "Star Wars" movies, the Jedi rebel against the Empire. A rebel, whether the cause they are fighting for is just or not, is always the underdog. One pronunciation hint, rebel as a noun has the stress on the first syllable and as a verb on the second.
WORD FAMILY
rebel: rebeled, rebeling, rebelled, rebelling, rebellion, rebels+/ rebellion: rebellions, rebellious / rebellious: rebelliously, rebelliousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rebel groups questioned Russia’s ability to force the Syrian government and their allies to abide by the terms of the ceasefire deal.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The group were found during an army operation in a remote northern region, in which at least 12 rebel fighters were captured.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The country is also facing renewed conflict with Kurdish rebels in the southeast and across the border in Syria and Iraq.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 反政府的人; 反叛者; 造反者; 叛逆者
adj. 反抗的; 造反的
时态：rebelled, rebelling, rebels
分布：反抗(54%)，造反(14%)，反叛者(12%)，叛逆者(12%)，造反者(6%)，反感(2%)
→re-,相对，相反，-bel,战争，词源同 belligerent,bellicose.引申词义反抗，叛逆。
反叛[bell,bel=war,fight,表示"战争,打斗"]
v.反抗,反叛,起义n.叛逆者,起义者The rebels labeled the labor laboring in the laboratory and lavatory.反叛者给在实验室和舆洗室劳动的劳工贴上标签.
noun countable /ˈreb.əl/
 IMPROVER
■a person who is opposed to the political system in their country and tries to change it using force, or a person who shows their disagreement with the ideas of people in authority or of society by behaving differently （试图武装推翻国家政治制度的）反抗者，造反者；（对抗权威或社会的）叛逆者
• The rebels took over the capital and set up a new government. 叛乱分子占领了首都并成立了新政府。
• He was a bit of a rebel when he was a teenager and dyed his hair pink. 他十几岁的时候有些叛逆，把头发染成了粉红色。
verb intransitive /rɪˈbel/
(-ll-)
■to fight against the government or to refuse to obey rules, etc 武力反抗；造反；反叛
• The people rebelled against the harsh new government. 人民起来反抗这个残暴的新政府。
• Jacob rebelled against his parents' plans for him and left school at the age of 16. 父母替雅各做好了计划，他却和他们对着干，在16岁就辍学了。
■to react against a feeling, action, plan, etc 嫌恶；生反感；受不住
• My poor sick stomach rebelled at the idea of any more food. 我的胃不太好，连产生再多吃一点的念头都会反胃。
revolt, resist, rebel
revolt: 反叛，造反，反对，反抗；
resist: vt. 抵抗，反抗，一般为褒义；
rebel: 造反，反叛，贬义
vi. 反叛；反抗；造反
 - strive against, come out against
n. 反叛者；叛徒
 - rat, putschist
adj. 反抗的；造反的
 - resistant, mutinous

Word: humility
Front: humility
[hju:ˈmɪləti] (托宝 9485/11492 -1)
Vocabulary: humility
(once / 565 pages)
n
Humility is the quality of being humble. If you meet one of your heroes and feel nervous and in awe for her, you are experiencing humility.
Humility comes from the Latin word humilis, which literally means low. If you feel humility in front of someone, you feel small in the scheme of things — that you are just a simple, insignificant person. Someone who spends his life taking care of others shows humility. Although it's related to humiliation (which makes you feel low in a bad way), humility is usually used to talk about a lack of ego.
WORD FAMILY
humility: humilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Southgate says some "humility" would "not be a bad thing".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But the public-health bureaucracy demonstrated no such humility, and its overconfidence showed how unprepared the world is to respond to biological threats.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Even so, a little restraint and humility should guide Trump as he finds himself buried in wish lists.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 谦逊，谦恭; 谦让的行为; 谦虚谨慎
分布：谦卑(46%)，谦逊(31%)，谦虚(23%)
→来自拉丁语humilis,尘土一样的，卑微的，来自humus,土，尘土，词源同humus,-ity,名词后缀。即把自身放在尘土一样卑微的位置，引申词义谦逊，谦虚。
谦让;低下(hum+ility状态→地的状态→低下)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
【反】hubris（n 骄傲）；hauteur（n 骄傲自大）；panache（n 虚饰；炫耀）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality of not being proud because you are conscious of your bad qualities 谦逊；谦恭
• He doesn't have the humility to admit when he's wrong. 他在自己犯错的时候不会谦虚地承认。
• They might be very rich, but it wouldn't hurt them to show a little humility. 他们可能非常富有，但是表现得谦逊一点对他们不会有甚么害处。
n. 谦卑，谦逊
 - modesty, humbleness

Word: pleasing
Front: pleasing
[ˈpli:zɪŋ] (托 9486/7545 -K1)
Back: adj. 令人愉快的，舒适的; 惹人喜欢的; 满意的
v. （使…）高兴( please的现在分词); （使…）满意
分布：令人愉快的(75%)，使人满意的(13%)，讨人喜爱的(6%)，动词please的现在分词.(6%)
formal
adjective
■giving a feeling of satisfaction or enjoyment 令人高兴的；令人满意的
• a pleasing performance 赏心悦目的表演
• The music was very pleasing to the ear (= to listen to). 音乐很好听。
• It was pleasing to know that the presentation had gone so well. 得知演出进行得如此顺利，真令人欣慰。
pleasant, pleasing, pleased
pleasant: 常用作定语, a pleasant trip
pleasing: 常用作表语,pleasing主语常为物 The trip is pleasing.
pleased: 常用作表语,pleased主语常为人
adj. 令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；合意的
 - lovely, favorable, grateful, acceptable, enjoyable

Word: billionaire
Front: billionaire
[ˌbɪljəˈneə(r)] (9507/25339 -1)
Back: n. 亿万富翁; 巨富
分布：亿万富翁(100%)
US [-'ner] noun countable
■a person whose wealth is at least 1 000 000 000 in their country's money 亿万富翁，拥有十亿家产的人
n. 亿万富翁
 - zillionaire, centimillionaire

Word: tickle
Front: tickle
[ˈtɪkl] (六 9498/12385 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发痒; （使）愉快，逗乐; 使高兴; 使满足
n. 胳肢; 搔痒; 愉快的情绪
时态：tickled, tickling, tickles
分布：痒(59%)，觉得痒(21%)，使发痒(8%)，逗乐(4%)，使快乐(4%)，抓痒(4%)
→可能来自 tick,滴答声，-le,表反复。引申词义触摸，触碰，呵痒等。
verb
RUB SKIN 摩擦皮肤
transitive
■to touch someone lightly with your fingers, making them slightly uncomfortable and often making them laugh 使觉得痒；挠（某人）的痒痒
• Stop! You're tickling me! 快停下！你令我痒得难受！
• I tickled her feet and she laughed. 我搔了搔她的脚，她笑了起来。
intransitive or transitive
■If a part of the body tickles, or if something tickles it, it feels slightly uncomfortable and you want to rub it （使）发痒；（使）感到痒
• My nose is tickling, I think I'm going to sneeze. 我鼻子发痒，我想我要打喷嚏了。
['tɪk.l] verb
PLEASE 使高兴
transitive often passive informal
■If something tickles you, you find it funny or it pleases you 使开心，使高兴
• old-fashioned I was tickled pink (= very pleased) to hear the news. 听到这个消息，我高兴得不得了。
['tɪk.l] verb
tickle your fancy informal
■If something tickles your fancy, you like it and want to have it 勾起兴趣
• Does anything on the menu tickle your fancy? 菜单上有你感兴趣的吗？
['tɪk.l] noun only singular
TOUCH 触摸
give sb a tickle
■to tickle someone 搔（某人）痒痒
['tɪk.l] noun only singular
COUGH 咳嗽
■an unpleasant feeling in your throat which makes you want to cough （嗓子）痒，发痒
vt. 使发痒；使高兴；使满足
 - please, glad, satisfy, content

Word: audio
Front: audio
[ˈɔ:diəʊ] (研四雅 5975/8088 -2)
Vocabulary: audio
(once / 1773 pages)
n
Audio means sound. If you turn up the volume and turn down the bass on your TV, you adjust the audio.
The noun audio always refers to what you can hear, although there are several different ways to use it. If you covet expensive speakers for your stereo, you wish for new audio equipment, and when someone complains about the sound at a movie theater he might say, "The audio is way too loud." Audio was first used as a prefix, in words like audio-frequency, and came to mean "recorded sound" in the 1930s.
WORD FAMILY
audio
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is linked to a mobile phone app which records the audio of the patient's chest.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Two years ago, Panasonic swerved again, saying it was reviving the Technics brand to target the premium end of the audio market.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The address was shown on television mixing video with Kim speaking and stretches of audio only, as still photos were broadcast.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 听觉的，声音的; 音频的
n. 声音回路; 音响; 可听到的声音; 声音信号
分布：音频(96%)，声音的(2%)，音响设备(1%)，成音频率的(1%)
n./a.音频(响)(的);声音(的),听觉(的)The school's audio-visual apparatus includes a new set of multi-media device.这所中学的视听设备包括一套新的多媒体装置.
US ['ɑ:.di.oʊ] adjective
■connected with sound and the recording and broadcasting of sound 声音的；录音的；播音的；音频的
• an audio cassette 卡式录音带
• audio tape 录音带
• an audio signal 声频讯号
adj. [声] 声音的；音频的，声频的
 - vocal, sonic

Word: jockey
Front: jockey
[ˈdʒɒki] (宝 9512/5884 -2)
Vocabulary: jockey
(once / 1216 pages)
1nv 2v
During a horse race, the riders are called jockeys. Being a jockey is an excellent career choice for someone small.
Jockeys, usually male, are always small people, weighing less than 120 pounds and generally standing no more than five feet five inches tall. This keeps the horses' total weight light, allowing them to run faster. When jockey is used as a verb, it means "to struggle or compete," like when politicians jockey for dominance or kids jockey to be the first in line for a bouncy house. Jockey was originally a Scottish word for "boy."
WORD FAMILY
jockey: jockeyed, jockeying, jockeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He got knocked around a little bit leaving the chute, then after that it was hard to catch them,” jockey Mike Smith said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
As the NFL season enters the homestretch this holiday weekend, several teams will jockey for playoff position while others will seek comfort in consolation prizes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Entrepreneurs are jockeying to be the Shake Shack of Chinese dumplings, of vegan food, of Lebanese flatbread, of Japanese ramen noodles, of artisanal fried chicken.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赛马骑师; 驾驶员; 操作者; 〈英〉小伙子，下属，帮手
vt. 驾驶，操作; 欺骗，欺诈; 骑马，驾驭
vi. 在马赛中骑马; 运用手段谋利; 耍花招
时态：jockeyed, jockeying, jockeys
分布：驾驶员(35%)，骑马(17%)，运用手段谋利(11%)，操作工(11%)，赛马的骑师(11%)，当骑士骑马(5%)，瞒骗(5%)，骗人使做 ...(5%)
→来自常见人名Jock昵称，用来称呼普通人或不认识的小伙。后用于指骑马送信的信使，引申词义赛马骑师，同时，也用于指马匹交易商，即horse-dealer,因这一职业存在许多欺骗行为，干这一行的人名声通常都不太好，引申词义欺诈，耍花招等。
【记】jockey＝joy＋key，主要是为了娱乐－职业赛马骑师Jockey是乔基男性三角裤的商标名，被职业赛马骑师广为采用。
US ['dʒɑ:.ki] noun countable
■a person whose job is riding horses in races 职业赛马骑师
• a champion jockey 职业赛马冠军骑师
UK ['dʒɒk.i] US ['dʒɑ:.ki] verb intransitive
■to attempt to get power or get into a better position than other people using any methods you can 运用各种手段谋利
• Since the death of the president, opposition parties and the army have been jockeying for power. 总统死后各反对党和军队一直在争权夺利。
• As the singer came on stage, the photographers jockeyed for position at the front of the hall. 歌手一上台，摄影师就在音乐厅前方争抢位置。
UK ['dʒɒk.i] US ['dʒɑ:.ki] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  jockey sb into sth
■to persuade someone to do what you want, often by deceiving them in a clever way 诱骗（某人）做…
• [+ -ing verb] The bosses were eventually jockeyed into signing the union agreement. 多名老板最终被哄骗在工会协议上签字。
vt. 驾驶；欺骗；移动
 - sell, drive, fox
n. 操作工；驾驶员；赛马的骑师
 - driver, navigator

Word: mango
Front: mango
[ˈmæŋgəʊ] (9494/19708 -1)
Back: n. 芒果; 芒果树; 泡菜
分布：芒果(100%)
→来自印度泰米尔语mankay,来自man,芒果树，kay,果实。
US [-goʊ] noun countable or uncountable (plural mangoes or mangos)
■an oval tropical fruit with a smooth skin, juicy orange-yellow flesh and a large hard seed in the middle 芒果

Word: stuck
Front: stuck
[stʌk] (9492/4727 -2)
Vocabulary: stuck
(once / 242 pages)
adj
Stuck describes something that's frozen or fixed in one place and can't be moved. If your foot gets stuck in the mud, it means you can't get your foot out of its messy trap.
The lid of a jar can be stuck, and your car can get stuck in traffic; either way, the thing that's stuck isn't going anywhere. You can also use stuck when you can't figure out what to do: you can be stuck on an especially hard math problem or feel stuck in a complicated relationship. The verb stick comes from the Old English stician, pierce or remain fastened.
WORD FAMILY
stuck: stucker, unstuck
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We faced a lot of adversity, but I think we stuck together,” White said.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“They missed some easy shots,” Wall said, “but we stuck with the game plan.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“The court stuck with the basic framework of Virginia, so it’s still pretty messed up, especially in Northern Virginia,” Cannon said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 刺(stick 的过去式及过去分词)
adj. 动不了的; 被卡住的; 被…缠住的; 被…难住的，不知所措
分布：不能动的(68%)，束手无策的(16%)，不得不的(16%)
→来自 stick 过去分词形式。
verb past simple and past participle of
■stick
[stʌk] adjective
 IMPROVER
■unable to move, or fixed in a particular position, place or way of thinking 动不了的；固定的；卡住的；（想法）摆脱不了的
• This door seems to be stuck - can you help me push it open? 这扇门似乎卡住了——你能帮我把它推开吗？
• Seven of us were stuck in the lift for over an hour. 我们七个人被困在电梯里一个多小时。
• I hate being stuck (= having to be) behind a desk - I'd rather work outside. 我讨厌伏案工作——我宁愿在户外工作。
 ADVANCED
■in a difficult situation, or unable to change or get away from a situation 陷入困境的；难以改变的；难以摆脱的
• We'd be stuck if your sister hadn't offered to come round and look after the children tonight. 要不是你姐姐主动愿意今晚过来照顾孩子，我们真不知道该怎么办。
 ADVANCED
■not able to continue reading, answering questions, etc. because something is too difficult （读书或回答问题等）卡住的，被问倒的，答不上来的
• I'm really stuck - have you got any ideas how to answer these questions? 我确实给难住了——你知道该怎么回答这些问题吗？
be stuck with sb/sth
■to have to deal with someone or something unpleasant because you have no choice or because no one else wants to 只得应付；摆脱不了，甩不掉
• We were stuck with him for the entire train journey! 搭火车的整个旅程中我们一直都无法甩掉他！
[stʌk] adjective
be stuck on sb/sth old-fashioned informal
■to like a person or an idea very much 迷恋上，爱上；热衷于
• Nick's really stuck on Maria - he doesn't talk about anything else. 尼克真的喜欢上玛丽亚了——他张口闭口谈的全是她。
[stʌk] adjective
get stuck in (also get stuck into sth) UK informal
■to start doing something enthusiastically 干劲十足地开始做，充满热情地着手做
• We showed them where the crates had to be moved to, and they got stuck in straightaway. 我们向他们指明了这些板条箱该搬到哪里，他们就立刻动手做。
• You really got stuck into your food (= ate your food quickly) - you must have been hungry. 你吃得可真快——你一定是饿了。
• Mum brought in the sandwiches and told us to get stuck in. 妈妈把三明治端进来，叫我们赶紧吃。
v. 刺（stick的过去式）
 - stung

Word: limp
Front: limp
[lɪmp] (研六托雅宝 9496/9898 -2)
Vocabulary: limp
(once / 518 pages)
1vn 2adj
If you walk unevenly, you have a limp. Maybe you pulled your hamstring at the annual Thanksgiving Day Football Showdown, or maybe one leg is three inches shorter than the other. Whatever the reason, if your gait is off kilter, you limp.
You can have a limp (the noun), or you can limp (the verb), and both mean that for some reason your legs don’t work quite in synch. Limp can also be an adjective that means "not strong or firm," like your friends' limp response to your invitation to come help paint your house or when your hair looks limp, meaning it's just hanging, with no volume or style.
WORD FAMILY
limp: limped, limper, limping, limpingly, limply, limpness, limps+/limper: limpers/limping: limpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He limped off the field, but he didn’t think the injury was serious.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 跛行; 挣扎着慢慢前进; （诗的）韵律紊乱
vi. 一瘸一拐地走; 困难地航行
adj. 无力的; 无生气的; 易弯的; 松软的
时态：limped, limping, limps
分布：跛行(39%)，柔软的(20%)，无力的(15%)，蹒跚(13%)，软弱的(13%)
→来自*limp,跛的，来自Proto-Germanic*limpana,悬垂，垂下，引申词义一脚长，一脚短，跛脚的，无生气的。
a.柔软的,易曲的v./n.蹒跚,跛行The limping shrimp impulsively implemented the compulsory duty.跛行的虾冲动实现强制的职责.
【反】firm（adj 结实的；稳固的）
verb
PERSON/ANIMAL 人／动物
intransitive
■to walk slowly and with difficulty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot 瘸着脚走，跛行
• Three minutes into the match, Jackson limped off the pitch with a serious ankle injury. 比赛刚刚开始三分钟，杰克逊就因脚踝严重受伤而下场。
[lɪmp] verb
PROCESS/THING 事／过程
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to move or develop slowly and with difficulty 步履维艰；缓慢发展
• The little boat limped slowly towards the shore. 那艘小船缓慢地向岸边靠近。
• After limping along for almost two years, the economy is starting to show signs of recovery. 经过差不多两年的徘徊，经济开始出现了复苏的迹象。
[lɪmp] adjective
■soft and neither firm nor stiff 软的，柔软的；轻柔的
• a limp lettuce leaf/salad 软塌塌的莴苣叶／沙拉
• a limp handshake 软弱无力的握手
[lɪmp] noun only singular
■a way of walking slowly and with diffculty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot （因为腿脚受伤或疼痛）艰难缓慢的行走
• She has a slight limp. 她有点瘸。
• He walks with a limp. 他走路一瘸一拐的。
adj. 柔软的，无力的；软弱的
 - weak, soft, tender, ductile
vi. 跛行，一拐一拐地走；缓慢费力地前进
 - hirple, hilch
n. 跛行
 - claudication, hirple

Word: biotechnology
Front: biotechnology
[ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi] (9499/13260 -1)
Back: n. [生物]生物工艺学; [生物]生物技术
分布：生物技术(100%)
US [-oʊ.tek'nɑ:.lə-] (informal biotech)
noun uncountable
■the use of living things, especially cells and bacteria, in industrial processes 生物技术；生物工艺学
• a biotech company/firm 生物技术公司

Word: key
Front: key
[ki:] (中高雅 1093/1267 -K4)
Vocabulary: key
(once / 125 pages)
1nv 2nvadj 3nv 4n 5n 6n 7n 8n
A key is a piece of metal that fits inside a lock and turns to open it. You might have a key ring with a house key, a car key, and maybe several more keys.
A key is typically cut from metal, although many hotels use plastic keys for their guest rooms. If you are told that your attendance is key, you know you have to go. Another meaning of key is a button or lever you press with your fingers, like a piano key or a typewriter key. A key is also an explanation, like the answer key for a test or the key to success. And when you sing in key, you have the correct pitch.
WORD FAMILY
key: keyed, keying, keyless, keys+/keyed: keyeder, unkeyed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wall, the team’s leading assist man, is the key to the success of the other Wizards.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
One key question: Why is it called “science”?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Meanwhile, Islamic State militants launched an attack on the main road from Baghdad to Mosul, a key military supply route.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 钥匙; （打字机等的）键; 关键，线索，秘诀; （音乐的）调
vt. 键入; 锁上; 调节…的音调; 提供线索
vi. 使用钥匙
adj. 关键的; 主要的
时态：keyed, keying, keys
分布：键(48%)，关键(32%)，钥匙(13%)，关键的(4%)，答案(1%)，主要的(1%)，键入(1%)
→来自古英语caeg,钥匙，可能来自Proto-Germanic*ki,劈开，分开，来自ke,使锋利，磨，词源同cone,hone.后用于指钥匙，引申词义琴键，键盘，比喻义关键，核心。
n.钥匙;答案;关键;键a.主要的,关键的In the chimney the donkey and monkey found the key to the money monitor.猴和驴在烟囱里找到了货币监视器的钥匙.
noun countable
LOCK 锁
 ESSENTIAL
■a piece of metal that has been cut into a special shape and is used for opening or closing a lock, starting a car engine, etc 锁匙
• car/door keys 车／门锁匙
[ki:] noun countable
PART 部件
 ADVANCED
■any of the set of moving parts that you press with your fingers on a computer, typewriter or musical instrument to produce letters, numbers, symbols or musical notes （电脑、打字机或乐器的）键
[ki:] noun countable
MUSICAL NOTES 音调
■a set of musical notes based on one particular note 调，主音
• The song changes key halfway through. 歌曲在中间部分调子变了。
• the key of C minor C小调
[ki:] noun countable
LIST 列表
■a list of the symbols used in a map or book with explanations of what they mean （地图、书等的）符号说明，图例
[ki:] noun countable
the key to sth
■the best or only way to achieve something 实现…的关键；完成…的要诀
• Hard work is the key to success. 勤奋是成功的关键。
[ki:] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■very important and having a lot of influence on other people or things 极重要的，关键性的
• She was a key figure in the international art world. 她是国际艺术界的重要人物。
• a key factor in tackling the problem 解决问题的关键因素
[ki:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] key sth in
■to put information into a computer or a machine using a keyboard 用键盘输入（讯息）
⇒ See also keyboard
[ki:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] key sth to sb
■to arrange or plan something so that it is suitable for a particular person or situation 使适合于；针对…安排（或计划）
• The books are keyed to the interests of very young children. 这些书是针对幼儿的兴趣而专门设计的。
n. （打字机等的） [机] 键； [计] 关键； [五金] 钥匙
 - digital, crux
vt. 键入；锁上；调节…的音调；提供线索
 - lock, keyboard
adj. [计] 关键的
 - pivotal

Word: traveling
Front: traveling
['trævlɪŋ] (雅 9505/-)
Vocabulary: traveling
(once / 449 pages)
n
If you're going from one place to another, you're traveling. People love to go traveling to see new places and experience different cultures. When people are traveling, they’re not just running around the block; they're on a journey.
Traveling comes from the Old French word travil, meaning “suffering or painful effort” or “trouble” as in traveling a long distance in a covered wagon. But remember, that was back before airplanes, G.P.S. units, and suitcases with wheels. Any kind of traveling has a destination, whether you're headed to a resort or a business meeting in a different city. Lots of people enjoy traveling in the summer when there’s no school. Woohoo!
WORD FAMILY
traveling: travelings+/ travel: travelable, traveled, traveler, traveling, travelled, traveller, travelling, travels/traveled: untraveled/traveler: travelers/travelled: untravelled/traveller: travellers/ travelling: travellings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A preliminary investigation shows two Fairfax men were traveling in a truck with a lowboy flatbed trailer attached.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Christian Weiss, who supervises the coin and bank-note collection at the Swiss National Museum, said the Swiss favor cash even when traveling abroad.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s been quite a day of traveling, and I’m in need of sustenance.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 同行的; 活动的; 移动的
n. <篮球>带球走步，走步违例
分布：旅行的(88%)，移动的(12%)

Word: bony
Front: bony
[ˈbəʊni] (9500/12812 -1)
Vocabulary: bony
(once / 1460 pages)
adj
Someone who's bony is very thin. Your cat may have been plump when he was young, and become bony as he got older.
If you're so skinny that your bones are prominent, your friends might call you bony and encourage you to eat more. Another way to use the adjective bony is to mean "like bone" or "containing bone." Some animals have bony shells or protective plates — and you might not enjoy your fish dinner if it's way too bony. Bony shares a root with bone, the Old English ban, "bone or tusk."
WORD FAMILY
bony: bonier, boniest, bonily, boniness, bonyness+/ bone: boned, boneless, bonelet, bonelike, bones, boney, boning, bony, debone/boneless: bonelessly/bones: boneses, boness/debone: deboned
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lines provide a record of the tooth’s history: Each line represents the daily deposit of bony tissue called dentine within the tooth’s enamel shell.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
But now their set jaws are even more square, and bony, to the point of being skeletal.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
In contrast, Trump’s vote “was incredibly efficient,” said Tom Bonier of TargetSmart, a Democratic data and strategy firm based in Washington.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 骨的; 多骨的; 骨瘦如柴的; 骨头突出的
分布：瘦骨嶙峋的(61%)，多骨的(24%)，如骨的(15%)
US ['boʊ-] adjective
■very thin 瘦削的；皮包骨头的
• long bony fingers 细长瘦削的手指
adj. 骨的；多骨的；瘦骨嶙峋的；似骨的
 - osseous, osteal

Word: anthem
Front: anthem
[ˈænθəm] (托雅宝 9491/10216 -1)
Vocabulary: anthem
(once / 1657 pages)
n
Rousing, reverential, sometimes even revolutionary, an anthem is a song that represents the ideals of a group of people.
Anthem comes from Old English antefn. The original word meant a song sung antiphonally, or in turns by two groups of singers. Today, anthem has little to do with the way the vocals are arranged and more to do with the content of the message. When a group of people sing an anthem, whether it’s the national anthem, or the anthem of your third-grader’s beetle-collecting club, they express their devotion to a cause they identify with.
WORD FAMILY
anthem: anthems
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sat on the bench when the national anthem was sung in the first two games of the preseason.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And athletes’ celebrity shouldn’t inhibit their opportunity to express themselves, whether it’s their T-shirt, footwear or posture during the national anthem.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
According to his Facebook page, Stephen Conrad was living in Phoenix, Ariz., where he was the golf shop assistant at Anthem Golf and Country Club.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. [宗]赞美诗，圣歌，赞歌; 校歌; 国歌; 圣歌，赞歌
vt. 唱圣歌庆祝; 唱赞歌
分布：圣歌(54%)，赞美诗(46%)
→来自希腊词antiphona传入古英语的变体。前缀anti-, 相对。词根phone, 声音，歌。指对歌，神圣的音乐。后在英语里特指国歌。
【记】1）anth花－象花一样的歌－赞美歌2）an一首，them他们：一首他们一起唱的歌－国歌
noun countable
■a song which has special importance for a particular group of people, an organization or a country, often sung on a special occasion 国歌；（团体组织的）颂歌，赞歌
• The national anthems of the teams are played at the beginning of a big international football match. 在重大国际足球赛开赛时，演奏各参赛球队的国歌。
• John Lennon's "Imagine" has become the anthem of peace-lovers all over the world. 约翰‧蓝侬的《想像》已成为全世界和平爱好者的颂歌。
■a short religious song sung by a choir with organ music （宗教）颂歌
n. 赞美诗；圣歌
 - spiritual, chorale

Word: vanity
Front: vanity
[ˈvænəti] (研四六托雅宝 9493/9956 -1)
Vocabulary: vanity
(once / 254 pages)
n
Vanity is the quality of being vain, or having a ridiculous amount of pride. If you have excessive vanity in your appearance, you probably spend long hours sitting at your vanity table doing your makeup or plucking your nose hairs.
If you pride yourself on looking absolutely perfect and refuse to do any work that might dirty your clothes or mess up your hair, someone might accuse you of vanity. Often vanity is empty, like the emperor’s in The Emperor's New Clothes. If someone pays to have her own book published even though it’s really bad, we say it is a vanity printing.
WORD FAMILY
vanity: vanities+/ vain: vainer, vainest, vainly, vanity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Her advice would be to keep true to yourself and don’t lose yourself. Or your eyebrows,” Lourd told Vanity Fair.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Vanity Fair played that perfectly,” Mr. Farrell said.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Because then it becomes a lot about vanity, and that's a different game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 虚荣，浮华; 自负; 空虚，无聊的事物; 无价值的东西
分布：虚荣心(78%)，自负(11%)，浮华(9%)，无价值的东西(2%)
→来自vain,自负的，虚无的，徒劳的，词源同vainglory.
空虚;虚荣心(van+ity→心里空空→虚荣心)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
n.虚荣心,浮华The humorous rumour has something to do with human humanity and vanity.那个幽默传闻与人类的仁慈和虚荣心有关.
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
SELFISH 自负
uncountable disapproving
■when you are too interested in your appearance or achievements 虚荣；自负
• He wants the job purely for reasons of vanity and ambition. 他想得到那份工作纯粹是为了满足虚荣和野心。
UK ['væn.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun
FURNITURE 家俱
countable US for
■ dressing table
■countable US for * a vanity unit
n. 虚荣心；空虚；浮华；无价值的东西
 - blank, mud

Word: scour
Front: scour
[ˈskaʊə(r)] (托宝 9501/11212 -1)
Vocabulary: scour
(once / 1188 pages)
1vn 2v
If you're going to scour those dishes, you'll need a good scouring pad. To scour also means to examine something very, very closely. Having lost his contact lens at the party, Robert asked everyone to scour the room to help him find it.
When you scour something with your eyes, you examine or search it very closely. For example, when the girl went missing, the police used dogs and helicopters to scour the area. When you scour something with your hands, you scrub it very hard—often with a brush or pad—until the surface is spotless. For example, to remove the graffiti from the wall outside the restaurant you'll have to scour it by hand, probably for hours. Looking for a job? Scour those classified ads!
WORD FAMILY
scour: scoured, scourer, scouring, scours+/scourer: scourers/scouring: scourings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before slavery was restricted by the Spanish crown, in 1542, slaving parties scoured Honduras, kidnapping Indians to work plantations, mines, and households.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She scoured the internet for information about stillbirths and pinched umbilical cords - the culprit in her son’s death.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Kurt Walthour with the Delaware County bomb technicians says the technicians were scouring the scene for evidence “to try to help trace this back.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 冲刷; 擦亮; 四处搜索; （用泻药）泻
n. 擦; 冲刷; 洗涤剂
时态：scoured, scouring, scours
分布：搜寻(47%)，腹泻(32%)，擦洗(21%)
→来自中古荷兰语 scuren,清洗，擦拭，来自拉丁语 excurare,清洗，使干净，字面意思为照看， 处理，来自 ex-,向外，表强调，curare,看护，关心，词源同 cure,curator.scour 搜查，翻找
搜索;巡视(scour=course)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】地板没有scour，就会被scourge（v /n 鞭笞），然后失去courage
US [skaʊr] verb transitive
CLEAN 清除 (also scour out)
■to remove dirt from something by rubbing it hard with something rough 擦，擦净；刷，刷掉
• You'll have to scour out those old cooking pots before you use them. 这些旧锅使用之前得好好刷一刷。
UK [skaʊər] US [skaʊr] verb transitive
SEARCH 搜索
■to search a place or thing very carefully in order to try to find something 认真搜索，细查
• The police are scouring the countryside for the missing child. 警方在乡村四处搜查，寻找失踪的孩子。
• I scoured the shops for a blue and white shirt, but I couldn't find one anywhere. 我跑遍商店想买一件蓝白相间的衬衫，但却怎么也买不到。
UK [skaʊər] US [skaʊr] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scour sth out
■to make a hole by a movement that is repeated continuously over a long period of time 冲刷出；磨出
• The fast-moving water had scoured out a channel in the rock. 急流在岩石上冲刷出一道凹槽。
vi. 冲刷；擦；腹泻
 - mop up, wipe
vt. 擦亮，洗涤；冲洗，清除
 - wash, rub up
n. 擦，冲刷；洗涤剂；（畜类等的）腹泻
 - swabbing, brushup

Word: caffeine
Front: caffeine
[ˈkæfi:n] (9489/22623 -1)
Vocabulary: caffeine
(once / 8678 pages)
n
Good morning! Caffeine keeps you awake! It’s that zippy chemical found in coffee, tea, and sodas. In fact, it comes from the German word for “coffee.”
Caffeine is a chemical found naturally in the seeds of some fruits and nuts, like coffee beans and kola nuts. It’s a stimulant, so it makes people feel alert. People love to start their mornings with coffee to help them perk up for the day. The word comes from the German Kaffein, coined in 1830 by a chemist who combined the word for "coffee," Kaffee, with -in, a German chemical suffix.
WORD FAMILY
caffeine: decaffeinate+/decaffeinate: decaffeinated
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scientists tested slime molds' ability to habituate by challenging them with quinine and caffeine — chemicals that are bitter-tasting but otherwise harmless.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A blood test showed only caffeine was in his system.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A blood test showed that only caffeine was in his system.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [药]咖啡因; 咖啡碱; 茶精（兴奋剂）
分布：咖啡因(100%)
→来自cafe, 咖啡。-ine, 化学后缀，见cocaine.
咖啡因(caffee咖啡+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
noun uncountable
■a chemical, found for example in tea and coffee, which is a stimulant (= something which makes people more active) 咖啡因，咖啡碱
n. [药] [有化] 咖啡因；茶精（兴奋剂）
 - coffeine, thein

Word: dilute
Front: dilute
[daɪˈlu:t] (研六托雅宝 9506/7662 -2)
Vocabulary: dilute
(once / 1190 pages)
vadj
When you dilute something, you make it thinner, weaker, or more watered down. If you put lots of ice cubes in your soda, the ice will melt and dilute the drink.
Think about diluting as lessening the quality but increasing the quantity. Unless you're diluting a really strong drink to make it taste better or diluting heavy paint to get a lighter shade — then the quality actually improves. Quipped President John F. Kennedy, “Public speaking is the art of diluting a two-minute idea with a two-hour vocabulary.”
WORD FAMILY
dilute: dilutant, diluted, dilutes, diluting, dilution +/dilutant: dilutants/diluted: undiluted/ dilution: dilutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many are up all year, further diluting their Christmas connotation.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The process starts by injecting an animal, often a horse, with a small amount of diluted venom from a particular snake.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Eight other samples were diluted with coffee granules or contained more salt than is physiologically possible in a healthy human.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 稀释，冲淡
adj. 稀释的，冲淡的
时态：diluted, diluting, dilutes
分布：稀释(71%)，冲淡(16%)，稀释的(11%)，冲淡的(2%)
→di-, 分开，散开，来自dis-变体。-lut, 流，注入，词源同lava, deluge. 即流散，稀释。
冲淡,稀释(di+lute冲洗→冲洗开→冲淡)[di-①表示"两个,双"②表示"使…变成,分开,离开"]
冲淡;稀释(di分开+lute→冲开→冲淡)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
vt.稀释,冲淡a.稀释的,冲淡的The nurse diluted the drug with saline water.护士用生理盐水把药加以稀释.
【记】di向下，lute冲－稀释
【反】concentrate（v 浓缩）
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else 稀释，冲淡
• Dilute the juice (with water) before you drink it. 果汁先（用水）稀释一下再喝。
■to reduce the strength of a feeling, action, etc. 减缓，减轻，缓冲
• These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety. 采取这些措施是为了减轻公众对该产品安全的恐慌。
[daɪ'lu:t] adjective (US usually diluted)
■made weaker by diluting 经过稀释的，低浓度的
• dilute hydrochloric acid 经过稀释的盐酸
diffuse, dilute, disperse, dissolve
diffuse: 使扩散（气体或热量等的扩散或弥漫）
dilute: 稀释，减少事物的强度，浓度，纯度
disperse: 扩散，消散
dissolve: 溶解，固体溶解于水中
adj. 稀释的；淡的
 - watery, attenuant
vt. 稀释；冲淡；削弱
 - break, deliquate
vi. 变稀薄；变淡
 - thin

Word: televised
Front: televised
[ˈteləˌvaɪzd] (9488/12558)
Back: v. 由电视播送( televise的过去式和过去分词 ); 电视拍摄
分布：用电视放映(100%)
VERB
通过电视播放
If an event or programme is televised, it is broadcast so that it can be seen on television.
例：The Grand Prix will be televised by the BBC.汽车大奖赛将由英国广播公司进行电视转播。

Word: twig
Front: twig
[twɪg] (托雅宝 9522/8838 -1)
Back: n. 细枝，嫩枝
v. 理解，明白
时态：twigged, twigging, twigs
分布：嫩枝(33%)，小枝(27%)，领悟(20%)，理解(20%)
→来自古英语 twig,细枝，小枝，来自 Proto-Germanic*twigga,叉子，分叉，来自 dwo,二， 词源同 two.
noun countable
■a small thin branch of a tree or bush, especially one removed from the tree or bush and without any leaves 细枝，嫩枝
• We collected dry twigs to start the fire. 我们捡干的细树枝生火。
[twɪg] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-) informal
■to suddenly realize something （突然）懂得，明白，领悟
• [+ question word] Then he twigged wh at I meant. 然后他一下子明白了我的意思。
• She's six months pregnant and he still hasn't twigged. 她怀孕六个月了，可他还没意识到。
vi. 理解
 - cotton on, get at
vt. 理解
 - see, absorb, read, seize, cotton on
n. 小枝；嫩枝；末梢
 - shoots, ramulus

Word: throughout
Front: throughout
[θru:ˈaʊt] (高研四六雅 983/859 -K4)
Vocabulary: throughout
(once / 86 pages)
adv
Use the adverb throughout for things that keep going from beginning to end. If you mention your perfect grades several times throughout a conversation, your interviewer will know you're smart, but might also think you're kind of obnoxious.
Throughout means "from start to finish," although it doesn't have to mean constantly from start to finish. Your brother might complain that you had to stop and pee throughout the entire road trip, but he doesn't mean you were literally doing it the whole time, just like every two hours. In academic writing, throughout, or sometimes passim ("throughout" in Latin) is a way of saying that an idea shows up all over a book, not just on a certain page.
WORD FAMILY
throughout
USAGE EXAMPLES
ProtectUMD is a coalition of organizations throughout the University of Maryland’s campus dedicated to uniting the different voices into one voice for change.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Gates remained the world’s richest person throughout the year.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“We worked so hard throughout the season, it just sums it all up,” Schmidt said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: prep. （表示时间）自始至终; 在…期间; 遍及…地域; 遍及…场所
adv. 处处; 始终; 在所有方面
分布：贯穿(32%)，到处(25%)，自始至终(23%)，遍及(20%)
prep.遍及,贯穿ad.到处,自始至终,彻底They painted the house throughout.他们把房子全都油漆了一遍.
preposition adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■in every part, or during the whole period of time 在各处；自始至终
• People throughout the country are out of work. 全国各地的人们都失去了工作。
• He yawned throughout the performance. 演出期间他一直在打哈欠。
• The school has been repainted throughout. 学校各处都重新粉刷了一遍。
adv. 自始至终，到处；全部
 - everywhere, around, wholly, about
prep. 贯穿，遍及
 - over all

Word: bulky
Front: bulky
[ˈbʌlki] (托 9495/9875 -1)
Vocabulary: bulky
(once / 1825 pages)
adj
A giant box you need to carry to the post office, clothes you wear in the snow — both of these things are bulky or large and difficult to deal with.
Inside the word bulky you see the word bulk which refers to the size of something, usually something large. When something is bulky, it has a lot of size or heft, though it is not necessarily heavy. Pillows, for example, are bulky. It's just big in an inconvenient way. Thick yarn, or a sweater made from thick yarn, is also said to be bulky. It's thicker than your average yarn.
WORD FAMILY
bulky: bulkier, bulkiest, bulkily, bulkiness+/ bulk: bulked, bulking, bulks, bulky
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Crimson Tide’s bulky defensive linemen firmly held their ground at the point of attack while the linebackers quickly clogged the hole.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Kids and older skiers may find it challenging to carry bulky and heavy ski equipment too far,” Ms. Davidson said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
He spots a seventh-grader trotting home beneath a bulky backpack.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 庞大的; 笨重的; 体积大的
级别：bulkier, bulkiest
分布：笨重的(53%)，庞大的(43%)，肥大的(4%)
adjective
■too big and taking up too much space 庞大而占地方的
• bulky equipment 庞大的设备
adj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的
 - enormous, huge

Word: freshwater
Front: freshwater
[ˈfreʃwɔ:tə(r)] (9504/12948 -1)
Back: adj. 淡水的; 内陆的
n. 淡水; 内河; 淡水湖
分布：淡水(97%)，淡水的(3%)
→fresh, 纯的，淡的。water, 水。
US [-ˌwɑ:.tˌɚ] adjective [before noun]
■living in or containing water that is not salty 淡水中生长的；淡水的
• freshwater fish 淡水鱼
• a freshwater lake/river 淡水湖／河
Compare salt water
adj. 淡水的；无经验的
 - raw, limnetic
n. 淡水；内河；湖水
 - plain water, sweet water

Word: outdoors
Front: outdoors
[ˌaʊtˈdɔ:z] (高四六托 7559/15004 -K1)
Back: adv. 在户外; 向户外
n. 户外; 露天; 野外; 世间
分布：户外(85%)，野外(8%)，在野外(5%)，在户外地(1%)，名词outdoor的复数形式.(1%)
US [-'dɔ:rz] adverb noun
 ADVANCED
■outside （在）户外，（在）野外
• If the weather's good, we'll eat outdoors (= not in a building). 如果天气好，我们将在室外用餐。
• Every year he takes a month off work to go trekking in the great outdoors (= in the countryside, far away from towns). 他每年休假一个月，到野外徒步旅行。
⇒ See also out of doors at door
adv. 在户外
 - alfresco, out-of-doors
n. 户外
 - open air
adj. 户外的（等于outdoor）
 - out of door, hypaethral

Word: skyline
Front: skyline
[ˈskaɪlaɪn] (9513/12103 -1)
Back: n. 地平线; （以天空为背景的）轮廓线; 架空索; 展览会场的顶层
vt. 天空映衬出…的轮廓
分布：地平线(92%)，以天空为背景的轮廓(8%)
noun countable usually singular
■a shape or pattern made against the sky, especially by buildings （尤指建筑物在天空映衬下的）空中轮廓
• You get a good view of the New York skyline from the Statue of Liberty. 从自由女神像上可以清楚地看到纽约的空中轮廓。
n. 地平线；空中轮廓线； [机] 架空索
 - horizon lines, horizont

Word: repeat
Front: repeat
[rɪˈpi:t] (中高研四六托 1602/1398 -K4)
Vocabulary: repeat
(once / 43 pages)
vn
You can use the word repeat for things that happen again. You can use the word repeat for things that happen again. When you repeat, you do or say the same thing more than once.
Sometimes you need to repeat what you said because someone didn’t hear it or understand it the first time, and other times you might repeat a statement for emphasis — you say it twice to really get your point across; in some cases you'll get "I heard you the first time" in return. Doing something over is another way to repeat, as when you repeat a test or draw a smiley face all over your notebooks in a repeat pattern.
WORD FAMILY
repeat: repeatable, repeated, repeater, repeating, repeats, repetition, repetitive +/repeatable: unrepeatable/ repeated: repeatedly /repeater: repeaters/repeating: repeatings/ repetition: repetitions, repetitious / repetitious: repetitiously, repetitiousness/ repetitive: nonrepetitive, repetitively, repetitiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am remembering how my mother lived with breast cancer for 14 years, through two mastectomies and repeated chemotherapy and radiation.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He rubbed his hands together and kept repeating those words: “It hurts.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“This needs to be repeated since one of the human ways of talking oneself into inhuman acts is to cite the supposed cruelty of nature.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 复述，背诵; 重复
vi. 重做; 重复投票
n. （节目）重演; 重复; 重复的事物
时态：repeated, repeating, repeats
分布：重复(89%)，反复(5%)，重复的(3%)，复述(2%)，反复的(1%)
→来 自 拉 丁 语 repetere, 重 复 做 ， 来 自 re-, 再 ， 重 新 ， petere, 追 寻 ， 努 力 ， 要 求， 词 源 同 compete,petition.
v.重复,重说,重做n.重复He repeatedly repeats, "Eat meat."他再三重复说:"吃肉."
verb
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to say or tell people something more than once 重复；重说
• Would you mind repeating what you just said? 您能重复一遍刚才您讲的话吗？
• Please don't repeat what I've just told you to anyone else. 请不要把我刚才对你所说的话告诉任何人。
• [+ that] She repeated that she had no intention of standing for President. 她重申没有竞选总统的打算。
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to happen, or to do something, more than once 重做；重复
• The test must be repeated several times. 这个试验一定要重复做数次。
• This is an offer never to be repeated. 如不接受这个报价，以后就再也没有这样的机会了。
• Johnny had to repeat a year/class at school. 庄尼不得不留级一年／留级。
• [R] Some historians think that history repeats it self. 有些历史学家认为历史会重演。
repeat yourself
■to say the same thing again, or the same things again and again 重复说；翻来覆去地说同样的事情
• His speech was dreadful - he just kept repeating himself. 他的演讲令人生厌——他只是翻来覆去地重复那一点内容。
[rɪ'pi:t] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  repeat on sb
■When food repeats on you, the taste of it comes up again into your mouth 在（某人）口中留下余味
• Cucumber always repeats on me. 我一吃黄瓜，嘴里就老有一股黄瓜味。
[rɪ'pi:t] noun countable
■when something happens or is done more than once 重现；重复；重做
• All this is a repeat/a repeat performance of what happened last year. 这完全是去年发生的事件的重演。
■a television or radio programme that is broadcast again 重播节目
• There's nothing but repeats on television these days. 这些天电视净重播以前的节目。
cite, quote, repeat
这组词都有“引用，复述”的意思，其区别是：
cite: 指引经据典以示证明或凭据。
quote: 指不加剪裁的直接引用原文或原话。
repeat: 仅强调口头或笔头重复别人的话或字句，并不必指明出处。
vt. 重复；复制；背诵
 - read back, echo
n. 重复；副本
 - counterpart, iterance
vi. 重做；重复发生
 - do over, begin again

Word: waterway
Front: waterway
[ˈwɔ:təweɪ] (9511/10080 -1)
Back: n. 水路; 航道; 排水沟
分布：航道(36%)，水路(32%)，水道(31%)，舷侧排水沟(1%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a narrow area of water, such as a river or canal , which ships or boats can sail along 航道；水路
n. [水运] 航道；水路； [船] 排水沟
 - navigation channel, canalage

Word: kite
Front: kite
[kaɪt] (中高研四六 9509/5870 -1)
Vocabulary: kite
(once / 1246 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A kite is a diamond-shaped flying toy on a string that's usually made of fabric or paper. If someone tells you "to go fly a kite," they want to get rid of you. If you follow their directions, however, you will end up having fun.
When you fly a kite, you unspool your string as the kite catches a breeze and rises higher and higher in the air. Kites were first flown in China, most likely around the fifth century BCE. Another kind of kite is the small hawk famous in ancient Egyptian mythology as the animal form taken by Isis when she brought the dead back to life. The toy kite is named after the bird, since they both soar through the air.
WORD FAMILY
kite: kited, kites, kiting
USAGE EXAMPLES
But they also speak volumes about the value of Kite’s main scientific partner: the United States government.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
We sit around all day on the internet; they played with kites.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
After failing to fly kites, the cast shares personal stories at a bonfire on the beach.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 风筝; 鸢（猛禽）; 空头支票; 光棍
vt. 涂改（支票）; 使上涨; 上升
vi. 使用空头支票; 轻快地移动
时态：kited, kiting, kites
分布：风筝(93%)，鸢(4%)，空头支票(2%)，使上升(1%)
→来自古英语cyta,鹰，鸢，拟声词，模仿这种鸟的叫声，引申词义风筝，因飞翔的风筝如雄鹰展翅而得名。后用于习语go fly a kite,放风筝，放某人的鸽子，引申词义欺骗，伪造支票等。
n.风筝On the exciting kite site, the excited reciter cited my verse.在激动人心的风筝现场,激动的朗诵者应用了我的诗句.
noun countable
FLYING OBJECT 飞行物
■an object consisting of a frame covered with plastic, paper or cloth that is flown in the air at the end of a long string, especially for pleasure 风筝
• to fly a kite 放风筝
[kaɪt] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a large bird that kills and eats small animals 鸢
vt. 骗钱；涂改（支票）
 - rature

Word: ultraviolet
Front: ultraviolet
[ˌʌltrəˈvaɪələt] (研六托雅 9521/17084 -1)
Vocabulary: ultraviolet
(once / 11611 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective ultraviolet to describe light with a wavelength that's less than visible light, but longer than x-rays. You can't see ultraviolet light.
You might hear people talk about ultraviolet light as UV radiation — it's the part of sunlight that can give you a sunburn if you're exposed to it for too long. In physics, this kind of electromagnetic radiation is defined by how long its waves are. The word itself, ultraviolet, refers to the fact that its wavelength is shorter than the violet end of the spectrum of visible light. The Latin prefix ultra means "beyond."
WORD FAMILY
ultraviolet
USAGE EXAMPLES
Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to tame inflammation, is an option, too.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Atomic clocks use ultraviolet signals emitted in the change of electron energy levels to tell the time.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Researchers at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory outside Geneva, trained an ultraviolet laser on antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 紫外的; 紫外线的; 产生紫外线的
n. 紫外线辐射; 紫外光
分布：紫外线(89%)，紫外线的(11%)
→ultra-, 超过的，极其的，violet, 紫色的。
紫外线的(ultra+violet紫色的)[ultra-①表示"极端"②表示"超出,超过"]
a./n.紫外线(的)
[ˌʌl.trə'vaɪə.lət] (abbreviation UV)
adjective
■describes light that has a wavelength which is after the violet (= light purple) end of the range of colours that can be seen by humans. Light of this type causes the skin to become darker in the sun. 紫外线的
adj. [光] 紫外的；紫外线的
 - extraviolet

Word: wizard
Front: wizard
[ˈwɪzəd] (9502/10332 -1)
Back: n. 男巫; 行家; 奇才; 向导（程序）
分布：术士(88%)，鬼才(12%)
→wiz-,聪明，智慧，词源同wise,wit,-ard,人。原义为哲学家，圣人，后用于指知晓未来的人，男巫，术士。
US [-ɚd] noun countable
■a man who is believed to have magical powers and who uses them to harm or help other people 男巫，术士
■(also wiz) informal
■someone who is an expert at something or who has great ability in a particular subject （某方面的）行家，奇才，高手
• a computer wizard 电脑高手
• Your mother's a wizard at Scrabble. 你妈妈是一个拼字游戏的能手。
n. 男巫；术士；奇才
 - warlock, wiz
adj. 男巫的；巫术的
 - mediumistic

Word: ascend
Front: ascend
[əˈsend] (研六托雅 9518/11375 -1)
Vocabulary: ascend
(once / 164 pages)
v
To ascend is to move or travel upwards. You've heard about how we ascend to Heaven after we die? Well, that's because Heaven is above us, so we get to go up!
Riding the escalators in the department store is one way to amuse yourself while your mom does the shopping. You can ascend all the way to 8 (Women's Lingerie) and then descend again, all the way back to the ground floor. Both of those words come from the Latin verb scandere, which means "to climb." It's the prefixes that make all the difference. The a- of ascend makes the word mean "climb up," while the de- of its antonym makes descend mean "climb down."
WORD FAMILY
ascend: ascendable, ascendant, ascended, ascendent, ascender, ascending, ascends, ascension, ascensive+/ ascendancy: ascendancies/ ascendant: ascendance, ascendancy, ascendants/ascendency: ascendencies/ascendent: ascendence, ascendency, ascendently, ascendents/ascender: ascenders/ ascending: ascendingly, ascendings/ ascension: ascensional, ascensions/ascensive: ascensively
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is ascending in every statistical career list and might be better than ever.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Edgmon ascends to House speaker 10 years into his political career.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Each ascended to stardom, or something like it, in a unique way.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 攀登; 继承; 占领
vi. 上升; 爬坡; 追溯
时态：ascended, ascending, ascends
分布：上升(64%)，攀登(36%)
→前缀a-同ad-, 在sc, sp, st开头词根前缩小为a-. 词根scend, 爬，爬升，比较descend，下降.
登上,爬上(a向上+scend)[scend,scens,scent=climb,表示"爬,攀"]
vi.渐渐上升,升高vt.攀登,登上Those innocent adolescents ascending the hill are the tribe's descendants of decent descent.这些爬山的天真青少年是这个部落具有正派血统的后代.
【参】descent（n 下降）；transcendent（adj 卓越的，出众的）
【反】go down（下降）
[ə'send] formal
verb
GO UP 上升
intransitive or transitive
■to move up or climb something 上升；攀登；登上
• They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain. 他们沿着陡峭的山路，缓缓地向上攀登。
• There's a long flight of steps ascending (= leading up) to the cathedral doors. 要往上走很长一段楼梯，才能到达大教堂的门前。
[ə'send] formal
verb
HIGHER RANK 较高的等级
intransitive
■to rise to a position of higher rank 登上高的职位；升级，晋升
• He eventually ascended to the position of chief executive. 他最终登上了总裁的宝座。
[ə'send] formal
verb
ascend the throne
■to become queen or king 登上王位，登基
climb, mount, ascend
这组词都有“攀登，上升”的意思，其区别是：
climb: 普通用词，含义广泛，侧重运用手足费力地攀登或上升，也可指抽象事物。
mount: 书面用词，词义与ascend相近，强调连续不断地向上移动、攀登或上涨。指骑马时用mount。
ascend: 正式用词，指不用手攀，一直上升直到相当高的地方。
vi. 上升；登高；追溯
 - raise, arise, go up, climb
vt. 攀登，上升
 - scale, climb

Word: borrower
Front: borrower
[ˈbɒrəʊə(r)] (9542/6787)
Back: n. 借钱人; 借用人，剽窃者
分布：借用人(67%)，剽窃者(33%)
N-COUNT
借钱者；借方
A borrower is a person or organization that borrows money.
n. 剽窃者， [金融] 借用人
 - plagiarizer, cribber

Word: exempt
Front: exempt
[ɪgˈzempt] (研六托雅宝 9520/8874 -2)
Vocabulary: exempt
(once / 556 pages)
adjv
If your accountant tells you that you’re exempt from taxes this year, give him a big hug. He is saying that you don’t have to pay taxes.
The adjective exempt traces back to the Latin word exemptus, meaning “to remove or take out” or “to free”. So if you are exempt, you are free of an obligation that others have to fulfill, such as paying taxes. But you can also be exempt from having to obey certain rules, like seniors being exempt from having to sell candy bars for a school fundraiser.
WORD FAMILY
exempt: exempted, exempting, exemption, exempts, nonexempt+/ exemption: exemptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it exempts bars, private clubs and casinos.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or the brief proposal to amend Maine’s constitution to exempt lobster traps from property taxes.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Packaging for raw meat, poultry or seafood is also exempt.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使免除，豁免
adj. 被免除的，被豁免的
n. 被免除（义务，责任）的人; 免税人
时态：exempted, exempting, exempts
分布：免除(82%)，免除的(8%)，免税者(6%)，被免除义务者(4%)
→ex-, 向外。-em, 拿出，带出，词源同example, sample. 即拿出来的，免除或豁免。
免除,豁免(ex出+empt拿→拿出→豁免)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
a.免除的v.免除n.免税者;被免除义务者He was exempted from military service for illness.他因病被免除兵役.
【记】ex出，empt拿，买－拿出去－免除
【参】preempt（v 先占；以先买权取得）；exemption（n 解除；免税）
verb transitive
■to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc 免除，豁免（责任、付款等）
• Small businesses have been exempted from the tax increase. 小公司可免增税。
[ɪg'zempt] adjective
■with special permission not to do or pay something 被免除（义务或付款）的；被豁免的
• Goods exempt from this tax include books and children's clothes. 免征这项税收的商品包括书籍和童装。
• Pregnant women are exempt from dental charges under the current health system. 在现行的医疗制度下，孕妇看牙医是免费的。
vt. 免除；豁免
 - discharge, forgive

Word: compress
Front: compress
[kəmˈpres] (研四六托雅宝 9510/9573 -1)
Vocabulary: compress
(once / 572 pages)
1v 2n
The noun compress refers to a pad that's held to your body to reduce pain or symptoms of illness. A washcloth dipped in cold water and pressed onto your forehead to help you cool down is a type of compress.
As a verb, compress means to squeeze together with a fair amount of pressure. When you compress a sponge to get all the water out, you press it between your palms or squish it between your fingers. Compress can also mean to make something more compact — as with the sponge, when you compress an object it gets smaller. You could even compress a speech by cutting it down into a shorter but equally effective version.
WORD FAMILY
compress: compressed, compresses, compressible, compressing, compression, compressor, decompress, uncompress+/compressible: compressibility, incompressible/compressing: compressings/ compression: compressions/compressor: compressors/decompress: decompressed, decompresses, decompressing, decompression/decompression: decompressions/incompressible: incompressibility/uncompress: uncompressed
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said doctors told him he compressed his spinal cord.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other approaches focus on netting drones, either via bigger drones or by guns firing a net and a parachute via compressed gas.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The gap between northern and southern European government bond spreads compressed.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 压紧; 压缩; 精简
n. 止血敷布; 打包机
时态：compressed, compressing, compresses
分布：压缩(99%)，压榨(1%)
→com-, 强调。-press, 压。
压缩(com+press压→一起压→压缩)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
压缩,缩短(com全部+press→全部压到一起)[press=press表示"挤压"]
vt.压紧,压缩;(把思想,文字等)浓缩A cold compress can alleviate your pain.冷敷能帮你减轻疼痛.
【记】com一起，press压－一起压－压缩
【参】depression（n 压抑，萧条）；suppress（v 镇压）
【反】increase in volume（增大体积）
US [ˈkɑːm-/
■a thick soft piece of cloth which is pressed to a part of a person's body to stop bleeding or to reduce pain or swelling （止血、止痛或消肿的）敷布，压布
• a cold/hot compress 冷／热敷布
compress, contract, shrink, condense
这组词都有“收缩，压缩”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。
contract: 主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩，也可用作引申。
shrink: 侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。
condense: 指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。
compress, press, squeeze, squash, jam
这组词都有“压、挤”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把某些东西压在一起或使占有较小空间。
press: 普通用词，指一个物体在另一个物体上加压力。
squeeze: 多指从两面或多面施加压力来压紧、压碎或压出水来。
squash: 指某物受力被压偏或压碎。也指塞挤。
jam: 专指四面八方都压紧或塞满。
vt. 压缩，压紧；精简
 - impact, pack

Word: mortal
Front: mortal
[ˈmɔ:tl] (研四六托雅 9517/9725 -2)
Vocabulary: mortal
(once / 82 pages)
adjn
You are a mortal because you are mortal. This means that you are an individual destined to die because you are susceptible to death.
The word mortal has one of the most ancient genealogies of any word in English or any other language. It is related to English words like "murder" and "mortuary," and to the French, Italian, Spanish, and Russian words for "death." Something that can kill you can also be described as mortal. If you're in mortal danger, you're in a deadly situation. Action heroes often think they are dealing their enemy a mortal blow, but sometimes the enemy manages to come back to life. People are called mortals because at some point, they die.
WORD FAMILY
mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal+/ immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortality: immortalities/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 致命的; 不共戴天的; 终有一死的; 极度的
n. 凡人，人类
分布：凡人(47%)，致命的(30%)，不共戴天的(11%)，极度的(6%)，终有一死的(6%)
→来自拉丁语mors,死亡，词源同murder,morbid.引申词义死亡的，终有一死的，后该词用于指凡人。比较immortal.
死的,致命的(mort+al)[mort=death,表示"死"]
a.致命的;终有一死的;人世间的n.凡人All creatures are mortal.一切生物终有死.
US ['mɔ:r.tˌəl] adjective literary
■(of living things, especially people) unable to continue living forever; having to die （尤指人）终有一死的
• For all men are mortal. 人终有一死。
Compare immortal causing death 致死的，致命的
• a mortal injury/illness 致命伤／致命的疾病
• men engaged in mortal combat (= fighting until one of them dies) 进行殊死争斗的男人
• figurative New computing technology dealt a mortal blow to the power of the old printing unions. 新的电脑技术向传统印刷联合会的权威送上致命一击。
Compare lethal
mortal dread/fear/terror
■extreme anxiety about or fear of someone or something 非常担心；极度恐惧
• We live in mortal dread of further attacks. 我们生活在极度恐惧中，担心会再受袭击。
mortal enemy/danger/threat, etc.
■a very serious and dangerous enemy/danger/threat, etc. 死敌／致命的危险／严重的威胁
UK ['mɔ:.təl] US ['mɔ:r.tˌəl] noun countable mainly humorous
■an ordinary person, rather than a god or a special, important or powerful person 凡人，普通人
• The police officers guarding the door let in the celebrities, but they prevented us lesser/mere mortals from going inside. 把守大门的警官让那些名人进去，却不让我们这些普通人内进。
mortal, fatal, lethal, deadly
这组词都有“致命的”的意思，其区别是：
mortal: 语气强，指导致死亡的直接原因。
fatal: 正式用词，强调死亡的不可避免性，多用于指伤或疾病等。
lethal: 指由于某物本身具有致命的性能。
deadly: 指能致命或实际已致命的事物，也可指企图致死他人的人。
adj. 凡人的； [医] 致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的
 - kill, laical
n. 人类，凡人
 - mankind, humanity, people

Word: ashore
Front: ashore
[əˈʃɔ:(r)] (研六 9526/7699 -1)
Vocabulary: ashore
(once / 304 pages)
adv
When you go ashore, you move from the water to the land, usually in a boat. When you've tired of canoeing, you can paddle back to the edge of the lake and go ashore.
An old rowboat might wash ashore, drifting up on the beach, or you might bring your kayak ashore after paddling from one island to another. You can also talk about being ashore after spending time on a boat or ship: "I'm ashore until Friday, and then I head back out on the cruise ship." The roots are a-, "to" or "toward," and shore, from the Middle Low German schōre, "shore, coast, or headland."
WORD FAMILY
ashore: ashores
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rescuers brought him ashore about two hours later.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Marine Deputy James Hagar spotted the teens about 2½ miles off the coast and brought them ashore in his patrol boat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It is expected to slam ashore around 7 p.m.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 上岸; 上陆; 在岸上; 在陆上
分布：上岸(50%)，在岸上(50%)
ad.上岸;在岸上,向岸上The boring boy bored ashore for ore core at the score.讨厌的男孩在海岸上的刻线处钻探矿核.
US [-'ʃɔ:r] adverb
■towards or onto land from an area of water 向岸，向陆地；上岸，上陆地
• We swam ashore. 我们向岸上游去。
• A few pieces of wood had washed ashore. 几块木头被冲到了岸上去。
• Strong winds blew the ship ashore. 大风把船吹向陆地。
adv. 在岸上；向岸
 - shoreward

Word: downhill
Front: downhill
[ˌdaʊnˈhɪl] (9523/11207 -1)
Back: adv. 向山下; 如下坡一般; 每况愈下
adj. 向下的，下降的; 倾斜的; [体]下降滑雪的
n. 下坡路; 滑降
分布：下坡的(58%)，走下坡路地(14%)，向下的(14%)，向山下(14%)
adverb adjective
■(moving) towards the bottom of a hill 向山下；朝坡下；下山的；下坡的
• It's so much easier running downhill! 跑下山去容易多了！
• The route is all downhill from here to the finish. 这条路线从这里到终点都是下坡。
Compare uphill
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
be (all) downhill
■to be much easier 容易多了，好办多了
• Once we get the preparation done, it'll be downhill all the way. 一旦完成了准备工作，其余的事情就好办了。
• If I can just get through the training period, it'll be all downhill from here. 如果我能熬过培训阶段，其余的日子就好过多了。
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
go downhill
■to gradually become worse 走下坡路，每况愈下
• After his wife died, his health started to go downhill. 自从妻子去世后，他的健康状况开始每况愈下。
adv. 下坡；向下；每况愈下
 - alow, netherward
adj. 下坡的；容易的
 - easy, light
n. 下坡；滑降
 - declivity

Word: pageant
Front: pageant
[ˈpædʒənt] (雅宝 9524/15528 -1)
Vocabulary: pageant
(once / 1467 pages)
n
A pageant is an elaborate show or parade that usually depicts a historical or religious event, although these days more people know them as Miss America-type beauty contests.
Pageants aren't just for beauty queens — any richly decorated spectacle or ceremony could be considered a pageant. Around Christmas time, many Christian churches put on pageants that reenact the birth of Jesus. The Carnival parades in Brazil represent another type of pageant. And if your school organized a show where students had to act out famous moments in history? That would be a pageant, too.
WORD FAMILY
pageant: pageants
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Mr. Putin’s idea of a tough leader probably looks more like a Spetsnaz commando than a former beauty pageant impresario.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
MacDill officials say the uniforms were bought for a Marine Corps birthday pageant.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The beauty pageant star was found dead in the basement of her family’s home in Boulder, Colorado, the day after Christmas in 1996.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 盛会; 露天表演; 虚饰; 选美比赛
分布：盛会(55%)，游行(36%)，壮丽的场面(9%)
→来自page,页码，书页，-ant,名词后缀。比喻用法。
【记】page页，ant蚂蚁：蚂蚁爬满了一页一壮观游行
noun countable UK a show, usually performed outside, that consists of people wearing traditional clothing and acting out historical events 露天演出的历史剧
• Our youngest son is taking part in the school pageant. 我们的小儿子将参加学校的露天历史剧演出。
■US
■a competition for young women in which they are judged on their beauty and other qualities （女子的）选美比赛
• a beauty pageant 选美比赛
■any colourful and splendid show or ceremony 华丽的展示；盛大的庆典
n. 盛会；游行；虚饰；露天表演
 - parade, frills

Word: eldest
Front: eldest
[ˈeldɪst] (9528/5582 -1)
Vocabulary: eldest
(once / 365 pages)
adjn
Someone who's described as eldest in their family was born first. Your eldest sister is the oldest one.
Use the adjective eldest when you're describing people in terms of birth order: the oldest is the eldest. Your eldest friend is older than your other friends. You can also use the word as a noun, meaning "firstborn." Your mom might introduce you by saying, "This is my eldest." It's a somewhat formal, old fashioned word, much less popular today than "oldest."
WORD FAMILY
eldest: eldests
USAGE EXAMPLES
In many African cultures, there is no need for someone to explain whether they are the eldest or youngest of their siblings.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s fine,” Amiri, the eldest son, said of their living situation.
New York Times(Jun 06, 2016)
My eldest son calls it 'Mummy's smiley face'.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 最年长的，最老的; 年事最高的(old的最高级)
n. 最年长者
分布：最年长的(87%)，最老的(13%)
adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■being the oldest of three or more people, especially within a family （尤指某一家庭中三个或三个以上的成员里）年龄最大的
• Her eldest child is nearly 14. 她最大的孩子快14岁了。
['el.dɪst] noun only singular
the eldest
 ADVANCED
■a person who is the oldest of three of more people （三个或三个以上的人中）年龄最大的人
• He was the eldest of four kids. 四个孩子中他是老大。
 ADVANCED
■the oldest child in a family 长子；长女
• My eldest is at college. 我的大孩子正在上大学。

Word: overshadow
Front: overshadow
[ˌəʊvəˈʃædəʊ] (宝 9531/9694 -1)
Back: vt. 使失色; 使阴暗; 夺去…的光辉; 遮阴
时态：overshadowed, overshadowing, overshadows
分布：遮阴(50%)，使黯然失色(25%)，使不快乐或减少乐趣(25%)
→over-,在上，shadow,阴影。即在上面的阴影，使蒙上阴影。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'ʃæd.oʊ] verb transitive often passive
■to cause someone or something to seem less important or less happy 使黯然失色；使相形见绌；使蒙上阴影
• Karen has always felt overshadowed by her famous elder sister. 凯伦总觉得自己与出名的姐姐相比黯然失色。
• My happiness was overshadowed by the bad news. 这个坏消息给我的幸福蒙上了阴影。
■(of a building) to be much taller than another building and therefore block the sun from it （建筑物）遮蔽，遮暗
• Grand Central Station in New York is overshadowed by the PanAm building. 纽约中央火车站被泛美大厦遮住了阳光。
vt. 使失色；使阴暗；遮阴；夺去…的光彩
 - pale, shade

Word: limiting
Front: limiting
[ˈlɪmɪtɪŋ] (9516/10333)
Back: adj. 限制的
分布：限制的(90%)，动词limit的现在分词.(10%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■preventing you from having much choice 限制性的；有局限的
• Not eating meat or fish can be very limiting when you go to a restaurant. 去餐厅吃饭如果不吃肉或鱼，那么可吃的东西将非常有限。
adj. [数] 限制的；限制性的
 - restrictive, confining
v. 限制；限定（limit的现在分词）
 - restricting

Word: sight
Front: sight
[saɪt] (中高研四六托雅 1629/1298 -K4)
Vocabulary: sight
(once / 31 pages)
nv
Your sight is your ability to see. If you're maneuvering through the house at midnight using your shins to locate the furniture, you'll appreciate your sight that much more. You could also turn a light on.
Sight has many different senses. It can mean the range of your vision, as in when you freak out when your little puppy goes out of sight. You can "take in the sights," meaning you're seeing all the special attractions of a town (also known as sightseeing). Sight can also be a verb, as when you sight a celebrity at your local taco stand, or when you sight your target using the sight on your gun, before you shoot.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
cite / site / sight
All are good for research papers: cite is short for citation, site is a place, and sight is what your eyeballs are for. The Web has a lot to answer for, good and bad. One item in the minus column is the increased popularity of site and people throwing these sound-alikes all over the place!
Cite is a verb to mean to quote, to summon officially, to mention formally, or even to compliment. It's also the noun form of the same things: a formal summons, or an official mention. You have to cite your sources when you write a paper, but it's also a nod to wherever you got your idea. Check out what cite can do:
The band, formed in Ohio 10 years ago, cite numerous influences in different genres from hip-hop to rock and blues. (Reuters)
He was taken to his residence in Bellevue, cited and released. (Seattle Times)
A site is a specified place, such as a building site, but it's also short for Website, which is a collection of Web pages that are found within the same URL. Either way it's somewhere you can go:
It's taken nearly nine years, but large-scale commercial redevelopment of the World Trade Center site is tantalizingly close to taking off. (New York Post)
The death also was reported on the singer's web site. (Seattle Times)
Sight, of course, is vision or something that can be seen. If something is outta sight then it's fabulous whether you can see it or not. Here's an example of sight:
Visually impaired servers who have some sight wear blindfolds. (New York Times)
Though cite, site, and sight were confused before the Internet, we are more likely to use site for all of them because we use it so often for Website. If you can remember cite is short for citation and site is a location, whether it's online or off, you'll have the sight to use the words correctly.
WORD FAMILY
sight: foresight, oversight, sighted, sighting, sightless, sights+/ foresight: foresightful, foresights/foresighted: foresightedly, foresightedness/foresightful: foresightfulness, unforesightful/ oversight: oversights/sighted: foresighted, sightedly, sightedness, unsighted/sighting: sightings/sightless: sightlessly, sightlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Looking east from his home, he sees the snowcapped Sierra peaks - a welcomed sight missing for several years.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Players in elementary grades at Jewish schools now set their sights on yeshivas with the most powerful hockey programs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Red Raiders flummoxed the Cyclones on their home floor, a rare sight at Hilton Coliseum, and jumped ahead by as many as 14.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 视力; 看见; 视野; 景象
vt. 看见，发现; 瞄准; 观察; 调准瞄准器
vi. （用仪器）瞄准; 观察
时态：sighted, sighting, sights
分布：看见(41%)，视力(23%)，瞄准(16%)，视线(13%)，观测(6%)，景物(1%)
→来自古英语 sihth,所见之物，视力，视野，来自 Proto-Germanic*sekh,看，来自 sekw,看， 词源同 see.引申诸相关词义。
n.视力;望见,瞥见;视域;眼界;情景,奇观With his lips the sly fly clipped the slippery slipper that eclipsed his sight.狡猾的苍蝇用嘴唇夹住遮挡他视线的滑拖鞋.
noun
ABILITY TO SEE 视力
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■the ability to see 视力
• If your sight is poor, you should not drive a car. 视力不佳就不应该开车。
• The old woman has lost her sight (= has become blind). 那位老妇人失明了。
⇒ See also eyesight
[saɪt] noun
VIEW 景象
 ESSENTIAL countable or only singular or uncountable
■something that is in someone's view 所见之物；景象
• The flowers at the annual flower show were a beautiful sight. 年度花卉展上的鲜花是一道美丽的风景。
• You should always keep sight of your bags (= have them where you can see them) while you're at the airport. 在机场应该时刻留意自己的袋子。
• informal You can't go out in those clothes - you look a real sight (= look untidy or silly) ! 你不能穿着那些衣服出去——看起来真不成体统！
• The child laughed at the sight of (= when she saw) the clockwork toy. 看到有发条装置的玩具，孩子笑了。
• formal The lawyer requested sight of (= to see) the papers. 律师要求看档。
• I dare not let the children out of my sight (= go where I cannot see them) in this park. 在这个公园里，我不敢让孩子们离开我的视线。
• The police officer was hidden out of sight (= where he could not be seen) behind a tree. 那名警官藏在树后隐蔽的地方。
• The castle came into sight (= started to be able to be seen) as we went round a bend in the road. 我们在路上拐了个弯，城堡就映入了眼帘。
• We're looking for a house which is within sight of (= from which it is possible to see) the mountains. 我们正在找一栋能看到群山的房子。
• figurative After three years of campaigning, the end is finally in sight (= will happen soon) for Jon. 经过三年的竞选，乔恩终于快看到结果了。
• I caught sight of (= saw for a moment) my former teacher while I was out shopping today, but she turned a corner and I lost sight of (= could no longer see) her. 今天我去买东西时看到以前的老师，但她转过街角，就看不见了。
• "Do you know David Wilson?" "I haven't met him, but I know him by sight (= I recognize him, but do not know him)." “你认识戴维‧威尔逊吗？”“没有接触过，但我认得出他。”
• informal She hated/loathed the sight of (= hated) her former husband. 她讨厌见到她的前夫。
• informal They used to be very good friends, but now they can't bear/stand the sight of (= hate) each other. 他们曾经是好朋友，但现在一看到对方就烦。
• The question seemed easy at first sight (= when they first saw it) , but when the students tried to answer it, they discovered how difficult it was. 这个问题乍看似乎很简单，但学生们试图回答时，才发现它有多难。
the sights
 ADVANCED
■places of interest, especially to visitors 名胜；景点
• We spent a fortnight in Rome looking at all the sights. 我们花两个星期参观了罗马所有的名胜。
sight unseen
■without seeing something first 在未见过的情况下
• I never buy anything sight unseen. 不亲眼看过实物我从来不会购买。
[saɪt] noun
MUCH 许多
a sight informal
■a lot; much 许多，大量
• Food is a (darn/damn) sight more expensive than it used to be. 食品比以前贵了很多。
• He's a sight better than he was yesterday. 他比昨天好多了。
[saɪt] noun
GUN PART 枪炮零件
countable usually plural
■a part of a gun or other device through which you look to help you aim at something 准星，瞄准器
• Make sure you line up the sights before you fire the gun. 射击前要确定瞄好准星。
[saɪt] noun
Get out of my sight! informal
■an angry way of saying go away 滚开！
• Get out of my sight, you idiot! 滚开，你这个白痴！
[saɪt] noun
lose sight of sth
■to forget about an important idea or fact because you are thinking too much about other things 忽略；忘记
• Some members of the peace-keeping force seem to have lost sight of the fact that they are there to help people. 维和部队的有些人员似乎忘记了他们到那里是为了帮助人们。
[saɪt] noun
lower your sights
■to accept that you will only be able to get something less than you hoped for 降低要求，退而求其次
• He had hoped to become a doctor, but he had to lower his sights after his disappointing exam results. 他原希望成为一名医生，但令人失望的考试成绩迫使他降低目标。
[saɪt] noun
out of sight informal
■extremely expensive and more than you are able to spend 超出支付能力的
• The price of the house we like is out of sight. 我们喜欢的那栋房子的价格超出了我们的能力范围之外。
slang
■excellent 极好的
• The group's new record is out of sight! 这个乐团的新唱片出奇地好听！
[saɪt] noun
Out of sight , out of mind. saying
■said to emphasize that when something or someone cannot be seen, it is easy to forget them 眼不见，心不念。
[saɪt] noun
set your sights on sth
■to decide to achieve something 决心；立志
• Jenny has set her sights on winning the competition. 珍妮已决心赢得比赛的胜利。
[saɪt] noun
a sight for sore eyes informal
■a way of saying that you are very pleased to see someone or that you think someone is very attractive 乐于看到的人；极有吸引力的人
• You're a sight for sore eyes! 非常高兴见到你！
[saɪt] verb transitive
■to suddenly see something or someone 看到，发现
• After days at sea, the sailors finally sighted land. 在海上漂流数日后，水手们终于看到了陆地。
sight, scene, scenery, view, landscape
这组词都有“景色、风景”的意思，其区别是：
sight: 侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。
scene: 指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。
scenery: 指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。
view: 普通和词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。
landscape: 多指在内陆的自然风光。
sight, vision, image, scene
sight: 视力，眼界，情景，奇观
vision: 远见，想念力，洞察力，眼界
image: 形象，肖像，影像
scene: 景色，景象，舞台指像图画一样映入眼睛view或landscape，但不那么广泛，是整个风景中可以入画的一部分
sight, vision, perception, eyesight
这组词都有“视力、视觉”的意思，其区别是：
sight: 普通用词，与eyesight同义，可换用，指由实实在在的事物引起的视觉。
vision: 书面用词，含义广泛，指人的视力或视野，也可指远见卓识。
perception: 指视觉，也可泛指其它器官的功能，或引申指敏锐的理解力。
eyesight: 普通用词，指眼睛的正常功能。
n. 视力；景象；眼界；见解
 - vision, scene, eye, scope, seeing
vt. 看见；瞄准
 - see, clap eyes on
vi. 瞄准；观看
 - level, watch
adj. 见票即付的；即席的
 - off-the-cuff, improvisatorial

Word: rectangular
Front: rectangular
[rek'tæŋɡjələ(r)] (六托 9527/8012)
Back: adj. <数> 矩形的; 成直角的; 直角坐标的; 长方
分布：长方形的(58%)，矩形的(36%)，直角的(6%)
US [-gjə.lɚ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■shaped like a rectangle 长方形的；矩形的
adj. [数] 矩形的；成直角的
 - quartering

Word: best-known
Front: best-known
['bestn'əʊn] None
Back: adj. 众所周知的，著名的
分布：流传久远的(100%)

Word: lunge
Front: lunge
[lʌndʒ] (9514/16492 -1)
Vocabulary: lunge
(once / 2425 pages)
nv
To lunge is to move forward suddenly, often in a thursting manner. A parent might lunge to grab a runaway child.
Lunging is not usually a graceful movement. A lunge is quick and desperate. If it suddenly rains, people will lunge to get under an awning. In football, when the ball is hiked, the linemen lunge at each other. Lunging always involves moving forward.
WORD FAMILY
lunge: lunged, lunger, lunges, lunging+/lunger: lungers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was hit hard at 1, spun and lunged toward the goal line.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ameer Riley, the defensive coördinator, watched a defensive back lunge ineffectually at the M.V.P.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
According to Barbera, the man jumped up and lunged at the deputies attempting to arrest him.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 突然刺（入）; 套马索
v. 刺; 戳; 突然向前冲[扑等]
时态：lunged, lungeing, lunges
分布：刺(52%)，刺进(13%)，跃进(13%)，踢(10%)，刺出(6%)，猛向前冲(6%)
→原为击剑术语，来自古法语allonger,刺，向前伸，来自al-,向，long,长的，伸长。引申词义猛冲，猛扑。
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move forward suddenly and with force, especially in order to attack someone （尤指攻击某人时）冲，扑
• He suddenly lunged at her with a broken bottle. 他突然拿着破瓶子向她扑去。
n. 刺；跃进；刺进；套马索
 - thorn, thrust
vt. 刺；戳；使前冲
 - stick, pink
vi. 刺；突进
 - run through, poke

Word: unhealthy
Front: unhealthy
[ʌnˈhelθi] (高雅 9533/11127 -1)
Back: adj. 不健康的; 对健康有害的; 危险的; 反常的
分布：不健康的(95%)，有害健康的(4%)，病态的或不正常的(1%)
adjective
■not good for your health, or not strong and well 不健康的；不卫生的；不良的；有害的
• an unhealthy diet 不健康的饮食
adj. 不健康的；危险的；有害身心健康的
 - dangerous, critical, risky

Word: reed
Front: reed
[ri:d] (研四六托宝 8359/7220 -1)
Vocabulary: reed
(once / 942 pages)
1n 2n
A reed is a woody plant with long, slender leaves. Reeds need a lot of moisture, and they usually grow in or near a marsh.
The stalk of a reed plant is also called a reed, and it's from this stiff, wood-like material that reeds for certain musical instruments were first made. Many reed instruments, including the clarinet, still use reeds made from reed — specifically, a bamboo-like reed that is native to marshy Mediterranean areas. When a musician blows across her mouthpiece, the reed vibrates to make the sound.
WORD FAMILY
reed: reedlike, reeds, reedy+/reedy: reedier, reedily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sit back on my raft of reeds, I float past fields and towns.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
A strong smell hangs in the air - a swam of flies buzzes off dead goats in a kraal, or compound, fenced with papyrus reeds.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
A few minutes later, Colbert clung to a slender reed of hope by declaring the election still too close to call.
Seattle Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 芦苇; 芦苇杆; [乐]舌簧
分布：芦苇(73%)，簧片(19%)，芦笛(8%)
→来自古英语 hreod,芦苇，来自 Proto-Germanic*kreut,芦苇，可能来自 sker,弯，转，编织， 词源同 ring,cradle.
n.芦苇,苇丛;芦笛,牧笛We need reed needles to speed the deed indeed.我们确实需要一些芦苇针来加快行动.
noun countable
■(the hollow stem of) any of various types of tall, stiff plants like grasses growing together in groups near water 芦苇（秆）
■a thin piece of wood or metal which shakes very quickly to produce sound when a musician blows over it （吹奏乐器的）簧片，簧舌
n. [作物] 芦苇；簧片；牧笛；不可依靠的人
 - Phragmites, phragmites communis

Word: alligator
Front: alligator
[ˈælɪgeɪtə(r)] (托 9530/21499 -1)
Vocabulary: alligator
(once / 1704 pages)
nv
An alligator is a very big reptile — a scaly, four-footed animal with a long tail. You might see an alligator if you travel to Florida or Louisiana.
Alligators are only found in the warmest, swampiest places in the United States and China — and occasionally in the zoo. They can grow as long as fourteen feet and can weigh more than 900 pounds, and they eat turtles, birds, fish, and sometimes deer. Alligator comes from the Spanish el lagarto, or "lizard." In the 1930s, if someone called you an alligator, they might have been referring to your love for swing music.
WORD FAMILY
alligator: alligatoring, alligators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The death of Miami Marlins pitcher Jose Fernandez and the death of a toddler by a Disney World alligator tied for sixth place.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For 20 years, the site was dedicated to urban legends, like the purported existence of alligators in New York sewers.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For 20 years, the site was dedicated to urban legends, like the purported existence of alligators in New York City sewers, and other benign misinformation.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 短吻鳄; 短吻鳄皮革; 鳄口式工具
分布：短吻鳄(89%)，鳄鱼皮的(11%)
→来自西班牙语。al, 定冠词。-ligator, 同lizard, 蜥蜴。
US [-tˌɚ] (US informal gator)
noun countable
■a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in the hot, wet parts of America and China. It has a long nose that is slightly wider and shorter than that of a crocodile. 短吻鳄
n. [脊椎] 短吻鳄（产于美国及中国）；短吻鳄皮革；鳄口式工具
 - gator, aligator
vi. 皱裂；裂开
 - gap, seam

Word: ensue
Front: ensue
[ɪnˈsju:] (六雅宝 9538/8586 -1)
Vocabulary: ensue
(once / 334 pages)
v
If something happens after something else, it will ensue, meaning it will follow after or be the result. When a sneeze comes out, and he hears the "Achoo!," a "Bless you" or "Gesundheit" soon will ensue.
One way to remember the verb ensue is to rhyme it with "due." A happening that is due to happen will ensue, "Throwing a glass of ice water in his face guaranteed that a chase would ensue." Often what follows is a response to words or actions, so what will ensue is what will happen as a consequence. A struggle might ensue if a thief grabs a purse, and a discussion might ensue if two sides disagree.
WORD FAMILY
ensue: ensued, ensues, ensuing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But when they tried to arrest Alexander Kearney, they say a violent struggle ensued until Kearney was arrested several minutes later.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the ensuing brawl, a 26-year-old cook in the restaurant used his knife to deliver two fatal stabs to Daniel.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The ensuing anger will inevitably be met with matching levels of violence.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 接踵发生，继而产生
vt. [圣]追求
时态：ensued, ensuing, ensues
分布：跟着发生(48%)，继起(33%)，因而产生(19%)
→en-, 进入，使。-sue, 顺序，词源同suit, sequence.
【记】en进入，sue（v 追求，求爱，控告）－进入追求状态－整天作别人跟P虫－继而发生sue＝sequ跟随；参：sequence（n 次序；序列）因为治安不好，sue（v 诉讼）ensue继而发生
【反】anterior（adj 前面的）－ensuing（随后的）
US [-'su:] formal
verb intransitive
■to happen after something else, especially as a result of it （尤指作为结果而）接着发生，继而发生，因而产生
• The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued. 那名员警说他逮捕了那个男子后随即发生了扭打。
vi. 跟着发生，接着发生；继起
 - follow on, succeed to
vt. 追求
 - ambition, pursue / pursuit

Word: havoc
Front: havoc
[ˈhævək] (雅宝 9540/11169 -1)
Vocabulary: havoc
(once / 1322 pages)
n
Havoc is a noun that means devastation or total mayhem. Havoc often wreaked by hurricanes, angry mobs, plundering Vikings, and wild parties that get out of control.
If we trace havoc way back, we arrive at a crossroads. Some people believe that the word comes from the Old French havot, meaning “plundering, devastation,” while others argue that it was passed down to us from the Latin habere, meaning “to have, possess.” Either way you look at it, the meaning remains the same: widespread disorder or destruction.
WORD FAMILY
havoc: havocs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s to preserve life, and especially with the drug epidemic to stop the drugs wreaking havoc on our communities and neighborhoods.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
There is an outcry for data about the havoc wreaked in Yemen by Saudi bombing.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This book concentrates on the role refined sugar plays in our diet, the weight gain that it engenders and the health havoc it wreaks.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 大破坏，浩劫; 蹂躏，摧残; 大混乱，大骚动
vt. 严重破坏; 毁灭
vi. 损毁
分布：破坏(70%)，大破坏(16%)，混乱(14%)
→来自诺曼法语crier havok,即cry havoc,准许士兵抢劫的信号，词源不详，可能来自拉丁语habere,抓，占有，词源同habit,give(古义为拥有).
【记】hav＝have，oc＝occur（v 发生）－有很多事发生－混乱无序ha哈，voc声霸卡存储的声音文件格式：哈哈哈的声音－混乱
【反】serenity（n 平静）
noun uncountable
■confusion and lack of order, especially causing damage or trouble 破坏，毁坏；混乱
• The storm wreaked (= caused) havoc in the garden, uprooting trees and blowing a fence down. 暴风雨摧毁了花园，树被连根拔起，一排围栏也被吹倒了。
• The delay played (= caused) havoc with their travel arrangements. 误点打乱了他们的旅行安排。
n. 大破坏；浩劫；蹂躏
 - ravage
vi. 损毁
 - damage

Word: sulfur
Front: sulfur
['sʌlfə] (研托 9550/-)
Back: n. 硫磺，硫黄; 硫磺色
vt. 用硫磺处理
时态：sulfured, sulfuring, sulfurs
分布：用硫磺处理(100%)
n.(sulphur)硫The current occurrence of torrent spurs him to buy fur and sulfur.现行的倾泻事件驱使他买毛皮衣服和硫磺.
US [-fɚ] noun uncountable US for sulphur
vt. 用硫磺处理
 - sulphur
n. 硫磺；硫磺色
 - sulphur, brenstone

Word: rum
Front: rum
[rʌm] (9529/9986 -1)
Back: n. 朗姆酒
adj. 古怪的，奇特的; 难对付的; 蹩脚的
级别：rummer, rummest
分布：古怪的(39%)，甜酒(33%)，危险的(14%)，困难的(14%)
→据说是来自吉普赛语 rom,男人，丈夫，引申词义强壮的，有力的，优秀的，极好的，后词 义讽刺的反转至古怪的，奇特的。rum 朗姆酒
noun countable or uncountable
■a strong alcoholic drink made from the juice of the sugar cane plant 朗姆酒
• I'll have a (glass of) rum. 我要一杯朗姆酒。
[rʌm] adjective (rummer, rummest) UK old-fashioned
■strange; peculiar 古怪的；离奇的
• She's a rum girl/lass/one. 她是个古怪的女孩／小姑娘／人。
[rʌm] adjective (rummer, rummest) UK old-fashioned
a rum do UK old-fashioned
■a strange occasion 奇事
adj. 古怪的；奇特的
 - odd, curious

Word: intimately
Front: intimately
['ɪntɪmɪtlɪ] (9539/9642)
Back: adv. 熟悉地; 亲密地; 私下地; 谙熟地
分布：私下地(34%)，密切地(33%)，亲密地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
亲密的;密切的
If you have an intimate friendship with someone, you know them very well and like them a lot.
例：I discussed with my intimate friends whether I would immediately have a baby.我与密友们讨论是否我要马上生孩子。
ADJ-GRADED
有恋爱关系的;有性关系的
If two people are in an intimate relationship, they are involved with each other in a loving or sexual way.
例：I just won't discuss my intimate relationships.我就是不想讨论我的恋爱关系。
例：...their intimate moments with their boyfriends.她们与男友共浴爱河的时刻
ADJ-GRADED
个人的;私下的;隐私的
An intimate conversation or detail, for example, is very personal and private.
例：He wrote about the intimate details of his family life...他写到了关于他家庭生活的一些不为人知的细节。
例：I hate to interrupt your intimate conversation but we do have an assignment to discuss.我实在不愿打断你们的私人谈话,但是我们确实有事要谈。
ADJ-GRADED
宁静怡人的;温馨的
If you use intimate to describe an occasion or the atmosphere of a place, you like it because it is quiet and pleasant, and seems suitable for close conversations between friends.
例：...an intimate candlelit dinner for two.温馨的二人烛光晚餐
ADJ-GRADED
(联系)密切的，紧密的
An intimate connection between ideas or organizations, for example, is a very strong link between them.
例：...an intimate connection between madness and wisdom...疯狂与智慧的密切关联
例：France has kept the most intimate links with its former African territories.法国与其前非洲属地一直保持着最密切的联系。
ADJ-GRADED
深刻的;详尽的;精通的
An intimate knowledge of something is a deep and detailed knowledge of it.
例：He surprised me with his intimate knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.他对克尔恺郭尔与叔本华的深刻了解让我很吃惊。
VERB
暗示;提示
If you intimate something, you say it in an indirect way.
例：He went on to intimate that he was indeed contemplating a shake-up of the company...他继续暗示他确实在考虑对公司进行一次大改组。
例：He had intimated to the French and Russians his readiness to come to a settlement.他已经向法国人和俄国人暗示他愿意达成协议。
adv. 熟悉地；亲切地；私下地
 - warmly, privately

Word: terrified
Front: terrified
[ˈterɪfaɪd] (9546/6069)
Vocabulary: terrified
(once / 470 pages)
adj
When you're terrified, you're so scared you can hardly move. Some people keep fuzzy spiders as pets, and others are truly terrified of them.
Certain situations cause almost anyone to be terrified: nearly falling off a tall building, seeing someone you love get very sick, or being chased down a dark alley by a lumbering monster. Other things that make you feel terrified might be your individual fears, such as speaking in public or riding in elevators. When you're terrified, you're full of terror, or a panicked fear. The root word is Latin, terrificare, which means "to frighten."
WORD FAMILY
terrified: terrifiedly+/ terrify: terrified, terrifies, terrifying/terrifying: terrifyingly/ terror: counterterror, terrify, terrorise, terrorism, terrorize, terrors/terrorise: terrorisation, terrorised, terrorises, terrorising/ terrorism: terrorist / terrorist: terrorists/ terrorize: terrorization, terrorized, terrorizes, terrorizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am terrified, as my mother became paralyzed from the waist down with neuropathy that began in the feet due to diabetes.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She was petrified of being separated from her child but even more terrified of appearing timid before her comrades, whose approval she craved.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He was confident in the kitchen, but this terrified him.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 很害怕的，极度惊慌的，吓坏了的
v. 使恐怖，使惊吓，恐吓( terrify的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：受惊吓的(49%)，恐惧的(43%)，动词terrify的过去式和过去分词(8%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very frightened 非常害怕的，极度恐惧的
• He huddled in the corner like a terrified child. 他像个受惊过度的小孩一样蜷缩在角落里。
• I'm terrified of the dark. 我很怕黑。
• She's terrified (that) her mother might find out her secret. 她很怕母亲发现她的秘密。
adj. 感到恐惧的；受惊吓的
 - startled

Word: marvel
Front: marvel
[ˈmɑ:vl] (六托雅宝 7805/11744 -1)
Vocabulary: marvel
(once / 233 pages)
vn
The Latin source of the word marvel is mirari, "to wonder at," and that's exactly what marvel means when it's a verb. You may marvel at the depth of the Grand Canyon or at the size of a pimple.
When it entered the English language in 1300, marvel meant "miracle" –- that is, a supernatural act of divine agency (miracle actually comes from the same Latin word as marvel). By 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer was able to use the Middle English meruailles to describe more mundane astonishment. Chaucer also used marvel –- maruaylen, actually –- as a verb. In contemporary usage, the close synonym wonder is used much more often –- unless you happen to be a fan of the comic book universe created by Stan Lee. As a noun, anything that provokes wonder is a marvel.
WORD FAMILY
marvel: marveled, marveling, marvelled, marveller, marvelling, marvelous, marvels+/marveller: marvellers/ marvelous: marvelously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, fellow Lion Dennis Boles marvels, customers from “practically every African country.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The Disney-owned Marvel Studios once again proved its power with “Captain America: Civil War,” which grossed $408 million to land at No. 2.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Skype debuted its own set of icons, dubbed Emoticons, around the November release of Marvel’s “Doctor Strange.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 奇迹; 令人惊奇的事物（或事例）
vt. & vi. 惊奇，对…感到惊奇
时态：marvelled, marvelling, marvels
分布：惊异(56%)，奇异的事物(22%)，令人吃惊的人(11%)，惊异于(11%)
→来自古法语marveille,惊讶，惊奇，奇迹，来自拉丁语mirari,感到惊讶和惊奇，词源同mirror,miracle,smile.
【反】mean（n / adj 低劣的；卑鄙的）；pedestrian（adj 通俗的）－marvelous（adj 引起惊异的）
US ['mɑ:r-] verb intransitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to show or experience great surprise or admiration （对…）感到惊奇，惊叹
• We paused to marvel at the view. 我们停下来，感叹景色之美。
• [+ that] 'I often marvel that humans can treat each other so badly. 人们竟可对他人如此恶劣，我时常感到惊诧不已。
• [+ speech] "Just look at that waterfall! Isn't it amazing?" she marvelled. “看那瀑布！真是令人惊叹，不是吗？”她赞叹道。
UK ['mɑ:.vəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
■a thing or person that is very surprising or causes a lot of admiration 奇迹；令人感到惊奇的事物（或人）
• This miniature TV is the latest technological marvel from Japan. 这台微型电视是日本的科技新宠。
• It 's a marvel (to me) how they've managed to build the tunnel so quickly. （我觉得）真不可思议，他们能这么快就把隧道建好。
phenomenon, miracle, marvel, wonder
这组词都有“奇迹”的意思，其区别是：
phenomenon: 指罕见的现象或奇人、奇事。
miracle: 一般指被认为是人力所办不到的奇异之事。
marvel: 侧重异乎寻常，奇怪，从而使人好奇。
wonder: 通常指使人惊奇的事迹、人物或景观，主要指人创造的奇迹。
n. 奇迹
 - phenomenon, miracle, wonder

Word: repeal
Front: repeal
[rɪˈpi:l] (六宝 9535/12067 -1)
Vocabulary: repeal
(once / 653 pages)
vn
To repeal something — usually a law, ordinance or public policy — is to take it back. For example, dog lovers might want the town council to repeal the law that says residents can have no more than four dogs.
The verb repeal comes from the Anglo-French word repeler, “to call back.” Repeal is almost always used in the context of law: When a government decides to get rid of an ordinance or law, that ordinance or law is repealed. That means it is no longer in effect, like if the weather becomes unseasonably hot, the schools might repeal the part of the dress code to permit students to wear shorts.
WORD FAMILY
repeal: repealed, repealing, repeals
USAGE EXAMPLES
But their actions starting Tuesday to end Obamacare will be far less sweeping, at least initially, than a full-blown repeal of the law.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Such efforts, said Mr. Murphy, the system’s chief executive, will remain “highly relevant” even if the Affordable Care Act is repealed.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A poll this fall by the Kaiser Family Foundation found only 37 percent believe repealing the Affordable Care Act should be a top priority.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 撤销，废除; 否定，放弃
n. 废除，作废; 撤销
时态：repealed, repealing, repeals
分布：废止(74%)，撤消(26%)
→来自古法语 rapeler,叫回，撤消，来自 re-,向后，往回，apeler,呼叫，词源同 appeal.引申词义 废除，废止。
【记】re反，peal＝appeal（n 请求；呼吁）－反过来呼吁－废徐re反，pe破，al＝all：反过来使所有的法律都破了－废除
【参】appealing（adj 引人入胜的）；peal（n 隆隆声）；appeal（v 请求；呼吁）
verb transitive
■If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to have any legal force. 废除，废止，撤销（法律）
repeal, delete, cancel, abolish
repeal: 书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。
delete: vt. 删除
cancel: 用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。
abolish: 正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。
vt. 废除；撤销；废止；放弃；否定
 - yield, desert, negative, abolish
n. 废除；撤销
 - abolition, destoolment

Word: evade
Front: evade
[ɪˈveɪd] (研托雅宝 9545/8471 -1)
Vocabulary: evade
(once / 443 pages)
v
When you evade something, you escape it. You could evade a police chase by slipping into a secret alley, or you could evade your mother's questions about the missing cookies by slipping into another topic.
Other things people like to evade? Death. Taxes. Creepy ex-boyfriends. The verb evade comes from Latin roots ex ("away) and vadere ("to walk"), meaning literally "to walk away or to escape." Definitely what you want to do with creepy ex-boyfriends.
WORD FAMILY
evade: evaded, evades, evading, evasion, evasive +/ evasion: evasions/ evasive: evasively, evasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
She’s also is accused of misleading police on Banks’ identity in order to help him evade law enforcement.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s charged with murder, abandoning or endangering a child criminal negligence, evading arrest and unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
What they largely evaded, though, was substantive exploration of the idea of healing.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 逃避，躲避; 避开; 规避; 逃脱
vi. 逃避; 规避; 逃脱
时态：evaded, evading, evades
分布：逃避(52%)，规避(27%)，躲避(21%)
→e-, 向外。-vad, 走，词源同wade,invade.
逃出,逃避(e+vade走→走出去→逃避)[e-,ef-表示"出,出来"]
逃避;偷税(e出+vade→走出去→逃避)[vadvas=go,表示"走"]
vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避You needn't evade the question.你不必回避这个问题.
【记】e出，vade走－走出去－逃避
【参】pervade（v 遍及）；invade（vt 侵略；侵袭）；evasion（n 逃避；借口）；evasive（adj 逃避的）
verb transitive slightly formal
■to avoid or escape from someone or something 逃脱，躲开；回避，逃避
• The police have assured the public that the escaped prisoners will not evade recapture for long. 警方向大众保证，逃犯很快就会再次落网。
• She leant forward to kiss him but he evaded her by pretending to sneeze. 她身子前倾想要吻他，可是他假装打喷嚏躲开了。
• An Olympic gold medal is the only thing that has evaded her in her remarkable career. 在其辉煌的运动生涯中，唯一没有得到的荣誉就是奥运金牌。
• [+ -ing verb] He can't evade doing military service forever. 他不可能永远逃避兵役。
evade the issue/question, etc.
■to intentionally not talk about something or not answer something 回避议题／问题等
• Just give me an answer and stop evading the question! 直截了当地回答我，不要再回避问题！
vt. 逃避；规避；逃脱
 - get out of, elude
vi. 逃避；规避；逃脱
 - escape, get out of

Word: two-way
Front: two-way
[ˈtu:ˈweɪ] (-1)
Back: adj. 双向的; （电路等）双路的; 相互的; 双轨
分布：双向的(58%)，双路的(28%)，双方的(14%)
adjective
DIRECTION 方向
[before noun]
■moving or allowing movement in both directions 双向的；可双向通行的
• a two-way street 可双向通行的街道
['tu:.weɪ] adjective
RADIO 无线电
[before noun]
■describes radios that can both send out and receive signals （无线电）收发两用的
['tu:.weɪ] adjective
RELATIONSHIP 关系
■describes a situation that involves two people or two groups of people working together to achieve a shared aim 双方的；相互的；彼此的
• Negotiations are a two-way thing - both sides have to come to a compromise. 谈判是双方的事——双方都必须作出妥协。
• Remember, friendships are a two-way street (= both people have to make an effort). 记住，友谊是需要双方共同付出努力的。
adj. 双向的；相互的；两路的
 - mutual, ovonic

Word: inference
Front: inference
[ˈɪnfərəns] (研六雅 9554/6696 -1)
Vocabulary: inference
(once / 719 pages)
n
An inference is an idea or conclusion that's drawn from evidence and reasoning. An inference is an educated guess.
We learn about some things by experiencing them first-hand, but we gain other knowledge by inference — the process of inferring things based on what is already known. When you make an inference, you're reading between the lines or just looking carefully at the facts and coming to conclusions. You can also make faulty inferences. If you hear a person's weight is 250 pounds, you might make the inference that they're overweight. But what if they're seven feet tall?
WORD FAMILY
inference: inferences, inferential+/ infer: inference, inferred, inferring, infers/inferential: inferentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
The CIA is more comfortable drawing inferences from behavior.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
But these inferences are too facile, because some increases connote good news, while others do not.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
“That’s a really novel design and relatively convincing compared to correlational studies or studies that are not being rigorous about causal inference.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 推理; 推断; 推论
分布：推理(64%)，推断(19%)，推论(13%)，结论(4%)
→来自infer,推断，推论。
n.推论,推理,推断;结论From his manner, we drew the inference that he was satisfied.我们从他的态度来推断, 他很满意.
US [-fɚ-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when you guess that something is true or form an opinion because of the information that you have 推断，推论，推理
• They were warned to expect a heavy air attack and by inference many casualties. 他们被警告可能会受到猛烈的空袭，由此推断会有许多人员伤亡。
• His change of mind was recent and sudden, the inference being that someone had persuaded him. 他最近突然改变了主意，估计是有人说服了他。
inference, issue, impact, incident
inference: 推断，结论
issue: 问题，争议点
impact: 影响，冲击
incident: 事件
inference, induction
这组词都有“推理、推论”的意思，其区别是：
inference: 侧重从前提得出结论的过程。
induction: 指从一系列具体的事实概括中一个一般的结论，即归纳法。
n. 推理；推论； [数] 推断
 - conclusion, reasoning, consequence

Word: persuasion
Front: persuasion
[pəˈsweɪʒn] (研六 9532/7602 -1)
Vocabulary: persuasion
(once / 696 pages)
n
Persuasion is something meant to get you to do or believe something. If you’re not sure you want to go somewhere, your friend might use persuasion to talk you into it.
Being of a certain persuasion or belief, means you already have your mind made up, as a person who is of the Democratic persuasion or the Lutheran persuasion. Another meaning for persuasion is the act of influencing someone to do something or to change their mind. For example, good salespeople use persuasion to get people to buy things, just as children use persuasion to get permission to do certain things.
WORD FAMILY
persuasion: persuasions+/persuadable: unpersuadable/ persuade: persuadable, persuaded, persuader, persuades, persuading, persuasible, persuasion, persuasive /persuaded: unpersuaded/persuader: persuaders/ persuasive: persuasively, persuasiveness, persuasivest, unpersuasive/unpersuasive: unpersuasively, unpersuasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
My husband was subjected to a constant bombardment of persuasion.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I still reread “Pride and Prejudice” once in a while, along with the quieter favorites like “Persuasion.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Moreover, Torba insists that the site is open to everyone of whatever political persuasion.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 劝说，说服（力）; 信仰
分布：说服(65%)，劝说(30%)，信念(5%)
n.说服,说服力After a lot of persuasion, she agreed to go.经过多次劝说后,她同意去了.
US [pɚ-] noun
CHANGING IDEAS 改变主意
uncountable
■the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded 说服
• It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of the new scheme. 让委员会相信新计划的种种好处要费尽许多唇舌。
• She will help you - she just needs a bit of gentle persuasion. 她会帮你的——只是须要稍微劝劝她。
• The occasion will be a test of the senator's powers of persuasion (= his ability to persuade people). 这是考验参议员说服力的时候了。
UK [pə'sweɪ.ʒən] US [pɚ-] noun
BELIEFS 信念
countable
■a particular set of beliefs, especially religious （尤指宗教上的）信仰，信念
• We need a society which welcomes people of all religious persuasions. 我们需要一个可包容一切宗教信仰的社会。
n. 说服；说服力；信念；派别
 - faith, wing

Word: spill
Front: spill
[spɪl] (研四六托雅 3671/4486 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 溢出; 泼出; 涌出; 蜂拥而出
vt. 使跌落; 泄露机密
n. 洒出（量）; 泼出（量）; 溢出（量）; 小塞子
时态：spilled, spilling, spills
分布：泄漏(59%)，溢出(18%)，洒(11%)，流(9%)，木片(2%)，小杆(1%)
→来自古英语 spillan,破坏，杀死，致残，肢解，来自 Proto-Germanic*spilthjan,破坏，毁灭，来 自 spel,分开，劈开。后引申词义流血，洒出，并可能由该词义引申比喻义洒出，溢出， 泄露等。其原义见 spoil,抢劫，战利品。spill 小木条，小木棍
v.溢出,溅出n.摔下,跌下The silly spilled the milk on the silver silk.傻子把牛奶溅到银白色的丝绸上.
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
 IMPROVER
■to (cause to) flow, move, fall or spread over the edge or outside the limits of something （使）洒出；（使）流出；（使）溅出； （使）涌出
• I spilt coffee on my silk shirt. 我把咖啡洒到丝绸衬衫上了。
• You've spilt something down your tie. 你把甚么东西洒在领带上了。
• Let's see if I can pour the juice into the glass without spilling it. 来试试看我能不能一滴不漏地把果汁倒进玻璃杯里。
• He dropped a bag of sugar and it spilt all over the floor. 他把一袋糖掉在地上，撒得地板上到处都是。
• Crowds of football fans spilled onto the field at the end of the game. 比赛结束时，成群的足球迷涌进了球场。
[spɪl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
spill blood literary
■to kill or hurt people 制造流血事件；杀人；伤人
[spɪl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
spill the beans
■to tell people secret information 泄漏秘密
• So who spilt the beans about her affair with David? 那到底是谁把她和戴维的私情抖露出来的？
[spɪl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
spill your guts US Australian informal
■to tell someone all about yourself, especially your problems 倾诉（告诉某人你所有的事情，尤其是你的问题）
• Why do people take part in these shows and spill their guts on camera in front of a studio audience? 为甚么有人要参加这些节目，当着摄影机及现场观众的面，倾心吐意？
[spɪl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
  Phrasal Verbs  spill out
■to flow or fall out of a container 溢出；流出；洒出；掉出
• All the shopping had spilled out of my bag. 采购的东西全从我的袋子里掉了出来。
• The contents of the truck spilled out across the road. 卡车上装载的东西掉在街上，到处都是。
■If people spill out of a place, large numbers of them come out of it （人）涌出，蜂拥而出
• People were spilling out of the wine bar onto the street. 人们从酒吧里蜂拥而出来到街上。
[spɪl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
  Phrasal Verbs  spill (sth) out
■to talk about or express an emotion freely 倾诉，发泄（情感）
• All his resentment spilled out. 他的怨恨一股脑全都发泄了出来。
• I listened quietly as she spilled out all her anger and despair. 我静静地听她倾诉她的愤怒和绝望。
[spɪl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (spilled or UK ALSO spilt, spilled or UK ALSO spilt)
  Phrasal Verbs  spill over
■If an activity or situation spills over, it begins to affect another situation or group of people, especially in an unpleasant or unwanted way （尤指令人不快地）波及，扩散，影响
• I try not to let my work spill over into my life outside the office. 我努力不让我的工作影响到办公室之外的生活。
• The conflict threatens to spill over into neighbouring regions. 冲突可能会波及到邻近地区。
■to continue for a longer time than expected 延续；延长
• The talks between the two leaders look likely to spill over into the weekend. 两位领导人之间的会谈看来很可能会持续到这个周末。
[spɪl] noun countable
■an amount of something which has come out of a container 洒出量；溢出量
• a fuel spill on the road 路面上的溢油
• Could you wipe up that spill, please? 请把那溢出的东西擦干净好吗？
• In 1989, there was a massive oil spill in Alaska. 1989年阿拉斯加曾发生过大规模溢油事件。
[spɪl] noun countable
take a spill informal
■to fall off something, usually a bicycle or a horse （通常指从脚踏车或马上）摔下，跌下
vt. 使溢出，使流出；使摔下
 - drain, overflow
vi. 溢出，流出；摔下；涌流
 - discharge, issue, shed
n. 溢出，溅出；溢出量；摔下；小塞子
 - superflux, extravasation

Word: monarchy
Front: monarchy
[ˈmɒnəki] (雅宝 9558/5830 -2)
Vocabulary: monarchy
(once / 482 pages)
n
A monarchy is a country that is ruled by a monarch, and monarchy is this system or form of government.
A monarch, such as a king or queen, rules a kingdom or empire. In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch's power is limited by a constitution. But in an absolute monarchy, the monarch has unlimited power. Monarchy is an old form of government, and the word has been around a long time. It derives from Greek monarkhiā, from monarkhos "monarch."
WORD FAMILY
monarchy: monarchic, monarchies, monarchism+/ monarch: monarchal, monarches, monarchical, monarchs, monarchy /monarchic: monarchically/monarchism: monarchist/monarchist: monarchists
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the monarchy in neighbouring Thailand is protected by a lese majeste law that outlaws any criticism, there is no similar law in Cambodia.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
"And if the monarchy is returned to Russia I will vote with my both hands."
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
The mostly Sunni rebels include groups supported by Turkey, the United States and Gulf monarchies.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 君主政体; 君主政治; 君主国
分布：君主政体(63%)，君主国(28%)，君主政治(9%)
→来自monarch,君主，帝王。
US ['mɑ:.nɚ-] noun
countable
■a country which has a king or queen 君主国
uncountable
■the system of having a king or queen 君主政体，君主制
• Is monarchy relevant in the modern world or should it be abolished? 君主政体在现代社会仍有意义还是该被废除？
n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治
 - Caesarism

Word: chlorine
Front: chlorine
[ˈklɔ:ri:n] (9549/10697 -1)
Back: n. [化]氯
分布：氯(100%)
→来自ghel, 发光，照耀，词源同gall, gold. -ine, 衍生物化学名词。因其看起来呈现黄绿色而得名。
US ['klɔ:r.i:n] noun uncountable
■a greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell, which is added to water in order to kill organisms that might cause infection 氯，氯气
• The chlorine in the pool makes my eyes sore. 游泳池里的氯气刺得我眼睛发痛。
n. [化学] 氯（17号化学元素）
 - Cl

Word: riches
Front: riches
[ˈrɪtʃɪz] (9553/11115)
Vocabulary: riches
(once / 401 pages)
n
Use the word riches when you're talking about wealth, including money, treasures, and expensive belongings. Most people who buy lottery tickets dream of winning riches.
Occasionally, someone who's born into poverty will grow up to earn riches through hard work and a lot of luck — but more often, people inherit their riches from wealthy relatives. You can also use riches in a figurative way, for something bountiful or profuse: "Let's go to the farmers market and see what riches are available!" Riches was originally richesse, a singular word that was misinterpreted as being plural.
WORD FAMILY
riches: richess
USAGE EXAMPLES
The riches were also unevenly spread in Hollywood.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But amid these relative riches, Arsenal must not forget Olivier Giroud.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
I was grateful to do so in Washington, where our neighborhoods continue to reveal the riches that immigrants bring to America.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 财富; 富人( rich的名词复数 ); 深的; 富裕的; 强烈的
分布：财富(89%)，富有(11%)
→来自中古英语 riches,财富，富有，来自 riche 的复数形式，词源同 rich.
plural noun
■a large amount of money or valuable possessions 财富；财产
• She donated a sizeable portion of her riches to children's charities. 她将很大一部分财产捐给了儿童慈善机构。
■a large quantity of a valuable natural substance 丰富的矿产；丰饶的物产；珍贵丰富的自然资源
• The country has great oil/mineral riches. 这个国家石油／矿产资源丰富。
• They plundered the rainforest for its natural riches. 他们为了获取丰富的自然资源，对雨林进行掠夺式开发。
n. 财富；富有；房地产（rich的复数）
 - estates

Word: halo
Front: halo
[ˈheɪləʊ] (宝 9536/14858 -1)
Vocabulary: halo
(once / 1701 pages)
n
A glowing light that circles something, like the moon or a person's head is a halo. Painters of religious art often put a halo around the heads of angels and saints.
A halo is a symbol of holiness, represented by a circle or arc of light around the head of a saint or holy person. Any circle of light can be described as a halo, even in a non-religious context; sometimes you'll see a glowing halo of light around the moon, for example. The word halo also means "glory or majesty," a symbolic halo rather than a physical one. The Greek halos means "ring of light around the sun or moon."
WORD FAMILY
halo: haloes, halos
USAGE EXAMPLES
One reason may be the so-called expert halo, which causes people to blindly defer to the perceived authority in the group.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The explanation was a halo of dark matter around the galaxies that spread mass throughout the galaxies.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
The two major live-action openings this weekend — also science-fiction-oriented — are both struggling, quieting hopes of a “Star Wars” halo effect.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 光环; 荣光; （日月等的）晕
vt. 使有晕轮; 围以光环
vi. 成晕轮
分布：神像之光环(100%)
→来自希腊语halos,日晕，月晕，后引申词义圣人头上的光环，光轮。其原义为圆形门槛围栏，词源不详，可能来自skel,弯，转，词源同leg,close,isosceles.
【记】源于hallow（v 把…视为神圣；崇敬）连hall都low了。
US [-loʊ] noun (plural halos or haloes)
countable
■a ring of light around the head of a holy person in a religious drawing or painting （宗教绘画中圣人头上的）光环
countable usually singular
■a bright circle of light around something, or something that looks like this （物体周围的）晕；圈
• the halo around the moon 月晕
• a halo of blonde curls 一圈金色鬈发
n. 光环；荣光
 - aura, aureola

Word: pedal
Front: pedal
[ˈpedl] (研六雅宝 7777/9029 -1)
Vocabulary: pedal
(once / 2224 pages)
1nvadj 2n
Anything you push with your feet to control a machine, vehicle, or instrument is a pedal. When you use a sewing machine, you push the pedal with your foot to make the needle move up and down.
When you see the letters ped, something related to the foot might just be afoot. Pedestrians walk around by foot, and a pedicure is when your tootsies get the spa treatment. Those letters don’t always relate to feet, but it does with pedal, the noun or verb. The controls on the floor of your car are pedals, and if you put the pedal to the metal, it means you press as hard as you can on the gas pedal. Woohoo!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peddle / pedal / petal
Sometimes the only way to choose your words with homophones is to memorize their spellings and meanings. Pedal/peddle/petal is one such set of homophones.
A pedal is a lever controlled with the foot, such as found on a piano or a bicycle. To pedal is to use such a lever to control something. It descends from the Late Latin pedale, for a thing of the foot, which descends ultimately from the Latin pēs, for foot.
The city is expected to finalize this week a five-year contract to bring pedal boats back to Wesley Lake this summer.
Bicycle riders will be pedaling over hills and through pastures Saturday near Stonewall.
To peddle can mean to travel around selling items (think door-to-door salesmen). It can also mean to sell illicit drugs or, informally, to give out or spread, as with information or lies.
A former Alaska lawmaker has pleaded guilty to a state count of letting unregistered lobbyists peddle their ideas to him.
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) has warned the public against taking black pills peddled in unlabelled bottles.
Finally, a petal is a flower's brightly colored leaf that joins with other petals to form the flower's corolla.
You will start with a great big rose complete with curly petals and shiny leaves painted from reference.
Spread generously or pipe over the cooled cupcakes and top each with a rose petal.
Remember that pedal is related to foot through the Latin pēs and that someone who peddles goods goes from door to door. If you don't want either of those, then you can choose the flower's petal.
WORD FAMILY
pedal: pedaled, pedaler, pedaling, pedalled, pedaller, pedalling, pedals+/pedaler: pedalers/pedaller: pedallers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s just important to keep that foot on the gas pedal,” Brady said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Indoor cycling requires constant pedaling while there is some coasting outdoors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On his Instagram account, he wrote: “Pedal is always to the metal and fuel is still in the tank. #VroomVroom.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 踏板; 脚蹬子; 垂足线
vt. & vi. 踩自行车的踏板; 骑自行车
adj. 脚的; 踏板的
时态：pedalled, pedalling, pedals
分布：踏板(91%)，踩踏板(7%)，用脚踏动(1%)，乐器的脚踏键(1%)
→来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.引申词义自行车踏板。
脚的,足的(ped+al)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
n.踏板v.踩踏板,骑自行车I pedaled my bicycle up the hill.我骑着脚踏车上山.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small part of a machine or object which is pushed down with the foot to operate or move the machine or object 踏板
• the brake/accelerator pedal 煞车／油门踏板
• This sewing machine is operated by a foot pedal. 这台缝纫机是用脚踏板来操作的。
• He stood up on the pedals of his bike to get extra power as he cycled up the hill. 他骑车上山时站在踏板上踩车以增加力量。
['ped.əl] adjective [before noun]
■operated by a pedal or pedals 踏板的，脚踏的
• a pedal bike/boat/car 脚踏自行车／船／汽车
• She emptied the ashtray into the pedal bin. 她把烟灰缸里的东西倒入脚踏式垃圾桶里。
['ped.əl] verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to push the pedals of a bicycle round with your feet 骑（自行车）
• He struggled to pedal his bicycle up the hill. 他吃力地骑着自行车上山。
• We were pedalling like mad (= very fast) against the wind, but didn't seem to be getting anywhere. 我们逆着风拚命地骑着车，但似乎没有骑多远。
⇒ See also backpedal
vi. 踩踏板；骑车
 - ride bike
n. 踏板；脚蹬子
 - footplate, treadboard
vt. 骑（自行车）；踩……的踏板
 - ride

Word: wed
Vocabulary: wed
(once / 159 pages)
vadj
To wed is to get married to someone. Your dream might be to wed your dream spouse in Hawaii some day.
The verb wed is mainly used in a formal context — marry is more common. You can also use either word to mean "join in marriage" or "perform a marriage ceremony," like when the Archbishop of Canterbury weds members of British royalty. Wed shares a Germanic root with words in various languages meaning "pledge," but also "bet or wager."
WORD FAMILY
wed: unwed, wedded, wedding, weds+/wedded: unwedded/wedding: weddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dear Amy: I recently celebrated my marriage with an amazing wedding!
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Traditionally turtles were eaten at major events, like a wedding or a chief’s funeral.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The issue arose again in September, he said, when he hesitated because of a daughter’s upcoming wedding.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)

Word: sane
Front: sane
[seɪn] (研托宝 9556/11270 -1)
Vocabulary: sane
(once / 234 pages)
adj
A sane person doesn't have any screws loose — in other words, they're free of mental illness and in a reasonable state of mind.
You probably know that the word insane means crazy. Well, the opposite of insane is sane — or not crazy. A sane person is of sound mind and is mentally healthy. Sane people have good judgment, are reasonable, and can tell the difference between what's real and imagined. Whenever someone commits a crime or does something totally outlandish, people usually wonder if they're sane or not.
WORD FAMILY
sane: insane, sanely, saneness, saner, sanest, sanity +/ insane: insanely, insaneness, insaner, insanest, insanity / insanity: insanities/ sanity: sanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first glance, Melania Trump did a good job of seeming like a decent sane person in her softball interview with Anderson Cooper in October.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
But it also keeps me sane and sociable.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
So maybe Trump ends up doing the only sane thing: preserving a nuclear deal that’s in everyone’s interest.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 心智健全的; 神志正常的; 明智的; 稳健的
级别：saner, sanest
分布：心智健全的(55%)，明智的(45%)
→来自拉丁语 sanus,健康的，健全的，来自 swen,健康的，无损伤的，词源同 sound,健全 的，明智的，身心健康的。
神志清醒的[San,sanit=healthy,表示"健康的"]
a.心智健全的,神志清醒的,明智的,稳健的He doesn't seem sane at all.他的神志看来一点也不清醒.
【记】san三，e鹅：喝了酒后还能数出来有三只鹅－神智清醒的
【参】sanity（n 心智健全）
adjective
■having a healthy mind and not mentally ill, or showing good judgment and understanding 心智健全的，神智正常的；头脑清醒的；明智的
• In the doctor's opinion he was sane at the time of the murder. 按照医生的看法，他在谋杀时是神志清醒的。
• humorous The only thing which keeps me sane after a hard day in the office is jogging! 在办公室辛苦工作一天后，唯一能使我保持头脑清醒的方法就是慢跑。
• It was a sane (= sensible) decision and one we all respected. 这是一个明智的决定，也是我们都尊重的决定。
adj. [心理] 健全的；理智的； [临床] 神志正常的
 - healthy, intellectual, sound

Word: scoop
Front: scoop
[sku:p] (托雅宝 6624/8794 -2)
Vocabulary: scoop
(once / 1213 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4v
Most people think of ice cream when they think of the noun scoop, but journalists who get a story before others also get a scoop, and dog owners need to scoop up after their dogs or else they will get a ticket for littering.
When a newspaper reporter gets a scoop, it means they beat every other reporter to publish an important story. Other meanings of scoop come from the shape and motion of a scoop, which is hollowed out and looks kind of like a pocket. Also, if you pick up a little dog into your arms, you might say you scooped it up. Scoop is one of many words that can be a noun and a verb, even in the same sentence: when you go to an ice cream shop you can ask your server to give you one, two, or three scoops.
WORD FAMILY
scoop: scooped, scoopful, scooping, scoops+/scoopful: scoopfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anything they scoop up is spirited away to Lebanon, Jordan or Turkey.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Along with the portable scale, he brings a mortar and pestle, and metal scoops for bulk spices.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
When he was 4, he would scoop up pavement ants in front of his house and keep them in jars.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 铲，勺，水舀，铲斗; 一勺[铲]之量; 穴，凹处; 通气（或通水）口
vt. 舀; 挖空; 掏，抓取; [非正式用语]抢先获得、发布
时态：scooped, scooping, scoops
分布：勺(50%)，独家新闻(24%)，铲子(12%)，舀取(8%)，挖空(3%)，穴(3%)
→来自中古荷兰语 schope,舀水桶，来自 West Germanic*skopo,容器，来自 skep,切，分开， 词源同 ship,shape.引申词义勺，铲子等，引申比喻义抢先报道，独家新闻。
【记】把中间的OO想成勺子的顶端。
noun countable
TOOL 工具
■a tool with a deep bowl-shaped end which is used to dig out and move a soft or powdery substance 杓；铲； 球
• a measuring scoop 量匙
• an ice-cream scoop 霜淇淋杓
■the amount held by a scoop 一杓（或铲）的量
• Just one scoop of mashed potato for me, please. 请给我一球马铃薯泥就够了。
[sku:p] noun countable
NEWS 新闻
■a story or piece of news discovered and published by one newspaper before all the others 抢先报导的新闻；独家新闻
• The paper managed to secure a major scoop and broke the scandal to the world. 这家报纸设法抢先报道了重要的独家新闻，把这件丑闻公诸于世。
[sku:p] verb transitive
TOOL 工具
■to move something with a scoop or with something used as a scoop （用杓）舀；（用铲）铲
• He scooped the sand into a bucket with his hands. 他用手把沙子舀进桶里。
■to get a large number of votes or prizes 大量获得（选票或奖项）
• The socialist party is expected to scoop up the majority of the working-class vote. 人们预料社会党将赢得劳工阶级的大多数选票。
[sku:p] verb transitive
NEWS 新闻
■to be the first newspaper to discover and print an important news story 抢在…之前报导
• Just as we were about to publish the story, we were scooped by a rival paper. 正当我们打算公布这则新闻时，被另一家报社抢先了一步。
[sku:p] verb transitive
scoop the pool UK informal
■to win all the prizes that are available 囊括所有奖项
• Cuba scooped the pool in the boxing at this year's Olympics. 古巴囊括了今年奥运会拳击项目的所有奖牌。
[sku:p] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scoop sth out
■to remove something that is inside something else with a spoon 用勺舀出
• Cut the tomato in half and scoop out the seeds. 把蕃茄切成两半，挖出里面的籽。
[sku:p] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scoop sth/sb up
■to lift something or someone with your hands or arms in a quick movement （迅速）捡起，拾起，抱起
• She scooped the children up and ran with them to safety. 她一把抱起孩子们，带着他们奔向安全地带。
• I scooped up my belongings into my handbag. 我匆忙把自己的东西塞进包里。
vt. 掘；舀取；抢先获得；搜集
 - pick, dip
n. 勺；铲子；独家新闻；凹处
 - recession, cavity

Word: promotional
Front: promotional
[prəˈməʊʃənl] (9547/8863 -1)
Vocabulary: promotional
(once / 6147 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything that's promotional is meant to sell or advertise something. A promotional book tour is a trip an author takes to various bookstores hoping to sell more copies of her new book.
Items that are handed out at an event or trade show, especially if they're marked with a logo or brand name, are promotional materials. They're free goodies, but they're also used to advertise a certain company or product. Your promotional travel mug probably has some company slogan printed on it, for example. A rock band's promotional appearance at a music store is a quick stop meant to advertise (or promote) a new album or concert tour.
WORD FAMILY
promotional: promotionally+/ promote: promoted, promoter, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotive/ promoter: promoters/ promotion: promotional, promotions/promotive: promotively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Well, unfortunately, many times the colors of the promotional lipsticks or eye shadows are just not your shade.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
After several more promotional stops, she was back at her home in Brunswick, Me., where she is a research associate at Bowdoin College.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Prefight hype is a combat sports tradition, the foundation of promotional pull.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 促销的; 增进的
分布：增进的(48%)，晋升的(29%)，推销的(23%)
US [-'moʊ-] adjective
■intended to advertise something 促进的；促销的，推销的
• a promotional campaign/video 促销活动／录影
• The writer recently went on a promotional tour of his homeland. 这位作家最近回国为他的书作宣传。
adj. 促销的；增进的；奖励的
 - encouraging, hortative

Word: size
Front: size
[saɪz] (中高雅 752/697 -K4)
Back: n. 大小，尺寸; 规模; 胶料，浆糊; 巨大，大量
vt. 按大小排列; 改变…的大小; 上胶料，上浆; 上涂料
adj. 一定尺寸的
时态：sized, sizing, sizes
分布：大小(62%)，尺寸(24%)，规模(8%)，尺码(3%)，浆料(2%)，胶料(1%)
→来自古法语 sise, 缩写自 assise, 评估， 开会， 估计， 来自拉丁语 assidere, 坐下， 词源同 assize,sit,session.原指确定征税规模或数量，后词义通用化为大小，尺寸等。
n.大小,尺寸,规模;尺码The administrator diminished the feminine miniature to minimal size.管理员将女性缩样缩减到最小尺寸.
noun
AMOUNT 数量
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■how large or small something or someone is 尺寸；大小；规模
• We are concerned about the size of our debt. 我们为自己的钜额债务感到忧心。
• Some kinds of trees grow to a huge size. 有些树长得很高大。
• What is the size of that window? 那扇窗户尺寸有多大?
• The field was about ten acres in size. 这块地的面积约有十英亩。
• He had a lump on his head the size of (= the same size as) an egg. 他头上肿了一个鸡蛋大小的包。
• The baby is a good size (= quite large). 这婴儿长得可真大。
• I was amazed at the size of their garden (= It was very big). 他们花园的占地之大令我吃惊。
[saɪz] noun
MEASURE 度量
 IMPROVER countable
■one of the standard measures according to which goods are made or sold 尺码，号
• a size 14 dress 14号的裙子
• Do these shoes come (= Are they made) in children's sizes? 这些鞋有儿童尺码的吗?
• What size are you?/What is your size?/What size do you take ? 你穿几号的?
• Would you like to try the coat (on) for size (= see how well it fits you) , sir? 您想试试这件外套大小合适吗，先生?
• We'll need to get the carpet cut to size (= cut so that it fits). 我们需要把那块地毯裁剪得大小正合适。
[saɪz] noun
GLUE 胶水
uncountable specialized
■a substance like glue which gives stiffness and a hard shiny surface to cloth, paper, etc. （使衣服、纸张等坚挺的）浆料，胶料
[saɪz] noun
that's about the size of it informal
■used to show your agreement with someone who has said something correct 正是；就是那么一回事
• "So you mean you won't come to the party with me?" "Yes, that's about the size of it." “那么你的意思是你不和我一起参加派对了?”“对，就是这样。”
[saɪz] verb transitive
■to cover or treat cloth, paper, etc. with size 给（衣服、纸张等）上浆，给…涂胶
[saɪz] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] size sth/sb up
■to examine something or someone carefully and decide what you think about them 打量；估计；判断
• We must size up the situation before we decide what to do. 决定做甚么之前，我们必须认真分析判断形势。
• The two cats walked in circles around each other, sizing each other up. 两只猫围着彼此转圈，并且互相打量着。
n. 大小；尺寸
 - measurement, magnitude, dimension

Word: colonist
Front: colonist
[ˈkɒlənɪst] (六 9569/20071 -1)
Vocabulary: colonist
(once / 603 pages)
n
A colonist is a member of a government-backed group that settles in a new country or region. The land that's claimed by a colonist is usually already occupied by another group of people.
A colonist can also be called a settler, someone who helps start a settlement in a new land. You might think of colonial America and the original colonists, British subjects who settled along the eastern seaboard and claimed the land as their own, despite the presence of native people. Throughout history, colonists have tended to come from Western countries. At the heart of the word colonist is the Latin root colere, "to inhabit, tend, or guard."
WORD FAMILY
colonist: colonists+/ colonial: colonialism, colonially, colonials/ colonialism: colonialisms, colonialist, neocolonialism /colonialist: colonialists/colonisation: colonisations, decolonisation/colonise: colonisation, colonised, coloniser, colonises, colonising, decolonise/coloniser: colonisers/ colonization: colonizations/colonize: colonization, colonized, colonizer, colonizes, colonizing, decolonize/colonizer: colonizers/ colony: colonial, colonies, colonise, colonist, colonize/decolonize: decolonization, decolonized, decolonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bruce Beresford’s remarkable adaptation of Brian Moore’s novel Black Robe depicts an uneasy alliance between early colonists and the Algonquian people.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Forced off the land by colonists and exposed to new diseases, the Indigenous population shrank drastically.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The rock’s lower reaches are still dominated by Fort Frederick, a vast bastion built by Dutch colonists in the 1670s.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 殖民者; 殖民地居民; 移民
分布：殖民者(63%)，殖民地居民(37%)
US ['kɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■someone who lives in or goes to live in a country or area that is a colony 殖民地居民；殖民地移民；殖民地开拓者
n. 殖民者；殖民地居民；移民
 - migration, transplantation

Word: somber
Front: somber
['sɒmbə] (宝 9562/-)
Vocabulary: somber
(once / 1960 pages)
adj
Funerals are often somber affairs. Also your face after your teacher hands back an exam you failed. Somber is used to describe situations, facial expressions, or moods that are dark, gloomy, or depressing.
Something that is somber is often thought of as "in shadow," as in "the shadow of grief," or "the shadow of a bad mood." This is not just a coincidence. Somber comes from French sombre, which comes from Late Latin subumbrāre "to cast a shadow," from Latin sub umbrā "under a shadow."
WORD FAMILY
somber: somberer, somberest, somberly, somberness
USAGE EXAMPLES
They presented a somber vision of the turtles’ potential extinction and discussed ways to prevent that.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In Berlin the mood was more somber than celebratory.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s not somber scientists who drive human ingenuity, nor the warrior class and its quest for a better spear.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 昏暗的; （颜色等）暗淡的; 忧郁的; 严峻的
分布：忧郁的(42%)，阴暗的(18%)，严峻的(15%)，严肃的(15%)，微暗的(10%)
【记】读：三本。家家有本难念的经，你们家有三本难念的经－忧郁的
【反】cherubic（adj 天使一般可爱的）；droll（adj 好笑的）
adj. 忧郁的；昏暗的；严峻的；阴天的
 - severe, blue, dark, lowering

Word: containment
Front: containment
[kənˈteɪnmənt] (宝 9567/12355 -1)
Vocabulary: containment
(once / 7086 pages)
n
Containment is a way to keep something bad from spreading. If you get chicken pox, you won't be allowed back in school until you're not contagious anymore. Your school's aiming for containment of the disease by keeping you away from everyone else.
Containment is also a foreign policy strategy. If one country is stirring up trouble by sending weapons and fighters into neighboring countries, other countries can join together and enact a policy of containment, to isolate the rogue country and keep it from causing chaos outside its borders. In a nuclear reactor, the containment system is the back-up system that's supposed to keep dangerous radiation from leaking out into the atmosphere or water when there's an accident.
WORD FAMILY
contain: contained, container, containing, containment, contains+/contained: self-contained/ container: containerful, containerise, containerize, containers/containerize: containerized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The successful containment of an epidemic—a public-health triumph—would likewise impede vaccine development.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Containment of communism became the organizing principle of U.S. foreign policy for the next four decades, benefiting from broad bipartisanship consensus on the question.
Salon(Dec 07, 2016)
They say the wastewater was confined to a containment area and cleaned up.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 牵制; 包含; 容量; 密闭度
分布：控制(78%)，遏制政策(20%)，容积(2%)
→来自contain, 持，握，包含。
noun uncountable specialized
■when something or someone harmful is controlled and limited 控制；抑制；阻止
• Containment of crowd violence was the police's main concern. 阻止群体暴力事件的发生是警方最关注的事。
■an attempt to keep another country's political power within limits without having a war with them （对他国政治力量的）遏制
• The government is pursuing a policy of containment. 政府在奉行遏制政策。
n. 包含；牵制；容量；密闭度
 - bulk, involved in, involvement, comprehension, inclusion

Word: robber
Front: robber
[ˈrɒbə(r)] (四六雅 9557/9868 -1)
Vocabulary: robber
(once / 388 pages)
n
A robber is someone who steals from another person. A bank robber might steal money from a teller by claiming to have a gun, while a robber baron is much more subtle.
Robbery is the crime that robbers commit, taking someone's property or money by hurting them or threatening to hurt them. You might picture train robbers in an old Western movie, galloping away with their loot shooting their guns in the air. In the nineteenth century, Americans began using the term "robber baron" to mean wealthy, unscrupulous businessmen.
WORD FAMILY
robber: robbers+/ rob: robbed, robber, robbery, robbing, robs/ robbery: robberies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He helped clear a woman’s son of a robbery charge by locating surveillance video that proved he was not the robber.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As for the robbers, they fled on bicycles.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
In 2012, a convicted robber cut off his GPS bracelet and later challenged his conviction for doing so.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 强盗，盗贼
分布：强盗(86%)，盗贼(14%)
→来自 rob,抢劫，-er,人。
US ['rɑ:.bɚ] noun countable
■someone who steals 抢劫者；强盗；盗贼
• The robbers shot a policeman before making their getaway. 这伙强盗在逃走前开枪打死了一名员警。
burglar, gangster, thief, bandit, robber, pirate
这组词都有“资贼、强盗”的意思，其区别是：
burglar: 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster: 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief: 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit: 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber: 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。
pirate: 指海盗。
n. 强盗；盗贼
 - ladrone, bandit

Word: engulf
Front: engulf
[ɪnˈgʌlf] (托宝 9563/9687 -1)
Vocabulary: engulf
(once / 2179 pages)
v
Engulf is a verb that means being completely surrounded, soaked, or covered. Fire, snow, smoke, flood waters, or even violence are a few things that could engulf you.
Suppose an amusement park had a ride called Into the Whirlpool. Sounds like one for thrill-seekers who aren't afraid of water. Riders should expect to get lost inside, fully absorbed by the experience. The word engulf comes from the Old French word golfe, meaning "whirlpool," and the prefix en-, meaning "in or into." Riders of Into the Whirlpool should expect to feel engulfed — surrounded by water and completely covered.
WORD FAMILY
engulf: engulfed, engulfing, engulfs+/ gulf: engulf, gulfs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon he was followed by sprinting, dancing teammates who were quickly engulfed in hugs and confetti.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then the crisis at Fort Sumter escalated, threatening to engulf the nation.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
A man was found dead as a fire engulfed an apartment unit Sunday evening in Long Beach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 吞没; 包住; 吞食; 狼吞虎咽
时态：engulfed, engulfing, engulfs
分布：吞没(43%)，吞噬(38%)，席卷(19%)
→en-, 进入，使。gulf, 海湾，吞没。
【记】gulf（n 海湾vt 吞没）en进入，gulf＝golf高尔夫的球洞：吞噬高尔夫球
verb transitive
■to surround and cover something or someone completely 包围；吞没；淹没
• The flames rapidly engulfed the house. 大火很快吞没了那座房子。
• Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night. 昨晚一场暴风雪席卷了这个国家的北部地区。
• The war is threatening to engulf the entire region. 战火有可能会席卷整个地区。
vt. 吞没；吞食，狼吞虎咽
 - gulf, devour

Word: unsettle
Front: unsettle
[ˌʌnˈsetl] (宝 9564/11289 -1)
Back: vt. 扰乱; 使不安定
vi. 被扰乱
时态：unsettled, unsettling, unsettles
分布：使动摇(100%)
【记】un不，settle（v 定居；使平静）
【参】unsettled（adj 未处理的；未决定的）
【反】ensconce（v 隐藏；安置）
VERB
使不安；使担心
If something unsettles you, it makes you feel rather worried or uncertain.
例：The presence of the two policemen unsettled her.两名警察的出现让她感到不安。
vt. 使动摇；使不安定；使心神不宁
 - destabilize, unfix

Word: malpractice
Front: malpractice
[ˌmælˈpræktɪs] (六宝 9572/16303 -1)
Vocabulary: malpractice
(once / 8359 pages)
n
If you needed your tonsils removed but your surgeon accidentally took out your appendix instead, you could sue her for malpractice, or mistreatment by a doctor that results in harm to the patient.
There are many kinds of malpractice, but medical and legal — by a doctor or lawyer — are the most common. Any professional who injures a client or patient through negligence risks being accused of malpractice, and possibly taken to court. The prefix mal means "bad," from the Latin word malus, or "evil." Practice comes from the Modern Latin practicare, "to practice." If a doctor practices medicine badly enough that it hurts someone, that's malpractice.
WORD FAMILY
malpractice: malpractices
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It would be diplomatic malpractice not to try to pursue ... reducing the violence. And what’s the alternative? ... The place is being utterly destroyed,” he added.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Imposing limits on lawsuits that seek damages for product liability claims, injuries, medical malpractice and workplace discrimination is another priority.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Failing to do so would amount to corporate malpractice.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. <律>玩忽职守; [医]治疗不当，滥治; 弊端; 藏掖
分布：失职(80%)，行为不当(20%)
→mal-,坏的，不良的，practice,实践，操作。比喻用法。
不法行为(mal+practice做事,实践→做坏事)[mal-表示"坏,恶"(亦作male)]
noun uncountable specialized
■failure to act correctly or legally when doing your job, often causing injury or loss 营私舞弊；怠忽职守，渎职
• They are accused of medical/financial/electoral malpractice. 他们被控医疗疏忽／财务舞弊／选举舞弊。
n. 玩忽职守；不法行为； [临床] 治疗不当
 - dereliction, fall asleep at the switch

Word: subtly
Front: subtly
['sʌtlɪ] (9566/9692)
Vocabulary: subtly
(once / 2642 pages)
adv
The adverb subtly describes something that's done in a delicate or understated way. You could subtly suggest to your best friend that a breath mint might taste good, rather than telling her straight out that she's got terrible breath.
When you do something subtly, you do it quietly and indirectly — like subtly criticizing your mom's choice of beachwear. If you smile subtly, it's a small, mysterious, Mona Lisa-type smile rather than a wide, open one. There are two tricks to the word subtly: first, when you add the ly to the word subtle, the e gets dropped. Second, don't confuse subtly with subtlety, a noun meaning "the state of being subtle."
WORD FAMILY
subtle: subtilise, subtilize, subtlely, subtler, subtlest, subtlety, subtly, unsubtle+/subtilise: subtilised, subtilises, subtilising/subtilize: subtilized, subtilizes, subtilizing/ subtlety: subtleties/unsubtle: unsubtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is not as if the Rockets are superior to the Thunder simply because Harden is subtly winning the superstar matchup.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The loss of vigilance against the elements of prison that subtly ask you to surrender your dignity.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
They studied 300 specimens from different species spanning 400 million years to see how bones changed subtly over millennia.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 隐隐约约地
分布：精细地(34%)，巧妙地(33%)，敏锐地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
不易察觉的;不明显的;微妙的
Something that is subtle is not immediately obvious or noticeable.
例：...the slow and subtle changes that take place in all living things...发生在所有生物身上的缓慢而细微的变化
例：Intolerance can take subtler forms too.过敏反应也可能会表现得很不明显。
ADJ-GRADED
机智的;机巧的;狡猾的
A subtle person cleverly uses indirect methods to achieve something.
例：I even began to exploit him in subtle ways...我甚至开始巧妙地利用他。
例：He is a subtle character, you know.你知道他为人狡猾。
ADJ-GRADED
清淡的;隐约的;柔和的
Subtle smells, tastes, sounds, or colours are pleasantly complex and delicate.
例：...subtle shades of brown.淡棕色
例：...delightfully subtle scents.怡人的淡淡香气
adv. 精细地；巧妙地；敏锐地
 - tenuously, skillfully

Word: generating
Front: generating
['dʒenəreɪtɪŋ] (9548/8982)
Back: n. 发生，产生
v. 生（儿、女）( generate的现在分词 ); （通过物理或化学过程）发生; 生成; 引起
分布：产生(81%)，发生(17%)，动词generate的现在分词.(2%)
VERB
造成；引起；导致
To generate something means to cause it to begin and develop.
例：The Employment Minister said the reforms would generate new jobs.劳工大臣表示，改革将带来新的就业机会。
例：...the excitement generated by the changes in Eastern Europe.东欧变革引起的骚动
VERB
产生（能量）；发（电）
To generate a form of energy or power means to produce it.
例：The company, New England Electric, burns coal to generate power.新英格兰电力公司用煤发电。
adj. 产生的；生成的
 - creating, procreant
n. 产生；发生
 - occurrence, going on, emergence, becoming
v. 生成；引起（generate的现在分词）
 - eliciting

Word: magnify
Front: magnify
[ˈmægnɪfaɪ] (研六托雅宝 9568/11203 -1)
Vocabulary: magnify
(once / 834 pages)
v
To magnify is to make something bigger, whether in size or in significance.
A magnifying glass makes things look bigger and when anything is magnified, it gets larger in some way. If your hunger is magnified, you've gotten hungrier. Wearing a heavy coat on a hot day will magnify the heat: you're feeling hotter and hotter. Also, non-physical things get magnified. The press could magnify a story by discussing it over and over, making it a bigger story than it was originally. All types of magnifying make things bigger.
WORD FAMILY
magnify: magnification, magnified, magnifier, magnifies, magnifying+/ magnification: magnifications/magnifier: magnifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two main classes of figurative language, Pope argued, were responsible: “the Magnifying” and “the Diminishing.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“Under President-elect Trump, a developer himself, he will magnify the need for a program like this,” he said at the event, according to the publication.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Investigators targeted more than 280 nail bars as part of the government's Operation Magnify drive targeting "risk" industries.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 放大; 赞美; 夸大; 夸奖
vi. 放大; 有放大能力
时态：magnified, magnifying, magnifies
分布：放大(81%)，夸大(19%)
→magni-,巨大的，-fy,做，使。即使巨大。
vt.放大,扩大,夸大,夸张A loudspeaker magnifies the human voice.扬声器扩大人的声音.
verb transitive
■to make something look larger than it is, especially by looking at it through a specially cut piece of glass 放大，扩大
• Although our skin looks smooth, when magnified it is full of bumps and holes. 我们的皮肤看上去很光滑，但放大后却满是坑坑洼洼。
■disapproving
■to make a problem bigger and more important than it really is 夸大（问题）
• The hot summer magnified the racial tensions in the community. 炎热的夏日加深了社区的种族矛盾。
enlarge, magnify, increase, expand, multiply, augment, amplify
这组词都有“增加，增大”的意思，其区别是：
enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大；也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。
increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。
expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加。
augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。
exaggerate, magnify
这组词都有“夸大，夸张”的意思，其区别是：
exaggerate: 指有意或无意地夸张或夸大，含强烈“过火”意味。
magnify: 本义为“放大或扩大”，引申用与exaggerate含义类似，但不如exaggerate常用。
magnify, strengthen
magnify: 放大，扩大
strengthen: 加强，强化
enlarge, stretch, expand, reinforce, magnify, amplify
enlarge: v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。
 • enlarge photograph   放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch: v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。
 • The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.   这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
 • Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.   完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
expand: v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。
 • The balloon expanded, then exploded.   气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。
reinforce: v.增援，加固。
magnify: v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
 • His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.   他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。
amplify: v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。
 • We must ask you to amplify your statement.   我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。
vt. 放大；赞美；夸大
 - praise, celebrate, bless
vi. 放大；有放大能力
 - enlarge, zoom up

Word: admirer
Front: admirer
[ədˈmaɪərə(r)] (9570/8685)
Vocabulary: admirer
(once / 549 pages)
n
An admirer is a fan, supporter, or lover. If you're an admirer of Jane Austen, you are enthusiastic about her novels and appreciate her writing.
The president of a pop star's fan club can describe himself as the star's admirer, and a college student who is crazy about her psychology professor is also an admirer. If there's someone in your life who leaves unsigned love notes in your mailbox, you can call that person your "secret admirer." In the 1700s, the word was primarily romantic, and it comes from a Latin root, admirari, "to wonder at."
WORD FAMILY
admirer: admirers+/ admirable: admirability, admirableness, admirablest, admirably/ admiration: admirations/ admire: admirable, admiration, admired, admirer, admires, admiring/admiring: admiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the photographer and many of his admirers, these portraits were an ode to the “age of innocence.”
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
"I'm a massive Star Wars fan and a big admirer of her work battling mental health."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
A suggestion to grieving admirers: Honor her not by watching her movies again, but by reading her books.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 赞赏者; 羡慕者; 崇拜者; （女子的）爱慕者
分布：仰慕者(75%)，钦佩者(18%)，求爱者(7%)
US [-'maɪr.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who finds someone else sexually attractive, or someone who admires someone or something 爱慕者；钦慕者；赞赏者；羡慕者
• She's got plenty of admirers. 她有很多追求者。
• She's got a secret admirer who keeps sending her gifts. 她有一个暗恋者老送她礼物。
• The policy has few admirers (= few people like it). 这项政策不得人心。
n. 爱慕者；赞赏者；钦佩者
 - adorer, worshipper

Word: bilingual
Front: bilingual
[ˌbaɪˈlɪŋgwəl] (雅宝 9541/12544 -1)
Vocabulary: bilingual
(once / 10000 pages)
adjn
Bilingual is an adjective that describes a person or community that speaks two languages. A bilingual woman might speak Spanish and English, and a part of town where people speak Mandarin and Polish is a bilingual neighborhood.
The prefix bi- means “having two,” and the Latin word lingua means “tongue, language,” so bilingual literally means “having two tongues.” It would be a mouthful to have two physical tongues, but luckily bilingual is for language tongues: the ability to speak two languages fluently. Bilingual is also a noun, and a person can be called a bilingual, like in the African country Chad, where the official languages are French and Arabic, and where many of the citizens are bilinguals.
WORD FAMILY
bilingual: bilingualism, bilingually, bilinguals+/bilingualism: bilingualist/bilingualist: bilingualists/lingua: linguae, lingual, linguas/ lingual: bilingual, lingually, linguals, sublingual
USAGE EXAMPLES
U.S.-born Latinos typically are bilingual or speak mostly English and are inclined to watch TV in English — if they watch at all.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Educators say growing interest in bilingual programs will boost already high demand for teachers trained and credentialed to teach the classes.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A growing number of Washington students are immigrants who do not speak English at home, with Latino students the fastest-growing group of bilingual students.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 双语的，两种语言的，能说两种语言的
n. 能说两种语言的人
分布：双语的(100%)
→前缀bi-, 二。词根ling, 语言，同language.
双语种的(bi+lingu语言+al→双语的)[bi-表示"两个,两"]
两种语言的(bi+lingu+al)[lingu=language,表示"语言",原意为"舌头"]
【记】bi两个，lingu语言－两种语言的
【参】linguistics（n 语言学）
adjective
■(of a person) able to use two languages for communication, or (of a thing) using or involving two languages （人）熟悉两种语言的，能说两种语言的；用两种语言的
• She works as a bilingual secretary for an insurance company. 她在一家保险公司担任双语秘书。
• a bilingual dictionary 双语词典
Compare monolingual ; multilingual ; trilingual

Word: then
Front: then
[ðen] (中高 77/59 -K5)
Vocabulary: then
(once / 4 pages)
1advnadj 2adv
Then is a word that puts things in order by time, or refers to a moment in time: you get up; then you have breakfast. You're married now; back then, you were single.
The word then can also be used as a consequence, often after the word if. If you watch the kids, then I will clean the house. Don't confuse then with than, which sounds similar. Than is used to compare two things: I like spaghetti better than macaroni and cheese. Then is about time or consequence: you eat dinner, then get dessert. If you're good, then maybe you'll get a big dessert.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
than / then
Than compares things, but then is all about time. They sound similar and were even spelled the same until the 1700s. Not anymore! Vive la difference!
Than shows comparison and has words on either side. A giraffe is bigger than a weasel. A pickle tastes better than a shoe. Than shows up in familiar sayings:
It's better to give than to receive.
Actions speak louder than words.
His bark is worse than his bite.
Problems arise when a pronoun follows than. Is it "She is taller than I"? Or "She is taller than me"? If you said "taller than I," you are correct! Because of the understood verb — "She is taller than I (am)" — you use I not me. (If that sounds a little stuffy, don't worry. Over the years it's become okay to save "taller than I" for formal writing and use "taller than me" informally.)
Okay, then, let's talk about then. Then doesn't bother comparing anything, it just moves things along. Then can be used as in "next," or "at a particular time," or "in that case." It often comes after an "if" as in "If we write about cats, then we must write about dogs." And then there were examples:
She got up at 4 a.m. to practice, then went to school, then got back in the pool to practice some more. (Washington Post)
Moun was treated by prison medical staff, then taken to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead. (Los Angeles Times)
Getting these imports at a cheaper price, then, is good news. (US News)
There you have it. Than is higher in the alphabet than the word then. When making comparisons, than gets an A because it's more competitive. It's even first in the alphabet! Then has an "e" because it's n-e-xt.
WORD FAMILY
then: thens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Qaddafi was toppled and then little was done to save Libya from a descent into turmoil.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Prosecutors say she crashed into an SUV and was then hit head-on by another car.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
No. 13 Wisconsin appears in both of the Big Ten’s matchups, first visiting No. 25 Indiana on Tuesday then visiting No. 20 Purdue on Sunday.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 那时; 然后; 那么; 话说回来
adj. 当时的; 那时的
分布：然后(74%)，那么(17%)，当时(6%)，而且(2%)，当时的(1%)
→来自古英语 thanne,在此之后，然后，来自 Proto-Germanic*thana,那个，来自 to,指示代词， 词源同 this,that.其与拼写变体形式 than 现已产生词义和用法上的差别。
ad.当时,在那时;然后,于是;那么,因而Since then the sincere princess has known the principal principle.从那时起诚实的公主就知道该主要原理.
adverb [before noun] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■(at) that time (in the past or in the future) 在当时（过去或未来）（的）；在那时（的）
• I was working in the city then. 那时我在城里工作。
• formal I wanted to live in the city, but my then husband (= the man who was my husband at that time) preferred the country. 我希望住在城里，但我当时的丈夫想住在乡下。
• Give it to me next week - I won't have time to read it before/until then. 下周给我吧——我只有到那时才有时间看。
• I'll phone you tomorrow - I should have the details by then. 我明天会给你打电话，到那时我应该知道详情了。
[ðen] adverb [before noun] adjective
from then on
■from that time 从那时起
• She had a car accident a year ago and suffered from back pain from then on. 她一年前发生车祸，自此就一直背痛。
[ðen] adverb [before noun] adjective
then and there (also there and then)
■immediately 立即，马上
• I suggested he phone his mother and he did it there and then. 我建议他给他妈妈打电话，他立即照做了。
[ðen] adverb [before noun] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  then or than? Warning: Choose the right word! These two words look similar, but they are spelled differently and have completely different meanings.
[ðen] adverb
NEXT 接着
 ESSENTIAL
■next or after that 然后，接着，后来
• Let me finish this job, then we'll go. 让我把这工作做完，我们再走。
• Give her the letter to read, then she'll understand. 把那封信给她看，她就会明白的了。
[ðen] adverb
IN ADDITION 此外
 ESSENTIAL
■in addition 此外；而且；还
• This is the standard model, then there's the deluxe version which costs more. 这是普通版，另外还有价钱比较贵的豪华版。
[ðen] adverb
RESULT 结果
 ESSENTIAL
■as a result; in that case; also used as a way of joining a statement to an earlier piece of conversation 这么说来，那么，既然如此
• Have a rest now, then you won't be so tired this evening. 现在休息一会儿，这样的话今晚你就不会那么累了。
• You'll be selling your house, then? 这么说你要卖掉你的房子？
[ðen] adverb
but then (again)
■but when you think about the matter more or in another way 不过话又说回来；不过仔细想想
• I agree she types accurately, but then again, she's very slow. 我承认她打字很准确，不过话又说回来，她打得很慢。
adv. 然后；那么；于是；当时；此外
 - accordingly, next, moreover, again, besides
n. 那时
 - lors
conj. 然后，当时
 - and

Word: misguided
Front: misguided
[ˌmɪsˈgaɪdɪd] (9573/11242 -1)
Vocabulary: misguided
(once / 2414 pages)
adj
A misguided decision is one that's made without good judgment and careful thought. It would be misguided to think you could write your entire term paper in one night, or to climb into the polar bear exhibit at the zoo for a better look at them.
Misguided is a polite way to say "a really dumb decision or belief." Your choice to go swimming in the ocean during a hurricane would definitely be considered misguided, and so would your decision to join the mountain climbing team if you are afraid of heights. Both are examples of unwise choices made after not enough deliberation. Misguided uses the prefix mis-, "bad or wrong," and guided, or "directed."
WORD FAMILY
misguided: misguidedly+/ guidance: guidances/ guide: guidance, guided, guides, guiding, misguide /guided: unguided/guiding: guidingly/ misguide: misguided, misguides, misguiding
USAGE EXAMPLES
But according to experts, checking your weight is a misguided, demoralizing way to gauge overall health.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Exploitative TV shows that reinforce the misguided formula of cutting calories / increasing exercise do almost everyone - - Personal Trainers included - - a disservice.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
In a recent phone interview, Foster said Knutson’s anger at him is misguided.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 被误导的; 搞错的; 误入歧途的
v. 使入歧途(misguide的过去分词)
分布：被误导的(70%)，搞错的(12%)，举措失当的(12%)，动词misguide的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，guide,引导。
adjective
■unreasonable or unsuitable because of being based on bad judgment or on wrong information or beliefs 被误导的；被引入歧途的；判断失误的
• He was shot as he made a misguided attempt to stop the robbers single-handed. 他不理智地想一个人制止劫匪抢劫，结果遭到枪击。
• The company blamed its disappointing performance on a misguided business plan. 这家公司将其令人失望的表现归咎于错误的商业计划。
v. 使入歧途（misguide的过去分词）
 - perverted

Word: clash
Front: clash
[klæʃ] (研六雅宝 6143/3873 -3)
Vocabulary: clash
(once / 476 pages)
1vn 2n
When two things clash, they run violently into each other, often with an accompanying loud noise. The percussionist in an orchestra has the enviable job of making two cymbals clash together.
Kids clash when they run into each other on the playground, but they can also clash through a strong disagreement: "My cousins always clash when it comes to deciding what movie to watch after dinner." Also, your shirt might clash with your pants, if the colors or prints simply don't go together. Clash is imitative — it sounds like its original meaning, "make a loud, sharp sound," and may be related to the words clap and crash.
WORD FAMILY
clash: clashed, clashes, clashing+/clashing: clashingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
As clashes continued in and around Mosul on Monday, Isis also targeted military positions away from the main battlefield.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, Democrats see opportunities on issues on which Trump clashed with his party or where Republicans themselves worry that the party’s position is unpopular.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Bombardments ceased before that time - although some clashes continued - but began again late on Sunday.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 发出撞击声
vi. 争论; 不合; 交锋; 撞击出刺耳的响声
n. 冲突; 不协调; 撞击声
时态：clashed, clashing, clashes
分布：冲突(91%)，抵触(6%)，撞击声(2%)，使…发出撞击声(1%)
→拟声词，冲撞的声音。
v./n.碰撞n.碰撞声The ashtray, splashed with ash, crashed with a clash in a flash while being washed.那个溅有灰尘的烟灰盘在清洗时咣当一声一下子摔碎了.
【记】不仔细看clash＝dash（v 猛冲，猛撞）－冲突，撞击
【参】crush（v 压坏，压碎）；trash（n 垃圾）
verb
FIGHT 打架
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fight or argue 打斗，打架；发生冲突；争论，争辩
• Students clashed with police after demonstrations at five universities. 学生在五所大学示威之后与员警发生了冲突。
• The government and the opposition parties have clashed over the cuts in defence spending. 政府与反对党派在削减国防开支的问题上发生了激烈的争执。
intransitive
■If two opinions, statements or qualities clash, they are very different from each other （两种意见、声明或品质）有分歧，不相容，相抵触
• This latest statement from the White House clashes with important aspects of US foreign policy. 白宫的最新声明与美国外交政策的重要方面相抵触。
[klæʃ] verb
COMPETE 竞争
intransitive
■If two people or teams clash in a sports competition or race, they compete seriously against each other. （在比赛中）激烈竞争
[klæʃ] verb
NOT ATTRACTIVE 不吸引人的
intransitive not continuous
■If colours or styles clash, they look ugly or wrong together （颜色或风格）不协调，不搭配，不调和
• I like red and orange together, though lots of people think they clash. 我喜欢红色和橙色相搭配，尽管许多人认为这两种颜色不协调。
[klæʃ] verb
HAPPEN TOGETHER 同时发生
intransitive not continuous UK
■If two events clash, they happen at the same time in a way that is not convenient （时间上）相冲突，相矛盾
• Her party clashes with my brother's wedding, so I won't be able to go. 她的聚会与我哥哥的婚礼碰巧都在同一天，所以我不能参加。
[klæʃ] verb
LOUD NOISE 很响亮的声音
intransitive or transitive
■to make a loud metallic noise, or to cause something to make this noise （使金属）砰地相碰撞；（使）碰撞作响
• The saucepans clashed as he piled them into the sink. 他把那些煮锅堆放在水槽时，锅子相互碰撞当啷作响。
• She clashed the cymbals together. 她敲响铙钹。
[klæʃ] noun
FIGHT 打架
 ADVANCED countable
■a fight or argument between people 冲突；打斗；争论，争执
• Rioters hurled rocks and petrol bombs in clashes with police at the weekend. 暴乱分子在周末与警方发生冲突，向其投掷了石块和汽油弹。
• There were violent clashes between the police and demonstrators in the city centre. 在市中心，员警和示威者之间发生了暴力冲突。
 ADVANCED countable usually singular
■a situation in which people's opinions or qualities are very different from and opposed to each other （观点或品质等的）分歧，抵触，冲突，巨大差异
• a clash of opinions/loyalties/personalities 观点分歧／在效忠问题上的冲突／性格不合
[klæʃ] noun
COMPETITION 竞争
countable
■a sports competition or race between two people or teams 竞争，竞赛
[klæʃ] noun
NOT ATTRACTIVE 不吸引人的
countable
■when colours or styles look ugly or wrong together （颜色或风格）不协调，不搭配，不调和
[klæʃ] noun
HAPPENING TOGETHER 同时发生
countable UK
■when two events happen at the same time in a way that is not convenient （时间上）相冲突，相矛盾
• In the new timetable, there's a clash between history and physics. 新课程表中，历史课和物理课时间上冲突了。
[klæʃ] noun
LOUD NOISE 很响亮的声音
countable
■a loud metallic noise （使金属）砰地相碰撞
• a clash of cymbals 铙钹的铿锵声
grind, crush, crack, smash, clash, crash
grind: 磨碎
crush: 压碎，压坏；
crack: 破裂；
smash: 打碎；
clash: 着重声音；
crash: 着重破坏
clash, collision, impact, shock
这组词都有“冲击，碰撞”的意思，其区别是：
clash: 通常指两个或多个物体，特别是金属物发出刺耳声音或破裂声的撞击。也可引申指意见、利益等的冲突。
collision: 指物体相撞，其结果不是受损就是严重受阻。
impact: 正式用词，侧重指物体相撞的结果或接触点。
shock: 指强烈冲击在肉体上或思想感情上所产生的效果。
collide, conflict, bump, clash
这组词都有“碰撞”的意思，其区别是：
collide: 多指带毁坏性的猛烈相撞，也可指严重的直接冲突。
conflict: 这个词以前可表具体东西的撞击，现在常指冲突或对立。
bump: 主要指具体东西的有力碰撞，也可指碰到困难或障碍。
clash: 指有力的或带有金属碰击声的打、敲或相互冲击。
n. 冲突，不协调；碰撞声，铿锵声
 - interference, conflict, war, collision, warfare
vi. 冲突，抵触；砰地相碰撞，发出铿锵声
 - tang, collide with

Word: CD-ROM
Front: CD-ROM
[ˌsi: di: 'rɒm] (中雅 -1)
Back: abbr. 只读光盘驱动器（Compact Disc Read - Only Memory）
US [-'rɑ:m] noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL abbreviation for
■compact disc read-only memory: a compact disc that holds large amounts of information that can be read by a computer but cannot be changed 唯读光碟
• Cambridge dictionaries are available on CD-ROM. 剑桥词典有唯读光碟版。

Word: mailing
Front: mailing
[ˈmeɪlɪŋ] (9565/12303)
Back: n. <美>邮寄; 投递; 邮件; <苏格兰>农场租金
v. 邮寄( mail的现在分词 )
分布：邮寄(98%)，邮寄品(1%)，动词mail的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
邮寄;投寄
Mailing is the activity of sending things to people through the postal service.
例：The newsletter was printed towards the end of June in readiness for mailing...快到6月底的时候，时事通讯印刷完毕准备投寄。
例：The owners of the store have stepped up customer mailings.店主们加大了对顾客的邮寄宣传力度。
N-COUNT
邮件
A mailing is something that is sent to people through the postal service.
例：The seniors organizations sent out mailings to their constituencies.老年人组织向各自的会员寄送了邮件。
n. 邮寄；邮件；（苏格兰）农场租金
 - post, dak

Word: shine
Front: shine
[ʃaɪn] (中高托 3385/3329 -K2)
Vocabulary: shine
(once / 65 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v
To shine is to give off a bright, glowing light. Your porch light shines at night, and if the sky is clear and cloudless, the moon will shine too.
The sun and a light bulb both shine, and things that simply reflect light can be said to shine too, like a diamond ring or clean, glossy hair. In a more figurative way, people shine when they stand out for doing something extremely well: "The lead actress really shines in her role as Lady Macbeth." The Old English root of shine is scinan, which means "shed light, be radiant, or illuminate," and also "be conspicuous."
WORD FAMILY
shine: shined, shiner, shines, shining, shiny, shone+/shiner: shiners/shining: shininger, shiningest, shiningly, shinings/ shiny: shinier, shiniest, shinily, shininess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let It Shine is filling the BBC One Saturday night slot that was vacated by The Voice UK's move to ITV.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It's 54 degrees and cloudy, but the sun is trying to peak through and shine against the San Gabriel Mountains.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Surely now is the time to let them shine.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 发出光; 反射光，闪耀; 出类拔萃，表现突出; 露出
vt. 照射，把光射后; 〈口〉通过擦拭使…变得有光泽或光亮
n. 光亮，光泽; 好天气; 擦皮鞋; 鬼把戏或诡计
时态：shone, shining, shines
分布：照耀(33%)，发光(26%)，阳光(15%)，光泽(9%)，光辉(7%)，出色(4%)，使发光(3%)，投光于(2%)，喜欢(1%)
→来自古英语 scinan,照耀，照明，发光，来自 Proto-Germanic*skinan,照耀，发光，来自 skai, 照耀，发光，词源同 sheen,shimmer.
v.照耀,发光;擦亮n.光泽,光The submitted submarine on the magic magazine is shining and magnificent.魔术杂志上那艘提交的潜艇闪亮而壮观.
verb (shone or shined, shone or shined)
LIGHT 光线
 ESSENTIAL intransitive
■to send out or reflect light 照耀；发光；反光
• Is that light shining in your eyes? 那光晃眼吗？
• The sun shone all afternoon. 整个下午阳光灿烂。
• He polished the brass till it shone. 他把黄铜器皿擦得闪闪发光。
shine with sth
■If a person's eyes or face shine with a quality, you can see that quality in them very strongly （眼中或脸上）洋溢着，闪着
• Her eyes shone with delight. 她眼里洋溢着喜悦。
intransitive or transitive
■to point a light in a particular direction 用光照射
• The policeman walked along the street, shining a torch into every car. 员警沿着街走，拿手电筒把每辆车都照了一遍。
transitive
■to make something bright by rubbing it 把…擦亮
• Guy ironed his shirt and shined his shoes for the interview. 为了参加面试，盖伊熨平了衬衫，擦亮了皮鞋。
[ʃaɪn] verb (shone or shined, shone or shined)
ABILITY 能力
intransitive
■to be extremely good at an activity or skill, in an obvious way 表现突出，出众
• She's hopeless at languages, but she shines at/in science. 她在语言方面糟透了，但理科却很出众。
[ʃaɪn] verb (shone or shined, shone or shined)
  Phrasal Verbs  shine out
■If people or things shine out, they are noticeable because they are very good 突出，出众
• The play has a very strong cast, but two actors in particular shine out. 这部戏的演员阵容十分强大，其中有两名尤为突出。
■If a quality shines out of someone, it is strong and easy to see （品质）显而易见
• Her honesty and sincerity positively shine out. 她的诚实和诚恳是显而易见的。
[ʃaɪn] noun [S or U]
■when something is bright from reflected light on its surface 光彩；光泽
• hair with body and shine 有造型又有光泽的头发
• Wax polish gives a lovely shine to wood furniture. 用蜡打磨，可以使木制家俱发亮，非常漂亮。
[ʃaɪn] noun [S or U]
take a shine to sb informal
■to like someone immediately 立刻喜欢上（某人）
• I think he's taken a bit of a shine to you. 我想他立刻有点喜欢上你了。
vi. 照耀；显露；出众
 - develop, break upon
n. 光泽；擦亮；晴天
 - sunshine, reflet
vt. 擦亮；把…的光投向
 - rub up, burnish

Word: deity
Front: deity
[ˈdeɪəti] (托 9560/9211 -1)
Vocabulary: deity
(once / 356 pages)
n
A deity is a supernatural being, like a god or goddess, that is worshipped by people who believe it controls or exerts force over some aspect of the world.
The word deity means "divine nature." It was coined by Saint Augustine, a theologian whose writings were very influential in the shaping of Western Christianity. Deity comes from the Latin word for "god": deus. The divine nature of deities is believed to be immortal goodness and powerfulness.
WORD FAMILY
deity: deities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The turtle was widely considered to be a deity.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
As the “deity” of a “small country”, he watches how authority and control evolve amid this microcosm of desperate humankind.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
But Osun is not the only deity worshiped in the Sacred Grove.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 神，女神; 上帝
分布：神(94%)，神性(6%)
→来自dyeu,发光，照耀，神，词源同diurnal, diva, Zeus.
神[de=god(神)]
US ['di:.ə.tˌi] noun countable
■a god or goddess 神；女神
• Ares and Aphrodite were the ancient Greek deities of war and love. 阿瑞斯和阿佛洛狄特分别是古希腊的战神和爱神。
n. 神；神性
 - divinity, holy one

Word: sinister
Front: sinister
[ˈsɪnɪstə(r)] (托宝 9576/6953 -2)
Vocabulary: sinister
(once / 721 pages)
adj
People who are left-handed might feel unlucky having to use a desk designed for right-handers, but there probably wasn't any sinister, or evil, intent behind the design. Or was there?
In the 15th century, when the word sinister came into use in English, people who were left-handed were thought to be bad luck or even evil. In his play Hamlet, Shakespeare wrote of the villain holding a human skull in his sinister — i.e., left — hand. It would seem to be sinister, or wicked, enough to see a human skull in the right hand, not to mention unlucky for the person missing a head in the first place.
WORD FAMILY
sinister: sinisterly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In truth, the explanation for soaring prices is “much more straightforward and sinister — collusion among generic drug competitors,” the complaint said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And during his time with Death Row, Tupac’s music grew increasingly sinister.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
My classic teenage rebellion morphed into something more sinister, a wish for a new and superior set of parents who would understand me.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 危险的; 不吉祥的; 凶兆的; 险恶的
分布：邪恶的(56%)，不祥的(24%)，左边的(10%)，灾难性的(10%)
→来自古法语 sinistre,向左的，不利的，来自拉丁语 sinister,左边。词义演变来自“左”在古代 与邪恶，凶恶相联系的隐含义。比较 dextrose,右旋糖，dexterity,灵巧，灵活。
【记】sinister作为词根在左侧的，不幸的，罗马占卜时，视左侧出现的征兆为不祥sin罪孽，ister＝sister：姐姐犯错－不祥的
【参】singe（v 轻微地烧焦）哥哥犯错
US [-stɚ] adjective
■making you feel that something bad or evil might happen 不祥的，有凶兆的
• The ruined house had a sinister appearance. 那栋倒塌的房子外观给人一种不祥之感。
• A sinister-looking man sat in the corner of the room. 一个神情阴险的男子坐在房间的角落里。
adj. 阴险的；凶兆的；灾难性的；左边的
 - insidious, snaky

Word: metabolism
Front: metabolism
[məˈtæbəlɪzəm] (托雅宝 9561/9303 -1)
Vocabulary: metabolism
(once / 7040 pages)
1n 2n
Your metabolism is the result of all the processes in your body working together to create the energy that keeps you going.
Your metabolism is the rate at which your body's many processes function, and it can be low, high, or somewhere in the middle. When you're younger, your high metabolism makes it easy to lose weight but as you get older your metabolism slows down and you might put on a few pounds. Exercising speeds up your metabolism. This word also refers to the sudden transformation of a larva into an adult in some animals.
WORD FAMILY
metabolism: metabolise, metabolisms, metabolize +/metabolic: metabolically, metabolism /metabolise: metabolised/ metabolize: metabolized, metabolizes, metabolizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If they don’t show a return to normal in metabolism, what hope is there for the rest of us?”
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It is also expanding aggressively into “medical foods,” intended to help prevent, treat or manage conditions like metabolism issues, cancer and obesity.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
There are more than 100 varieties of these hormones, which help regulate metabolism and digest foods.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 新陈代谢; 代谢作用
分布：新陈代谢(100%)
→meta-,改变，-bol,扔，投，词源同hyperbole,ballet,ballistic.即改变扔的方向，使发生变化，并用于生物学术语新陈代谢。比较anabolism.
新陈代谢(mata+bol抛＋ism→抛(旧)变新)
noun countable specialized
■all the chemical processes in your body, especially those that cause food to be used for energy and growth 新陈代谢
• Exercise is supposed to speed up your metabolism. 人们认为运动可加速新陈代谢。

Word: outburst
Front: outburst
[ˈaʊtbɜ:st] (9577/8541 -1)
Vocabulary: outburst
(once / 765 pages)
n
When you can't help an angry shout or a burst of emotion, that's an outburst. A toddler's outburst might take the form of a full-blown temper tantrum.
An outburst of passion or emotion can be angry words, a broken glass, or a triumphant whoop. There are also figurative outbursts, like the outburst of political enthusiasm within a particular group of voters, or an outburst of energy in the midst of a modern dance performance. The Middle English verb that proceeded outburst was outbresten.
WORD FAMILY
outburst: outbursts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the attainment of joy in the finale is preceded by a terrifying outburst of sonic chaos.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Panzer said he eventually got used to the way staff handled his outbursts.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The same was true of Sherman’s first sideline outburst this season against the Falcons — a game Chancellor wasn’t even in uniform for.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （蒸汽，怒气等的）爆发; 破裂
分布：爆发(82%)，突发(18%)
US [-bɝ:st] noun countable
■a sudden forceful expression of emotion, especially anger （尤指愤怒情绪的）爆发，迸发
• a violent outburst 强烈情感的爆发
• an outburst of creative activity 创造性活动的激增
• Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss. 她的评论惹得老板勃然大怒。
n. （火山、情感等的）爆发；破裂
 - explosion, fracture, burst

Word: ascertain
Front: ascertain
[ˌæsəˈteɪn] (研六托雅 9571/5989 -1)
Vocabulary: ascertain
(once / 228 pages)
v
Ascertain is a verb that means to find out something. You might have to go to the bank to ascertain if there is any money in your account.
This is a formal word that often applies to discovering the facts or truth about something through examination or experimentation. Information that is ascertained is certain beyond a doubt. If you want a less formal synonym, use discover.
WORD FAMILY
ascertain: ascertainable, ascertained, ascertaining, ascertains+/ascertainable: ascertainably, unascertainable
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was difficult to ascertain what online commentary was permitted.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We now ascertain that the observable universe exceeds 90 billion light-years across.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Writing for the majority, Justice Mary Fairhurst noted that “mental-health professionals face an incredibly difficult task in ascertaining whether a patient will act violently.”
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 弄清，确定，查明
时态：ascertained, ascertaining, ascertains
分布：确定(77%)，查明(19%)，探知(4%)
→as-同ad-. certain, 确定。
确定,发现[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
vt.确定,查明,弄清It is difficult to ascertain what happened here.这里发生的事情很难查明.
US [-ɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■to discover; to make certain 弄清，确定，查明
• The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. 警方到目前为止尚未查明爆炸原因。
• [+ that] I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news. 确信没有人能听到我们的谈话之后，我才把这个消息告诉了奥托。
• [+ question word] Have you ascertained wh ether she's coming or not? 你问清楚了吗，她来还是不来？
detect, discover, ascertain, find
这组词都有“发现”的意思，其区别是：
detect: 正式用词，强调经过周密观察或研究而有所获得和发现，尤指发现有意隐藏之物。
discover: 普通用词，指发现本来存在，但示被认识的事物、真理或情况。
ascertain: 较正式用词，指有意搜寻与发现。
find: 普通用词，可指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西。强调动作的结果。
vt. 确定；查明；探知
 - confirm, identify, assure oneself

Word: warranty
Front: warranty
[ˈwɒrənti] (托雅宝 9608/6306 -1)
Vocabulary: warranty
(once / 2256 pages)
n
Most cars and toys come with a warranty, a written guarantee that the product will not fail within a certain amount of time. If it does, the manufacturer will repair or replace it for free.
Many people talk about the way appliances break the day after their warranty expires. The word itself is a Middle English variant on the word, guarantee. Both words mean similar things, but warranty is more specific. I can guarantee you that I will pick you up by seven so we can get to the game on time, but I would not issue a warranty about it.
WORD FAMILY
warranty: warranties
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lawsuit alleges product liability, negligence and breaches of warranty, and seeks unspecified damages.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
The body cameras feature nine hours of continuous high-definition recording, 32 GB of storage, Wi-Fi docking bases, cables and a one-year warranty.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Here are some questions and answers about extended warranties:
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 保证，担保; [法]（商品等的）保单; 根据，理由; 授权，批准
分布：保修期(61%)，保单(22%)，根据(17%)
→来自warrant,担保，引申词义保修单。
US ['wɔ:r.ən.i] noun countable
■a written promise from a company to repair or replace a product that develops a fault within a fixed period of time, or to do a piece of work again if it is not satisfactory; a guarantee （商品的）保用单，保用卡
• The warranty covers the car mechanically for a year, with unlimited mileage. 保用单承诺对汽车的机械部件保修一年，不限里程。
n. [贸易] 保证； [法] 担保；授权；（正当）理由
 - assurance, guarantee, certification, commitment, security

Word: auditorium
Front: auditorium
[ˌɔ:dɪˈtɔ:riəm] (研托雅宝 9580/14417 -1)
Vocabulary: auditorium
(once / 2687 pages)
n
Whenever you check out a concert or a play, you sit in an auditorium — that is, the section of a theater or concert hall reserved for the audience. You can try sitting on the stage, but you'll probably be thrown out.
Sometimes auditorium refers to the whole building where performances take place, not just the area for the audience. As the spelling of the word suggests, it's related to the word auditory, meaning "something related to hearing." In fact, auditorium is a Latin term meaning "a place where something is heard," — and of course, as high school and college students know all too well, that can mean lectures as well as concerts or plays.
WORD FAMILY
auditorium: auditoria, auditoriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
NOTES: Seattle CB Richard Sherman did not hold his normal weekly availability in the team’s auditorium, rather speaking briefly to reporters at his locker.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The auditorium on the far side of the resort is filled with 100 or so bleary eyed 20-somethings.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The crew recently used the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium to play itself as the venue for the 1963 Academy Awards ceremony.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 观众席，听众席; 礼堂，会堂
分布：礼堂(85%)，观众席(15%)
礼堂;讲堂(audit+orium场所→听的场所)[audi,audit=hear,表示"听"]
n.观众席,听众席;会堂,礼堂The auditorium is crowded on Sundays.礼堂周日都很拥挤.
US [ˌɑ:.dɪ'tɔ:r.i-] (plural auditoriums or auditoria)
noun countable
■the part of a theatre, or similar building, where the people who are watching and listening sit （剧院等的）听众席，观众席
• No smoking in the auditorium. 观众席中禁止吸烟。
mainly US
■a large public building such as a theatre 剧院；礼堂；音乐厅
n. 礼堂，会堂； [建] 观众席
 - assembly hall, assembly room

Word: juggle
Front: juggle
[ˈdʒʌgl] (研 9584/11109 -1)
Vocabulary: juggle
(once / 1455 pages)
1vn 2vn
To juggle is to toss several items in the air and keep them moving from hand to hand, with at least one of them suspended at any given moment. Most beginners learn to juggle using balls or beanbags, not knives.
A skilled juggler can juggle stuffed animals or oranges, or even knives and flaming torches. It's also possible to figuratively juggle, like when you juggle three jobs at once or juggle your responsibilities as a student, pet owner, and friend. In these examples, you manage several things at the same time. Juggle comes from the Old French jogler, "play tricks or sing songs," from the Latin root ioculari, "to jest."
WORD FAMILY
juggle: juggled, juggler, jugglery, juggles, juggling+/ juggler: jugglers/jugglery: juggleries/juggling: jugglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the course of 13 episodes we watch Christine as she juggles life as a law student with a new career as a high-end escort.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
“It’s a lot to juggle all the time.”
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
They leap, juggle and perform myriad other feats, all while backed by a live band.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 用…玩杂耍，边抛边接; 歪曲，篡改; 欺骗; 失去平衡
vi. 玩杂耍; 耍花招; 欺骗
n. 玩杂耍; 花招，骗局
时态：juggled, juggling, juggles
分布：玩杂耍(44%)，欺骗(27%)，纂改(13%)，同时做(10%)，花招(6%)
→来自拉丁语joculari,玩耍，玩乐，词源同joke,jocular.引申词义玩杂耍同时抛接物体，同时应付等。
verb
ENTERTAIN 娱乐
intransitive or transitive
■to throw several objects up into the air, and then catch and throw them up repeatedly so that one or more stays in the air, usually in order to entertain people （用…）玩杂耍 ；耍把戏
• We all watched in amazement as he juggled with three flaming torches. 他拿三根燃烧的火把耍把戏，我们都看呆了。
['dʒʌg.l] verb
MANAGE 应付
transitive informal
■to succeed in arranging your life so that you have time to involve yourself in two or more different activities or groups of people 尽力同时应付（两种或两种以上不同的活动或人）
• Many parents find it hard to juggle children and a career. 许多父母发现一边照顾孩子一边忙事业很难应付。
['dʒʌg.l] verb
CHANGE 改变
transitive informal
■to change results or information recorded as numbers so that a situation seems to be better that it really is 歪曲，篡改
• It won't matter if we juggle the figures - no one will know. 我们窜改这些数字没关系——没人会知道的。
vi. 玩杂耍；欺骗；歪曲
 - kid, pull a fast one
vt. 歪曲；欺骗
 - colour, sell, fox
n. 玩戏法；欺骗
 - fraud, deception

Word: plainly
Front: plainly
[ˈpleɪnli] (托 9585/6883 -1)
Vocabulary: plainly
(once / 173 pages)
1adv 2adv
To do something plainly means to do it either in a very simple way or in an obvious way. You can dress plainly to hang out with your friends by wearing a t-shirt and jeans.
If you're plainly asking your mom for money, it's clear to her what you're doing. But if you live plainly, it means you do things in a simple, non-luxurious way. You can also speak plainly, which either means "using simple words," or "bluntly." Certain religious groups, including Quakers, Amish, and Mennonites, have long been associated with the words plain and plainly because they live, speak, and dress so simply.
WORD FAMILY
plain: plained, plainer, plainest, plaining, plainly, plainness, plains
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her customers at the plainly named Ties, Shirts and More don’t want skinny ties, skinny suits.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Republicans argued that their proposal was about ensuring electoral fairness, but Democrats said it plainly smelled of a power grab.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Posing for a photographer in the lobby of the Rubin Museum of Art one December afternoon, the actor Josh Radnor was plainly ill at ease.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 明显地，清楚地; 简单地; 朴素地; 平坦地
分布：朴素地(58%)，直截了当地(14%)，明显地(14%)，清晰地(14%)
adverb
CLEARLY 明显地
■clearly or obviously 明显地
• This is plainly wrong. 这显然是错的。
• Every footstep could be plainly heard. 每个脚步声都清晰可辨。
• The men had plainly lied. 很明显，这些人撒了谎。
• Plainly, a great deal of extra time will be needed for the security checks. 显然，安全检查还需要很长时间。
• The incentive to sell more is large - and it plainly works. 给予销量更多者的奖励很丰厚 ——这招显然奏效了。
['pleɪn.li] adverb
WITH NOTHING ADDED 朴素
■simply and without a lot of decoration 朴素地，简朴地
• a plainly furnished room 陈设简单的房间
adv. 明白地；坦率地；平坦地；朴素地
 - simply, directly, straight, explicitly

Word: casket
Front: casket
[ˈkɑ:skɪt] (9601/16392)
Vocabulary: casket
(once / 1526 pages)
nv
A casket is a coffin, or a box in which the body of a dead person is buried. Some funeral traditions include a chance for mourners to see the deceased in the casket before burial.
Most caskets are made of wood — some plain, and others more ornamental. Many caskets are buried in cemeteries, although others are cremated, or burned to ash, depending on religious and personal preferences. You can also use the word casket to mean "small box," particularly a box for jewelry or other precious items, and this is the word's earliest meaning, from the Old French cassette, a diminutive form of case.
WORD FAMILY
casket: casketed, casketing, caskets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Diplomats and officials laid flowers at the open casket alongside an honorary guard.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
President Vladimir Putin arrived at the end of the ceremony, laid flowers at the casket, offered condolences to the ambassador’s widow and left.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
His casket arrives on a 7 p.m. flight.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 首饰盒，匣子，<美>棺材
分布：棺材(78%)，骨灰盒(10%)，首饰盒(10%)，把 ... 装进小箱子或棺材里(2%)
→来自cask. -et, 小词后缀。
US ['kæs.kɪt] noun countable
■a small decorative box, especially one used to keep jewellery in （尤指用于放珠宝的）小匣子，小盒子，小箱子
US for * coffin
n. 棺材；骨灰盒；小箱
 - coffin, bier

Word: deflect
Front: deflect
[dɪˈflekt] (六托雅宝 9591/9485 -1)
Vocabulary: deflect
(once / 1708 pages)
v
The verb deflect describes blocking something or changing its course. Hockey goalies deflect the flying puck with their sticks or blockers, making it travel in a different direction, preferably to a teammate's stick.
In a cartoon, a mouse might ask an approaching cat, "Hey, what's that up in the sky?" When the cat looks up, the mouse runs away, successful in his attempt to deflect the cat's attention. When you deflect, you throw someone or something off course, often by using a distraction. Another way to deflect something — such as criticism — is to blame someone else. Eventually the truth, like the cat who quickly sees there's nothing unusual up in the sky, catches up with those who deflect.
WORD FAMILY
deflect: deflected, deflecting, deflection, deflective, deflector, deflects, deflexion+/deflection: deflections/deflective: deflectively/deflector: deflectors/deflexion: deflexions
USAGE EXAMPLES
That year, her first Oscars season, Ms. Bening playfully deflected personal questions about her budding romance and attended the ceremony with her parents.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And a few of them performed some of the more hilarious contortions seen on the campaign trail to deflect attention from the damaging revelations.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Crucially this time, however, his fingertips proved the difference between Romelu Lukaku’s deflected drive hitting the crossbar and flying beneath it.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使歪斜; 使弯曲; 偏转，偏离
时态：deflected, deflecting, deflects
分布：转向(49%)，使偏斜(43%)，改变原计划(8%)
→de-, 向下。-flect, 弯曲，词源同flexible, inflect.
偏斜,打歪(de偏离+flect→偏离弯曲→偏斜)[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
【记】flect弯曲－弯到一边－偏离
【参】reflection（n 反射；沉思）；flexible（adj 灵活的）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) change direction （使）转向，（使）偏斜
• The crowd cheered as the goalkeeper deflected the shot. 当守门员把球挡出去的时候人们欢呼了起来。
• He deflected the ball away from the goal. 他把球挡出了球门。
• The Prime Minister deflected mounting criticism today by announcing tax cuts. 今天首相宣布减税，从而平息了越来越多的批评声音。
• The ball deflected off my hockey stick, straight into the goal. 球打在我的球棍上直接弹进了球门。
vt. 使转向；使偏斜；使弯曲
 - wind, curve
vi. 转向；偏斜
 - swing, turn towards

Word: defiance
Front: defiance
[dɪˈfaɪəns] (雅宝 9592/9879 -2)
Vocabulary: defiance
(once / 458 pages)
n
Stand up when the powers that be order you to sit down, and you've given a fine example of defiance. It happens when someone or a group of someones openly flouts or challenges authority.
We owe this lovely descriptive term to the French — specifically to the Old French word defier, which means to defy. (Don't mix it up with deify; that means to make someone or something into a god.) If you've ever studied Latin, you'll spot the fi from fidare "to trust" that inspired the Marines' "semper fi" motto and the popular moniker for pooches––"Fido." Combining fi with de- negates it. So an act of defiance is essentially an act of not trusting.
WORD FAMILY
defiance: defiances+/ defiant: defiance, defiantly / defy: defiant, defied, defies, defying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some death penalty opponents hope that Mr. Roof’s defiance will prompt the appellate courts to adopt a more rigorous standard for capital defendants.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When I’m asked for my favourite inspirational scene, I nominate Tom Courtenay’s final, miserable act of defiance in The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
And although it’s overseen by the Kremlin, it’s also a tacit symbol of defiance to President Vladimir Putin’s authoritarian rule.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 蔑视; 挑战; 反抗
分布：蔑视(57%)，挑衅(22%)，违抗(21%)
→来自defy的名词形式。
【记】defy（vt 公然反抗；藐视；挑衅）
【参】defiant（adj 挑战的；挑衅的；目中无人的）
【反】veneration（n 尊敬；崇拜）
noun uncountable
■when you refuse to obey someone or something 对抗；对立；违抗
• The demonstration is a pointless act/gesture of defiance against the government. 透过示威来对抗政府是一种毫无意义的行为／姿态。
• In defiance of the ceasefire, rebel troops are again firing on the capital. 叛军违反停火协定再次向首都开火。
n. 蔑视；挑战；反抗
 - resistance, challenge, dare

Word: poisoning
Front: poisoning
[ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ] (9582/10012)
Back: n. 中毒，毒害，投毒
v. 毒死( poison的现在分词 ); 污染; 放毒于; 对…有不良影响
分布：中毒(100%)
noun uncountable
■an illness caused by eating, drinking or breathing a dangerous substance 中毒
• alcohol/lead poisoning 酒精／铅中毒
n. [矿业] [核] [化工] 中毒
 - toxicosis, intoxication

Word: starvation
Front: starvation
[stɑ:ˈveɪʃn] (高四托 9590/8598 -2)
Back: n. 挨饿; 饥饿; 饿死; 绝食
分布：饥饿(75%)，饿死(25%)
→来自 starve,使挨饿，饥饿，-ation,名词后缀。
饥饿(starve使饿死)[-ation表名词"行为,过程,结果"]
US [stɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the state of having no food for a long period, often causing death （常造成死亡的）饥饿，挨饿
• Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched. 若不启动大型紧急援助专案计划，两千万人将有饿死的危险。
• The animals had died of starvation. 这些动物饿死了。
• figurative They pay starvation wages (= not enough money to live on). 他们付的工钱极少，不够维持基本生活。
hunger, famine, starvation
这组词都有“饥饿”的意思，其区别是：
hunger: 普通用词，指人体对于食物迫切需要的正常生理现象。
famine: 指因天灾人祸而引起大规模饥荒；用作引申，指严重缺乏某种物资或人力。
starvation: 语气比hunger强得多。指因长期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，甚至死亡，侧重人为的灾难所致。
n. 饿死；挨饿；绝食
 - fast, apastia

Word: plentiful
Front: plentiful
[ˈplentɪfl] (研四六托 9587/9657 -1)
Vocabulary: plentiful
(once / 661 pages)
adj
If something is plentiful, there is a lot of it. Also, plentiful things yield large amounts of something, like an abundant farm. Apples are plentiful in a plentiful year on an apple farm.
Plentiful is an adjective to describe “many” or “a lot.” It’s plenty for “very much” and -ful for “full of” so plentiful is full of very much! It’s a word for “large amounts.” If you have plenty of potato chips, you have a plentiful supply of chips. Also, something that has or produces great amounts can be called plentiful. A tree that spawns many apples is plentiful.
WORD FAMILY
plentiful: plentifuler, plentifully, plentifulness+/ plenteous: plenteously, plenteousness/ plenty: plenteous, plenties, plentiful
USAGE EXAMPLES
Players were plentiful enough in the ranks for the battalion to enter five teams in amateur competition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Once their work was incorporated into the next survey, which found that butterfish were still plentiful, the fishery reopened.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The wellness centre stocks plentiful detox books locked in a cabinet that smells musty.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 丰富的; 富产的; 丰饶的; 充沛
分布：丰富的(78%)，多的(17%)，充裕的(5%)
→来自plenty,大量的，众多的。
a.富裕的,丰富的Tomatoes are plentiful in the summer.夏天西红柿很多.
US [-tˌɪ-] adjective
■If something is plentiful, there is a lot of it available 丰富的，充足的，多的
• Strawberries are plentiful in the summer. 夏天草莓很多。
• I took a plentiful supply of games to keep the children amused. 我准备了够多的游戏供孩子们玩。
abundant, ample, plentiful
这组词都有“充分的、丰富的”的意思，其区别是：
abundant: 着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应。
ample: 指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。
plentiful: 普通用词，指某物的数量多得称心如意，不过剩，但较少用于描写抽象之物。
adj. 丰富的；许多的；丰饶的
 - abundant, numerous, multiple, many, full

Word: caretaker
Front: caretaker
[ˈkeəteɪkə(r)] (9583/8671 -1)
Vocabulary: caretaker
(once / 3474 pages)
n
When you work as a caretaker, you look after a house or a piece of property. The caretaker of a grand old estate might live in a small cottage on its grounds.
A caretaker might make small repairs to a house, weed a property's flower gardens, or mow the lawn. Some caretakers live in the house they care for, often during an off season when its main inhabitants don't stay there. You can also use the word to mean "caregiver," a person who takes care of someone who's elderly or ill, or to refer to someone who looks after animals.
WORD FAMILY
caretaker: caretakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He started working in Witschi’s laboratory, first as an animal caretaker and then as a lab technician, before enrolling in medical school in 1955.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The estate is often nearly empty, according to law enforcement officials, inhabited year-round by just a few Russian caretakers.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
With noninvasive options exhausted and the wound still refusing to heal, the caretakers chose exploratory surgery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 看门人; 看管着; 守护者
adj. 暂时代理的，临时的
分布：看门人(58%)，看管人(23%)，临时代理的(19%)
US ['kerˌteɪ.kɚ] noun countable
BUILDING WORKER 大楼工作人员 UK (US and Scottish English janitor) (US also custodian)
■a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleaning, repairs, etc. （大楼的）管理员，看门人
UK ['keəˌteɪ.kər] US ['kerˌteɪ.kɚ] noun countable
GIVES CARE 予以照顾 US for carer
n. 看管者；看门人；守护者
 - gatekeeper, doorman

Word: microscopic
Front: microscopic
[ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk] (六托宝 9581/12134 -1)
Vocabulary: microscopic
(once / 2795 pages)
adj
Skin cells, bacteria, and some kinds of algae are all microscopic, or too small to see without a microscope.
Use the adjective microscopic to describe things that are so tiny you can't see them. The word is a scientific term if you literally mean "can be seen with a microscope," although people use it sometimes to mean "really small," as in the phrase "Wow, your feet are microscopic." Mikros means "small" in Greek, and the scope part of the word comes from the Greek word skopein, "to examine."
WORD FAMILY
microscopy: microscopic, microscopical, microscopist+/microscopical: microscopically/microscopist: microscopists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bush warned his son in 1988 that they would face a lot of “microscopic probing.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
During his 1988 campaign, George Bush was sensitive to the “microscopic probing” his children were facing, particularly as the election drew near.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
To document some of these wonders, photographers roamed the world, revealing objects from the microscopic to the cosmic in scale.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 显微镜的; 用显微镜可看见的; 微小的; 细微的
分布：微观的(42%)，显微镜的(30%)，极小的(28%)
【反】elephantine（adj 象的；巨大的）
US [-'skɑ:.pɪk] adjective informal humorous
■extremely small 极小的，微小的
• The helpings you get in the office canteen are microscopic! 公司餐厅供应的饭菜就那么一点点！
UK [ˌmaɪ.krə'skɒp.ɪk] US [-'skɑ:.pɪk] adjective specialized
■very small and only able to be seen with a microscope 极小的；需要用显微镜才可看见的
• microscopic algae 只有在显微镜下才看得见的藻类

Word: defining
Front: defining
[dɪ'faɪnɪŋ] (9589/20354)
Vocabulary: defining
(once / 2276 pages)
n
Something defining is essential to what something is. A defining moment in your life helps makes you what you are.
In the dictionary, definitions tell you what words mean, and the similar word defining has to do with what things are too. The defining characteristic of a chair is that you sit on it. The defining feature of food is you can eat it. People have defining features too: if you went to a summer camp and had an amazing time, it could be a defining time in your life. Defining things helps shape and mold us.
WORD FAMILY
defining: definings+/ definable: definably, indefinable, undefinable/ define: definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, redefine /defined: definedly, ill-defined, undefined / definition: definitions/indefinable: indefinably/ redefine: redefined, redefines, redefining, redefinition/redefinition: redefinitions/undefinable: undefinably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beyond defining its scope, there are competing ideas about what a convention should tackle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Achilles’ defining attribute—it’s the first word of the Iliad—is mēnin, usually translated as “wrath” or “rage.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
After graduating from medical school in 1959, Opitz ended up at the University of Wisconsin and began his work defining and documenting genetic syndromes.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 规定( define的现在分词 ); 使明确; 精确地解释; 画出…的线条
分布：定义性的(44%)，限定的(28%)，动词define的现在分词.(28%)
VERB
阐明;规定;限定;使明确
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.
例：We were unable to define what exactly was wrong with him...我们说不清楚他到底哪里不对劲。
例：He was asked to define his concept of cool.他被要求说明自己关于“酷”的定义。
VERB
给…下定义;解释
If you define a word or expression, you explain its meaning, for example in a dictionary.
例：When people are asked 'What is intelligence?' they tend to reply: 'I don't know how to define it, but I can certainly recognize it when I see it.'...当被问及“智力是什么”的时候，人们往往会回答说：“我不知道该如何定义它，但我见到了肯定就能认得出。”
例：Collins English Dictionary defines a workaholic as 'a person obsessively addicted to work'.《柯林斯英语词典》给“工作狂”一词下的定义是“一个过分沉溺于工作中的人”。

Word: mower
Front: mower
[ˈməʊə(r)] (9579/15678 -1)
Back: n. 割草机; 割草的人
分布：割草机(97%)，割草人(3%)
→来自mow,割草。
US ['moʊ.ɚ] noun countable
■a machine for cutting especially grass 割草机；收割机
⇒ See also lawnmower
n. [农机] 割草机；割草的人
 - mowing machine

Word: lofty
Front: lofty
[ˈlɒfti] (研六托雅宝 9596/11649 -1)
Vocabulary: lofty
(once / 194 pages)
adj
Lofty is a good word for describing something that's high above the ground, or someone who acts like she's high above everyone else.
Dating from the 15th century, lofty originally meant "exalted," or spiritually high, but soon came to mean physically high as well. A towering mountain can be called "lofty." So can someone who walks around with her nose in the air and speaks in a fake English accent. Even if she's only five-foot-two.
WORD FAMILY
lofty: loftier, loftiest, loftily, loftiness+/loftiness: loftinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lacking the genius necessary to reach the lofty heights of sublimity, they unintentionally followed “the gentle down-hill way to the Bathos.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
If you think he won’t live up to his lofty draft status, you will say he is en route to continued mediocrity.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Would a lofty designation like World Heritage Site, granted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, boost tourism?
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 高耸的，巍峨的; 高尚的; 傲慢的
级别：loftier, loftiest
分布：高的(46%)，崇高的(33%)，高尚的(17%)，傲慢的(4%)
→来自loft,高空，阁楼，引申词义高耸的，崇高的。
极高的;崇高的[loft=sky(天空)]
a.崇高的,高尚的;高傲的;极高的He is a man of lofty ideals.他是一个有崇高理想的人.
US ['lɑ:f-] adjective
POSITION 位置 formal
■high 高的
• a lofty ceiling/mountain/wall 高顶／山／墙
UK ['lɒf.ti] US ['lɑ:f-] adjective
IDEAS 想法 formal
■Lofty ideas etc. are of a high moral standard 崇高的，高尚的
• lofty sentiments/ideals 崇高的情操／理想
■disapproving
■If you have a lofty way of behaving or talking etc., you act as if you think you are better than other people 高傲的，自大的
• a lofty attitude/air/tone 高傲的态度／神情／语气
lofty, high, tall
这组词都有“高的”的意思，其区别是：
lofty: 书面用词，指外观宏伟壮丽的高耸物；用于指思想或目的时，表示崇高。贬义指 态高傲。
high: 普通用词，指本身高出地面之上，与low相对，不用于人。也可指程度、地位、声音等的高，还可作引申用。
tall: 仅指人或物的高度，指物的“高”时，可与high换用。
adj. 高的；崇高的；高级的；高傲的
 - high, tall, senior, advanced, superior

Word: rusty
Front: rusty
[ˈrʌsti] (四六托 9614/9674 -1)
Vocabulary: rusty
(once / 836 pages)
adj
If your German is rusty, it's like the bike you left out in the rain too many times that turned brown and flakey on the metal parts. Like your bike, your German skills became rusty, meaning they're suffering from neglect.
You can also describe yourself as rusty: you used to do flips on your skateboard, but you haven't practiced in a while and now you're a little rusty. Rusty can also refer to the color of rust, which is a reddish-brown — a rusty-colored dog, for instance. Anything made of iron or steel that you leave outside in the elements is likely to oxidize and become rusty, covered with rust.
WORD FAMILY
rusty: rustier, rustiest, rustily, rustiness+/ rust: rust-colored, rusted, ruster, rusting, rustless, rustly, rusts, rusty
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dak Prescott isn't a wheelbarrow full of rusty plumbing supplies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The early signs were far from positive for the defending champion, who looked very rusty as world No63 won the opening four games.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The next year, they encouraged friends Rusty Wilson and Denise Simone to relocate their theater company to Idaho to perform on the Liberty’s thrust stage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 生锈的，腐蚀的; 铁锈色的，锈色的; 变钝的; 褪了色的
级别：rustier, rustiest
分布：生锈的(80%)，锈色的(11%)，荒废的(9%)
adjective
METAL 金属
 ADVANCED
■covered with rust (= metal decay) 生锈的
• a rusty car/nail 生锈的汽车／钉子
['rʌs.ti] adjective
NEED PRACTICE 需要练习
■If a skill you had is rusty, it is not now good because you have forgotten it （技术）荒疏的，荒废的，生疏的
• My Italian is a bit rusty these days. 我的义大利语现在有点荒疏了。
adj. [材] 生锈的，腐蚀的；铁锈色的，锈色的；迟钝的
 - slow, dull

Word: staggering
Front: staggering
[ˈstægərɪŋ] (研托 9598/9958 -2)
Vocabulary: staggering
(once / 1060 pages)
adj
A staggering amount is an astonishing, astounding, stupefying amount. Anything staggering blows your mind.
If you know that stagger means to stumble around uncertainly, then you're close to the meaning of staggering: this is a word for things that are so hard to believe you might fall down when you hear them. If the President gets shot, that's staggering news. If there's a major earthquake, that's staggering. Alien life contacting the Earth would be extremely staggering. Anything that knocks your socks off or makes your mind reel is staggering.
WORD FAMILY
staggering: staggeringly+/ stagger: staggered, staggerer, staggering, staggers/staggerer: staggerers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harden and Westbrook are among the leading contenders, and the numbers for both players are staggering.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The disability charity Scope said it was a "staggering" number.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Two months later, according to Weather Service figures, February produced a total of 32.1 inches, a staggering figure.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以置信的，令人震惊的; 蹒跚的; 犹豫的
adv. 难以置信地，令人震惊地
v. 蹒跚(stagger的现在分词); 使…感到震惊[担心]; 错开
分布：惊人的(94%)，摇晃的(3%)，动词stagger的现在分词.(3%)
→stagger,震惊，-ing,形容词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■very shocking and surprising 惊人的，令人震惊的
• It costs a staggering $50 000 per week to keep the museum open to the public. 维持博物馆对外开放所需的支出每周竟高达五万美元。
adj. 蹒跚的；另人惊愕的；犹豫的
 - doddery, hitchy
v. 蹒跚（stagger的ing形式）
 - tottering

Word: incarnation
Front: incarnation
[ˌɪnkɑ:ˈneɪʃn] (9578/11967 -1)
Vocabulary: incarnation
(once / 2295 pages)
n
Incarnation is the embodiment of a god on earth. Or — when it comes to reincarnation: if you are a garbage collector in this life, you might get to be royalty in your next incarnation.
Incarnation comes from the Latin incarnatus, which means “to make flesh.” The word incarnation came to life in religious contexts and is used when talking about gods and deities that take on human or animal forms. More generally, the word can be used to refer to anything or anyone taking on a "new life" — the new season of a sitcom could promise a new incarnation for one of its characters, or a former fashion trend could come back as a new incarnation.
WORD FAMILY
incarnation: incarnations+/disincarnate: disincarnated/ incarnate: disincarnate, incarnated, incarnates, incarnating, incarnation, reincarnate/reincarnate: reincarnated, reincarnates, reincarnating, reincarnation / reincarnation: reincarnationism, reincarnations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “Emerald City” incarnation of Glinda stresses that they were all trying to create “real magic” on set.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For me to accept the truth of God and his incarnation in Jesus Christ was to defy the culture of the age.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The little incarnation where you get to create together.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 化身; 前身; 典型体现
分布：化身(96%)，赋与肉体(2%)，具人形(2%)
→来自incarnate,肉体化，具体化。其原义为化身为凡人耶稣的上帝，后词义通用化。
US [-kɑ:r-] noun
countable
■a particular life, in religions that believe that we have many lives （宗教观念中人的）化身
• He believes that he was a Roman warrior in a previous incarnation. 他认为自己前世是一名罗马勇士。
Compare reincarnation
countable
■a particular physical form or condition of something or someone that is changing or developing 特殊表现，特殊状态
• This film is the latest incarnation of a fairy tale that dates back to the Middle Ages. 这部影片是对中世纪一个神话故事的最新演绎。
the incarnation of sth
■an extreme example, in human form, of a particular characteristic or type of behaviour （特定特征或行为类型的）化身
• He was the incarnation of evil (= was extremely evil). 他是邪恶的化身。
• She's the incarnation of everything I hate about politics. 她是我所痛恨的一切丑陋的政治事物的化身。
uncountable
■the appearance of a god as a human 道成肉身（神以人的形式出现）
n. 化身；道成肉身；典型
 - picture, model, representative, pink, embodiment

Word: limousine
Front: limousine
[ˈlɪməzi:n] (宝 9586/15092 -1)
Vocabulary: limousine
(once / 2787 pages)
n
A limousine is a fancy car that's driven by a special driver. Some high school kids hire limousines to take them and their friends to the prom.
Some limousines are unusually long, stretched-out versions of regular sedans, while others are merely large and luxurious. The passengers in a limousine sit in the back, sometimes separated from the driver, or chauffeur, by a partition. Wealthy people might own their limousines, but most people rent them for special occasions like weddings. In the US, the word is also used to mean a more ordinary type of hired car: "I'll just take a limousine to the airport."
WORD FAMILY
limousine: limousines
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an interview, Mr. Freeman said he shared a limousine to La Guardia Airport after the conference with Mr. Cohen.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Utilities and Transportation Commission also ordered Executive Limousine to cease operations.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
At the unveiling, Trump called the car “the ultimate limousine to be found anywhere in the world.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 豪华轿车; 大型豪华轿车; 接送旅客的交通车
分布：豪华轿车(100%)
→来自法国中部地名Limousin,第一辆limousine轿车产自1902年，因其早期的车厢形式酷似Limousin人带的斗篷而得名。也有一种说法是早期的limousine轿车因其司机位是敞篷的，司机带一个类似Limousin斗篷防雨而得名。比较coach,landau.
【记】li＝like，mous＝mouse耗子，ine－象耗子一样的豪华轿车
[ˌlɪm.ə'zi:n] (informal limo)
noun countable
■a large expensive car, often driven by a chauffeur (= a person employed to drive a car for someone else) （通常有专职司机的）大型豪华轿车
US
■a small bus to take people to and from an airport （往返机场接客的）中型客车；机场班车

Word: amplify
Front: amplify
[ˈæmplɪfaɪ] (研四六托雅宝 9595/9902 -1)
Vocabulary: amplify
(once / 2080 pages)
v
The verb amplify means to crank up the volume. Speakers amplify, or raise, the volume of the noise coming through a microphone so that everyone at the rock show can hear.
Amplify comes from the Old French word amplifier meaning "to enlarge or expand." It refers to making a sound “expand,” but it can also crank up something like a disagreement — if you spread rumors, you might amplify an argument. It can “enlarge” an idea — if you don't realize how bad your health is, your doctor might amplify your test results by explaining them to you in simple, and possibly frightening terms.
WORD FAMILY
amplify: amplification, amplified, amplifier, amplifies, amplifying+/amplification: amplifications/ amplifier: amplifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now that trend is amplified by other developments, including a reassessment of the whole issue brought on by the Selig vote in particular.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That daily problem is about to be amplified.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The music would add something — add some dialogue, add a level of understanding or suggestion or provocativeness — rather than amplify what was already there.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 放大，扩大; 增强; 详述
vi. 详述; 引申; 发挥
时态：amplified, amplifying, amplifies
分布：扩大(50%)，增强(38%)，详述(12%)
放大,扩大(ampl+ify表动词→扩大)[ampl=large,表示"大"]
vt.放大,增强;详述,详加解说According to the pamphlet, the current in the amplifier can be amplified to 3 amperes.根据小册子,在放大器里的电流可以被放大到3安培.
【记】ampl大，ify表动作－放大
【参】amplified（adj 扩大的，充实的）；amplifier（n 放大器）
【反】mute（vt 减弱…的声音）；abridge（v 删节，精简）
verb transitive
■to make something louder 扩大，放大（声音）
• amplified music/guitar 经过放大的音乐／带有扩音设备的电吉他
■formal
■to increase the size or effect of something 扩大；增强
• A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives. 葬礼可以渲染生者痛失亲人的哀悼之情。
enlarge, magnify, increase, expand, multiply, augment, amplify
这组词都有“增加，增大”的意思，其区别是：
enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大；也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。
increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。
expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加。
augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。
enlarge, stretch, expand, reinforce, magnify, amplify
enlarge: v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。
 • enlarge photograph   放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch: v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。
 • The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.   这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
 • Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.   完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
expand: v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。
 • The balloon expanded, then exploded.   气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。
reinforce: v.增援，加固。
magnify: v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
 • His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.   他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。
amplify: v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。
 • We must ask you to amplify your statement.   我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vt. 放大，扩大；增强；详述
 - extend, zoom up
vi. 详述
 - expand on, enlarge on

Word: horrify
Front: horrify
[ˈhɒrɪfaɪ] (9604/14959 -2)
Vocabulary: horrify
(once / 962 pages)
v
To horrify is to cause someone to feel shocked and disturbed. It may horrify your parents if you announce that you're dropping out of school to become a professional clown.
Things that horrify you fill you with terror, shock, or disgust. It would horrify you to run into a vampire on a dark city streets, and it would also horrify you to be served raw hamburger for lunch. The emotion that arises when something horrifies you is horror, a word that's the same in Latin, with the literal meaning "a shaking, a trembling, or a shudder."
WORD FAMILY
horrify: horrified, horrifies, horrifying +/horrified: horrifiedly/ horrifying: horrifyingly/ horror: horrify, horrors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Horrified by the idea that women should concern themselves with such base matters, the hapless agony uncle skedaddled.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The security lapse left Mrs Thatcher "utterly horrified".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet the idea of “people swanning in paying $30,000 just to knock off a few crocs” was equally horrifying to locals, Leu says.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使震惊，使感到恐怖
时态：horrified, horrifying, horrifies
分布：使恐惧(50%)，使反感(25%)，使惊骇(25%)
→来自拉丁语horrere,恐惧，颤抖，词源同horror,-fy,使。即使恐惧，恐吓，惊吓。
使恐怖(horr+ify→使人害怕)[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
US ['hɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to shock someone very much 使极为震惊
• This news will horrify my parents. 这个消息会令我的父母很震惊。

Word: meager
Front: meager
['mi:gə] (托宝 9607/-)
Vocabulary: meager
(once / 2624 pages)
adj
Meager means small and often applies to portions. Your mother may only allow you a meager serving of chocolate cake, and you may need to eat a meager serving of veggies in order to deserve that dessert.
Meager doesn't mean adequate — it means not enough. People with a limited supply of food may try to subsist on meager portions. People who make a meager amount of money probably have a hard time making rent. Meager and emaciated both derive from the Old French maigre. If you can remember that you will look emaciated if your diet is meager, you’ll use the word correctly.
WORD FAMILY
meager: meagerest, meagerly, meagerness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, the hospital depends largely on meager fees from patients and assistance from international aid agencies.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But that’s the interior; from outside, Paterson’s pallid brown home looks rather meager and suburban.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps this is the wisdom of grandparents, who lived in areas where wine was consumed daily but the selection was meager and decreed by custom.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 瘦的; 粗劣的; 不足的; 贫乏的
分布：贫乏的(63%)，瘦的(25%)，不足的(12%)
adj. 贫乏的；瘦的
 - poor, thin, spare, lean

Word: pollen
Front: pollen
[ˈpɒlən] (托宝 9612/12676 -1)
Vocabulary: pollen
(once / 1393 pages)
n
Pollen is the grainy stuff inside a flowering plant that makes it possible for the plant to reproduce. Insects, birds, people, and the wind help to spread pollen between plants.
When pollen spreads to the female part of a plant, it germinates, or begins the process of growing a new plant. When pollen spreads like this, it's called pollination, and it's how plants reproduce. Pollen is great for plants but not so great if you have hay fever, an allergy to pollen. The first meaning of pollen was "fine flour," which is what pollen looks like.
WORD FAMILY
pollen: pollens, pollinate +/ pollinate: pollinated, pollinates, pollinating, pollination, pollinator/pollinated: self-pollinated/pollinating: self-pollinating/ pollination: pollinations, self-pollination/pollinator: pollinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in still another, a king’s daughter is said to be “as blond as lily pollen and the slightly gilded silver of ancient altar vases.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A sausage pie sported traces of fennel pollen and dollops of ricotta among the crumbled meat and melting pools of mozzarella.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Grass pollen is usually too large to enter the small airways of the lungs, Mr. Newbigin said.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 花粉; [虫]粉面
vt. 传授花粉给; 用花粉掩盖
分布：花粉(99%)，授粉给(1%)
→来自拉丁语pollen,谷物粉，面粉，来自pel,面粉，粉末，粉尘，词源同polenta,powder.后引申词义花粉。
US ['pɑ:.lən] noun uncountable
■a powder produced by the male part of a flower, which is carried by insects or the wind and causes the female part of the same type of flower to produce seeds 花粉

Word: grunt
Front: grunt
[grʌnt] (六 9626/9288 -1)
Vocabulary: grunt
(once / 598 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
If your younger brother is particularly grouchy, he might simply grunt in answer to your question about whose turn it is to take out the garbage. A grunt is a short, deep sound.
If you think about the noise a pig makes, you'll have a good idea of what a grunt sounds like. It's an animal-like sound that people make when they're inarticulate, angry, sullen, or lazy — or sometimes if they're hurt or afraid. Pigs and other animals grunt too, no matter what their moods may be. The Old English root word, grunnettan, most likely came from the sound of a grunt.
WORD FAMILY
grunt: grunted, grunter, grunting, grunts+/grunter: grunters
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A grunt and a gruff acceptance usually followed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She practically shouts and grunts the opening number.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 作呼噜声; （指人）发出类似的哼声
vt. 咕哝着说; 发哼声，咕哝
n. （猪等的）呼噜声; 咕哝，牢骚
时态：grunted, grunting, grunts
分布：咕哝(72%)，呼噜声(28%)
→拟声词，模仿猪哼哼的声音。
verb intransitive
■(of a pig) to make a low rough noise （猪）发出呼噜声
• The pigs were grunting contentedly as they ate their food. 猪边吃边发出满意的哼哼声。
■(of a person) to make a short low sound instead of speaking, usually because of anger or pain （人通常因为愤怒或疼痛而）发出哼声，嘟囔着说，咕哝
• He hauled himself over the wall, grunting with the effort. 他费力地翻过墙，累得直哼哼。
• [+ speech] "Too tired, " he grunted and sat down. “累死了。”他呻吟着坐下来。
n. 咕哝；呼噜声
 - oink
vi. 作呼噜声；发哼声
 - harrumph

Word: fume
Front: fume
[fju:m] (研托雅宝 9606/7590 -1)
Vocabulary: fume
(once / 832 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
To fume is to feel or express great anger. You would fume if your teacher accused you of cheating when you didn't.
As a verb, fume is usually used figuratively to mean "to feel very angry," whereas as a noun, it is used more as its Latin root fumus "smoke, steam, vapor." A strong-smelling gas, smoke or vapor is also called a fume. In cartoons, when a character is fuming, it is often drawn with fumes coming out of its ears. You may fume about the inconsiderate person who sits in the car with the engine running, spewing clouds of exhaust fumes.
WORD FAMILY
fume: fumed, fumes, fumigate, fuming+/ fumigate: fumigated, fumigates, fumigating, fumigation, fumigator/fumigation: fumigations/fumigator: fumigators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Listening from another room in the team’s football building, players fumed.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
They also said their supervisors would often wait outside while bleach fumes filled the room.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Down echoing hallways are labs packed with fume hoods and high-tech machines sprouting tubes and wires.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 烟气，烟雾; 愤怒，烦恼
vi. 冒烟; 发怒
vt. 用烟熏; 烘制（木材等）
时态：fumed, fuming, fumes
分布：烟(76%)，冒烟(11%)，愤怒(7%)，汽(6%)
→来自拉丁语fumus, 烟，蒸气，dheu, 烟，雾，尘，词源同dust, dusk, thyme.
冒烟;发怒[fum=smoke,表示"烟"]
n.(浓烈或难闻的)烟,气,汽He is really fuming this time.这一次他气得七窍生烟.
verb intransitive
■to be very angry, sometimes without expressing it 发怒；生闷气
• I saw her a week after they'd had the argument and she was still fuming. 他们吵架一周后我见到了她，她还在生气。
• The whole episode left me fuming at the injustice of it all. 整个事件毫无正义可言，我感到非常愤怒。
vi. 冒烟；发怒
 - smoke, anger
n. 烟；愤怒，烦恼
 - smoke, anger, worry, trouble, wrath

Word: shear
Front: shear
[ʃɪə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 9594/10041 -1)
Vocabulary: shear
(once / 1337 pages)
1vn 2vn
A shear is a cutting implement that looks like a long pair of scissors. Also like scissors, this form of the noun is usually plural. You can cut metal, prune a tree, or cut up a chicken with shears.
In farming, when you remove wool from a sheep, goat, or even a llama, you shear the animal. Most farmers shear their sheep once a year, but the timing varies from farm to farm. The verb shear also means to cause to break off or come apart with a cutting force. The wind during a storm can blow hard enough to shear the tiles off a roof.
WORD FAMILY
shear: sheared, shearer, shearing, shears+/sheared: unsheared/shearer: shearers/shearing: shearings/shears: shearses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Quion Shears, 19, wants to get a degree at Clark Atlanta University and hopes to become a real estate agent.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
“Shear Madness” A comedy-mystery set in Georgetown, in which the audience helps solve a murder.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Liberals stride into the red-tape jungle with pruning shears, and find themselves entangled in the internal logic of the rules.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 剪羊毛; 切断; 剪切; 剥夺
vi. 剪切; 修剪; 穿越; [力]切变
n. 大剪刀; 剪下的东西; 剪切; [力]切力
时态：sheared, shorn, shearing, shears
分布：剪(88%)，修剪(6%)，剥夺(3%)，剪掉(1%)，大剪刀(1%)，剪下的东西(1%)
→来自古英语 sceran,剪下，切下，来自 Proto-Germanic*sker,剪，切，来自 sker,剪，切， 词源同 share,sharp.引申诸相关词义。
v.剪,修剪After the rehearsal, the weary mechanic repaired the gears with shears and spear.排练完后,疲倦的机修工用剪刀和矛修理了齿轮装置.
【记】sh使，ear－使羊的耳朵边上的毛剪掉－剪羊毛（羊的耳边没毛）
【参】shears（n 大剪刀）
US [ʃɪr] (sheared, sheared or shorn)
verb
CUT 剪切
   transitive
■to cut the wool off a sheep 给（羊）剪（羊毛）
• The farmer taught her how to shear sheep. 那个农夫教了她如何剪羊毛。
transitive
■to cut the hair on a person's head close to the skin, especially without care （尤指草率地）剃光（头发）
• He recalled the humiliation of having his hair shorn and exchanging his clothes for the prison uniform. 他记起了曾被剃光头、被迫换上囚服的耻辱。
be shorn of sth
■to have something taken away from you 被剥夺，被夺去
• The ex-President, although shorn of his official powers, still has influence. 前总统虽然被剥夺了权力，但是仍有影响力。
UK [ʃɪər] US [ʃɪr] (sheared, sheared or shorn)
verb
BREAK 断裂
   intransitive specialized
■If part of something, especially something made of metal, shears, it breaks into two pieces, usually because of a sideways force （尤指金属部件因剪切力）折断，断裂
• The old screws holding the engine casing had sheared (off). 固定引擎外壳的旧螺丝折断了。
vt. 剪；修剪；剥夺
 - crop, clip
vi. 剪； [机] 剪切；修剪
 - trim off, to prune
n. [力] 切变；修剪；大剪刀
 - cutting back, clipper

Word: self-confidence
Front: self-confidence
[self 'kɒnfɪdəns] None
Back: n. 自信; 自信心
分布：自信(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
自信
If you have self-confidence, you behave confidently because you feel sure of your abilities or value.
例：With the end of my love affair, I lost all the self-confidence I once had...恋爱告吹后，我一时间自信全无。
例：Richard's self confidence is growing steadily.理查德变得越来越自信。
n. 自信
 - assertiveness, assuredness

Word: terrestrial
Front: terrestrial
[təˈrestriəl] (托雅宝 9615/12737 -1)
Vocabulary: terrestrial
(once / 1425 pages)
adj
Not straying far from its Latin root terra meaning "earth," terrestrial means "of the earth." If it's terrestrial, you'll find it on earth. If it's extraterrestrial, you'll find it emerging from a UFO.
The adjective terrestrial can also be used to describe something that lives on land (as opposed to living in water, for example). "On their trip to the rain forest, the scientists were charged with cataloging terrestrial animals. Another group was going to be in charge of cataloging the aquatic animals." The adjective can also be used to describe something that is mundane in character. The teenager cried, "My life is boring and full of terrestrial events like going to band practice and to class!"
WORD FAMILY
terrestrial: semiterrestrial, terrestrially
USAGE EXAMPLES
"These aerial flows are an unappreciated aspect of terrestrial ecosystems, equivalent to the oceanic movements of plankton which power the oceanic food chains."
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
It says it also plans to grant licences to private terrestrial ones early next year.
Economist(Dec 09, 2016)
Romer’s gap thus seems to be the time when tetrapods became unequivocally terrestrial.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 陆地的; 地球的; 人间的; <天>类地行星的
n. 地球人，陆地生物
分布：地球的(43%)，陆地的(27%)，陆生的(23%)，地球生物(7%)
→terra-,土地，陆地，-ster,名词后缀。引申词义陆地的，陆栖的。比较 celestial.
地球的,陆地的(terrestr地球+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
adjective
EARTH 地球的 formal
■relating to the planet Earth 地球的；与地球有关的 Compare extraterrestrial
[tə'res.tri.əl] adjective
ANIMALS 动物的 specialized
■(of animals) living on the land rather than in the sea or air （动物）陆生的，陆栖的
[tə'res.tri.əl] adjective
TELEVISION 电视的 formal
■describes television channels which are broadcast from stations on the ground and do not use satellites （电视频道）陆地上的，地面上的（与卫星相对而言）
adj. [天] 地球的； [生物] 陆地的，陆生的；人间的
 - earthly, telluric

Word: might
Front: might
[maɪt] (中高研四雅 175/138 -K1)
Vocabulary: might
(once / 8 pages)
n
Might is physical strength or power. If you try with all your might to climb a difficult rock wall, it means that you try as hard as you can to get to the top.
The noun might means a person's power or strength, like the might it takes to get a stuck lid off a jar of salsa, or the impressive power of a group, like a country's military might. Might is also a verb used to express possibility, like when you might go for a walk if it doesn't rain.
WORD FAMILY
might: mights, mighty +/mightiness: mightinesses/ mighty: mightier, mightiest, mightily, mightiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the long term, though, might the procedure affect their eating and digestion?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Prescription treatments might include a topical anti-inflammatory cream or an oral antibiotic for more-severe inflammation and redness.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It must be bad news, and they think I might fall apart.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: aux. 表示可能; 表示许可; 表示询问情况
n. 力气; 力量; 威力; 权力
v. 可以; 应该
分布：可能(71%)，也许(21%)，威力(4%)，力量(4%)
→来自古英语miht,来自Proto-Germanic*makhti,来自magh,使能够，赋予力量，词源同may,magic.引申词义强大力量，威力。后用于助动词表也许。比较may.
aux.v.可能,也许n.力量,威力,权力Conversely, you might say that it is ridiculous.反过来说,你可以说它很古怪.
modal verb
MAY 可能
 ESSENTIAL past simple of
■the verb may , used especially when reporting what someone has said, thought, asked, etc （may 的过去式）可能，可以
• I brought him some sandwiches because I thought he might be hungry. 我拿了些三明治给他，因为我想他可能饿了。
• Very politely the little boy asked if he might have another piece of cake (= he said "May I have another piece of cake, please?"). 小男孩非常礼貌地问可否再吃一块蛋糕。
[maɪt] modal verb
POSSIBILITY 可能性
 ESSENTIAL
■used to express the possibility that something will happen or be done, or that something is true although not very likely （表示可能性）可能，也许
• I might come and visit you in America next year, if I can save enough money. 如果我存够钱的话，明年我也许会到美国看你。
• Don't go any closer - it might be dangerous/it mightn't be safe. 别再走近了——那可能很危险／不安全。
• Driving so fast, he might have had a nasty accident (= it could have happened but it did not). 他开车开得那么快，早就可能出意外。
• The rain might have stopped by now. 现在雨也许已经停了。
[maɪt] modal verb
PERMISSION 允许
 ADVANCED UK formal
■used as a more polite form of may when asking for permission （用于请求许可，语气较 may 更婉转）可以，能
• Might I ask a question? 我能问个问题吗？
• I wonder if I might have a quick look at your newspaper? 请问我能否看一下你的报纸？
[maɪt] modal verb
SUGGESTION 建议
 ADVANCED
■used to make a suggestion or suggest a possibility in a polite way （用于礼貌地建议）可以，也许
• You might like to try a little more basil in the sauce next time. 下次你可以试着在酱汁里多加点罗勒。
• I thought you might like to join me for dinner. 我想你也许愿意和我一起吃晚餐。
[maɪt] modal verb
SHOULD 应该
■used to suggest, especially angrily, what someone should do to be pleasant, correct, polite, etc （表示婉转的责备）应该
• You might at least try to look like you're enjoying yourself! 你至少应该努力做出很开心的样子！
• "I've asked the boss to dinner tonight." "Well, you might have warned me!" “今晚我要请老板吃饭。”“噢，你总该事先告诉我！”
[maɪt] modal verb
INTRODUCE 引出 (also may)
■used to introduce a statement which is very different from the statement you really want to make, in order to compare the two （用于引出与真正想说的话完全不同的话，以将两者对比）也许
• Leeds might be an excellent team, but today they played appallingly. 里兹队也许是支很棒的球队，但今天他们表现得糟糕极了。
[maɪt] modal verb
I might have known slightly disapproving
■said when you are not surprised at a situation or someone's behaviour, because you expected it 我就知道
• I might have known (that) he'd still be in bed at noon. 我就知道他到中午了还在睡觉。
[maɪt] modal verb
might I ask/inquire/know UK formal
■used in questions to show disapproval by being more polite than is expected （用于问句中，礼貌地表示不赞同）我可以问一下／知道吗
• And what are you doing in there, might I ask? 我可以问一下你在那里做甚么吗？
[maɪt] modal verb
  Common Learner Errors  mightMight is followed by an infinitive verb without 'to'. Don't say 'might does something', say might do something :
✗ This year's group might includes several vegetarians. This year's group might include several vegetarians.
[maɪt] noun uncountable
■power, strength or force 力量；威力；能力
• Pizarro defeated the might of the Inca Empire with only a few hundred men. 皮萨罗以区区几百人就打败了强大的印加帝国。
• She struggled with all her might to get free. 她用尽全力想挣脱出来。
[maɪt] noun uncountable
with might and main old-fashioned literary
■with as much effort as possible 全力以赴，竭尽全力
• They shouted with might and main but nobody came to rescue them. 他们竭尽全力呼喊，却没有人来营救。
might, strength, power, vigour, force, energy
这组词都有“力”的意思，其区别是：
might: 多指巨大或超人的力量。
strength: 指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为force。
power: 最普通用词，泛指一切力量或能力等。
vigour: 指由生命元气的存在所产生的活力、精力。
force: 着重指克服障碍，推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量。
energy: 用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。
n. 力量；威力；势力
 - strength, force, muscle, power, influence
aux. 可能；也许
 - should

Word: seeker
Front: seeker
[ˈsi:kə(r)] (9609/12208)
Back: n. 搜索者，探求者; 搜查人; 自动导引的弹头
分布：探求者(56%)，搜索者(44%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a person who is looking for the thing mentioned …搜索者；…探求者
• asylum seekers 寻求政治庇护者
• job-seekers 求职者
n. 探求者；搜查人
 - quester

Word: snowy
Front: snowy
[ˈsnəʊi] (中高四六 9600/14429 -1)
Back: adj. 下雪的; 被雪覆盖的; 雪白的，洁白无瑕的; 多雪的
级别：snowier, snowiest
分布：下雪的(50%)，多雪的(46%)，被雪所覆盖著的(4%)
→snow,积雪，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['snoʊ-] adjective
■full of or like snow 下雪的；多雪的；似雪的
• We've had a very snowy winter this year. 今年我们过了一个多雪的冬天。
• I remember him as an old man with a snowy- white (= pure white) beard. 在我的记忆中，他是个长着雪白胡子的老头。
adj. 下雪的，多雪的；被雪覆盖的；洁白无瑕的
 - nival

Word: luminous
Front: luminous
[ˈlu:mɪnəs] (六托雅 9593/12144 -1)
Vocabulary: luminous
(once / 721 pages)
adj
Luminous means full of or giving off light. During the winter holidays, with all their emphasis on light, you can see luminous displays of candles everywhere.
This word has several figurative meanings that are related to the basic sense of something shining. For example, luminous prose is clear and easily understood. And a luminous career is bright and inspiring. The Middle English adjective is from Latin luminosus, from lumen "light."
WORD FAMILY
luminous: luminosity, luminously, luminousness, self-luminous+/ luminosity: luminosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tricia McCauley was a luminous actress, a master herbalist, a gardener, a yogi.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Dewdrop, the fleet, luminous leader of the Flowers in “George Balanchine’s The Nutcracker,” is a dream part for Tiler Peck of New York City Ballet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In the German artist Julian Rosefeldt’s latest film installation, snippets of manifestoes by 20th-century aesthetic rebels emanate from 13 large, luminous screens.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 发光的; 明亮的; 清楚的; 辉赫
分布：发光的(63%)，发亮的(18%)，清楚的(14%)，明白易懂的(5%)
→来自拉丁语lumen,光亮，光线，词源同light.
发亮的(lumin+ous)[lumin=light,表示"光"]
发光的,易懂的(lumin亮光,流明[光的单位])[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
adjective
■producing or reflecting bright light (especially in the dark) （尤指在黑暗中）发亮的，放光的；夜光的
• luminous clothing 夜光服
radiant, bright, brilliant, glowing, luminous
这组词都有“明亮的”的意思，其区别是：
radiant: 侧重光线的射击，也可指像太阳或星星一样发光的东西。
bright: 常用词，与昏暗相对应，侧重形容光线的强度，指一切自身发光明亮或反射光的事物。
brilliant: 指非常亮或亮得引人注目，多含闪耀或反光闪烁之意。
glowing: 指稳定光源发出的明亮持久的光，或燃烧最后阶段产生的红光。
luminous: 着重指发出持续稳定的亮光；可指在黑暗中的发光物。
adj. [光] 发光的；明亮的；清楚的
 - distinct, bright, liquid, clear, explicit

Word: guitarist
Front: guitarist
[gɪˈtɑ:rɪst] (9588/6812)
Back: n. 吉他弹奏者
分布：吉他弹奏者(100%)
US [-'tɑ:r.ɪst] noun countable
■a person who plays the guitar 吉他手，吉他演奏者
• a classical/folk/rock guitarist 古典／民间／摇滚音乐吉他演奏者

Word: inauguration
Front: inauguration
[ɪˌnɔ:ɡjə'reɪʃn] (9602/16284)
Vocabulary: inauguration
(once / 1923 pages)
n
An inauguration is a ceremony that formally marks the start of something. You’ve probably seen the inauguration ceremony when a new president takes office.
Inauguration can refer to a formal ceremony, such as one marking the start of a new term in office or the opening of a new wing in a museum, but it can be used more broadly to describe a less formal beginning. Your boss may make you responsible for the inauguration of a new system at work. There probably won’t be a ceremony for that inauguration — in this case, inauguration just indicates that a new practice is being introduced.
WORD FAMILY
inauguration: inaugurations+/ inaugurate: inaugurated, inaugurates, inaugurating, inauguration
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such delays would upend Republican hopes of quickly holding hearings and confirming most of Trump’s top picks on Inauguration Day.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The public swearing-in and inauguration ceremony are scheduled for 11 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 就职; 就职典礼; 开始; 开创
分布：就职典礼(93%)，落成典礼(6%)，开幕仪式(1%)
VERB
为…举行就职典礼;使正式就任
When a new leader is inaugurated, they are formally given their new position at an official ceremony.
例：The new President will be inaugurated on January 20.新总统将于 1 月 20 号举行就职典礼。
VERB
为…举行落成仪式;为…举行成立典礼
When a new building or institution is inaugurated, it is declared open in a formal ceremony.
例：A new centre for research on toxic waste was inaugurated today at Imperial College.新建的有毒废物研究中心今天在皇家学院举行落成典礼。
VERB
开创;开展
If you inaugurate a new system or service, you start it.
例：Pan Am inaugurated the first scheduled international flight.泛美航空公司开通了第一条国际定期航班线路。
n. 就职典礼；开始，开创；开幕式
 - threshold, conception, beginning, fresh, start

Word: maritime
Front: maritime
[ˈmærɪtaɪm] (六托雅宝 9625/7994 -1)
Vocabulary: maritime
(once / 611 pages)
adj
Use maritime to describe anything involving the sea and ships. A maritime museum would probably be located in a coastal town, and stuffed full of historic boats, oars, life preservers, and fishing gear.
Maritime comes from the Latin word maritimus, which means "of the sea," so the meaning hasn't evolved much. Whales and dolphins are maritime animals, and according to maritime law, the captain of a ship can marry two people at sea. It's very similar to nautical, except nautical refers to ships, and maritime covers ships and other ocean-related stuff.
WORD FAMILY
maritime: maritimer
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hijackings and attempted hijackings in the Gulf of Aden, a popular shipping route, increased five-fold that year, according to statistics from the International Maritime Bureau.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He said China in 2016 upheld its peaceful development while resolutely defending its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Navy later paid the Maritime Administration just $35 million to buy both ships.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 海的; 海事的; 海运的; 船舶的
分布：海的(51%)，海事的(27%)，海上的(22%)
→来自中古法语maritime,来自拉丁语maritimus,海的，与海相关的，来自mari-,海，词源marine,-tim,最高级后缀，词源同intimate,ultimate.引申词义海事的，海运的等。
海的;海运的(mari[=marin]+tim[来源不明]+e→海的)[Marin=sea,表示"海洋"]
adjective formal
■connected with human activity at sea 海运的；航海的；海事的
• Amalfi and Venice were important maritime powers. 阿马尔菲和威尼斯一度是重要的海事基地。
• Make sure you visit the maritime museum if you're interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring. 如果你对舰船或航海感兴趣，一定要参观一下那家海事博物馆。
■near the sea or coast 近海的，沿海的
• The temperature change in winter is less pronounced in maritime areas. 沿海地区的冬季温度变化不那么明显。
adj. [海洋] 海的；海事的；沿海的；海员的
 - coastal, thalassic

Word: dryer
Front: dryer
['draɪə(r)] (9605/15885 -1)
Back: n. 干燥机; 烘干机; 干燥剂; 干燥工
adj. 更干的( dry的比较级); 干性的; 干咳的; 无趣味的
分布：干衣机(58%)，吹风机(32%)，干燥剂(8%)，=drier.(2%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a machine that dries things 烘干机
• a hair dryer （吹干头发用的）吹风机
• a grain dryer 粮食烘干机
• Put those damp clothes in the (tumble) dryer. 把那些湿衣服放到（滚筒式）烘干机里去。
n. [化工] [服装] 烘干机； [助剂] [涂料] 干燥剂
 - laundry drier, drying agent

Word: foyer
Front: foyer
[ˈfɔɪeɪ] (雅宝 9597/10065 -1)
Vocabulary: foyer
(once / 9220 pages)
n
A foyer is a large entrance, like the foyer of a building that you enter before you reach the elevators. Sometimes a foyer is also called a "lobby."
Foyer originally was a term in French that referred to the room where actors waited when they were not on stage. Today, a foyer is a large entrance to a building or home. The bigger and fancier a mansion, office or apartment building is, the bigger and more ornate the foyer will likely be. After all, the foyer will be the first room that visitors see when entering.
WORD FAMILY
foyer: foyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stepping into the foyer, you turn to the right and see a sitting room featuring yellow stained-glass windows inset with peacock designs and yellow paneling.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A popular choice in lobbies and restaurants, the polished material also suits a home’s foyer, kitchen or bathroom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
As guests enter the foyer, the first thing they’ll notice is a large, live tree dominating the entire room.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 休息室; （戏院或旅馆的）门厅，前厅
分布：门厅(60%)，休息室(40%)
→来自法语。来自拉丁语focus, 壁炉，炉子。引申词义休息室，前厅，门厅等。
【记】读：for爷（爷）－为了让爷爷休息一下－门厅
noun countable
■a large open area just inside the entrance of a public building such as a theatre or a hotel, where people can wait and meet each other （剧院、饭店等公共建筑物入口处内的）门厅
• I'll see you downstairs in the foyer in half an hour. 我们半个小时以后在楼下门厅见。
US (UK hall)
■the room in a house or apartment leading from the front door to other rooms, where things like coats and hats are kept （房子或公寓的）门廊，前厅
n. 门厅，休息室；大厅
 - retiring room, lobby

Word: breaking
Front: breaking
['breɪkɪŋ] (9617/11113)
Back: n. 破坏，阻断
v. 打破，折断，弄坏( break的现在分词 ); （使）破; 打破（纪录）; （常指好天气）突变
分布：动词break的现在分词形式.(34%)，街舞的一种(33%)，语音的分裂(33%)
V-ERG
打破；摔碎
When an object breaks or when you break it, it suddenly separates into two or more pieces, often because it has been hit or dropped.
例：He fell through the window, breaking the glass...他撞破玻璃从窗口摔了下去。
例：The plate broke...盘子打破了。
V-ERG
折断（骨头）；骨折
If you break a part of your body such as your leg, your arm, or your nose, or if a bone breaks, you are injured because a bone cracks or splits.
例：She broke a leg in a skiing accident...她在一次滑雪事故中摔断了一条腿。
例：Old bones break easily...老年人容易骨折。
V-ERG
（使）（表层、盖子或密封）破裂；撕开
If a surface, cover, or seal breaks or if something breaks it, a hole or tear is made in it, so that a substance can pass through.
例：Once you've broken the seal of a bottle there's no way you can put it back together again...一旦你撕开瓶子的密封条，你就无法再把它复原。
例：The bandage must be put on when the blister breaks...水疱一旦破了就必须用绷带包扎起来。
V-ERG
（使）（工具或机器）损坏
When a tool or piece of machinery breaks or when you break it, it is damaged and no longer works.
例：When the clutch broke, the car was locked into second gear...离合器失灵后，汽车只能在二挡行驶。
例：Tenants do not have to worry about leaking roofs and broken washing machines...租房者无需担心屋顶漏水和洗衣机出故障。
VERB
破坏，违反（规则、承诺或协议）
If you break a rule, promise, or agreement, you do something that you should not do according to that rule, promise, or agreement.
例：We didn't know we were breaking the law.我们不知道自己在犯法。
例：The company has consistently denied it had knowingly broken arms embargoes.这家公司一直否认自己是有意违反武器禁运规定。
VERB
挣脱；解脱
If you break free or loose, you free yourself from something or escape from it.
例：She broke free by thrusting her elbow into his chest.她用肘猛击他的胸部，挣脱了出来。
例：...his inability to break free of his marriage.他无法摆脱婚姻的束缚
VERB
结束（困难或不利局面）；打破（僵局）
If someone breaks something, especially a difficult or unpleasant situation that has existed for some time, they end it or change it.
例：The Home Secretary aims to break the vicious circle between disadvantage and crime...内政大臣力图打破贫困和犯罪之间的恶性循环。
例：New proposals have been put forward to break the deadlock among rival factions...旨在结束各竞争派别之间僵持局面的新提案已被提交。
VERB
打破（沉默）
If someone or something breaks a silence, they say something or make a noise after a long period of silence.
例：Hugh broke the silence. 'Is she always late?' he asked...休打破了沉默，问道：“她总是迟到吗？”
例：The unearthly silence was broken by a shrill screaming.一声尖叫打破了这可怕的沉寂。
N-COUNT
（天气的）放晴
If there is a break in the cloud or weather, it changes and there is a short period of sunshine or fine weather.
例：A sudden break in the cloud allowed rescuers to spot Michael Benson.天气的突然放晴帮助救援人员找到了迈克尔·本森。
VERB
（与…）决裂；断绝（联系）；放弃
If you break with a group of people or a traditional way of doing things, or you break your connection with them, you stop being involved with that group or stop doing things in that way.
例：In 1959, Akihito broke with imperial tradition by marrying a commoner...明仁天皇在1959年打破皇室传统，娶了一位平民女子为妻。
例：They were determined to break from precedent...他们决心打破先例。
VERB
（使）摆脱，（使）戒除（习惯）
If you break a habit or if someone breaks you of it, you no longer have that habit.
例：If you continue to smoke, keep trying to break the habit...如果你还在吸烟的话，就尽量戒除这个习惯吧。
例：The professor hoped to break the students of the habit of looking for easy answers.教授希望改掉学生们不动脑筋就想找到答案的习惯。
VERB
瓦解…的决心；使丧失勇气；毁掉…的前程
To break someone means to destroy their determination and courage, their success, or their career.
例：He never let his jailers break him...他决不会让监狱看守们摧毁他的意志。
例：The newspapers and television can make or break you...报纸和电视会使你成功，也会将你毁掉。
VERB
短暂休息；稍停
If someone breaks for a short period of time, they rest or change from what they are doing for a short period.
例：They broke for lunch.他们停下来吃午饭。
N-COUNT
间歇；小憩
A break is a short period of time when you have a rest or a change from what you are doing, especially if you are working or if you are in a boring or unpleasant situation.
例：They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break...他们可以帮忙照料孩子，这样你就可以歇一歇了。
例：I thought a 15 min break from his work would do him good...我想他停下工作休息15分钟对他会有好处。
N-COUNT
短假
A break is a short holiday.
例：They are currently taking a short break in Spain.他们目前正在西班牙休短假。
VERB
（为短暂歇息而）打断（旅程）
If you break your journey somewhere, you stop there for a short time so that you can have a rest.
例：Because of the heat we broke our journey at a small country hotel.由于天气炎热，我们在一家乡村小旅馆停下来稍作歇息。
VERB
减弱（势头）；减轻（力度）
To break the force of something such as a blow or fall means to weaken its effect, for example by getting in the way of it.
例：He sustained serious neck injuries after he broke someone's fall.有人坠落压在他身上，致使他颈部受重伤。
VERB
（消息在报纸、电视或电台）发布，传播
When a piece of news breaks, people hear about it from the newspapers, television, or radio.
例：The news broke that the Prime Minister had resigned...据报道首相已经辞职。
例：He resigned from his post as Bishop when the scandal broke.丑闻传开后他辞去了主教职务。
VERB
（通常以委婉的方式）透露，告知（坏消息）
When you break a piece of bad news to someone, you tell it to them, usually in a kind way.
例：Then Louise broke the news that she was leaving me...然后路易丝挑明了她要离开我。
例：I worried for ages and decided that I had better break it to her.我烦恼了很长时间，后来决定还是把这事告诉她。
N-COUNT
机遇；机会；好运
A break is a lucky opportunity that someone gets to achieve something.
例：He went into TV and got his first break playing opposite Sid James in the series 'Citizen James'.他进入了电视圈，获得的第一个机会是在连续剧《公民詹姆斯》中与锡德·詹姆斯演对手戏。
VERB
打破（纪录）
If you break a record, you beat the previous record for a particular achievement.
例：Carl Lewis has broken the world record in the 100 metres...卡尔·刘易斯已经打破了百米赛跑的世界纪录。
例：Jurassic Park had broken all box office records.《侏罗纪公园》打破了所有票房纪录。
VERB
（天）破晓
When day or dawn breaks, it starts to grow light after the night has ended.
例：They continued the search as dawn broke.天放亮后他们继续搜寻。
VERB
（波浪)减势，落下
When a wave breaks, it passes its highest point and turns downwards, for example when it reaches the shore.
例：Danny listened to the waves breaking against the shore.丹尼聆听着波浪拍岸的声音。
VERB
破解，破译（密码）
If you break a secret code, you work out how to understand it.
例：It was feared they could break the Allies' codes.恐怕他们会破译盟军的密码。
VERB
（因悲伤或害怕嗓音）突变，变调
If someone's voice breaks when they are speaking, it changes its sound, for example because they are sad or afraid.
例：Godfrey's voice broke, and halted.戈弗雷声音都变了，停顿下来。
VERB
（男孩嗓音）变粗
When a boy's voice breaks, it becomes deeper and sounds more like a man's voice.
例：He sings with the strained discomfort of someone whose voice hasn't quite broken.他唱得很拘谨，声音听起来像是某个还没完全变声的男孩。
VERB
（天气）突变；（风暴）骤起
If the weather breaks or a storm breaks, it suddenly becomes rainy or stormy after a period of sunshine.
例：I've been waiting for the weather to break...我一直在等待着暴风雨的到来。
例：She hoped she'd be able to reach the hotel before the storm broke.她希望能够在起风暴前赶到旅馆。
VERB
（网球比赛中）破，赢得（对手的发球局）
In tennis, if you break your opponent's serve, you win a game in which your opponent is serving.
例：He broke McEnroe's serve.他破了麦肯罗的发球局。
PHRASE
破晓时分
The break of day or the break of dawn is the time when it begins to grow light after the night.
例：'I,' he finished poetically, 'will watch over you to the break of day.'“我，”他以富有诗意的语言结尾，“将守候着你，直至晨光初露。”
CONVENTION
别烦我了
You can say 'give me a break' to show that you are annoyed by what someone has said or done.
例：'I'm a real intellectual-type guy, Tracy,' James joked. 'Oh, give me a break,' Tracy moaned.“我可是个货真价实的高智商小伙儿，特雷西。”詹姆斯开玩笑地说道。“哦，别烦我了，”特雷西抱怨道。
PHRASE
逃离；离开
If you make a break or make a break for it, you run to escape from something.
例：The moment had come to make a break or die...那个时候不跑就没命了。
例：Dan made a break for his car only to find the driver's door locked.丹朝他的汽车跑去，却发现驾驶座位置的门被锁住了。
n. 破坏；阻断
 - destruction, blasting, disruption, demolition
v. 破坏（break的ing形式）
 - damaging, spoiling

Word: dent
Front: dent
[dent] (托宝 9610/11467 -1)
Vocabulary: dent
(once / 1603 pages)
nv
A dent is a gouge or hollow that's left in a surface after some kind of blow. If you hit a soup pot with a hammer, it will leave a dent.
Car accidents, whether they're serious or just fender benders, often result in dents. If you fall off your bike, you may get a dent in your helmet, and a mishandled package might be delivered to your door full of dents. There's also a figurative kind of dent, a reduction in amount: "You barely made a dent in that oatmeal — aren't you hungry?" Dent comes from Middle English, originally a variation on dint, "a blow dealt in fighting."
WORD FAMILY
dent: dented, denting, dents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Principal Staci Dent told the district that her conversation with students “centered on leadership, good behavior, and self discipline,” Ryan said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
WADA’s subsequent assertions that 18 of the Bears’ leaked waivers were, in fact, fabricated also dented the hackers’ credibility.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The EU referendum campaign did not restore the badly dented reputation of pollsters in the UK following their grim performance in 2015.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 凹痕，凹部; 齿; 减少，削弱; [名]登特
vt. 使产生凹痕; 削弱; 打击，破坏; 产生不好的影响
vi. 出现凹痕; 产生凹陷; 凹进去; 削减
时态：dented, denting, dents
分布：凹痕(76%)，挫伤(9%)，心理阴影(5%)，形成凹陷(5%)，弄凹(5%)
→来自dint的拼写变体，敲打，拟声词。
凹痕(像牙咬出的印痕)[dent=tooth,表示"牙齿"]
【记】denture（n 一副假牙）；indented（adj 锯齿状的）
【反】convex（adj 凸起的）
noun countable
■a small hollow mark in the surface of something, caused by pressure or by being hit （物体表面上的）坑，凹陷
• a dent in the door of a car 车门上的凹陷
[dent] noun countable
make/put a dent in sth
■to reduce an amount of money 支出，花费
• The holiday made a big dent in our savings. 渡假花去了我们很大一部分的存款。
[dent] verb transitive
■to make a small hollow mark in the surface of something 使产生凹痕，使凹陷
• I dropped a hammer on the floor, and it dented the floorboard. 我一失手，锤子掉到地板上，把地板砸出了凹痕。
■If you dent someone's confidence or pride , you make them feel less confident or proud 打击，损伤（信心或自豪感）
• His confidence was badly dented when he didn't get into the football team. 他未能加入足球队，自信心受到了严重的打击。
n. 凹痕；削弱；减少；齿
 - reduction, loss, decrease
vi. 产生凹陷；凹进去；削减
 - cut down on, cut to the bone
vt. 削弱；使产生凹痕
 - break, to weaken

Word: modernist
Front: modernist
['mɒdənɪst] (9599/10884 -1)
Back: n. 现代主义者，现代派; 现代主义艺术家
分布：现代主义者(43%)，现代主义的(36%)，现代人(21%)
US ['mɑ:.dɚ.nɪst] adjective noun countable specialized
■relating to or a member of the modern art movement 现代主义的（有关现代艺术运动的）；现代主义者（现代艺术运动成员）
• Modernist architecture tries to conquer nature instead of working with it. 现代主义建筑试图征服自然，而不是与自然共处。
• The design of the new library has been acclaimed by Modernists. 新图书馆的设计受到了现代主义者的称赞。

Word: rot
Front: rot
[rɒt] (高研四六托雅 9603/9578 -2)
Vocabulary: rot
(once / 679 pages)
1vn 2n
To rot is to decompose, or break down into smaller parts. When old food at the back of your refrigerator rots, you should throw it away.
Sometimes you can tell when something is beginning to rot because it smells bad. But the process that occurs when things rot is a natural one that you can see all around you as you walk through the woods or along the beach. Living organisms have to rot after they die, to make room for more organisms.
WORD FAMILY
rot: rots, rotted, rotting+/ rotted: rottedest, rottedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Addiction is like termite rot, eating at the foundation of a community.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Rotting food is a problem even as 90 percent of Venezuelans say they can’t afford enough to eat.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It seems to work well even in places with a lot of natural sugar sources, like flowers and rotting fruit.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 腐烂，腐朽
vt. & vi. （使）腐烂，（使）腐朽
时态：rotted, rotting, rots
分布：腐烂(89%)，消瘦(4%)，胡话(3%)，腐蚀(2%)，使 ... 枯朽(1%)，败坏(1%)
→来自古英语 rotian,腐烂，来自 Proto-Germanic*rutona,腐烂，可能进一步来自 red,撕，咬， 词源同 rodent,rat.
v.(使)腐烂,(使)腐败,腐朽The food rotted.食品腐烂了.
US [rɑ:t] verb intransitive or transitive (-tt-)
 ADVANCED
■to (cause to) decay （使）腐败；（使）腐烂；（使）腐朽
• The fruit had been left to rot on the trees. 水果无人采摘，就烂在树上。
• Rain has got in and rotted (away) the woodwork. 雨水漏了进来，使屋中的木建部分都朽烂了。
• the smell of rotting fruit 烂水果的味道
UK [rɒt] US [rɑ:t] verb intransitive or transitive (-tt-)
rot in jail/prison, etc.
■to stay in prison/etc. for a very long time 长期坐牢，饱受牢狱之苦，在监牢中逐渐憔悴
• Ruben Carter was left to rot in jail for most of his life. 鲁宾．卡特的大半生都是在牢狱中度过的。
UK [rɒt] US [rɑ:t] noun uncountable
■decay 腐败；腐烂；腐朽
• Rot has got into the furniture. 家俱开始朽坏。
■old-fashioned informal
■nonsense 废话；愚蠢的话
• "Don't talk rot!" “别说废话！”
UK [rɒt] US [rɑ:t] noun uncountable
the rot sets in informal
■(of a situation) to begin to go wrong （情况）开始恶化，变糟
• The rot set in when his parents divorced and he started taking drugs. 他的父母离婚了，他又开始吸毒，自此后他的生活就开始变得一团糟。
UK [rɒt] US [rɑ:t] noun uncountable
stop the rot
■to take action against something bad, before it spreads and becomes worse 制止事态的恶化
• We must try to stop the rot before the whole school is corrupted. 我们一定要在整个学校都被毁掉之前采取行动。
rot, decompose, decay
这组词都有“烂、腐烂”的意思，其区别是：
rot: 指蔬菜水果或肉类的分解、腐烂。
decompose: 侧重指动物或植物类物体由于内部组织的分解而导致的腐烂过程。
decay: 通常指由良好或完美的状态自然而缓慢地变坏或完全变坏腐烂，或部分地毁坏。
n. [植保] 腐烂；腐败；腐坏
 - corruption, decomposition
vi. [植保] 腐烂；腐败；堕落
 - fall into decay, blet
vt. [植保] 使腐烂； [木] 使腐朽；使堕落
 - corrupt, eat out
int. （表示厌恶、蔑视、烦恼等）胡说；糟了
 - rats, fiddlesticks

Word: permeate
Front: permeate
[ˈpɜ:mieɪt] (研六托雅宝 9622/11301 -1)
Vocabulary: permeate
(once / 2013 pages)
v
When you live in a big city like New York, you know all too well how the smells of spices and cooking meats can permeate a hallway, easily passing through those thin apartment doors to make your mouth water.
The verb permeate literally means to "pass through." It's often used to describe smells or liquids that not only pass through, but also spread to fill an entire area. When you bake cookies, you'll notice that the rich, sweet smell of those cookies isn't confined just to your oven — it permeates the entire kitchen and even the whole house. In science class, you might have learned about a permeable membrane — a thin material that is porous enough to let liquids or gases to pass through.
WORD FAMILY
permeate: permeable, permeated, permeates, permeating, permeation, permeative+/ impermeable: impermeability, impermeableness, impermeably/ permeability: permeabilities/ permeable: impermeable, permeability, permeableness, semipermeable/permeating: permeatingly/permeation: permeations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Corruption permeates and persists throughout the highest levels of the Ukrainian government.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Yet the band’s selection illustrates the critical versus commercial tug of war that’s permeated recent Rock Hall classes.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
At 36, climbing permeates every facet of Mengershausen’s life and she is one of Fairbanks’ premier climbing instructors at Ascension Rock Club.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 弥漫; 遍布; 渗入; 渗透
vi. 感染，传播; 渗入，遍及; 贯穿; 穿透某物
时态：permeated, permeating, permeates
分布：渗透(64%)，弥漫(27%)，普及(9%)
→来自拉丁语permeare,穿过，通过，来自per-,通过，meare,改变，交换，来自mei,改变，交换，词源同mutual,mutable.引申词义渗透，弥漫。
渗透(per+me走+ate→走过去→渗透过去)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
渗透[me=go(走)]
v.弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透Water will easily permeate a cotton dress.水容易渗入棉衣.
US ['pɝ:-] formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to spread through something and be present in every part of it 渗透；弥漫；遍布；充满
• Dissatisfaction with the government seems to have permeated every section of society. 社会的每一个角落似乎都弥漫着对政府的不满。
• A foul smell of stale beer permeated the whole building. 整栋楼都散发着变质啤酒的臭味。
• The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from permeating into the wood beneath. 桌子上铺了一层塑胶，防止液体渗到下面的木材里。
vt. 渗透，透过；弥漫
 - filter, penetrate
vi. 弥漫；透入；散布
 - smoke, shed

Word: remotely
Front: remotely
[rɪˈməʊtli] (9613/9579 -1)
Back: adv. 遥远地; 偏僻地; 冷淡地; 极小地
分布：远程地(50%)，远离地(25%)，轻微地(25%)
US [-'moʊt-] adverb
DISTANT 遥远地
■in a remote place 边远地；偏僻地
• a remotely situated farmhouse 地处偏僻的农舍
UK [rɪ'məʊt.li] US [-'moʊt-] adverb
SLIGHTLY 绝少地
■in a remote or very slight way 微弱地；细微地；程度很低地
• I'm afraid we're not remotely interested in your proposal. 很抱歉，我们对你的建议丝毫不感兴趣。
adv. 遥远地；偏僻地
 - far, afar

Word: late-night
Front: late-night
[ˈleitnait] (-1)
Back: adj. 深夜的，午夜的
分布：深夜的(56%)，午夜的(44%)
ADJ
（尤指娱乐节目）深夜的，午夜的，半夜的
Late-night is used to describe events, especially entertainments, that happen late in the evening or late at night.
例：...John Peel's late-night show on BBC Radio One.约翰·皮尔在英国广播公司一台主持的深夜节目
例：...late-night drinking parties.深夜饮酒派对
ADJ
营业到深夜的
Late-night is used to describe services that are available late at night and do not shut when most commercial activities finish.
例：Saturday night was a late-night shopping night.周六晚上购物可以持续到深夜。
例：...late-night trains.午夜列车

Word: snow
Front: snow
[snəʊ] (中高 1781/2665 -K3)
Back: n. 雪，雪花; 积雪; 雪季
vt. 使纷纷落下; 使变白; 下雪; 被雪覆盖，被雪阻挡
vi. 降雪
时态：snowed, snowing, snows
分布：雪(77%)，下雪(10%)，积雪(9%)，雪覆盖(3%)，使变白(1%)
→来自中古英语 snow,来自古英语 snaw,来自 Proto-Germanic*snaiwaz,雪，来自 sneigwh,下 雪。
n.雪,下雪vi.下雪;如雪一般地落下It is snowing hard.正下着大雪.
US [snoʊ] noun
WEATHER 天气
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■the small soft white pieces of ice which sometimes fall from the sky when it is cold, or the white layer on the ground and other surfaces which it forms 雪；积雪
• Outside the snow began to fall. 外面开始下雪了。
• Let's go and play in the snow! 我们一起去玩雪吧！
• A blanket of snow lay on the ground. 地上积着厚厚的一层雪。
• Her hair was jet-black, her lips ruby-red and her skin as white as snow. 她头发乌黑，嘴唇红润如宝石，肌肤洁白如雪。
countable
■a single fall of snow 一场雪
• We haven't had many heavy snows this winter. 今年冬天我们这里没下过几场大雪。
UK [snəʊ] US [snoʊ] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable slang
■ cocaine
UK [snəʊ] US [snoʊ] verb
WEATHER 天气
 ESSENTIAL intransitive
■If it snows, snow falls from the sky 下雪，飘雪
• It's snowing. 下雪了。
• It's starting to snow. 开始下雪了。
• It had snowed overnight and a thick white layer covered the ground. 一整个晚上都在下雪，地上积了厚厚的一层。
be snowed in
■to be unable to travel away from a place because of very heavy snow 被雪困住
• We were snowed in for four days last winter. 去年冬天，我们被雪困了四天。
UK [snəʊ] US [snoʊ] verb
TRICK 欺骗
transitive US informal
■to deceive or trick someone by clever talk or by giving them a lot of information （用花言巧语）欺骗，蒙骗
• She always snowing the bosses with statistics. 她总是用众多的统计资料来蒙骗老板们。
UK [snəʊ] US [snoʊ] verb
be snowed under (with sth)
■to have so much work that you have problems dealing with it all （因工作太多）忙得不可开交
• I'm absolutely snowed under with work at the moment. 眼前我正为手头的工作忙得不可开交。
n. [气象] 雪，积雪；下雪
 - yuki, firn
vt. 使纷纷落下；使变白
 - bleach

Word: alienation
Front: alienation
[ˌeɪlɪə'neɪʃn] (9619/10106)
Vocabulary: alienation
(once / 3607 pages)
1n 2n
An easy way to experience alienation from your nice-smelling friends is to go a month without bathing. Alienation is a state of being cut off or separate from a person or group of people.
The noun alienation describes the feeling that you're not part of a group. Your political views might cause you to feel a sense of alienation from the rest of your family, or your vegetarianism could result in alienation from your meat-eating friends. The Latin word for alien is alienus, "belonging to another." That idea of not belonging, or not fitting in, gave rise to the Latin verb alienare, "to estrange," which alienation comes from.
WORD FAMILY
alienation: alienations+/alienable: inalienable, unalienable / alienate: alienable, alienates, alienating, alienation, alienator/alienator: alienators/ inalienable: inalienably/ unalienable: unalienably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her goal, she said, is to “bring people together” — including some of those whose sense of alienation is what attracted them to Trump.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In The Implosion of Meaning in the Media, the philosopher Jean Baudrillard describes this kind of voter alienation as a tactic.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
This process of polarisation and mutual alienation culminated last Friday with Obama’s active connivance in the passing of a landmark UN security council resolution.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 离间; 疏远; （觉得周围环境与自己格格不入的）疏离感; 离心离德
分布：疏远(77%)，离间(12%)，让渡(11%)
noun uncountable
SEPARATION 分开
■the feeling that you have no connection with the people around you 疏离感；疏远
• Depressed people frequently feel a sense of alienation from those around them. 情绪抑郁的人经常感到与身边的人格格不入。
[ˌeɪ.li.ə'neɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
LOSS OF SUPPORT 失去支持
■when you cause someone to stop supporting and agreeing with you 失去支持，疏远
• This short-sighted alienation of their own supporters may lose them the election. 这种疏远自己支持者的短视做法或许会使他们输掉选举。
n. 异化；疏远；转让； [内科] 精神错乱；间离效果（alienation effect）
 - distance, negotiation

Word: negative
Front: negative
[ˈnegətɪv] (研四六托雅 1470/2015 -K3)
Vocabulary: negative
(once / 299 pages)
1adjnv 2adj 3adj 4n
Negative means focused on what is bad or lacking. A negative ad tells you bad things about the competition. A negative person loves to complain.
In math, a negative number is less than zero. People who see the glass half empty have a negative outlook. Ask your mom for ice cream and receive an answer in the negative? Don't be too negative back to her, or it'll be a while before you have another chance at ice cream.
WORD FAMILY
negative: negatived, negatively, negativeness, negatives, negativing, negativism, negativity, nonnegative+/ negate: negated, negates, negating, negation, negative / negation: negations/negativism: negativisms, negativist/negativist: negativists/ negativity: negativities
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the “silence and sighs”? The allegedly negative reaction was experienced by precisely one colleague on exactly one call, unsolicited by the Conways.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But other Navy officials, who spoke on background with The Times, said nerves are on edge over Mr. Duterte’s negative posturing toward the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I’m not worried about that, finishing with negative yards or anything like that,” he told The Buffalo News.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 消极的，否认的; [数]负的; [心]反抗性的; 无预期结果的
n. 否定词语; 否定的观点; 消极性; [摄]底片
vt. 否定; 拒绝
时态：negatived, negativing, negatives
分布：消极的(29%)，否定(24%)，负面的(15%)，否定的(12%)，负的(11%)，底片(8%)，反面意见(1%)
→来自negate,否定。引申义负的，负极，消极的等。
否认的n.底片(negate否认+ive)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
否认的[negat=deny(否认)]
a.否定的,消极的,阴性的n.负数;(摄影)底片In the selection the lecturer neglected the negligible negative reflection on the election.在选集中演讲者忽视了对选举的微不足道的消极反思.
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
NO 不
 IMPROVER
■expressing 'no' 否定的；拒绝的
• We received a negative answer to our request. 我们的请求遭到拒绝。
Opposite affirmative
 IMPROVER
■A negative sentence or phrase is one which contains a word such as 'not', 'no', 'never' or 'nothing' （句子或短语）否定的，否定式的
• 'I've never seen him in my life' is a negative sentence. “我一生从未见过他”是句否定句。
• 'Don't' and 'do not' are negative forms of 'do'. don't 和 do not 是 do 的否定形式。
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
WITHOUT HOPE 没有希望
 IMPROVER
■not hopeful, or likely to consider only the bad side of a situation 负面的，消极的
• a negative attitude 消极态度
• You're so negative about everything! 你对任何事情都如此消极！
Compare positive
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
ELECTRICITY 电
■of the type of electrical charge which is carried by electrons 阴极的，负极的 Opposite positive
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
TEST RESULTS 测试结果
■(of a medical test) showing that the patient does not have the disease or condition for which he or she has been tested （医学检验）结果为阴性的，结果为否定的
• a negative pregnancy test 呈阴性的妊娠化验结果
• The results of his HIV test were negative. 他的爱滋病病毒测试结果为阴性。
Opposite positive
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
BELOW ZERO 小于零
■(of a number or amount) less than zero （数量）小于零的，负的
• negative numbers 负数
Opposite positive
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
BLOOD TYPE 血型
■not having the rhesus factor in the blood （血液）缺乏猕因数的，Rh阴性的
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
PHOTOGRAPH 照片
countable (informal neg)
■a piece of film from which a photograph can be produced, and in which light and dark areas appear the opposite way round to the way in which they appear in the photograph （照片）底片
• black-and-white/colour negatives 黑白／彩色底片
• I've borrowed the negatives of her wedding photos so I can get some pictures printed. 我借来了她结婚照的底片，这样我可以加印几张。
UK ['neg.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
NO 不
countable or uncountable
■a word or statement that expresses 'no' 否定词，否定句
• I didn't hear your answer, Edward - was that a negative? 我没听见你的回答，爱德华——是否定的吗？
• I'm afraid the reply was definitely in the negative (= was 'no'). 我想我的答覆肯定是否定的。
Compare affirmative
plausible, desirable, negative
plausible: 似是而非的
desirable: 合意的，令人想要的，悦人心意的
negative: 否定的，消极的
adj. [数] 负的；消极的； [语] 否定的；阴性的
 - passive, destructive
n. [语] 否定；负数； [摄] 底片
 - infirmation, disaffirmation
vt. [语] 否定；拒绝
 - deny, refuse

Word: pollster
Front: pollster
[ˈpəʊlstə(r)] (宝 9635/26503 -1)
Vocabulary: pollster
(once / 4868 pages)
n
A pollster is a person who surveys voters to find out who they're voting for or to gather other information about their opinions.
Often, pollsters attempt to predict the outcome of an election by polling people either before they vote or just afterwards. Pollsters sometimes also ask people questions about their opinions on social and political issues. Pollster, coined in 1939, comes from poll, "to take votes" or "to survey," and originally, "head of hair." This meaning was first extended from "head" to "person," and then in the 1620s to "counting heads."
WORD FAMILY
pollster: pollsters+/ poll: polled, polling, polls, pollster
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, that is the question from a daily national pollster.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All over the world, pollsters report deep unhappiness with the institutions of liberal capitalism.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But when the national popular vote was certified, the major national pollsters were nearly redeemed.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 民意调查（分析）者; 整理民意测验结果的人
分布：民意测验者(100%)
→poll,民意调查，-ster,人。
民意测验家(poll民意调查)[-ster表名词"…人"]
【记】poll（n 民意调查），ster人－民意测验家
US ['poʊl.stɚ] noun countable
■a person who performs opinion polls 民意调查者，民意测验经办人

Word: bash
Front: bash
[bæʃ] (9629/11519 -2)
Vocabulary: bash
(once / 4251 pages)
1vn 2n
To bash is to hit something hard. You might stand up suddenly on a sailboat and bash your head on the mast.
Marching band drummers bash their drums with mallets, and terrible drivers bash their bumpers into trees. You can also figuratively bash another person by saying terribly critical things about her. When bash is a noun, it means either "a hard hit or blow," or "a loud, festive party:" "Welcome to my bash! Don't bash your head on the piñata."
WORD FAMILY
bash: bashed, bashes, bashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Onlookers donning oversized 2017 eyeglasses and green Statue of Liberty hats were screened by police Saturday afternoon ahead of the midnight bash.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In his campaign, Trump relentlessly bashed trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA; Congress is full of Republican free-trade advocates.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Now is not the time to bash him,” Filfred said, “because I need him.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 痛击，猛击; 严厉批评; 怒殴
vi. 严厉地，威胁地批评指责
n. 重击，猛撞; 痛快的玩乐[消遣]; <英方>尝试
时态：bashed, bashing, bashes
分布：狂欢(36%)，重击(31%)，怒殴(17%)，猛烈的一击(11%)，猛烈抨击(5%)
→拟声词。
verb
HIT 撞击
intransitive or transitive informal
■to hit hard 猛撞；猛击
• He bashed his arm against a shelf. 他的手臂猛地撞在了架子上。
• I could hear her bashing away on a typewriter (= hitting the keys loudly). 我能听见她重重地敲击打字机键盘的声音。
[bæʃ] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive
■to criticize someone severely 严厉批评，猛烈抨击
• He kept bashing local government officials. 他不停地抨击当地政府官员员。
[bæʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bash on UK informal
■to continue doing something that is difficult, boring or takes a long time 坚持奋战；继续奋斗
• Oh well, that's enough chatting. I suppose I'd better bash on with this essay. 好吧，聊够了。我想我要继续写这篇文章了。
[bæʃ] noun
HIT 撞击
countable usually singular informal
■a hit 猛击；痛打
• a bash on the head 猛击头部
[bæʃ] noun
PARTY 派对
countable informal
■a party 派对
• He had a big bash for his 18th birthday. 他办了一场盛大的派对，庆祝自己的18岁生日。
[bæʃ] noun
ATTEMPT 尝试
have a bash UK informal
■to try to do something you have not done before 试试看
• I've never been skiing before, but I'm prepared to have a bash (at it). 我以前从来没有滑过雪，但是我打算要试一试。
vt. 猛击，痛击；怒殴
 - jab at, lash out
n. 猛烈的一击，痛击
 - swashing blow, oner

Word: loophole
Front: loophole
[ˈlu:phəʊl] (宝 9628/14372 -1)
Vocabulary: loophole
(once / 2173 pages)
n
A loophole is an accidental technicality or unclear section of a written document that allows someone to avoid following a rule or fulfilling an obligation. If you've discovered a way to get out of paying taxes on money you made last year, you've found a loophole.
There can also be loopholes in politics, where politicians get away with something through a technicality. And if a criminal goes free despite being found guilty of a crime, it might be because of some unforeseen loophole in the law. The original loopholes were narrow slits in a fortress or wall through which defenders could safely shoot arrows — it was seen as an unfair advantage by some, which resulted in the modern meaning of loophole.
WORD FAMILY
loophole: loopholes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The limits of the loophole are unclear, she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Trade in ivory was banned internationally in 1989, but a loophole allowed southern African countries to hold occasional legal sales of their ivory stockpiles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Seattle experiment should be carefully watched to see if this superficially appealing idea simply creates new campaign-finance loopholes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 漏洞; 枪眼; 观察孔
分布：漏洞(85%)，枪眼(6%)，钻空子(4%)，换气孔(2%)，小窗(2%)，开孔(1%)
→原指墙上的小洞，后用于比喻义漏洞。
【记】loop（n 圈）；hole（n 洞）
US [-hoʊl] noun countable
■a small mistake in an agreement or law which gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something （协定或法律的）漏洞，空子，破绽
• tax loopholes 税法的漏洞
• The company employed lawyers to find loopholes in environmental protection laws. 该公司雇用律师来寻找环境保护法的漏洞。
n. 漏洞；枪眼；换气孔；射弹孔
 - leak, barbican

Word: jug
Front: jug
[dʒʌg] (研六托 9618/7211 -1)
Vocabulary: jug
(once / 1053 pages)
1nv 2v
Many people buy their milk in a jug, a large container with a handle and a small opening at the top.
A jug usually has a fairly small spout or mouth at the top; a gallon milk container is one kind of jug, usually made of plastic. Other jugs are made of clay or glass. In some countries, beer comes in a jug, and in others water is collected and carried in a jug. Earthenware jugs can actually be played as musical instruments, often in a jug band — the player blows across the opening and holds the jug at different angles.
WORD FAMILY
jug: jugful, jugged, jugging, jugs+/jugful: jugfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officer found an unloaded rifle and a jug of moonshine in Udin’s vehicle.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Process to a thick creamy-yellow liquor, then tip into a jug.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
All I got back was a picture of the claret jug sitting on a table.
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. n.大罐，壶，一大罐（壶）的容量
vt. 用陶罐或坛子煮，炖，煨; 把…关进监狱
时态：jugged, jugging, jugs
分布：罐(75%)，水壶(23%)，罐焖(2%)
→可能来自Jug,人名Joan的昵称。代指水壶，罐子。词义演变比较jack,jenny.
n.(有柄,小口,可盛水等的)大壶,罐,盂All we need is a jug of water.我们需要的只是一壶水.
noun
CONTAINER 容器
 ADVANCED countable UK (US pitcher)
■a container for holding liquids which has a handle and a shaped opening at the top for pouring （带柄及顶部有开口的）壶，罐
• a glass/plastic jug 玻璃／塑胶壶
• a milk/water jug 奶杯／水罐
countable US
■a large round container for liquids which has a flat base, a handle and a very narrow raised opening at the top for pouring （带柄及顶部有狭窄开口的）大罐
• a whiskey jug 威士忌酒罐
countable
■the amount of liquid that a jug holds 一大罐的容量；一壶的容量
• a jug of milk 一罐牛奶
[dʒʌg] noun
PRISON 监狱
uncountable UK old-fashioned slang
■prison 监狱，牢房
• I always knew he'd end up in (the) jug. 我就知道他最后会坐牢。
n. [轻] 水壶；监牢
 - jail, canteen
vt. 关押；放入壶中
 - prison, imprison

Word: pro
Front: pro
[prəʊ] (4060/6425 -2)
Vocabulary: pro
(once / 340 pages)
1nadjadv 2n
Pro is a Latin root word meaning for. If you make a list of pros and cons, you are listing the reasons for doing something and the reasons not to, respectively.
Pro is also the shortened form of the word "professional," often referring to professional sports. If your cousin plays college basketball — and he's really good — he'll have to decide if he is going to turn pro or finish college first. The shortened form isn't always about sports, however. You might handle your little sister's bicycle accident like a pro, cleaning her up, sticking bandages on her knees, and handing her a lollipop.
WORD FAMILY
pro: proly, pros, semipro+/semipro: semipros
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donald, a Pro Bowl selection in each of his first three seasons, finished with eight sacks.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Green said will not play in the Pro Bowl because of a right hamstring strain suffered in November.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Baseball officials refused to confront the problem for years, then became more aggressive than other pro leagues in policing the use of illicit drugs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 专业人员; 职业选手; 老手
adj. 职业的; 专业的
prep. 赞成; 支持
分布：赞成(36%)，赞成的(19%)，专业的(19%)，正面地(8%)，正面(6%)，能手(6%)，行家(6%)
US [proʊ] noun countable (plural pros)
ADVANTAGE 好处
 ADVANCED
■an advantage or a reason for doing something 好处，益处
• One of the big pros of living in Madrid is the night life. 住在马德里的一大好处就是那里的夜生活丰富。
• We're just weighing up the pros and cons (= advantages and disadvantages) of moving to a bigger house. 我们正在权衡搬进大房子里住的利弊。
UK [prəʊ] US [proʊ] noun countable (plural pros)
SPORTSPERSON 运动员 informal
■a person who plays sport as a job rather than as a hobby 职业运动员
• a tennis pro 职业网球运动员
• a pro golfer 职业高尔夫球手
UK [prəʊ] US [proʊ] adjective preposition
 ADVANCED
■supporting or agreeing with something 赞成的，支持的
• Are you pro or anti (= Do you support or are you against) the new bill? 你是赞成还是反对这个新议案？
n. 赞成者；赞成的意见
 - favorer, assentor
prep. 赞成
 - in favour of, in sympathy with

Word: acquaint
Front: acquaint
[əˈkweɪnt] (研六托雅宝 9630/9574 -1)
Vocabulary: acquaint
(once / 66 pages)
v
When you acquaint yourself with something, you familiarize yourself with it. When you visit a new city, you should acquaint yourself with the layout of the streets so you don’t get lost.
You can also acquaint yourself with another person, by introducing yourself and getting know them. When you see the moving truck pull in across the street, you might want to run over and acquaint yourself with your new neighbors. The word acquaint comes via French from the Latin accognoscere, which is made up of ad- “to,” or “toward,” and cognoscere “come to know.”
WORD FAMILY
acquaint: acquaintance, acquainted, acquainting, acquaints, reacquaint +/ acquaintance: acquaintances, acquaintanceship/acquaintanceship: acquaintanceships/ acquainted: unacquainted/ reacquaint: reacquainted, reacquainting, reacquaints
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it performs its tasks, checking balances and searching transactions, it uses machine-learning algorithms to acquaint itself with the contours of typical requests.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
If you were planning to serve whipped cream with your holiday desserts this year, you might want to acquaint yourself with the homemade kind.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He is well acquainted with his grandfather’s ability to adapt to various settings.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使熟悉; 使认识; 把某事通知某人，告知
时态：acquainted, acquainting, acquaints
分布：告知(63%)，使熟知(25%)，使了解(12%)
→前缀ac-同ad-, 去，往。quaint来自法语，来自拉丁语cogniscere，前缀co, 加强，词根gn, 知道，同can, know.
使了解,告知(acc使+quaint→使[人们]知道→告知)[quaint=know,表示"知道"]
vt.(with)使认识,使了解,使熟悉I am already acquainted with Betty.我已经和贝蒂相熟.
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  acquaint sb with sth formal
■to make someone or yourself familiar with something 使认识；使了解；使熟悉；使知悉
• [R] Take time to acquaint yourself with the rules. 花点时间熟悉一下规则。
• The Broadcasting Museum also offers Saturday workshops to acquaint children with the world of radio. 广播博物馆还举办周六讲习班让孩子了解无线电世界。
inform, notify, advise, acquaint
这组词都有“通知、告知”的意思，其区别是：
inform: 普通用词，指传达事实或信息，或指经过研究或调查而获得的事实或信息。
notify: 指正式通知需要注意的事情。
advise: 指正式通知某件重要事，所通知的事情与被通知的人有关。
acquaint: 指提供有关信息或情况使某人熟悉某些过程或复杂的情况。
vt. 使熟悉；使认识
 - familiarize

Word: best
Front: best
[best] (雅 309/1212)
Vocabulary: best
(once / 19 pages)
1adjadvn 2v
Nothing is better than the best — this is a word for the absolute number one example of something. Best is the opposite of worst.
People love arguing about who's the best at different things. Most people think Michael Jordan is the best basketball player of all-time, and Wayne Gretzky is the best hockey player ever, but there's not much agreement on who's the best football player or baseball player. Best has other meanings too: If you defeated someone, you bested them. People also use this word to recommend something, as in "It would be best to get a lot of sleep."
WORD FAMILY
best: bested, bester, bestest, besting, bests+/ better: bettered, bettering, betterly, betterment, betters/betterment: betterments/ good: best, better, goodish, goodness, goods/goodness: goodnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The total was one off his career best.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sunday’s game showed a more aggressive Russell, and it was one of his best offensive outputs this season.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Harper might be the best, especially if he approaches his 2015 MVP production over the next two years.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 最好的( good和well的最高级); 最愉快的; 最幸福的; 最合适的
adv. 最好地; 最出色地; 最高标准地
n. 佼佼者; （个人的）最高水平; 最重要的优越性; 最好的东西，最合乎要求的事物
vt. [口]打败，胜过
时态：bested, besting, bests
分布：最(71%)，最好的(24%)，最好地(2%)，打败(2%)，优于(1%)
→来自古英语betst。bet, 同boot, 好处。-st, 最高级。boot接近于死词，而作为good最高级。
a.最好的(good和well最高级)ad.最好地;最This picture is the best I have seen.这张是我见过画得最好的画.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■of the highest quality, or being the most suitable, pleasing or effective type of thing or person 最好的；最出色的；最优秀的
• This is the best meal I've ever had. 这是我吃过最好的一餐。
• He's one of our best students. 他是我们最优秀的学生之一。
• Are you sure this is the best way of doing it? 你肯定这是处理这件事的最佳方法吗？
• What's the best (= shortest or quickest) way to get to the station? 哪条路去车站是最方便？
• Your parents only want what is best for you. 你父母只想把最好的给你。
• She was my best friend (= the friend I liked most). 她是我最好的朋友。
• It's best (= It is wise) to get to the supermarket early. 最好早一点赶到超级市场。
[best] adjective
be on your best behaviour
■to behave extremely well and be very polite on a particular occasion 举止得体；以最好的表现示人
• I'd just met his parents for the first time so I was on my best behaviour. 我刚刚第一次跟他的父母见面，我表现出最好的一面。
[best] adjective
be the best thing since sliced bread informal
■to be an excellent person or thing 是很不错的人；是非常好的事物
[best] adjective
May the best man/person win.
■said before a race or competitive activity, meaning that you want the person who is the fastest, strongest or most skilled to win or succeed 但愿最佳选手获胜。
[best] adjective
put your best foot forward
■to try as hard as you can 全力以赴
[best] adjective
with the best will in the world UK
■used to mean 'I would like to if I possibly could', in a situation where you cannot do something （用于表示无法做某事）尽管我是真心愿意
• With the best will in the world, I can't employ him in the shop unless I can trust him. 除非我能信任他，否则不管我多想，我都不能聘请他到店里工作。
[best] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■in the most suitable, pleasing or satisfactory way, or to the greatest degree 最；最好地；最高程度地
• Which evening would suit you best for the party? 你认为哪天晚上举行晚会是最适合的？
• The Grand Canyon is best seen at sunset when it seems to change colour. 大峡谷日落时最美，这时它的色彩似乎变幻莫测。
• He couldn't decide which one he liked best (= preferred). 他不知道自己最喜欢哪一个。
 ESSENTIAL
■to the greatest degree when used as the superlative of adjectives beginning with 'good' or 'well' （表示以 good 或 well 开头的最高级形容词）…
• They were the best-dressed couple at the party. 他们是舞会上衣着最华丽的一对。
• He was voted the best-looking (= most attractive) actor in Hollywood. 他被选为好莱坞最英俊的男演员。
as best you can mainly UK
■as well as you can 尽力
• It is a difficult passage, but just translate it as best you can. 这段文章确实很难，不过你尽力翻译就可以了。
[best] adverb
do as you think best
■to choose the action that you judge to be most suitable 你认为怎样好就怎样做
• "Do you think I should take this job or try for another?" "You should do as you think best." “你认为我应该接受这份工作，还是另找一份试试？”“你认为怎样最好就怎样做吧。”
[best] adverb
had best/better mainly UK
■used to suggest an action or to show that it is necessary 最好
• You had best tell her (= It would be wise if you told her) that you won't be able to come to her party. 你最好告诉她，你不能参加她的派对。
• We'd best be going now (= We should go now). 我们最好现在就走。
[best] noun only singular
 IMPROVER
■the most excellent in a group of things or people 最好的人（或事物）
• My tastes are simple - I only like the best. 我的品味很简单─—我只喜欢最好的。
• He wanted the best for his children - good schools, a nice house and trips abroad. 他想让自己的孩子们享受到最好的一切——上好学校，住漂亮房子，还有去外国旅行。
• I like all of Hitchcock's films, but I think 'Notorious' is the best. 我喜欢希区考克所有电影，不过我认为《美人计》是最好的一出。
• Chris and I are the best of friends (= We are very close friends). 克里斯和我是最要好的朋友。
all the best! mainly UK informal
■used to say goodbye or to end a letter to someone you know well （用于告别或信末祝福）祝一切顺利！
at best
■even when considered in the most positive way 最多，充其量
• The food was bland at best, and at worst completely inedible. 这种食物往好方的面说，是清淡无味，往差方面说，则根本就不能吃。
at its best
■at the highest standard that can be achieved 最高水准的
• The documentary was an example of investigative journalism at its best. 这出纪录片是调查性新闻报导的最佳范例。
be at your best
■to be as active or intelligent as you can be 处于最好状态
• I'm not at my best in the morning. 上午我不在最佳状态。
best of all
■this is the most pleasing thing 最棒的
• There was wonderful food, good company and, best of all, a jazz band. 那里有丰盛的食物和热情的伙伴，最棒的是还有一支爵士乐队。
best of luck
■an expression used to wish someone success before an examination or a difficult activity 祝你好运
• Best of luck with your exams! 祝你考试成功！
• We would like to wish you the (very) best of luck with your move to the States. 我们祝你到美国之后一切顺利。
the best of
■In a sport such as tennis, if you play the best of a particular number of games, you play that number of games and the winner is the player who wins the greatest number of those games …场比赛中的大部分胜出
• Shall we play the best of five? 我们打五局三胜好吗？
do/try your best
■to make the greatest effort possible 尽力
• It doesn't matter if you fail, just do your best. 即使失败了也没所谓，只要你尽了力就可以了。
have had the best of
■If you have had the best of something, you have enjoyed the most pleasant part of it, and everything that is left is worse 享受最佳部分
• I think we've already had the best of the hot weather this summer. 我想我们已经渡过了今年夏天最舒服的日子。
to the best of your ability
■as well as you can 尽力
• Just do the job to the best of your ability. 只要你尽力工作就可以了。
to the best of my knowledge/belief
■from what I know and understand from the information that I have 据我所知
• To the best of my knowledge, the chemicals which were found are not dangerous. 据我所知，那些被发现的化学品并没有危险。
[best] noun only singular
at the best of times
■when everything is going well 在最好的情况下
• Our car is slow even at the best of times. 我们的车即使在最佳状态下也开得不快。
[best] noun only singular
the best of a bad bunch / lot
■the person or thing of a group that is not as bad as the others, although none of the group is good 矬子里头选将军；差中选优
[best] noun only singular
the best of both worlds
■a situation in which you can enjoy the advantages of two very different things at the same time 两全其美，各取其长
• She works in the city and lives in the country, so she gets the best of both worlds. 她在城市工作却住在乡村，可以尽享两种生活的好处。
[best] noun only singular
the best of British (luck) UK informal
■used to wish someone luck, especially when you do not think they have much chance of success or happiness 祝某人好运（尤指当其成功或快乐的机会不大时）
• You're going to ask her father for money? Best of British, mate! 你打算向她父亲要钱？祝你好运，老兄！
[best] noun only singular
for the best
■If an action is for the best, it is done to improve a situation or produce a good result, although it might seem unpleasant at the time 终究有好处
• Ending a relationship is always hard but in this case it's for the best. 结束一段感情总是很难的，但这样做终究会对你有好处的。
[best] noun only singular
make the best of
■to make an unsatisfactory situation as pleasant as possible 尽可能善用（不令人满意的处境）
• We'll have to spend the night here, so we might as well make the best of it. 我们要在这地方住上一晚，所以还是将就一下吧。
[best] noun only singular
with the best of them informal
■as well as anyone 不逊于任何人
• He can dance with the best of them. 他舞跳得不比别人差。
[best] verb transitive formal
■to defeat someone in a fight or competition 击败，战胜
• He bested his opponent in just two rounds. 仅仅两个回合他就击败了对手。
n. 最好的人，最好的事物；最佳状态
 - groove, high point
adj. 最好的
 - greatest, perfect, prime, crack
adv. 最好地
 - primely
vt. 打败，胜过
 - beat, overcome, exceed, tank, cap

Word: perk
Front: perk
[pɜ:k] (9621/11720 -1)
Vocabulary: perk
(once / 3103 pages)
1n 2v
A perk is something extra you get, in addition to a salary, in exchange for working. The major perk of your job at an ice cream shop might be all the hot fudge sundaes you can eat.
Some fairly common job perks include health insurance, free gym memberships, and company cars. You can also talk about the perks, or benefits, of a situation: "I have to ride to school with my annoying neighbor, but the perk is she always brings donuts." As a verb, perk means "to become more energetic or cheerful." So that donut perk? It might be just the thing to perk you up on a Monday morning.
WORD FAMILY
perk: perked, perking, perks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ahmad said he tries to perk his mother up by telling her about the new things he’s experiencing.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
China’s “iPhone City” was built in large part on billions of dollars worth of perks, tax breaks and subsidies, our investigation reveals.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Our investigation into the world’s biggest iPhone factory, in Zhengzhou, China, revealed a hidden bounty of perks, tax breaks and subsidies.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）活跃; 竖起，翘起; 振作; 滤煮
n. 额外津贴，外快
时态：perked, perking, perks
分布：打扮(34%)，竖起(31%)，特权(18%)，利益(7%)，滤煮(5%)，额外津贴(5%)
→缩写自perquisite,津贴，额外补贴。
US [pɝ:k] noun countable informal
■an advantage or extra thing, such as money or goods, which you are given because of your job （因工作而享有的）补贴，津贴，额外待遇
• A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job. 这份工作的一些额外待遇包括配备公司车和行动电话。
■an advantage 好处，有利条件
• Having such easy access to some of the best cinema and theatre is one of the perks of living in Sydney. 一些最好的电影院和剧院就近在咫尺，是在雪梨生活所能享受的便利之一。
UK [pɜ:k] US [pɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive informal
■(to cause a liquid, especially coffee) to percolate （使）渗滤
UK [pɜ:k] US [pɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive informal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] perk (sb) up
■to become or cause someone to become happier, more energetic or active （使）（某人）快活起来；（使）（某人）振作起来；（使）（某人）活跃起来
• She perked up as soon as I mentioned that Charles was coming to dinner. 我一提到查尔斯要来吃晚餐她就精神为之一振。
• He perked up at the news. 一听到这消息他精神就振作起来了。
• Would you like a cup of coffee? It might perk you up a bit. 你想喝杯咖啡吗？也许能让你提提神。
UK [pɜ:k] US [pɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive informal
  Phrasal Verbs  perk up
■to improve or become more exciting 有所改善；有起色；变得更有趣
• Share prices perked up slightly before the close of trading. 股票价格在收市前稍微涨了一些。
vi. 振作；昂首
 - stir oneself, nerve oneself
vt. 使振作；打扮；竖起
 - dress oneself, array
n. 小费；额外收入
 - fee, tip

Word: statistic
Front: statistic
[stəˈtɪstɪk] (9631/14827 -3)
Vocabulary: statistic
(once / 10190 pages)
n
A statistic is a numerical piece of information. If you are trying to prove a point, and you want your argument to have a sense of authority, you might want to use a statistic to back up your claim.
A statistic is a single piece of information represented by a number. “Water makes up 70% of the Earth’s surface,” for instance, is a statistic. A statistic is like a fact that is reached through a mathematical process. A population figure is the most common statistic you will encounter. When made plural, statistics means either a collection of statistics or the science of creating and interpreting statistics, as in “His favorite course in college was Statistics.”
WORD FAMILY
statistics: statistic, statistical, statistician +/ statistical: statistically/ statistician: statisticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
This statistic is called championship probability added—and it was the metric The Wall Street Journal used to scrutinize the NBA’s most iconic baskets.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Efforts to answer that question tend to revolve around a single statistic.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Meanwhile the teams ahead of them in the NFC East, Dallas and the Giants, are second and sixth best, respectively, in the statistic.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 统计资料中的一项; （一项）统计数据; 统计量; （对总体具有代表性的）典型统计论
adj. 统计（上）的，统计学（上）的
分布：统计数值(100%)
noun
statistics
 IMPROVER [plural] (informal stats)
■information based on a study of the number of times something happens or is present, or other numerical facts 统计数据；统计资料
• Statistics show/suggest that women live longer than men. 统计资料显示女性寿命比男性长。
• According to official statistics, the Japanese work longer hours than workers in most other industrialized countries. 根据官方统计数字，日本人比其他大多数工业国家劳工的工作时间都要长。
uncountable
■the science of using information discovered from studying numbers 统计学
countable
■a fact in the form of a number that shows information about something 统计数字
• The city's most shocking statistic is its high infant mortality rate. 这座城市最令人震惊的统计数字是其高婴儿死亡率。

Word: skater
Front: skater
[ˈskeɪtə(r)] (9640/24205)
Back: n. 滑冰者
分布：滑冰者(72%)，滑雪的人(28%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person on skates 溜冰者；滑冰者
n. 溜冰者
 - rinker

Word: afflict
Front: afflict
[əˈflɪkt] (六托雅宝 9633/11138)
Vocabulary: afflict
(once / 258 pages)
v
To afflict is to cause suffering, pain, or misery. It’s often associated with medical conditions. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is most likely to afflict someone who spends many hours every day typing on our computers.
We get afflict from the Latin word affligere, meaning “to strike down,” which is an old fashioned way of saying to get sick, or to have a condition of some kind. You could argue that chronic indecision was the main problem to afflict Hamlet, or that saying "um," "like," and "you know" are speech tics that afflict teens.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
afflict / inflict
Both afflict and inflict cause pain, but afflict means to cause suffering or unhappiness, something a disease does, but inflict means to force pain or suffering, like if you smack someone upside the head.
If something afflicts you, it hurts. Cancer, death, arthritis, or even bad skin can afflict you. Afflict is often, but not always, followed by the preposition with:
It's also quite likely that he was afflicted with an eating disorder. (Slate)
He has never publicly revealed what type of cancer afflicted him. (New York Times)
In the proud tradition of genuine watchdog journalism, Khalil Bendib's work aims to comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable. (Brunei Times)
Inflict is meaner. It's more aggressive — it actively hurts and causes problems. A self-inflicted wound is when you hurt yourself. Inflict is often, but not always, followed by on:
Some participants in the debate said the rule could unintentionally inflict economic harm on Africans. (Washington Post)
Five other men accused of taking part in the fight were convicted of hooliganism and inflicting light bodily injury. (Seattle Times)
Most injuries are self-inflicted; they're not necessarily inflicted by others. (New York Times)
The difference between the two is whether the emphasis is on the one suffering or the one causing the suffering. Afflict emphasizes who is doing the suffering. Inflict emphasizes the person or thing causing the suffering. Try this: I am afflicted with something terrible, so I inflict injuries upon others.
WORD FAMILY
afflict: afflicted, afflicting, affliction, afflictive, afflicts+/ afflicted: afflictedest, afflictedly/ affliction: afflictions/afflictive: afflictively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Afflicted with bipolar disorder, she educated the public about the condition as if she were on a mission.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
And we see only futility and cruelty in the countless lives shortened by disease or disaster, or afflicted by poverty or conflict.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Whatever happened to comforting the afflicted and afflicting the comfortable?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受痛苦; 折磨; 使苦恼
时态：afflicted, afflicting, afflicts
分布：折磨(82%)，使苦恼(18%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。词根flict, 击打，见conflict, 冲突。
使苦恼;折磨(af一再+filct→一再打击→折磨)[flict=strike,表示"打击"]
verb transitive
■If a problem or illness afflicts a person or thing, they suffer from it 使痛苦；使苦恼；折磨
• It is an illness which afflicts women more than men. 患这种疾病的女性多于男性。
• a country afflicted by civil war 饱受内战蹂躏的国家
vt. 折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear, devil

Word: defiant
Front: defiant
[dɪˈfaɪənt] (托 9623/10005 -2)
Vocabulary: defiant
(once / 275 pages)
adj
Have you ever seen a picture of a protester who is about to be carried off by police but is still shouting or resisting, fighting to the bitter end? That person is defiant.
Someone who is defiant is bold, even in the face of defeat. A defiant person is usually fighting a powerful enemy. People who protest in countries controlled by dictators are defiant. Rosa Parks was defiant when she refused to give up her seat on the bus, even though the law at that time dictated that black people had to stand when whites needed a seat. Small children are defiant too, sometimes over nothing more than a request to share their toys.
WORD FAMILY
defiant: defiance, defiantly +/ defiance: defiances/ defy: defiant, defied, defies, defying
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there is more to her story than defiant ambition.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Clark tried to look defiant, but her lip twitched, and she began to quietly weep.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Yet Senator de Lima remains defiant, insisting she will be vindicated, and calling now for international intervention to investigate the drug killings.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 挑衅的; 蔑视的; 大胆的; 目中无人的
分布：挑衅的(65%)，目中无人(35%)
adjective
■proudly refusing to obey authority 对抗的，违抗的；挑衅的
• a defiant attitude/gesture 挑衅的态度／姿态
• The protesters blocking the entrance to the offices remained defiant this morning. 堵在办公室入口的抗议者今天早晨态度依然强硬。
■not willing to accept criticism or disapproval 不接受批评的；不接受不同意见的
• The Prime Minister was in defiant mood in the House of Commons. 首相在下议院听不进不同的意见。
adj. 挑衅的；目中无人的，蔑视的；挑战的
 - challenging, in-your-face

Word: amass
Front: amass
[əˈmæs] (托宝 9638/13689 -1)
Vocabulary: amass
(once / 1900 pages)
v
Amass means bring together or assemble. It can be a real shock to enter a room and see your amassed friends shouting "Surprise!"
Although the word amass should not be confused with "a mass," as in the thing you never want to hear has been found on your lung, they both derive from the Latin massa "lump." When you think about it, this makes sense. Whether soldiers or cancer cells, things that come together to form a whole — in this case, a tumor or an army — are amassed.
WORD FAMILY
amass: amassed, amasses, amassing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The offense was an unrecognizable mess against the Giants, amassing just 284 yards and failing to account for New York’s aggressive pass rush.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
On game day, St. Thomas amassed a thirty-five-point lead before halftime.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It claimed that Mr. Obiang amassed more than $300 million in assets around the globe “through corruption and money laundering.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 积累，积聚
时态：amassed, amassing, amasses
分布：积聚(68%)，收集(32%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. mass, 大块。
【记】mass大块，堆，一团－变成大块－积聚
【参】massive（adj 巨大的）；massacre（n /v 大屠杀）
verb transitive
■to get a large amount of something, especially money or information, by collecting it over a long period 集聚，积累，大量收集（尤指钱或资讯）
• She has amassed a huge fortune from her novels. 她靠写小说慢慢积攒了一大笔钱。
• Some of his colleagues envy the enormous wealth that he has amassed. 他积聚了大笔财富，这引起了一些同事的妒忌。
heap, gather, pile, accumulate, amass, collect
这组词都有“积聚，聚集，积累”的意思，其区别是：
heap: 主要指把沙、石、煤、草等堆高，不强调整齐。
gather: 普通用词，指人或物或抽象事物都可用。侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集。
pile: 着重指比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起。
accumulate: 几乎可用于指任何事物量的增加，侧重连续不断地，一点一滴地聚积。
amass: 着重大量地积聚，尤指对如金钱、珠宝等有价值东西的大量积聚。
collect: 普通用词，多用于指物，侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来。
vt. 积聚，积累
 - pile up, store up

Word: managed
Front: managed
[ˈmænɪdʒd] (9647/16491)
Back: v. 使用( manage的过去式和过去分词 ); 完成（困难的事）; 经营; 明智地使用（金钱、时间、信息等）
分布：管理(88%)，经营(7%)，提供(3%)，设法对付(1%)，做成(1%)
VERB
管理;经营;掌管
If you manage an organization, business, or system, or the people who work in it, you are responsible for controlling them.
例：Within two years he was managing the store...不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。
例：Most factories in the area are obsolete and badly managed...这个地区的绝大多数工厂都十分陈旧，经营状况也非常糟糕。
VERB
谨慎地使用，好好地利用(时间、金钱等)
If you manage time, money, or other resources, you deal with them carefully and do not waste them.
例：In a busy world, managing your time is increasingly important...在忙碌的世界里，善于利用时间变得越来越重要。
例：Josh expects me to manage all the household expenses on very little.乔希指望我对每笔家庭支出都精打细算。
VERB
设法做到;成功完成
If you manage to do something, especially something difficult, you succeed in doing it.
例：Somehow, he'd managed to persuade Kay to buy one for him...不知用了什么方法，他成功说服凯给他买了一个。
例：I managed to pull myself up onto a wet, sloping ledge...我终于爬上了一块潮湿倾斜的暗礁。
VERB
成功对付;设法应对
If you manage, you succeed in coping with a difficult situation.
例：She had managed perfectly well without medication for three years...3年来，她一直没有服药却挺了过来。
例：I am managing, but I could not possibly give up work...我正在努力应付，但我不可能放弃工作。
VERB
抽出，腾出，安排出(时间、金钱等)
If you say that you can manage an amount of time or money for something, you mean that you can afford to spend that time or money on it.
例：This makes it ideal for those who can only manage a few hours in the morning or evening...对于那些只能在早晚抽出几个小时的人来说，这是最理想不过的了。
例：'All right, I can manage a fiver,' McMinn said with reluctance.麦克明不情愿地说：“好吧，我可以出5镑。”
VERB
勉强做出（微笑、寒暄等);强作
If you say that someone managed a particular response, such as a laugh or a greeting, you mean that it was difficult for them to do it because they were feeling sad or upset.
例：He looked dazed as he spoke to reporters, managing only a weak smile...跟记者谈话的时候，他只是勉强挤出一丝淡淡的微笑，显得非常恍惚。
例：He managed a few sentences about his visit to the prison...他勉强描述了一下探监情况。
CONVENTION
（对他人给予帮助的婉拒）我能对付，我能行
You say 'I can manage' or 'I'll manage' as a way of refusing someone's offer of help and insisting on doing something by yourself.
例：I know you mean well, but I can manage by myself...我知道您是一番好意，不过我一个人能行。
例：'I'll do it, Eleanor,' Angus said, quickly jumping up. But this time she only shook her head. 'I'll manage,' she said firmly.安格斯一跃而起道：“让我来，埃莉诺。”可是，这一次她只是摇了摇头，坚定地说：“我能应付。”
adj. 托管的；与中央化计划及管制有关的
 - mandatory
v. 管理；负责；设法完成（manage的过去分词）
 - conducted, regulated

Word: apiece
Front: apiece
[əˈpi:s] (9637/14425 -1)
Vocabulary: apiece
(once / 1067 pages)
adv
The adverb apiece means "for each" or "to each." If your grandmother gives you and your cousins ten dollars apiece, she hands each of you a ten dollar bill.
When you sell cookies at a bake sale for a dollar apiece, every individual cookie costs one dollar. And if two competing baseball teams have eleven wins apiece, it means that they're tied for the season so far — they've each won eleven games. Apiece, first used in the 1500s, was a contraction of a pece, which was almost always used to talk about coins or items for sale.
WORD FAMILY
apiece: apieces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shootout brought them level on four wins apiece in meetings in Germany.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For that startling race, Whitlock’s training log showed that he did 43 training runs of three hours apiece.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Cortez Edwards and Quinton Campbell led Southern Mississippi with 11 points apiece.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 每个; 每件; 每人; 各自地
分布：每人(46%)，每个(45%)，各(9%)
adverb
■each 每个；每人；各
• In good condition, dolls from this period sell for £500 apiece. 这个时期的玩偶，如果保存完好的话，每个可以卖到500英镑。
adv. 每人；每个；各自地
 - respectively, each

Word: slum
Front: slum
[slʌm] (研四六托雅 9642/8570 -1)
Vocabulary: slum
(once / 1319 pages)
nv
A slum is a poor area of a big city. A slum is usually overcrowded and dirty, a discouraging place to live.
Some of a city's neighborhoods are fancy and full of wealthy people, while others are slums (and most are somewhere in between). In a slum, most people are poor. The living conditions are inferior in a slum, which may not have the stores, restaurants, and health services its residents want or need. In the early 1800's, the term was back slum, which meant "back alley" or "street of poor people," and was eventually shortened to simply slum.
WORD FAMILY
slum: slummed, slumming, slummy, slums+/slummy: slummily
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was now selling samosas in the slum to survive.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The BBC visited Dharavi, a sprawling slum in the centre of Mumbai, which is ordinarily a hub of small scale industry.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Latham also campaigned for tenants' rights, a particular issue in his part of London, in which slum landlords operated.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 贫民窟，贫民区
vi. （因好奇而）逛贫民区
时态：slummed, slumming, slums
分布：贫民窟(97%)，访问贫民区(3%)
→缩写自 back slum,后街，穷人街，来自俚语 slum,房间，屋子，可能来自拟声词，模仿破屋子 嘎吱嘎吱的声音。比较 slam,slammer.
n.贫民窟,贫民区,陋巷Many colored people live in the slum near the Main Street.梅因街附近的贫民窟里住着许多有色人种居民.
noun countable
■a very poor and crowded area, especially of a city （尤指城市中的）贫民窟，棚户区
• an inner-city slum 市中心的贫民窟
• She was brought up in the slums of Lima. 她在利马的贫民区长大。
■informal disapproving
■a very untidy or dirty place 脏乱的地方
• This flat would be an absolute slum if I wasn't here to clean it. 如果不是我在这里打扫，这套公寓会脏乱得完全不像样。
[slʌm] verb informal
slum it
■to spend time in conditions which are much less good than the standard that you are used to 过穷日子，过简朴的生活
• We ran out of money on holiday and had to slum it in cheap hostels. 我们假期里把钱都花光了，所以不得不降低标准住进了廉价旅馆。
n. [经] 贫民窟；陋巷；脏乱的地方
 - bustee, rookery

Word: taxation
Front: taxation
[tækˈseɪʃn] (雅 9627/3075 -2)
Vocabulary: taxation
(once / 756 pages)
n
Taxation refers to the practice of a government collecting money from its citizens to pay for public services. Without taxation, there would be no public libraries or parks.
One of the most frequently debated political topics is taxation. Taxation is the practice of collecting taxes (money) from citizens based on their earnings and property. The money raised from taxation supports the government and allows it to fund police and courts, have a military, build and maintain roads, along with many other services. Taxation is the price of being a citizen, though politicians and citizens often argue about how much taxation is too little or too much.
WORD FAMILY
taxation: taxations+/overtax: overtaxed, overtaxes, overtaxing/tax: overtax, supertax, taxable, taxation, taxed, taxer, taxes, taxing/taxable: nontaxable, taxability/taxed: untaxed/taxer: taxers/taxing: taxingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is not a coincidence, as old Marxists used to say, that his proposed cuts to personal taxation would shower cash on the already wealthy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The contribution from benefit taxation never accounts for more than a small percentage of the total costs of Social Security.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Et voila: finally a system of corporate taxation that raises revenue efficiently, discourages debt and promotes capital investment right here in the USA.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 课税; 征税; 税; 税收
分布：征税(78%)，课税(18%)，税金(4%)
noun uncountable
■the system of taxing people 税收制度
n. 课税，征税； [税收] 税款
 - imposition of tax, taxe

Word: browse
Front: browse
[braʊz] (研六雅宝 9636/11136 -1)
Vocabulary: browse
(once / 538 pages)
1vn 2vn
To browse is to look casually for whatever catches your eye, rather than searching for something specific. Window shopping and scanning the newspaper for interesting headlines are forms of browsing.
You can browse in a store, a library, or browse the Internet (with — what else? — an Internet "browser"). When it comes to reading material, browse means the same as peruse. Back in the 16th century, though, this verb was used in reference to animals feeding on, or grazing on, the buds of trees.
WORD FAMILY
browse: browsed, browser, browses, browsing+/ browser: browsers/browsing: browsings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Contribute your video, pictures and stories, and browse news, reviews and creations submitted by others.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
I browsed the books, eventually picking three of them.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
More browsing on the internet means more web searches, and, in most cases, that means more Google.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 浏览; 吃草; 随意翻阅
n. 浏览; 吃草; 放牧
时态：browsed, browsing, browses
分布：浏览(94%)，吃草(4%)，嫩叶(1%)，随意观看(1%)
→来自PIE *bhreus, 膨胀，生长。词源同breast, 胸部。指长出来的嫩芽，蓓蕾，后引申为牛羊吃草，浏览。
vi.随意翻阅,浏览;(牛,羊等)吃草A lot of people were browsing in the bookstore.很多人在书店里翻阅着书.
【记】1）brow＝broust[嫩枝]－吃嫩叶；2）browser（n 计算机浏览器，吃嫩叶的动物）
verb
LOOK 看
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to look through a book or magazine without reading everything, or to walk around a shop looking at several things without intending to buy any of them 浏览
• I was browsing through fashion magazines to find a new hairstyle. 我在浏览时装杂志，想找一种新发型。
• "Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?" "No, I'm just browsing." “太太，你想找些甚么吗?”“不，我只是随便看看。”
[braʊz] verb
COMPUTING 电脑操作
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to look at information on the Internet 浏览（网际网路）；在网上浏览（资讯）
• to browse the Web 浏览全球资讯网
[braʊz] verb
FEED 吃
intransitive
■(of animals) to feed on grass, leaves, etc. in a relaxed way （动物）吃草（或枝叶）
• Deer were browsing (on grass) under the trees. 鹿正在树下吃草。
[braʊz] noun only singular mainly UK
■an act of browsing or period of time spent browsing 随便看看，浏览；随便看看（或浏览）所花的时间
• We went for a browse around an antique shop. 我们去一家古董店随便看了看。
• I had a browse through the books on his desk. 我随便翻了翻他桌上的书。
vt. 浏览；吃草
 - scan, glance through
vi. 浏览；吃草；漫不经心地看商品
 - page, glance through
n. 浏览；吃草
 - lookthrough, scan

Word: soaring
Front: soaring
['soʊrɪŋ] (研托 9645/11618)
Back: adj. 高飞的，翱翔的; 高耸的
v. 高飞（ soar的现在分词 ）; 猛增; （音乐）升高; 高耸
分布：猛增的(65%)，剧增的(35%)
VERB
(数量、价值、水平、规模等)急升，猛涨
If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.
例：Insurance claims are expected to soar...预计保险索赔数量会急剧增加。
例：Shares soared on the stock exchange...股市的股票价格暴涨。
VERB
(鸟等)高飞，翱翔，升腾
If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.
例：If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view...幸运的话，会有一只光彩夺目的金雕飞入你的视野。
例：Buzzards soar overhead at a great height...秃鹰在高空翱翔。
VERB
(树木、建筑等)高耸，屹立
Trees or buildings that soar upwards are very tall.
例：The steeple soars skyward.尖顶高高耸立。
例：...the soaring spires of churches like St Peter's.如圣彼得教堂一样高耸入云的尖塔
VERB
(音乐)音量猛地增大，音调陡然升高
If music soars, it rises greatly in volume or pitch.
例：The music soared to the rafters, carrying its listeners' hearts...音乐响彻屋宇，震撼人心。
例：His soaring voice cuts straight to the heart.他那高昂的声音洞彻心扉。
VERB
(情绪)高昂,高涨
If your spirits soar, you suddenly start to feel very happy.
例：For the first time in months, my spirits soared.几个月来，我的情绪第一次高涨起来。
adj. [航] 翱翔的；高耸的；猛增的
 - towery
v. 高耸（soar的现在分词形式）；高飞；猛增
 - domineering

Word: licensing
Front: licensing
['laɪsnsɪŋ] (9643/5837)
Back: v. 批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
分布：申请许可证(72%)，动词license的现在分词.(28%)
VERB
批准；许可
To license a person or activity means to give official permission for the person to do something or for the activity to take place.
例：...a proposal that would require the state to license guns...要求该州对枪支实行许可管理的议案
例：Under the agreement, the council can license a U.S. company to produce the drug.根据协议，委员会可授权一家美国公司生产这种药品。
v. 许可；批准（license的ing形式）
 - passing, authorising

Word: swollen
Front: swollen
[ˈswəʊlən] (9624/10096 -K1)
Vocabulary: swollen
(once / 759 pages)
adj
When something's swollen, it's puffed up, rounded, and misshapen. If you've sprained your ankle, it's likely to be swollen and may look more like a grapefruit than the body part you know and love.
When something swells up, it's swollen, and that can be anything from knees and glands to pregnant bellies. You can also use swollen more poetically: you can describe someone with a big ego as having a swollen head. A stormy ocean with big, angry waves is a swollen sea. And a state with out-of-control spending has a swollen budget, inflated by special projects and other expenses that there’s not enough money to pay for.
WORD FAMILY
swell: swelled, swellest, swelling, swellingly, swells, swollen +/swelled: swelleder/swelling: swellings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He peered up at the mess caused by the swollen substance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Six-foot tall in her heels, she lifted a finger and prodded my swollen cheek.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
“This is one of the greatest days of my life,” he proclaimed from the podium, with eyes swollen and red from shedding tears.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 膨胀的; 肿起的; 涨满的
v. 增强，肿胀，鼓起(swell的过去式和过去分词)
分布：肿大的(64%)，水涨的(18%)，动词swell的过去分词形式.(18%)
US ['swoʊ-] verb past participle of
■ swell (INCREASE)
UK ['swəʊ.lən] US ['swoʊ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■larger than usual 肿大的；膨胀的；大于正常的
• a bruised, swollen face 青肿的脸
• The stream is swollen because of the heavy rain. 天降下大雨，溪水涨了。
adj. 肿胀的，浮肿的；浮夸的；激动兴奋的
 - turgid, tumid

Word: traverse
Front: traverse
[trəˈvɜ:s] (六托雅宝 9649/11616 -1)
Vocabulary: traverse
(once / 390 pages)
vn
The verb traverse means to travel across an extended area. "Her dream was to traverse the country by car, so she could meet new people and see all the kitschy sites — like the giant roadside tire in Michigan or the shoe house in Pennsylvania."
The verb traverse can also mean "to span," to span a physical space or time. "The bridge traversed the river, linking the two cities." Traverse can be used for any crossing, but it often is used when implying the crossing will be difficult. "She was exhausted from traveling in the snowy conditions, but she still had to traverse an icy bridge before she would arrive safely home."
WORD FAMILY
traverse: traversable, traversal, traversed, traverser, traverses, traversing+/traversable: untraversable/traversed: untraversed/traverser: traversers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Second Avenue line is a different story, traversing an already dense neighborhood, and the full economic impact is not yet clear.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The poem talks about how: "We hate orange barriers/As they dig up the town/We all like to grumble/As we traverse around."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
I spend many days traversing Seattle’s socio-economic ladder and talking with people across the political spectrum.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 穿过; 横贯，横切; 横木; [建]横梁
vt. 横越，横贯; 通过; [法]否认，反驳; [木工]横刨
vi. 来回移动; 旋转; 横越
adj. 横贯的; 横切的
时态：traversed, traversing, traverses
分布：穿越(39%)，横贯(31%)，否认(11%)，横木(8%)，详细讨论(6%)，阻止(5%)
→tra-,横穿，穿过，-vers,转，词源同 converse,versus.
【记】tra横，verse转一横过
US [-'vɝ:s] formal
verb transitive
■to move or travel through an area 穿越；穿过
• Stanley traversed the continent from west to east. 斯坦利自西向东穿越了整个大陆。
• Bounded on the east by Lake Winnebago, the county is traversed by the Wolf and Fox rivers. 该县东临温纳贝戈湖，沃尔夫河和福克斯河穿县而过。
n. 穿过；横贯；横木
 - crossrail, ledger strip
vt. 穿过；反对；详细研究；在…来回移动
 - combat, thread
vi. 横越； [机] 旋转；来回移动
 - circle, wheel, spin
adj. 横贯的
 - transcurrent

Word: tan
Front: tan
[tæn] (研四六托宝 9634/8861 -2)
Back: n. 黄褐色，棕黄色; 鞣料; 马戏团; 晒黑的皮色
vt. （使）晒成棕褐色; 鞣（革）
vi. 晒成棕褐色
adj. 黄褐色的，棕黄色的; 鞣皮的
时态：tanned, tanning, tans
分布：棕褐色(42%)，晒黑(33%)，棕褐色的(16%)，黝黑(9%)
→来自法语 tan,橡树树皮，来自拉丁语 tannum,橡树树皮，来自 dhonu,橡树，杉木。因过 去用橡树树皮制革而得名，后引申形容词词义褐色的。
n./a.(皮肤因日晒而成)棕褐色(的)vt.晒黑The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
【记】鞣革需要tan（炭）火和丹宁酸（tannin）
【参】tanner（n 制革工人）
noun countable (also suntan)
 ADVANCED
■when your skin is brown from being in the sun 晒成棕褐色的肤色
• a deep tan 晒得黝黑的皮肤
[tæn] adjective noun uncountable
■(a) pale, yellowish brown 棕黄色（的）；棕褐色（的）
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
COLOUR 颜色
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to become brown, or to make someone's body or skin, etc. brown, from being in the sun 晒成棕褐色的肤色
• Her skin tans very quickly in the summer. 她的皮肤在夏天很容易晒黑。
• I need to tan my legs before the holiday. 我需要把腿晒黑才去渡假。
• Tanned workmen were sitting around the dock. 皮肤晒得黑黝黝的工人在码头围坐。
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
LEATHER 皮革
transitive
■to change animal skin into leather using special chemicals such as tannin 鞣（革）；用鞣酸将（兽皮）制成皮革
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
tan sb's hide (UK also tan the hide off sb) old-fashioned
■to beat someone 揍（某人）
• I'll tan his hide if I catch him. 如果我抓到他，一定会把他揍扁。
[tæn] abbreviation written abbreviation for
■ tangent (TRIANGLE)
tag, tar, tap, tan
tag: 标签，货签；
tar: 柏油，焦油
tap: 水龙头，轻拍，利用，开发；
tan: 晒黑成棕褐色，鞭打；
n. 棕褐色； [皮革] 鞣料；马戏团
 - circus, Circus Troupe
adj. 黄褐色的；鞣皮的
 - fulvous, snuffcoloured

Word: protector
Front: protector
[prəˈtektə(r)] (9650/9863 -1)
Vocabulary: protector
(once / 610 pages)
n
A protector is someone who takes care of you. In most families, part of the parents' job is to be their children's protectors.
A museum guard is a protector of valuable artworks, and a Great Pyrenees dog might work as the protector of a flock of sheep, barking at predators. You can tell from the word protector that it's all about protecting, or keeping safe from harm. In Latin, protect means "covered in front," from the verb protegere and its roots pro-, "in front" and tegere, "to cover."
WORD FAMILY
protector: protectors, protectorship+/ overprotect: overprotected, overprotecting, overprotection, overprotects/ protect: overprotect, protected, protecting, protection, protective, protector, protects/protected: unprotected/protecting: protectingly/ protection: protectionism, protections, self-protection/ protectionism: protectionist/protectionist: protectionists/ protective: overprotective, protectively, protectiveness, unprotective/unprotected: unprotectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Helpmate, backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He was not the only seemingly tireless proponent — and protector — of Mr. Trump’s political pursuits.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 防护器，保护装置; 保护者; 护国公; [英史]摄政者
分布：保护装置(49%)，保护人(41%)，保护物(10%)
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■someone who protects someone or something 保护者
• Philip II considered himself the protector of the Catholic Church. 腓力二世将自己看作天主教的守护者。
• She has a reputation for being an ardent protector of individuals' liberties. 她是个有名的个人自由的热情捍卫者。
■a piece of equipment that protects someone 保护装置，保护物
• a back and chest protector 胸背保护装置
n. [油气] [安全] 保护器；保护者； [电] 保护装置；防御者
 - shield, tutamen

Word: inefficient
Front: inefficient
[ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃnt] (四六 9644/7777 -2)
Vocabulary: inefficient
(once / 1456 pages)
adj
Inefficient things waste time, money, or other resources. Your old inefficient dishwasher uses much more water and electricity than a new model would. Shame on you.
Inefficient businesses have trouble making money and growing, and an inefficient city bus system might transport just a few passengers at a time. If your car is inefficient, it gets terrible gas mileage and is expensive to drive. If something is efficient, it's productive and inexpensive. Inefficient has the opposite meaning, which is clear from the "not" prefix in-.
WORD FAMILY
inefficient: inefficiency, inefficiently+/ efficiency: efficiencies/ efficient: efficiency, efficiently, inefficient /inefficiency: inefficiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I was inefficient with my energy,” he said, with a shrug.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
They are inefficient, expensive to heat, cool and maintain, and they don’t fit the needs of the modern workplace, the Army says.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Surely it’s not surprising that the Pentagon is inefficient and would prefer to pretend it’s not.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无效率的，无能的; 不称职的; 徒劳的
分布：无效率的(47%)，无能的(30%)，不称职的(23%)
→in-,不，非，efficient,有效率的。
adjective
■not organized, skilled or able to work satisfactorily 低效率的；能力差的
• Existing methods of production are expensive and inefficient. 现行的生产方法既昂贵效率又低。
• I'm hopelessly inefficient at mending things. 我永远也不会修理东西。
insufficient, inefficient, incompetent, ineffective
insufficient: 不充分的
inefficient: 效率低的
incompetent: 不胜任的
ineffective: 无效果的
adj. 无效率的，效率低的；无能的
 - helpless, talentless

Word: implicitly
Front: implicitly
[ɪm'plɪsɪtlɪ] (9641/8775)
Vocabulary: implicitly
(once / 1954 pages)
adv
When you express something indirectly, you say it implicitly. Your sister might implicitly suggest that you're the one who ate the last cookie by glaring at you then looking at the empty plate.
When you communicate something implicitly, you don't say it directly. Instead, you might drop hints or let your actions express it, like when a teacher doesn't stop a kid from bullying another, which implicitly says it's okay to bully. Implicitly can also be a synonym for absolutely — you trust your best friend implicitly: completely, without any reservations.
WORD FAMILY
implicit: implicitly, implicitness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both also saw themselves as defenders of an American culture that was implicitly white, or even explicitly so.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is one of the most beautiful sights in the show — with a subtly planar structure seems implicitly modern.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
On 14 November the society posted an explanation for its swift action to withdraw the statement that implicitly points a finger at Lubell’s shop.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 含蓄地; 暗示地; 无疑问地; 无保留地
分布：含蓄地(44%)，暗中地(42%)，毫不保留地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
不言明的;含蓄的
Something that is implicit is expressed in an indirect way.
例：This is seen as an implicit warning not to continue with military action...这被视为一个停止军事行动的含蓄警告。
例：Branagh says that it was his intention to make explicit in the film what was only implicit in the play.布莱纳说他的用意是将剧本中的隐晦含意在电影中清晰明白地表现出来。
ADJ
内含的;固有的
If a quality or element is implicit in something, it is involved in it or is shown by it.
例：...the delays implicit in formal council meetings...正式的政务会议所惯有的耽搁延迟
例：Try and learn from the lessons implicit in the failure of your marriage.要努力从失败婚姻中吸取教训。
ADJ-GRADED
无疑问的;无保留的;绝对的
If you say that someone has an implicit belief or faith in something, you mean that they have complete faith in it and no doubts at all.
例：He had implicit faith in the noble intentions of the Emperor.他对皇帝的高尚意图深信不疑。
adv. 含蓄地；暗中地
 - furtively, clandestinely

Word: prominently
Front: prominently
['prɒmɪnəntlɪ] (9654/11344)
Back: adv. 显著地，重要地
分布：显著地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
重要的；杰出的；著名的
Someone who is prominent is important.
例：...a prominent member of the Law Society.法律协会的重要成员
例：...the children of very prominent or successful parents.杰出或成功人士的孩子
ADJ-GRADED
显著的；突出的；鲜艳的；引人注目的
Something that is prominent is very noticeable or is an important part of something else.
例：Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.这里窗户在设计中起着非常重要的作用。
例：...Romania's most prominent independent newspaper.罗马尼亚最著名的独立报纸
adv. 显著地
 - remarkably, notably, noticeably, markedly

Word: unto
Front: unto
[ˈʌntə] (9648/9647 -1)
Back: prep. 对，向; 直到; 在…旁边
分布：给(52%)，对(27%)，直到(20%)，在 ... 旁边(1%)
→un-，直到，来自ant, 前面，词源同ante-, anterior, to, 朝向。比较until.
old use
preposition
■to 朝，向，到
• And the Lord spake unto (= spoke to) him. 上帝对他说了话。
prep. 到，直到；向（等于to）
 - towards, at, to, till, on

Word: cyclist
Front: cyclist
[ˈsaɪklɪst] (高 9646/6689 -1)
Back: n. 骑自行车（脚踏车）的人
分布：骑自行车的人(100%)
noun countable
■someone who rides a bicycle 骑脚踏车的人
n. 骑自行车的人
 - biker

Word: oppressive
Front: oppressive
[əˈpresɪv] (9660/8659 -1)
Vocabulary: oppressive
(once / 918 pages)
adj
Think of something crushing you, and you will understand what oppressive is. It can be something that crushes your spirit, like a bad relationship, or something that crushes you with its tyranny, like the oppressive rule of a dictator.
Oppressive comes in many flavors; laws can be oppressive, governments can be oppressive, even relationships can be oppressive. The adjective oppressive is heavy stuff; it can feel like you can't breathe, like something is choking you: "His oppressive behavior made me feel like I was being smothered." If something is just too intense, and not in a good way, that also can feel oppressive.
WORD FAMILY
oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness+/ oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor / oppression: oppressions/ oppressor: oppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
To Clark, the cruelty only reinforced her ideas about the oppressive system.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
“The wallpaper is a bit oppressive,” Julieta observes, and she’s being kind.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Syria’s opposition, to them, are agents of Saudi Arabia’s Wahhabism and the United States’ imperialism, rather than people who rose up against an oppressive regime.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉重的; 压迫的; 压抑的; 沉闷
分布：压迫的(41%)，压抑的(36%)，沉重的(18%)，闷热难受的(5%)
→来自oppress,压制，压迫，-ive,形容词后缀。
adjective
CRUEL 暴虐的
■cruel and unfair 压迫的；压制的；暴虐的
• an oppressive government/military regime 暴虐的政府／军事政权
[ə'pres.ɪv] adjective
FEELINGS 感觉
■causing anxiety 令人焦躁的；令人压抑的；令人烦恼的
• an oppressive silence 令人难耐的静寂
■If the weather or heat is oppressive, it is too hot and there is no wind （天气）闷热的，令人窒息的
• We were unable to sleep because of the oppressive heat. 天气闷热得令人窒息，我们难以入睡。
adj. 压迫的；沉重的；压制性的；难以忍受的
 - heavy, impossible

Word: thermometer
Front: thermometer
[θəˈmɒmɪtə(r)] (研四六托雅 9651/15038 -1)
Vocabulary: thermometer
(once / 1044 pages)
n
A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature — how hot or cold something is. Thermometers are used to see if you have a fever or tell you how cold it is outside.
Made up of thermo (heat) and meter (measuring device), the meaning of the word thermometer is pretty straightforward. Thermometers measure temperatures in degrees, according to either the Celsius or Fahrenheit system. Meteorologists use thermometers to find out how hot it is or if it's below freezing. Doctors use thermometers to check your body temperature — a very high or low body temperature means you're sick.
WORD FAMILY
thermometer: thermometers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boil the liquid for 10 minutes, then remove from heat and set aside until a thermometer inserted in the liquid reaches 175 degrees Fahrenheit.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The National Weather Service said the thermometer dipped to 27 degrees below zero in Limon.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
“The number and way women are killed serves as a thermometer of violence and impunity.”
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 温度计; 体温表
分布：温度计(100%)
→therm-,热，热量，-meter,仪器。
温度计(thermo热+meter)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
温度计(therm+o+meter测量)[therm=heat,表示"热"]
n.温度计The veteran in velvet found that the diameter of the thermometer was one metre.穿天鹅绒的老兵发现温度计的直径为一米.
【记】thermo温度，meter测量
【参】thermal（adj 热的；热量的）
US [θɚ'mɑ:.mə.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a device used for measuring temperature, especially of the air or in a person's body 温度计；体温计
n. [仪] 温度计； [医] 体温计
 - temperature gauge, temperature meter

Word: convert
Front: convert
[kənˈvɜ:t] (研四六托雅宝 2895/2245 -K3)
Vocabulary: convert
(once / 118 pages)
1v 2vn 3v 4v
Think of the word convert as meaning "change," whether it is a person who adopts a new belief, or a changing action, such as when you convert dollars into euros.
Many times we can catch a word's meaning by looking at its origins. In this case, the Latin con means "around," while vertere means "turn." So we can figure that convert means to "turn around," an object or one's thoughts on an idea. For example, you might convert a meat eater into a vegetarian or an empty-nester might convert the kids' bedroom into an exercise room.
WORD FAMILY
convert: conversion, converted, converter, convertible, converting, convertor, converts, reconvert+/ conversion: conversions/converted: unconverted/converter: converters/ convertible: convertibility, convertibles, convertibly, inconvertible, unconvertible/convertor: convertors/inconvertible: inconvertibility/reconvert: reconverted, reconverting, reconverts/unconvertible: unconvertibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unfortunately, Robinson converted just 73 of those targets into receptions.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A wealth ratio is a measure of how effectively you’ve converted your lifetime income into wealth.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
King Spa opened here in 2003 in a converted warehouse and office building.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. （使）转变; 使皈依; 兑换，换算; 侵占
vi. 经过转变; 被改变; [橄榄球] 触地得分后得附加分
n. 皈依者; 改变宗教信仰者
时态：converted, converting, converts
分布：转化(65%)，兑换(13%)，换算(9%)，皈依者(8%)，改变信仰的人(3%)，使…改变信仰(2%)
→con-, 强调。-vert, 转，词源同versus, invert. 该词主要用于宗教用语，意为皈依。
转化;改造(con共同+vert→共同转→转化)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
v.变换,转换;改变(信仰等);兑换(钱)I averted my eyes from the diverse advertisements for the invert converter.我把目光从花样繁多的倒置转换器广告上移开.
【参】conversion（n 转变；皈依）
US [-ˈvɜ˞ːt]
CHANGE 转变
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something or someone to) change in form, character, or opinion （使）改变，（使）转变；（使）改信；（使）皈依
• Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom? 我们能把这间小睡房改建成第二间浴室吗？
• What's the formula for converting pounds into kilos? 把磅换算成千克的公式是甚么？
• He converted to (= started believing in) Catholicism when he got married. 他婚后信奉了天主教。
• I used not to like exercise, but my sister has converted me (to it). 我以前不喜欢锻炼，但我姐姐改变了我。
verb UK [kənˈvɜːt] US [-ˈvɜ˞ːt]
RUGBY 橄榄球
transitive
■in rugby, to score more points after a try by kicking the ball over the bar and between the posts （在橄榄球赛中）（触地得分后再射）球从球门架横木之上或两球门柱之间穿过将获得更多分数
noun countable UK [ˈkɒn.vɜːt] US [ˈkɑːn.vɜ˞ːt/
■someone who changes their beliefs, habits, or way of living 改变信仰（或习惯、生活方式）的人
• a Christian/Buddhist convert 信奉基督教／佛教者
• a convert to vegetarianism/wholemeal bread 改食素食者／全麦面包者
turn, transform, change, modify, convert, vary, alter
这组词都有“变化，改变”的意思，其区别是：
turn: 指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗。
transform: 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。
change: 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
modify: 强调起限定作用的变化或变更。指细小的变化，常含“缓和、降调”的意味。
convert: 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。
vary: 暗示不规则或断断续续地变。
alter: 常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。
transform, rectify, adjust, modify, convert, amend, vary, alter, regulate
这组词都有“调整、改变”的意思，其区别是：
transform: v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。
 • Remodeling transformed an old, dark house into a cheerful one.   重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。
rectify: v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。
 • He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.   他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
adjust: v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。
 • I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.   我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
modify: v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。
 • He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.   他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。
convert: v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。
 • Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.   英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。
 • He's converted to Catholicism.   他已经皈依天主教。
amend: v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。
 • The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.   政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。
vary: v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。
 • Air fares vary from one airline to another.   航空公司的机票价格各不相同。
alter: v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。
 • The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.   裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。
regulate: v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有"控制"之意。
 • Lights are used to regulate the traffic.   红绿灯被用来管制交通。
fluctuate, alteration, change, modify, convert, shift（in）, alternation, alter, variations
fluctuate: 没有规律的上下波动
alteration: 强调细节的变化
change: 强调某种本质的变化
modify: “更改，修改”程度略小并有趋缓之意
convert: 用途上的改变，也作态度和信仰的变化
shift（in）: 转换，转变
alternation: 轮流，交替（take turn）
alter: 细枝末节的修改，而非脱胎换骨
variations: 指不规则的或断续的改变，或指一种东西改成了不同样式
invert, transform, revert, convert
这组词都有“转变”的意思，其区别是：
invert: v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
 • The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.   婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。
transform: v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
 • A little paint will soon transform the old house.   刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
revert: v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
 • John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.   约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
convert: v.转变，变换，含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
 • He wants to convert to Catholicism.   他要皈依天主教。
vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰
 - transform, shift
n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者
 - idolater, proselytizer

Word: savvy
Front: savvy
[ˈsævi] (宝 9659/39765)
Vocabulary: savvy
(once / 3422 pages)
nv
You are known as someone with a lot of business savvy, but only because you've managed to keep your staggering debts a secret. Which is actually pretty savvy. Someone who is savvy is shrewd and perceptive.
Most English words stem directly from other European languages, like French and Latin. Not savvy. It comes from the West Indies, a twist on the French savez vous? — “Do you know?” Savvy was first recorded in its adjective form in 1905. Synonyms for the noun form include acumen, discernment, grasp, perception, and sharpness.
WORD FAMILY
savvy: savvied, savvier, savvies, savviest, savvying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their mission: to promote Mr. Xi and the ruling Communist Party in a voice that resonates with China’s digitally savvy millennials.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As savvy politicians, they are exploiting the American election for their own purposes.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Added senior linebacker Brandon Bell: “He’s really savvy. He moves better than you want him to. … It will definitely be a test.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 知道，了解
n. 机智; 头脑; 理解; 悟性
adj. 有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的
时态：savvied, savvying, savvies
分布：悟性(43%)，理解(20%)，机智的(13%)，理解能力(10%)，常识(9%)，有常识的(5%)
→加勒比混杂英语，借自法语 savez-vous,是否知道，来自 savez,知道，词源同 savant,vous,你， 词源同 rendezvous.电影《加勒比海盗》中杰克船长口头禅。
【记】savv＝saw锯，y：发明锯子的鲁班－有才智的
【反】tactless（adj 不老练的）；simplicity（n 头脑简单；直率）
['sæv.i] informal
noun uncountable
■practical knowledge and ability 常识；知识；能力
• She hasn't got much savvy. 她的水准还不够。
• business savvy 专业知识
n. 悟性；理解能力
 - savey
vt. 理解；懂
 - see, absorb, read, seize
vi. 理解；知道
 - cotton on, get at

Word: arousal
Front: arousal
[ə'raʊzl] (9686/10768)
Back: n. 觉醒; 激励
分布：唤醒(49%)，激发(32%)，激励(16%)，鼓励(3%)
N-UNCOUNT
（性欲的）激起，激发
Arousal is the state of being sexually excited.
例：...sexual arousal...性欲的激起
例：Use this technique to control your level of arousal.用这种方法来控制性兴奋程度。
N-UNCOUNT
唤起;激起
Arousal is a state in which you feel excited or very alert, for example as a result of fear, stress, or anger.
例：Thinking angry thoughts can provoke strong physiological arousal.想着生气的事情能激起强烈的生理反应。
n. [心理] 觉醒；激励
 - stimulus, animation, excitation

Word: finite
Front: finite
[ˈfaɪnaɪt] (研六雅宝 9670/8060 -1)
Vocabulary: finite
(once / 127 pages)
1adj 2adj
Calling something finite means it has an end or finishing point. "Don't worry, it's a bad dentist appointment but you have to remember that it's finite; you won't be doing it forever."
Most people are far more familiar with the word finite when they see it inside the word infinite, or without end. Finite can be used for conceptual things like time, "We have to get out of here, we only have a finite amount of time," and for more tangible things like beans or dirt, "We have to be careful with the cooking, we only have a finite amount of fuel." You might want to think of things being finito — a word that looks a lot like finite — to remember that it means, with an end.
WORD FAMILY
finite: finitely, finiteness, infinite, non-finite+/ infinite: infinitely, infiniteness, infinites, infinity / infinity: infinities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attention is finite, it’s true — but it is also trainable.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Conservatives believe that finite and fallen creatures are often wrong.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
And guests get the cars for only a finite amount of time, generally four hours.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 有限的; [语]限定的; [数]有穷的，有限的
n. 有限性; 有限的事物
分布：有限的(100%)
→来自拉丁语finis, 终结，边界，词源同finish.引申义有边界的，有限制的。
有限的(fin+ite表形容词)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
a.有限的;[数]有穷的,限定的Time is finite and infinite. I defy the indefinite definition.时间既是有限的又是无限的.我公然对抗这个模糊的定义.
【记】fin（结束，范围）－范围有限的final（adj 最后的；决定性的）
adjective
LIMITED 有限的
■having a limit or end 有限的；有限制的；有尽的
• The funds available for the health service are finite and we cannot afford to waste money. 用于公共医疗服务的资金是有限的，我们浪费不起。
• We only have a finite amount of time to complete this task - we can't continue indefinitely. 我们须在有限的时间内完成这项任务，不能无限期地做下去。
['faɪ.naɪt] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■in a form that shows the tense and subject of a verb, rather than the infinitive form or a participle （动词的形式）限定的
• In the following sentence 'go' is finite: "I often go to the cinema." 在句子 I often go to the cinema 中，go 是限定动词。
adj. 有限的；限定的
 - limited, narrow

Word: mow
Front: mow
[məʊ] (9661/14782 -1)
Vocabulary: mow
(once / 1416 pages)
1vn 2v
When you clip grass or other plants, you mow it. If you realize your front lawn is taller than your dog, it might be time to mow it.
People with grassy lawns usually mow them throughout the growing season, keeping them neatly trimmed and green. Farmers mow some food crops and hay as well, when they're ready to be harvested, although they use different tools to do it, including a curved blade called a scythe. An old-fashioned meaning of mow is "a stack of hay," or "a place where hay is stored."
WORD FAMILY
mow: mowed, mower, mowing, mows+/mower: mowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But superintendent Jeff Mow says visitor feedback was almost always positive.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
To be honest, she rammed the curb so many times I was afraid she might eventually mow us all down.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
In July, a Tunisian-born man drove a 19-ton truck along the beachfront in Nice, mowing down 86 people during French Bastille Day celebrations.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 刈，割; 扫射; 皱眉头; 扮鬼脸
n. 干草堆; 干草堆积处; 鬼脸
时态：mowed, mowing, mows
分布：刈(39%)，草堆(17%)，鬼脸(17%)，谷物堆(11%)，扫射(11%)，扮鬼脸(5%)
→来自古英语mmawan,割，来自me,割，割草，割谷，可能是拟声词，词源同meadow.
US [moʊ] (mowed, mown or mowed)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to cut plants, such as grass or wheat, which have long thin stems and grow close together 刈，割（草、谷类植物等）
• You can't mow the grass/lawn if it's wet. 草（坪）上有水时不能修剪。
• I love the smell of new -mown hay. 我喜欢新割下的干草的气味。
UK [məʊ] US [moʊ] (mowed, mown or mowed)
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mow sb down
■to kill people, usually in large numbers, by shooting them or driving a vehicle into them 杀死，撂倒，撞死（某人）
• Three shoppers were mown down this afternoon when a drunken driver lost control of his car. 今天下午一名醉酒司机驾车失控，撞死三名购物者。
n. 草堆；皱眉；谷堆
 - mowe
vi. 割草；收割庄稼
 - harvest

Word: disdain
Front: disdain
[dɪsˈdeɪn] (研托雅宝 9653/14143 -1)
Vocabulary: disdain
(once / 426 pages)
nv
If you feel that something isn't worthy of your consideration, you may disdain it (or treat it with disdain).
In Old French, deignier meant "to treat something as worthy." To disdain something, then, is to treat it with contempt: "Management at [the company] displayed a certain disdain for safety and appeared to regard safety-conscious workers as wimps in the organization." As a verb, disdain carries an air of self-righteousness not associated with similar words like despise, abhor, detest, loathe and scorn. So if you disdain something, you might reject it with a haughty scoff, "Ha!"
WORD FAMILY
disdain: disdained, disdainful, disdaining, disdains+/ disdainful: disdainfully, disdainfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps you read that and nodded, “Done! Next!” solely based on a general disdain for reality television.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
They experienced elite disdain for Trump as evidence he might be the one to turn it around.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Playing up his Southern backwoods roots, his military career and his disdain of the political establishment, he treated politics as a form of performance art.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鄙视，轻蔑
vt. 鄙视; 不屑于做，不愿意做
时态：disdained, disdaining, disdains
分布：蔑视(55%)，轻蔑(45%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-dain, 同-dign, 尊贵，词源同dignity, decent.即使不尊贵，蔑视。
【记】dis不，dai戴n象帽子：武警官兵不戴帽子见老江：轻视dis不，dain＝dign高贵，值得－不高贵－鄙视
【参】dignity（n 尊严；高贵）；deign（v 屈尊）；disdainful（adj 轻蔑的）
【反】treat favorably（亲切地对待）；adulation（n 阿谀奉承）
[dɪs'deɪn] formal
noun uncountable
■when you dislike someone or something and think that they do not deserve your interest or respect 轻视，蔑视，鄙视
• He regards the political process with disdain. 他对这一政治进程持鄙视的态度。
[dɪs'deɪn] formal
verb transitive
■to feel disdain for someone or something 鄙视，蔑视，轻视
• The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music. 老一代音乐家鄙视新出现的摇滚风格的音乐。
disdain to do sth
■to refuse to do something because you feel too important to do it 不屑于做…
n. 蔑视
 - defiance, snotnose

Word: cape
Front: cape
[keɪp] (研六雅宝 8474/6613 -2)
Vocabulary: cape
(once / 186 pages)
1n 2n
Superman is easily recognizable by his red cape, a sleeveless garment that hangs from his shoulders and rustles in the wind when he flies.
The word cape comes from the Latin cappa meaning "covering for the head." Capes aren't just worn by superheroes. A poncho is a type of cape that you wear in the rain to stay dry. Speaking of water, a cape is also a stretch of land that extends into a body of water — like Cape Cod, which extends into the Atlantic Ocean.
WORD FAMILY
cape: capes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The hike begins at Cape Lookout State Park’s main trailhead south of Tillamook.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Navy says the Coast Guard was notified of a capsized kayak in Chesapeake Bay not far from Cape Charles Wednesday morning.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The second game in the three-match series starts in Cape Town on 2 January.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 斗篷; 披肩; 海角; 岬
分布：披肩(49%)，海角(27%)，岬(24%)
→1.披肩，词源同cap, 帽子。
海角,岬[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风A bicycle cape will protect you from rain.雨披可以使你不被淋湿.
【记】cap头，角－像头一样伸向海里－海角拼：擦破。披肩可以防止擦破；像头一样伸向海里容易被船擦破
noun countable
LAND 陆地
■a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea 岬；海角
• the Cape of Good Hope 好望角
[keɪp] noun countable
COAT 外套
■a type of loose coat without sleeves, which is fastened at the neck and hangs from the shoulders 披肩；披风；斗篷
n. [地理] 海角，岬；披肩
 - ness, promontory

Word: unnatural
Front: unnatural
[ʌnˈnætʃrəl] (9663/8550 -1)
Vocabulary: unnatural
(once / 489 pages)
adj
Something unnatural is strange, fake, or abnormal. If you dye your hair hot pink, it's going to look unnatural — especially to your conservative grandparents.
It's unnatural for a wild animal to live inside someone's house; it goes against the way the animal normally lives in its natural environment. You could also describe your bright blue bottle of juice as an unnatural color. And if you try to impress someone by speaking in a French accent, that would also be unnatural. Unnatural adds the "not" prefix un- to natural, which comes from the Latin word naturalis, "by birth," or "according to nature."
WORD FAMILY
unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness+/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic / naturalist: naturalists/ naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/ supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bangkok Post newspaper reported that authorities suspected an unnatural death.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
It would be unnatural if the theater didn’t register the collective consternation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Wonderfully unnatural, Steinkamp’s apples, oranges, pears, plums and peaches resemble the offspring of an old-fashioned slot machine’s whirling symbols and a galaxy on the fritz.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 不自然的，做作的; 奇异的; 不真诚的; 违背人性的，变态的
分布：不自然的(75%)，反常的(15%)，不近人情的(10%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not natural 不自然的；勉强的；反常的
adj. 不自然的；反常的；不近人情的
 - abnormal, campy

Word: skin
Front: skin
[skɪn] (高研四六雅 1019/1289 -K4)
Back: n. 皮，皮肤; （蔬菜，水果等）外皮; 毛皮
vt. 剥皮，削皮; 擦破皮，擦伤; 欺骗
vi. 使愈合，长皮
adj. <俚>色情的
时态：skinned, skinning, skins
分布：皮肤(91%)，外皮(3%)，剥皮(3%)，削皮(1%)，皮囊(1%)，生气(1%)
→来自古诺斯语 skinn,兽皮，毛皮，来自 Proto-Germanic*skintha,分开，剥皮，来自 sken, 砍，切，来自 sek,砍，切，词源同 segment,shear.后词义通用化为皮肤。
n.皮,皮肤;兽皮,皮毛;外皮,外壳v.剥皮The sinful single singer's finger skin is singular.有罪的单身歌手的手指皮肤独特.
noun
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■the natural outer layer which covers a person, animal, fruit, etc. 皮肤；皮
• dark/fair/pale/tanned skin 暗黑／白晰／苍白／棕褐色的皮肤
• skin cancer 皮肤癌
• Babies have soft skins. 婴儿皮肤柔嫩。
• Native Americans used to trade skins (= the skins of animals that have been removed from the body, with or without the hair). 印第安人过去曾买卖兽皮。
• a banana/potato skin 香蕉／马铃薯皮
countable or uncountable
■any outer covering 外壳
• The bullet pierced the skin of the aircraft. 子弹击穿了飞机的外壳。
only singular
■a thin solid surface which forms on some liquids, such as paint, when they are left in the air, or others, such as heated milk, when they are left to cool （某些液体置于空气中或冷却后形成的）膜，薄层
countable specialized
■the part of a computer program that you can change in order to make pictures, designs, colours, etc. look different on a screen 面板（电脑程式的一部分，你可以改变它，以便使萤幕上显示不同的图片、图案、颜色等）
• Many electronic devices let you create your own skins. 许多电子设备都允许使用者创造个性化的外观介面。
drenched/soaked/wet to the skin
■extremely wet 湿透的
• We had no umbrellas so we got soaked to the skin in the pouring rain. 我们没带伞，所以在倾盆大雨中被淋湿透了。
thin/thick skin
■easily/not easily upset by criticism 脸皮薄／厚
• I don't worry about what he says - I have a very thick skin. 我不在意他说的话——我脸皮非常厚。
⇒ See also thick-skinned;thin-skinned
[skɪn] noun
be no skin off sb's nose (US also be no skin off sb's back/teeth)
■used when you want to say that it makes no difference to you what someone else does or thinks 与（某人）毫不相干；（某人）毫不在乎
• It's no skin off my nose if you don't take my advice. 你就算不听我的建议，我也一点不在乎。
[skɪn] noun
be skin and bone(s)
■to be extremely thin 瘦得皮包骨
• She was (just) skin and bone(s). 她骨瘦如柴。
[skɪn] noun
by the skin of your teeth
■If you do something by the skin of your teeth, you only just succeed in doing it 侥幸成功，勉强完成
• He escaped from the secret police by the skin of his teeth. 他从秘密员警手里侥幸逃脱。
[skɪn] noun
get under sb's skin
■to annoy someone 激怒某人，惹（某人）生气
• Jack really gets under my skin - he never buys anyone a drink. 杰克真的让我生气——他从来不请人喝东西。
[skɪn] noun
jump/leap out of your skin
■to be extremely surprised by something 大吃一惊
• The loud noise made me jump out of my skin. 巨大的声响吓了我一大跳。
[skɪn] noun
make sb's skin crawl
■If someone or something makes your skin crawl, you think they are very unpleasant or frightening 使某人起鸡皮疙瘩（如果某人或某物使你起鸡皮疙瘩，则你认为该人或该物非常令人不快或令人恐惧）
• Just thinking about the way he had touched her made her skin crawl. 只要一想到他触摸她的方式，就让我浑身起鸡皮疙瘩。
[skɪn] verb transitive (-nn-)
■to remove the skin of something 剥掉…的皮，去掉…的皮
• The hunters skinned the deer they had killed. 猎人们将他们猎杀的鹿剥了皮。
• I skinned my knee (= hurt my knee by rubbing skin off it) when I fell down the steps. 我从台阶上摔下来时磨破了膝盖。
[skɪn] verb transitive (-nn-)
skin sb alive informal humorous
■to punish or tell someone off severely 活剥（某人）的皮，狠狠责罚（某人）
• My mother will skin me alive for being so late home. 这么晚回家，我妈妈会活活剥了我的皮。
hide, fur, peel, leather, skin
这组词都有“皮，皮肤”的意思，其区别是：
hide: 多指大型动物的厚皮，也指没有鞣的牛、马等皮革。
fur: 现多指猫、兔等动物软毛皮，也指其它动物的毛皮。
peel: 指剩下的或可以剥去的果皮或蔬菜皮。
leather: 通常指经过加工的熟皮，可用于制作各种皮革制品。
skin: 最常用词，指人的皮肤或动物的皮，也可指水果、植物和种子等的外皮。
n. [解剖] 皮肤；外皮
 - dermis, cutis
vt. 剥皮
 - shell, decorticate
vi. 愈合；长皮
 - heal over, close up

Word: trafficking
Front: trafficking
[ˈtræfikɪŋ] (9676/16848)
Back: n. 非法交易
分布：游览(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
车流;交通
Traffic refers to all the vehicles that are moving along the roads in a particular area.
例：There was heavy traffic on the roads...道路上车流拥挤。
例：Traffic was unusually light for that time of day.对于一天中的那个时间段而言，来往车辆少得有些不寻常。
N-UNCOUNT
(海上、铁路或空中的)交通，通行;(客、货)运输量
Traffic refers to the movement of ships, trains, or aircraft between one place and another. Traffic also refers to the people and goods that are being transported.
例：Air traffic had returned to normal...空中交通已恢复正常。
例：The railways will carry a far higher proportion of freight traffic...铁路将承担比例高得多的货运量。
N-UNCOUNT
(毒品、赃物等的)非法买卖，非法交易
Traffic in something such as drugs or stolen goods is an illegal trade in them.
例：Traffic in illicit drugs was now worth some 500 thousand million dollars a year.如今每年非法毒品的交易值约在 5,000 亿美元。
VERB
非法买卖(毒品、赃物等)
Someone who traffics in something such as drugs or stolen goods buys and sells them even though it is illegal to do so.
例：The president said illegal drugs are hurting the entire world and anyone who traffics in them should be brought to justice.总统称毒品正在危害整个世界，任何非法贩卖毒品的人都应依法受到惩处。

Word: impart
Front: impart
[ɪmˈpɑ:t] (研六托雅宝 9673/9511 -1)
Vocabulary: impart
(once / 435 pages)
v
Let me impart a little bit of knowledge to you about the word impart. It means to pass on, transmit, or bestow. If you share this with your study partner, you are imparting your new wisdom.
Studying imparts confidence as well as information, long life imparts wisdom, and anise seed imparts the flavor of licorice. Your mother can impart the importance of dressing neatly each and every day. Though it shares a root with the word part, impart doesn't mean to split into pieces, but rather to divide or share with another. Let me impart this message to you — always do your part!
WORD FAMILY
impart: impartation, imparted, imparting, imparts
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is also a tribute to the architecture, which imparts to a long visit moments of elation and grace.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Hops are flowers of the hop plant, and they’re used to impart flavor and aroma to beer.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The nitrogen imparts a sweetness to coffee, helping to reduce the amount of sugar needed.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 给予; 告知，透露; 传授
时态：imparted, imparting, imparts
分布：传授(74%)，赋予(15%)，告知(11%)
→im-,进入，使，part,部分。即使成为一部分，引申词义通知，传授。
传授;告知(im进入+part→进入知识的一部分→传授)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
vt.传授,给予;告知,通知She imparted the secret to her boyfriend.她把秘密向孩她的男朋友透露了.
【记】im进入，part部分－成为你的一部分－告知你一件事情
US [-'pɑ:rt] formal
verb transitive
■to communicate information to someone 传授；告知
• to impart the bad news 告知坏消息
• I was rather quiet as I didn't feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject. 我没怎么说话，因为我觉得自己在这个问题上谈不出甚么高见。
■to give something a particular feeling, quality or taste 赋予，给予
• Preservatives can impart colour and flavour to a product. 防腐剂能保持产品的色泽和味道。
vt. 给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露
 - afford, allow, deal, reveal, extend

Word: parachute
Front: parachute
[ˈpærəʃu:t] (研六托雅 9674/8089 -1)
Vocabulary: parachute
(once / 2957 pages)
nv
A parachute fills with air and breaks the fall of someone falling from an airplane.
If your airplane is in trouble, and you need to jump, your best friend is a parachute. That's the device people jumping from airplanes use to slow down their falls. A parachute fills up like a balloon, slowing the person down so they fall to the ground gently and safely. People who jump out of planes for fun also use parachutes. When you do this, you're parachuting. Whether for fun or because of your plane's mechanical failure, parachuting is exciting.
WORD FAMILY
parachute: parachuted, parachuter, parachutes, parachuting, parachutist+/parachuter: parachuters/parachutist: parachutists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other approaches focus on netting drones, either via bigger drones or by guns firing a net and a parachute via compressed gas.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Though Mr. Johnson’s investment group was outmaneuvered, he was perhaps the biggest winner, walking away with a “golden parachute” payment of about $50 million.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The Guinness Book of World Records says the plunge was from a height of 33,000 feet, the longest recorded fall without a parachute.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 降落伞; 降落伞状物; [植]风散种子
vt. & vi. 用降落伞投送; 用降落伞降落
vi. 跳伞
时态：parachuted, parachuting, parachutes
分布：降落伞(74%)，跳伞(25%)，缓降物(1%)
→para-,保护，防御，chute,下降，管道，词源同deciduous.即减弱下降力道的工具，引申词义降落伞。
降落伞(para+chute降下)[para-①表示"半,类似,辅助"②表示"在旁边"③表示"降落伞"]
n.降落伞v.跳伞Having checked the parameters of the apparatus, the paralysed parasite went to the paradise by parachute.检查过仪器的参数后,瘫痪的寄生虫乘降落伞到天堂去了.
US ['per-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of equipment made of a large piece of special cloth which is fastened to someone or something that is dropped from an aircraft, in order to make them fall slowly and safely to the ground 降落伞
UK ['pær.ə.ʃu:t] US ['per-] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to jump from an aircraft using a parachute 跳伞
• The plan is to parachute into the town. 计划是要跳伞进入该城。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to drop someone or something from an aircraft by parachute （用降落伞）空投，空降
• [often passive] Thousands of leaflets were parachuted behind enemy lines. 数千份传单被空投至敌后。
n. [航] 降落伞
 - chute
vi. 跳伞
 - to bail out

Word: vibrate
Front: vibrate
[vaɪˈbreɪt] (研四六托雅宝 9666/12102 -1)
Vocabulary: vibrate
(once / 465 pages)
v
When you feel something vibrate, it trembles and shakes. A mild earthquake, for example, might make your chandelier vibrate.
A hummingbird's wings vibrate, and so does an electric toothbrush. That extremely rapid back-and-forth movement is what happens when something vibrates. Something can also vibrate in a more musical, resonant way — the sound of an organ might vibrate through a church, for example. The root is the Latin word vibratus, which means "move quickly to and fro or shake."
WORD FAMILY
vibrate: vibrancy, vibrated, vibrates, vibrating, vibration, vibrator, vibratory+/ vibrancy: vibrancies/ vibration: vibrational, vibrations/vibrator: vibrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They were vibrating. It was time for them to do something different,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Yet they press against the surrounding black, holding the surface in a vibrating equilibrium.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Big Sur is my favorite place in the world, one of those places that vibrates,” Garfield says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）振动[颤动]; 摆动; 犹豫; 激动
时态：vibrated, vibrating, vibrates
分布：颤动(89%)，回响(11%)
→来自拉丁语vibrare,前后移动，颤动，来自weip,转，摇摆，来自wei的扩大形式，词源同wipe,wire.
摇动,震动(vibr+ate)[vibr=swing,表示"摇摆"]
v.(使)振动,(使)摇摆;受...而感动The corporate bodies collaborate elaborately on producing vibrating evaporator.法人团体在生产振动蒸发器之后精心制作协作.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to shake slightly and quickly, or to cause something to do this, in a way that is felt rather than seen or heard （使）震动；（使）颤动；（使）抖动
• The whole station seemed to vibrate as the express train rushed through. 快速列车急驰而过时，整个车站似乎都在震动。
• His voice vibrated with anger. 他非常愤怒，声音微微颤抖。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
vi. 振动；颤动；摇摆；踌躇
 - swing, hesitate
vt. 使振动；使颤动
 - oscillate

Word: comer
Front: comer
[ˈkʌmə(r)] (9658/12132)
Back: n. 来者; 有成功希望的人
分布：来者(77%)，有成功希望的人(23%)
N-COUNT
到达者;到来的人
You can use comers to refer to people who arrive at a particular place.
例：I arrived at the church at two-thirty p.m. to find some early comers outside the main door...我下午两点半到达教堂，发现大门外面有一些人已经到了。
例：The first comer was the Sultan himself.第一个来的人是苏丹自己。

Word: poignant
Front: poignant
[ˈpɔɪnjənt] (宝 9665/11541 -1)
Vocabulary: poignant
(once / 1160 pages)
adj
Something that is poignant touches you deeply. Watching a poignant YouTube video about baby penguins chasing their mothers, for example, might give you a lump in your throat.
Poignant comes from the Latin pungere "to prick," the same root as pungent. But something that's pungent pricks your sense of smell, whereas poignant refers to something that pricks your emotions, especially in a melancholy way. Movie critics might describe a touching portrayal as poignant if there isn't a dry eye in the house.
WORD FAMILY
poignant: poignance, poignancy, poignanter, poignantly+/ poignancy: poignancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
These observations are especially poignant considering Karen’s profession.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Such a poignant last sentiment was once unfathomable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This book is tragic, no question — but it’s also poignant, tender and funny.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 尖锐的; 辛酸的; 深刻的; （记忆）活鲜鲜的
分布：尖锐的(44%)，痛切的(21%)，剧烈的(13%)，浓烈的(10%)，悲伤的(7%)，严厉的(5%)
→来自古法语poignant,锋利的，尖锐的，来自拉丁语pungere,刺，词源同pugnacious,point.
【记】poign刺，ant－辛辣的po破，ig一个，n，ant蚂蚁：一个破蚂蚁，身上的味道臭，说话尖酸刻薄－（味觉、嗅觉、言语）刺激的，辛辣的
adjective
■causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness 令人痛苦的，酸楚的；深深打动人的
• The photograph awakens poignant memories of happier days. 照片唤起了对美好时光的深情追忆。
• It is especially poignant that he died on the day before the wedding. 他在婚礼前一天去世了，这令人分外悲痛。
adj. 尖锐的；辛酸的；深刻的；切中要害的
 - sharpened, acerb

Word: precursor
Front: precursor
[pri:ˈkɜ:sə(r)] (托宝 9664/10361 -1)
Vocabulary: precursor
(once / 3257 pages)
n
You've heard the old saying "Pride comes before the fall?" Well, you could just as easily say pride is a precursor to the fall. A precursor is something that happens before something else.
You don't have to be a dead languages scholar to guess that this word springs from a Latin source — praecursor, "to run before." A precursor is usually related to what it precedes. It's a catalyst or a harbinger, leading to what follows or providing a clue that it's going to happen. Binging on holiday candy is a precursor to tummy aches and promises to exercise more. Draconian policies in unstable nations are often a precursor to rebellion.
WORD FAMILY
precursor: precursors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He was the precursor to what’s happening in the West.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Supreme Court issued a ruling marking a precursor to its Florida decision.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
This year the sport added a putrid precursor, Bowel Week, as schools in three Power 5 conferences smeared us with excrement.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 前辈，前驱，先锋，前任; 预兆，先兆，初期形式; [核]前驱波，初级粒子; 预报器
分布：前兆(56%)，先驱(39%)，前任(5%)
→pre-,在前，-curs,跑，词源同course,cursor.
先驱;先兆(pre+curs+or→先跑者→先驱)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
先驱(pre预先＋curs跑)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
【记】pre前，curs跑，or－在前面跑的人－先驱
【反】sequela（n 后继者）
US [-'kɝ:.sɚ] slightly formal
noun countable
■something which happened or existed before another thing, especially if it either developed into it or had an influence on it 先驱，先锋；先兆，前兆
• Sulphur dioxide is the main precursor of acid rain. 二氧化硫是形成酸雨最重要的先决条件。
• Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs. 生物学研究往往是医学突破的先驱。
n. 先驱，前导
 - forerunner, vaunt-courier

Word: discontent
Front: discontent
[ˌdɪskənˈtent] (托 9678/7004 -1)
Vocabulary: discontent
(once / 389 pages)
nadjv
When you experience discontent, you're not happy. You've been let down — either by others or by yourself.
The word discontent is made up of dis, meaning "not," and content, "a state of peaceful happiness." So as an adjective, discontent means "not happy or peaceful," like the discontent Egyptian citizens who expressed their dissatisfaction with their country's leader by protesting and demanding he give up power. As a verb, discontent means "to make unhappy," like bad news that discontents you.
WORD FAMILY
discontent: discontented, discontenting, discontently, discontentment, discontents+/ content: contented, contenting, contentingly, contently, contentment, contents, discontent / contented: contentedest, contentedly, contentedness/ contentment: contentments/discontented: discontentedly, discontentedness/discontentment: discontentments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Boston Globe called “Beginners” “the passive work of a man nervous to touch the third rail of his parents’ discontent.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The victories of these unusual candidates speak to the depth of Brazilian discontent with politics.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Parties across Europe and in the United States are fanning flames of discontent using similar tactics with increasing success.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 不满，不平; 不愉快; 不满的人
adj. 不满的; 不安分的; 不快的
v. 使不满意; 使不快
时态：discontented, discontenting, discontents
分布：不满(87%)，不满的(13%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。content, 满意。
不满的(dis不+content→不满足的)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】content（n 内容；满足adj 满意的vt 使满足）
【参】discontented（adj 不满意的）
[ˌdɪs.kən'tent] (also discontentment)
noun uncountable
■a feeling of wanting better treatment or an improved situation 不满；不满足
• Discontent among junior ranks was rapidly spreading. 下级军官的不满情绪正在迅速蔓延。
• There was widespread discontent at/about/over/with the plan. 人们对该计划普遍感到不满。
n. 不满
 - dissatisfaction, grievance
adj. 不满的
 - malcontented, disgruntled

Word: swoop
Front: swoop
[swu:p] (9667/10134 -1)
Vocabulary: swoop
(once / 1231 pages)
vn
To swoop is to move downward quickly and dramatically, like an eagle that swoops down to catch its prey.
A swoop is an impressive movement best demonstrated by a bird. If a bird is high in the air, then moves down quickly, making an arc or loop, that's an example of a swoop. People can also swoop — three muggers might swoop in on a victim, for example. The phrase "one fell swoop" means "all at once," and Shakespeare used it first, in "Macbeth:" "What, All my pretty Chickens, and their Dam, At one fell swoop?"
WORD FAMILY
swoop: swooped, swooping, swoops
USAGE EXAMPLES
The American eagle swoops a little closer to the growling Russian bear.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A huge, swooping hat dominates a picture of Milly, from Henry James’s “The Wings of the Dove.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
One mask depicts Yeats with a swoop of lustrous white hair, his jaw shut by knotted strings.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. （鹰）俯冲，猛冲; 突然扑向
vt. 出其不意的抓起
n. 飞扑，攫取; [航]下扑
时态：swooped, swooping, swoops
分布：猛扑(36%)，突然袭击(31%)，俯冲(20%)，攫取(11%)，抓取(2%)
→来自 sweep 拼写变体，引申比喻义猛冲，俯冲。
verb intransitive
■to move very quickly and easily through the air, especially down from a height in order to attack （尤指为进攻而从高处）俯冲，向下猛扑
• The eagle swooped down to snatch a young rabbit. 鹰俯冲而下，抓补一只小兔子。
■informal
■to make a sudden attack on a place or group of people in order to surround and catch them （为围捕而）突然袭击
• Undercover police swooped on three houses in Bristol at 5 a.m. this morning. 今天早上五点，卧底的员警突击搜查了布里斯托尔的三间房子。
vi. 猛扑；突然袭击；突然下降；飞扑
 - bound on, surprise attack
n. 猛扑；俯冲；突然袭击
 - surprise, subduction
vt. 攫取；抓去
 - grab, pounce at

Word: marketer
Front: marketer
['mɑ:kɪtə(r)] (9669/27663 -1)
Back: n. 市场商人; 市场营销人员; <美>在市场中买卖的人
分布：营销商(67%)，市场营销人员(33%)
N-COUNT
做买卖的人;生意人;商人
A marketer is someone whose job involves marketing.

Word: speedy
Front: speedy
[ˈspi:di] (托 9690/7734 -1)
Vocabulary: speedy
(once / 247 pages)
adj
Speedy means super fast! If you're a speedy driver, you keep your foot on the gas pedal and zip by all the slowpokes. Speedy is also the nickname for a cartoon who is “the fastest mouse in Mexico.”
Anything that's speedy moves with rapid speed, whether it's a bullet train or a waiter bringing coffee before you’ve even finished ordering it. If your brother sends you on an errand, he might call, "Be speedy!" especially if you're known for taking your time. The Old English root of speedy is spedig, which curiously means "wealthy." A now old fashioned meaning of "speed," in fact, was "success" or "prosperity.”
WORD FAMILY
speedy: speedier, speediest, speedily, speediness+/ speed: sped, speeded, speeder, speeding, speeds, speedy /speeder: speeders/speeding: speedings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Typically, a running back who can be used in the slot is of the smaller and speedier variety.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“We wish Buzz a speedy recovery,” the London-based White Desert said in a statement.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Next up, a high-powered Washington offense featuring quarterback Jake Browning and speedy receiver John Ross.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 快的，迅速的; 敏捷的
级别：speedier, speediest
分布：快速的(44%)，迅速的(25%)，立即的(11%)，高速的(10%)，敏捷的(10%)
→speed,速度，迅速，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■quick 快速的，迅速的
• He's a very speedy worker. 他做起事来很迅速。
• We need to take speedy action/make a speedy decision. 我们需要迅速采取行动／迅速作出决定。
• Everyone is hoping for a speedy end to the conflict (= hoping that an end to it will happen quickly). 每个人都希望冲突可以尽快结束。
• We wished her a speedy recovery from her illness (= that she would get better quickly). 我们祝福她尽快康复。
hasty, quick, prompt, fast, instant, rapid, speedy, swift
hasty: 多指匆忙、草率或仓促的行动，着重缺乏深思熟虑。
quick: 特指瞬时动作，强调动作敏捷迅速；也指匆忙的行为，而不暗示速度很快。
prompt: 主要指动作迅速，毫不拖延，含“快得令人愉悦”的意味。
fast: 常指人或物持续地高速运动，强调运动的方式。
instant: 指某事很快发生或急待解决，含刻不容缓之意。
rapid: 比fast和quick正式，常指运动本身，侧重速度惊人。所指动作可能是短暂的，也可能是持续的。
speedy: 指人或物或其运动、活动时，着重极度的快捷，多含匆忙意味。
swift: 正式用词，强调非常迅速，往往含动作轻快敏捷之意。
adj. 快的；迅速的；敏捷的
 - quick, rapid, fast, forward, ready

Word: hippie
Front: hippie
[ˈhɪpi] (9652/25919 -1)
Back: n. 嬉皮士; 嬉皮模样的年青人; 希比派
adj. 嬉皮的
分布：嬉皮(91%)，嬉皮模样的年青人(6%)，=hippy.(3%)
→来自hippy拼写变体。
(also hippy) ['hɪp.i] noun countable
■a person, typically young, especially in the late 1960s and early 1970s, who believed in peace, was opposed to many of the accepted ideas about how to live, had long hair, and often lived in groups and took drugs 嬉皮士（尤指20世纪60年代末至70年代初信仰和平、反对传统观念的年轻人，留长发，常群居并吸毒）
n. 嬉皮士；嬉皮模样的年青人
 - flower people

Word: cleansing
Front: cleansing
['klenzɪŋ] (9672/12000)
Back: n. 清洁，使清洁的人或物
adj. 有去污作用的
v. 弄干净，清洗( cleanse的现在分词 )
分布：清洁用的(67%)，动词cleanse的现在分词.(33%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes something that cleans or is used for cleaning 起清洁作用的
• a cleansing cream 洁肤霜
n. 净化；洗清
 - purification, distillation

Word: statutory
Front: statutory
[ˈstætʃətri] (宝 9668/2362 -2)
Vocabulary: statutory
(once / 4805 pages)
adj
If something is statutory, it is related to or set by laws or statutes. Statutory restrictions on air pollution require drivers to have the emissions from their cars checked every few years.
You might wonder what the difference is between statutory and legal. Both are adjectives and both are concerned with the law. If something is legal, it is allowed by the law, whereas if it is statutory, it is regulated by law. In the negative, this is easier to understand. If something is not legal, the law says you can't do it. If something is not statutory, there are no laws regulating it.
WORD FAMILY
statutory: statutorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Between the various funds and the statutory limitations placed on them, it’s hard to understand.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Another prominent example of this principle is the executive’s power to issue regulations pursuant to statutory authority.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The Sourovelises were allowed to return to their house only after waiving their rights to statutory or constitutional defenses in a future forfeiture action.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 法定的，法令的; 依照法令的; 可依法处罚的
→来自 statute,法令，法规，-ory,形容词后缀。
US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
■decided or controlled by law 法定的
• statutory obligations 法定义务
adj. [法] 法定的；法令的；可依法惩处的
 - legal, lawful

Word: conflict
Front: conflict
[ˈkɒnflɪkt] (高研四六托雅宝 1179/1364 -K4)
Vocabulary: conflict
(once / 145 pages)
nv
A conflict is a struggle or an opposition. If you and your best friend both fall in love with the same person, you will have to find some way to resolve the conflict.
Conflict comes from the Latin word for striking, but it isn't always violent. Conflict can arise from opposing ideas. If you want to turn your empty lot into a community garden but your wife envisions a shooting range, you have a conflict. If you're torn between two different desires, you're conflicted. Conflict can also be a verb. If you schedule a dentist appointment that conflicts with a meeting, you'll have to cancel one of them.
WORD FAMILY
conflict: conflicted, conflicting, conflicts+/ conflicting: conflictingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In return, he allegedly approved their licence applications and chairmanship appointment without declaring a conflict of interest.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A complication is the conflict over jurisdiction, whereby laws in one country are irreconcilable with those in another.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Secretary of State John Kerry’s blunt speech about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was that of a man trapped in the past.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 冲突; 战斗; 相互干扰; 矛盾
vi. 抵触; 争斗; 战斗; 冲突
时态：conflicted, conflicting, conflicts
分布：冲突(73%)，矛盾(11%)，抵触(6%)，战斗(4%)，争执(3%)，斗争(3%)
→con-, 强调。-flict, 鞭子，击打，词源同flagellate(鞭笞), afflict.
冲突(con+flict打→一起打斗→冲突)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
冲突,斗争(con共同+flict→共同打→冲突)[flict=strike,表示"打击"]
n.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突In the fiction, the victim of the conflict pictured the picnic after victory.在小说中,冲突中的受害者描绘了胜利后的野餐.
【记】con共同，flict打－共同打－冲突；斗争
【反】jibe（v 使一致；嘲笑）
US [ˈkɑːn-]
 IMPROVER
■an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles 冲突；分歧；争论
• There was a lot of conflict between him and his father. 他和父亲之间存在着许多分歧。
• It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of conflicts within the party. 这项政策不得人心，在党内引起了一些分歧。
• His outspoken views would frequently bring him into conflict with the president. 他对自己的看法总是直言不讳，这常常使他和总统发生争执。
 IMPROVER
■fighting between two or more groups of people or countries 战斗，战争
• We wish to avoid conflict between our countries if at all possible. 我们希望我们两国之间能尽一切可能避免战争。
verb intransitive /kənˈflɪkt/
BE OPPOSITE 抵触
■If beliefs, needs, or facts, etc. conflict, they are very different and cannot easily exist together or both be true 不一致；发生抵触；相矛盾；冲突
• The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing theories. 新的研究结果似乎和已有的理论相抵触。
verb intransitive /kənˈflɪkt/
FIGHT 斗争
■to fight or disagree actively 打斗，冲突
• If the two sides conflict with each other again, it will be disastrous for party unity. 如果双方再互相争斗下去，对党内团结将是一场灾难。
collide, conflict, bump, clash
这组词都有“碰撞”的意思，其区别是：
collide: 多指带毁坏性的猛烈相撞，也可指严重的直接冲突。
conflict: 这个词以前可表具体东西的撞击，现在常指冲突或对立。
bump: 主要指具体东西的有力碰撞，也可指碰到困难或障碍。
clash: 指有力的或带有金属碰击声的打、敲或相互冲击。
argument, controversy, dispute, debate, conflict, strife, quarrel
这组词都有“争执、不和”的意思，其区别是：
argument: 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
controversy: 侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
dispute: 普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
debate: 通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
conflict: 指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
strife: 指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
quarrel: 普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
n. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执
 - interference, difference, war, battle, collision
vi. 冲突，抵触；争执；战斗
 - combat, collide with

Word: amuse
Front: amuse
[əˈmju:z] (高研四六雅宝 9683/8734 -K1)
Vocabulary: amuse
(once / 78 pages)
v
If you enjoy making people laugh, you like to amuse them, which is a good trait to have as long as you don't amuse people during a math test or other solemn occasion.
The verb amuse also means to keep busy in a pleasant way. You might amuse yourself during a long driving trip by playing the alphabet game, where you try to find all the letters from A to Z on roadside signs. If you are a passenger on a plane, you could amuse yourself with a movie on your computer. Just don't get them mixed up and try to watch a movie when you are driving.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amuse / bemuse
People often use the word bemuse when they mean amuse, but to amuse is to entertain, and to bemuse is to confuse. In Alice in Wonderland, the White Rabbit amuses Alice as he frolics, but then the Cheshire Cat bemuses her when he tells her to go two directions at once.
To amuse someone is to make them laugh or otherwise keep their attention. It's often used in the negative — if someone says that a joke does not amuse her, duck before you get slapped. In the movie Goodfellas, a tough guy says darkly, "...I'm a clown? Do I amuse you?" Here are friendlier examples:
There's nothing spellbinding left to amuse our children. (Forbes)
This was fashion as theater and an often amusing way to end Paris Fashion Week. (New York Times)
To bemuse is to confuse or muddle, and it's almost always in the form bemused. It sounds like that other word, but it's not as fun to be bemused. These examples get it right:
Another father seemed bemused that his son had been taken in by the police after he went for a walk on Saturday.  (BBC)
In the past, reviews of Bosco's dazzlingly vivid apparel and sneakers have ranged from admiring to bemused to scathing. (New York Times)
The passengers, bemused at first, were quickly won over once they realized who was performing. (Time)
It's no wonder people get them mixed up — both words are derived from the French word "muse." It's just like a French muse to entertain and confuse us all in the same root word.
WORD FAMILY
amuse: amused, amusement, amuses, amusing, amusive+/ amused: amusedly/ amusement: amusements/ amusing: amusingest, amusingly/amusive: amusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ones who do show up, especially before Dec. 8, seemed to be more amused by the temptation of free chicken.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
More amused than chastened, Mills said, “It’s two captains with one boat.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Amused onlookers posted photos of the sign on social media.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使人发笑; 逗乐; 使消遣; 娱乐
时态：amused, amusing, amuses
分布：娱乐(54%)，消遣(43%)，使 ... 发笑(3%)
→前缀a-同ad-. muse, 沉思，思考。古义指不用干话，有时间思考学习，现指有时间休闲娱乐。比较sport, 古义不用干活，现指有时间运动。school, 古义不用干活，现指有时间读书。
娱乐,使...高兴(a使＋muse→使高兴)[mus=muse来自希腊神话"缪斯"女神,是文艺音乐女神,所以有"娱乐"的意思]
vt.向...提供娱乐,使...消遣;引人发笑He had an amusing excuse for executing the executive.对于处决决策人,他有一个可笑的理由.
【源】Muse（缪斯）是宙斯和记忆女神的九个女儿（不是一个人），每一个掌管不同的文艺或者科学。比如：文艺、美术和音乐。
【参】amused（adj 愉快的，好玩的）；amusing（adj 好笑的，有趣的）
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to entertain someone, especially by humorous speech or action or by making someone laugh or smile （尤指短暂地）使开心，给…提供消遣（或娱乐）
• I've brought with me an article from yesterday's paper that I thought might amuse you. 我带来了昨天报上的一篇文章，或许可以让你开怀一笑。
• [+ obj + to infinitive] I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. 我想他看到这些人装疯卖傻的样子肯定会觉得好玩。
• Apparently these stories are meant to amuse. 显然这些故事的目的就在于搞笑。
■to keep someone happy, especially for a short time （尤指透过幽默的言行）逗乐，逗笑；（尤指短暂地）使开心，给…提供消遣（或娱乐）
• [R] We amused ourselves by watching the passers-by. 我们看着来往的行人自得其乐。
• Shall I put on a video to amuse the kids while we're packing? 我们收拾行李时，要不要给孩子放段影片，逗他们开心？
amuse, please, interest, entertain
这组词都有“使人娱乐，消遣”的意思，其区别是：
amuse: 指使人通过注意某些有趣或悦人的事物而消遣，着重使人愉快的效果。
please: 多指愿望、兴趣得到满足后产生的强烈满意情绪。
interest: 普通用词，指出于任何原因使人兴奋或对某事物保持好奇心或注意力，侧重引起兴趣或注意。
entertain: 指通过给他人快乐感的消遣活动，使自己或他人从单调中解脱出来。
vt. 娱乐；消遣；使发笑；使愉快
 - to entertain, wile away

Word: eclectic
Front: eclectic
[ɪˈklektɪk] (宝 9692/15530 -1)
Vocabulary: eclectic
(once / 3621 pages)
adjn
She listens to hip-hop, Gregorian chant, and folk music from the '60s. He's been seen wearing a handmade tuxedo jacket over a thrift-store flannel shirt. They both have eclectic tastes.
The English word eclectic first appeared in the seventeenth century to describe philosophers who did not belong to a particular school of thought, but instead assembled their doctrines by picking and choosing from a variety of philosophical systems. Today, the word can refer to any assemblage of varied parts. You can have an eclectic group of friends (friends from diverse groups), eclectic taste in furniture (a mixture of 18th-century French chairs, Andy Warhol paintings, and Persian rugs), or enjoy eclectic cuisine (fusion cooking that uses ingredients from different national cuisines).
WORD FAMILY
eclectic: eclectically, eclecticism, eclectics+/eclecticism: eclecticisms, eclecticist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Towsen’s monthly variety show celebrates Manhattan’s eclectic downtown scene.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But this list offers a great eclectic group of pieces from all across the magazine—there’s business, sports, arts, yoga, and yes, politics.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
These eclectic movements didn’t illuminate the lives that Mr. Wilson drew to our attention in the program.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 折衷的; 选择的
n. 折中主义者
分布：折衷的(44%)，兼收并蓄的(21%)，选择的(15%)，折衷派的人(10%)，折衷主义者(10%)
→ec-, 向外。-lect, 选，收集，词源同elect, collect.
【记】ec出，lect＝select选一从各个地方选出的一折衷的；博采众长的
【参】intellect（n 智力）；collective（adj 集体的n 集体）；eclecticism（n 折衷主义）
[ɪ'klek.tɪk] formal
adjective
■Methods, beliefs, ideas, etc. that are eclectic combine whatever seem the best or most useful things from many different areas or systems, rather than following a single system 不拘一格的；相容并蓄的；博采众长的
• an eclectic style /approach 相容并蓄的风格 ／ 博采众长的方法
• an eclectic taste in literature 对文学广泛的兴趣
adj. 折衷的；选择的；折衷学派的
 - preferential, selectional

Word: vinyl
Front: vinyl
[ˈvaɪnl] (9685/12616 -2)
Back: n. [化]乙烯基; 黑胶唱片
分布：乙烯基(100%)
→vin-,葡萄，葡萄酒，-yl,化学名词后缀，基。用于指乙烯基。
【记】读：why no？，为什么不用，如此好的塑料。
noun uncountable
■strong plastic which can be bent, and which is used for making floor coverings, furniture, clothing, etc. or (in the past) records 乙烯基（塑胶）；（旧时）压制唱片的塑胶
n. [有化] 乙烯基
 - ethenyl

Word: underline
Front: underline
[ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] (高研四六雅 9691/4685 -2)
Back: vt. 在…下面画线; 加强，强调
n. 下划线; 下期节目预告; 图下说明文字
时态：underlined, underlining, underlines
分布：强调(90%)，在…下面划线(10%)
划线于…下(under+line线,在字底下划线,引申为强调)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示”副手”]
在字下划线;强调(under在下面+line→在下面划线)[line=line,表示"直线,线条"]
vt.在...下划线;强调I'm inclined to underline these disciplines in the outline written on linen.我倾向于给写在亚麻布上的大纲中的这些学科划下画线.
US [-dɚ-] (also underscore)
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to draw a line under a word, especially in order to show its importance （尤指为了强调）在（词语）下面画线
• All the technical words have been underlined in red. 所有术语的下面都画了红线。
■to emphasize 强调，突出
• She put the figures up on the board to underline the seriousness of the situation. 她把资料写在黑板上，以强调形势的严峻。
• To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage. 为了宣泄他们的厌恶，观众们开始朝舞台上扔瓶子。
vt. 强调；在…下面划线；预告
 - emphasize, stress, highlight

Word: intimidation
Front: intimidation
[ɪnˌtɪmɪ'deɪʃn] (托 9693/11881)
Vocabulary: intimidation
(once / 3805 pages)
n
Intimidation is when you try to frighten a weaker person into doing what you want. You might use intimidation to get your brother to mow the lawn for you.
Intimidation can refer to the act of making someone feel timid or afraid — like what you sometimes do to your brother — or it can also refer to that fearful feeling itself. Intimidation might make members of a jury hesitate to convict a defendant. Intimidation can also refer to feeling threatened, discouraged, or afraid because you're facing something stronger or superior. You might feel a sense of intimidation right before your soccer team plays the undefeated state champs.
WORD FAMILY
intimidation: intimidations+/ intimidate: intimidated, intimidates, intimidating, intimidation / intimidated: unintimidated/ intimidating: intimidatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Rest assured, any demonstration or threat of intimidation against any Montanan’s religious liberty will not be tolerated,” they added.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
They argue that legal intimidation is hurting their ability to collect.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
"She clearly stated knowledge of alleged intimidation of female colleagues, yet with no apparent discharge of her duty of care to intervene," Mr Nesbitt said.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 恫吓，恐吓，胁迫
分布：恐吓(59%)，威胁(41%)
恐吓[tim=fear,表示"害怕"]
【记】intimidate（v 胁迫）；in使，timid（adj 胆小的），ate
VERB
恫吓;恐吓;威胁
If you intimidate someone, you deliberately make them frightened enough to do what you want them to do.
例：Jones had set out to intimidate and dominate Paul...琼斯开始恐吓并控制保罗。
例：Attempts to intimidate people into voting for the governing party did not work.胁迫人们为执政党投票的企图没有成功。
n. [法] 恐吓，威胁
 - threat, danger

Word: dissident
Front: dissident
[ˈdɪsɪdənt] (宝 9680/10678 -2)
Vocabulary: dissident
(once / 2519 pages)
nadj
If you are a dissident, you are a person who is rebelling against a government. Dissidents can do their work peacefully or with violence.
Dissident is closely related to the word, dissent, which means objecting. People who are dissidents show their dissent. Catholic priests who advocate allowing women into the priesthood could be called dissidents, as could the Puritans who left England to live in colonial America. As an adjective, a dissident member of a group is one who disagrees with the majority of members.
WORD FAMILY
dissident: dissidence, dissidents
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is also very popular with Chinese dissidents based in the West.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A last dissident group is currently under siege from Somali forces in the far north of Somalia, in semi-autonomous Puntland, and facing annihilation.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Both sides were accused of committing war crimes, and Rajapaksa’s administration was accused of operating paramilitary groups to kill and abduct rebel suspects and dissidents.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 持异议者，公开大唱反调者，持不同政见者
adj. 持不同意见的（人）
分布：持不同政见者(72%)，意见不同的人(12%)，不同意的(8%)，有异议的(8%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-sid, 坐，词源sit,president. 即分开坐的，引申词义政见不和者。
持不同意见的(dis+sid+ent)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
【记】dis分开，sid坐－分开着坐的人－唱反调者dis分开，side边－分边坐的人－唱反调者
【参】preside（v 主持）；subside（v 下沉；沉淀；平息；衰减）
noun countable
■a person who publicly disagrees with and criticizes their government 批评政府者
• political dissidents 持不同政见者

Word: hiker
Front: hiker
[ˈhaɪkə(r)] (9687/33870)
Back: n. 远足者，长途旅行者
分布：徙步旅行者(100%)
→来自hike,远足。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a person who goes for a long walk in the countryside 健行者，远足者
• On sunny days the trails are full of hikers. 天气晴朗的日子里，这些小径上健行的人络绎不绝。
n. 徒步旅行者
 - wayfarer, hoofer

Word: close-up
Front: close-up
[ˈkləʊs ʌp] (雅 -1)
Back: n. [影视]特写镜头; 〈美俚〉精密观察; 小传
分布：特写镜头(84%)，细致的观察(16%)
US ['kloʊs-] noun countable
■a photograph taken from a short distance that gives a very detailed picture 特写照片；近景照片
• She took a stunning close-up of him. 她给他拍了一张特别棒的特写照片。
n. [电影] 特写镜头，特写；小传
 - bio

Word: mileage
Front: mileage
[ˈmaɪlɪdʒ] (雅 9688/11457 -1)
Back: n. 英里数，里程; 好处，利润; （按英里计算的）运费; 〈美〉（公务员出差时）按英里支付的旅费
分布：英里数(83%)，汽车里数津贴(17%)
→来自mile,英里，-age,名词后经。
英里数(mile英里)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
noun uncountable
DISTANCE TRAVELLED 距离
■the distance that a vehicle has travelled or the distance that it can travel using a particular amount of fuel 英里数；英里里程；某固定油量的行车里程
• 'What's the mileage on your car?' 'Oh, about 40 000'. “你的车跑了多少英里了？”“哦，大约四万了。”
• Smaller cars have better mileage and so cost less to run. 汽车越小，同等油耗下跑的里程就越远，因此使用成本也越低。
['maɪ.lɪdʒ] noun uncountable
MONEY FOR TRAVEL 交通费 (also mileage allowance)
■the amount of money that you are paid or that you must pay for each mile you travel 按英里计算的交通补贴；按英里计算的收费
• The car costs £30 a day to rent, but you get unlimited mileage (= no charge for the miles travelled). 租一辆汽车每天的费用是30英镑，但不限里程数。
['maɪ.lɪdʒ] noun uncountable
ADVANTAGE 好处 informal
■the advantage that you can get from a situation 利益；好处
• There's no mileage in complaining to the Director - she'll just ignore you. 向主任投诉没有用——她根本不会理你。
• political mileage 政治利益

Word: coaster
Front: coaster
[ˈkəʊstə(r)] (9679/23288 -1)
Back: n. 沿岸贸易船; 杯托; 雪橇
分布：杯垫(55%)，小托盘(25%)，惯性运转装置(10%)，沿海航行船(10%)
→来自coast,海岸。
US ['koʊ.stɚ] noun countable
OBJECT 物体
■a small piece of wood, plastic or other material that you put a glass or cup on to protect a surface from heat or liquid 杯垫
UK ['kəʊ.stər] US ['koʊ.stɚ] noun countable
BOAT 船
■a ship which sails between ports along a coast （航行于沿海港口间的）船只
n. 沿岸贸易船；杯托，小托盘；雪橇
 - cariole, carriole

Word: treadmill
Front: treadmill
[ˈtredmɪl] (托 9677/19289 -1)
Back: n. 踏车; 单调的工作; （锻炼身体的）跑步机
分布：跑步机(73%)，踏车(25%)，繁重的工作(2%)
noun
REPEATED WORK 重复性工作
only singular
■any type of repeated work which is boring and makes you feel tired and seems to have no positive effect and no end 繁重无聊的重复性工作
• There were days when child-rearing seemed like an endless treadmill of feeding, washing and nappy-changing. 过去养育孩子似乎就是永无休止的喂饭、洗衣和换尿布，繁重而又单调。
['tred.mɪl] noun
EXERCISE MACHINE 运动机器
countable
■an exercise machine which consists of a moving strip or two step-like parts on which you walk without moving forward （锻炼用的）踏步机，跑步机
['tred.mɪl] noun
WHEEL 车轮
countable
■a wide wheel turned by the weight of people climbing on steps around its edge, used in the past to provide power for machines or, more usually, as a punishment for prisoners （过去通常用以惩罚犯人的）踏车

Word: relegate
Front: relegate
[ˈrelɪgeɪt] (六宝 9699/9742 -2)
Vocabulary: relegate
(once / 1951 pages)
v
Relegate means assign to a lower position. If the quarterback of the football team stops making decent throws he might be relegated to the position of benchwarmer, while another kid is given the chance to play.
Relegate rhymes with delegate––both words derive from the Latin legare "send." Relegate means to send someone down in rank. Delegate means to send someone in your place to complete a task. In the workplace, managers who can't figure out how to delegate may get relegated to a lesser rank.
WORD FAMILY
relegate: relegated, relegates, relegating, relegation+/relegation: relegations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Supportive experts were relegated to the public hearing portion of the meeting for brief comments.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
But Super Mario Run relegates its female characters to positions of near helplessness.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Menorahs usually get a pass because they are small, frequently relegated to a corner and usually enjoy a glaringly brief display season.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 使降级; 使降职; 转移; 把…归类
时态：relegated, relegating, relegates
分布：移交(34%)，流放(22%)，委任(22%)，使降级(22%)
→re-,向后，往回，-leg,送出，词源同 legate,delegate.引申词义降级，贬职。
放逐;贬职(re反+leg+ate→反法律的人被→放逐)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
【记】re反，leg腿，ate－腿反走－降级
【反】aggrandize（v 增加；夸大）
verb transitive
■to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank or position 贬职；使降级；降低…的地位
• She resigned when she was relegated to a desk job. 因被降职做文书，她就辞了职。
• The story was relegated to the middle pages of the paper. 这篇报道从重要版面撤下，放到了中间的版面上登出。
■UK
■If a football team is relegated, it is moved down to a lower division 使（足球队）降级
• If Southampton lose again they may be relegated from the Premier League to the First Division. 如果南安普敦队再输掉比赛的话，就要从英超降级到英甲了。
Compare promote
vt. 把降低到；归入；提交
 - put in, hand in

Word: faintly
Front: faintly
[feɪntlɪ] (9681/7351 -K)
Vocabulary: faintly
(once / 428 pages)
adv
Something that's done faintly is very weak, quiet, or almost imperceptible. When you're driving in the fog, you can often just faintly see the car in front of you.
A sick patient might call faintly for a nurse, and a distant sound, like the murmur of conversation from downstairs, can only be heard faintly. The day after you take down your Christmas tree, your living room might still smell faintly of pine, and a new acquaintance sometimes reminds you faintly of someone you know well. In the 14th century, faintly first meant "timidly," and then "feebly or wearily."
WORD FAMILY
faint: fainted, fainter, faintest, fainting, faintingly, faintly, faintness, faints+/faintness: faintnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sighs faintly, and reaches for the bottle of red.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Even if he himself is still faintly bemused by the idea that anyone would consider his story worthy of celebration.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
On that occasion, Wollaston wrote, it was May and Hammond who looked “faintly embarrassed”.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 微弱地; 隐约地; 虚弱地; 有点
分布：微弱地(58%)，模糊地(42%)
adverb
■slightly or not strongly 略微地；不强烈地
• She seemed faintly embarrassed to see us there. 看到我们在那里她似乎有点尴尬。
• A light flickered faintly in the distance. 一丝亮光在远处若隐若现。
adv. 微弱地；模糊地；虚弱地
 - thin, feebly

Word: motivated
Front: motivated
['məʊtɪveɪtɪd] (9703/13932)
Vocabulary: motivated
(once / 2708 pages)
adj
Someone who is motivated has a cause to do something. If you have a habit of eating cheesecake for breakfast, an image of clogged arteries taped to your fridge might make you a motivated dieter.
You’ll find motive hidden inside motivated––and from detective movies you know every crime has a motive, or a reason it was committed. Racially-motivated crimes can spark riots. A killer might be motivated by jealousy, anger and greed. Being motivated doesn't always lead to crime, though. If you’re one of those rare birds that sticks to New Year’s resolutions, people probably ask, “How do you stay motivated?!” They mean, “How you avoid giving up like the rest of us?”
WORD FAMILY
motivated: unmotivated +/ motivate: motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivator/ motivation: motivational, motivations/ motivational: motivationally/motivator: motivators/ motive: motivate, motiveless, motively, motives, motivity/motiveless: motivelessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Everyone is motivated on the first of January.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He said that he was motivated by a sense of instability because of the threat of terrorism and the conflict in Ukraine.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Pickens’ lawyers argue that even if all the allegations are true, none of her comments were racially motivated.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 有动机的，有目的的; 有积极性的
v. 作为…的动机，激发，诱发( motivate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：有积极性的(51%)，有动机的(42%)，动词motivate的过去式和过去分词(7%)
VERB
(尤指情绪)激发，激励，驱使
If you are motivated by something, especially an emotion, it causes you to behave in a particular way.
例：They are motivated by a need to achieve...对成功的渴望激励着他们。
例：The crime was not politically motivated...该犯罪行为没有政治动机。
VERB
使决心做;使决意做
If someone motivates you to do something, they make you feel determined to do it.
例：How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently?...你是怎样激励大家奋发高效地工作的？
例：Never let it be said that the manager doesn't know how to motivate his players.绝对不要让人说这位主教练不知道如何激励他的队员。

Word: browser
Front: browser
[ˈbraʊzə(r)] (9689/25100)
Vocabulary: browser
(once / 2323 pages)
1n 2n
A browser is a looker: either a program that lets you surf the Internet or a person in a store who just looks around without buying.
This is a word that has to do with looking around, otherwise known as browsing. You probably use web browsers, which allow you to see websites on a computer. But you could also be a browser if you go to a store and just look around. Being a browser is a good way to kill time, but as soon as you make a purchase, you've gone from being a browser to being a customer.
WORD FAMILY
browser: browsers+/ browse: browsed, browser, browses, browsing/browsing: browsings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the most recent transfer window, it averaged almost one million browsers per day.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
SAN JOSE, Calif. — They limit their kids’ screen time, set filters on their browsers and banish digital devices from the dinner table.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
This would mean closing down your browser – another bitter irony of the internet is that it doubles up as a hellhole of unrealistic beauty ideals.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 浏览程序; 浏览器（用于在互联网上查阅信息）; 浏览图书报刊者; 逛商店的人
分布：食草动物(100%)
US ['braʊ.zɚ] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑
 ADVANCED
■a computer program that makes it possible for you to read information on the Internet 浏览器
• a Web browser 网页浏览器
UK ['braʊ.zər] US ['braʊ.zɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who browses, for example through books or goods for sale 浏览者，随意观看（商品）（或翻阅书本）者
n. [计] 浏览器；吃嫩叶的动物；浏览书本的人
 - broswer

Word: centralized
Front: centralized
[sentrəlaɪzd] (9675/12808)
Back: adj. 集中的，中央集权的
v. 使处于中央的控制之下，把…集中于中央( centralize的过去式 )
分布：集中的(97%)，动词centralize的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
VERB
使权力中央化;对…集权控制
To centralize a country, state, or organization means to create a system in which one central group of people gives instructions to regional groups.
例：In the mass production era multinational firms tended to centralize their operations...在大规模生产的时代，跨国公司往往实行集权化经营。
例：The economy of the times made it difficult to support centralized rule.当时的经济状况不利于实行集权统治。
adj. 集中的；中央集权的
 - concentrated, intensive, mass
v. 集中（centralize的过去分词）
 - gathered, concentrated

Word: snag
Front: snag
[snæg] (托 9696/11441 -1)
Back: n. 小困难或障碍; 突出物; 钩丝
vt. 戳坏; 抓住; 清除暗桩
vi. 妨碍; 被戳坏
时态：snagged, snagging, snags
分布：困难(60%)，划破(8%)，划破处(8%)，抽丝处(8%)，迅速抓到(8%)，残桩(8%)
→来自古诺斯语 snagi,晾衣架，挂衣钩。引申词义树桩，树枝，后用于指河道中被河水浸没的 树桩，暗桩，因而引申比喻义潜在问题，困难，障碍，引申词义被勾住，被挂住等。
noun countable
PROBLEM 问题 slightly informal
■a problem, difficulty or disadvantage 麻烦，问题，困难
• We don't anticipate any snags in/with the negotiations. 我们预料谈判不会出现任何麻烦。
• The drug is very effective - the only snag is that it cannot be produced in large quantities. 这种药很有效——唯一的问题就是，它不能大量生产。
[snæg] noun countable
DAMAGE 损坏
■a tear, hole or loose thread in a piece of clothing or cloth caused by a sharp or rough object （衣物的）钩破处，钩破的洞，抽丝
• This sweater's full of snags. 这件毛衣被钩得全是洞。
[snæg] noun countable
FOOD 食物 Australian informal for
■ sausage
[snæg] verb (-gg-)
DAMAGE 损坏
transitive
■If you snag something, it becomes caught on a sharp object and tears 钩破，挂破（衣物）
• Be careful not to snag your coat on the barbed wire. 小心别让铁丝网钩破衣服。
[snæg] verb (-gg-)
PROBLEM 问题
intransitive or transitive mainly US
■to cause problems or difficulties for someone or something 出现麻烦（或问题）；给…带来困难
• Financial problems have snagged the project for the past six months. 过去六个月里，财务问题一直困扰着这项工程。
• The negotiations have snagged on a dispute about who should chair them. 关于由谁来主持而引起的争议妨碍了谈判的进行。
[snæg] verb (-gg-)
GET 获得
transitive US informal
■to get or catch something by acting quickly 攫取，抓到
• They'd have gone bust if they hadn't snagged that contract from their rivals. 要不是他们从对手那里抢到了合约，他们早就破产了。
• The ball was hit well, but Silverman snagged it for the final out of the inning. 这个球击得很好，但西尔弗曼还是一下子抓到了，使局中最后一人出局。
n. 障碍；意外障碍；突出物
 - obstacle, let, bar, dam, stop
vt. 抓住机会；造成阻碍；清除障碍物
 - jump at the chance, take your chance

Word: geologist
Front: geologist
[dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst] (9704/10665)
Vocabulary: geologist
(once / 1681 pages)
n
If you’re fascinated by rocks and spend hours digging for interesting samples in the backyard, you might be a budding geologist, a scientist who studies all things related to the Earth.
A geologist is an expert in the field of geology, the study of what the Earth is made of and how it was formed. The woman on TV explaining the history of an active volcano that’s ready to erupt? She’s probably a geologist who specializes in volcanoes. Geologists can specialize in many different aspects of the field, ranging from earthquakes to soil erosion. What they all have in common is that they’re trying to figure out how the Earth works.
WORD FAMILY
geologist: geologists+/geological: geologically/ geology: geologic, geological, geologies, geologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
James Lienkaemper, a geologist at the U.S.G.S., estimates that they occur every hundred and forty or hundred and fifty years.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Geologists say the 3.2 magnitude earthquake was recorded at 8:21 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Another use will be to assist geologists in their choice of location to drill to the rockbed.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 地质学家，地质学者
分布：地质学家(100%)
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a person who studies geology 地质学家
n. [地质] 地质学家，地质学者
 - rocksy

Word: pundit
Front: pundit
[ˈpʌndɪt] (宝 9705/15170 -1)
Vocabulary: pundit
(once / 2961 pages)
n
Beware the pundit, a supposed expert who imparts deep knowledge to us more ignorant folks. Pundits are often blowhards, mere hacks, and you might well want to take what they say with a pinch of salt.
Why not call them simply experts? Because pundit is a lovely word that has a slightly mocking sense to it. Classic examples of the pundit are talk radio show hosts and professional sports commentators, all brilliant dispensers of hot air amongst the odd insight and statistic. Our modern day pundit is a far cry from the original meaning of the word, a "learned man, master, or teacher," from the ancient Hindi word payndit.
WORD FAMILY
pundit: pundits
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, among conservative pundits more broadly, skepticism of Trump was so widespread that it began to threaten the business model of cable-news networks.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The Huskies were not as overmatched as most pundits around the country thought they would be.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Our liberal pundit wants to stay centrist with the Dem Party powers that be.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 有学问的人; 评论员
分布：专家(72%)，权威人士(22%)，博学的印度人(6%)
→来自印度语pandit,智者，大师。
权威人士,专家(pund学问+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
【记】源于：pedant（n 书呆子）p屁，und＝under，it：屁股总是坐在椅子上面－权威人士，专家。读：胖大海－专家作讲座的时候爱喝胖大海。
noun countable
■a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is therefore often asked to give an opinion about it （某方面的）专家，权威
• a political/foreign-policy/sports pundit 政治／外交政策／体育权威
n. 博学者；梵文学者
 - mage

Word: stained
Front: stained
[steɪnd] (托 9695/8686)
Back: adj. 玷污的，褪色的
v. （使）染色( stain的过去式和过去分词 ); 褪色，变污; 玷污，败坏（名声）
分布：玷污的(43%)，褪色的(26%)，着色的(21%)，动词stain的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
→stain,斑点，污渍，-ed,形容词后缀。
N-COUNT
污迹;污渍
A stain is a mark on something that is difficult to remove.
例：Remove stains by soaking in a mild solution of bleach.用温和的漂白剂浸泡以去除污迹。
例：...a black stain.黑色污迹
VERB
在…上留下污迹;玷污;染污
If a liquid stains something, the thing becomes coloured or marked by the liquid.
例：Some foods can stain the teeth, as of course can smoking.某些食物会在牙齿上留下污渍，吸烟当然也会。
v. 玷污；败坏；给…染色（stain的过去式和过去分词）
 - blurred

Word: newfound
Front: newfound
['nju:faʊnd] (9694/33144)
Back: adj. 新发现的，新得到的
分布：新发现的(100%)
ADJ
新发现的;新找到的
A new-found quality or ability is one that you have got recently.
例：Juliana was brimming over with new-found confidence...朱莉安娜心中充满了重新找回的信心。
例：Hemmings is enjoying a newfound popularity as a character actor in the movies.作为电影界的一名性格演员，亨明斯最近开始走红。

Word: live
Front: live
[lɪv] (中高雅 210/267 -K3)
Vocabulary: live
(once / 12 pages)
1vadj 2v 3v 4adjadv 5adj
The verb live means remain alive. If you hope to live until you're 100, start eating vegetables.
When live rhymes with give, it's a verb that has to do with existing — being or staying alive, or making your home in a particular place, like when you say, "I live on the planet Earth for the time being." When live rhymes with hive, it is an entirely different word with a very similar meaning, an adjective that means "not dead", or "living". So you could describe your two pet fish by saying, "The one on the left, floating upside down, is the dead fish, and the one on the right is the live fish."
WORD FAMILY
live: livable, liveable, lived, liveness, living, livingly, relive, unlive+/ livable: livably/ living: livings, non-living, nonliving/relive: relived, relives, reliving/unlive: unlivable, unliveable, unlived, unliving
USAGE EXAMPLES
They just think the beasts lived alongside humans on a planet that’s only about 6,000 years old.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I am remembering how my mother lived with breast cancer for 14 years, through two mastectomies and repeated chemotherapy and radiation.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
While we need to move around a bit to complete the tasks of daily living, in modern life we tend not to move very much.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 生存; 居住; 生活，过活; 在生活中得到享受
vt. 经历; 度过
时态：lived, living, lives
分布：现场(46%)，居住(18%)，活的(12%)，活着(11%)，带电的(4%)，过着(3%)，直播的(3%)，当前的(1%)，现场的(1%)，燃烧着的(1%)
→来自life的动词形式。
v.活着,生活,居住a.活的,生动的,直播的He lived to the age of 70.他活到70岁.
verb[lɪv/
HAVE LIFE 活着
 ESSENTIAL intransitive
■(to continue) to be alive or have life 生存；活着
• He only lived a few days after the accident. 出事后他只活了几天就死了。
• I hope I live to see my grandchildren. 我希望我能活到看见我孙儿女的那一天。
• [+ to infinitive] Her granny lived to the ripe old age of 94. 她祖母活到了94岁高龄。
• Can the right to live ever be denied to any human? 人的生存权可以剥夺吗？
• She lived on well into her nineties. 她一直活到了90多岁。
verb[lɪv/
HAVE A HOME 居住
live in/at, etc.
 ESSENTIAL
■to have your home somewhere 住，居住
• Where do you live? 你住在哪里？
• We live in London. 我们住在伦敦。
• Some students live on the University campus. 有些学生住在大学校园里。
• He lives with four other people in a shared house. 他和另外四个人同住在一所房子里。
intransitive informal
■to be kept usually in a particular place 放，放置，保存
• Where do the knives live in your kitchen? 刀具放在厨房的甚么地方了？
• I'm not sure where this bowl lives. 我不知道这只碗该放在哪里。
verb[lɪv/
SPEND LIFE 生活
 ESSENTIAL intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to spend your life in a particular way 生活，过活
• After a while you get used to living alone. 过一段时间你会适应一个人生活的。
• When you retire, you want to live a comfortable life. 退休的时候，大家都希望能过着舒适的生活。
• So the prince and princess got married, and lived happily ever after. 于是王子和公主成了亲，从此他们过着幸福的生活。
• He simply wants to live (out) (= experience) the rest of his days in peace. 他只想能安度余生。
• The TV's broken - we'll just have to live without (= not have) it for a while. 电视机坏了 ——这段时间我们只好不看电视了。
• She certainly lived her life to the full (= was always doing something interesting). 她当然活得非常充实。
• figurative The US is living beyond its means (= spending more than it earns). 美国人过的是借钱享乐的日子。
verb[lɪv/
STAY ALIVE 活着
 IMPROVER intransitive
■to stay alive, especially by getting enough money to pay for food, a place in which to stay, clothing, etc 活着；（尤指靠…）过活，生活
• For several years she lived by begging. 她以乞讨为生过了好几年。
• She has an inheritance to live off (US alsolive off of)so she doesn't need to work. 她可以靠遗产生活，不必工作。
• He only agreed to marry her so he could live off her (money). 他同意和她结婚只是为了她的钱。
verb[lɪv/
CONTINUE 继续
intransitive
■(of things which can not be alive) to exist or continue to exist （指逝去的事物）继续存在，留存
• The memory of those terrible days lives on. 对那些恐怖的日子的记忆挥之不去。
verb[lɪv/
INTERESTING LIFE 有趣的生活
intransitive
■to have an interesting life 享受生活的乐趣，尽情地享受生活
• I want to live a bit before I settle down. 在安定下来之前我要好好享受一下生活。
• If you haven't seen Venice, you haven't lived. 如果你没到过威尼斯，就等于白活了一场。
verb[lɪv/
live (on) in the memory
■If something lives (on) in the memory, it has such an effect that it is remembered for a long time. 留在记忆中
verb[lɪv/
live your own life
■to spend your life doing what you want usually because something is no longer stopping you from doing so 以自己的方式生活；自由自在地生活
• Now that the children have left home I can live my own life again. 现在孩子都不在家了，我终于能再次以我自己的方式生活了。
verb[lɪv/
live a lie
■to live in a way that is dishonest because you are pretending to be something that you are not, to yourself or to other people 过着骗人的生活；过着双面人的生活
• She doesn't know you're married? You have to stop living a lie and tell her. 她不知道你结了婚吗？你不能再骗人了，必须告诉她实情。
verb[lɪv/
live and breathe sth
■When a person lives and breathes something, it is extremely important to them 对待…像生命一样重要，视…为生命
• He lives and breathes music. 他视音乐为生命。
verb[lɪv/
live and let live
■said to mean that people should accept the way other people live and behave, especially if they do things in a different way 自己活也让别人活；互相宽容
verb[lɪv/
live by your wits
■to make money in a clever and usually dishonest way 靠耍小聪明赚钱，靠玩花招赚钱
verb[lɪv/
live in sin humorous
■to live with someone that you are having a sexual relationship with but are not married to （有性关系但并未结婚的人）一起居住；姘居；未婚同居
• Last I heard, they'd moved in together and were living in sin. 我听到的最新消息是，他们已经搬到一起同居了。
verb[lɪv/
live it up informal
■to have an exciting and very enjoyable time with parties, good food and drink 享乐，玩乐
• He's alive and well and living it up in the Bahamas. 他活蹦乱跳的，正在巴哈马群岛吃喝玩乐呢。
verb[lɪv/
live like a king/lord
■to have a luxurious (= spending a lot of money) way of life 过着奢华的生活
verb[lɪv/
live to fight another day
■to have another chance to fight in a competition 下次再分高低，还有机会较量
• We didn't win this time, but we live to fight another day. 这次我们没有获胜，但下回我们再论输赢。
verb[lɪv/
live to tell the tale
■to successfully deal with or continue to live despite a difficult situation or experience 熬过来，挺过来
• We had a horrific journey, but we lived to tell the tale. 这段旅程太恐怖了，但我们终于熬了过来。
verb[lɪv/
lived in
■regularly used and comfortable 常用的，舒适的
• I like a room to look lived in. 我喜欢房间里看上去像有人常住的样子，舒适惬意。
verb[lɪv/
never live sth down
■to be unable to stop feeling embarrassed about something you have done 对…感到尴尬不已，一直对…感到难堪
• I wish I'd never opened my mouth in the meeting - I'm never going to live it down! 我真希望自己在会上甚么都没说——我一辈子都会为此感到难堪的！
verb[lɪv/
within living memory
■If something has happened within living memory, it can be remembered by some people who are still alive 记忆犹新，依然留在记忆中
• There is possibly less chance of another World War while the last one is within living memory. 当人们对上一次世界大战还记忆犹新的时候，爆发新的世界大战的可能性会很小。
verb[lɪv/
you live and learn
■said when you hear or discover something which is surprising （表示对得知的东西感到惊讶）真想不到
• I had no idea they were related. Oh well, you live and learn. 我一点都没想到他们之间还有联系。唉，真是想不到啊。
verb[lɪv/
  Phrasal Verbs  live for sth/sb ADVANCED
■to have something or someone as the most important thing in your life 为…而活着
• She just lives for music. 她就是为音乐而活的。
verb[lɪv/
  Phrasal Verbs  live on sth
MONEY
 ADVANCED
■If you live on an amount of money, that is the money that you use to buy the things that you need 依靠（…钱）生活
• We lived on very little when we first got married. 我们刚结婚的时候日子过得很紧。
FOOD
 ADVANCED
■to only eat a particular type of food 靠（…食物）生存；只吃
• I more or less live on pasta. 我基本上只吃义大利面。
verb[lɪv/
  Phrasal Verbs  live together ADVANCED
■If two people live together, they share a house and have a sexual relationship but are not married （未婚）同居
• Nowadays many young people live together before they get married. 现在许多年轻人都婚前同居。
verb[lɪv/
  Phrasal Verbs  live up to sth ADVANCED
■to be as good as something 与…一样好
• The concert was brilliant - it lived up to all our expectations. 音乐会很棒——一点都没有让我们失望。
verb[lɪv/
  Phrasal Verbs  live with sb ADVANCED
■to share a home with someone and have a sexual relationship with them although you are not married 与（某人）未婚同居
verb[lɪv/
  Phrasal Verbs  live with sth
■to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation 接受，容忍（困境或令人不快的情形）
• I can't change the situation so I'm going to have to learn to live with it. 既然无法改变这种状况，我只好试着去接受它。
adjective]laɪv/
HAVING LIFE 活的
 ADVANCED [before noun]
■having life 活的
• Millions of live animals are shipped around the world each year. 每年有数百万只动物被运到世界各地。
• There was a tank of live lobsters in the restaurant. 餐厅里有一箱活龙虾。
adjective]laɪv/
AS IT HAPPENS 在其发生的同时
 IMPROVER
■(of a performance) broadcast, recorded or seen while it is happening 现场直播的，现场录制的；实况转播的
• This evening there will be a live broadcast of the debate. 今晚将现场直播这场辩论。
• a live recording 现场录音
adjective]laɪv/
ELECTRICITY 电
■(of a wire) carrying or charged with electricity （电线）带电的
• a live wire 火线
adjective]laɪv/
ABLE TO EXPLODE 可爆炸的
■able to explode 可爆炸的
• live rounds of ammunition 数发实弹
• live shells 实弹
adjective]laɪv/
BURNING 燃烧的
■(of a fire, coals or a match) still burning or able to burn （火、煤炭或火柴）燃烧的，可燃的
• There are live coals in the fireplace. 壁炉里的煤还在燃烧。
adverb
■broadcast as it happens or performing in front of an audience 直播地；现场播出地
• I've got two tickets to see them (perform) live. 我有两张看他们现场演出的门票。
go live live 1 * If a new system, especially a computer system, goes live, it starts to operate
（新系统，尤指电脑系统）开始运行；开始工作
• Our new payments system will go live at the beginning of next month. 下个月初我们新的付费系统将开始运作。
dwell, inhabit, reside, settle, lodge, live
这组词都有“居住、定居”的意思，其区别是：
dwell: 文学上的用词，口语中通常用live代替。
inhabit: 强调人或动物居住在某个地区并已适应某种特殊环境。
reside: 书面用词，指合法的永久性居住，也指在豪华的住宅里居住。
settle: 侧重指某人定居于城市、国家或地区，而不指居住的住所。
lodge: 指短时间或临时住宿。
live: 最普通用词，指固定的居住，可以是长期的，也可以是临时的。
lively, alive, living, live
lively: 意为活波的
alive: 活着的,定表均可,定语后置, all the people alive
living: 活着的,定表均可, all the living people
live: 活着的,只能做定语,
exist, live, be
这组词都有“存在”的意思，其区别是：
exist: 通常指可观察到的或众所周知的存在现象。
live: 多指有生命的东西的存在。指无生命事物时，强调可联想起生命的那些特点。
be: 指某时某地确存在的事物或现象，多与there连用。
adj. 活的；生动的；实况转播的；精力充沛的
 - telling, vivid, vigorous, energetic
vt. 经历；度过
 - spend, suffer, experience, undergo, last
vi. 活；居住；生存
 - exist, belong, room, harbor, dwell

Word: abdomen
Front: abdomen
[ˈæbdəmən] (研 9711/12361 -1)
Vocabulary: abdomen
(once / 1115 pages)
n
Your abdomen is the middle part of the front of your body, between your chest area and your pelvis. If the doctor asks if your abdomen hurts, the doctor wants to know if you have any pain in your belly area.
The word abdomen is also the name used for the cavity, enclosed by the abdominal muscles, that contains the organs in the abdominal area. The abdomen's contents in humans include your stomach, liver, spleen, small intestine, and kidneys. The word abdomen is sometimes shortened to abs, especially in infomercials and health clubs when referring to the muscles of your abdomen and how you should want flat ones.
WORD FAMILY
abdomen: abdomens, abdominal +/ abdominal: abdominally, abdominals
USAGE EXAMPLES
He suffered a gunshot wound in the abdomen and a broken wrist in the encounter.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Authorities were still searching for the suspect when he arrived Wednesday night at Henry Ford Allegiance Health with a reported gunshot wound to his abdomen.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Over the next three years, his parents and doctors watched, helpless, as wounds opened up on his abdomen and leaked faeces.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 腹部; [虫]腹部; 下腹; 腹腔
分布：腹部(100%)
→来自拉丁语abdo, 隐藏，形容腹部是藏脏腑之处。前缀ab-, 从，从...离开，d同单词do, 放置，做，-o中缀，-men, 名词后缀。
n.腹,下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)The manager has an enlarged abdomen.经理大腹便便.
【记】Ab离开，do做，men人。不作事的人。考G辛苦吧！因为这是个久坐的职业，写书更辛苦！这本书的每一个字都是我腹部积累的结晶。更何况不做事的人呢？？？注意：考G虽好，还要爱人喜欢。不要忘记每天锻炼身体。另记：bd，像不像两个挺着肚子的men?
【参】abdominal（adj 腹部的）【九阴真经第二章】歪打正着。先做个试验：默写1）放纵；放弃2）（在数量上）减轻，减少3）腹部，下腹你会惊异的发现，英文单词的拼写是如此之简单，以至于穿袜子都变得很难了。你再也不用在纸上狂抄一千遍来记住一个单词的拼写了。相反，你是被迫记住的，想忘都困难，很幸福吧J。
['æb.də.mən] specialized
noun countable
■the lower part of a person's or animal's body, which contains the stomach, bowels and other organs, or the end of an insect's body （人或动物的）腹（部）；（昆虫的）腹部
n. [动] 腹部；下腹；腹腔
 - stomach, pleon

Word: speculative
Front: speculative
[ˈspekjələtɪv] (宝 9713/6945 -1)
Vocabulary: speculative
(once / 972 pages)
adj
Speculative describes very risky and unproven ideas or chances. You might have great ideas about starting your own business but your plans are speculative until you earn money from them.
Speculative describes abstract ideas — usually with high risk — that often come with excitement and expectation too. A speculative investment could mean putting lots of cash into a business or real estate property hoping it will make money later. Anything speculative is based on prediction: whatever it is hasn't happened yet.
WORD FAMILY
speculative: speculatively, speculativeness+/ speculate: speculated, speculates, speculating, speculation, speculative, speculator / speculation: speculations/ speculator: speculators
USAGE EXAMPLES
But prosecutors called that argument “far-fetched and speculative” in court papers filed in New York federal court Friday.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
What the government did not foresee was an explosion of speculative bond trading by Chinese banks.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The challenge for policymakers will be in ensuring home ownership remains attractive even as they put in place curbs to temper a speculative rally.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 投机的; 思考的; 推理的，揣摩的
分布：投机的(55%)，推测的(24%)，思索的(15%)，推理的(6%)
→speculate,推测，猜测，投机，-ive,形容词后缀。
US [-ɪv] adjective
GUESS 猜测
■based on a guess and not on information 猜测的；推测的，推断的
• The article was dismissed as highly speculative. 该文被斥为纯属臆测而未予理会。
UK ['spek.jʊ.lə.tɪv] US [-ɪv] adjective
TRADE 交易
■bought or done in order to make a profit in the future 投机性的，投机买卖的
• The office block was built as a speculative venture. 盖这栋办公大楼是一桩投机生意。
adj. 投机的；推测的；思索性的
 - conjectural

Word: conspire
Front: conspire
[kənˈspaɪə(r)] (研托宝 9702/9624 -1)
Vocabulary: conspire
(once / 223 pages)
v
When you conspire, you collaborate with others to do harm, or maybe just keep something from happening, like a group that conspires to get tuna melts booted from the lunch menu by urging everyone to order other things.
You can conspire with someone, meaning you team up with another person to plot against someone else, or you can conspire against someone. This means you devise a scheme to do that person harm. Conspire also can be used in a more figurative sense to describe events that cause problems, like bad weather that may conspire against your picnic plans, or a series of injuries that conspire against a basketball team struggling to make the playoffs.
WORD FAMILY
conspire: conspiracy, conspirative, conspirator, conspired, conspires, conspiring+/ conspiracy: conspiracies/ conspirator: conspiratorial, conspirators/ conspiratorial: conspiratorially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He died a day after being indicted for allegedly conspiring to rig bids, a charge he denied.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Ramsey claimed the TV network, production company Critical Content and expert interviewees conspired to defame him for publicity and profit.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 搞阴谋; 协力促成
vt. 阴谋策划
时态：conspired, conspiring, conspires
分布：阴谋(63%)，协力(37%)
→con-, 强调。-spir, 呼吸，词源同spirit, respire.
同谋(con共同+spire→同呼吸→同谋)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
【记】con共同，spire呼吸－共同呼吸就是一个鼻孔出气－搞阴谋
【参】perspire（v 出汗）；inspiration（n 灵感）conspiracy（n 阴谋）；conspirator（n 阴谋者，谋叛者）
US [-'spaɪr] verb intransitive
■to plan secretly with other people to do something bad, illegal or against someone's wishes 密谋；共谋；图谋
• [+ to infinitive] He felt that his colleagues were conspiring together to remove him from his job. 他觉得同事们在密谋把他从工作岗位上挤走。
• As girls, the sisters used to conspire with each other against their brother. 还是小女孩的时候，姐妹俩常常在一起密谋对付她们的哥哥。
UK [kən'spaɪər] US [-'spaɪr] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  conspire against sth (also conspire to do sth)
■If events or conditions conspire against something or conspire to do something, they combine in such a way that they spoil your plans （事情、环境）共同导致（计划失败）
• The weather had conspired to ruin their day out. 坏天气凑在一起，天公也不作美，破坏了他们的一日游。
• I'd planned a romantic evening together, but circumstances conspired against it - friends arrived unexpectedly and then Dave was called out to an emergency. 我计划两人共度一个浪漫的夜晚，可是事不凑巧——先是朋友们不期而至，接着戴夫被叫去出急诊。
vi. [法] 共谋；协力
 - cooperate, concert

Word: prescribed
Front: prescribed
[prɪ'skraɪbd] (托 9697/7877)
Back: adj. 规定的，法定的
v. 开药方( prescribe的过去式和过去分词 ); 指示; 规定; 指定遵守
分布：规定的(100%)
adjective
RULE 符合规定的
■set by a rule or order 规定的，法定的
• The product will have to meet internationally prescribed (= demanded) standards. 该产品必须符合国际规定的标准。
[prɪ'skraɪbd] adjective
MEDICINE 药物
■decided by a doctor as treatment 处方的
• The patient was taking a widely prescribed sedative. 该病人在服用一种常用的处方镇定剂。
adj. 规定的
 - specified, stated, regulation, set, stipulated

Word: twenty-first
Front: twenty-first
[ˈtwenti: fə:st] None
Back: 第二十一
分布：第二十一(100%)

Word: bearded
Front: bearded
['bɪədɪd] (9708/11716)
Vocabulary: bearded
(once / 1181 pages)
adj
Someone who's bearded has a beard. If your grandfather is often mistaken for Santa Claus because of his bushy white beard, you can describe him as bearded.
Men with beards — whether they're trimmed short or worn long and full — are bearded. Women can be bearded as well, though it's less common, and so can Billy goats, with their tufted little beards. The adjective bearded is sometimes even used to describe plants, like the bearded iris, which grows a prominent bushy "beard" on its lower petals. Bearded comes from the noun beard, with its Germanic root, barthaz.
WORD FAMILY
beard: bearded, bearding, beardless, beards
USAGE EXAMPLES
A bearded man wearing a gray fleece, his eyes puffy, approached the table.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Forget about the notions of unwashed bearded men living in caves.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
He led his bearded rebels to victorious revolution in 1959, embraced Soviet-style communism and challenged U.S. power during his half-century of rule in Cuba.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （男子）有胡须的; （植物）有芒的; （鱼钩等）有倒刺的; （编结针等）有钩的
分布：有胡须的(100%)
US ['bɪr.dɪd] adjective
■with a beard 有胡须的
• A thin, bearded man sat opposite me on the train. 火车上，一个瘦瘦的、留着山羊胡的男人坐在我对面。
adj. 有芒的；有胡子的；有须的
 - awny, awned

Word: partition
Front: partition
[pɑ:ˈtɪʃn] (六雅宝 9717/8564 -1)
Vocabulary: partition
(once / 843 pages)
1nv 2n
A partition is something that divides space. When your younger brother decides to stop bathing, setting up a partition between his side of the room and yours seems like a good idea...until you realize your partition is not air-tight.
Partition can be used as a noun or as a verb. As a noun, it usually refers to a physical barrier between spaces. As a verb, to partition is to separate into sections — like to partition an office space into different work spaces. One can also partition something that does not involve physical space — like when you partition school life from home life, you are splitting your life into two parts that don’t intersect.
WORD FAMILY
partition: partitioned, partitioning, partitionist, partitions+/partitioned: unpartitioned/partitionist: partitionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 18-year-old was handcuffed and placed in the back of a police car with no partition.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some 600,000 Israelis now live in the two areas, complicating any partition of the land between Israel and a future Palestine.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Partition Resolution, which called for Jerusalem to be a “corpus separatum under a special international regime . . . administered by the United Nations.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 划分，分开; 分割; 隔离物; 隔墙
vt. 分开，隔开; 区分; 分割
时态：partitioned, partitioning, partitions
分布：划分(46%)，分割(33%)，隔开(9%)，区分(7%)，隔离物(5%)
→来自part,分开，部分，-ition,名词后缀。引申词义隔断，隔墙。
分开,划分(part+ition→[分成]部分)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
瓜分,隔开(part部分)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
US [pɑ:r-] noun
DIVIDING STRUCTURE 分隔物
countable
■a vertical structure like a thin wall which separates one part of a room or building from another 隔墙，隔板
• The partitions between the toilets were very thin. 厕所间的隔板很薄。
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] noun
NATIONAL DIVISION 国家的分裂
uncountable
■the dividing of a country into separate countries or areas of government （国家的）分割，分裂，分治
• The partition of India occurred in 1947. 印度在1947年发生分裂。
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] verb transitive
DIVIDE ROOM 分隔房间
■to divide one part of a room from another with a thin wall 分隔，隔开
• Why don't you partition that large room into a lounge and a dining-room? 你为甚么不把那个大房间隔成起居室和饭厅呢？
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] verb transitive
DIVIDE COUNTRY 分割国家
■to divide a country into separate areas of government （国家的）分割，分裂，分治
• Ireland was partitioned in 1921. 爱尔兰在1921年出现分裂。
n. [计] 划分，分开； [数] 分割； [建] 隔墙；隔离物
 - division, segmentation
vt. [数] 分割；分隔；区分
 - segment, deleave

Word: uniformed
Front: uniformed
[ˈju:nɪfɔ:md] (9719/10022)
Back: adj. 穿制服的，穿军服的
vt. 使统一，穿制服(uniform的过去式和过去分词)
分布：穿制服的(90%)，穿军服的(6%)，动词uniform的过去式和过去分词形式.(4%)
ADJ
穿（着）制服的
If you use uniformed to describe someone who does a particular job, you mean that they are wearing a uniform.
例：...uniformed policemen.身穿制服的警察

Word: shadowy
Front: shadowy
[ˈʃædəʊi] (六 9710/9891 -1)
Vocabulary: shadowy
(once / 616 pages)
adj
The adjective shadowy is good for describing things that are mysterious or hard to see, like a dim figure in the fog or the social rules of a typical middle school.
Indistinct or faint objects are shadowy, whether they're distant people standing in a dark alley or birds you can barely see against the choppy surface of the ocean. You can also describe something that's ghostly or unreal as shadowy. A shadowy room or a shadowy figure brushing past you would both be insubstantial and vaguely spooky. The root of shadowy is the Old English word sceadu, "shade, shadow, or darkness."
WORD FAMILY
shadowy: shadowily, shadowiness+/ foreshadow: foreshadowed, foreshadowing, foreshadows/ foreshadowing: foreshadowings/overshadow: overshadowed, overshadowing, overshadows/ shadow: foreshadow, overshadow, shadowed, shadower, shadowing, shadows, shadowy /shadowed: unshadowed/shadower: shadowers/shadowing: shadowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A minute into a monitoring round on recent morning, the shadowy shapes of six turtles jetted across a reef.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, we keep seeing the same vague flashes of flames and shadowy figures.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The shadowy forms imply the rest of the forest, as well as what’s beyond.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 朦胧的; 似影子的，模糊的; 虚无的; 影影绰绰
分布：朦胧的(47%)，阴暗的(41%)，鲜为人知的(12%)
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■dark and full of shadows 多阴影的；阴暗的，幽暗的
• She was startled by a sudden movement in the shadowy hallway. 幽暗的走廊中突然有动静，把她吓了一跳。
■describes someone or something about which little is known 不详的，鲜为人知的
• The English king, Arthur, is a somewhat shadowy figure who may not have even existed. 英格兰国王亚瑟是个有些扑朔迷离的人物，可能这个人并不存在。
• They are members of some shadowy extremist group. 他们是某个神秘极端主义组织的成员。
adj. 朦胧的；有阴影的；虚无的；暗黑的
 - hazy, bleary

Word: oust
Front: oust
[aʊst] (托雅宝 9709/9965 -2)
Vocabulary: oust
(once / 1181 pages)
v
A teacher may oust you from class if you are being disruptive, or you might oust your class president from her position if you beat her in the election. To oust is to “expel,” “kick out,” or “remove and replace.”
When you oust someone, you are “giving them the boot.” A sports team is ousted from a tournament if they lose an elimination round. Oust often implies both removal and replacement. The automobile, for instance, ousted the horse as the preferred means of travel. Likewise, when a politician ousts someone from office they are taking that person’s place in office. And if you beat the all-time record in a hot-dog eating tournament, then you oust the previous record holder from their position.
WORD FAMILY
oust: ousted, ouster, ousting, ousts+/ ouster: ousters/ousting: oustings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Saudi-led coalition intervened in Yemen’s war after the rebels ousted the government last year.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But he also said that Moscow would not be ousting American diplomats.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Creutzig sees other subtler food security impacts at play as well—like the ousting of millions of smallscale farmers, as cities expand.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 驱逐，罢黜; 取代; 剥夺
时态：ousted, ousting, ousts
分布：取代(50%)，逐出(30%)，夺取(20%)
→来自古法语oster,驱逐，赶走，来自拉丁语obstare,站在对面，阻止，阻碍，来自ob-,相对，对着的，-st,站，站立，词源同stand.引申词义剥夺，罢免。词义演变比较obviate.
【记】源于：out出去！
【反】instate（v 任命）
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to force someone to leave a position of power, job, place or competition 将…赶下台；罢免；废黜；赶走；淘汰
• The president was ousted (from power)in a military coup in January 1987. 总统在1987年1月的一次军事政变中被赶下台。
• Police are trying to oust drug dealers from the city centre. 警方正试图将毒品贩子们从市中心撵走。
• The champions were defeated by Arsenal and ousted from the League Cup. 冠军们被阿森纳队打败，并被淘汰出联赛杯。
vt. 驱逐；剥夺；取代
 - shear, expel

Word: deterrent
Front: deterrent
[dɪˈterənt] (托 9721/7188 -1)
Vocabulary: deterrent
(once / 3685 pages)
nadj
A deterrent makes you not want to do something. Let's say there's a giant pile of cookies being guarded by an angry dog — the dog is a deterrent.
People talk about deterrents most often when discussing crime. The death penalty is supposed to be a deterrent — the idea is that people will be so scared of the death penalty that they won't commit certain crimes. Jail is another deterrent. Teachers also use deterrents — the possibility of getting detention is a deterrent that should encourage students to behave. A deterrent is the opposite of a reward. A reward encourages you to do the right thing, while a deterrent discourages you from doing the wrong thing.
WORD FAMILY
deterrent: deterrence, deterrently, deterrents+/ deter: determent, deterred, deterrent, deterring, deters/determent: determents/deterred: undeterred
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If they’re guilty, they should be penalized in a deterrent fashion,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Opinions differ on whether the dolls are an effective deterrent to teen pregnancy, however.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Tacoma police spokeswoman Loretta Cool said she doesn’t think Barrow’s box serves as a deterrent or is a good idea.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 制止物; 威慑物
adj. 制止的; 遏制的
分布：威慑的(55%)，威慑物(45%)
→来自deter, 震慑，威慑。
威慑的阻化剂(deter+r+ent)[terr=frighten表示"恐,怕"]
【记】源于deter：低着头要rent房租－威慑的
【反】incentive（n 动机；adj 激励的）；inducement（n 动机；引诱物）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■something which deters people from doing something 威慑，障碍，遏制
• a nuclear deterrent 核威慑
• Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as (= be) a deterrent to other would-be offenders. 从严判决可以起到震慑其他潜在犯罪者的作用。
adj. 遏制的，威慑的；制止的
 - restraining, suppressing
n. 威慑；妨碍物；挽留的事物
 - preventer

Word: reserved
Front: reserved
[rɪˈzɜ:vd] (9716/11251 -2)
Vocabulary: reserved
(once / 205 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're reserved, you're the opposite of a loudmouth or a cut-up: you're polite, you have a lot of self-control, and you don't show your feelings.
Reserved can also mean "set aside." If your seats at a concert are reserved, that means they're saved for you. If there aren't any reserved seats — if it's all general admission — you should get there early to get a good seat.
WORD FAMILY
reserved: reservedly, unreserved+/ reservation: reservations/ reserve: reservation, reserved, reserves, reserving, reservist/reservist: reservists/unreserved: unreservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because evidence of mitigating factors is supposed to be reserved for the penalty phase, Judge Gergel allowed him little leeway.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms. Reynolds, offstage, was a gift she reserved for her daughter and family alone.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Jacomo is not the maitre d’ of film, that cool and reserved character who shows you to the table without a word.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 预订的; 矜持的; 储藏着的
v. 保留[储备]某物( reserve的过去式)
分布：保留的(49%)，预订的(19%)，含蓄的(17%)，缄默的(15%)
→来自 reserve,保留。比喻用法。
保留的;沉默的[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
【反】expansive（adj 易膨胀的；豪爽的）
US [-'zɝ:vd] adjective
PERSON 人
■describes people who do not often talk about or show their feelings or thoughts 拘谨；矜持；内向
• a quiet, reserved woman 一位安静、矜持的女子
• The English have a reputation for being reserved. 英国人以矜持闻名。
UK [rɪ'zɜ:vd] US [-'zɝ:vd] adjective
KEPT 保留
■Reserved tickets, seats, etc are ones which someone has arranged to be kept for them 保留的，预订的（门票、座位等）
• May I sit here, or is this seat/table reserved? 我可以坐这里吗？还是这个座位／餐桌已经被预订了？
adj. 保留的，预订的；缄默的，冷淡的；包租的
 - cold, saving, retained

Word: swelling
Front: swelling
[ˈswelɪŋ] (托 9722/14561 -K1)
Back: n. 肿胀; 膨胀; 增大
v. 肿胀(swell的ing形式); 增强; 骄傲，自满
分布：膨胀(98%)，动词swell的现在分词.(1%)，肿胀物(1%)
→swell,膨胀，肿胀，-ing,动名词后缀。
noun countable or uncountable
■a part of your body which has become bigger because of illness or injury 肿的地方，肿胀处，肿块
• Put your foot into cold water to help the swelling go down. 把脚放到凉水里泡一下，有助消肿。
n. [临床] 肿胀；膨胀；增大；涨水
 - expansion, inflation
adj. 膨胀的；肿大的；突起的
 - intumescent, inflatable
v. [临床] 肿胀；膨胀；增多；趾高气扬（swell的ing形式）
 - inflating

Word: sly
Front: sly
[slaɪ] (研四六托宝 9698/9181 -1)
Vocabulary: sly
(once / 596 pages)
adj
When you're sly, you're crafty, cunning, tricky, and wily. Being sly is being deceitful, though not in the worst way.
If you're good at lying, you're quite sly: people who are sly are good at pulling one over on other people. Being sly helps you get away with things. If you made a mess in your house but got your parents to blame the dog, that was sly. Being sly means you're not being honest, but this word has kind of a harmless flavor to it. Someone who killed someone and lied about it would not be described as sly. Slyness has to do with smaller, sneakier, more harmless kinds of lying.
WORD FAMILY
sly: slier, sliest, slily, slyer, slyest, slyly, slyness+/slyness: slynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fry’s film is a sly satire that still resonates today.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
As a major architect of funk, George Clinton deserves a place in music history alongside James Brown and Sly Stone.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
At the time, it sounded somewhere between false modesty and sly self-deprecation.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡猾的，狡诈的; 暗中的，偷偷摸摸的; 顽皮的，淘气的; <方>灵活的，巧妙的
分布：狡猾的(73%)，淘气的(17%)，会心的(7%)，诡异的(3%)
→来自中古英语 sly,来自古诺斯语 sloegr,狡猾的，狡诈的，可能来自 Proto-Germanic*slogiz,活 泼的，敏捷的，狡猾的，来自 slak,击打，攻击，词源同 slay,sleight.
a.狡猾的,偷偷摸摸的With his lips the sly fly clipped the slippery slipper that eclipsed his sight.狡猾的苍蝇用嘴唇夹住遮挡他视线的滑拖鞋.
【记】死赖－死赖在你们家要钱－狡诈虚伪的
【反】artless（adj 朴实的）；ingenuous（adj 坦白直率的）
adjective (slyer, slyest)
■deceiving people in a clever way in order to get what you want 狡猾的，狡诈的
• He's a sly old devil - I wouldn't trust him with my money. 他是个老滑头——我不会把钱交付给他的。
[before noun]
■seeming to know secrets 诡秘的
• "You'll find out eventually," said Mary with a sly smile. “你最后就知道了，”玛丽诡秘地笑着说。
[slaɪ] noun
on the sly
■If you do something on the sly, you do it secretly because you should not be doing it 暗中，偷偷地
• He drives his mother's car on the sly while she's at work. 他趁母亲上班的时候偷开她的汽车。
sly, cunning
这组词都有“狡猾的”的意思，其区别是：
sly: 指竭力掩饰其意图，靠蒙混或表里不一等隐蔽手法达到个人目的。
cunning: 指凭诡计达到狡诈的目的。
adj. 狡猾的；淘气的；诡密的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, tricky

Word: hairy
Front: hairy
[ˈheəri] (9707/10143 -1)
Vocabulary: hairy
(once / 1291 pages)
1adj 2adj
Hairy things are furry or fuzzy — covered with hair. If your hairy dog lies on your bed, your bed may end up hairy as well.
If your dad has a bushy beard, he has a hairy face, and while some kinds of caterpillars are sleek and smooth, others are hairy. Informally, you can also use hairy to mean "scary." The biggest roller coaster at an amusement park will probably have a few hairy loops and turns. This slang meaning has evolved from its original use as "difficult," dating back to the 1840s.
WORD FAMILY
hairy: hairier, hairiest, hairily, hairiness, nonhairy+/ hair: hairless, hairlike, hairs, hairy /hairless: hairlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Bavarian town of Kirchseeon, residents dressed as hairy, masked monsters marched through the streets in a traditional "Perchten" parade on Sunday.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
And yet Australia's "hairy panic" raised more than a few smiles around the world.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
His impressive stature – for his species – led researchers to nickname him Chewie after the towering hairy Wookiee in Star Wars.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 多毛的; 毛制的，仿毛的; [俚] 险象环生的，危险的
级别：hairier, hairiest
分布：多毛的(70%)，长毛的(20%)，令人恐怖的(5%)，难对付的(5%)
US ['her.i] adjective
WITH HAIR 有毛发的
■having a lot of hair, especially on parts of the body other than the head （尤指头部以外的部位）多毛的，毛茸茸的
• hairy armpits/legs 多毛的腋窝／腿
• a hairy chest 毛茸茸的胸膛
UK ['heə.ri] US ['her.i] adjective
FRIGHTENING 吓人的 informal
■frightening or dangerous, especially in a way that is exciting 惊险的；（尤指）刺激的
• I like going on the back of Laurent's motorbike, though it can get a bit hairy. 我喜欢坐在劳伦特的摩托车后座上兜风，虽然有时有些惊险。
adj. [昆] 多毛的；毛状的；长毛的
 - comous, pileous

Word: pioneering
Front: pioneering
[ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ] (托 9727/8974 -1)
Back: adj. 首创的; 先驱的; 开创性的
v. pioneer的现在分词
分布：先驱的(65%)，开创的(25%)，动词pioneer的现在分词形式.(10%)
→来自pioneer,先驱，先锋。
US [-'nɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
■using ideas and methods that have never been used before 先驱性的，开创性的
• pioneering techniques 创新技术
• a pioneering surgeon 前卫的外科医生
adj. 首创的；先驱的
 - precursory

Word: entice
Front: entice
[ɪnˈtaɪs] (托宝 9712/11110 -1)
Vocabulary: entice
(once / 1113 pages)
v
Let's say your friend wants to go to the movies and you don't want to. Your friend might try to entice you by offering to buy you popcorn and a soda. Entice means to persuade with promises of something.
The word entice means to lure or tempt someone by promising them something that they like. It is a little manipulative but in a fairly straightforward way. You always know it when someone is enticing you. If a company really wants to hire you, they will entice you with a good salary and generous benefits. The promise of a gold star is often enough to entice small children to get good grades.
WORD FAMILY
entice: enticed, enticement, entices, enticing +/enticement: enticements/ enticing: enticingest, enticingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Answering a few questions will keep everyone satisfied — and duly enticed for the following week’s “live” performance.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
But the Zhengzhou operation shows the extent of China’s effort to entice overseas multinationals to set up production in the country.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Just a little bit of leg, nothing more,” the emcee boomed into the microphone, trying to entice the women.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 诱惑; 怂恿
时态：enticed, enticing, entices
分布：引诱(55%)，诱使(45%)
→词源不详，可能来自拉丁语titio, 火把，即煽风点火，引诱。或来自titillate, 挠痒，挑逗。
【参】enticing（adj 引诱的；迷人的）＝attractive
【反】formidable（adj 可怕的）－enticing
verb transitive
■to persuade someone to do something by offering them something pleasant 诱惑；诱使；引诱
• The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don't really want. 广告诱使顾客购买他们并不真正需要的东西。
• People are being enticed away from the profession by higher salaries elsewhere. 别处更加丰厚的薪水诱使人们辞职另谋高就。
• [+ to infinitive] A smell of coffee in the doorway enticed people to enter the shop. 门口飘出的咖啡香味使得人们闻香驻足，进入店内。
vt. 诱使；怂恿
 - encourage, egg on

Word: squarely
Front: squarely
[ˈskweəli] (托 9723/11379 -1)
Back: adv. 直角地，笔直地; 规规矩矩地，公正地; 干脆地; 成方形
分布：坚定地(23%)，成方形地(22%)，成直角地(22%)，直接地(22%)，公平地(11%)
→square,方的，直的，-ly,副词后缀。引申词义径直地，直截了当地。
US ['skwer] adverb
DIRECTLY 直接地 (also square)
■directly and certainly 径直地；直截了当地；毫不含糊地
• She refused to come down squarely on either side of the argument. 她拒绝直接加入争论的任何一方。
• She punched him square on the jaw. 她一拳不偏不倚正中他的下颌。
UK ['skweə.li] US ['skwer] adverb
STRAIGHT 直的
■evenly balanced, not to one side 合适地；公正地
• She stood squarely, with her feet apart. 她两脚分开，站得笔直。
adv. 直角地；诚实地；正好；干脆地；正当地
 - just, direct

Word: quantify
Front: quantify
[ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ] (研六 9701/8904 -1)
Vocabulary: quantify
(once / 12236 pages)
v
When you quantify something, you're putting it in numbers. If you're asked to quantify the fingers on your hand, you better say five.
If you like math, this word is for you: quantifying is counting or expressing something in numbers. Oddly enough quantify often comes into play when people are trying to count things that can't really be counted. When a doctor asks you to rate your pain on a scale of 1 to 10, he's asking you to quantify for your pain. Michael Jordan won 6 NBA championships, but you can't quantify what made him great: his drive and determination.
WORD FAMILY
quantify: quantifiable, quantification, quantified, quantifies, quantifying+/quantifiable: quantifiability/quantification: quantifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there was no way to quantify that process, other than by weight.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And some people are tech geeks, absorbed in new ways to record or quantify or manipulate data.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Quantifying the full climate impact of U.S. oil being traded globally is complicated.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 确定…的数量; [逻辑学] 用量词限定
时态：quantified, quantifying, quantifies
分布：量化(96%)，用数量表示(4%)
→来自quantity,数量，-fy,使。
v.确定数量;量度
US ['kwɑ:n.tˌə-] verb transitive
■to measure or judge the size or amount of something 确定…的大小（或数量）
• It's difficult to quantify how many people will be affected by the change. 很难确定将有多少人受到该变化的影响。

Word: postseason
Front: postseason
[pəʊst'si:zn] (9747/-)
Back: n. 赛季后
分布：赛季后(100%)
US ['poʊst-] mainly US
adjective
■describes games that are played after the end of the sports season （比赛）季后的
• The Garden State Bowl kicks off the postseason college football games. 花园州橄榄球季后赛揭开了大学橄榄球季后赛的序幕。

Word: communion
Vocabulary: communion
(once / 889 pages)
n
A communion is an intimate connection. Many people enjoy hiking in the woods in order to have a sort of communion with nature.
When you connect in a meaningful way with something, or intimately share your feelings with someone, you experience a communion. The word implies a deep connection, particularly a spiritual one. A Communion, with a capital C and also called Holy Communion, is a Christian religious service involving consecrated bread and wine. The Latin root of communion is communionem, meaning "fellowship, mutual participation, or sharing."
WORD FAMILY
communion: communions, intercommunion+/ commune: communed, communes, communing, communion, communise, communize/communise: communisation/communize: communization, communized, communizing/intercommunion: intercommunions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Iran three men who converted to Christianity were recently sentenced to 80 lashes for drinking communion wine.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
We live these moments, seeking communion with others and with ourselves, and connection to the ancient roots and human longings they fulfill.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
How can a successful oil executive, who is now the global leader of the Anglican communion, empathise with those in abject need?
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)

Word: recurring
Front: recurring
[rɪ'kɜ:rɪŋ] (托 9718/11163)
Vocabulary: recurring
(once / 1950 pages)
adj
Something recurring happens over and over. When you have a recurring cough, it could be something serious, like bronchitis.
This is a word for things that keep popping up or returning, like flowers are a recurring subject of the artist Georgia O’Keefe’s paintings. Recurring lateness is a habit your teacher or boss won’t tolerate. Lots of people have recurring health problems, such as back pain or sore knees. A guest character on a TV show who shows up once in awhile is a recurring character: they just keep coming back.
WORD FAMILY
recurring: recurringly+/ recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs/ recurrence: recurrences/ recurrent: recurrently
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a recurring promise among presidential aspirants in South Korea.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the next morning, he was woken up by that recurring train whistle, which is somehow connected to his adolescent trauma.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 再发生，复发( recur的现在分词 ); 再现
分布：循环的(72%)，再发的(19%)，动词recur的现在分词.(9%)
US [-'kɝ:.ɪŋ] (also recurrent)
adjective
■happening many times, or happening again 反复出现；再次发生；重新产生
• The father-daughter relationship is a recurring theme in her novels. 父女关系是她小说中一再出现的主题。
• For much of his life he suffered from recurring bouts of depression. 大半生的时间里，他一再遭受抑郁症的折磨。
• LeFanu suffered all his life from a recurrent nightmare that he was trapped in a falling house. 莱法纽一生中老是做同样一个恶梦：被困在一间正在倒塌的房子里。
adj. 循环的；再发的
 - circular, cyclic
v. 返回（recur的现在分词）
 - returning

Word: silicon
Front: silicon
[ˈsɪlɪkən] (研六 8531/8279 -1)
Back: n. <化>硅; 硅元素
分布：硅(100%)
n.硅Bonus is a stimulus for me to study the silicon in the bacon.奖金是我研究薰肉中硅原子的动力.
noun uncountable
■a grey element which is found combined with oxygen in a large number of common minerals, and which has unusual electrical characteristics （化学元素）硅

Word: interpretive
Front: interpretive
[ɪn'tɜ:prɪtɪv] (9714/22543)
Vocabulary: interpretive
(once / 29402 pages)
adj
Use the adjective interpretive to describe things that explain or define, like an interpretive dance that uses movements and gestures to convey the meaning of a piece of music.
Interpretive comes from the Latin word interpretari, which means "explain, expound, understand." Inter- means "between" or "among," so you know there will be two or more parts to things that are interpretive. It's a subjective response that involves the thing that's being interpreted and the person doing the interpreting. A reader might have an interpretive response to a book, a guide will give an interpretative description of a painting for a tour group, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
interpret: interpretable, interpretation, interpretative, interpreted, interpreter, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, reinterpret +/ interpretation: interpretations/ interpretative: interpretatively/ interpreter: interpreters/interpreting: interpretings/ misinterpret: misinterpretation, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets/ misinterpretation: misinterpretations/ reinterpret: reinterpretation, reinterpreted, reinterpreting, reinterprets/ reinterpretation: reinterpretations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Nubian Sun performed an interpretive dance celebrating the principles of creativity and faith.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But that information would need lots of interpretive work to produce anything more than anecdotal curiosities.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Washington directs with an ear for Wilson’s singular dialogue as well as a master’s interpretive of Wilson’s complex themes and family dynamics.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 作为说明的，解释的
分布：解释的(82%)，说明的(18%)
US [-'tɝ:.prə.tˌə.tˌɪv] (also interpretative) formal
adjective
■related to explaining or understanding the meaning of something 解释的，阐释的；理解的
• an interpretive display/centre 示范／阐释中心
adj. 解释的；作为说明的
 - explanatory, expositive

Word: prom
Front: prom
[prɒm] (9700/21802 -1)
Vocabulary: prom
(once / 6355 pages)
n
A prom is a formal dance at the end of a school year. For many American high schools, the senior prom is a big deal. Kids get dressed up and then get embarrassed by parents who take too many photos.
Students going to a prom will sometimes rent limousines to get there, and dress in fancy gowns and tuxedos. The prom itself is generally a much fancier version of a school dance, often held in a hotel or a gussied-up school gymnasium. The word dates from the late nineteenth century, an American English shortening of promenade, which means "to stroll," but also "to dance in couples with joined hands."
WORD FAMILY
prom: proms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In April, a shooting outside the prom at Antigo High School left the small northern Wisconsin city shaken.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
They suggest classical music should continue to change form and that we might even one day see a game music prom.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Though some people were leaving, Prom said that the shelters were for those who were determined to stay.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 正式舞会，毕业舞会
分布：可编程序的只读存储器(100%)
→缩写自promenade.
US [prɑ:m] noun countable
PARTY 聚会 US a formal party held for older students at the end of the school year, at which there is dancing （学年末为高年级学生举行的）正式舞会
• Who are you taking to the Senior Prom? 你带谁去参加毕业舞会？
UK [prɒm] US [prɑ:m] noun countable
PATH 小路 informal for
■ promenade

Word: marrow
Front: marrow
[ˈmærəʊ] (托雅宝 9735/11814 -1)
Vocabulary: marrow
(once / 1643 pages)
1n 2n
The soft stuff inside of a bone is called marrow. Many people cook with marrow from beef bones and consider it a delicacy.
Dogs love to gnaw on bones, trying to get at the marrow inside, and many soups and other recipes call for marrow, which is tender and fatty. Human beings, of course, have marrow inside their bones as well, and certain diseases can be treated by marrow transplants. From this biological kind of marrow comes a figurative meaning of marrow — the essence of something. You might say, "This sentence represents the marrow of the novel."
WORD FAMILY
marrow: marrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
The drug, vadastuximab talirine, is being tested to treat acute myeloid leukemia, an aggressive cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
They are found in bone marrow, as well as other tissues such as cord blood, dental pulp and fat.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A bone-marrow flan, meant to be spread on toasted brioche with a savory mushroom marmalade, was very delicate but didn’t taste much like marrow.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 骨髓; 脊髓; 滋养品; 〈英〉食用葫芦
分布：骨髓(97%)，西葫芦(1%)，精华(1%)，活力(1%)
→来自古英语mearg,来自Proto-Germanic*mazga,来自mozgo,骨髓。后引申词义精髓。西葫芦义词源不详。
【记】marrow很narrow（adj 狭窄的）
US [-oʊ] noun
TISSUE 组织
uncountable (also bone marrow)
■soft tissue containing a lot of fat in the centre of a bone 髓，骨髓
UK ['mær.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
VEGETABLE 蔬菜
countable or uncountable UK (mainly US squash)
■a long round vegetable with a thick green or yellow skin, white flesh and a lot of seeds at its centre 西葫芦
UK ['mær.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
be chilled/frozen to the marrow mainly UK
■to be extremely cold 寒冷彻骨
n. 髓， [解剖] 骨髓；精华；活力
 - essence, energy, vitality, elite, flower

Word: denote
Front: denote
[dɪˈnəʊt] (研六托雅宝 9748/6148 -1)
Vocabulary: denote
(once / 542 pages)
v
To denote is to draw attention to something or to show what it means. All of the googly-eyed looks that a girl gives to a boy might do more to denote her feelings for him than leaving a note in his locker.
Denote comes from the Latin root dēnotāre, "to mark out." Using a particular facial expression can denote meaning, as in, "All of the crinkled foreheads and squinted eyebrows denoted a lack of understanding among the math students." Words and symbols also point to, or denote, meaning, "If he had used PST to denote the fact that he was in the Pacific time zone, she would have known that it was only 4:00 a.m. and too early to call from New York."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
connote / denote
Don't let the rhyme fool you — to connote is to imply a meaning or condition, and to denote is to define exactly. Connote is like giving a hint, but to denote is to refer to something outright.
To connote is to suggest a connection. The word red can connote danger; we use the color red in warning signs to signify danger. Only words and symbols can connote something; people imply it. Here are some hints:
The "Good Old Days" connote a fond remembrance of better times in the past. (Forbes)
"Dear is a bit too intimate and connotes a personal relationship," Ms Barry told the paper. (BBC)
The word red also denotes a color, and a blue wheelchair painted on a parking spot denotes handicap parking. A word's denotation is its literal meaning. You can also use denote to mean to indicate something or to be a sign of something:
With the meters no longer denoting each spot, drivers can fill up a parking lane as they see fit, whether efficiently or inconsiderately. (New York Times)
Blue colours denote wetter earth; yellow colours show drier conditions. (BBC)
According to Garner's Modern American Usage , use of connote for denote is at stage 3 of language change: it's common even among educated speakers and writers. To keep it straight remember that connote is like imply, and denote is telling you like it is.Musical notes denote sound. What's denote? It's a B-flat. Get it?
WORD FAMILY
denote: denotation, denotative, denoted, denotes, denoting, denotive+/ denotation: denotations/denotative: denotatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until recently, there was news and “not news” – as denoted by comments of “that’s not news” below the line on more light-hearted stories or features.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
If these high priests declare a story fake, it will be denoted as “Disputed by 3rd Party Fact-Checkers” and perhaps demoted in a news feed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
While “ancient grains” is a marketing term, not a scientific one, it does denote healthy whole, unrefined grains.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 指代; 预示; 代表; 意思是
时态：denoted, denoting, denotes
分布：表示(97%)，象征(3%)
→de-, 向下，强调。note, 记号。即做上记号，预示。
指示;表示(de加强+note→加强注意→指示)[Not=know,表示"知道,注意"]
vt.表示,意味着The notorious man's noted notation denotes a notable secret.那个臭名昭著的男子的著名符号代表一个值得关注的秘密.
【记】note作标记
【区】connote（v 暗示那些没有明显表示出来的意义＝suggest＝imply）
US [-'noʊt] verb transitive
■to represent something 表示，代表
• The colour red is used to denote passion or danger. 红色用于表示激情或危险。
denote, indicate, imply, mean, suggest, signify, represent
这组词都有“表示……的意思”的意思，其区别是：
denote: 指某一词字面或狭义的意思，或指某些符号或迹象的特指含义。
indicate: 指明显的表示。
imply: 侧重用文字或符号表示的联想，暗示。
mean: 最普通用词。指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义。
suggest: 通常指暗含地、隐晦地表达意思。
signify: 指用文字、说话或表情等表示单纯的意思。
represent: 指体现或代表。
vt. 表示，指示
 - bid, bespeak

Word: orbital
Front: orbital
[ˈɔ:bɪtl] (托 9732/16616 -1)
Vocabulary: orbital
(once / 8107 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's orbital has something to do with an orbit. A satellite's orbital path is the exact route it takes as it travels around the Earth.
When planets, moons, or spacecraft move around other objects in an orbit — a curved, regular path — you can describe this movement as orbital. An orbital period is the length of time it takes a craft or body to make a complete pass around the object it orbits. Another way to use this adjective is to mean "relating to an eye socket," which is actually its earliest meaning. The Latin root is orbita, "wheel track, beaten path, course, or orbit."
WORD FAMILY
orbital: suborbital+/ orbit: orbital, orbited, orbiter, orbiting, orbits/orbiter: orbiters
USAGE EXAMPLES
All four men were arrested following an explosion at the Shell petrol station on North Orbital Road in Denham on 8 September.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
GM's long-term tests would be done by Orbital ATK, a Virginia engineering company that already has determined the cause of Takata inflator ruptures.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
A fully operational Galileo system is regarded as a constellation of 24, split across three orbital planes in the sky.
BBC(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 轨道的; 眼窝的
分布：轨道的(74%)，眼窝的(22%)，高速环形路(4%)
轨道的[orbit=circle,表示"圆圈"]
ADJ
（道路）环城的，绕城的，外环的
An orbital road goes all the way round a large city.
例：...a new orbital road round Paris.一条新修的巴黎外环道路
ADJ
轨道的
Orbital describes things relating to the orbit of an object in space.
例：The newly discovered world followed an orbital path unlike that of any other planet.新发现的这个天体具有不同于任何其他行星的运行轨道。

Word: occupied
Front: occupied
[ˈɒkjupaɪd] (9726/8001 -K)
Vocabulary: occupied
(once / 94 pages)
adj
Something that's occupied is being used or is unavailable. If the sign on the restroom door says occupied, it means there's someone in there and you're just going to have to wait.
If every seat on the subway is occupied, you'll have to stand, and if the apartment you were hoping to rent is occupied, you'll have to start your search all over again. When you're busy with work, you're occupied — you're engaged, or distracted by it. And when a country is occupied, it's been invaded and taken over by a foreign power — this last meaning was first used during World War II, referring to German-occupied France.
WORD FAMILY
occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
SHILOH, West Bank — Through eight years of escalating criticism from the world’s most powerful leader, Israeli construction in these sacred, militarily occupied hills never stopped.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Israel’s main ally, for allowing the United Nations to censure his government over its controversial plans to build new settlements in the occupied West Bank.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Security Council resolution that the U.S. allowed to pass on Friday says that all of east Jerusalem is now occupied territory.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 已占用的，在使用的，无空闲的
v. 占领( occupy的过去式和过去分词 ); 使用; 使从事; 任职
分布：使用中的(32%)，忙的(23%)，已被占的(15%)，从事的(15%)，动词occupy的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
US ['ɑ:.kjʊ-] adjective
■describes a place that is being controlled by an army or group of people that has moved into it 占有的，占用的（形容被军队占领的地方或因为人口搬迁而被占用的地方）
• occupied territory 被占领地；被占领区
• She spent two years in occupied Paris (= Paris when it was under foreign control) during the war. 战争期间她在沦陷的巴黎呆了两年。
adj. 已占用的；使用中的；无空闲的
 - engaged

Word: platinum
Front: platinum
[ˈplætɪnəm] (9742/12429 -1)
Vocabulary: platinum
(once / 1770 pages)
n
Platinum is a chemical element that's a heavy, precious metal. If you want a really fancy wedding band, go for platinum.
Have you ever heard of a musician's album going platinum? In the U.S., that means it sold a million copies, and platinum is the precious metal used to symbolize such success. Platinum is one of the periodic table of elements, and it's often found in copper and nickel ores. Platinum won't corrode, and its color is somewhere between grey and white. Another use of this term is when someone dyes their hair so blonde it’s almost white: that’s platinum blonde.
WORD FAMILY
platinum: platinize, platinums+/platinize: platinized
USAGE EXAMPLES
All six Platinum executives pleaded not guilty and an attorney for Shulse told Reuters he plans to do the same.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Nordlicht and six other Platinum Partners executives were charged with several counts of securities fraud and conspiracy the Eastern District of Court Monday.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Mark Nordlicht, Platinum Partners' chief investment officer, was charged with securities fraud conspiracy and other offenses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [化学] 铂，白金; 唱片集达100万张的销售量; 银灰色
adj. 唱片集已售出100万张的
分布：铂(70%)，白金(28%)，白金的(2%)
→来自西班牙语platina,铂，白金，来自plata,银板，词源同plate,-ina,小词后缀。-um,表金属元素。因这种金属形如白银，当西班人18世纪初在中南美洲发现这种金属时，认为这是一种劣质白银，因而命名platina,小银，次等白银。
US ['plæt.nəm] noun uncountable
■an extremely valuable metal that is silvery in colour, used in jewellery and in industry 铂，白金
• a platinum wedding ring 白金结婚戒指
n. [化学] 铂； [材] 白金；唱片集达100万张的销售量；银灰色
 - silver, sliver-grey

Word: self-conscious
Front: self-conscious
[ˈselfˈkɔnʃəs] (-1)
Vocabulary: self-conscious
(once / 1160 pages)
adj
Use the adjective self-conscious to describe someone who is ill at ease or uncomfortable with himself. A self-conscious person might worry about how he looks or whether he's saying the right things.
Being self-conscious goes beyond just being aware of yourself — when you're self-conscious, you constantly question the way you appear to others. You might feel self-conscious when you stand in front of a group to give a speech, or when you're trying out for a movie or a play. The word first meant "conscious of one's own action" when it emerged in the 1680's, and by 1830's it had come to mean "preoccupied with one's own personality."
WORD FAMILY
self-conscious: self-consciously, self-consciousness+/ conscious: consciously, consciousness, nonconscious, self-conscious, semiconscious, subconscious, unconscious / consciousness: consciousnesses/semiconscious: semiconsciously, semiconsciousness/ subconscious: subconsciouses, subconsciously, subconsciousness/ unconscious: unconsciously, unconsciousness/unconsciousness: unconsciousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Self-conscious attempts at reverse engineering are almost always an embarrassing flop.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What once represented a self-conscious homage to video-game history now too often signals a genuine lack of new ideas.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
He’s always cautiously optimistic, and even as his rapping gets better he’s remains just as self-conscious as ever.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 害羞的，不自然的; 忸怩的; <哲><心>有自我意识的; 自觉的
分布：自觉的(64%)，不自然的(27%)，难为情的(9%)
US [-'kɑ:n-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■nervous or uncomfortable because you know what people think about you or your actions 局促不安的；不自在的
• He looked uncomfortable, like a self-conscious adolescent who's gone to the wrong party. 他看起来不太自在，好像一个来错晚会的紧张少年。
adj. 自觉的
 - subjective, autopsychic

Word: radiant
Front: radiant
[ˈreɪdiənt] (研六托 9731/14368 -1)
Vocabulary: radiant
(once / 466 pages)
adj
The adjective radiant is useful for describing anything that glows with warmth or light. When you open your eyes on a sunny summer morning and see your curtains glowing with sunlight, you can call them radiant.
Something that shines or glows is radiant, and you can also describe anything that's bright as radiant, like a smile or a powerful emotion ("a radiant sense of happiness"). In science, radiant means "transmitted by radiation," and it usually describes heat, like the radiant heat from an oven. The Latin root is radiantem, "shining," and sometime around 1500 it started being used to describe physical beauty, which Shakespeare did in "Twelfth Night": "Most radiant, exquisite, and unmatchable beauty..."
WORD FAMILY
radiant: radiantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gigantism of the ’30s and ’40s lives on in the massing of all those radiant beauties, moving as one.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
“Perhaps we focused too much on the radiant image of humanity, on the good,” he said in an interview broadcast Sunday.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
For many people in America’s far north, the old-fashioned wood stove — crackling and radiant, and usually cast-iron black — is as Alaskan as it gets.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 照耀的; 辐射的; 容光焕发的
n. 光点; [天]流星群的辐射点
分布：辐射的(41%)，发光的(35%)，明亮的(24%)
→来自 radiate,放射，流露自信。
发光的[rabies 狂犬病radi=ray(光线)]
a.发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的She was radiant with joy.她因高兴而精神焕发.
【记】源于：radiate（v 放射；辐射）
【反】lackluster（n 无光泽）
adjective
HAPPY/BEAUTIFUL 开心的／美丽的
■obviously very happy, or very beautiful 喜气洋洋的；容光焕发的；光彩照人的
• He gave a radiant smile when he heard her news. 当他听到她的消息时，脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容。
['reɪ.di.ənt] adjective
HEAT/LIGHT 光／热
[before noun]
■producing heat or light （使热和／或光）辐射的，放射的，发散的
• a radiant heater 辐射加热器
• the radiant heat of the sun 太阳的辐射热
radiant, bright, brilliant, glowing, luminous
这组词都有“明亮的”的意思，其区别是：
radiant: 侧重光线的射击，也可指像太阳或星星一样发光的东西。
bright: 常用词，与昏暗相对应，侧重形容光线的强度，指一切自身发光明亮或反射光的事物。
brilliant: 指非常亮或亮得引人注目，多含闪耀或反光闪烁之意。
glowing: 指稳定光源发出的明亮持久的光，或燃烧最后阶段产生的红光。
luminous: 着重指发出持续稳定的亮光；可指在黑暗中的发光物。
adj. [核] [物] 辐射的；容光焕发的；光芒四射的
 - roseate, pearlescent
n. 光点；发光的物体
 - bright spot, luminescent spot

Word: timeless
Front: timeless
[ˈtaɪmləs] (9725/11675 -1)
Vocabulary: timeless
(once / 6585 pages)
adj
Something timeless is a classic of some sort that is unchanged by time. It's just as good or true now as when it was created.
One way to compliment things — like art, buildings, or works of literature — is to call them "timeless." If you said a painting from the 1930's is timeless, you're saying it's just as great now as it was then. A timeless proverb is always true, regardless of when it's said. Timeless literature like Shakespeare is always enjoyable. The opposite of timeless is dated: something dated seems stuck in a particular age and is no longer relevant.
WORD FAMILY
timeless: timelessly, timelessness+/mistime: mistimed, mistimes, mistiming/ overtime: overtimes/ time: mistime, overtime, timed, timeless, timely, timer, times, timing/timed: ill-timed, timedly/ timely: timelier, timeliest, timelily, timeliness, untimely /timer: timers/times: timeses/timing: timings/ untimely: untimeliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mencken’s timeless wisdom: A martini is “the only American invention as perfect as the sonnet.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Yes, “The Party” is dated, but Sellers’ comic expressions are timeless — and pricelessly funny.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
It is timeless, though it’s also worth recalling that borrowing privileges are not.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 永恒的，永久的; 不受时间影响的; 长期有效的; 不合时宜的
分布：永恒的(94%)，不受时间影响的(6%)
→time,时间，-less,无，没有。
adjective
NOT CHANGING 不会改变的
■describes something that does not change as the years go past 不受时间影响的；永恒的
• The city has a timeless quality as if it had existed forever. 该市具有一种永恒的品质，似乎它恒古以来就存在。
['taɪm.ləs] adjective
NOT LIMITED 没有限制的
■having a value that is not limited to a particular period but will last forever 不朽的；永恒的；永不过时的
• a timeless book/play/film/classic 一部流传百世的书／戏剧／电影／经典作品
• timeless values/questions 永恒的价值／问题
• Rothko's paintings have a timeless quality. 罗思科的绘画作品具有永恒不变的品质。
adj. 永恒的；不受时间影响的；不合时宜的
 - eternal, permanent, lasting, everlasting

Word: storyteller
Front: storyteller
[ˈstɔ:ritelə(r)] (9724/23560 -1)
Back: n. 讲故事的人，说书人; 故事作者
分布：讲故事者(72%)，撒谎者(28%)
US ['stɔ:r.iˌtel.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who writes, tells or reads stories 故事作者；说书人；讲故事的人

Word: stitch
Front: stitch
[stɪtʃ] (研四六托雅宝 9743/4244 -2)
Vocabulary: stitch
(once / 535 pages)
nv
When a needle pulls thread through fabric and into a loop, that's a stitch. Every quilt, no matter how elaborate, starts with a single stitch.
You can stitch a design on a pillow, or stitch up a hole in your jeans using stitches. Doctors sometimes stitch up patients' skin, too — if you cut yourself badly enough, you might need stitches. Another kind of stitch is a painful cramp in your stomach or side: "I stopped running when I got a stitch." If someone says, "I haven't got a stitch to wear," they're short on clothing. And being "in stitches" means laughing uncontrollably.
WORD FAMILY
stitch: stitched, stitcher, stitchery, stitches, stitching+/stitcher: stitchers/stitching: stitchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hill received stitches for a lower lip laceration and underwent concussion testing.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He earned 4 cents for every label, 2 cents for stitching across the shoulders, 10 cents for a pocket.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Playing armchair product planner, I’d throw a modest amount of money at the dashboard and door panels for some stitching and lighting.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （缝纫或编织中的）一针; 缝法; 衣服; （缝合伤口的）缝线
vt. 缝; 缝补; 缝合裂口; 缝缀
vi. 缝针，缝纫
时态：stitched, stitching, stitches
分布：一针(50%)，缝合(41%)，疼痛(6%)，碎布条(3%)
→来自古英语 stice,刺，插，戳，来自 Proto-Germanic*stikiz,刺，插，来自 steig,刺，插， 词源同 sting,stick.引申词义缝，针脚等。拼写比较 bake,batch.
n.一针;(因跑步引起的)肋部剧痛v.缝(合)The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
【记】源于：sting（n /v 刺；针刺）
noun
THREAD 线
 ADVANCED countable
■a piece of thread sewn in cloth, or the single movement of a needle and thread into and out of the cloth which produces this （缝纫的）针脚；一针
• Secure the two pieces together with a couple of stitches. 缝上几针，把两块布缝在一起。
 ADVANCED countable
■one of the small circles of wool that you make when you are knitting （编织的）一针
• He cast on/off a stitch (= added/removed a length of thread from the needle). 他加了／拆了一针。
• I've dropped a stitch (= lost a length of thread from the needle). 我漏了一针。
countable
■a particular type of stitch made in sewing or knitting , or the pattern which this produces 缝法；针法；编织法；缝制（或编织）的纹样
• a pearl/satin stitch 反针／锻纹刺绣针迹
• The bedspread was embroidered with cross-stitch. 床单上用十字绣绣了花。
countable
■a length of special thread used to join the edges of a deep cut in the flesh （缝合伤口的）缝线；一针
• Her head wounds needed 50 stitches. 她头上的伤口需要缝50针。
• He got hit with a broken bottle and needed five stitches in his cheek. 他被碎瓶子砸中，脸颊上需要缝五针。
not a stitch informal
■without any clothes 一丝不挂，赤裸
• I haven't got a stitch to wear (= I have not got anything to wear) for this party tonight. 今晚的聚会我没有合适的衣服穿。
• She ran down the corridor to the bathroom without a stitch on (= naked). 她一丝不挂地跑过走廊，冲进浴室里。
[stɪtʃ] noun
PAIN 痛苦
countable usually singular
■a sharp pain in the side of your stomach or chest, often caused by not breathing enough when running or laughing （常因跑步或大笑时呼吸不足引起的）肋部刺痛；岔气
• I got a stitch after running for the bus. 我追公车追得岔了气。
[stɪtʃ] noun
in stitches informal
■If a joke or funny story has you in stitches, it makes you laugh uncontrollably. （笑话或有趣的故事）令人笑岔气，让人捧腹
[stɪtʃ] noun
A stitch in time (saves nine). saying
■said to mean that it is better to act or deal with problems immediately, because if action is delayed until later, things will get worse and the problems will take longer to deal with 及时缝一针能省九针；及时行事； 事半功倍
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to sew two things together, or to repair something by sewing 缝；缝合；缝补
• This button needs to be stitched back onto my shirt. 这粒纽扣必须缝回到我的衬衫上。
• Stitch the pieces together along the fold. 沿着折缝将各部分缝在一起。
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stitch sth together informal disapproving
■to create or form something quickly or roughly 匆忙完成；草草应付
• Britain is likely to stitch together some sort of political deal to avoid a confrontation. 英国很可能会为避免冲突而匆忙达成某种政治交易。
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stitch sth/sb up
■to join the two sides of something with stitches, for example torn clothing or a deep cut, or to treat someone who has a deep cut by doing this 缝补（衣物）；缝合（伤口）；为（某人）缝合伤口
• I've ripped my trousers - can you stitch them up for me? 我把裤子划破了——你能帮我补起来吗？
• After giving birth, she was stitched up by a junior doctor. 生产之后，她的伤口是由一名资浅医生缝合的。
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stitch sb up UK slang
■to intentionally make someone look guilty of doing something which they did not do 栽赃给，陷害，诬陷（某人）
• He claims he was stitched up by the police. 他声称他是被警方陷害的。
stitch-up /ˈstɪtʃ.ʌp] noun countable usually singular UK slang 2. a police stitch-up 警方的栽赃
n. 针脚， [服装] 线迹；一针
 - steek
vt. 缝，缝合
 - seam, oversew
vi. 缝，缝合
 - sew up

Word: demolish
Front: demolish
[dɪˈmɒlɪʃ] (托雅宝 9728/5530 -1)
Vocabulary: demolish
(once / 895 pages)
v
Demolish means “completely destroy,” as a wrecking ball might demolish a building, or as hanging out with one’s parents might, supposedly, demolish a teenager’s reputation.
In casual speech, demolish can also mean “devour,” as a group of hungry teenagers might demolish a pizza. The noun form of demolish is demolition, which often implies destruction by means of explosives. Demolish combines the prefix de-, which can mean “undo,” with the Latin verb moliri, meaning “to build" — which makes sense if you are thinking of 'undoing a building' with explosives!
WORD FAMILY
demolish: demolished, demolishes, demolishing, demolition +/ demolition: demolitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carandiru was Latin America’s largest jail before it was demolished in the aftermath of that uprising.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
His hope, however far-fetched, was that Trump, by demolishing traditional Party ideologies, might somehow help people move beyond hardened partisan positions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The current stadium will be demolished after the move is completed.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 摧毁，拆毁（建筑物等）; 毁坏，破坏; 推翻; 驳倒（论点、理论等）
时态：demolished, demolishing, demolishes
分布：拆毁(46%)，破坏(39%)，驳倒(15%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-mol, 建造，大块，词源同mole, molecule. 即拆除已建造的。
US [-'mɑ:.lɪʃ] verb transitive
DESTROY 毁坏
 ADVANCED
■to completely destroy a building, especially in order to use the land for something else （尤指为利用土地而）拆除，拆毁
• A number of houses were demolished so that the supermarket could be built. 为了修建超级市场，很多房屋被拆除了。
■to say or prove that an argument or theory is wrong 推翻（论点），颠覆（理论）
• He completely demolished all her arguments. 他彻底推翻了她的全部论点。
UK [dɪ'mɒl.ɪʃ] US [-'mɑ:.lɪʃ] verb transitive
DEFEAT 击败
■to easily defeat someone 轻易击败，轻取
• In a surprise result, Hibs demolished Rangers 5-0. 希伯尼安队出人意料地以5比0的比分轻易击败流浪者队。
UK [dɪ'mɒl.ɪʃ] US [-'mɑ:.lɪʃ] verb transitive
EAT 吃 humorous
■to quickly eat all the food you have been given 狼吞虎咽地吃；很快吃光
• Joe demolished an enormous plateful of sausages and chips. 祖狼吞虎咽地吃光了满满一大碟香肠和薯条。
vt. 拆除；破坏；毁坏；推翻；驳倒
 - destroy, undermine

Word: motion
Front: motion
[ˈməʊʃn] (研四六托雅 1822/1767 -K3)
Vocabulary: motion
(once / 72 pages)
nv
Motion is the way things get from place to place. The ball rolling down a hill is in motion, and as Isaac Newton once proved, it will remain in motion until it hits a wall or something else that makes it stop.
When motion is used as a noun, it describes movement, like the motion that propels a car from one end of the highway to another. When used as a verb, motion means to signal or direct. "A restaurant patron will motion to the server when he's ready for the check." Someone who is just "going through the motions" doesn't have to move at all, because they're just pretending.
WORD FAMILY
motion: motional, motioned, motioning, motionless, motions+/ motionless: motionlessly, motionlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The motion that prompted Monday’s hearing was submitted under seal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2012, the Michigan Legislature passed Public Act 520 establishing wolves a game species and setting in motion plans for a statewide hunting season.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The impeachment motion cites the pardons in accusing Ms. Park of selling favors.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 运动; 手势; 动机，意向; 请求
vt. 打手势; 向某人点头或摇头示意; 打手势要求[指示]
vi. 运动; 打手势
时态：motioned, motioning, motions
分布：运动(70%)，动作(12%)，提议(7%)，移动(5%)，打手势(3%)，大便(1%)，示意(1%)，向 ... 打手势(1%)
→来自拉丁语movere,运动，移动，词源同move.-t,过去分词后缀。
运动(mot+ion)[mot=move,表示"动"]
n.运动,动;提议,动议v.提议,动议She motioned to the waiter.他向侍者打了个手势.
US ['moʊ-] noun
MOVEMENT 移动
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■the act or process of moving, or a particular action or movement 动；运动；移动
• The violent motion of the ship upset his stomach. 船的剧烈摇晃使他的胃很不舒服。
• He rocked the cradle with a gentle backwards and forwards motion. 他轻轻地前后晃动摇篮。
• They showed the goal again in slow motion (= at a slower speed so that the action could be more clearly seen). 他们用慢动作又播了一次进球画面。
countable UK
■a polite way of referring to the process of excretion of solid waste, or the waste itself 排便，大便，粪便（委婉语）
• The nurse asked if her motions were regular. 护士问她排便是否正常。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] noun
SUGGESTION 建议
countable
■a formal suggestion made, discussed and voted on at a meeting （会议中正式提出准备表决的）提议，动议
• [+ to infinitive] Someone proposed a motion to increase the membership fee to £500 a year. 有人提议将会费增加至每年500英镑。
• The motion was accepted/passed/defeated/rejected. 提议获得接受／获得通过／被驳倒／遭到否决。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] noun
go through the motions informal disapproving
■to do something without thinking it is very important or having much interest in it 装装样子；敷衍了事
• He says he's been investigating my complaint, but I feel he's just going through the motions. 他说他一直在调查我的投诉，可我觉得他只是在敷衍了事。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] noun
put/set sth in motion
■to start a machine or process 使…开始运转，启动
• Once the printing processes have been put in motion, they're not so easy to stop. 印刷程式一旦开始，就不容易停下来。
• We wrote to the passport office to set the whole process in motion. 我们写信到护照办公室启动一整套程式。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make a signal to someone, usually with your hand or head 做手势；点（或摇）头示意
• I saw him motion to the man at the door, who quietly left. 我看到他向门口的人示意，那人便悄然离开了。
• Her attendants all gathered round her, but she motioned them away. 随从都围到她身边，但她示意他们离开。
• [+ obj + to infinitive] He motioned me to sit down. 他示意叫我坐下。
movement, motion, move
这组词都有“运动”的意思，其区别是：
movement: 通常抽象地指有规则的动作或定向运动，特指政治性的运动。
motion: 指不处于静止状态而在移动的过程中，强调运动本身，而不涉及其动因。
move: 着重开始的行动或变化。
n. 动作；移动；手势；请求；意向
 - removal, intention, move, shift, asking
vi. 运动；打手势
 - do sport, do morning exercise
vt. 运动；向…打手势
 - do sport, do morning exercise

Word: backbone
Front: backbone
[ˈbækbəʊn] (六托 9733/9598 -1)
Back: n. 脊梁骨，脊椎; 分水岭; 支柱; 决心，毅力
分布：骨干(78%)，毅力(8%)，脊骨(7%)，骨气(7%)
US [-boʊn] noun
CENTRAL SUPPORT 中枢，骨干
countable
■the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body; the spine 脊骨，脊椎
• She stood with her backbone rigid. 她直挺挺地站着。
the backbone of sth
■the most important part of something, providing support for everything else 主要成分；支柱；中枢
• Farming and cattle-raising are the backbone of the country's economy. 农业和畜牧业是这个国家的经济支柱。
UK ['bæk.bəʊn] US [-boʊn] noun
STRENGTH 力量
uncountable
■bravery and strength of character 勇气；骨气；刚毅；毅力
• [+ to infinitive] Will he have the backbone to tell them what he thinks? 他有胆量把自己的想法告诉他们吗？
bravery, courage, nerve, backbone
这组词都有“勇气、胆量”的意思，其区别是：
bravery: 指在危险中表现出的无所畏惧精神或在逆境中仍能坚持下去的毅力。
courage: 普通用词。指面对危险或困难时无所畏惧的精神和敢于奋斗的进取心。
nerve: 侧重指面临危险或在冒险的情况下具有冷静、清醒的头脑和坚定无畏的勇气。
backbone: 指性格倔强，意志坚定，有骨气，有顽强的决心去做某事。
n. 支柱；主干网；决心，毅力；脊椎
 - leg, determination, decision, resolution, stay

Word: side
Front: side
[saɪd] (中高雅 249/212 -K5)
Back: n. 面，边; 方面; 侧面; 旁边
adj. 侧面的; 旁边的; 次要的，枝节的; 副的
vi. 支持，同意; 偏袒; 附和; 站在…一边
时态：sided, siding, sides
分布：边(44%)，侧(24%)，方面(8%)，支持(7%)，一方(6%)，侧面(5%)，旁边(3%)，次要的(1%)，边缘(1%)，旁的(1%)
→来自古英语 side,边，侧翼，腹部，来自 Proto-Germanic*sido,边，侧，来自 sei,投掷，发 送，悬垂，垂落。
n.旁边,侧面;坡,岸;一边/侧/方vi.支持Besides this side, I considered both the inside and outside.除了这一面外我还考虑了内外两面.
noun
SURFACE 表面
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a flat outer surface of an object, especially one that is not the top, the bottom, the front or the back 面；（尤指）侧面
• The names of ships are usually painted on their sides. 船的名字通常漆在船的侧面。
• My room is at the side of the house. 我的房间在这栋房屋的侧面。
• Please write on one side of the paper only. 请只在纸的一面书写。
• I've already written four sides (= pages of writing) for my essay. 我的论文已经写了四页纸了。
• Canadian coins have a picture of the Queen's head on one side. 加拿大硬币的一面有女王的头像。
• Please use the side entrance. 请走侧门。
[saɪd] noun
EDGE 侧边
 ESSENTIAL countable
■an edge or border of something 边；边缘
• A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。
• There are trees on both sides of the road. 公路两旁都有树。
• They were surrounded on all sides] on every side by curious children. 他们被好奇的孩子们团团围住。
[saɪd] noun
NEXT TO 相邻
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■a place next to something 旁边，附近
• I have a small table at/by the side of (= next to) my bed. 我的床边有一张小桌子。
• He stayed at/by her side (= with her) throughout her long illness. 在她久病期间，他一直陪伴着她。
⇒ See also alongside;aside;beside
side by side
■next to each other 肩并肩地；一个挨一个地
• The children sat side by side on the sofa watching television. 孩子们肩并肩地坐在沙发上看电视。
[saɪd] noun
PART 部分
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a part of something, especially in relation to a real or imagined central line 一边；一侧
• He likes to sleep on the right side of the bed. 他喜欢睡在床的右边。
• In Britain, cars drive on the left side of the road. 在英国，汽车靠左侧行驶。
• There is no money on my mother's side (of the family). 我娘家那边没有钱。
• I could just see Joan on the far/other side of the room. 我能看见琼在房间的另一边。
• Children came running from all sides (= from all directions). 孩子们从四面八方跑来。
 ESSENTIAL countable usually singular
■the part of the body from under the arm to the top of the leg 肋，肋部
• I have a pain in my side. 我的肋部疼痛。
 ADVANCED countable UK
■a television channel 电视频道
• What side is 'Coronation Street' on? 哪家电视台在播出《加冕街》？
from side to side
■from left to right and from right to left 左右，来回
• The curtains were swinging from side to side in the breeze. 窗帘在微风中来回摆动。
countable usually singular
■half of an animal's body, considered as meat （动物的）肋肉
• She bought a side of lamb from the butcher's shop. 她从肉店里买了半扇羔羊肉。
[saɪd] noun
OPPOSING GROUP 对立方
 ESSENTIAL countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■one of two or more opposing teams or groups （多个相互对立的团队中的）一方
• This is a war which neither side can win. 这是一场双方都无法打赢的战争。
• Our side (= team) lost again on Saturday. 我们队星期六又输了。
• Whose/which side are you on (= which team are you playing for/supporting) ? 你是哪个队的？
• Don't be angry with me - I'm on your side (= I want to help you). 不要生我的气——我是为了你好。
take sides
■to support one person or group rather than another, in an argument or war （在争论或战争中）表明立场，支持一方
• My mother never takes sides when my brother and I argue. 我和弟弟吵架时，我母亲从不偏袒任何一方。
take sb's side
■to support someone in an argument （在争论中）支持（某人）
• My mother always takes my father's side when I argue with him. 我和父亲争论时，母亲总是站在他一边。
[saɪd] noun
OPINION 观点
 ADVANCED countable
■an opinion held in an argument; a way of considering something （争论中的）观点；考虑的角度
• There are at least two sides to every question. 每个问题至少有两个方面。
• I've listened to your side of the story , but I still think you were wrong to do what you did. 我已经听过你对此事的说法，但我仍然认为你的所作所为是错误的。
[saɪd] noun
CHARACTER 性格
countable
■a part of someone's character （性格的）方面
• She seems quite fierce, but actually she has a gentle side. 她看起来很凶，但实际上她也有温柔的一面。
[saɪd] noun
be two sides of the same coin (be different/opposite sides of the same coin)
■If two things are two sides of the same coin, they are very closely related although they seem different 一枚硬币的两面；一个问题的两个方面（如果两件事物是“一枚硬币的两面”，表示两者看起来虽然不同，但关系非常密切）
• Violent behaviour and deep insecurity are often two sides of the same coin. 暴力行为和深层次的不安全感，常常是一个问题的两个方面。
[saɪd] noun
come down on one side of the fence or the other
■to make a decision between two opposing points of view 在两个相反的观点中作出选择
• The election is next week, so you'll have to come down on one side of the fence or other by then. 下周就要选举了，因此你到时必须在两者中作出选择。
[saɪd] noun
get on the right/wrong side of sb
■to make someone pleased/annoyed with you （讨某人）喜欢／令（某人）厌恶
• As a teenager, Clare was always getting on the wrong side of her mother. 克莱尔十几岁的时候总是惹母亲生气。
[saɪd] noun
have sth on your side
■If you have something on your side, it gives you an advantage when you are trying to achieve something 有…的优势
• I thought I would get the job, but the other person who was being considered for it had experience on his side. 我觉得我能得到那份工作，但另外那个人有经验方面的优势。
[saɪd] noun
keep on the right side of sb
■to try to make certain that someone is pleased with you 避免得罪（某人）； 争取（某人）的好感
• Paul kept on the right side of his teachers by doing masses of work. 保罗透过做大量的杂事来获得老师的好感。
[saɪd] noun
on the large / small , etc. side
■too large, small, etc. for a particular purpose 太大／太小等
• This dress is rather on the large side for me. 对我来说，这件裙子太大了。
[saɪd] noun
on the right / wrong side of 40/50, etc.
■looking younger/older than a particular age 看起来比某一年龄小／大
• She looks to me as if she's on the wrong side of 50. 在我看来，她看起来不只50岁。
[saɪd] noun
on the right / wrong side of the law
■obeying/not obeying the law 遵守／违反法律
• After coming out of prison, he tried to stay on the right side of the law. 出狱后，他努力遵规守法。
[saɪd] noun
on the side
■in addition to your main job 兼职
• He makes a little money on the side by cleaning windows in his spare time. 他靠业余时间兼职清洗窗户赚些零用钱。
■secretly 秘密地
• I think he has another woman on the side (= a relationship with a woman who is not his wife). 我认为他还有别的女人。
mainly US (of food in a restaurant) served on another plate, or not on part of the meal （餐馆中的食物）装在另一个盘子里；作为配菜
• I'd like a salad with the dressing on the side (= with the dressing served separately from the salad) , please. 我要一盘沙拉，调味酱单独盛盘。
• I'll have a omelette with fries on the side, please. 我要一个煎蛋饼，另要一盘炸薯条。
[saɪd] noun
the other side of the coin
■a different way of considering a situation, making it seem either better or worse than it did originally 事情的另一面
• I like having a white car, but the other side of the coin is that it soon gets dirty. 我想要一辆白色的轿车，但从另一方面考虑，白色的车不耐脏。
[saɪd] noun
put/lay sth on/to one side
■to not use something, especially an amount of money, in order to keep it for later use 把（尤指钱）存起来以便日后使用
• We have put some money on one side for next year's summer holiday. 我们已经为明年的暑假存了一些钱。
[saɪd] noun
put/leave sth on/to one side
■to stop talking about a particular subject 停止谈论，把…放到一边
• Can we leave the issue of pay on one side for the moment? 我们能不能暂时不谈工资的事情？
[saɪd] noun
take/lead sb on/to one side
■to have a private talk with someone 和（某人）私下交谈
• Bill's father took him to one side and told him to stop behaving so badly. 比尔的父亲和他私下进行了交谈，让他别再那么无礼了。
[saɪd] noun
this side of sth
■before reaching a particular age, date, place, etc. 不到（某年龄）；在（某日期）之前；在（某地方）之外
• I can't believe she's this side of 50. 我无法相信她还不到50岁。
• We don't expect to see Gideon this side of Christmas. 我们不指望在圣诞节前见到吉迪恩。
• This is the best pizza I've eaten this side of (= anywhere other than) Rome. 这是我在罗马以外的地方吃到的最好的比萨。
• Parenting is the most rewarding thing I will do this side of the grave (= in life). 为人父母将是我一生中最值得一做的事。
[saɪd] noun
the wrong / other side of the tracks
■a part of a town that is considered poor and dangerous 贫民区（城镇中被视为贫困和危险的区域）
• Her boyfriend came from the wrong side of the tracks. 她的男朋友来自贫民区。
[saɪd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  side with sb
■to support one person or group in an argument （在争论中）支持（某人或某方），站在（某人）一边 side 1 1. If ever there was any sort of argument, she'd always side with my father against me.
只要有争论，她就总是站在我父亲一边反对我。
[saɪd] adjective [before noun]
■not in or at the centre or main part of something 边；边缘
• We parked the car on a side street/road (= a small road, especially one that joins on to a main road). 我把汽车停在小路上。
• I think that's a side issue (= a subject which is separate from the main one) which we should talk about later. 我认为这是个次要问题，我们应该以后再讨论。
• I'd like a side dish / mainly USside order of potatoes, please (= some potatoes on a separate plate). 我想要盘马铃薯作为配菜。
aspect, side, phase, angle
这组词都有“方面”的意思，其区别是：
aspect: 着重以特定观点对事物进行观察或考虑。
side: 可与aspect和phase换用，但更着重构成事物全貌的一个或多个方面。
phase: 指可以对事物进行观察或描述或考虑的任何方面。
angle: 专指从某一角度去观察、考虑事物的某个方面。
n. 方面；侧面；旁边
 - aspect, respect
vi. 支持；赞助；偏袒
 - support of, root for
vt. 同意，支持
 - undertake, encourage, carry, second, back

Word: nope
Front: nope
[nəʊp] (9734/26124 -1)
Back: adv. 不，不是
分布：不(100%)
→来自no的加强形式，-pe,闭合音。
US [noʊp] slang
adverb
■no 不；不是
• "Are you going out tonight?" "Nope." “今晚你要出去吗？”“不。”
adv. 不是，没有；不
 - non, not to be

Word: berth
Front: berth
[bɜ:θ] (雅 9729/12249 -1)
Vocabulary: berth
(once / 706 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A berth is a bed, usually stacked like bunk beds, on a train or a ship. If you're on an overnight train, you may want to spring for a berth instead of sitting up all night.
You may have heard the phrase "to give someone a wide berth — that means to give them plenty of space. But if you want to use berth as a verb, you better be talking about parking a boat: to berth means to moor or dock a ship. The parking spot itself also happens to be called a berth. So if there's a big storm brewing, you best be sure to berth your boat securely in its berth.
WORD FAMILY
berth: berthed, berthing, berths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some fans thought Western’s record deserved even more recognition than a top 15 spot and a Cotton Bowl berth.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Raiders defeated their next two opponents by a total of seventy-eight points, and secured a berth in the state-championship game.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A victory would’ve virtually guaranteed a playoff berth pending the late result from Green Bay at Detroit.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （船、列车等的）卧铺; （船舶的）停泊位或锚位; （轮船上的）住处; 安全距离
v. 停泊; 供给舱位; 为…提供铺位; 使就职
vi. 停泊; 占铺位
时态：berthed, berthing, berths
分布：卧铺(41%)，停泊(31%)，停泊处(12%)，占铺位(8%)，锚位(6%)，为...提供铺位(1%)，使停泊(1%)
→词源不详，可能同bear, 承载。
US [bɝ:θ] noun countable
■a bed in a boat, train, etc., or a place for a ship or boat to stay in a port （船、火车等上的）床铺；（船只在码头的）泊位
• She booked a berth on the train from London to Aberdeen. 她订了一张由伦敦开往亚伯丁的火车卧铺票。
UK [bɜ:θ] US [bɝ:θ] verb intransitive or transitive
■If a ship or boat berths or if you berth it somewhere, it is tied up and stays in that place （船）停泊；使船停泊
• The ship berthed at Sydney. 轮船停靠在雪梨港。
n. 卧铺；停泊处，锚位；差事
 - sleeper, harbourage
vi. 停泊；占铺位
 - tie up

Word: reign
Front: reign
[reɪn] (研四六托雅宝 7626/3868 -2)
Vocabulary: reign
(once / 112 pages)
nv
Rain falls from above, and people who reign rule from a position above others. They reign over countries and governments, and even over businesses and arts, as in "She used to reign over punk music, always topping the charts."
While reign is a verb when it refers to the actions of a person or group of people, the period of time when they reign is also called a reign, as a noun: "His reign over the rodeo circuit ended when he was tackled by a bull named Princess-Maker." Sometimes a stretch of time is called a reign, even without regard to who was the leader, as in a "reign of peace," or a period of time without war and conflict, in a place or government.
WORD FAMILY
reign: reigned, reigning, reigns
USAGE EXAMPLES
We may finally end the long reign of terror inflicted on us by former Miss USAs, federal judges from Indiana, and Gold Star parents.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The Crimson Tide, the sport’s reigning champions, routed opponents with historic ease this season.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The reigning two-time defensive player of the year missed 10 games last season, the fewest in his first five seasons.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 当政，统治; 占主导地位
vt. 想法、情感或氛围盛行，成为最显著的
n. 君主的统治; 君主统治时期; 任期; 当政期
时态：reigned, reigning, reigns
分布：统治(92%)，支配(5%)，在位期(2%)，君主统治(1%)
→来自拉丁语 regnum,王国，统治，来自 regere,统治，管理，词源同 regal,regulate.
n./v.统治,支配,盛行n.统治时期v.占优势The resigned designer is designated to an assignment of reigning the foreigners.辞职的设计者被指派了一个去统治外国人的任务.
【记】reig＝reg统治
verb intransitive
 IMPROVER
■to be the king or queen of a country 为王，为君；当政；统治
• Queen Victoria reigned over Britain from 1837 to 1901. 维多利亚女王自1837年到1901年间在位统治英国。
■to be the main feeling or quality in a situation or person 主宰；起支配作用；盛行
• The bomb attacks produced a panic which reigned over the city. 炸弹袭击引起的恐慌笼罩全城。
• Love reigned supreme in her heart. 爱情完全占据了她的心。
[reɪn] noun countable
■the period of time when a king or queen rules a country 为王，为君；当政；统治
• the reign of Henry VIII 亨利八世的统治
■a period when a particular person, feeling, or quality is very important or has a strong influence 主宰、支配的时期
• his successful reign as manager of the team 他以经理身份成功驾驭了这个小组
[reɪn] noun countable
a reign of terror
■a period of time when a ruler controls people in a violent and cruel way 恐怖统治（时期）
vi. 统治；支配；盛行；君临
 - predominate over, to rule
n. 统治；统治时期；支配
 - governance, disposal, rule, dominance

Word: semifinal
Front: semifinal
[ˌsemɪ'faɪnəl] (9781/-)
Back: n. 半决赛
分布：半决赛(87%)，半决赛的(13%)
N-COUNT
半决赛
A semi-final is one of the two matches or races in a competition that are held to decide who will compete in the final.
例：Steve Lewis won the first semi-final.史蒂夫·刘易斯赢了第一场半决赛。

Word: transnational
Front: transnational
[ˌtrænzˈnæʃnəl] (9739/10882)
Vocabulary: transnational
(once / 3806 pages)
adj
A transnational company operates in more than one country. A transnational chain of coffee shops, for example, might have cafes in the United States, England, Spain, and China.
Use the adjective transnational to describe companies, policies, languages, or anything else that exists in several nations at the same time. A transnational human rights law could affect every developed country in the world, for instance. Another way to say transnational is international or multinational. The definition of the Latin prefix trans, however, gives a clear clue to the word's meaning: "across, beyond, or to go beyond."
WORD FAMILY
national: International, international, multinational, nationalise, nationalism, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationals, supranational, transnational +/International: Internationals/denationalise: denationalisation, denationalised, denationalising/denationalize: denationalization, denationalized, denationalizes, denationalizing/ international: internationalise, internationalism, internationality, internationalize, internationally/internationalise: internationalisation, internationalised, internationalising/ internationalism: internationalist, internationalistic/internationalist: internationalists/internationality: internationalities/internationalize: internationalization, internationalized, internationalizes, internationalizing/ nation: national, nationhood, nations/nationalise: denationalise, nationalisation, nationalised, nationalising/ nationalism: nationalisms, nationalist, nationalistic, ultranationalism/ nationalist: nationalists/ nationalistic: nationalistically/ nationality: nationalities/ nationalization: nationalizations/nationalize: denationalize, nationalization, nationalized, nationalizes, nationalizing/nationhood: nationhoods/supranational: supranationally/ultranationalism: ultranationalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The illegal caviar trade is often associated with transnational organized crime.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
My friend in Tokyo was a lawyer who dealt with the complexities of transnational airline leases and wore immaculately tailored suits.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The transition team said Bossert would focus on domestic and transnational security issues while Flynn focuses on international security challenges.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 影响数国的，数国参与的，跨国的
分布：跨国的(58%)，超越国界的(42%)
→trans-,转移，穿过，nation,国家。
adjective
■involving several nations 多国的；跨国的
• transnational corporations/companies 跨国公司
• transnational crime/issues 跨国犯罪／问题

Word: seminary
Front: seminary
[ˈsemɪnəri] (宝 9762/21980)
Vocabulary: seminary
(once / 907 pages)
n
What do ministers, priests, rabbis, and children have in common? They all might attend a school that has the word seminary in its name. A seminary is a school, especially one where people train to be religious leaders.
Seminary comes from the Latin word seminarium, meaning "plant nursery," which can be interpreted as, "breeding ground." Like a greenhouse that provides ideal conditions for seeds to grow into hearty plants, a seminary was first a place for young men to become priests. Seminary typically describes religious institutions but it can apply to nonreligious schools as well.
WORD FAMILY
seminary: seminarian, seminaries, seminarist+/seminarian: seminarians/seminarist: seminarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seminary building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Harold:I told her I was born and raised in New Orleans and spent four years in a Catholic seminary.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Moll spent his teenage years in Philadelphia, where his father entered the Lutheran seminary, and in Yonkers, N.Y., where his father preached.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 神学院; 中等学校; 神学院学生
分布：神学院(52%)，学院(43%)，发源地(5%)
→来自拉丁语 seminarium,育种室，来自 semen,种子，-arium,表地方。后引申词义神学院，即 培养牧师的摇篮。
神学院,研究班(semin+ary表示场所→上帝的种子场→神学院)[semin=vseed,表示"种子"]
神学院(semin种子,培养上帝的种子之地)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】semin种子，ary地方－培养上帝种子的地方－神学院
【参】seminar（n 研究会）
US [-ner.i] noun countable
■a college for training people to become priests 神学院
n. 神学院；学校；发源地；高级中学
 - divinity school, Regent College

Word: loaded
Front: loaded
[ˈləʊdɪd] (9746/11243 -2)
Back: adj. 载重的，有负荷的; 充满…的; 〈美俚〉喝醉了的; 〈美俚〉富有的
v. 把…装上车[船]( load的过去式); 装…
分布：装有弹药的(28%)，有钱的(24%)，装有胶卷的(24%)，动词load的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)，喝醉的(8%)，有负载的(8%)
US ['loʊ-] adjective
PUT INTO 放入
■a loaded gun has bullets in it （枪）子弹上膛的
• It's dangerous to leave a loaded gun lying around. 把子弹上了膛的枪随便乱放很危险。
UK ['ləʊ.dɪd] US ['loʊ-] adjective
NOT FAIR 不公平的
■not fair, especially by being helpful to one person instead of another 不公平的；（尤指）对…有利的，偏袒的
• It seems that the report is loaded in favour of the developers. 这篇报道似乎有些偏袒开发商。
loaded question
■a question that has particular words chosen to suggest the answer that is wanted 诱导性问题
• A survey should avoid asking loaded questions. 调查应该避免问一些诱导性的问题。
⇒ See also leading question
UK ['ləʊ.dɪd] US ['loʊ-] adjective
RICH 有钱的
[after verb] informal
■rich 富有的，有钱的
• He inherited the family business - he must be loaded! 他继承了家族企业——一定很有钱！
UK ['ləʊ.dɪd] US ['loʊ-] adjective
DRUNK 喝醉的
[after verb] mainly US slang
■drunk 醉的，喝醉的
• What a party - everyone was loaded! 派对很尽兴——大家都喝醉了！
adj. 负荷的；装填子弹的；装好胶卷的；喝醉了的（美国俚语）；阔绰的（美国俚语）
 - fried, burdened
v. 装载（load的变形）
 - charge up

Word: checkpoint
Front: checkpoint
[ˈtʃekpɔɪnt] (9741/16791 -1)
Back: n. 检查站，车站的行李房
分布：检查站(100%)
noun countable
■a place where people are stopped and asked questions and vehicles are examined, especially at a border between two countries （尤指边境的）检查站；边防关卡
• Checkpoint Charlie used to be the most famous border crossing between East and West Berlin. 查理检查站以前是东西柏林之间最有名的过境处。
n. [计] 检查站，关卡
 - inspection station, toll-gate

Word: authorization
Front: authorization
[ˌɔ:θəraɪˈzeɪʃn] (宝 9750/16170)
Vocabulary: authorization
(once / 4942 pages)
n
Authorization is an official form of approval for something. You'll probably need to get authorization from the owner of a coffee shop before you hang your oil paintings on the walls.
People in control are known as authorities, and their official okay, or authorization, gives you the ability to do something. The authorization of a loan means the bank grants the loan. Authorization can also refer to someone's power — if you are able to fire people, you have the authorization to do so. At the root of authorization is the verb authorize, which comes from the Latin auctor, "master or leader," or "one who causes to grow."
WORD FAMILY
authorization: authorizations+/authorisation: authorisations/authorise: authorisation, authorised, authoriser, authorises, authorising/authorised: unauthorised/ authoritarian: antiauthoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritarians/ authoritative: authoritatively/ authority: authorise, authoritarian, authoritative, authorities, authorize / authorize: authorization, authorizer, authorizes, authorizing/authorizer: authorizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Colombian authorities reported 2,000 Venezuelans last year who were caught working without authorization, Kruger said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In the 2014-15 year, the state issued about 400 bilingual authorizations, Speaks said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The auction of legally obtained ivory antiques, under "strict supervision", will also be allowed after obtaining authorization.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 授权，批准; 批准（或授权）的证书
分布：批准(100%)
授权,批准(author权力,权威)[-ization表名词,来自-ize+ation,"…化"或"发展过程"]
US [ˌɑ:.θɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■official permission for something to happen, or when someone is given official permission to do something 许可（官方许可某事）；授权某人做某事
• This information cannot be disclosed without authorization from a minister. 没有内阁成员的许可，这个资讯不得对外透露。
• [+ to infinitive] The authorization to sell the shares arrived too late. 出售这些股票的授权书来得太晚了。
n. [计] [法] 授权，认可；批准，委任
 - commission, confirmation, warranty

Word: receptor
Front: receptor
[rɪˈseptə(r)] (托 9755/5912 -1)
Back: n. [生]感受器，受体; [电]感受器，接收器; [化]接受器; 感觉器官
分布：受体(95%)，接受器(2%)，感受器(2%)，受话器(1%)
→来自 receive,接收，收到，-pt,过去分词格，-or,表物。引申词义受体。
US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a nerve ending that reacts to a change, such as heat or cold, in the body by sending a message to the central nervous system 感受器
n. [生化] 受体； [电讯] [生理] 接受器；感觉器官
 - ceptor, holding tank

Word: furiously
Front: furiously
['fjʊərɪəslɪ] (9736/8180)
Vocabulary: furiously
(once / 606 pages)
adv
When you do something furiously, you do it in a very angry manner. If you furiously tell your friend to stop looking at her phone while she drives, she's going to know you're serious.
When you write an irate letter to the editor, you're likely to do it furiously, and when you deny another student's accusation that you cheated on a test, you'll respond furiously. Anything you do in an angry way is done furiously. You can also use the adjective to describe something that's done with passion, as when a little girl bicycles furiously downtown, hoping to get there right when the library opens.
WORD FAMILY
furious: furiously, furiousness+/ fury: furies, furious
USAGE EXAMPLES
He grabbed a tissue, doused it with rubbing alcohol and started furiously rubbing at his fingers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
To his left, another hunter furiously waves a big black plastic flag, called a goose flag.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Israel responded furiously, threatening diplomatic reprisals against the countries that voted in favour.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 狂怒地; 狂暴地，猛烈地; 气势汹汹; 怒冲冲
分布：猛烈地(60%)，狂怒地(20%)，有力地(20%)
US ['fjɝ:.i-] adverb
ANGRY WAY 生气
 ADVANCED
■in a very angry way 大发雷霆
• "Get out of here!" she shouted furiously. “滚出去！”她怒喝道。
UK ['fjʊə.ri.ə.sli] US ['fjɝ:.i-] adverb
WITH STRENGTH 强
■with as much effort or strength as possible 用尽全力地，拚命地
• I was pedalling furiously to try to keep up with the other children. 我拼命蹬车试图赶上其他的孩子。
adv. 猛烈地；狂暴地
 - heavily, strong, hard, fiercely, violently

Word: resume
Front: resume
[rɪ'zju:m] (研四六托雅宝 3780/3836 -1)
Vocabulary: resume
(once / 131 pages)
1v 2nv
If you resume something, you start it again after stopping. You might resume singing an aria after breaking to spit out your gum.
Resume is from Latin resumere "to take up again, take back," from the prefix re- "again" plus sumere "to take up, take." The Latin verb sumere is formed from the prefix sub- "under, up" plus emere "to take." When you pause a movie or game and then you press play again, what you're really doing is resuming play.
WORD FAMILY
resume: resumed, resumes, resuming, resumption +/ resumption: resumptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say recovery efforts are resuming in the search for a small plane carrying six people that disappeared over Lake Erie, near Cleveland.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The company said it would resume launches as early as Sunday.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SpaceX is tentatively aiming to resume cargo flights to the space station this month.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 重新开始; 继续; 恢复职位
时态：resumed, resuming, resumes
分布：简历(73%)，履历(15%)，重新开始(9%)，摘要(2%)，再继续(1%)
→re-,再，重新，-sum,承担，拿起，词源同 assume,consume.引申词义重新开始，继续，总结， 小结等，后用于指简历，履历。
拿回;恢复(自由等)(re回+sun+e→拿回去,也可解释为重新拿起,继续)[sum,sumpt=take表示"拿,取"]
n.个人简历v.再继续,重新开始;再用;恢复The perfume consumer presumably assumes that the volume is resumed.香水消费者假定地设想音量已恢复.
US [-'zu:m] formal
verb
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■If an activity resumes, or if you resume it, it starts again after a pause （中断后）继续，重新开始
• Normal services will be resumed in the spring. 春天将恢复正常服务。
• [+ -ing verb] He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking. 他停下来呷了一口水，然后继续发言。
• The talks are due to resume today. 会谈预定今天继续进行。
⇒ See also resumption
transitive
■If you resume a place or position which you have left for a period of time, you return to it 恢复；重新回到，重返（某地或某位置）
• to resume your post/job 重返工作岗位
• Please resume your seats, as the performance will continue in two minutes. 请大家回到自己的座位上去，两分钟后演出继续。
abstract, summary, resume, digest, outline
这组词都有“摘要、概要、概括”的意思，其区别是：
abstract: 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
summary: 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
resume: 源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
digest: 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline: 指配以释议文字的提纲。
resume, succeed, continue, go on
这组词都有“继续”的意思，其区别是：
resume: 指中断后的继续。
succeed: 侧重指有规律地连续。
continue: 普通用词。或指持续而不停止，或有一段中断后又继续下去。
go on: 通俗用词，多用于口语中。go on+-ing表暂停后继续做原事，即后继续的内容与原来的内容相同。go on+不定式指做完某事后，接着做不同的另一件事。
n. [管理] 履历；个人简历；摘要
 - bio, abstract, brief, summary, record
vt. 重新开始；重新获得
 - recover, start over

Word: greasy
Front: greasy
[ˈgri:si] (托 9740/9975 -1)
Back: adj. 油腻的; 谄媚的; 含脂肪多的
级别：greasier, greasiest
分布：油腻的(87%)，油滑的(10%)，滑溜溜的(3%)
adjective
■covered with or full of fat or oil 沾满油脂的；含脂肪的；油腻的
• greasy food/dishes/skin/hair 油腻的食物／油乎乎的盘子／油性皮肤／油性头发
adj. 油腻的；含脂肪多的；谄媚的
 - fat, pinguid

Word: bonding
Front: bonding
[ˈbɒndɪŋ] (9745/12577)
Vocabulary: bonding
(once / 13712 pages)
n
Bonding is what happens when you develop a close emotional connection with another person, or when two things are fastened together. Touching your tongue to a frozen flagpole is one way of bonding, though this is not recommended.
When a baby hippo in the zoo snuggles up to her mother, bonding is happening. And though it may not seem like it, even sitting for hours in the backseat with your annoying little brother is a kind of bonding, or building a relationship through constant contact. In addition to this emotional bonding, there's a physical kind of bonding, like when you superglue a quarter to the floor to trick your little brother.
WORD FAMILY
bonding: bondings+/ bond: bondable, bonded, bonding, bonds
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also remembered bonding with a young John Lennon.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Never afraid to speak her mind, Sozzani channeled her views on Vogue.it, and sharing her opinion on her blog, bonding with readers around the world.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
"Even everyday tasks such as nappy changing are opportunities for bonding with each baby," it said.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 黏结; 连[搭，焊，胶，粘]接，结[耦，焊，接]合，压焊; 砖石砌体砌合
分布：形成的亲密关系(100%)
US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
■the process by which a close emotional relationship is developed 亲密关系的形成
• Much of the bonding between mother and child takes place in those early weeks. 母子之间的亲密关系大都是在早期几周里形成的。
n. 粘合； [机] [电子] 压焊
 - gluing, pasting
adj. 结合的；黏结的
 - combined, conjunct
v. 结合（bond的现在分词）；联系
 - combining

Word: pant
Front: pant
[pænt] (研四六雅 2690/10453 -1)
Vocabulary: pant
(once / 299 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
When you breathe hard and fast, you pant. It's perfectly normal to pant after you finish running a marathon — or even after chasing your runaway dog through the neighborhood.
You might pause at the top of a hill to pant and catch your breath before you continue on your hike. That loud, gasping breath itself is also a pant — but when this noun is plural, it means trousers, slacks, or jeans. Be careful, though — in parts of the UK, pants are primarily women's undergarments. Any pants you wear on you body come from pantaloons, which in the 1600s meant tights.
WORD FAMILY
pant: panted, panting, pants +/panting: pantings/ pants: underpants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe it’s the illustrations, simple black-and-white line drawings of slightly pudgy people in baggy T-shirts and pants doing really simple maneuvers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Sort clothes by type, grouping pants together, then shirts or blouses, jackets or dresses.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Choice period detail: A story about the boom in skiing attributes the sport’s popularity to innovations in “metal skis and stretch pants.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 喘气，喘息; 气喘; 喷气声
vi. 喘气，喘息; 喘着气说，气喘吁吁地讲; 热望，渴望，想; （机车等）喷气
vt. 气喘
时态：panted, panting, pants
分布：喘息(42%)，渴望(33%)，悸动(15%)，气喘吁吁地说(10%)
→可能来自拟声词。
n.喘气v.喘,气喘吁吁地说The merciful merchant wants to grant some merchandise to the panting immigrants.仁慈的商人要给喘气的移民们一些商品.
verb intransitive
■to breathe quickly and loudly through your mouth, usually because you have been doing something very energetic 气喘，喘息
• Matteo arrived at the top of the hill, panting and covered in sweat. 马泰奥到达山顶时气喘吁吁，大汗淋漓。
• [+ speech] "Hurry! They're almost here, " she panted (= said while panting). “快点！他们就要赶上来了，”她气喘吁吁地说。
[pænt] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  pant for/after sb/sth UK
■to want someone or something very much 渴望得到，迫切想要
• The newspapers are panting for details of the scandal. 各家报纸都急于了解该丑闻的详情。
vi. 喘息；渴望；气喘吁吁地说出某事
 - rare, aspire
n. 气喘；喘息；喷气声
 - asthma, wheeziness

Word: populist
Front: populist
['pɒpjəlɪst] (9764/13003 -1)
Vocabulary: populist
(once / 3508 pages)
n
Use the noun populist to describe a person — especially a politician or activist — who works to give regular working people a voice in their government.
In politics, the word populist refers to someone who puts ordinary people's rights above those of the wealthy and powerful. It is basically a synonym of democrat, which when spelled with a lower-case d is simply a person who believes in democratic principles of rule by the people, freedom, and equality. The root of populist is the Latin word for "people," populus.
WORD FAMILY
populist: populists+/ populism: populist
USAGE EXAMPLES
He called Burr a latter-day Catiline, the ancient Roman senator who attempted a populist uprising against the Republic.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But this principled response, though valid, fails to address some big questions implicit in the populist complaint.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
European populists sought to preserve their national institutions against encroaching Europeanization — a term they use sometimes interchangeably with globalization.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 平民主义者; 平民论者; 平民党党员; 民粹主义者
adj. 平民主义的; 平民化的
分布：平民主义者(37%)，平民主义的(33%)，平民论者(19%)，平民化的(11%)
US ['pɑ:.pjə-] adjective
■representing or connected with the ideas and opinions of ordinary people 平民主义的；民粹主义的
• a populist manifesto 平民主义宣言
• a populist leader 民粹主义领袖

Word: devoid
Front: devoid
[dɪˈvɔɪd] (托宝 9749/9605 -1)
Vocabulary: devoid
(once / 972 pages)
adj
You're stranded in the ocean, miles from shore, clinging to a sinking boat, and you can't swim? Sorry to say, your situation is devoid of all hope.
When you fall off a cliff, you fall into the void. Void means empty. Devoid means empty of. When you use it, always answer the question "Of what?" "My wallet is devoid of cash. My teacher is devoid of pity. My cookie jar is devoid of cookies." These examples are devoid of anything not totally depressing!
WORD FAMILY
devoid
USAGE EXAMPLES
As my mother was a Jehovah’s Witness, my childhood was devoid of all the usual opportunities for merrymaking.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The blank industrial lawns cultivated by neighbors are nearly devoid of birds, he noted.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Trump’s was a campaign largely devoid of policy proposals, except for those of erasure and exclusion.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 缺乏，没有
分布：缺乏的(62%)，全无的(38%)
→de-, 强调，完全的。void, 空的。即完全空的，缺乏的。
无的,缺....的(de加强意义+void→空的→无的)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
【记】de使得，void空－空的
【参】avoid（vt 避免；消除）；voidance（n 放出；排泄）
[dɪ'vɔɪd] formal
adjective
be devoid of sth
■to lack or be without something that is necessary or usual 缺乏，缺少
• Their apartment is devoid of all comforts. 他们的公寓没有任何能提供舒适享受的设施。
• He seems to be devoid of compassion. 他似乎缺少同情心。
adj. 缺乏的；全无的
 - lacking, scarce

Word: chaplain
Front: chaplain
[ˈtʃæplɪn] (9778/8943 -1)
Vocabulary: chaplain
(once / 637 pages)
n
A chaplain is usually a religious leader — a minister, rabbi, or other clergy member — who works outside of a church or temple.
You can use the word chaplain to describe the minister who counsels patients at your local hospital. Or, a chaplain could also be a priest who lives and works with soldiers on a battlefield (a military chaplain). These days, many chaplains are non-denominational, not associated with any particular religion. The Latin root word, cappellanus, means "clergyman."
WORD FAMILY
chaplain: chaplaincy, chaplains, chaplainship+/chaplaincy: chaplaincies/chaplainship: chaplainships
USAGE EXAMPLES
A prison chaplain said the riot began after a fight between rival gangs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Christopher played the camp chaplain, a courteous and compassionate presence who counselled medical staff and patients amid the chaos of the war.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Box Jr., a captain and chaplain for the McKinney Fire Department, told him he needed to get a job.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （王宫等的）附属教堂牧师; （军队、医院、监狱等的）牧师; 犹太教教士; （在社团等会议上）执行宗教仪式的牧师（或俗人）
分布：牧师(89%)，专职教士(11%)
→来自chapel, 小教堂。-lain, 小词后缀，见chamberlain.
noun countable
■a Christian official who is responsible for the religious needs of an organization （为某机构提供宗教服务的）牧师，特遣牧师
• the college/hospital/prison chaplain 学院／医院／监狱牧师
n. 牧师；专职教士
 - minister, priest, preacher

Word: armchair
Front: armchair
[ˈɑ:mtʃeə(r)] (高 9757/5766 -1)
Vocabulary: armchair
(once / 1456 pages)
n
An armchair is a comfortable, cushioned chair with a support on each side, where you can rest your arms while you sit. Some armchairs are big enough that you can curl up and read a book in them.
Armchairs are distinguished by their "arms," rests built to comfortably support your arms. Most armchairs are also upholstered and soft enough for you to sink into a bit when you sit down. The word is also used as an adjective to jokingly describe someone who isn't an expert in something but acts like one: "Those armchair athletes always seem to know what the players and coaches should have done."
WORD FAMILY
armchair: armchairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The house was full of bedsits with damp armchairs and splintered floorboards.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Playing armchair product planner, I’d throw a modest amount of money at the dashboard and door panels for some stitching and lighting.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This is a place to linger, to sit in a high-backed armchair by a real fire.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 扶手椅
adj. 脱离实际的; 安逸的
分布：扶手椅(90%)，单人沙发(5%)，安乐椅(3%)，不切实际的(2%)
US ['ɑ:rm.tʃer] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a comfortable chair with sides that support your arms 扶手椅
• She sat in an armchair by the fire, reading a newspaper. 她坐在火炉旁的扶手椅上看报纸。
UK ['ɑ:m.tʃeər] US ['ɑ:rm.tʃer] adjective [before noun]
■describes a person who knows, or says they know, a lot about a subject without having direct experience of it 无实际经验的；不切实际的；空谈的
• an armchair critic /gardener/traveller 夸夸其谈的评论家／手不沾泥的园艺家／足不出户的神游旅行者
armchair, chair, bench, stool
这组词都有“椅子”的意思，其区别是：
armchair: 指有扶手的椅子。
chair: 通常指带有靠背的椅子，有时也指有靠背有扶手的椅子。
bench: 指可供两人或更多人坐的长凳或石凳，多置于公园或划艇中。
stool: 多指方的或圆的无靠背无扶手一人坐的凳子。

Word: immoral
Front: immoral
[ɪˈmɒrəl] (9751/11318 -K1)
Vocabulary: immoral
(once / 823 pages)
adj
Use the adjective immoral to describe a person, group, or situation that intentionally goes against accepted ideas of what is right, like a government that attacks its own people, or a friend who steals your favorite spatula.
Morals are the principles we follow that help us know the difference between right and wrong. When someone is immoral, they make decisions that purposely violate a moral agreement. Immoral is sometimes confused with amoral, which describes someone who has no morals and doesn’t know what right or wrong means. Someone immoral, though, knows the difference and does bad stuff anyway, like that so-called friend who takes your utensils.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amoral / immoral
Both have to do with right and wrong, but amoral means having no sense of either, like a fish, but the evil immoral describes someone who knows the difference, doesn't care, and says "mwah ha ha" while twirling a mustache.
If you are amoral, you're not a jerk, you just don't know that what you're doing is wrong. In the 1800s, Robert Louis Stevenson, author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (among other treasures), coined the word amoral to differentiate from immoral. Amoral is generally more descriptive, rather than judgmental:
In an age enamored of machines, life becomes amoral, without moral bearings, devoid of moral categories. (Edith Sizoo)
Amoral nature committed the crime "the man" could not. (Eye for Film)
Immoral is having no morality, being wicked or evil. If you are immoral, you know what society considers right and wrong, yet you do wrong anyway. It's a judgment, no doubt:
The bankers who took millions while destroying people's savings: greedy, selfish, and immoral. (Business Week)
At best, it is in bad taste and worse, flatly immoral. (Scientific American)
If you call someone immoral, you are saying that person knows better. If you call him amoral, you are saying that person does wrong but doesn't understand that it is wrong. It can be a fine line, other times it's clear: If a giant wave turns your boat over, that wave isn't being mean, it's amoral. If another boat rams into you and does the same thing, that is an immoral act, especially if the immoral captain laughs instead of helping you out of the water.
WORD FAMILY
immoral: immorality, immorally+/amoral: amoralism, amorality, amorally /amoralism: amoralist/amoralist: amoralists/ immorality: immoralities/ moral: amoral, immoral, moralise, moralism, morality, moralize, morally, morals /moralisation: moralisations/moralise: moralisation, moralised, moralises, moralising/moralism: moralisms, moralist / moralist: moralists/moralistic: moralistically/ morality: moralistic, moralities/moralization: moralizations/ moralize: moralization, moralized, moralizes, moralizing/moralizing: moralizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's an illegal, unethical and immoral view of the world," he says.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Along with seven other people, he was publicly punished for committing “immoral acts,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Natural selection is heinously immoral,” he said, invoking Tennyson’s view that nature is “red in tooth and claw.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不道德的; 邪恶的; 猥亵的; 悖德
分布：不道德的(100%)
→im-,不，非，moral,道德的。
不道德的(im+moral道德的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
US [-'mɑ:r-] adjective
■not within society's standards of acceptable, honest and moral behaviour; morally wrong 不道德的；道德败坏的
• an immoral act 不道德的举动
• immoral behaviour 不道德的行为
• It's an immoral tax, because the poor will pay relatively more. 这是不道德的税收，因为穷人相对要付出更多。
Compare amoral ; moral
immoral earnings
■money earned from prostitution (= having sex in exchange for money) 卖淫所得
• If convicted, she could be jailed for five years for living off immoral earnings. 如果被判有罪，她可能会因靠卖淫为生而被监禁五年。
adj. 不道德的；邪恶的；淫荡的
 - evil, ill, black, ugly, wicked

Word: grieve
Front: grieve
[gri:v] (研四六托雅宝 9760/11575 -1)
Vocabulary: grieve
(once / 317 pages)
v
To grieve is to feel sorrow over something, especially people who have died.
The most common use of grieve has to do with death: usually there are grieving family members and grieving friends, feeling sadness over the loss of a loved one. You can also grieve over a pet who died, a job you didn't get, or a favorite pair of shoes that were ruined. Usually there's some kind of loss involved, but as long as you feel extremely sad about something that's happened, you're grieving.
WORD FAMILY
grieve: grieved, griever, grieves, grieving+/griever: grievers/grieving: grievingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Francis lamented that so many people in the world were left grieving because of terrorism.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
She was 39 years old, grieving for her own father.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Players aren’t celebrating or grieving but simply overcome with the emotion of spending three hours in this nation’s most regal football game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使伤心; 使悲伤
vi. 伤心; 悲伤
时态：grieved, grieving, grieves
分布：悲伤(52%)，伤心(30%)，使悲伤(13%)，使伤心(5%)
使悲伤[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"]
v.使悲伤,使伤心She was grieving for her dead baby.她为死去的孩子悲伤.
verb
intransitive
■to feel or express great sadness, especially when someone dies （尤指为某人去世而）悲痛，悲伤，伤心
• He is still grieving for/over his wife. 他仍沉浸在丧妻之痛中。
transitive formal
■to make you feel sad and angry 使伤心；使痛心；使悲愤
• [+ obj + to infinitive] It grieves me to see all this food going to waste. 看到这些食物要被浪费了，我真是痛心。
mourn, grieve
这组词都有“悲伤，伤心”的意思，其区别是：
mourn: 正式用词，含义与grieve很相近，但侧重因某种原因而表现于外表的悲伤、哭泣。
grieve: 通常指因死亡、损失或失败等所造成的内心痛苦。可以是公开表达的，也可以是压抑于内心的。
vt. 使悲伤，使苦恼
 - harry, excruciate
vi. 悲痛，哀悼
 - mourn over, lament over

Word: bathtub
Front: bathtub
[ˈbɑ:θtʌb] (高 9766/34329)
Vocabulary: bathtub
(once / 6805 pages)
n
A bathtub is a bathroom fixture, a tub that you can fill with water for bathing. Some people like to soak in a bathtub at the end of a long day.
Many bathtubs are made of ceramic or porcelain, and they're large enough for an adult to lie down in at least partially submerged in water. Some bathrooms have only a bathtub, or only a shower, while others have both. In Britain, it's more common to call a bathtub simply a bath. During Prohibition in 1920s America, "bathtub gin" referred to any kind of home-brewed alcohol, whether it was actually made in a bathtub or not.
WORD FAMILY
bathtub: bathtubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
She joined her two sisters in the bathtub, sitting up on her own.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Adding other ingredients cut down on the vile taste of bathtub gin.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Seven Pounds is, of course, the movie where a grief-stricken Will Smith commits suicide by sharing a bathtub with a jellyfish.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 浴缸，澡盆
分布：浴缸(100%)
US ['bæθ-] (also tub)
noun countable US for bath

Word: cast
Front: cast
[kɑ:st] (高研四六托雅宝 2035/2328 -K4)
Vocabulary: cast
(once / 56 pages)
1vn 2v 3nv 4vn 5v 6v
A cast is the group of actors who make up a film or stage play. And the act of being chosen for the part? Well, they were cast by the director. That's showbiz for you.
Cast also refers to various types of actions a person can take: if you throw out a fishing line in a particular way, you are said to cast it; if you fancy your chances in Vegas, you cast the dice at the craps table. And if you break a limb and they bandage it up in solid plaster for your friends to write all over? That, too, is a cast.
WORD FAMILY
cast: caster, casting, casts, miscast, precast, recast +/caster: casters/casting: castings, recasting/miscast: miscasting, miscasts/ recast: recasted, recasts/recasting: recastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many readers will feel the same way about “Testimony,” which by detailing a legendary time in musical creativity, casts its own magic.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He is casting global capitalism as an inextricably racial enterprise, one built specifically on racial slavery and its analogues around the world.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Lamarre says he will reopen the show once psychologists say that the cast and crew are ready.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 铸造; 投掷; 投射; 脱落，脱皮
n. 铸型; 演员表; 轻微的斜视; 投，掷骰
vi. 掷，投; 计算，加
时态：cast, casting, casts
分布：投(41%)，铸造(19%)，抛(17%)，掷(9%)，演员阵容(8%)，投掷(2%)，预测(2%)，加起来(1%)，指定演员(1%)
→词源不详。
v.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造;投票;n.演员表The forecaster contrasted the cast castle with the vast desert.预言者将铸造的城堡与广阔的沙漠作了对比.
【反】tout（v 极力赞扬）－cast aspersions on（诽谤）
US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
ACTORS 演员
 ADVANCED transitive
■to choose actors to play particular parts in a play, film or show 挑选…扮演
• He was often cast as the villain. 他经常演反面角色。
• In her latest film she was cast against type (= played a different character than the one she usually played or might be expected to play). 在最近拍的电影中，她改变了戏路。
• figurative They like to cast the opposing political party as (= to say that they are) the party of high taxes. 他们喜欢把敌对政党说成是征收高额税收的政党。
⇒ See also typecast
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
LIGHT 光
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to send light or shadow (= an area of darkness) in a particular direction 把（光或阴影）投向；投射
• The moon cast a white light into the room. 皎洁的月光洒进房间里。
• The tree cast a shadow over/on his face. 树影投在他的脸上。
• figurative Her arrival cast a shadow over/on the party (= made it less pleasant). 她的到场给聚会投上了一丝阴影。
cast light on sth
■to provide an explanation for a situation or problem, or information that makes it easier to understand 使更易理解；有助于说明
• The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct. 恐龙骨架的发现使人们对于恐龙灭绝的原因有了一些认识。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
LOOK 看
cast a look/glance/smile etc.
■to look, smile etc. in a particular direction 看一眼／瞅一眼／向…一笑等
• She cast a quick look in the rear mirror. 她迅速看了一眼后视镜。
cast an/your eye over sth
■to look quickly at something 迅速地看；匆匆浏览
• Could you cast an eye over this report for me? 你能替我看一眼这份报告吗？
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
THROW 扔
transitive + adverb or preposition literary
■to throw something 扔；投；抛；掷
• The knight cast the sword far out into the lake. 骑士将剑远远地扔进湖中。
transitive
■(in fishing) to throw something, such as a line, into the water to catch fish with （钓鱼时）抛，扔（钓线）；撒（网）
• He cast the line to the middle of the river. 他把钓线抛向河中央。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
DOUBT 疑虑
cast doubt/suspicion on sb/sth
■to make people feel less sure about or have less trust in something or someone 使对…产生怀疑
• New evidence has cast doubt on the guilty verdict. 新的证据让人们对判罚有罪的裁决产生了怀疑。
cast aspersions on sb/sth formal
■to criticize or make damaging remarks or judgments about someone or something 使对…产生怀疑
• His opponents cast aspersions on his patriotism. 反对者诋毁他的爱国精神。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
REMEMBER 记起
cast your mind back
■to try to remember 回想；追忆
• If you cast your mind back, you might recall that I never promised to go. 回想一下，你或许会记得我从未答应过要去。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
VOTE 投票
cast a/your vote
■to vote 投票
• All the votes in the election have now been cast and the counting has begun. 这次选举的投票现已全部结束，计票工作已经开始。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
SHAPE 形状
transitive
■to make an object by pouring hot liquid, such as melted metal, into a shaped container where it becomes hard （用熔化的金属等）浇铸，铸造
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
MAGIC 魔法
cast a spell
■to use words thought to be magic, especially in order to have an effect on someone （尤指为对某人产生效力而）施魔法，念咒语；使…入魔
• The old woman cast a spell on the prince and he turned into a frog. 老太婆对王子施了魔法，他变成了一只青蛙。
• figurative At 17 jazz cast its spell on me (= I started to like it very much). 我17岁的时候对爵士乐着了迷。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
SKIN 皮肤
transitive
■If a snake casts its skin, the outer layer of old skin comes off its body. （蛇）蜕（皮）
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
be cast in the same mould
■to be very similar in character to someone else 如出一辙；非常相似
• Everyone who works for that firm seems to be cast in the same mould. 为那家公司工作的人好像都是从一个模子里造出来似的。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
cast your net wide
■to include many people or things when you are looking for something 撒开大网；广泛搜罗
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
cast pearls before swine
■to offer something valuable or good to someone who does not know its value 把有价值的东西给不识货的人；明珠暗投，对牛弹琴
• I'm afraid you're casting pearls before swine with your good advice - he won't listen. 恐怕你给他忠告就好比对牛弹琴——他不会听的。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
  Phrasal Verbs  cast around/about
■to look around for something 四处寻找
• Fashion editors are always casting around for words to describe colours. 时尚杂志的编辑总是挖空心思找字眼来描述各种颜色。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cast sb/sth aside/off formal
■to get rid of someone or something 抛弃；摆脱；把…丢在一旁
• You must cast aside all thoughts of revenge. 你必须打消所有报复的念头。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
  Phrasal Verbs  cast off
LEAVE
■If a boat casts off, it leaves the shore （船）解缆启航
• The ship was scheduled to cast off at 8pm. 这艘船定于晚上八点启航。
FINISH specialized
■in knitting , to use special stitches to finish the thing you are making （编织时）收针
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
  Phrasal Verbs  cast on specialized
■in knitting , to make special stitches to start the thing you are making （编织时）起针，放针
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] verb (cast, cast)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cast sb/sth out literary or old use
■to get rid of someone or something, especially forcefully 把…赶走；驱逐
• Cast out by his family, he was forced to fend for himself. 他被家里人赶了出来，不得不自谋生计。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] noun
ACTORS 演员
 ADVANCED countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the actors in a film, play or show （一部电影、戏剧或演出的）全体演员
• After the final performance, the director threw a party for the cast. 最后一场演出过后，导演为全体演员举办了一个聚会。
• Part of the film's success lies in the strength of the supporting cast (= the actors who were not playing the main parts). 影片的成功部分归功于强大的配角阵容。
UK [kɑ:st] US [kæst] noun
SHAPE 形状
countable
■an object made by pouring hot liquid into a container and leaving it to become solid 铸件，铸造品
countable * a plaster cast
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
vt. 投，抛；计算； [印刷] 浇铸；投射（光、影、视线等）
 - throw, pitch, mould, figure
n. 投掷，抛； [机] 铸件， [古生] 铸型；演员阵容；脱落物
 - putting, throw
vi. 投，抛垂钓鱼钩；计算，把几个数字加起来
 - figure, shy

Word: walkway
Front: walkway
[ˈwɔ:kweɪ] (9774/14774 -1)
Back: n. 走道; 人行道
分布：人行道(66%)，走道(34%)
US ['wɑ:-] noun countable
■a passage or path, especially one which is covered or raised above the ground （尤指有篷或高架的）走道，人行道
n. 通道， [建] 走道
 - door, exit, channel, route, aisle

Word: supernova
Front: supernova
[ˌsu:pəˈnəʊvə] (宝 9744/29079 -1)
Vocabulary: supernova
(once / 24122 pages)
n
Supernova is an astronomical term for a star that explodes like crazy. When a star turns into a supernova, it becomes extremely bright.
Supernova sounds like a superhero, but it refers to the super explosion of a star. A nova is also the explosion of a star, but a supernova has more energy. A supernova happens when a star becomes bright, bursts, and its matter is scattered in all directions, with light and radiation shooting out. Some say our sun will turn into a supernova someday, which would destroy all life on Earth. Don’t worry, that’s a long way off.
WORD FAMILY
supernova: supernovae, supernovas+/nova: novae, novas, supernova
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our suggestion that a relatively lower spin period and larger ejected mass can explain the existence of these long-duration superluminous supernovae is unchanged.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
The supernova is making a joke of both patent law and education.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Here’s a potted history of the fixture, courtesy of our Field Notes supernova strand.
The Guardian(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. （天文）超新星
分布：名词(100%)
→super-,超级，nova,新星。
【记】super，nova（n 新星）
【参】novice（n 新手）
US [-pɚ'noʊ-] (plural supernovas or supernovae)
noun countable
■a star which has exploded, strongly increasing its brightness for a few months 超新星（指因爆炸而数月内亮度大增的恒星）

Word: assorted
Front: assorted
[əˈsɔ:tɪd] (托雅宝 9756/11479 -1)
Vocabulary: assorted
(once / 2922 pages)
adj
An assorted group of things are different from each other. Assorted presents could include a gift certificate, a bike, and a stuffed animal.
This is a word for things that aren't like each other but are in the same grouping anyway. Assorted books are on many different topics. Assorted candies are a bunch of different candies; a bag of Milky Ways can't be assorted. This word is all about difference and variety. An assorted group can also be described as miscellaneous, mixed, motley, or sundry.
WORD FAMILY
assort: assorted, assorting, assortment, assorts+/ assortment: assortments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Signature confirmed with its 2007 facility’s builders that the roof was designed to support the steel ramps, assorted set pieces and live humans.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Wyatt Cenac hosts a special seasonal edition of his weekly comedy show, which regularly features both visiting and local comics alongside music and assorted shenanigans.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The lengthy power list includes 74 assorted elected officials, politicians, rulers, entrepreneurs, economic wizards, billionaires, CEOs and clergy.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 各式各样的; 五颜六色的; 混杂的
分布：各种各样的(68%)，配合的(11%)，适合的(7%)，各色俱备的(7%)，动词assort的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. sort, 类别。
各种各样的(as+sort+ed→把各种东西放到一起,如：assortedcandy什锦糖果)[sort=kind,表示"种类"]
US [-'sɔ:r.tˌɪd] adjective
■consisting of various types mixed together 各种各样的；混杂的；杂锦的
• a case of assorted wines 混装于一箱的不同品牌的酒
adj. 组合的；各种各样的；混杂的
 - various, combined

Word: receptive
Front: receptive
[rɪˈseptɪv] (托宝 9761/11093 -1)
Vocabulary: receptive
(once / 2651 pages)
1adj 2adj
To be receptive is to be open to new ideas or change. If you’re responsive to other people’s suggestions and not set in your ways, then you’re not only receptive, but flexible.
The adjective receptive actually comes from a Latin word that means receive. So a receptive person is willing to receive things, especially opposing arguments, constructive criticism, and helpful hints. How receptive you are speaks to your willingness to have an impression made upon you. It can be good to be large and in charge sometimes, but you can also benefit from stepping back and being receptive to what life brings.
WORD FAMILY
receptive: receptively, receptiveness, receptivity, unreceptive+/ receive: receivable, received, receiver, receives, receiving, reception, receptive, receptor, recipient /receiver: receivers, receivership/receivership: receiverships/ reception: receptionist, receptions/ receptionist: receptionists/ receptivity: receptivities/receptor: receptors/ recipient: recipients
USAGE EXAMPLES
A recent poll suggests that defenders of the law may get a receptive hearing from the public.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And if Trump follows through on his vow to renegotiate the Iran nuclear deal, he won’t find a receptive audience in Moscow.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, Mr. Trump will most likely be receptive to Mr. Putin’s overtures.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 善于接受的; 能容纳的; 有接受力的; 感受的，感官的
分布：愿意接受的(60%)，易接受的(40%)
善于接受的(recept接受)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】recept接受，ive－善于接受的
【参】recipient（adj 容易接受的；n 容纳者；容器）
adjective
■willing to listen to and accept new ideas and suggestions （对于新思想和建议）乐于接受的，从善如流的
• The government is not receptive to the idea of a Freedom of Information Act. 政府对制定《资讯自由法》的意见充耳不闻。

Word: voltage
Front: voltage
[ˈvəʊltɪdʒ] (研四六托雅 9759/5896 -1)
Vocabulary: voltage
(once / 6892 pages)
n
Voltage is a measure of electrical energy. If you've got a high-voltage personality, people may use another electrical metaphor and describe you as "a live wire."
Someone calculates voltage by determining the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit. When you travel, you'll want to make sure you bring along adapters to plug into the various sorts of electrical outlets you'll encounter around the world. Your chargers and all your electrical gear should have dual voltage capability, so they can work on electrical currents of 100 volts to 240 volts.
WORD FAMILY
voltage: voltages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Neither Nicolas Chartier, founder of Voltage, nor a lawyer who represented Voltage’s parent companies in the transaction immediately replied to emailed requests for comment.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Then, in January, Nasa announced that Peake would step outside the space station to help repair a failed voltage regulator.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
The group performed for the last time at the High Voltage Rock Festival in London in 2010.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 电压，伏特数
分布：电压(100%)
→来自volt,电伏。
n.电压
US ['voʊl.ɪdʒ] noun countable or uncountable
■the force of an electric current, measured in volts 电压；伏特数
• high/low voltages 高／低电压
n. [电] 电压
 - electric tension, electrical pressure