Title: COCA-8K-1W

Word: nickel
Front: nickel
[ˈnɪkl] (研六托雅 7847/16216 -1)
Vocabulary: nickel
(once / 1473 pages)
1nv 2n
A nickel is a five-cent coin that got its name from the metal. Nickel is a silver-colored metal that’s strong and resistant to corrosion, so it’s often blended with other metals. Even the coin is part copper.
For most people, a nickel means five cents. The coin is mostly copper, but about 25 percent of it is actually nickel. The word comes from the German Kupfernickel, for “copper demon” because miners were tricked as they first thought the nickel was copper. The original US five cent coins were made of silver, and were known as "half dimes." During the Civil War, new coins began to be minted using less expensive materials — thus, the nickel was born.
WORD FAMILY
nickel: nickeled, nickeling, nickelled, nickels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most tellingly, Mr Larsen’s samples contained iron and nickel alloys common in micrometeorites, but rare in Earth-bound rocks because these metals oxidise rapidly.
Economist(Dec 10, 2016)
The Philippines is the world's top nickel ore supplier.
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
A nickel here, a nickel there, and pretty soon you’re talking about some real money.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. [化]镍; 五分镍币
vt. 镀镍于
时态：nickelled, nickelling, nickels
分布：镍(94%)，镍币(3%)，五分镍币(2%)，镀镍于(1%)
→来自瑞典语kopparnickel,铜矿，铜矿中的魔鬼，来自koppar,铜，即copper,nickel,魔鬼，常见名Nicholas的昵称，来自古英语Old Nick,魔鬼。一种铜矿中的杂质，被矿工戏称为魔鬼，后研究证明该杂质实为镍。镍常被用于铸造钱币，即分币，以代替更昂贵的铜钱。
n.镍;镍币;五美分The tickler pricked a tick on the nickname Nickel.挠痒者在绰号"镍币"上刺了个勾号.
noun
METAL 金属
uncountable
■a silvery white metallic element 镍
• a nickel alloy 镍合金
['nɪk.l] noun
COIN 硬币
countable
■a US or Canadian coin worth five cents （美国或加拿大的）五分镍币
n. [化学] 镍；镍币；五分镍币
 - Ni, medio

Word: breach
Front: breach
[bri:tʃ] (研托雅宝 7862/2451 -2)
Vocabulary: breach
(once / 376 pages)
1nv 2nv
A breach is a violation of a law, duty, or promise. If you'd contracted to mow your neighbor's lawn and don't do it, he can sue you for breach of contract. Or he can mow the lawn himself.
Breach traces back to the Old English verb: brecan "to break," which is what breach really means––"a breaking of something." Breach of contract is a legal way of saying you broke a promise. If your great aunt Edna is a stickler for propriety, she may be horrified when you eat your meat with the salad fork, considering it a breach of good manners.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
breach / breech
If you break a contract, it's a breach. If you're talking about pantaloons, guns, or feet-first babies, use breech with a double "e."
A breach is a break — whether it's a breach in contract or a breach in a dam. Lawyers like it because they can help if there's a breach of the law. Whales break free from the water when they breach, but no one wants them to breach the side of their boat because that boat would sink. Just ask the Pequod. Other examples:
"It is impossible to tell if there is a specific breach of any conflict of interest laws." (New York Times)
"All 68 passengers and crew are safe, authorities said, and the vessel itself incurred only a small breach in its hull." (Time)
A breech, double "e," is an opening at back of the gun. It's also the word for hindquarters. The breech is on the butt of a gun, but it's also sometimes the buttocks of a human. Seriously. Breeches is an old word for pants, or britches, the kind George Washington rocked. You can still get breeches, though, for horseback riding. If a baby is born feet- or bottom-first, that's a breech birth. Examples:
"A 'magazine' is a chamber for holding a supply of cartridges to be fed automatically to the breech of a gun, according to Merriam-Webster's dictionary." (Forbes)
"Goforth said the first baby came out and then the second baby came out breech birth, meaning the baby was delivered feet first." (Washington Times)
Use breach is there's a break, but save breech for guns, pants, and babies.
WORD FAMILY
breach: breached, breaches, breaching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Netanyahu was investigated during his first term as Israeli prime minister in the late 1990s on allegations of fraud and breach of public trust.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A federal judge urged officials to consider breaching four of those dams on the Snake River.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
So, resolved for 2017: Let us somehow find the determination of whales to breach it and rise above.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 破坏; 破裂; 缺口; 违背
vt. 攻破; 破坏，违反
时态：breached, breaching, breaches
分布：违反(50%)，破坏(18%)，突破(15%)，违背(11%)，裂口(4%)，决裂(1%)，在 ... 上打开缺口(1%)
→词源同break.
n.违反,不履行;破裂vt.冲破,攻破Your company is in breach of the contract.你们公司违反了合同.
【记】breach＝break（n 破裂；v 打破，违犯）
【反】solder（v 焊接）
noun countable
BROKEN PROMISE/RULE 违背承诺／违反规定
■an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement or relationship 破坏，违犯；违反，不履行
• They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement. 他们认为我们与别的公司谈判违反了我们之间的协定。
• He was sued for breach of contract. 他因为违约而被起诉。
• There have been serious security breaches (= breaks in our security system). 保安系统出了大问题。
(a) breach of the peace legal
■(an example of) illegal noisy or violent behaviour in a public place 扰乱治安（行为）
be in breach of sth formal
■to be breaking a particular law or rule 违反（法律或规章）
• The cinema was in breach of the Health and Safety Act for having no fire doors. 由于没有消防门这家影院违反了《健康与安全法》。
[bri:tʃ] noun countable
OPENING 开缝 formal
■a hole that is made in a wall or another structure used for protection during an attack （墙或防御工事上的）缺口
• A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls. 一颗炮弹把他们的城墙打出了一个缺口。
[bri:tʃ] verb transitive formal
BREAK PROMISE/RULE 违反
■to break a law, promise, agreement or relationship 破坏，违犯；违反
• They breached the agreement they had made with their employer. 他们违反了曾与雇主达成的协议。
[bri:tʃ] verb transitive formal
MAKE OPENING 开口
■to make an opening in a wall or fence, especially in order to attack someone or something behind it （尤指为从背后突袭）在…上打开缺口
• Their defences were easily breached. 他们的防线轻而易举就被突破了。
n. 违背，违反；缺口
 - separation, gap, violation, infringement
vt. 违反，破坏；打破
 - destroy, violate

Word: shoot
Front: shoot
[ʃu:t] (高研四六宝 732/1257 -K4)
Back: vi. 拍摄; 射击; 发芽
vt. （用枪等）打猎; 拍摄; 给…注射; 射门，投篮
n. 幼苗，嫩芽; 发射; 摄影; 狩猎
int. 感叹词（用于表示惊奇，并不强烈的愤怒或失望）
时态：shot, shooting, shoots
分布：开枪(55%)，发射(17%)，拍照(15%)，嫩枝(9%)，疾驰(2%)，哇! 可恶! 哎呀!(2%)
→来自古英语 sceotan,投，射，来自 Proto-Germanic*skeutanan,投，射，来自 skeud,投，射， 词源同 sheet,shot,shut.引申诸相关词义。
v.发射;掠过,疾驰而过n.嫩枝,苗,射击After a shot the foot began to root and shoot in the boot.打了一针后,脚开始在靴子里生根发芽.
【记】大家熟悉的是“射击”的意思，还有“幼苗”的意思
verb (shot, shot)
WEAPON 武器
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to fire a bullet or an arrow, or to hit, injure or kill a person or animal by firing a bullet or arrow at them 开（枪），射（箭）；发射；射中，射伤，射杀
• If he's not armed, don't shoot. 如果他没带武器，就不要开枪。
• The kids were shooting arrows at a target. 孩子们正对着靶射箭。
• She was shot three times in the head. 她头部中了三枪。
• He has a licence to shoot pheasants on the farmer's land. 他得到特许，可以在这个农民的地里射野鸡。
• [+ obj + adj] A policeman was shot dead in the city centre last night. 昨晚，一名员警在市中心被人开枪打死了。
• The troops were told to shoot to kill. 军队接到命令开枪射击。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
SPORT 运动
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to try to score points for yourself or your team, in sports involving a ball, by kicking, hitting or throwing the ball towards the goal （球类比赛中）射门；投球
• He shot from the middle of the field and still managed to score. 他在中场投篮，仍成功命中。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
 ADVANCED intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move in a particular direction very quickly and directly 直线冲刺
• She shot past me several metres before the finishing line. 她在离终点线几米时冲刺超过了我。
• He shot out of the office a minute ago - I think he was late for a meeting. 他一分钟前冲出了办公室——我想他是开会迟到了。
• They were just shooting off to town so we didn't stop to speak. 他们要马上赶到城里，所以我们没有停下来说话。
• Sylvester Stallone shot to fame (= became famous suddenly) with the film 'Rocky'. 席维斯‧史特龙凭借电影《洛基》一炮走红。
transitive
■to move through or past something quickly 迅速冲过；飞速通过
• informal He shot three sets of traffic lights (= went past them when they gave the signal to stop) before the police caught him. 他被员警逮住前已连闯了三个红灯。
• It was so exhilarating shooting the rapids (= travelling through the part of a river where the water flows dangerously fast). 激流冲浪真是太刺激了。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
FILM 电影
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to use a camera to record a film or take a photograph 拍摄；拍照
• We shot four reels of film in Egypt. 我们在埃及拍了四卷胶卷底片。
• The film was shot on location in Southern India. 这部电影是在印度南部实地拍摄的。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
PLAY 玩
transitive mainly US informal
■to play a game of pool or craps 打（撞球）；玩（双骰子、赌博游戏）
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
DRUG 毒品
transitive slang
■to take an illegal drug by injecting yourself with it 注射（毒品）
• By the time he was sixteen, he was shooting heroin twice a day. 他16岁的时候，每天注射两次海洛因。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
have shot your bolt UK informal
■to have already achieved all that you have the power, ability or strength to do and to be unable to do more 已竭尽全力
• He started off the game well but seemed to have shot his bolt by half-time. 比赛开始时他表现不错，但半场时似乎已经筋疲力尽了。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot sth/sb down (in flames) informal
■to refuse to accept someone's suggestion or idea and not consider it at all 断然拒绝，否定（某人的建议或想法）
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot yourself in the foot
■to do something without intending to which spoils a situation for yourself （无意中）搬起石头砸自己的脚
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot your mouth off informal
■to talk too much in a loud and uncontrolled way 滔滔不绝；信口开河
• It's just like Richard to go shooting his mouth off about other people's affairs. 理查就是这种人，爱对别人的事情信口开河。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot a glance at sb
■to look at someone quickly 瞥（某人）一眼
• She shot him a glance as he entered the room. 他进屋时，她瞥了他一眼。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot for the moon US
■to ask for the best or the most you could hope for 力争最好，争取达到最高目标
• You might as well shoot for the moon and ask for a promotion as well as a raise. 你不妨尽量争取一下，同时要求升职和加薪。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot questions at sb
■to ask someone a lot of questions very quickly, one after the other 向（某人）接二连三地提问
• He shot questions at me so quickly that I didn't even have time to answer. 他连珠炮似地向我提问，我连回答的时间都没有。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot the breeze US informal
■to talk with someone or a group of people about things which are not important 闲谈，闲聊
• We sat out on the porch, just shooting the breeze. 我们坐在门廊里闲聊。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
shoot the works US informal
■to use all your money or make the greatest effort you can 孤注一掷，破釜沉舟
• I emptied my bank account and shot the works on a trip to Mauritius. 我把银行帐户的钱全提光了，放手到模里西斯旅游一趟。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
sb should be shot informal
■said when you think that someone's actions are extremely unreasonable （某人）真该杀（用以表示其行为太过分）
• They should be shot for selling drinks at that price! 他们的饮料卖得那么贵，真是天杀的！
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shoot sth down
■to destroy an aircraft or make an aircraft, bird, etc. fall to the ground by shooting at it 击落，打下（飞机、鸟等）
• He was killed during the war when his plane was shot down. 战争期间他的飞机被击落，他因此丧生。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shoot sb down
■to shoot and usually kill someone, showing no sympathy （毫不留情地）击倒，击毙（某人）
• I saw Leonforte shoot him down like a dog in the street. 我看见利昂福特在大街上把他击毙，就像打死一只狗一样。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
  Phrasal Verbs  shoot for/at sth US
■to try to do something 试图做；力争得到
• It's worth taking chances when you're shooting at a chance of fame and wealth. 如果你想追逐名利和财富，那是值得冒险的。
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
  Phrasal Verbs  shoot out
■If opposing groups or people armed with guns shoot it out, they shoot at each other until one of the groups or people is dead or defeated. （敌对双方）开枪决胜负，开枪解决问题
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
  Phrasal Verbs  shoot through Australian informal
■to leave a place very quickly, especially in order to avoid having to do something （尤指为避免不得不做某事）快速离开
[ʃu:t] verb (shot, shot)
  Phrasal Verbs  shoot up
INCREASE informal
■to grow in size, or increase in number or level, very quickly 迅速长大（或增加、提高；猛增）
• David has really shot up since I saw him last. 自我上次见到他以来，戴维长得真快。
• Prices shot up by 25%. 价格暴涨了25%。
DRUGS slang
■to put illegal drugs into your blood using a special needle 注射毒品
• She saw a girl shooting up in the toilets. 她看见一个女孩在洗手间里注射毒品。
[ʃu:t] noun
PLANT 植物
countable
■the first part of a plant to appear above the ground as it develops from a seed, or any new growth on an already existing plant 芽；苗；新枝
• Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green shoots started to appear. 我们撒下种子两周后，绿色的小苗开始钻出来。
• figurative The first green shoots (= hopeful signs) of economic recovery have started to appear. 经济复苏的迹象已开始显现。
[ʃu:t] noun
FILM 电影
countable usually singular
■when photographers take a series of photographs, usually of the same person or people in the same place （通常指对同一人在同一地点的）系列拍摄，组照
• We did a fashion shoot on the beach, with the girls modelling swimwear. 我们在海滩上拍了一组女模特儿展示泳装的时装照。
[ʃu:t] noun
WEAPON 武器
countable
■an occasion on which a group of people go to an area of the countryside to shoot animals 狩猎，打猎
shoot, bough, branch, limb
这组词都有“枝”的意思，其区别是：
shoot: 指植物或灌木刚长出的新枝、嫩枝或嫩芽。
bough: 指主枝或粗大强壮的枝。
branch: 普通用词，泛指树木比bough小一些的大枝或小枝，也可用于引申意义。
limb: 多指主枝或大枝。
shoot, shoot at
shoot: 射死, He shot the bird and it died.
shoot at: 瞄准,但不一定射中
vt. 射击，射中； [摄] 拍摄；发芽；使爆炸；给…注射
 - flight, pot, screen, spring
vi. 射击；发芽；拍电影
 - put, screen, pop
n. 射击；摄影；狩猎；急流
 - photography, rapid, rush

Word: climb
Front: climb
[klaɪm] (中高研四六 1566/1646 -K3)
Vocabulary: climb
(once / 93 pages)
vn
To climb is to go higher. When you ascend a mountain, you climb it, and when a song rises in popularity, it climbs the charts.
To climb something generally takes hard work, which is clear when you watch a toddler climb a jungle gym or a mountaineer climb a sheer rock wall. You can also climb things metaphorically, like when a soldier climbs the ranks from corporal to major. Prices can climb too, when they get higher, and you can climb a social ladder when you meet well-connected people at parties. The Germanic root is klimban, "go up by clinging."
WORD FAMILY
climb: climbable, climbed, climber, climbing, climbs+/climbable: unclimbable/climber: climbers, semi-climber/climbing: climbings, semi-climbing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday showed a “lone individual” climbing the mountain, scaling the sign’s ladders and hanging tarpaulins over the O’s to change them to E’s, said Sgt.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The climb to the top appears as steep as ever.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 攀登; 爬; 登山; 上升
n. 攀登; 山，岩; 增值; 晋升
时态：climbed, climbing, climbs
分布：爬(74%)，攀登(21%)，上升(4%)，攀爬处(1%)
→来自glei,黏，粘，词源同clay,cling.形容爬的动作或吃力。插入字母b,见number.
v./n.攀登,爬In this climate, the climber climbed up the cliff with his stiff limbs.在这种气候下,攀登者用僵硬的四肢爬上悬崖.
verb
RISE 上升
 ESSENTIAL intransitive
■to go up, or to go towards the top of something 上升；攀升；爬升
• The plane climbed quickly to a height of 30 000 feet. 飞机迅速爬升到三万英尺的高度。
• As it leaves the village, the road climbs steeply up the mountain. 出了村庄，这条路沿着山坡陡然向上。
• The sun climbed higher in the sky. 太阳升得更高了。
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to use your legs, or your legs and hands, to go up or onto the top of something 爬；攀登，攀爬
• to climb the stairs/mountain 爬楼梯／登山
• I hate climbing ladders. 我讨厌爬梯子。
• We're going climbing (= climbing mountains as a sport) in Scotland next weekend. 下周末我们要去苏格兰爬山。
intransitive
■If a price, number, or amount climbs, it increases （价格、数量等）上涨，增长，攀升
• Our costs have climbed rapidly in the last few years. 过去几年里我们的成本增长很快。
intransitive
■to move into a higher social position, or to improve your position at work 提高社会地位，向上爬；晋升
• He quickly climbed to the top of his profession. 他很快攀上了事业巅峰。
[klaɪm] verb
MOVE 移动
 ADVANCED intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move into or out of a small space awkwardly or with difficulty or effort （笨拙或费力地）爬
• They climbed into the truck and drove away. 他们爬上卡车开走了。
• We can't stop Tom climbing out of his cot. 我们没法让汤姆留在婴儿床里不往外爬。
[klaɪm] verb
GROW 生长
intransitive
■to grow upwards 攀爬，攀援
• There's masses of ivy climbing up/over the walls of our house. 我们房子的墙上爬满了常春藤。
[klaɪm] verb
be climbing the walls
■to suffer unpleasant feelings, such as worry, in an extreme way 感觉极为不快；极度忧虑
• to be climbing the walls with boredom/anger/frustration 觉得无聊至极／很生气／非常沮丧
• When Joely went missing, we were practically climbing the walls. 乔利失踪了，我们简直担心死了。
[klaɪm] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  climb down UK
■to change your opinion or admit that you were wrong 让步；认错
• The government has been forced to climb down over the issue of increased taxes. 政府在加税问题上被迫让步。
[klaɪm] noun countable
■an act or process of climbing 攀登；爬升
• We were very tired after our climb. 往上爬了一阵后我们累坏了。
• The climb down the mountain took longer than the climb up. 下山比上山用的时间更长。
• I've made three climbs so far this year. 今年，我已爬过三次山了。
• Her climb to power has been very rapid. 她很快就上台掌权了。
■a place or object to be climbed 攀登的地方；攀登物
• The north face of the Eiger is a very difficult climb. 艾格峰的北坡很难攀登。
climb, creep, crawl
这组词都有“爬”的意思，其区别是：
climb: 通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比喻。
creep: 多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。也指植物的蔓延生长等。
crawl: 指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。
climb, mount, ascend
这组词都有“攀登，上升”的意思，其区别是：
climb: 普通用词，含义广泛，侧重运用手足费力地攀登或上升，也可指抽象事物。
mount: 书面用词，词义与ascend相近，强调连续不断地向上移动、攀登或上涨。指骑马时用mount。
ascend: 正式用词，指不用手攀，一直上升直到相当高的地方。
vi. 爬；攀登；上升
 - arise, raise, scale
vt. 爬；攀登；上升
 - scale, come up
n. 爬；攀登
 - escalade

Word: ideally
Front: ideally
[aɪ'di:əlɪ] (六 7858/4930 -K1)
Back: adv. 完美地; 理想地; 观念上地; 理论上地
分布：理想地(47%)，完美地(33%)，观念上地(20%)
adverb
■used when describing the perfect situation 理想地；完美地
• Ideally, I'd like to work at home but it's just not practical. 对我来说最理想的是在家工作，可这根本不现实。
• She's ideally (= perfectly) suited to the job. 她非常适合这份工作。

Word: dispute
Front: dispute
[dɪˈspju:t] (研四六托雅宝 2705/2066 -4)
Vocabulary: dispute
(once / 113 pages)
nv
If kids can't settle their own argument, they may need someone to mediate their dispute, or conflict. You can often tell this is the case if you hear the loud cry, "Mom!"
The noun dispute means any conflict or disagreement. The countries were in the middle of a border dispute; both sides claimed the toxic waste dump belonged to the other. As a verb, dispute can mean to quarrel or argue, but it can also mean to take exception to something. If your boasting friend crows because you lost the trivia game to her by 150 points, you may want to dispute the facts. It was only 145 points.
WORD FAMILY
dispute: disputable, disputant, disputation, disputatious, disputative, disputed, disputes, disputing+/disputable: disputably, indisputable, undisputable/disputant: disputants/disputation: disputations/ disputatious: disputatiously/disputative: disputatively/disputed: undisputed/ indisputable: indisputability, indisputably/undisputable: undisputably/undisputed: undisputedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If Mr. Roof is sentenced to death, the dispute about his mental health is likely to be central to any appeals.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He said the conservancy's ultimate plan is to acquire the property — whose market value is a matter of dispute — and manage it for public use.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Later that year, then-President George Bush signed legislation aimed at settling the dispute over the mineral rights.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 辩论，争论
vt. 就…进行争论，辩论; 对…的真实或有效进行争论，怀疑; 争夺，竞争; 抵抗，抵制
n. 辩论; 争端; （劳资）纠纷; 罢工
vi. 激烈争辩; 争执; 争吵; 吵架
时态：disputed, disputing, disputes
分布：争论(32%)，争端(27%)，争议(26%)，质疑(7%)，争吵(6%)，辩驳(2%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-put, 思考，词源同compute, putative. 即不同的思考，引申词义争论。
反驳(dis反+pute→过来思考→反驳)[put=think,表示"认为,思考"]
n.争论,争执v.争论,辩论;反驳;怀疑;阻止The contribution distributor thinks the microcomputer pollution is absolutely beyond dispute.捐款分配者认为微机污染是绝对不容置疑的.
【反】accept（v 接受；同意）
noun countable or uncountable /dɪˈspjuːt/ /ˈdɪs.pjuːt]
 IMPROVER
■an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border （尤指劳资双方或相邻两国之间的）争执，争端，纠纷
• a bitter/long-running dispute 激烈／长期的争执
• a border dispute 边界争端
• a pay/legal/trade dispute 工资／法律／贸易纠纷
• They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions. 他们无法解决工作条件方面的争端。
• The unions are in dispute with management over pay. 工会与管理层在工资问题上存在分歧。
beyond (all) dispute
■certainly 毫无争议地，无可争辩地，不容置疑地
• He is beyond all dispute the finest actor in Hollywood today. 无可置疑，他是当今荷里活最好的演员。
in dispute
■being doubted 正在受到怀疑的
• I don't think her ability is in dispute, what I question is her attitude. 我相信她的能力没有问题，但我怀疑她的态度。
open to dispute
■not certain 不确定的，不肯定的
• He says it's the best musical equipment you can buy, but I think that's open to dispute. 他说那是能买到的最好的音乐设备，但我认为这种说法不一定对。
verb intransitive or transitive /dɪˈspjuːt/
 ADVANCED
■to disagree with something that someone says （对…）有异议；不同意，否认；争论
• Few would dispute his status as the finest artist of the period. 他是那个时期最好的艺术家，很少有人对此存有异议。
• The circumstances of her death have been hotly disputed. 她的死引起了激烈的争论。
• [+ (that)] I don't dispute (that) Lucas' films are entertaining, but they haven't got much depth. 我并不否认卢卡斯的电影具有娱乐价值，但这些电影都没有甚么深度。
argue, reason, discuss, dispute, debate, quarrel
这组词都有“辩论，争论，说理”的意思，其区别是：
argue: 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
reason: 指据理力争以说服对方或求得对问题作更深入的研究。
discuss: 最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。
dispute: 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味。
debate: 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
quarrel: 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。
argument, controversy, dispute, debate, conflict, strife, quarrel
这组词都有“争执、不和”的意思，其区别是：
argument: 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
controversy: 侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
dispute: 普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
debate: 通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
conflict: 指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
strife: 指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
quarrel: 普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
vt. 辩论；怀疑；阻止；抗拒
 - discuss, debate, argue, stem, block
vi. 争论
 - debate, argue with
n. 辩论；争吵
 - argument, debate, brush, controversy

Word: HMO
Front: HMO
[.eɪtʃ em 'əʊ] (6870/-)
Back: abbr. heart minute output 心脏每分钟搏击量
US [-'oʊ] noun countable (plural HMOs)
MEDICAL 医疗的 US abbreviation for
■health maintenance organization: a group that provides health care to people who pay to join it 医疗保健组织（为付钱入会的会员提供医疗保健的组织）
• For a monthly flat fee, paid by the consumer or employer, HMOs provide a specified list of medical services both in and outside the hospital. 消费者或雇主每月缴纳固定费用，医疗保健组织则向其提供医院内外的一系列特定的医疗服务。
UK [ˌeɪtʃ.em'əʊ] US [-'oʊ] noun countable (plural HMOs)
SHARED HOUSE 共用的房子 UK specialized abbreviation for
■house in multiple occupation: a house shared by several people, especially those receiving money from the government because they have little or no income 多人租用房（几个人同住的房子，尤指无收入或低收入的人，从政府部门获得补助）
• Today, the once-grand streets are characterized by decaying HMOs, sorely in need not just of redecoration but more fundamental repair. 如今，在曾经富丽堂皇的街道上，破烂的合租房却成了其最大特征，这些房子极需的不仅是简单的重修，而是根本性的维修。

Word: dependency
Front: dependency
[dɪˈpendənsi] (7839/6214 -1)
Vocabulary: dependency
(once / 1851 pages)
n
Dependency happens when you can't function without the help of someone or something. If you have a dependency on coffee, you need it to be human in the morning. Not sure? Ask the people you live with.
A dependency on the help or support of another person isn't necessarily negative, but other kinds of dependency — on something habit-forming or addictive, like cigarettes — can be harmful. You can also use this noun to mean "a country, province, or territory controlled by a bigger, more powerful country." Guam and Puerto Rico, which don't have complete independence from the US, can be called dependencies.
WORD FAMILY
dependency: dependencies+/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent / independence: independences/independency: independencies/ independent: independence, independency, independently, independents/interdepend: interdependent / interdependence: interdependences/interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Government dependency, he believes, is the first step toward tyranny.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The underpinnings are invisible to outsiders, who aren’t privy to the jealousy and passion and dependency and repressed desire that often hold sway.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
On the far side of so many milestones of independence—travel, graduate program, job, apartment—I am relearning dependency.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 属国，属地; 从属，从属物
分布：依赖(97%)，属国(2%)，从属物(1%)
noun countable
■a country which is supported and governed by another country 附属国；附属地
n. 属国； [数] 从属；从属物
 - hypotaxis, subordination

Word: broccoli
Front: broccoli
[ˈbrɒkəli] (7853/21277 -1)
Back: n. 花椰菜; 西兰花
分布：花椰菜(65%)，西兰花(34%)，甘蓝花(1%)
→来自拉丁词brocca, 针，刺。形容该蔬菜如同一根根尖刺。
US ['brɑ:.kəl-] noun uncountable
■a vegetable with a thick green stem and a tree-like dark green top 西兰花，花椰菜；球茎甘蓝
n. [园艺] 花椰菜；西兰花
 - cauliflower, Brokkoli

Word: yoga
Front: yoga
[ˈjəʊgə] (雅 7878/17090 -1)
Vocabulary: yoga
(once / 2349 pages)
n
Yoga is an ancient form of physical and mental exercise that is still popular today. It involves lots of stretching and holding poses with funny names, like "downward dog."
The kind of yoga that most westerners practice is based on "hatha yoga," the most familiar part of a complex Hindu system of meditation and spiritual practice. Yoga is an extremely popular form of exercise today, but it's been around for centuries. The word yoga was first used in English around 1820, when western intellectuals were first becoming interested in Hindu philosophy — it's a Sanskrit word that means "union."
WORD FAMILY
yoga: yogas, yogic, yogistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
In contrast, there’s something soothingly achievable about “Relax into Yoga for Seniors: A Six-Week Program for Strength, Balance, Flexibility and Pain Relief.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
She was about to leave her home in Washington, D.C., to teach a Sunday morning yoga class.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I started doing yoga twice a week to get rid of headaches.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 瑜伽，喻家派; 瑜伽（术），瑜伽修行法
分布：名词(100%)
→来自梵语yoga,连接，天人合一，来自yeug,连接，词源同join,joke。原指一种精神修行方法，以达到灵魂与天的合一，但后来越来越忽视了精神层面的锻炼，而注重于身体的柔和，手脚合一。
US ['joʊ-] noun uncountable
■a set of physical and mental exercises, Indian in origin, which is intended to give control over the body and mind （源于印度的）瑜伽术
• a yoga class 瑜伽课
■a Hindu system of philosophy which aims to unite the self with god 瑜伽派（印度一哲学体系）

Word: tablet
Front: tablet
[ˈtæblət] (研四六雅 7864/4781 -K2)
Back: n. 碑，匾; 药片; 便笺簿; 小块
vt. 用碑牌纪念; 将（备忘录等）写在板上; 将…制成小片或小块
分布：平板电脑(82%)，药片(13%)，匾(4%)，片状物(1%)
→来自 table,石板，木板，-et,小词后缀。引申词义牌匾，后用于指药片，药丸，比喻用法。
n.药片;碑,匾Vegetables and tablets on the stably established table show no instability.放在稳定设置的桌子上的蔬菜和药片没有显示不稳定性.
noun countable
MEDICINE 药
 IMPROVER
■a small solid piece of medicine 药片
• a sleeping tablet 一片安眠药
• a vitamin tablet 一片维生素
['tæb.lət] noun countable
BLOCK 块
■a thin, flat, often square piece of hard material such as wood, stone, or metal 匾，牌；块
• The poem was engraved on a tablet of stone. 这首诗刻在一块石匾上。
• UK a tablet of soap 一块肥皂
['tæb.lət] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑 (also tablet PC)
■a small computer with a screen that you can write on using a special pen or that you can connect a keyboard to 掌上电脑
n. 碑； [药] 药片；写字板；小块
 - wordpad, nubble

Word: resonate
Front: resonate
[ˈrezəneɪt] (7855/21464 -1)
Vocabulary: resonate
(once / 6065 pages)
v
To resonate is to make, hear, or even understand a deep, full sound. Your speech about the dangers of scarves and convertibles will resonate with your audience if you tell the story of Isadora Duncan's death.
The verb resonate, which comes from the Latin resonatum, first referred only to sound, but has now developed an emotional connotation. Resonate sounds a whole lot like another verb, resound, but they have subtly different meanings. Resound means “to repeat the sound,” but resonate means “to expand, amplify.” Sound can resonate when broadcast through speakers, and so can an idea or feeling, when expressed articulately or with passion.
WORD FAMILY
resonate: resonated, resonates, resonating, resonator+/resonator: resonators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We built our case upon arguments that will resonate in the Supreme Court."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Jacobs also thought of something else, something that should resonate across a town whose sports seasons are measured by scabs and scars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Fry’s film is a sly satire that still resonates today.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 共鸣或共振; 回响
时态：resonated, resonating, resonates
分布：共鸣(71%)，共振(29%)
→re-,向后，往回，-son,声音，词源同 sound,sonorous.即回声，引申词义共鸣，回响。
verb intransitive
MAKE SOUND 发出共鸣
■to produce, increase or fill with sound, by vibrating (= shaking) objects which are near 发出回响；发出共鸣；回荡
• His voice resonated in the empty church. 他的声音在空荡荡的教堂中回荡。
• The noise of the bell resonated through the building. 铃声在大楼里回荡。
Compare resound
['rez.ən.eɪt] verb intransitive
HAVE QUALITY/EFFECT 某种特质
■to be filled with a particular quality 充满，弥漫（某种特质）
• The building resonates with historic significance. 这座房子一砖一瓦都富有历史意义。
■to continue to have a powerful effect or value 流传；产生深远影响；继续发挥重要性
• The significance of those great stories resonates down the centuries. 这些著名故事的深远意义将世代流传。
■If an experience or memory resonates, it makes you think of another similar one 使产生联想；引起共鸣
• Her experiences resonate powerfully with me, living, as I do, in a similar family situation. 她的家庭生活环境和我相似，所以她的经历在我心中引起强烈共鸣。
vi. 共鸣；共振
 - sympathise

Word: glacier
Front: glacier
[ˈglæsiə(r)] (托雅 7875/10592 -1)
Vocabulary: glacier
(once / 688 pages)
n
A glacier is a very large ice mass, sometimes miles and miles long. Glaciers might not seem all that exciting at first, but people are paying close attention to them because their melting is an indication of climate change.
Most glaciers on Earth are found around the North and South poles, but every continent except for Australia has glaciers somewhere in its high mountain ranges. People often want to go see glaciers because they're beautiful, and some you can actually hike across. Luckily, if you get thirsty glaciers are the planet’s largest reservoir of freshwater. You’ll just have to find some way of melting them . . .
WORD FAMILY
glacier: glaciate, glaciers+/glaciate: glaciated, glaciates, glaciation/glaciation: glaciations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But an eight point second quarter by Rogers put Glacier Peak in contro.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He used to doubt climate change was melting this huge Greenland glacier.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 冰河，冰川
分布：冰川(80%)，冰河(20%)
冰河,冰川(glac冰+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
【记】glaci＝ice
US ['gleɪ.si.ɚ] noun countable
■a large mass of ice which moves slowly 冰川；冰河
n. 冰河， [地理] [水文] 冰川
 - ice floe

Word: Korean
Front: Korean
[kə'rɪən] (3522/5217)
Back: adj. 韩国人的；韩国语的；朝鲜人的；朝鲜语的
n. 韩国人；韩国语；朝鲜人；朝鲜语
分布：韩国人(42%)，韩语(32%)，韩国人的(15%)，韩语的(5%)，朝鲜人的；朝鲜语的(3%)，朝鲜人；朝鲜语(3%)
ADJ
朝鲜（或韩国）的；朝鲜（或韩国）人的；朝鲜（或韩）语的；朝鲜（或韩国）文化的
Korean means belonging or relating to North or South Korea, or to their people, language, or culture.
N-COUNT
朝鲜（或韩国）人；朝鲜（或韩国）裔人
A Korean is a North or South Korean citizen, or a person of North or South Korean origin.
N-UNCOUNT
朝鲜语；韩国语
Korean is the language spoken by people who live in North and South Korea.
adj. 韩国人的；朝鲜人的；韩国语的；朝鲜语的
 - Corean
n. 韩国人；朝鲜人；韩国语；朝鲜语
 - South Korean

Word: chemotherapy
Front: chemotherapy
[ˌki:məʊˈθerəpi] (7861/13077 -1)
Back: n. <医>化学疗法; 化疗
分布：化学疗法(100%)
→chemo, 化学。therapy, 治疗。
US [-moʊ-] noun uncountable
■the treatment of diseases using chemicals 化学疗法，化疗
• Chemotherapy is often used in the treatment of cancer. 化疗常用于治疗癌症。
n. [临床] 化学疗法
 - iatrochemistry

Word: resort
Front: resort
[rɪˈzɔ:t] (研四六托雅宝 2684/3200 -K3)
Vocabulary: resort
(once / 216 pages)
1vn 2nv
The noun resort means "turning to something or someone else for assistance." You tried everything to figure out your math homework on your own, so asking your dad for help was your last resort.
Resort, pronounced "re-ZORT," is also a verb that means "to adopt a course of action to improve your situation." It's when you use that last resort: if you can't convince your mom to let you go rock-climbing, you will resort to begging. Resort also means a fancy hotel, usually in a very scenic location, or a place you go often — when your friends didn't know where you were, they checked your resorts: the gym and the park.
WORD FAMILY
resort: resorted, resorting, resorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certain airports resorted to manual processing while the CBP’s system was being fixed.
Time(Jan 03, 2017)
Karen objects to fruit juice in grade-school lunches; however, like most of us, she resorts to sugary bribes when necessary.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Loud, inappropriate and unruly behavior is not tolerated in our luxury resorts.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 求助于或诉诸某事物，采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策
n. 求助，凭借，诉诸; 热闹场所，娱乐场，度假胜地; 采用的办法; 常去，人多，人群
时态：resorted, resorting, resorts
分布：诉诸(43%)，手段(28%)，常去(17%)，凭借(12%)
→来自古法语 resort,资源，求助，援助，来自 re-,往回，再，sortir,出去，起来，来自（缩写自） 拉丁语 surrectus,起来的，来自 sur-,向上，-rect,竖直，拉直，词源同 erect,correct,surge.引申 词义度假区，度假胜地。比较 refreshment.
v.凭借,求助,诉诸n.度假胜地,常去之处,手段The escort resorted to the orthodox paradox to retort his distortion.陪护者借助正统悖论反驳他的歪曲.
【记】re再，sort＝out－反复去的地方－度假圣地
US [-'zɔ:rt] noun
PLACE 地方
 ADVANCED countable
■a place where many people go for rest, sport or another stated purpose 渡假胜地；旅游胜地
• a tourist resort 旅游胜地
• a UKholiday / USvacation resort 渡假胜地
• a seaside/beach resort 海滨／海滩渡假胜地
• a ski resort 滑雪胜地
UK [rɪ'zɔ:t] US [-'zɔ:rt] noun
ACTION 行动
uncountable
■when you have to do something because there is no other way of achieving something 诉诸；凭借；采用
• He got hold of the money legally, without resort to violence. 他没有采取暴力手段，而是透过合法途径拿到了这笔钱。
UK [rɪ'zɔ:t] US [-'zɔ:rt] noun
be your last resort
■to be the only person or thing that might be able to help you, when every other person or possibility has failed 是最后的求助对象；是最后的出路；是最后的办法
• You have to help me - you're my last resort. 你一定要帮我——你是我最后的希望了。
UK [rɪ'zɔ:t] US [-'zɔ:rt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  resort to sth
■to do something that you do not want to do because you cannot find any other way of achieving something （别无办法的情况下）诉诸，依靠，采用
• I had to resort to violence/threats to get my money. 为了拿到我的钱，我被迫诉诸暴力／采取威胁的手段。
• [+ -ing verb] When she didn't answer the telephone, I resorted to standing outside her window and calling up to her. 她不接我的电话，我没有办法，只好站在她窗外大声喊。
n. 凭借，手段；度假胜地；常去之地
 - instrument, shift, road, tool, implement
vi. 求助，诉诸；常去；采取某手段或方法
 - appeal, ask for help

Word: fumble
Front: fumble
[ˈfʌmbl] (宝 7872/9156 -1)
Vocabulary: fumble
(once / 855 pages)
1v 2n
If you're a football fan you know all about the agony of the fumble — the clumsy handling of the ball that makes you drop it or lose possession.
Fumbling is an uncoordinated movement that can involve your entire body, not just your hands. Witness the poor parent of a newborn trying to fumble with a diaper on at three in the morning. Fumble has a more metaphorical meaning as well, meaning to mess up or mishandle. Politicians are often accused of fumbling the major issues.
WORD FAMILY
fumble: fumbled, fumbler, fumbles, fumbling+/fumbler: fumblers/fumbling: fumblingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he also threw an interception and lost a fumble.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cook was 14 of 21 with a touchdown to Amari Cooper, an interception and a lost fumble against the defending Super Bowl champion Broncos.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
EJ Manuel , who was 9 of 20 for 86 yards and lost a fumble in the start, is scheduled to be a free agent.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 乱摸，摸索; 笨手笨脚地做; [橄榄球] 失球; [棒球]漏接
vt. 弄乱; 笨拙地做
n. 摸索; 失球，接漏球
时态：fumbled, fumbling, fumbles
分布：摸索(61%)，失球(16%)，漏接球(10%)，笨拙地做(7%)，笨手笨脚地做(3%)，弄乱(3%)
→拟声词，模仿笨拙的声音。比较bumble, stumble.
【记】原指：棒球中漏接地面球读：翻吧！
【反】handle adroitly（灵巧地处理或触摸）
verb
DO STH AWKWARDLY 笨手笨脚地做
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to do something awkwardly, especially when using your hands 笨手笨脚地做；（尤指）摸索，乱摸
• I fumbled with the lock. 我笨手笨脚地想把锁打开。
• He fumbled in his pockets for some change. 他在口袋里摸索着找零钱。
• She fumbled around/about in her handbag, looking for her key. 她在手提袋里摸索着找锁匙。
• They fumbled around/about (= moved awkwardly) in the dark, trying to find their way out of the cinema. 他们在黑暗中摸索，想从电影院里出去。
['fʌm.bl] verb
SPORT 运动
transitive
■in sport, to fail to catch a ball 漏接（球）
• If Wilson hadn't fumbled that catch , we might have won the match. 如果威尔逊没有漏掉那个球，这场比赛我们可能就会赢了。
['fʌm.bl] verb
THINK OF A WORD 思考词语
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to have difficulty saying or thinking of suitable words 找不到合适的词表达；搜肠刮肚
• I was fumbling for the right word. 我正在搜肠刮肚，想找一个合适的词。
vt. 摸索；笨拙地做；漏接
 - feel about, fish for
vi. 摸索；笨拙地行动；漏球
 - feel about, fish for
n. 摸索；笨拙的处理；漏球
 - floccillation

Word: erotic
Front: erotic
[ɪˈrɒtɪk] (7874/10223 -2)
Vocabulary: erotic
(once / 2846 pages)
adjn
Use erotic to describe a sexy, sexy person. What makes that person so sexy? Maybe his or her erotic attitude or looks, meaning "arousing."
The word erotic came into English from French — of course! — and can be traced back to the Greek word erōtikos, from erōs or erōt-, meaning “sexual love.” The adjective erotic is often used to describe a person’s carnal desires, but it can be used to characterize anything that’s sexual in nature or that arouses sexual desires, such as the erotic themes in a racy movie, an erotic dancer in a club, or erotic images in a painting.
WORD FAMILY
erotic: erotically, eroticism, eroticize, erotics, erotism+/eros: erotic /eroticism: eroticisms/eroticize: eroticized, eroticizes, eroticizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cinematic, visual, erotic, gentle and poetic are words that come to mind as I swirl around this collection.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
There isn’t much more erotic imagination in “Allied” than there is imagination of any other sort.
The New Yorker(Nov 29, 2016)
Or, in contrast, the erotic charge of the scene in The Grifters in which Annette Bening’s character runs naked down a corridor.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. （引起）性欲的，色情的
adv. 引起性欲地
n. 好色之徒
分布：性爱的(36%)，性欲的(25%)，色情的(21%)，好色之徒(11%)，恋爱诗(7%)
色情的[ero=love(爱)]
【记】源于希腊神话中的爱神Eros（伊洛斯）；Eros（n 性爱；性欲）e出，ro肉：露出肉的－性爱的e出，rot腐败：出门做一种腐败的事情－性爱的
【区】cupid（n 罗马爱神丘比特）cupidity（n 贪心；贪婪）
US [-'rɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■related to sexual desire and pleasure 性爱的，性欲的；色情的
• an erotic film 色情电影
• erotic dreams/feelings 有关性爱的梦／性冲动的感觉
adj. 色情的； [生物] 性爱的；性欲的
 - pornographic, sexy
n. 好色之徒
 - satyr, lewdster

Word: helping
Front: helping
[ˈhelpɪŋ] (7865/9512)
Back: n. （食物）的一份; 帮助，支持
v. 帮助( help的现在分词 ); 有助于，有利于; 治疗; 避免
分布：帮助(97%)，一客(1%)，辅助的(1%)，助人的(1%)
noun countable
■an amount of food given to one person at one time 一份食物
• a small/large helping of pasta 一小份／大份义大利面
n. 帮助，协助；一份食物
 - assistance, aid, hand, serving, boost
adj. 辅助的；给予帮助的
 - assistant, subsidiary, auxiliary, aided
v. 帮助；扶持（help的ing形式）
 - aiding

Word: lecture
Front: lecture
[ˈlektʃə(r)] (高研四六雅 3526/2588 -K3)
Vocabulary: lecture
(once / 180 pages)
nv
When your teacher stands up in front of you and teaches by talking about the latest chapter you've read or explaining how to do a new math problem - he is giving a lecture.
A lecture is most often used to describe a method of teaching, particularly popular in college, where professors give organized talks as lessons to large groups of students. It is not quite as positive when children level the term at their parents — "Don't lecture me!" — for criticizing their clothes, their friends or their music. Lecture can also be used to describe any public talk, most often by an expert.
WORD FAMILY
lecture: lectured, lecturer, lectures, lectureship, lecturing +/ lecturer: lecturers/lectureship: lectureships/ lecturing: lecturings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second group got a tactical lecture on the use of particular shots.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In simple terms, it’s an unprogrammed collection of rooms open to events, exhibitions, lectures, and performances.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Below the library is the lecture theatre, modelled on the Royal Institution in London and constructed in deep red Cuban mahogany.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 演讲; 训斥，教训
vi. 作演讲
vt. 给…作演讲; 教训（通常是长篇大论的）
时态：lectured, lecturing, lectures
分布：演讲(69%)，讲课(22%)，训斥(6%)，教导(2%)，训话(1%)
→来自拉丁语legere,读，词源同legible,进一步来自leg,收集，选出，整理，词源同collect,colleague.用指教堂读经，讲经，后词义通用化。
讲课,讲座(lect+ure)[lect,leg=speak,read,表示"讲,读"]
n./v.演讲,讲课In the selection the lecturer neglected the negligible negative reflection on the election.在选集中演讲者忽视了对选举的微不足道的消极反思.
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a formal talk on a serious or specialist subject given to a group of people, especially students （尤指面向学生的）讲座，课
• We went to a lecture on Italian art. 我们去参加了一个关于义大利艺术的讲座。
• Who's giving the lecture this afternoon? 今天下午的讲座由谁来讲？
Compare seminar an angry or serious talk given to someone in order to criticize their behaviour 教训，训斥，斥责
• My dad gave me a lecture on the evils of alcohol last night. 昨天晚上爸爸教训了我一顿，给我讲了酒的危害。
UK ['lek.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] verb
intransitive
■to give a formal talk to a group of people, often at a university （常指在大学里）讲课，讲授
• For ten years she lectured in law. 她教了十年的法律课。
• She travelled widely in North America, lecturing on women's rights. 她到北美各地宣讲妇女的权利。
transitive
■to talk angrily to someone in order to criticize their behaviour 教训，训斥，斥责
• His parents used to lecture him on his table manners. 以前他的父母经常批评他的餐桌礼仪。
lecture, speech, oration, address, report, talk
这组词都有“演讲，讲话，报告”的意思，其区别是：
lecture: 侧重带学术性的演讲。
speech: 普通用词，指一般的发言或讲话，可以是事先准备的，也可以是即席的。
oration: 常指在特殊场合，辞藻华丽，形式庄重，旨在激发听众感情的正式演说。
address: 正式用词，指在庄严隆重的场合作精心准备的演讲或正式演说。
report: 一般是指下级给上级或负责人给委托机关的书面或口头报告。
talk: 常用词，强调非正式讲话，讲话方式一般较为自由。
course, lesson, lecture, class
这组词都有“课”的意思，其区别是：
course: 指在一段时间内教完或学完的完整的课程。
lesson: 主要指教材中的一课或每次授课的单位时间。
lecture: 指讲课。
class: 从“班级”引申指学生在一起上课，还可表示“(一节)课”。
n. 演讲；讲稿；教训
 - speech, lesson, address, talk
vt. 演讲；训诫
 - discourse upon
vi. 讲课；讲演
 - prelect, dissertate

Word: estrogen
Front: estrogen
['i:strədʒən] (7885/-)
Back: n. 雌激素
分布：雌激素(100%)
→estro-, 发狂，发情，见estrus.-gen, 见generate.
noun uncountable mainly US for oestrogen

Word: ineffective
Front: ineffective
[ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv] (7869/7076 -1)
Vocabulary: ineffective
(once / 2289 pages)
adj
Use the adjective ineffective to describe something that doesn't work quite the way it's supposed to. You might complain about your ineffective guard dog, who wags his tail and licks everyone who comes to your house.
When you're ineffective, you're unable to accomplish something you're trying to do. You might realize that you're an ineffective babysitter when you can't get the kids to go to bed. Ineffective comes from the Latin prefix in, "not, or opposite of," added to effective, whose Latin root is effectivus, "productive." When something's unproductive, inefficient, or incapable, it's ineffective.
WORD FAMILY
ineffective: ineffectively, ineffectiveness+/ effect: effected, effecter, effecting, effective, effector, effects, effectuate /effecter: effecters/ effective: effectively, effectiveness, effectivity, ineffective, uneffective/effector: effectors/ effectuate: effectuated, effectuates, effectuating, effectuation
USAGE EXAMPLES
As he developed tolerance, the pain medications became increasingly ineffective.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Bowman denies he provided ineffective counsel, and lower courts agreed with him.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So government-owned banks end up becoming politically focused weapons that are ineffective, and which drain money and resources from our community.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 无效果的; 低效率的; 不起作用的; 无能力的
分布：无效的(79%)，无能的(13%)，效率低的(8%)
→in-,不，非，effective,有效的。
【记】effective（adj 有效的）；effect（n 效果）fect作
【参】inefficacious（adj 无效力的；无用的）fic作
adjective
■not producing the effects or results that are wanted 不起作用的，无效果的，不奏效的
• They made an ineffective attempt to get the rules changed. 他们试图改变规则，但未成功。
• The army has proved ineffective in protecting the civilian population. 军队没有起到保护平民的作用。
insufficient, inefficient, incompetent, ineffective
insufficient: 不充分的
inefficient: 效率低的
incompetent: 不胜任的
ineffective: 无效果的
adj. 无效的，失效的；不起作用的
 - useless, invalid

Word: polling
Front: polling
[ˈpəʊlɪŋ] (7877/9266 -1)
Back: n. 投票; 轮询
v. 获得…张票数(poll的ing形式); 对…进行调查; 投票
分布：投票(93%)，民意测验(6%)，动词poll的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
（选举中的）投票
Polling is the act of voting in an election.
例：There has been a busy start to polling in today's local elections...今天地方选举的投票一开始就人头攒动。
例：Elections were postponed the day before polling was due to take place.在预定进行投票的前一天选举被延期。
n. 投票；轮询
 - vote, referendums

Word: channel
Front: channel
[ˈtʃænl] (高研四六托雅 2518/1617 -K4)
Vocabulary: channel
(once / 151 pages)
1n 2nv 3n
A channel is a passageway, a means of access for a thing, a communication, or an idea.
Think of a channel as sort of a tunnel or a funnel that moves something directly through. The noun channel can be used for many such avenues. It can mean a waterway such as the English Channel — the "Chunnel" is a tunnel beneath the Channel — or a means of accomplishing a goal, as in "going through legal channels." Use it as a verb when you channel your energies to achieve success.
WORD FAMILY
channel: channeled, channeling, channelise, channelize, channelled, channelling, channels+/channelise: channelisation/channelize: channelization, channelized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins is to swap two wheels for two skis after signing up to appear on Channel 4's winter sports show The Jump.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But they’ve yet to channel that tangibly since they were reunited three games ago.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He works with local officials in Mexico to help channel remittances into projects in Ixmiquilpan, including a roof over a village school yard.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 频道，波道; 渠道; 途径; 海峡
vt. 引导，开导; 形成河道
时态：channelled, channelling, channels
分布：通道(35%)，频道(29%)，海峡(19%)，方法(8%)，引导(7%)，形成河道(2%)
→词源同cane, canal.
航道(chann管道+el)[-el表名词"人或物"]
n.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径The hungry drunk plunged a trunk of lungs into the tunnel under the channel.饥饿的醉汉把一大箱肺投进了水渠下面的隧道.
noun countable
TELEVISION 电视
 ESSENTIAL
■a television station 电视台；电视频道
• a cable/terrestrial channel 有线频道／地面频道
• a music/movie/news/shopping/sports channel 音乐／电影／新闻／购物／体育频道
• the news on Channel 4 四频道的新闻
• She switched/turned to another channel to watch the football. 她换到另一个频道看足球比赛。
['tʃæn.əl] noun countable
PASSAGE 通道
 ADVANCED
■a passage for water or other liquids to flow along, or a part of a river or other area of water which is deep and wide enough to provide a route for ships to travel along （水或其他液体流通的）管道，管道；航道
• There are drainage/irrigation channels all over this flat agricultural land. 在这片平坦的农田上遍布着排水／灌溉渠。
• The boats all have to pass through this narrow channel. 所有船只都必须通过这条狭窄的航道。
the (English) Channel
■the area of sea which separates England from France 英吉利海峡
• We're going to have a day-trip across the Channel. 我们将进行一次横度英吉利海峡的一日游。
• We took the car to France overnight on a (cross-) channel ferry. 我们头一天晚上用横度英吉利海峡的度船把汽车运到了法国。
['tʃæn.əl] noun countable
AIRPORT/PORT 机场／港口
■a route or way out of an airport or port where travellers' bags are examined （机场或港口检查旅客行李的）通道
• If you have nothing to declare, go through the green channel. 如果你没有东西要申报，就走绿色通道。
• Goods to declare - use the red channel. 有商品要报税——走红色通道。
['tʃæn.əl] noun countable
COMMUNICATING 交流
■a way of communicating with people or getting something done 途径，管道；手段
• We must open the channels of communication between the two countries. 我们必须打开两国之间的交流管道。
• The government pursued every diplomatic/official channel to free the hostages. 政府利用一切外交／官方途径以使人质获释。
• Complaints should be made through the proper/usual channels. 应当透过适当的／正常的管道进行投诉。
['tʃæn.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to direct something into a particular place or situation 引导；把…导入，将…引入
• Ditches were constructed to channel water away from the buildings. 修造沟渠是为了给建筑物排水。
• If she could only channel all that energy into something useful. 要是她能把那些精力都倾注到有用的事情上就好了。
• A lot of money has been channelled into research in that particular field. 大笔经费被投入到那个领域的研究中去了。
motorway（free way，express way）, vessel, pavement（sidewalk）, highway, route, trail, street, way, road, channel, lane
motorway（free way，express way）: 高速公路；
vessel: 血管，管道，一般指细小管道；
pavement（sidewalk）: 街道两旁的人行道；
highway: 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线;
route: 路线，航线；path：乡间小路，公园小径；
trail: 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道
street: 尤指城市中的道路；
way: 可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路、方法；
road: 广阔平坦的大道，多指公路；
channel: 海峡，渠道，管道；
lane: 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷；
strait, channel
这组词都有“海峡”的意思，其区别是：
strait: 指短而窄的海峡。常用复数形式但作单数用。
channel: 指比strait长而宽的海峡。
vt. 引导，开导；形成河道
 - aim, boot
n. 通道；频道；海峡
 - door, exit, neck, route, narrow

Word: cardboard
Front: cardboard
[ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d] (7873/8568 -K1)
Vocabulary: cardboard
(once / 2599 pages)
1n 2adj
The heavy, rigid paper that's used to make the boxes you use for mailing things is called cardboard. Cardboard also comes in handy for crafts and projects in classrooms.
A lot of cardboard is made from several layers of thick paper, so that it's stiff and strong, and protects items inside cardboard boxes. You can also use the word cardboard to describe a fictional character who doesn't seem real: "The mother in the movie was such a cardboard character." In the 18th century, cardboard was known as card paper.
WORD FAMILY
cardboard: cardboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a damp cardboard box on which I’d drawn a wonky face in Biro.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
HAJJAH, Yemen — The infant was barely breathing when his uncle brought him to the hospital in a cardboard box.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 卡（片）纸板; 纸板箱; 硬纸板
adj. 硬纸板制的; 虚假的
分布：厚纸板(68%)，不真实的(20%)，厚纸板的(7%)，无实质的(5%)
【记】card卡片，board木板
US ['kɑ:rd.bɔ:rd] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■material like very thick stiff paper, usually pale brown in colour, which is used especially for making boxes （尤指制作盒子的）硬纸板，卡纸板
• a cardboard box 硬纸板盒
UK ['kɑ:d.bɔ:d] US ['kɑ:rd.bɔ:rd] adjective disapproving
■relating to something, usually a character in a film or play, that does not seem to be real or interesting （通常指电影或剧本中的角色）不真实的，假的，做作的
• I've never enjoyed his plays - somehow all his characters are cardboard. 我向来不喜欢他的剧本——他笔下的人物都有些做作。
n. [纸] 硬纸板；纸板箱；卡纸板
 - hardboard, strawboard
adj. 不真实的； [纸] 硬纸板制的
 - impossible, unreal

Word: polish
Vocabulary: polish
(once / 294 pages)
vn
When you polish something, you rub and buff it until it shines. You might need to polish your reading glasses from time to time.
You might polish your wooden coffee table with a cloth or polish beach stones until they gleam. Polish is also a noun, meaning either the spray you use to shine up your furniture or the shininess itself: "The polish on that desk is unbelievable — I can almost see my reflection in it!" There is also a figurative kind of polish, a sort of elegance or clarity you might see in well-edited writing or a fashionable woman sliding into a taxi.
WORD FAMILY
polish: polished, polisher, polishes, polishing+/polished: unpolished/polisher: polishers/polishing: polishings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A popular choice in lobbies and restaurants, the polished material also suits a home’s foyer, kitchen or bathroom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Flowers is a similar type of threat, though he might be a slightly better runner and a little less polished in the passing game.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ms. Trump served as a more polished emissary of her father’s messages during the campaign, and she is under pressure to bring jobs home.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)

Word: squat
Front: squat
[skwɒt] (六托宝 7870/8932 -1)
Vocabulary: squat
(once / 642 pages)
vadjn
If you crouch down very low and sit on your heels, you squat. If you have to talk to a small child, you might have to squat to talk face-to-face.
The verb squat also means to illegally occupy a building — especially to live in it. If you own vacant property, you need to be careful that someone doesn't decide to squat in the empty house. As an adjective, squat describes someone who is very short and thick. In the movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the dwarfs are depicted as squat little men.
WORD FAMILY
squat: squatly, squatness, squats, squatted, squatter, squatting+/squatter: squatters/squatting: squattings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Men squat over indigo vats, dipping in T-shirt after T-shirt — some of them multiple times, to produce a darker, more intense shade.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Occupied as an artists squat starting in the 1980s, Les Frigos is today an emblematic artistic hub with coveted studios and exhibition space.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
After lunch he would do squats and push-ups, then return to the bunk until dinner.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹲，蹲伏; 擅自占用土地; 依法在政府公地上定居; 〈口〉坐
vt. 使蹲坐; 使蹲下; 擅自占用
n. 蹲坐，蹲姿; 擅自占用的土地; [体]蹲举式举重; 动物的窝
adj. 矮胖的; 蹲着的
时态：squatted, squatting, squats
分布：蹲(58%)，蹲坐(18%)，蹲下(8%)，低矮的(6%)，蹲着的(5%)，擅自占用的土地(2%)，擅自占地(2%)，矮胖胖的(1%)
→来自中古法语 squatten,蹲坐，来自古法语 esquatir,压，压下，来自 es-,向外，或表强调，quatir, 压，压下，来自通俗拉丁语*coactire,压，压下，来自 co-,表强调，-act,做，驱动，词源同 act,exact. 引申词义擅自占用无主土地或无主房产。
【记】squ压，at：把他压扁－矮胖的
【反】tall and thin（瘦高的）
US [skwɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
SIT 坐
intransitive
■to position yourself close to the ground balancing on the front part of your feet with your legs bent under your body 蹲，蹲坐
• She squatted on the ground and warmed her hands by the fire. 她蹲在地上，伸出双手烤火。
• He squatted down and examined the front wheel of his bike. 他蹲下身来，检查脚踏车的前轮。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
LIVE 住
intransitive or transitive
■to live in an empty building or area of land without the permission of the owner 擅自占用（空房或空地）；偷住
• They squatted (in)an old house in King's Cross when their money ran out. 他们钱花光后，就偷偷住进了国王十字车站的一处旧房子里。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] adjective (squatter, squattest)
■short and wide, usually in a way that is not attractive 低矮的；矮墩墩的，矮胖的
• a row of ugly squat houses 一排低矮难看的房子
• a heavily-built squat man 矮胖的男人
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
SITTING 坐
countable
■a squatting position or exercise 蹲坐；蹲伏
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
PLACE TO LIVE 居所
countable
■the place that you live in when you are squatting 擅自占用的地方；偷住的房子
• They're living in a damp squat with no electricity. 他们偷住在一处空房子里，既潮湿又没有电。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
ANYTHING 任何事物
uncountable US slang
■anything 任何东西
• She shouldn't talk - she doesn't know squat about it. 她不该说话——她甚么都不懂。
• His opinion isn't worth squat. 他的看法一文不值。
vi. 蹲，蹲下；蹲坐；蹲伏
 - bend down, stay down
adj. 蹲着的；矮胖的
 - podgy, five-by-five

Word: sediment
Front: sediment
[ˈsedɪmənt] (托雅宝 7879/5512 -1)
Vocabulary: sediment
(once / 2379 pages)
nv
Sediment is the accumulation of sand and dirt that settles in the bottom of lakes. Sediment is also what you get in the bottom of a glass of iced tea when the sugar doesn’t all dissolve.
The noun sediment comes from the Latin word sedere, meaning “to settle,” or “sit.” Sediment is the little bits of solids that sink to the bottom of a container of liquid, whether that container is a body of water or a holding tank at a sewage treatment plant. Millions of years ago, lakes dried up and glaciers compressed their sediment. In this sedimentary rock, fossils are found, giving us clues about prehistoric life.
WORD FAMILY
sediment: sedimentary, sedimentation, sedimenting, sediments
USAGE EXAMPLES
And sediment from Mad River was milled into the bar countertop.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For years, the dams starved the area of sediment, so homeowners armored the shoreline with concrete, riprap, and rows of boulders to prevent erosion.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Before the Champagne is finished, the sediment left by the dead yeast is expelled, or disgorged, from the bottle.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. [地]沉淀物; 沉积物，沉渣
分布：沉淀物(100%)
→来自拉丁语 sedere,坐下，词源同 sit,seat.-ment,名词后缀。引申比喻义沉积物，沉淀物。
【记】sedi坐，ment一坐下去的东西－沉淀物
noun
countable or uncountable
■a soft substance that is like a wet powder and consists of very small pieces of a solid material which have fallen to the bottom of a liquid 沉淀物，沉渣
• There was a brown sediment in the bottom of the bottle. 瓶子底部有褐色的沉淀物。
sediments [plural]
■sand, stones, etc. that eventually form a layer of rock 沉积物（最终形成一层岩石的沙和石头等）
• It is hoped that the oil slick will sink to the seabed where it would be covered within a few years by sediments and eventually decompose. 人们希望浮油会沉到海底，并且在数年后被沉积物覆盖，逐渐分解。
n. [地质] 沉积； [化学] 沉淀物
 - deposit, precipitation, sludge

Word: jersey

Word: working-class
Front: working-class
[ˈwɜ:kɪŋ klɑ:s] None
Back: adj. 工人阶级的
分布：工人阶级的(100%)

Word: attribution
Front: attribution
[ˌætrɪ'bju:ʃn] (7866/16717)
Vocabulary: attribution
(once / 12574 pages)
n
"A wise man once said..." Ever wonder who said that famous quotation? Then you're curious about its attribution. An attribution identifies a source or cause of something — in this case, the person who first said the quote.
Attribution often involves identifying the author or source of written material or a work of art. If you want to prove that painting you found in your basement is a van Gogh, you'd produce evidence to ensure proper attribution. The word can be used more generally to indicate the source of anything, whether it's a bombing, climate change, or success. For example, attribution of your success might be hard work and the support of family and friends.
WORD FAMILY
attribution: attributions+/ attributable: unattributable/ attribute: attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution, attributive, reattribute/attributive: attributively/reattribute: reattributes
USAGE EXAMPLES
He further added: “It would’ve helped, really, to publish a thorough, precise, historically informed and technically honest attribution report in plain English.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
In fact, experts are getting better at the science of “climate attribution,” as a new report from the American Meteorological Society shows.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"We did attribution back to the Russian government," Shawn Henry of CrowdStrike told me before the election.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 归属; 归因; 属性; 归属物
分布：归属(51%)，属性(49%)
属性,归因[tribut=give,表示"给予"]
noun uncountable
■when something is attributed to a particular person or thing, for example when it is said to be the work of someone else or the result of something else 归因；归属
• The usual attribution of the work to Leonardo is now disputed by several experts. 一般认为这幅作品出自莱昂纳多的手笔，但现在这种说法受到了数位专家的质疑。
n. 归因；属性；归属
 - ascription, attributes property attributes

Word: recollection
Front: recollection
[ˌrekəˈlekʃn] (托宝 7880/7528)
Vocabulary: recollection
(once / 257 pages)
n
Recollection is either the process of remembering something or a specific memory.
If someone says, "To the best of my recollection, I never met Ted," they're saying they tried to remember Ted and couldn’t. Basically, your memory is your recollection. You can also say your memories are recollections. You could have a recollection of a baseball game on your birthday. If you know that collecting is to gather things, it makes sense that recollecting is like the process of gathering your memories.
WORD FAMILY
recollection: recollections+/ collect: collectable, collected, collectible, collecting, collection, collective, collector, collects, recollect / collected: collectedly, self-collected, uncollected/collectible: collectibles, uncollectible/collecting: collectings/ collection: collections/ collective: collectively, collectives, collectivise, collectivism, collectivize/collectivise: collectivisation, collectivised/ collectivism: collectivisms, collectivist, collectivistic/collectivist: collectivists/collectivistic: collectivistically/collectivization: collectivizations/collectivize: collectivization, collectivized, collectivizing/collector: collectors/ recollect: recollected, recollecting, recollection, recollective, recollects
USAGE EXAMPLES
In between begging, Roughol sat in the local park jotting his recollections in notebooks, which he handed over to Debré to edit.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
With a grin at a sudden recollection she says, “I remember her sister, my youngest, was born when there was a big earthquake in Pakistan.”
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Which is, perhaps, a sadly appropriate note on which to end a recollection of 2016.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 回忆，追忆; 往事; 回忆录; [宗]冥想
分布：回忆(53%)，记忆(38%)，记忆力(5%)，回忆起的事物(4%)
→来自 recollect,回想，想起。
回想,回忆(recollect+ion)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
【记】re重新，collection（n 收藏；收集）：重新收集往事－回忆
【参】recombine（v 再结合）
[ˌrek.ə'lek.ʃən] formal
noun
countable
■a memory of something 回忆（的事情），记忆；往事
• I have many pleasant recollections of the time we spent together. 我们一起度过的时光给我留下了许多美好的回忆。
uncountable
■the ability to remember things 记忆力；记性
• His powers of recollection are extraordinary. 他的记忆力超群。
[ˌrek.ə'lek.ʃən] formal
noun
to the best of my recollection
■from what my memory tells me 如果我没记错的话
• To the best of my recollection I have never seen her before. 如果我没记错的话，我以前从来没有见过她。
n. 回忆；回忆起的事物
 - memory, recall

Word: fallen
Front: fallen
[ˈfɔ:lən] (7883/10003)
Vocabulary: fallen
(once / 82 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something that's fallen has dropped to the ground. You might collect fallen apples to make into cider or applesauce.
The most literal sense of something fallen is just what it sounds like — an object that's moved from a high place to a lower place, usually due to gravity. There are also some figurative meanings: a fallen soldier has died on the battlefield, and a fallen person has committed a moral sin or ruined his reputation. In the 17th century, fallen frequently meant "morally ruined," more often describing a women than a man.
WORD FAMILY
fall: fallen, faller, falling, falls, fell +/faller: fallers/ fell: felled, feller, felling, fells/feller: fellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He and Hopper ambled into the back yard to sweep up fallen olive leaves.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The agency is offering 16 large pieces of the fallen oak for the art contest, sponsored Georgia Power and Southeast Georgia Health System.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He was one of the first of the fallen Republican candidates to endorse Donald Trump.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <正>阵亡者
adj. 倒下的; （女子）已失身的; 落下的; 落在地上的
v. 降低( fall的过去分词 ); 来临; 成为; 降落
分布：落下的(82%)，动词fall的过去分词.(18%)
US ['fɑ:-] adjective [before noun]
LYING ON GROUND 倒地的
■lying on the ground, after falling down 落在地上的；倒地的
• A fallen tree was blocking the road. 一棵倒下的大树挡住了路。
■having dropped down 掉落的，落下的
• fallen leaves 落叶
UK ['fɔ:.lən] US ['fɑ:-] adjective [before noun]
DEFEATED
■describes someone who has been defeated or has lost a position of power 被打败的；失去权力的
• The Education Minister will now join the ranks of other fallen politicians. 现在教育部长将和其他政坛人物一样被罢免了。
UK ['fɔ:.lən] US ['fɑ:-] plural noun formal
the fallen
■soldiers who have died in a war 阵亡将士
• a statue in memory of the fallen 纪念阵亡将士的雕像
adj. 堕落的；落下来的；陷落的
 - perverse, vicious

Word: lobbying
Front: lobbying
['lɒbɪɪŋ] (7882/11981)
Back: vi. 为了支持或抵制某项特定目标游说（lobby的现在分词形式）
分布：游说(53%)，大厅(46%)，民众接待厅(1%)
VERB
向（政府官员、委员会委员等）进行游说（或疏通）
If you lobby someone such as a member of a government or council, you try to persuade them that a particular law should be changed or that a particular thing should be done.
例：Carers from all over the UK lobbied Parliament last week to demand a better financial deal...英国各地的家庭看护人员上周向议会游说，要求改善经济待遇。
例：Gun control advocates are lobbying hard for new laws...枪械管制支持者正努力游说通过新法。
N-COUNT
游说团体；活动集团
A lobby is a group of people who represent a particular organization or campaign, and try to persuade a government or council to help or support them.
例：Agricultural interests are some of the most powerful lobbies in Washington...农业利益集团是华盛顿最具影响力的游说团体之一。
例：He set up this lobby of independent producers.他组织了这个由独立生产商组成的游说团。
N-COUNT
（旅馆等大型建筑的）门厅，大厅，大堂
In a hotel or other large building, the lobby is the area near the entrance that usually has corridors and staircases leading off it.
例：I met her in the lobby of the museum.我在博物馆的前厅遇见了她。
n. 游说
 - sales talk

Word: seventy
Front: seventy
[ˈsevnti] (中高四六 7889/2261 -5)
Back: n. 七十; 从七十到七十九的数目、年数或温度
分布：七十(100%)
US [-tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL countable
■the number 70 （数位）70
• sixty, seventy, eighty 60， 70， 80
• This house was built seventy years ago. 这栋房子建于70年前。
• She's getting on for seventy. 她将近七十岁了。
UK ['sev.ən.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
seventies [plural]
■A person's seventies are the period in which they are aged between 70 and 79 七十多岁（指70到79岁的时期）
• He's very active considering he's in his seventies. 鉴于他都70多岁了，他已经算是非常有活力的了。
the seventies [plural]
■the range of temperature between 70° and 79° Fahrenheit 七十多度（指华氏70到79度之间）
• The temperature is expected to reach the seventies tomorrow. 明天的温度预计会达到华氏70多度。
■the period of years between 70 and 79 in any century 七十年代
• Flared trousers and platform shoes were fashionable in the seventies (= between 1970 and 1979). 喇叭裤和厚底鞋在20世纪70年代风行一时。
n. 七十；七十个；七十岁；七十年代
 - three score years and ten

Word: chair
Front: chair
[tʃeə(r)] (中高雅 946/1029 -K4)
Vocabulary: chair
(once / 53 pages)
1n 2nv 3n 4n 5n
A chair is a seat with four legs and a back to lean against. When you invite a large group for dinner, you have to make sure you find chairs for all of your guests.
As opposed to a bench, couch, or sofa, a chair usually seats one single person. You might have wooden kitchen chairs and a comfortable, upholstered chair with arms for watching TV. Another kind of chair is the leader of an organization or group, and it's also a verb meaning to lead such a group: "I've been asked to chair the monthly meetings of the stamp collectors' club." The Old French root is chaiere, "seat or throne."
WORD FAMILY
chair: chaired, chairing, chairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some states, such Mississippi, do not pay their party chairs.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mari, adopted more than three years ago from the Philippines, was summoned to the witness chair.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet the same materials for a Duchenne drug reviewed fewer than six months earlier say that “by age 10-14, patients become wheel chair bound.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 椅子; 大学教授职位; 主持会议的主席（的席位或职位）; 讲座
vt. 主持; 使…入座; 使就任要职
时态：chaired, chairing, chairs
分布：椅子(94%)，主持(5%)，当 ... 的主席(1%)
→来自拉丁词cathedra，cat-, 向下，-hed,坐，同sit, seat. 比喻义主持，权威。比较holy seat, 圣座。
n.椅子;(会议的)主席vt.当...的主席,主持On the impaired dairy the chairman lay in a pair of repaired chairs for haircut.在遭到损害的牛奶场,主席躺在一对修理过的椅子上理发.
US [tʃer] noun countable
FURNITURE 家俱
 ESSENTIAL
■a seat for one person, which has a back, usually four legs, and sometimes two arms 椅子
⇒ See also armchair;deckchair;pushchair;wheelchair
the chair informal for
■ the electric chair （用以处决罪犯的）电椅
UK [tʃeər] US [tʃer] noun countable
TITLE 头衔
■(the official position of) a person in charge of a meeting or organization, or a position in an official group, or the person in charge of or having an important position in a college or university department 主席（职位），委员长（职位）；（大学）系主任
• All questions should be addressed to the chair. 所有的问题都应当向主席提出。
UK [tʃeər] US [tʃer] verb transitive
■to be the person in charge of a meeting, etc. 主持（会议等）
• Would you like to chair tomorrow's meeting? 你愿意主持明天的会议吗？
armchair, chair, bench, stool
这组词都有“椅子”的意思，其区别是：
armchair: 指有扶手的椅子。
chair: 通常指带有靠背的椅子，有时也指有靠背有扶手的椅子。
bench: 指可供两人或更多人坐的长凳或石凳，多置于公园或划艇中。
stool: 多指方的或圆的无靠背无扶手一人坐的凳子。
n. [家具] 椅子；讲座；（会议的）主席位；大学教授的职位
 - cathedra

Word: bartender
Front: bartender
[ˈbɑ:tendə(r)] (7886/33875)
Vocabulary: bartender
(once / 4094 pages)
n
A bartender is a person who mixes, pours, and serves drinks from behind a bar. The bartender at a bar mitzvah may spend hours putting little paper umbrellas in Shirley Temples for the young guests.
If you work as a bartender, you need to know how to mix cocktails, pour wine and beer, and keep the bar tidy. Most bartenders don't make a high hourly wage, but depend on tips to make a good living. Many events, like wedding receptions and big parties, include a bartender. The word itself dates from the early 19th century, from bar, which comes from the barrier or counter over which drinks are served, and tender, or "seller."
WORD FAMILY
bartender: bartenders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The white guy, who happened to be the only white guy at the bar besides the bartender, nudged me.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Recommendations include requiring bartenders and others who serve alcohol to be trained in identifying intoxicated customers.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One woman rushed here because her nephew works as a bartender at the Reina club.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 酒吧间销售酒精饮料的人，酒吧间男招待
分布：酒保(100%)
US ['bɑ:rˌten.dɚ] mainly US (UK also male barman)
noun countable
■someone who makes and serves drinks in a bar 酒吧侍者
n. 酒保，酒吧间销售酒精饮料的人；酒吧侍者
 - tapster

Word: akin
Front: akin
[əˈkɪn] (托 7884/9616 -1)
Vocabulary: akin
(once / 753 pages)
adj
If two things are akin, then they're similar or related. A cupcake is akin to a cake and relatives are akin to each other.
If you know the word kin — a relative — then you have a clue to the meaning of akin. People who are related are akin, but the word goes beyond blood relations. Football is akin to the sport of rugby; baseball is akin to the British sport cricket. Mice are akin to rats, and rats are akin to gerbils, hamsters, and squirrels. Things that are akin are alike.
WORD FAMILY
akin
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hawkins said last week the choir’s tradition of presidential performances was not akin to “implied support of party affiliations or politics”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
That motion would, in turn, shorten or stretch the time between pulses from pulsars in different directions, in an effect akin to the Doppler shift.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
He described Obama as a “retrenchment president” akin to Dwight Eisenhower.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 同族的; 相似的; 同源的; 关系密切的
分布：同族的(56%)，同类的(33%)，近似的(11%)
→来自短语 of kin.
adjective [after verb]
■similar; having some of the same qualities 相似的，类似的
• They speak a language akin to French. 他们说的是一种类似法语的语言。
adj. 类似的；同类的；同族的
 - parallel, analogous

Word: forearm
Front: forearm
[ˈfɔ:rɑ:m] (7895/12648 -1)
Back: n. 前臂
vt. 预先武装，预先准备
时态：forearmed, forearming, forearms
分布：前臂(100%)
→fore-,在前。arm, 胳膊。
前人,祖先(fore+amr胳膊)[fore-表示"前面,预先"]
US ['fɔ:r.ɑ:rm] noun countable
■the lower part of the arm, between the wrist and the elbow (= the middle of the arm where it bends) 前臂
n. [解剖] 前臂
 - antebrachium, cubitus
vt. 预先武装；准备
 - provide, fix

Word: succumb
Front: succumb
[səˈkʌm] (托雅宝 7888/8445 -1)
Vocabulary: succumb
(once / 1048 pages)
v
Use the verb succumb to say that someone yields to something they've tried to fight off, such as despair, temptation, disease or injury.
If you succumb to cancer, it means you die of it. From this sentence you can see that this verb is usually followed by the preposition to. The Latin root is succumbere, from the prefix sub- "under" plus -cumbere "to lie down."
WORD FAMILY
succumb: succumbed, succumbing, succumbs
USAGE EXAMPLES
He never tells us what she died of, though there are hints that she committed suicide: “She succumbed to her own melancholy.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But Rasputin allegedly did not succumb, and kept asking to meet Irina upstairs.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
His father is Sting, hence the Newcastle allegiance and a refusal “to succumb to Spurs or Arsenal” while growing up in north London.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 屈服; 死亡
时态：succumbed, succumbing, succumbs
分布：死(57%)，屈从(43%)
→suc-,在下，-cumb,躺，词源同 succubus,recumbent.即躺在下面，引申比喻义屈服，屈从。
屈从;死亡(suc+cumb躺→躺下去→屈从;死亡)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
屈服;死亡(suc下面+cumb→躺下去→屈服;死亡)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
【记】suc下面，cumb躺－躺下去－屈从
【参】recumbent（adj 靠着的；斜躺着的）；encumber（v 妨碍）
[sə'kʌm] formal
verb intransitive
■to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat 屈从，屈服；放弃抵抗；承认失败
• The town finally succumbed last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than two months. 在遭受了两个多月的猛烈炮火轰击后，小镇最终在上星期放弃抵抗。
• I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake. 我还是没抵挡住诱惑，吃了一块乳酪蛋糕。
• I felt sure it would only be a matter of time before he succumbed to my charms. 我确信他为我的魅力所倾倒只不过是个时间问题。
■to die or suffer badly from an illness 病死；生病；受病痛折磨
• Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months. 过去几个月里，几千头乳牛都得了这种病。
vi. 屈服；死；被压垮
 - to surrender, genuflect

Word: seasoned
Front: seasoned
[ˈsi:znd] (雅宝 7891/14288 -1)
Vocabulary: seasoned
(once / 1420 pages)
adj
Seasoned describes a person who has been around forever, doing what they do, and doing it well — throughout the seasons. They have lots of experience, and they can handle just about anything that comes their way.
To become seasoned takes a long time, because it means you are an old pro — someone who has dedicated years to a specific skill or activity. A seasoned hiker can tell you the fastest path up any mountain, and a seasoned bowler spends hours practicing in order to bowl strikes every time. Seasoned can also describe food that is full of herbs and spices, like the heavily seasoned French fries that seasoned bowlers eat at a bowling alley.
WORD FAMILY
seasoned: unseasoned+/season: preseason, seasonable, seasonal, seasoned, seasoner, seasoning, seasons/seasonable: seasonableness, seasonably, unseasonable/seasonal: seasonally, seasonals/seasoning: seasonings/unseasonable: unseasonableness, unseasonably
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will continue to be speculation about Elway rolling the dice on another seasoned star, the way he did so successfully with Peyton Manning.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Probably not — the fish is supermarket quality, and it is seasoned with what literally tastes like bottled Chinese chile sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Franklin is a seasoned scholar and an ordained minister, the former president of Morehouse College and the author of multiple books.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 调过味的; 成熟的，老练的
v. “season”的过去式和过去分词
分布：经验丰富的(93%)，晒干的(3%)，加佐料的(3%)，动词season的过去式和过去分词形式.(1%)
→season,季节，-ed,过去分词后缀。比喻用法，经历过四季更替的，见过世面的。
【记】season赛季，ed：经过了很多赛季的－经验丰富的
adjective
■having a lot of experience of doing something and therefore knowing how to do it well 经验丰富的；老到的
• a seasoned traveller 经验丰富的旅行者
• a seasoned campaigner for human rights 经验丰富的人权活动家
adj. 经验丰富的；老练的；调过味的
 - experienced, diplomatic

Word: evaporate
Front: evaporate
[ɪˈvæpəreɪt] (研四六托雅宝 7887/8428 -1)
Vocabulary: evaporate
(once / 994 pages)
1v 2v
To evaporate is to fade away or to literally turn into vapor. If you leave a glass of water out and the water slowly disappears, it's not being consumed by elves; it's evaporating.
People often use the word evaporate metaphorically because it produces a strong image of something disappearing like vapor. When the economy goes through a rough patch, funding for projects like education and the arts tends to evaporate or disappear. Your feelings for a mate might evaporate after you spend too much time with him or her.
WORD FAMILY
evaporate: evaporable, evaporated, evaporates, evaporating, evaporation, evaporative+/ evaporation: evaporations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Simmer over medium-low heat until the liquid evaporates and the hibiscus flowers are soft and thickly coated, about 40 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Cook, stirring occasionally, until most of the moisture released from the mushrooms evaporates, about 5 minutes.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“Leonard is still under contract with the Navy, and tens of millions of dollars are continuing to evaporate into thin air.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使某物）蒸发掉
vi. 消失; 发散气体; 蒸发
vt. 使脱水; 使蒸发; 使挥发; 使沉淀
时态：evaporated, evaporating, evaporates
分布：蒸发(74%)，消失(24%)，失去水分(2%)
→e-, 向外。vapor, 蒸气，蒸发。
蒸发(e出+vapor+ate→以蒸汽的方式出来→蒸发)[vapor=steam,表示"蒸汽"]
v.蒸发,挥发;沉淀;发射;消失Our last hope has evaporated.我们最后的希望已消失了.
【记】e出，vapor（n 水蒸气；水汽）－出水汽－蒸发
US [-ɚ-] verb
BECOME GAS 变成气体
intransitive or transitive
■to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating （尤指透过加热）（使）挥发，蒸发
• The high concentration of sugars forms a syrup when the sap evaporates. 当树汁中的水分蒸发时，糖分就浓缩成糖浆。
• Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from their leaves. 夏天植物透过叶子蒸发水分保持清凉。
UK [ɪ'væp.ər.eɪt] US [-ɚ-] verb
DISAPPEAR 消失
intransitive
■to disappear 消失；消散
• Halfway through the film reality evaporates and we enter a world of pure fantasy. 电影看到一半，我们就离开现实世界，完全进入了幻境中。
fade, evaporate, disappear, vanish
这组词都有“消失”的意思，其区别是：
fade: 侧重逐渐消失。
evaporate: 指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。
disappear: 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。
vanish: 语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。
vt. 使……蒸发；使……脱水；使……消失
 - vapor
vi. 蒸发，挥发；消失，失踪
 - disappear, blank

Word: wink
Front: wink
[wɪŋk] (研六宝 7901/10631 -1)
Back: vt. 使眼色; 递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）; （指光）闪烁; 闪亮
n. 眨眼; 一眨眼间; 闪烁
vi. 眨眼; 使眼色; 闪烁
时态：winked, winking, winks
分布：眨眼(57%)，闪烁(17%)，使眼色(15%)，瞬间(11%)
→来自weng,弯，转，摇晃，词源同wince,winch。引申词义点头，眨眼，合眼，示意，现主要用于词义眨眼。
v.(使)眨眼;眨眼示意n.眨眼;小睡,打盹He winked away [back] his tears.他眨眼除去 [抑制] 眼泪.
verb intransitive
■to close one eye for a short time as a way of greeting someone or showing friendliness, sexual interest, etc., or of showing that you are not serious about something you have said 眨眼示意；使眼色
• She winked at me as he turned his back. 他转过身去的时候，她向我眨了眨眼。
• For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he winked at me. 有一阵我以为他是认真的，但是没多久他就向我眨了眨眼，暗示我他在开玩笑。
■When lights wink, they keep flashing on and off quickly （灯光）闪烁，明灭
• Reflected in the water, the lights winked at us from the other side of the lake. 湖对岸的灯光映在水中，向我们一闪一闪的。
• The light was winking on the answering machine. 录音电话上的指示灯一闪一闪的。
[wɪŋk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wink at sth
■to pretend not to notice something bad that is happening because it is more convenient for you （对坏事情）睁一只眼闭一只眼，装作没看见
[wɪŋk] noun countable
■when you wink at someone 眨眼（示意）；眼色
• He gave me a conspiratorial wink as they left the room. 他们离开房间的时候，他向我诡秘地眨了眨眼。
[wɪŋk] noun countable
not sleep a wink (also not get a wink of sleep)
■to not sleep at all 根本没合眼
• I didn't sleep a wink last night with all that noise. 昨晚噪声那么大，我根本就没睡着。
vi. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁
 - nictate, coruscate
n. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁；瞬间
 - moment, breath, second, instant
vt. 眨眼
 - blink

Word: simulate
Front: simulate
[ˈsɪmjuleɪt] (研六托雅宝 7892/9883 -1)
Vocabulary: simulate
(once / 1476 pages)
v
When you simulate something you imitate it. Hollywood makeup artists can use pencils and gray wigs to simulate old age in a young actor. It can also mean to model––a computer can simulate disaster scenarios in cities.
If you really admire someone's calm-under-pressure attitude, you may try to simulate their demeanor. When opening a present, it's polite to simulate surprise and excitement about the gift item, even if you already have it or it is ugly as dirt. Don't try to simulate your parents' signatures on excuse cards, though––signatures are unique to individuals––impossible to simulate perfectly.
WORD FAMILY
simulate: simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation, simulator+/ simulation: simulations/simulator: simulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one drill, a robot simulated a running back breaking into the open field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
However, simulated waste used in practice runs coated the inside of the cylinder causing a bark-like substance to form, disrupting the process.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
When LaClergue simulated the next 20 years under existing zoning, he predicted 60 units would be demolished, more than with the upzone.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 假装，冒充; 模仿; 模拟; [生]拟态
adj. 模仿的; 假装的
时态：simulated, simulating, simulates
分布：模拟(91%)，模仿(6%)，假装(3%)
→来自拉丁语 simulare,模仿，使相似，来自 similis,相似的，词源同 same,similar.引申诸相关词 义。
假装;模仿(simul+ate→做得相像→模仿)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
v.模仿,模拟;假装,冒充Some moths simulate dead leaves.有些蛾拟态为枯叶.
verb transitive
■to do or make something which looks real but is not real 类比，模仿；假装，伪装
• In cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood. 廉价家俱经常用塑胶冒充木材。
• formal Ruth simulated pleasure at seeing Simon, but really she wished he hadn't come. 看见西蒙，露丝假装很高兴，可是实际上她希望他没来。
• Some driving teachers use computers to simulate (= represent) different road conditions for learners to practise on. 有些驾驶教练用电脑类比不同的路况供学员练习。
simulate, feign, pretend
这组词都有“假装”的意思，其区别是：
simulate: 主要指模仿他人或他物的样子，假装具有他人或他物的特点。
feign: 常和pretend换用，一般指言行上的“装做，假装”如装无知、悲哀；装死、疯或装做睡眠等。
pretend: 指公开表示的与心里想的与客观实际不符合，含公开承认其虚假的意味。
vt. 模仿；假装；冒充
 - pattern, come, imitate
adj. 模仿的；假装的
 - affected, assumed

Word: shudder
Front: shudder
[ˈʃʌdə(r)] (宝 7900/6762 -1)
Vocabulary: shudder
(once / 272 pages)
vn
A shudder is an involuntary vibration, usually in your body, or the shaking itself. A cold breeze or an unpleasant memory might make you shudder.
A shudder isn't always a bad thing. It can mean a pleasurable sensation or tingle that goes through your body, like a shudder of excitement you feel when you see your favorite star on the street. As a verb, shudder means to shake and shiver. Being really cold or seeing something that scares you — a ghost! — can make you shudder. The phrase "shudder to think" means just the thought of something upsets you enough to shudder.
WORD FAMILY
shudder: shuddered, shuddering, shudders, shuddery+/shuddering: shudderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“They threatened execution many times,” Mr. Garratt said with a shudder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I shuddered at the same photos that chilled the victims’ families.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: vt. & vi. 战栗; 发抖; 震动; 颤动
n. 颤动，打颤; 战栗
时态：shuddered, shuddering, shudders
分布：战栗(51%)，发抖(43%)，震颤(6%)
→来自中古低地德语 schoderen,颤抖，摇晃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skuth,摇晃，晃动，可能来 自 skek,摇晃，词源同 shake.-er,表反复。拼写比较 red,rouge.
【记】读：杀得－此人杀得，那人就会颤栗
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to shake suddenly with very small movements because of a very unpleasant thought or feeling （因有令人不快的想法或感觉而）战栗，发抖
• The sight of so much blood made him shudder. 看到那么多的血，他不禁浑身颤抖。
• She shuddered at the thought of kissing him. 她一想到亲吻他就禁不住发抖。
 ADVANCED
■When something shudders, it shakes violently and quickly 剧烈震动
• I heard a massive explosion and the ground shuddered beneath me. 我听到一声巨大的爆炸声，脚下的地面随之剧烈震动。
• There was a screech of brakes and the bus shuddered to a halt (= shook violently and stopped). 伴随着一声尖厉的急煞车声，公车剧烈地晃动着停了下来。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
I shudder to think
■said when you are worried about something unpleasant that might happen or might have happened 我一想到…就惴惴不安，我真不敢想
• I shudder to think what my parents will say when I tell them I've failed my exams. 我真不敢想如果告诉父母自己没有通过考试他们会怎么说。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
shudder to a halt
■If a system shudders to a halt, it suddenly stops working （系统）突然失灵
• The economy has shuddered to a halt because of the civil war. 内战使经济一下子陷入停滞。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
■when someone or something shudders 发抖，战栗
• He gave a slight shudder as he considered how near he had come to death. 想到自己曾与死神那么接近，他禁不住微微发抖。
• She recalled with a shudder how her boss had once tried to kiss her. 她回想起她的老板如何试图强吻她时，不禁浑身颤抖。
• figurative Britain's second biggest supermarket chain has sent a shudder through (= has had a strong effect on) its rivals by slashing its prices. 英国的第二大连锁超市透过大幅降价给对手造成极大的震撼。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
send shudders /a shudder down your spine
■to cause you to feel extremely worried or frightened 使（某人）不寒而栗
• When I think of what might have happened in the accident, it sends shudders down my spine. 想到当时事故中可能出现的状况，我就不寒而栗。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 发抖；战栗；震动
 - shock, shaking
vi. 发抖；战栗
 - shake, tremble

Word: intrigue
Front: intrigue
[ɪnˈtri:g] (研六托雅宝 7897/11346 -2)
Vocabulary: intrigue
(once / 353 pages)
1nv 2v
An intrigue is a secret plot. If you ever become the monarch of a small island kingdom, keep watch for signs of any intrigue against you.
Intrigue comes from the Latin verb intricare, to entangle, and is related to intricate. It can be a noun, meaning underhanded plot, or a verb for the act of plotting. Agents of two opposing powers intrigue against each other. In the late nineteenth century it also came to mean the feeling of curiosity or interest. If someone's ideas intrigue you, you want to know more about them.
WORD FAMILY
intrigue: intrigued, intriguer, intrigues, intriguing +/intriguer: intriguers/ intriguing: intriguingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first I instantly thought it was marketing hype but slowly the story intrigued me and I began searching online.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The manuscript’s odyssey — from its creation in Mexico to its recent arrival in Manhattan — is a tale laced with intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But a more intriguing development is wearables with built-in airbags.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 密谋，阴谋; 私通，奸情
vi. 耍阴谋
vt. 以谋略达成; 激起…的好奇心
时态：intrigued, intriguing, intrigues
分布：阴谋(72%)，私通(12%)，密谋(10%)，复杂的事(3%)，欺骗(2%)，激起 ... 的兴趣(1%)
→in-,进入，使，-trig,琐事，繁琐，词源同trick,extricate.即卷进去的，引申词义激发，激起好奇心，同时，也用于指阴谋，密谋等。
n.阴谋v.密谋,私通;激起...的兴趣;诡计取得The news intrigued all of us.这条新闻引起了我们大家的兴趣.
【记】in进入，trigue＝tric计谋－用计谋让你进入兴趣源于：trigger（vt 引发；n 板机）－引起兴趣
【反】pall（v 使平淡无味）
verb transitive /ɪnˈtriːg/
■to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual or mysterious （尤指因奇怪、不寻常或神秘而）使很感兴趣，迷住
• Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. 纵观历史，人们一直被这样一个问题吸引着：宇宙的其他地方是否也存在著有智力的生物？
noun countable or uncountable /ˈɪn.triːg/
■(the making of) a secret plan to do something, especially something that will harm another person （尤指伤害他人的）密谋；阴谋，诡计
• a tale of political intrigue 政治阴谋的传闻
n. 阴谋；诡计；复杂的事；私通
 - scheme, designing, fraud, plot, conspiracy
vi. 私通；密谋
 - plot, collogue

Word: volleyball
Front: volleyball
[ˈvɒlibɔ:l] (中高研四六 7896/24975 -1)
Back: n. 排球（运动）
分布：排球(93%)，排球运动(7%)
→volley,投掷，发射，ball,球。该词用来命名排球。
n.排球Balloon, baseball, basketball, football and volleyball all dance ballet on the volcano.气球,棒球,篮球,足球和排球都在火山上跳芭蕾舞.
US ['vɑ:.li.bɑ:l] noun uncountable
■a game in which two teams use their hands to hit a large ball backwards and forwards over a high net without allowing the ball to touch the ground 排球（运动）
n. 排球
 - center forward

Word: grenade
Front: grenade
[grəˈneɪd] (宝 7899/10557 -1)
Back: n. <军>手榴弹; 催泪弹，灭火弹
分布：榴弹(55%)，手榴弹(45%)
→来自pomegranate, 石榴。因其内装小铅弹如同石榴籽而得名。
【记】gren＝green军队的颜色，ade表示进攻性
【参】crusade（n 十字军东侵；改革运动）；tirade（n 长篇激烈演说）fusillade（n 枪炮的齐射）
noun countable
■a small bomb thrown by hand or shot from a gun 手榴弹；枪榴弹
• a hand grenade 手榴弹

Word: regimen
Front: regimen
[ˈredʒɪmən] (托 7909/17435)
Vocabulary: regimen
(once / 3704 pages)
n
A regimen is a systematic plan for some kind of therapy. If your doctor tells you to eat more vegetables, cut out potato chips, exercise, and take vitamins, he is prescribing a regimen for better health.
It's easy to confuse regimen with regime, which means a ruling government. Both words involve things that you follow. If you wash your face twice a day, apply medicine to your acne, and use a special lotion, that's your "skin-care regimen." A skin-care regime would be armed dermatologists taking over the government.
WORD FAMILY
regimen: regimens
USAGE EXAMPLES
A: You might want to add benfotiamine to your regimen.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There are no shortcuts, and if you're not incorporating some sort of weightlifting/strength training into your regimen, you're setting yourself up to fail.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Many would argue that a daily regimen of fresh vegetable juicing is a worthwhile habit to cultivate.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （为病人规定的）生活规则，养生法; 养生之道
分布：养生法(69%)，生活规则(21%)，训练课程(10%)
→来自拉丁语 regere,统治，管理，词源同 regulate.-men,名词后缀。引申词义养生之道，养生法。
【记】regi统治，men人－统治人生活的规则－养生法
['redʒ.ɪ.mən] formal
noun countable
■any set of rules about food and exercise that someone follows, especially in order to improve their health （尤指为了增进健康的）生活规则，养生之道，养生法
• After his heart attack the doctor put him on a strict regimen. 他的心脏病发作后，医生给他制订了严格的生活规则。
n. [医] 养生法；生活规则；政体；支配
 - government, disposal, ruling

Word: coarse
Front: coarse
[kɔ:s] (研四六托雅宝 7903/7031 -2)
Vocabulary: coarse
(once / 255 pages)
adj
Coarse can mean rough to the touch or vulgar. It's good to have coarse sand paper, but not good to have coarse manners.
Do you lick your dinner plate, wipe your nose on your sleeve, and generally behave like an oaf? No, of course not. You're the kind of person who reads online dictionaries. But if you did do any of things, you'd be coarse — that is, unrefined, boorish, and downright vulgar. Coarse can apply to a wide variety of things other than behavior. If something is of poor quality, cheap and inferior, it's considered coarse.
WORD FAMILY
coarse: coarsely, coarsen, coarseness, coarser, coarsest+/coarsen: coarsened, coarsening, coarsens/ coarseness: coarsenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Contains coarse language, nudity, violence and crude humor.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Contains some mature thematic elements and brief coarse language.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The school was a laboratory of progressive educational ideas, with corporal punishment strictly prohibited — even though the students were unruly, noisy and coarse.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗鄙的; 粗糙的; 粗野的; 粗制滥造的
级别：coarser, coarsest
分布：粗糙的(78%)，粗俗的(20%)，非精制的(2%)
→来自course 的拼写变体。原指常规的，普通的，后来词义贬义化。
粗糙的(coarse=course跑过去→粗糙的)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
a.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.
【记】生理course是coarse的
【区】hoarse（adj 嘶哑的）＝horse马说话：嘶哑的
【反】fastidious（adj 过分讲究的）
US [kɔ:rs] adjective
ROUGH 粗糙的
■rough and not smooth or soft, or not in very small pieces 粗糙的；不光滑的；不柔软的；粗大的
• coarse sand/breadcrumbs 粗沙／面包屑
• Linen is a coarse -grained fabric. 亚麻布是一种质地粗糙的布料。
UK [kɔ:s] US [kɔ:rs] adjective
RUDE 粗鲁的
■rude and offensive 粗俗的；粗野的；无礼的
• a coarse joke 粗俗的笑话
• coarse language 粗话
gross, crude, coarse, vulgar
这组词都有“粗鲁的，粗俗的”的意思，其区别是：
gross: 语气强烈，指粗鲁、无礼貌，令人讨厌。
crude: 与vulgar同义，也指言谈举止粗俗，不文雅，缺乏教养。
coarse: 指缺乏教养，言谈粗俗，举止粗野，可与vulgar换用。
vulgar: 侧重指对听者的冒犯，往往强调粗野，言行、趣味不高，缺乏教养。
rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse
这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：
rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude: 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。
harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。
rough: 普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。
coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。
adj. 粗糙的；粗俗的；下等的
 - crude, rough, low, inferior, lower

Word: incumbent
Front: incumbent
[ɪnˈkʌmbənt] (宝 7904/11460 -2)
Vocabulary: incumbent
(once / 913 pages)
1adj 2adjn 3adj
An incumbent is an official who holds an office. If you want to run for congress, you're going to have to beat the incumbent.
Incumbent comes from the Latin word incumbens, which means lying in or leaning on, but came to mean holding a position. It was first used in English for someone holding a church office, and then someone holding any office. You'll most likely hear it today for political officials. In a race for mayor, the incumbent mayor faces a challenger. Incumbent also means obligation. It is incumbent upon you to do the dishes.
WORD FAMILY
incumbent: incumbency, incumbents, superincumbent+/incumbency: incumbencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He decided in 2004 to run for the state Senate, challenging incumbent John Hawkins, who won the race by a narrow margin.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He defeated an ally of the president as well as the incumbent.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“That case was decided by three 4th Circuit judges who were appointees of the incumbent president,” Mr. Nussbaum said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 在职的; 义不容辞的; 靠在[压在]上面的; 弯垂下来的
n. 在职者; 教会中的任职者; 〈英〉教区牧师
分布：在职者(70%)，领圣职的俸禄的牧师(10%)，负有义务的(10%)，凭依的(10%)
→in-,进入，使，在上面，-cumb,躺，词源同incubate,succumb.即躺在上面的，引申词义在任者。
任期者;牧师(in里面+cumb+ent→躺在[官位]上的人→任职者)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
【记】in里面，cumb躺－躺在（职位）里面的人－在职者
【参】encumber（v 阻碍）；recumbent（adj 靠着的；斜躺着的；休息的）
adjective
[before noun]
■officially having the named position 现任的；在职的
• The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office. 现任总统面临着他上任前很多年就已开始出现的种种问题。
[ɪn'kʌm.bənt] adjective
be incumbent on/upon sb formal
■to be necessary for someone （某人）义不容辞；（某人）必须履行
• She felt it incumbent upon/on her to raise the subject at their meeting. 她感到她有义务在他们的会议上提出这个问题。
[ɪn'kʌm.bənt] noun countable
■the person who has or had a particular official position 现任者，在职者
• the first/last/previous incumbent 第一任／上一任／前任
• The present incumbent (of the post) is due to retire next month. （此职位的）现任者将于下个月退休。
adj. [管理] 现任的；依靠的；负有职责的
 - dependent, anaclitic

Word: stature
Front: stature
[ˈstætʃə(r)] (托宝 7893/9618 -1)
Vocabulary: stature
(once / 694 pages)
n
Stature can refer to a person's height or the high level of respect with which she is regarded. Your grandmother might be small in stature, or height, but have great stature, or esteem, in her community.
Stature comes from the Latin word statura, meaning "height, size of body, growth," but today, it also means "a high level of respect gained by achievement." For example, after you win a Nobel Prize, your new stature will bring new fans, more sales of your book, invitations to many exclusive dinner parties, and maybe even your picture on magazine covers all over the world.
WORD FAMILY
stature: statures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harwood is a sixty-six-year-old man of medium stature who speaks with the kind of rural accent that sometimes drops the last letters of words.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The oddity is allowing this nifty little rebuilding project to accelerate and grow in stature.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Connecticut: The Huskies did nothing to tarnish their stature as the best women’s basketball team in the country.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （特指人的）身长，身材; 声望; 发展、成长的状况或高度
分布：身高(88%)，名望(12%)
→来自拉丁语 statura,身高，身长，尺寸，生长状况，来自 stare,站立，词源同 stand,state.
身长;身材(stat+ure)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stat站，ure－身高
【参】statuary（n 雕象）；statuette（n 小雕像）tte结尾表示小
US [-ɚ] noun
REPUTATION 声誉
uncountable
■the good reputation a person or organization has, based on their behaviour and ability 声望；声誉
• an artist of great stature 才高德劭的艺术家
• His stature as an art critic was tremendous. 他作为艺术评论家，享有非常高的声誉。
• If the school continues to gain in stature, it will attract the necessary financial support. 如果学校能继续提高声誉，将会吸引到必要的资金补助。
UK ['stætʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
HEIGHT 高度
countable usually singular slightly formal
■(especially of people) height 高度；（尤指）身高
• His red hair and short stature made him easy to recognize. 他红头发，五短身材，很容易认出来。
n. 身高， [人类] 身材；（精神、道德等的）高度
 - height, shape, altitude

Word: recruiting
Front: recruiting
[riˈkru:tɪŋ] (7894/12026)
Back: v. 招聘( recruit的现在分词 ); 吸收某人为新成员; 动员…（提供帮助）; 雇用
分布：招聘(66%)，新兵(21%)，新成员(12%)，征兵(1%)
VERB
招收；招募；征召
If you recruit people for an organization, you select them and persuade them to join it or work for it.
例：The police are trying to recruit more black and Asian officers...警方正在试图招募更多黑人和亚裔警官。
例：In recruiting students to Computer Systems Engineering, the University looks for evidence of all-round ability...在招收计算机系统工程专业的学生时，这个大学看重的是学生的综合能力。
N-COUNT
新手；新兵；新成员
A recruit is a person who has recently joined an organization or an army.
n. 招聘；招募
 - hands wanted
v. 招募；聘请（recruit的ing形式）
 - soliciting

Word: radioactive
Front: radioactive
[ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv] (高研四六 7890/6732 -2)
Vocabulary: radioactive
(once / 3034 pages)
adj
When an object gives off a certain kind of energy, like the sun or an x-ray machine, it can be described as radioactive.
The adjective radioactive is a scientific term for a particular type of energy-emitting substance or thing. Radioactive energy, or radiation, is made up of active particles or electromagnetic waves. Nuclear waste is radioactive, but so are more ordinary things, like cell phones and the food we eat. The French word for it is radio-actif, which was invented by Pierre and Marie Curie, who combined radiationem, Latin for "a shining" with actif, French for "active."
WORD FAMILY
radioactive: nonradioactive, radioactively, radioactivity+/radioactivity: radioactivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan is to inject the liquid radioactive waste so that it coats the tiny particles that would ultimately be sealed in stainless-steel canisters.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Energy Department is authorizing its contractor to resume the disposal of radioactive waste at the federal government’s underground repository in southern New Mexico.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Department of Energy, was built for the disposal of radioactive refuse generated for decades by the DOE's network of nuclear weapons laboratories and development facilities.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 放射性的
分布：放射性的(100%)
→radio-,辐射的，active,活性的，起作用的。
a.放射性,放射引起的The radiation radius of the radioactive radium radiator in the stadium is variable.放射性的镭暖气装置的辐射半径在体育场是易变的.
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■having or producing the energy which comes from the breaking up of atoms 具有放射性的；有辐射性的
• Uranium is a radioactive material. 铀是一种放射性物质。
• radioactive waste 放射性废料
adj. [核] 放射性的；有辐射的
 - emissive

Word: graph
Front: graph
[græf] (高研四六托雅 26137/4596 -1)
Vocabulary: graph
(once / 5467 pages)
nv
A graph is a visual plotting of the relationship between two or more quantities, like a math map. To graph is to create such a chart.
The noun graph came into use in the 1800s, when people got tired of saying graphic formula and decided to chop it down. A hundred years later, the verb form of graph was first recorded. Diagram and linear representation are two synonyms for the word. The dancer Martha Graham said, “Every dance is a kind of fever chart, a graph of the heart.” Here, she uses graph to say that dance is a visual representation of what’s in the heart.
WORD FAMILY
graph: graphed, graphical, graphing, graphs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did the experiments in the second graph need to be repeated?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He learned “that I wake up in the middle of the night, which showed up on the graph on my phone,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Pie charts and revenue graphs flashed on a big screen.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 图表，曲线图; 词的拼法
vt. 用曲线图表示，把…绘入图表; 用胶版印刷
时态：graphed, graphing, graphs
分布：图表(98%)，示意图(2%)
→来自gerbh, 刮，刻，切，词源同carve,graph. 后指文字，图像。
n.图表,曲线图The photographer put the graph in the paragraph on geographical geometry.摄影师将图表插到论述地理几何学的段落.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related, usually by lines or curves （通常用直线或曲线表示的）图，图表，图解
• This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years. 这幅图显示出在过去20年里犯罪率与失业率的变化关系。
graph, map, chart
这组词都有“地图、图”的意思，其区别是：
graph: 多指用纵横坐标之间关系的曲线表示两个量之间的图表。
map: 指标有国家大小、城市、铁路、河流、山脉、海洋等的地图。
chart: 指航海地图，也指图表。
n. 图表；曲线图
 - chart, diagram

Word: goddamn
Front: goddamn
['gɒd'dæm] (7910/36303)
Back: adj. 该死的，讨厌的; 受诅咒的
分布：该死的(48%)，讨厌的(35%)，受诅咒的(17%)
US [ˌgɑ:d'dæm] exclamation adjective adverb
■used to add emphasis to what is being said （用于强调）该死，讨厌；极其，十足
• Goddamn (it) , how much longer will it take? 该死，这还要再花多长时间？
• Don't drive so goddamn fast! 别他妈的开这么快！
⇒ See also damn
adj. 该死的；讨厌的；受诅咒的
 - evil, rank, unpleasant

Word: outreach
Front: outreach
[ˈaʊtri:tʃ] (7906/21334)
Back: v. 到达顶端，超越
n. 延伸，拓广; 扩大服务范围
adj. 扩大服务的
分布：伸出(30%)，超过(28%)，拓广(21%)，扩大服务(14%)，比 ... 到达更远(7%)
→out-,向外，reach,伸展，够到。引申词义外展服务。
adjective [before noun]
■bringing medical or similar services to people at home or to where they spend time 扩大服务范围的，外展服务的
• an outreach worker/centre 外展服务工作人员／中心
• An AIDS outreach program for prostitutes on the streets. 针对街头妓女的爱滋病外展服务计划
vt. 超越，伸出；超出…的范围
 - extend, top, finger, surpass
vi. 拓广，延伸
 - reach, range
n. 延伸，拓广；扩大服务范围
 - reach, extention

Word: spelling
Front: spelling
[ˈspelɪŋ] (高研四六 7907/5779 -K1)
Back: n. 拼写; 拼法
v. 拼写( spell的现在分词); 意味着
分布：拼写(94%)，拼法(6%)
n.拼法,拼写法Your composition is full of spelling mistakes.你的作文里满是拼写错误.
noun
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■forming words with the correct letters in the correct order, or the ability to do this 拼写；拼写能力
• He's hopeless at spelling. 他的拼写简直糟透了。
• My computer has a program which corrects my spelling. 我的电脑有纠正拼写错误的程式。
• Your essay is full of spelling mistakes/errors. 你的文章里通篇都是拼写错误。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■the way a particular word is spelt 拼法
• This dictionary includes both British and American spellings of words. 本词典兼收单词的英国和美国拼法。
v. 拼写；意味着（spell的ing形式）；迷住
 - beguiling

Word: proceeds
Front: proceeds
[ˈprəʊsi:dz] (托宝 7911/-)
Vocabulary: proceeds
(once / 450 pages)
n
Proceeds are the money brought in from a transaction or event. The money you make from your lemonade stand are the proceeds from lemonade sales.
You'll often hear something like, all proceeds from this raffle will go to help the Save the Puppies Charity. Proceeds can mean either the gross money earned (all that was brought in) or the net (the money left after expenses). If you are very concerned about where the money you donate to charity goes, this is a good question to ask.
WORD FAMILY
proceed: procedure, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds, procession +/ procedural: procedurally/ procedure: procedural, procedures/ procession: processional, processions/processional: processionally, processionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even as the research proceeds, thousands of people are using CBD as medicine.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
If he proceeds with the test, the U.S. should shoot it down.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Proceeds from a so-called revolutionary tax imposed on wood sales was transferred to his personal accounts, prosecutors allege.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. （买卖等的）收入，收益
v. 进行( proceed的第三人称单数 ); 前进; （沿特定路线）行进; （尤指打断后）继续说
分布：收益(99%)，动词proceed的第三人称一般现在时形式.(1%)
→来自proceed,收益，-s,复数后缀。
收入;结果(pro+ceed＋s表复数→向前做事得到的收入)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
【记】pro向前，ceed走，s：天天向前走是为了获得收入
【参】procession（n 行列）；proclaim（v 宣布；显示）pro向前，claim喊
US ['proʊ-] plural noun
■the amount of money received from a particular event or activity or when something is sold （从事某种活动或变卖财物的）收入，收益
• The proceeds of today's festival will go to several local charities. 今天活动的收入将捐给当地的几家慈善机构。
• It says on the back of the card 'all proceeds to charity'. 卡片背面写著「所有收入捐给慈善机构”。
n. [会计] 收入，收益；实收款项
 - earning, yield, receipt

Word: celebrated
Front: celebrated
[ˈselɪbreɪtɪd] (托宝 7905/7079 -2)
Vocabulary: celebrated
(once / 174 pages)
adj
If something is celebrated, it's famous. Your town's celebrated restaurant — the one everybody knows and talks about — might be a modest barbecue joint.
A celebrated writer is an important, well-known one, like Ernest Hemingway or Maya Angelou. In your family, a celebrated figure might be the cousin who visits every summer and tells the best stories. As long as someone is talked about and revered by a group of people, they're celebrated. This adjective comes from the verb celebrate and its Latin root celebrare, "to sing praises of."
WORD FAMILY
celebrate: celebrated, celebrater, celebrates, celebrating, celebration, celebrator, celebratory+/celebrater: celebraters/ celebration: celebrations/celebrator: celebrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lakeside Park, of course, celebrated its new splashpad and other improvements.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“A hero soldier of the caliphate attacked one of the most famous nightclubs, where Christians celebrated their pagan holiday,” the statement read.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fireworks lit up the sky above Seattle Center as thousands of revelers celebrated the start of the new year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有名的，著名的
v. 庆祝，庆贺（“celebrate“的过去式和过去分词）; 主持宗教仪式（尤指圣餐）; 颂扬; 赞美
分布：著名的(92%)，声誉卓著的(4%)，动词celebrate的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
【记】celebrate（v 赞扬）：被赞扬的－知名的
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■famous for some special quality or ability 著名的，闻名的，驰名的
• a celebrated opera singer/city/novel 著名歌剧演唱家／名城／著名小说
Compare notorious
adj. 著名的；有名望的
 - famous, noted, renowned, distinguished, famed

Word: stellar
Front: stellar
[ˈstelə(r)] (托宝 7902/24124)
Vocabulary: stellar
(once / 2941 pages)
adj
Meaning outstanding, wonderful, better than everything else, stellar is a word of praise or excitement. Thomas Edison invented many things, but his stellar achievement might have been the light bulb.
Stellar literally means "like a star." When it comes time for your debut on Broadway, you will sure hope that the reviews say that you delivered a stellar performance. You could also use stellar to talk about actual stars, of course, or you could even blend the two: enjoy the stellar beauty of your beloved under the stellar light of a moonless night.
WORD FAMILY
stellar: interstellar+/interstellar: interstellarly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the occasional stellar year since then, Voyager sank in the large-growth peer group.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“That I miss. It was a stellar location for outdoor entertaining, but I wasn’t around enough to enjoy it.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
We’ve been watching five of her best musical numbers, and paying special attention to the stellar “Good Morning,” from Singin’ in the Rain.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 星的; 星球的; 主要的; 主角的
分布：一流的(51%)，主要的(37%)，和电影明星有关的(12%)
→来自拉丁语 stella,星星，来自 Proto-Italic*sterola,星星，来自 ster,星星，词源同 star.
星的[Stell=star,表示"星星"]
【记】stell星，ar；参：constellation（n 星群；星座）
US [-ɚ] adjective
■of a star or stars 恒星的，星球的
• a stellar explosion 恒星爆炸
• stellar light 星光
■informal
■describes people or their activities that are of an extremely high standard 杰出的，优秀的；精彩的
• a stellar performance/player/team 精彩的演出／优秀的选手／出色的球队
adj. [天] 星的；主要的；星球的
 - primary, major, central, leading, great

Word: baked
Front: baked
[beɪkt] (7908/8795)
Vocabulary: baked
(once / 800 pages)
adj
Something that's baked is cooked in a hot oven. Baked potatoes are especially delicious when they're covered in melted butter.
If you agree to supply baked goods for a school bake sale, it means you've pledged to spend some time mixing batter and dough and then baking the results in an oven. You could eat baked fish for dinner and follow it up with a freshly baked apple pie for dessert. The adjective baked comes from the verb bake, from the Old English root word bacan, "to bake."
WORD FAMILY
bake: baked, baker, bakery, bakes, baking+/ baker: bakers/ bakery: bakeries/baking: bakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intense heat baked the soil, leaving it slick and unable to absorb moisture from a huge thunderstorm that followed two months later.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
If you’ve exhausted your prime rib and double baked potato leftovers, maybe opt for something a little lighter tonight.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As a teenager, Fisher once threw milk in Reynolds’s lap; Reynolds responded by putting baked beans in Fisher’s hair.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 烘烤制作的，[俚语] 喝醉的，酒醉的
v. 烤( bake的过去式和过去分词 ); 烘焙; （将某物）烤硬; （变得）灼热
分布：烤的(80%)，烘焙的(16%)，动词bake的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
VERB
烤，烘（面包、糕饼等）
If you bake, you spend some time preparing and mixing together ingredients to make bread, cakes, pies, or other food which is cooked in the oven.
例：How did you learn to bake cakes?...你怎么学会烘蛋糕的？
例：I love to bake.我喜欢烘烤糕点。
V-ERG
烤；烘；焙
When a cake or bread bakes or when you bake it, it cooks in the oven without any extra liquid or fat.
例：Bake the cake for 35 to 50 minutes...将蛋糕烘35到50分钟。
例：The batter rises as it bakes.烘烤的时候，面糊会膨胀起来。
VERB
受晒；受炙烤
If places or people become extremely hot because the sun is shining very strongly, you can say that they bake .
例：If you closed the windows you baked...如果把窗户关上，你会热死的。
例：Britain bakes in a Mediterranean heatwave.地中海的热浪炙烤着英国。
N-COUNT
（蔬菜或鱼与其他配料切碎拌和后经烘烤的）烤菜
A vegetable or fish bake is a dish that is made by chopping up and mixing together a number of ingredients and cooking them in the oven so that they form a fairly dry solid mass.
例：...an aubergine bake.烤茄子
adj. 烤的；烘焙的
 - roasted, grilled

Word: alignment
Front: alignment
[əˈlaɪnmənt] (六托 7898/8946 -1)
Vocabulary: alignment
(once / 5705 pages)
n
The noun alignment refers to the correct positioning of something. If you check the alignment of your feet when running, you're checking to make sure they're not pointing to either side, but going straight ahead.
Alignment has to do with adjusting something so it's in the right place. If you take your car in for a wheel alignment, the mechanic will make sure the wheels are on straight. Alignment can also mean following directions or being in agreement. Your school has to act in alignment with state education rules. If you and your brother both believe that poodles should be banned in your town, then you are in alignment on the issue of poodles.
WORD FAMILY
alignment: alignments, dealignment, nonalignment+/ align: aligned, aligning, alignment, aligns, misalign, realign /aligned: nonaligned/misalign: misaligned, misalignment/misalignment: misalignments/ realign: realigned, realigning, realigns
USAGE EXAMPLES
The alignment caused Foster to adjust the Tide’s entire play, on the fly.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Considering the alignment of the conference, 42-44 wins should be enough for a playoff spot.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This $99.3 million project involves lowering an existing levee and shore armoring, excavating channels and constructing a new levee alignment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 队列，排成直线; 结盟; 校直，调整; [工]准线
分布：调整(59%)，结盟(25%)，准线(10%)，调整成直线(3%)，直线性(3%)
→align,对齐，-ment,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
noun
POSITION 位置
uncountable
■when two or more things are positioned in a straight line or parallel to each other 列队，排列整齐
• The problem is happening because the wheels are out of alignment with each other. 出现这个问题是因为车轮定位不正。
[ə'laɪn.mənt] noun
AGREEMENT 协定
countable
■an agreement between a group of countries, political parties or people who want to work together because of shared interests or aims 结盟，联盟；联合
• New alignments are being formed within the business community. 在商界，新的联盟关系正逐渐形成。
n. 队列，成直线；校准；结盟
 - standardization, regulation, calibration, rank

Word: catalyst
Front: catalyst
[ˈkætəlɪst] (六托雅宝 7915/8852 -1)
Vocabulary: catalyst
(once / 6417 pages)
n
A catalyst is an event or person causing a change. Getting kicked out of your parents' house might be a catalyst for becoming more independent.
The noun catalyst is something or someone that causes a change and is derived from a Greek word. It can be somewhat ordinary, like a hot day being a catalyst for getting your hair cut really short. Or it can be major, like how the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is said to be a catalyst of World War I.
WORD FAMILY
catalyst: catalysts
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But our approach to transportation innovation is that we want to be a catalyst for new and interesting technologies.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Haber discovered that was necessary as a catalyst to break the bonds between air's nitrogen atoms and persuade them to bond with hydrogen instead.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Former Hull Labour MP, Lord Prescott, said he hoped the event would be a catalyst for change in Hull.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. <化>触媒，催化剂; 〈比喻〉触发因素; 促进因素; 〈口〉有感染力的人
分布：催化剂(98%)，刺激因素(2%)
→来自catalyse，催化。
催化剂(cata向下+lyst→分解下去→催化[剂])[lys,lyst=breakbown,表示"裂开,分解"]
【记】cata下面，lyst＝least少－沉淀到下面，量很小的东西－催化剂
【参】catalysis（n 催化作用）；catalytic（adj 催化的）
【反】inhibitor（n 抑制剂）；catalyze（vt 催化）－retard（vt 延迟；使减速）/prevent（v 防止；预防）
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable specialized
■something that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly without itself being changed 催化剂
■an event or person that causes great change 促成变化的人；引发变化的因素
• The high suicide rate acted as a catalyst for change in the prison system. 高自杀率促成了监狱制度的改革。
n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素
 - fuel, activator

Word: fetus
Front: fetus
['fi:təs] (宝 7914/28568)
Vocabulary: fetus
(once / 4856 pages)
n
A fetus is a mammal before it's born. Once upon a time, you started as an embryo, matured into a fetus, and were then thrust into the world as a newborn.
Fetus is a Latin word that means "the bearing, bringing forth, or hatching of young." Even though the Latin points to a fetus "hatching," contemporary science only regards viviparous vertebrates as having fetuses. In other words, if an animal has a backbone and was delivered via live birth, it was once a fetus. If a kitten has claws, whiskers, and ears, but is still inside its mother's womb, it's a fetus. In the UK, fetus is spelled foetus.
WORD FAMILY
fetus: fetuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bills OK’d Wednesday bar physicians and their associates from knowingly benefiting financially from or being compensated for an embryo, fetus or neonate.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The mosquito-borne Zika virus exploded in Brazil, where it was found to cause birth defects in the fetuses of infected women, especially microcephaly.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
A nearby site also contained remains of human cadavers and stillborn fetuses used in medical classes.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 胎，胎儿
分布：胎(54%)，胎儿(46%)
→来自fe, 吮吸，吸奶，词源同female, filial. 用来指胎儿。
【记】fet原指胎儿，因为胎儿的头先出来，只有当feet出来是才是真正的us。胎儿在妈妈肚子里的时候总是用feet踢us
【参】fetology（n 胎儿学）；feticide（n 非法堕胎）
US [-tˌəs] noun countable US for foetus
n. 胎儿，胎
 - foetus, homunculi

Word: extremist
Front: extremist
[ɪkˈstri:mɪst] (宝 7916/12649 -2)
Vocabulary: extremist
(once / 1993 pages)
nadj
Nowadays, we tend to associate the word extremist with "terrorist," and use the two words almost interchangeably to define someone who holds radical political or religious views.
An extremist can hold views on any subject: if you believe all little brothers should be banned from their siblings' rooms, or that anyone who roots for a different baseball team should be quarantined, then you, my friend, are an extremist. What tends to unite all extremists is their willingness to act, often violently, to realize their beliefs. Little brothers, watch out.
WORD FAMILY
extremist: extremists+/ extreme: extremely, extremeness, extremes, extremest, extremism, extremity /extremeness: extremenesses/ extremism: extremisms, extremist / extremity: extremities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his telling, Trump is a political centrist who is misconstrued as an extremist.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A statement reminded U.S. citizens that extremists “are continuing aggressive efforts to conduct attacks in areas where U.S. citizens and expatriates reside or frequent.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Previously, the extremist organization struck Istanbul’s biggest airport, killing more than 40 people in June during an attack waged with bombs and firearms.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 极端主义者，偏激的人
adj. 极端主义的，过激论的
分布：极端主义者(46%)，极端的(28%)，过激分子(26%)
→来自extreme, 极度的，极端的。
noun countable
■someone who has beliefs which most people think are unreasonable and unacceptable 偏激者；极端主义者
• a group of extremists (= people with extreme opinions) 一群极端分子
n. 极端主义者，过激分子
 - ultra

Word: contour
Front: contour
[ˈkɒntʊə(r)] (托 7917/8799 -1)
Vocabulary: contour
(once / 2010 pages)
nv
Contour is the outline or shape of something. A shoe that fits well along the contours or shape of your foot is a good fit.
Contour comes from the Italian contorno meaning "to draw a line," which is precisely what you are doing when you trace the contour of something. A road that contours a mountain follows along its edge and a mattress that contours to your body, adjusts to your shape. You might buy the kind of shoes that are designed to contour or mold to the shape of your feet over time, in which case you'll have to break them in.
WORD FAMILY
contour: contoured, contouring, contours
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it performs its tasks, checking balances and searching transactions, it uses machine-learning algorithms to acquaint itself with the contours of typical requests.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
They are seen in nature in the branching of trees and rivers, and in the craggy contours of coastlines.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
These memes demonstrate the power of a good contour.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 外形，轮廓; （地图上表示相同海拔各点的）等高线; 概要; 电路
vt. 画轮廓（等高线）
adj. 显示轮廓的
时态：contoured, contouring, contours
分布：轮廓(75%)，等高线(20%)，周线(2%)，电路(1%)，概要(1%)，显示轮廓的(1%)
→con-, 强调。-tour, 转，词源同turn, tourism.
轮廊(con全部+tour→全部转一圈→轮廊)[tour,torn,tourn=turn,表示"转,环绕"]
US ['kɑ:n.tʊr] noun countable
■the shape of a mass of land or other object, especially its surface or the shape formed by its outer edge 轮廓；外形；曲线
• the rugged contour of the coast 蜿蜒曲折的海岸线
• He studied the contours of her face. 他仔细端详她的面部轮廓。
• Her latest collection of swimwear shows off the contours of the human body to perfection. 她的最新系列泳装衬托出了人体曲线的完美。
■(also contour line) specialized
■a line on a map that joins points of equal height or depth, in a way that shows high and low areas of land （地图上的）等高线
• a 400 ft contour line 400英尺等高线
• This map has contours marked at 250m intervals. 这张地图示有等高距为250米的等高线。
n. 轮廓； [气象] 等高线； [数] 周线；电路；概要
 - profile, brief

Word: whine
Front: whine
[waɪn] (宝 7913/12684 -1)
Vocabulary: whine
(once / 813 pages)
nv
When you whine, you complain in a pitiful, annoying way. Your younger sister will whine if your piece of cake is bigger than hers.
Whine is both a noun and a verb. The verb means "to complain bitterly." Kids tend to cry or even yell when they whine, though most adults settle for constant griping and an unwillingness to let it go already. "Poor me" and "It isn't fair" — these are common whines. Whine can describe a high-pitched, screeching noise, like the squeak made by an old, broken machine.
WORD FAMILY
whine: whined, whiner, whines, whiney, whining, whiny+/whiner: whiners
USAGE EXAMPLES
And most important, stop whining, particularly about the fact that Trump did not win the popular vote.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But Michael’s probing the perks and challenges of celebrity, its sheen and the ways in which it redefines life, was more than simple whining.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet, many of you -- nominally well-educated NYT readers -- believe the race problem in this country is over and that blacks "need to stop whining."
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出哀叫声; 哼哼唧唧地说; 发呜呜声
vt. 哀诉，诉怨
n. 哀鸣; 悲嗥声; 牢骚，抱怨
时态：whined, whining, whines
分布：抱怨(43%)，牢骚(25%)，发牢骚(18%)，哭诉(9%)，闹声(5%)
→拟声词。
【记】读：why？在哀号的时候总是说way？为什么才考了240分？
verb intransitive
■to make a long, high, sad sound 发出哀鸣；发出哀叫声
• Leon's dog was sitting by the door whining, so I thought I'd better take it for a walk. 利昂的狗蹲在门口呜呜直叫，所以我觉得最好带它散散步。
■disapproving
■If you whine, especially as a child, you complain or express disappointment or unhappiness repeatedly （尤指小孩）不停地嘀咕，哼哼唧唧
• Alice, if you carry on whining like that I won't take you - do you understand! 爱丽斯，如果你继续那样嘀嘀咕咕，我就不带你了——明白了吧！
[waɪn] noun countable usually singular
■an unpleasant high sound or voice 刺耳的尖声
• the whine of a circular saw 圆锯刺耳的尖声
• She delivered the speech in a high-pitched nasal whine. 她演讲时声音尖锐刺耳，鼻音很重。
vi. 发牢骚；哭诉；嘎嘎响；发呜呜声
 - complain, pinge
n. 抱怨；牢骚；哀鸣
 - complaint, beef

Word: perpetrator
Front: perpetrator
[ˈpɜ:pətreɪtə(r)] (7912/14243)
Vocabulary: perpetrator
(once / 3379 pages)
n
A perpetrator is someone who has committed a crime — or at least done something pretty bad. You've probably seen cops on TV trying to get a description of the perpetrator of a bank heist.
The word perpetrator is so often associated with crime that police officers and other criminal justice types sometimes abbreviate it “perp.” A perpetrator is often a suspect until it has been proven that he or she carried out the offense. The word usually describes someone who's committed a crime, but any wrongdoing will do. If someone took Uncle Bob's cake and a trail of crumbs leads to your bedroom, your mom will know who the likely perpetrator is.
WORD FAMILY
perpetrator: perpetrators+/ perpetrate: perpetrated, perpetrates, perpetrating, perpetration, perpetrator /perpetration: perpetrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also called pneumococcus, this pathogen is the most common perpetrator of community-acquired pneumonia, which is pneumonia that people get outside hospitals and nursing homes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He was referring to Afghanistan, which he viewed as a just war to hunt down the perpetrators of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In another, we told them the perpetrator was a citizen of their own country or of a different one.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 做坏事者; 犯罪者; 加害者; 行凶者
分布：作恶之人(100%)
→来自perpetrate,犯罪，作恶。
US ['pɝ:.pə.treɪ.tˌɚ] (US old-fashioned slang perp) formal
noun countable
■someone who has committed a crime, or a violent or harmful act 犯罪者；行凶者；作恶者
• The perpetrators of the massacre must be brought to justice as war criminals. 大屠杀的参与者必须被当作战犯绳之以法。
n. 犯罪者；作恶者；行凶者
 - criminal offender, malefactor

Word: ordinance
Front: ordinance
[ˈɔ:dɪnəns] (托宝 7919/19567 -1)
Vocabulary: ordinance
(once / 642 pages)
1n 2n
An ordinance is a local law. Many cities have recently passed ordinances making it illegal to smoke indoors or mandatory for pet owners to curb their dogs.
Ordinance can also mean the act of making someone a priest. In both senses, it means a direction or command coming down from a higher authority or an official conference. If you break an ordinance, you'll likely be fined rather than jailed. Remember that an ordinance is a rule meant to keep things in order.
WORD FAMILY
ordinance: ordinances+/foreordain: foreordained, foreordaining, foreordains, foreordination/ ordain: foreordain, ordained, ordainer, ordaining, ordains, ordinance, ordination, preordain / ordained: ordainedly/ordainer: ordainers/ ordination: ordinations/ preordain: preordained, preordaining, preordains, preordination
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ordinance adjusts the city’s transportation plan, among other changes.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The city’s new ordinance allows lockers in the central Downtown, all mixed-use, commercial and employment districts, and two other zoning districts.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Not to be outdone, the city council in Knoxville, Tenn., voted this fall to repeal an ordinance keeping bars at least 300 feet from churches.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <正>条例，法令; 传统的风俗习惯; [宗]仪式，（尤指）圣餐式
分布：条例(60%)，法令(40%)
→来自拉丁语ordinare,安排，布置，指定，词源同order.引申词义命令，法令，条例等。
训令,法令(ardin+ance→命令[状态]→法令)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
US ['ɔ:r.dən.ənts] formal
noun countable
■a law or rule made by a government or authority 法令；法规；条令，条例
• City Ordinance 126 forbids car parking in this area. 《市政条例》第126条禁止在该地区停放车辆。
n. [管理] 条例； [法] 法令；圣餐礼
 - act, byelaw

Word: wardrobe
Front: wardrobe
[ˈwɔ:drəʊb] (研六雅宝 7918/5424 -2)
Vocabulary: wardrobe
(once / 976 pages)
n
All of the clothes in your closet make up your wardrobe. If you're tired of your wardrobe, it just might be time to go shopping.
From the words warder, meaning “to protect”, and robe, meaning a “piece of clothing,” wardrobe originally meant an entire room where a person's clothing was stored. Nowadays, most people don’t have an entire room for their clothes, so the word wardrobe has downsized to just a large cabinet, or the clothing itself. A wardrobe can also be the costumes (or the costume department) of a theater company or movie.
WORD FAMILY
wardrobe: wardrobes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon, Macintosh’s fabric became a staple in the wardrobe of every denizen of a soggy environment.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
The most helpful thing for me was a wardrobe assistant who’d lost a child and was kind enough to share her journey with me.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Growing up, Reynolds was a natural mimic, often performing for classmates to compensate for the embarrassment she felt over her spare wardrobe.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 衣柜，衣橱; 藏衣室; （个人，戏团的）全部服装; 行头
分布：全部服装(100%)
→ward,看管，保护，robe,衣服。引申词义衣柜。
n.衣柜,衣厨;衣服;行头;剧装She has a large wardrobe.她有个大衣柜.
【记】ward（n 病房），robe（n 长袍）：病人放长袍的地方－衣橱
【区】warehouse（n 仓库）
US ['wɔ:r.droʊb] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes, or all of the clothes that a person owns 衣橱，衣柜；（某人的）全部衣服
• She was showing me her new built-in / UKfitted wardrobes. 她正在带我看她新做的嵌入式衣柜。
• I sometimes feel that my summer wardrobe is rather lacking (= I don't have many clothes for summer). 有时候我觉得自己夏天的衣服真是太少了。
uncountable
■a department in a theatre, film company, etc. that is in charge of the clothes that the actors wear on stage, making certain that they are clean, repairing them and sometimes making them （剧院等的）服装保管部，戏服部
• He's in charge of wardrobe at the local amateur theatre. 他是当地业余剧院戏服部的负责人。
n. 衣柜；行头；全部戏装
 - bureau, chest of drawers

Word: gulf
Front: gulf
[gʌlf] (研四六托 6929/3162)
Vocabulary: gulf
(once / 178 pages)
n
Deep, wide and often filled with water, a gulf is any vast and seemingly unbridgeable area.
You've probably heard of the Gulf of Mexico, that large body of water that's partly surrounded by land. But a gulf doesn't have to be all about the ocean. If two people have vastly different cultures or opinions, you could say that there's a gulf between them — a large divide that neither side is willing or able to cross.
WORD FAMILY
gulf: engulf, gulfs+/ engulf: engulfed, engulfing, engulfs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though rivers along the Gulf Coast were rising rapidly Monday, only minor flooding was predicted.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He’d like to see a beefed-up air and naval presence in the Persian Gulf to thwart Iran.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was the second episode of heavy rain within days for some areas, especially along the Gulf Coast.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 海湾; 分歧; 波斯湾; （地面的）裂口
vt. 吞没; 卷进
分布：海湾(87%)，鸿沟(10%)，吞没(3%)
→词源同whelm, 淹没。用来指海湾。
n.海湾Regretfully, we can't regulate the irregular liner on the gulf.遗憾的是我们不能调整海湾上不定期的班船.
noun
AREA 地区
 ADVANCED countable
■a very large area of sea surrounded on three sides by a coast 海湾
• the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾
the Gulf only singular
■the Persian Gulf and the countries around it 波斯湾；波斯湾各国；海湾国家
• The Gulf states include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. 海湾国家包括伊朗、伊拉克、沙乌地阿拉伯、科威特、巴林、阿曼、卡塔尔以及阿拉伯联合酋长国。
countable formal
■a very large deep hole in the ground （地面的）裂口，深坑，深渊
[gʌlf] noun
DIFFERENCE 不同
countable usually singular
■an important difference between the ideas, opinions, or situations of two groups of people 不可逾越的鸿沟；巨大的差距；隔阂
• There is a widening gulf between the middle classes and the poorest sections of society. 中产阶级和社会最贫困阶层之间的贫富差距在日益加大。
• It is hoped that the peace plan will bridge the gulf (= reduce the very large difference) between the government and the rebels. 人们希望和平计划能够缩小政府和叛乱分子之间的分歧。
bay, gulf
这两个名词均有“海湾”之意。
bay: 指海岸线上一大块凹入的地方，是港口的所在地。
gulf: 一般比bay大，但比sea小。指大片深入到陆地中，由海岸围绕成半圆形的海水区域。
n. [地理] 海湾；深渊；分歧；漩涡
 - bay, deep, variance
vt. 吞没
 - engulf, swallow

Word: grease
Front: grease
[gri:s] (研六托雅宝 7921/9823 -1)
Back: n. 动物油脂; 油膏，润滑油; 〈俚〉贿赂
vt. 涂油脂于，用油脂润滑; 贿赂
时态：greased, greasing, greases
分布：油脂(84%)，贿赂(7%)，上油(7%)，用油脂涂(2%)
→来自拉丁语crassus, 油脂，脂肪，词源同crass.
n.动物脂,油脂,润滑脂v.抹油,润滑After a decrease, the price of the grease increases increasingly.下跌过一次之后,润滑脂的价格日益上涨.
【记】gr＝grow，ease（n 安心；不费力vt 使悠闲）变得不费力－上了润滑油
noun uncountable
■animal or vegetable fat that is soft after melting, or more generally, any thick oily substance 油，油脂；油腻状物
• The dinner plates were thick with grease. 餐盘上厚厚一层油
• You'll have to put some grease on those ball bearings. 你要往滚珠轴承上涂些油。
[gri:s] verb transitive
■to put fat or oil on something 用油脂涂；给…加润滑油
• Grease the tins well before adding the cake mixture. 在烤盘里面涂好油脂，然后再把蛋糕混合料加进去。
[gri:s] verb transitive
grease sb's palm disapproving
■to secretly give someone money in order to persuade them to do something for you 向（某人）行贿；收买
[gri:s] verb transitive
like greased lightning
■very fast 闪电似的；飞快地
• As soon as I mentioned work, he was out of the door like greased lightning! 我刚一提到工作的事，他就一溜烟似的跑出去了！
fat, grease, oil
这组词都有“油”的意思，其区别是：
fat: 多指动物性脂肪，常为固态。
grease: 通常指经加热变柔软的油脂。
oil: 泛指植物、动物和矿物性液体油。
vt. 涂脂于；贿赂
 - tamper with, buy over
n. 油脂；贿赂
 - lipid, fix

Word: hawk
Front: hawk
[hɔ:k] (高研四六雅宝 7924/9990 -2)
Vocabulary: hawk
(once / 363 pages)
1nv 2n 3v 4v
A hawk is a relatively large bird that hunts small animals. Hawks tend to surprise their prey, swooping down on it from above.
Among birds of prey, hawks are medium-sized, with long tails and curved wings. Hawks use their high intelligence and sharp eyes for hunting smaller birds and mammals. You can also use the word hawk to mean a pro-war politician or political advisor, a term that's often contrasted with "dove," someone who almost always opposes war. This metaphorical hawk has been around since the 1960s.
WORD FAMILY
hawk: hawked, hawker, hawking, hawkish, hawks+/hawker: hawkers/hawking: hawkings/ hawkish: hawkishly, hawkishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the week our uniform allegiance to the Hawks is noteworthy.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Black Hawk County Gaming Association this past year awarded a $41,800 building improvement grant for the center.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hawks: F Mike Scott was assigned to the Long Island Nets of the NBA Development League, his third D-League assignment of the season.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 霍克; 鹰; 鹰派人物，主战派; 掠夺别人的人，骗子
vt. 通过叫卖主动兜售（货物）; 清除嗓子中的（痰）
vi. 清嗓，咳痰; 用训练好的鹰狩猎; 象鹰一样俯冲攻击; 叫卖
时态：hawked, hawking, hawks
分布：鹰(85%)，清嗓(5%)，沿街叫卖(4%)，放鹰行猎(2%)，鹰派人物、主战分子(1%)，贪婪的人(1%)，鹰扑(1%)，散布(1%)
→来自中古英语havek,来自kap,抓住，词源同have,heave,capable.后用于指猛禽鹰或隼。
n.鹰,隼The lawyer's son-in-law likes hawk's claws and jaws.律师的女婿喜欢鹰爪和下颌.
【记】读：好客－好客的小贩才会叫卖
【参】falcon（n 猎鹰）fall下来就can吃到东西aquiline（adj 鹰的；象鹰的）一去一条线
US [hɑ:k] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a type of large bird which catches small birds and animals for food 鹰
UK [hɔ:k] US [hɑ:k] noun countable
PERSON 人
■a person who strongly supports the use of force in political relationships rather than discussion or other more peaceful solutions （主张采取强硬政治路线的）鹰派人物 Compare dove
UK [hɔ:k] US [hɑ:k] verb transitive
■to sell goods informally in public places 沿街兜售，叫卖
• On every street corner there were traders hawking their wares. 每个街角都有商贩在兜售商品。
vt. 兜售，沿街叫卖；捕捉；咳出
 - tout, cough up
vi. 清嗓；咳嗽；像鹰一般地袭击
 - have a cough
n. [鸟] 鹰；鹰派成员；掠夺他人的人
 - eagle

Word: imaginative
Front: imaginative
[ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv] (研六托雅 7925/5653 -2)
Vocabulary: imaginative
(once / 689 pages)
adj
To be imaginative is to be inventive and original. If you enjoy coming up with stories, writing songs, or just thinking about things in new ways, you’re an imaginative person.
Great painters, musicians, and writers are imaginative. However, being imaginative isn’t just limited to the arts. When you're imaginative, you can develop a unique solution to a problem or issue. For example, an imaginative engineer might develop a new, more efficient way to construct a bridge. An idea or object that’s fresh and original — like that bridge the engineer designed — can also be described as imaginative.
WORD FAMILY
imaginative: imaginatively, imaginativeness, unimaginative+/ imaginable: imaginably, unimaginable/ imagination: imaginations/ imagine: imaginable, imagination, imaginative, imagined, imagining/unimaginable: unimaginably/unimaginative: unimaginatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the master short story writer, a long-awaited first novel, an imaginative tale featuring our 16th president.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Thanks to an abundance of major-league album releases in 2016, and some genuine coups by bookers, however, an imaginative summer season is on the horizon.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“It means I’m imaginative, intuitive about ideas, visionary, enjoys the unusual and learns by experimenting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 富于想像力的，运用想像力的; 想象或创造出来的; 沉溺于想象的; 虚假的
分布：富于想象力的(100%)
富于想象的(imagine+ative)[imag,imit=imagine,lkeness,表示"想象,相象"]
a.富有想象力的,爱想象的It's just an imaginative story.这只是个虚构的故事.
【区】imaginary（adj 假想的；虚构的）
【反】reportorial（adj 记者的；纪实的）；pedestrian（adj 徒步的；陈腐的）
US [-tˌɪv] approving
adjective
■new, original and clever 新颖的，独创的
• an imaginative new approach/policy 有创意的新方法／政策
• The architects have made imaginative use of glass and transparent plastic. 建筑师别出心裁地使用了玻璃和透明塑胶。
■good at producing ideas or things that are unusual, clever or showing skill in inventing 想像力丰富的，有创意的
• an imaginative designer 想像力丰富的设计师
imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
这些词都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginable: 可以想象得到的。如：This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)
imaginary: 假想的，虚构的。如：an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)
imaginative: 富于想象力力的。如：an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家)
creative, original, imaginative
这组词都有“有创造力的”的意思，其区别是：
creative: 侧重指具有把本来不存在的事物创造出来的能力。
original: 强调具有与众不同，有独到之处的创造能力。
imaginative: 指想象大异于现实，近乎或等于虚构。强调富有幻想能力。
adj. 虚构的；富于想像的；有创造力的
 - fictitious, figmentary

Word: Episcopal

Word: aviation
Front: aviation
[ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn] (研四六托雅 7923/5895 -2)
Vocabulary: aviation
(once / 1176 pages)
n
If it has to do with flying or operating a plane, it has to do with aviation. If someone tells you that he's in aviation school, that means he is learning how to fly a plane.
Aviation comes from the Latin avis meaning "bird," an appropriate translation given that aviation deals with travel by air, specifically in a plane. The aviation industry is the business sector dedicated to manufacturing and operating all types of aircraft. Air traffic controllers, when they are awake, are concerned with aviation safety.
WORD FAMILY
aviate: aviated, aviating, aviation, aviator +/ aviator: aviators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration is testing various counter-drone technologies at several airports.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The investigation panel included representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration, the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Air Force, the Federal Aviation Administration and industry experts — found “buckles,” or valleys, in the vessels’ inner liners.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 航空; 飞行术，航空学; 飞机制造业; [集合词]飞机
分布：航空(97%)，飞机制造业(3%)
→来自词根av, 鸟。
飞行;航空学(avi+ator人→像鸟一样的人→飞行员)[av,avar,avi=desire,bird,表示"渴望,鸟"]
n.航空,航空学;飞机制造业Deviation in aviation is dangerous. Writing is alleviated via bias on abbreviation.在航空过程中的不符合是危险的.写被关于缩写通过偏见减轻.
noun uncountable
■the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing and keeping them in good condition 航空（学）；飞行（术）；航空工业
• the British Civil Aviation Authority 英国民航局
• the US Federal Aviation Administration 美国联邦航空管理局
• aviation fuel 航空燃料
n. [航] 航空；飞行术；飞机制造业
 - avigation, airmanship

Word: doctoral
Front: doctoral
[ˈdɒktərəl] (7920/24041)
Back: adj. 博士的
分布：博士的(100%)
博士的;权威的(doctor+al)[doc,doct=toteach,表示"教"]
ADJ
博士的;博士学位的
A doctoral thesis or piece of research is written or done in order to obtain a doctor's degree.

Word: pathetic
Front: pathetic
[pəˈθetɪk] (研六雅宝 7927/6913 -2)
Vocabulary: pathetic
(once / 440 pages)
adj
Something pathetic inspires pity and contempt. If your backhand is pathetic, you probably shouldn't try out for the tennis team.
These days, when you see the word pathetic, it's pretty clear that it's no compliment. This is an insulting word for things that are so bad they bum you out. A sports team losing ten games in a row is pathetic. Someone who constantly lies, even though the lies are obvious, is pathetic. Trying to dunk a basketball and missing by three feet is pathetic. When something is astoundingly lame or awful, people love to say, "Wow. How pathetic."
WORD FAMILY
pathetic: pathetically+/ pathos: pathetic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Explainers are very sure of this, nodding in unison while smiling in bemusement at the pathetic delusions of the Trump people.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Ms. Fisher characterizes her memoir as just one more “pathetic bid” for the attention she did not receive as a young child.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Sir Malcolm argued that the level of Gaelic broadcasting at the time was "pathetic".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人同情的，可怜的; 又笨又可怜的，无价值的; 荡气回肠
分布：可怜的(73%)，悲哀的(12%)，感伤的(9%)，不足的(6%)
→来自拉丁语patheticus,来自希腊语pathein,忍受，遭受，词源同passion,pathos.引申词义同感的，同悲的，令人同情的，后用于指可怜的，可悲的。
可怜的;动情的(path+exit→动感情的)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
引起怜悯的(path感情+etic)[-etic表形容词"属于…的"]
a.可怜的,悲惨的It was pathetic to watch her condition deteriorate.看着她的健康状况恶化真是可怜.
US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
SAD 悲伤的
■causing feelings of sadness, sympathy or sometimes lack of respect, especially because a person or an animal is suffering 令人怜悯的，可怜的
• The refugees were a pathetic sight - starving, frightened and cold. 难民看起来实在可怜——饥寒交迫，担心受怕。
• After the accident he became a pathetic figure , a shadow of his former self. 意外后他成了一个可怜人，与之前判若两人。
⇒ See also pathos
UK [pə'θet.ɪk] US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
UNSUCCESSFUL 不成功的 disapproving
■making someone feel no respect, often because unsuccessful or showing no ability, effort or bravery 无用的；差劲的；懦弱的
• a pathetic attempt/joke/excuse 不成功的尝试／差劲的笑话／蹩脚的借口
• Are you telling me you're frightened to speak to her? Don't be so pathetic! 你是说你不敢跟她说话吗？别太窝囊了！
adj. 可怜的，悲哀的；感伤的；乏味的
 - poor, sad, melting, stupid

Word: mercury

Word: decay
Front: decay
[dɪˈkeɪ] (研四六托雅 7931/6007 -K2)
Vocabulary: decay
(once / 303 pages)
nv
To decay means to rot, decompose, break down. Our bodies—anything organic—will decay after death. Broken sidewalks, potholes, graffiti are all signs of urban decay. Tooth decay is something to avoid.
Decay can also mean decline. Anyone, even a great athlete, must exercise regularly to maintain muscle tone—as soon as you stop, the muscles begin to decay. If the strength of the cable signal coming into your house grows weaker over time, you can complain that it has decayed.
WORD FAMILY
decay: decayable, decayed, decaying, decays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will we just continue to complain while failing to recognize the slow decay of our fine state?
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the time, she was commuting every week to San Francisco to work on Urban Decay.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He mesmerized on the court, his game showing no signs of decay in his 14th season.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）腐烂，腐朽
vi. 衰败，衰退，衰落
n. 腐败、衰退的状态
时态：decayed, decaying, decays
分布：腐烂(63%)，衰退(27%)，腐败(10%)
→de-, 向下。-cay, 同-cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 引申义腐烂。
衰退;腐败(de向下＋cay=落下→向下掉→衰退)[cad,cas,cid=fall,表示"落下,降临"]
v./n.腐朽,腐烂;衰减,衰退The academic topic is why the blade of the spade is still sharp after decades' decay.学术话题是为什么铁锨刃口经过几十年的腐烂之后仍然锋利.
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to (cause something to) become gradually damaged, worse or less 腐蚀；（使）衰败，（使）衰弱
• Sugar makes your teeth decay. 糖能引起蛀牙。
• The role of the extended family has been decaying for some time. 大家庭的作用开始减弱已经有一段时间了。
• Pollution has decayed the surface of the stonework on the front of the cathedral. 大教堂前部的石刻表面已经因为污染受到了侵蚀。
• the smell of decaying meat 腐肉气味
[dɪ'keɪ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when something decays 腐蚀；衰败，衰弱
• environmental/industrial/moral/urban decay 环境恶化／工业衰退／道德堕落／城市衰落
• dental/tooth decay 蛀牙
• The buildings had started to fall into decay. 那些建筑已经开始败坏了。
• This industry has been in decay for some time. 这行业早就开始息微了。
rot, decompose, decay
这组词都有“烂、腐烂”的意思，其区别是：
rot: 指蔬菜水果或肉类的分解、腐烂。
decompose: 侧重指动物或植物类物体由于内部组织的分解而导致的腐烂过程。
decay: 通常指由良好或完美的状态自然而缓慢地变坏或完全变坏腐烂，或部分地毁坏。
vi. 衰退， [核] 衰减；腐烂， [木] 腐朽
 - fail, flag
n. 衰退， [核] 衰减；腐烂， [木] 腐朽
 - recession, downturn, decline, decomposition
vt. 使腐烂，使腐败；使衰退，使衰落
 - corrupt, septicize

Word: silhouette
Front: silhouette
[ˌsɪluˈet] (7932/11637 -1)
Vocabulary: silhouette
(once / 2026 pages)
nv
A silhouette is dark shadow, like a silhouette of a person standing under a street lamp, or a drawing that shows only the shape of an object.
A silhouette, pronounced "sil-ooh-ET," can be mysterious. After all, you can only see the shape of the person or object. So, it's fitting that the word's origin is a little mysterious, too. It was coined for Etienne de Silhouette, a French finance minister. One theory is that Silhouette decorated his chateau with the kind of dark outline drawings that now bear his name.
WORD FAMILY
silhouette: silhouetted, silhouettes, silhouetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
People are either concealed in shadow or seen at some distance, as lonely silhouettes in a big, uncaring land.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Enrollees receive large signs emblazoned with the program’s logo - a silhouette of a saluting soldier.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His “Arbor Series,” at Cross MacKenzie Gallery, includes views of silhouetted pines, their branches and needles often divided among multiple frames.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 轮廓，剪影; （人的）体形; （事物的）形状
vt. 使呈现影子; 使呈现轮廓
时态：silhouetted, silhouetting, silhouettes
分布：轮廓(71%)，侧影(19%)，影子(8%)，使某物现出轮廓或呈黑色轮廓像(2%)
→来自 18 世纪欧洲七年战争时期的法国财务部长 Etienne de Silhouette,因在战争时期实施紧缩 的财政政策而遭到过惯了奢靡生活的其它贵族的愤恨，因而引申该词义。同时，也有另一种 观点认为是因该财务部长用类似剪影图片装饰自家城堡而得名。
noun countable or uncountable
■a dark shape seen against a light surface 剪影；逆光黑影；轮廓
• The silhouette of the bare tree on the hill was clear against the winter sky. 在冬日天空的映衬下，山上光秃秃的树影清晰可见。
n. 轮廓，剪影
 - profile, outline, contour

Word: struggling
Front: struggling
['strʌglɪŋ] (7929/11378)
Back: adj. 奋斗的，努力的，苦斗的
v. 搏斗( struggle的现在分词 ); 奋斗; 努力; 争取
分布：斗争的(44%)，努力的(42%)，动词struggle的现在分词.(14%)
adjective
■unsuccessful but trying hard to succeed 艰难奋斗的；苦苦挣扎的
• It's the story of a struggling artist who marries a rich woman. 这个故事讲的是一个苦苦挣扎的艺术家娶了个有钱女人。
adj. 奋斗的；努力的；苦斗的
 - hard, pushing, arduous
v. 努力；斗争；竞争（struggle的ing形式）
 - striving

Word: conserve
Front: conserve
[kənˈsɜ:v] (研四六托雅宝 7938/7632 -2)
Vocabulary: conserve
(once / 683 pages)
1v 2vn
To conserve is to save or protect something, like money, or your energy on a long run. People are also encouraged to conserve energy by turning off lights and not cranking the air conditioner.
Conserve is from the Latin for "to keep, preserve, guard" (conservare). Con means "together," so "together" we can "serve" the planet by not doing doughnuts in the wetlands on our jet skis. You can conserve the planet or a little something for yourself — you might conserve hot water so you can wash your hair later, or try to conserve your old bedroom when you go off to college (and your mom is ready for a home office).
WORD FAMILY
conserve: conservancy, conservation, conserved, conserves, conserving+/ conservation: conservationist, conservations, conservativist/conservationist: conservationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some appear to be in good condition but were conserved using a 1940s process that is slowly degrading the documents housed in the temperature-controlled archives.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It will conserve 45 separate wetlands encompassing 280 acres, over two miles of undeveloped shoreline, forest, and other areas.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The scans laid bare efforts to conserve the altarpiece, and the handiwork of its original masters.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 保护，保藏，保存; [化，物]使守恒; 将…做成蜜饯
n. 果酱，蜜饯
时态：conserved, conserving, conserves
分布：保存(46%)，节省(32%)，保持(13%)，果酱(4%)，蜜饯(4%)，用糖保存(1%)
→con-, 强调。-serve, 照看，保护，词源同observe, 观察。
保存;保守(con全部+serve→全部保持下来→保存)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
US [-ˈsɜ˞ːv/
■to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste 保护；保藏；保存；保留；节约
• To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our central heating. 为了省电，我们在减少中央供热。
• The nationalists are very keen to conserve their customs and language. 民族主义者非常热衷于保留他们的习俗和语言。
• I'm not being lazy - I'm just conserving my energy/strength for later. 我不是在偷懒——我只是在为以后保存精力／体力。
noun countable or uncountable UK [ˈkɒn.sɜːv] US [ˈkɑːn.sɜ˞ːv] formal
■a type of jam in which the fruit is whole or in large pieces 蜜饯，果脯
• apricot/strawberry conserve 杏脯／草莓蜜饯
conserve, store, save, maintain, preserve
这组词都有“保存，储藏”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 较正式用词，指小心地使用难以补充的资源或贵重物，免遭浪费或毁坏，以备不时之需。
store: 普通用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。
save: 普通用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加。
maintain: 指保持原样，不增不减
preserve: 侧重将物品完好无损地保存下来。
conserve, reserve, retain, withhold, preserve, keep
这组词都有“保持，保存”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等。
reserve: 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
retain: 指继续保持。
withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍。
preserve: 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。
keep: 最常用词，指长时间牢固地保持或保存。
vt. 保存；将…做成蜜饯；使守恒
 - save, hold
n. 果酱；蜜饯
 - confiture, glazed fruit

Word: hen
Front: hen
[hen] (中高研四 7934/6080 -2)
Vocabulary: hen
(once / 388 pages)
n
A hen is a female chicken. It's important to make sure your new backyard chickens are hens and not roosters — otherwise, those eggs you're looking forward to just aren't going to happen.
You can use the word hen for the female of many birds, including turkeys, pheasants, and quail, as well as for a female lobster. In parts of Britain, a hen can also be a (slightly offensive) slang term for a woman, and if something's described as being "rare as hen's teeth," it's extremely precious or scarce.
WORD FAMILY
hen: hens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hens recalls ruefully that she did not try to shield her sons from their brutal father.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“You don’t want to put the fox in charge of the hen house,” said Robert Ambrogi, of the Massachusetts Newspaper Publishers Association.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The average number of laying hens on hand in October was roughly 53 million, up 55 percent from last year.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 母鸡; 雌禽; 女人
分布：母鸡(94%)，雌禽(6%)
→来自古英语henn,来自kan,唱，吟唱，词源同chant,cantor.引申词义打鸣的鸟，即公鸡，参照古英语hana,公鸡。
n.母鸡Hence the hen cries whenever it sees a chicken.从此每当那只母鸡看见小鸡时就叫.
noun countable
■an adult female chicken which is often kept for its eggs, or the female of any bird 母鸡；母禽
■Scottish informal
■used as a way of talking to a woman or girl, especially someone that you like （尤用来称呼自己喜欢的女子）姑娘
• "Are you not feeling too good, hen?" ｢你不舒服吗，小姑娘？｣
n. 母鸡；女人； [禽] 雌禽
 - female, she

Word: hopeless
Front: hopeless
[ˈhəʊpləs] (高四六 7926/6390 -2)
Vocabulary: hopeless
(once / 214 pages)
adj
Someone who's hopeless believes that nothing good can happen — a happy ending seems impossible. If you realize there's no way you'll pass your biology class, it's a hopeless situation.
When you're struggling to learn a new language or tackling a difficult task and feeling utterly discouraged, you can say that you're hopeless. In other words, you have no hope that things will work out the way you wish they would. A plan that's doomed to failure is also hopeless, because there's no chance that it'll be successful: "His scheme to save enough money to backpack through Europe is hopeless, because he still hasn't found a job."
WORD FAMILY
hopeless: hopelesser, hopelessly, hopelessness+/ hope: hoped, hopeful, hopeless, hoper, hopes, hoping/hoped: unhoped/ hopeful: hopefully, hopefulness, hopefuls, unhopeful/hopelessness: hopelessnesss/hoper: hopers/unhoped: unhopedly/unhopeful: unhopefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
She won a huge settlement against the government in 2009 in a case that other people saw as hopeless.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All this does not mean that modest weight loss is hopeless, experts say.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The entire history of professional sports indicated that their situation was hopeless.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不抱希望的，绝望的; 没有希望的，惨淡的; 不可救药的; 不可能的
分布：绝望的(62%)，没有希望的(24%)，无可救药的(14%)
US ['hoʊ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■without hope 没希望的
• a hopeless situation 毫无希望的局势
• They searched for survivors but it was hopeless. 他们搜寻生还者，但没有任何希望。
• She was depressed and felt totally hopeless about the future. 她情绪低落，觉得未来毫无希望。
 ADVANCED
■completely without skill at a particular activity 不可救药的
• I'm hopeless at sports. 我在体育方面糟透了。
• He's a hopeless cook. 他做菜一塌糊涂。
desperate, hopeless
desperate: 因绝望而铤而走险
hopeless: 无任何希望；
adj. 绝望的；不可救药的
 - forlorn, broken-hearted

Word: revisit
Front: revisit
[ˌri:ˈvɪzɪt] (7933/13764 -1)
Vocabulary: revisit
(once / 1809 pages)
v
If you revisit a city, you travel there for a second (or subsequent) time. If you revisit the idea of learning German, you reconsider it.
To literally revisit a place is simply to go there again: "I can't wait to revisit New York City — I didn't get to see the Statue of Liberty this time!" You'll find this verb used even more often to mean "consider again, or from a different perspective." So you could revisit New York, and also revisit your plan to see the Statue of Liberty, deciding to see a Broadway play instead.
WORD FAMILY
revisit: revisited, revisiting, revisits+/visit: revisit, visitant, visitation, visited, visiting, visitor, visits/visitant: visitants/ visitation: visitations/visiting: visitings/visitor: visitors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now that we’re in the thick of a new awards season, revisit this critical favorite that won six Oscars.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
None of these shortcomings detract from what is a fascinating work of revisited history with all the narrative traction of a good mystery.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
I didn’t think of it until Prince died and I revisited his catalog.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 重游; 再访; 重临; 回到
n. 重访问; 再参观
时态：revisited, revisiting, revisits
分布：重游(49%)，再访(20%)，重新讨论(20%)，重临(11%)
→re-,再，重新，visit,访问。
VERB
再访;重游
If you revisit a place, you return there for a visit after you have been away for a long time, often after the place has changed a lot.
例：In the summer, when we returned to Canada, we revisited this lake at dawn.夏天我们回到加拿大后，在黎明时分重游了这个湖泊。

Word: confide
Front: confide
[kənˈfaɪd] (托宝 7928/7864 -1)
Vocabulary: confide
(once / 316 pages)
v
To confide in someone is to tell them something privately. We confide in people we trust.
We all have secrets and subjects that are hard to talk about. When we want to talk about something sensitive, we look for someone to confide in: a person we trust not to blab about our business to the rest of the world. Most people confide in close friends or family, often to get advice. If you tell someone a secret, and then they tell ten of their friends, you made a mistake by confiding in that person.
WORD FAMILY
confide: confidant, confided, confides, confiding+/ confidant: confidants/confiding: confidingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But another situation is an outright emergency — a man who confides that he is being abused by his wife — and he needs help fast.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She confided in some friends, and kept quiet to others.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
"A lady over here says your movies don't do you justice," a waitress confided.
Los Angeles Times(Mar 11, 1990)
Back: vt. 吐露（秘密、心事等）; 委托，托付
vi. 吐露秘密; 信任，信赖
时态：confided, confiding, confides
分布：吐露(43%)，信赖(42%)，委托(15%)
→con-, 强调。-fid, 信任，词源同faith, fiance. 即信任的人，可以吐露隐私的人。
吐露;信托(con全部+fide→全部相信→吐露[真情])[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
【记】con共同，fid相信－互相相信对方，所以可以吐露心事。
【参】fidelity（n 忠实，忠贞）；perfidy（n 背信）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to tell something secret or personal to someone who you trust not to tell anyone else 吐露，倾诉（秘密）
• [+ that] He confided (to her) that his hair was not his own. 他（向她）透露他的头发是假发。
• [+ speech] "My husband doesn't know yet, but I'm going to leave him, " she confided. “我丈夫还不知道，但我就要离开他了。”她倾诉道。
[kən'faɪd] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  confide in sb
■to share your feelings and secrets with someone because you trust them not to tell other people 向（某人）倾诉；向（某人）吐露情感（或秘密）
• She's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in her. 她人很好，但我还是觉得我不能对她推心置腹。
confide, rely, trust, believe
这组词都有“相信，信任”的意思，其区别是：
confide: 侧重忠诚可靠与可信赖。
rely: 指在相信的基础上可进一步依靠，着重可靠性。
trust: 指绝对相信或信赖某人。
believe: 普通用词，常表示一种缓和、不太肯定的口气。
vt. 吐露；委托
 - voice, refer
vi. 信赖；吐露秘密
 - rely, depend, trust, hope

Word: node
Front: node
[nəʊd] (7937/4911 -1)
Vocabulary: node
(once / 2300 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n 5n
A node is a point of connection. Technically, a traffic intersection is a node since multiple roads connect at that point.
Another type of node is a round swelling. Some are abnormal, like a node you discover on your knee, but others, such as a lymph node, are a normal part of your immune system. You can also find a node on a plant: it’s the swelling on the stem marking the spot where leaves emerge. Computer techs know that a node can also be a piece of equipment — like your cable modem — in a computer network. In a sense, that kind of node is also a connecting point — like the traffic intersection.
WORD FAMILY
node: internode, nodes+/internode: internodes
USAGE EXAMPLES
But some nodes of the network may be more important than others.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Just one of the lymph nodes was found to be cancerous and nine days later Karrie-Ann was told scans showed she was cancer-free.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
The numbers at nodes indicate the number of gene families expanded and contracted at different evolutionary time points.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 节点; （计算机网络的）节点; [医]结节; 植物的节
分布：节(96%)，瘤(3%)，结节(1%)
→来自拉丁语nodus,节，结，词源同net,noose.引申词义结点。
US [noʊd] specialized
noun countable
LUMP 肿块
■a lump (= raised area) or swelling on or in a living object （生物体的）节，结，瘤
• a lymph node 淋巴结
UK [nəʊd] US [noʊd] specialized
noun countable
JOIN 接合点
■a place where things join, for example lines, or where a leaf and stem join on a plant （线等的）交点；（植物的）茎节
• a leaf node 叶节点
n. 节点；瘤； [数] 叉点
 - nodal point, tumour

Word: fasten
Front: fasten
[ˈfɑ:sn] (高研四六托宝 7930/7148 -K1)
Vocabulary: fasten
(once / 175 pages)
v
When you fasten something, you close or attach it. You might fasten your coat, closing each snap, when the sun goes down and the air gets chilly.
People fasten all kinds of things: we all fasten our seat belts when we board an airplane and fasten our bathrobes by tying them in the front. Your ski goggles might fasten onto your helmet, just as your boots fasten onto your skis. You can also say that you fasten your hair with a barrette or fasten a charm bracelet around your wrist. The Old English root is fæstnian, "make fast or firm."
WORD FAMILY
fasten: fastened, fastener, fastening, fastens, unfasten+/fastener: fasteners/fastening: fastenings/unfasten: unfastened, unfastener, unfastening, unfastens
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the visitors’ locker room, he joked with folks around him as an equipment man fastened his cuff links.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
When he fastened it over a T-shirt, he recalled, it suddenly “felt so subversive and cool.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
We were wondering how to hold the cornstalks up without fastening anything to our home.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 系牢，钉牢; 使坚固或稳固; 使合在一起：封合; 集中：稳定地集中或指向：
vi. 附着，扣紧; 紧握，紧抱; 集中：显著地注意，集中
时态：fastened, fastening, fastens
分布：系(64%)，固定(17%)，系紧(11%)，使固定(3%)，强加于(2%)，拴紧(2%)，抓紧(1%)
→来自fast, 固定的。
v.扎牢,使固定Please fasten your seat belts!请系上安全带!
【参】fastness（n 牢固；固定；要塞；城堡）＝stronghold
【反】fastness（n 要塞）－unsecured palace（没有防卫的地方）
US ['fæs.ən] verb
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) become firmly fixed together, or in position, or closed 扣紧；系牢；扎好；关紧
• Make sure your seat belt is securely fastened. 请务必将您的安全带系好。
• This shirt fastens at the back. 这件衬衫是在后面系扣的。
fasten sth on/to/together, etc.
 ESSENTIAL
■to fix one thing to another 把…固定在（…上）／到（…上）／在一起等
• I fastened the sticker to the windscreen. 我把贴纸黏到挡风玻璃上。
UK ['fɑ:.sən] US ['fæs.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fasten on/upon sth
■to give attention to something, because it is of special interest or often because you think it is the cause of a problem 集中注意力于；集中思想于
• The tabloid newspapers have fastened on popular psychology. 这些小报处处捉摸大众心理。
• My mind fastened on his admission that he was an agent. 我的注意力还集中在他承认自己是间谍一事上。
tighten, focus, intensify, fasten
tighten: 加紧，收紧
focus: 集中
intensify: 加强，强化
fasten: 系紧，扣紧
chain, tie, secure, bind, fasten
这组词都有“扎牢、捆、绑”的意思，其区别是：
chain: 专指用链条或金属环将某人或某物锁住或系住。
tie: 普通用词，指用绳索等将东西扎紧捆牢。
secure: 指将某物紧紧地固定起来，使之完全无损。
bind: 多指把两个或两个以上的人或物牢牢地系或扎在一起。
fasten: 指把某物牢牢地拴在、钉在或锁在另一物上，使不能任意移动。
vt. 使固定；集中于；扎牢；强加于
 - focus on, fix
vi. 扣紧；抓住；集中注意力
 - pay attention, take hold

Word: portrayal
Front: portrayal
[pɔ:ˈtreɪəl] (托 7945/11850)
Vocabulary: portrayal
(once / 3861 pages)
n
If you like the way an actor played the role of Abraham Lincoln, you might praise his portrayal of the sixteenth president.
Use the noun portrayal to describe the representation of someone, either in the form of a dramatic character, a spoken description, or even a photograph or painting of the person. You can also talk about the portrayal of an object or idea: "Dorothea Lange's photographs are an accurate portrayal of the Great Depression." The Old French word portraire, "to draw or trace," is the root of portrayal.
WORD FAMILY
portrayal: portrayals+/portraitist: portraitists/portraiture: portraitures/ portray: portraitist, portraiture, portrayal, portrayed, portrayer, portraying, portrays/portrayer: portrayers/portraying: portrayings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fairchild’s emotional horror show of a portrayal was one of the year’s strongest.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not a heartless portrayal, but it’s an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Lithgow’s portrayal of that particular lion in winter began with his spring.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 画像，肖像; 描述，描写; 叙述
分布：描绘(58%)，肖像(22%)，画像(20%)
N-COUNT
（角色的）扮演，刻画，演绎
An actor's portrayal of a character in a play or film is the way that he or she plays the character.
例：Mr Ying is well-known for his portrayal of a prison guard in the film 'The Last Emperor'.英先生因其在电影《末代皇帝》中塑造的监狱看守形象而闻名。
N-COUNT
绘画；油画；照片
An artist's portrayal of something is a drawing, painting, or photograph of it.
例：'Scene with a Winding River' (1827) is a near-monochrome portrayal of a wood infused with silvery light.《有弯弯河流的风景》（1827年）是一幅近乎单色调的绘画，描绘的是沐浴在银色光线里的一片树林。
例：...a moving portrayal of St John the Evangelist by Simone Martini.西蒙·马尔蒂尼画的福音传道者圣约翰的动人画像
N-COUNT
描述；描写；刻画
The portrayal of something in a book or film is the act of describing it or showing it.
例：This is a sensitive and often funny portrayal of a friendship between two 11-year-old boys.这是对两个11岁小男孩之间的友谊所作的细腻而不乏风趣的描述。
例：...Leigh's portrayal of English society.莉对英格兰社会的描写
N-COUNT
描写；呈现；表现
The portrayal of something in a book, film, or programme is the way that it is made to appear.
例：The media persists in its portrayal of us as muggers, dope sellers and gangsters...媒体一直把我们描绘成抢劫犯、贩毒者和歹徒。
例：I get criticized for the portrayal of women in that movie.我在那部电影里对女性形象的刻画受到了批评。
n. 描绘；画像，肖像
 - image, figure, icon

Word: pinch
Front: pinch
[pɪntʃ] (研四六托雅宝 7741/7728 -2)
Vocabulary: pinch
(once / 429 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4v 5n
To pinch is to sharply squeeze or grip with your fingers. No matter how much you love your grandma, you probably don't enjoy it when she pinches your cheek and tells you how tall you've gotten.
You can pinch your little brother when he's being annoying, and you can pinch an image on a touchscreen (to make it smaller or larger) by moving your fingertips the same way. Pinch is also a noun, meaning the act of pinching or the amount of something you can hold between your finger and thumb: "Add a pinch of salt to the soup." Informally, if you pinch something from a store, you steal it.
WORD FAMILY
pinch: pinched, pinches, pinching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Slowly, a pinch of doubt about the bold move that Duncan was attempting bubbled to the surface.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Hurricanes found themselves in a pinch when Lack fell ill before Saturday night’s game at Tampa Bay.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She scoured the internet for information about stillbirths and pinched umbilical cords - the culprit in her son’s death.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 捏，掐; 挤痛，夹痛; 使（植物）枯萎，凋谢; 使紧缺，节制
vi. 挤痛，压痛; 吝惜，节约
n. 匮乏; 少量，一撮; 困苦
时态：pinched, pinching, pinches
分布：捏(42%)，一撮(17%)，掐(14%)，少量(9%)，夹痛(8%)，逮捕(5%)，困苦(4%)，使困苦(1%)
→来自盎格鲁诺曼法语*pinchier,掐，拧，来自俗拉丁语*piccare,刺，穿插，词源同peck,pick,pike.
v.捏,掐,拧;收缩;紧急关头;匮乏;压力From the tiny tin pin, the spinner pinched off an inch.纺纱工从小锡别针上掐掉一英寸.
【记】pin大头针，ch吃：大头针的尖儿就是一点儿。
【反】abundant amount（充足的数量）
verb
PRESS 压
intransitive or transitive
■to squeeze something, especially someone's skin, strongly between two hard things such as a finger and a thumb, usually causing pain 捏，拧，掐，夹
• Ouch! Stop pinching (me)! 哎哟，别掐我！
• These shoes are too tight, they pinch (my feet). 这双鞋太紧了，夹我的脚。
pinch yourself informal
■You say that you have to pinch yourself if you cannot really believe something that has happened because it is so good or so strange 掐自己一下（表示某事太好或太奇怪，简直令人难以置信）
• I can't believe that he's back from Canada and he's mine - I keep having to pinch myself to make sure I'm not dreaming. 我不敢相信他从加拿大回来了，他是我的——我不停地掐自己以确定我不是在做梦。
[pɪntʃ] verb
STEAL 偷窃
transitive informal
■to steal something 偷窃
• Right, who's pinched my chair? 好嘛，谁把我的椅子偷走了？
[pɪntʃ] verb
pinch pennies (UK also pinch and scrape) old-fashioned
■to spend as little money as possible 精打细算；省吃俭用
• When we were first married we had to pinch pennies just to get by. 我们刚结婚时不得不精打细算以勉强维持生计。
[pɪntʃ] noun
AMOUNT 数量
countable
■a small amount of something, such as a powder, especially the amount which a person can hold between their first finger and thumb （一）撮；少量
• While the tomatoes are cooking add a pinch of salt/sugar/dried thyme. 煮番茄时加一小撮盐／糖／干百里香。
• figurative Opinion polls on subjects like this should be taken with a pinch of scepticism. 对这种议题的民意调查应持半信半疑的态度。
[pɪntʃ] noun
PRESS 压
countable usually singular
■when you pinch something or someone 捏，拧，掐，夹
• She gave Emma a painful pinch on the arm. 她在艾玛的手臂上狠狠地掐了一下。
[pɪntʃ] noun
at a pinch (US in a pinch) UK
■Something that you can do at a pinch can be done if it is really necessary, but it will be difficult, not perfect, or not what you would really like 必要时；在紧要关头
• I need £2000 to set up the business, but I suppose £1500 would do at a pinch. 我需要2000英镑来创办这间公司，不过实在凑不够的话，1500英镑也可以。
vt. 捏；勒索；使苦恼；掐掉某物，修剪
 - harry, shear, crop
n. 匮乏；少量；夹痛
 - bit, ounce
vi. 夹痛；节省
 - save, economize on

Word: chase
Front: chase
[tʃeɪs] (研四六雅宝 3312/3378 -K3)
Vocabulary: chase
(once / 230 pages)
1vn 2v 3n
To chase is to follow or go after someone or something you want. This activity is called a chase. Dogs chase cats, cats chase mice, and mice are in big trouble.
The word chase tried to run away from the Old French word chacier for "to hunt or strive for,” but we caught it. Any time you’re trying to get something that’s trying to get away from you, you chase it. Police officers chase criminals, and kids playing tag chase each other all over the yard. You can also chase things that aren't physical, like a dream or a goal. This activity itself is called a chase.
WORD FAMILY
chase: chased, chaser, chases, chasing+/chaser: chasers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Iraqi “led them on a wild goose chase of grave sites saying that he knew where Troy was,” Ginger’s husband Jim says.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
The crime Saturday at Plaza Frontenac resulted in a police chase that ended 60 miles away in Illinois.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“Someday,” he wrote, “my wish will be granted and I'll join a village like this and spend my days chasing sheep across Syria's hills.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 追捕; 追求; 追寻; 镂刻
n. 追捕; 打猎; 猎物（指鸟兽等）; 槽
vi. 追逐，追赶; 追寻; 追求（常与after连用）; [口语] 奔跑
时态：chased, chasing, chases
分布：追赶(33%)，追求(26%)，追捕(23%)，奔跑(10%)，试图赢得(4%)，狩猎(3%)，争取(1%)
→来自拉丁词captare, 抓，拿，catch的同源对词，词源同capture, captive.
v./n.追逐,追求She chased the children from her garden.她把那些孩子赶出花园.
【记】读：沉思。雕镂之前要沉思一下，用什么图案。
【参】chafe（v 擦痛）读：重复
verb
FOLLOW 跟随
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to hurry after someone or something in order to catch them 追赶，追逐；追捕
• The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone. 警车开得这么快，一定是在追捕甚么人。
• She was chasing (after) a man who had snatched her bag. 她在追赶一个抢走她的手提包的男子。
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to hurry or run in various directions 跑来跑去；匆忙赶往
• She couldn't study with the children chasing around the house. 孩子在房子里跑来跑去，她没法温习。
[tʃeɪs] verb
TRY TO GET 争取
transitive
■to try to get something that is difficult to get or achieve 追求，努力争取
• It's depressing how many people there are chasing so few jobs. 这么多人在争夺这么少的几份工作，真是让人沮丧。
• After years of chasing her dreams , she finally got a part in a film. 追逐自己的梦想这么多年，她终于在一部电影中得到了一个角色。
intransitive or transitive
■to try very hard to persuade someone to have a relationship with you 追求，（向某人）求爱
• She's always chasing (after) men. 她总是追求男人。
[tʃeɪs] verb
GET RID OF 除掉
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to run after a person or an animal in a threatening way in order to make them leave 驱逐；赶走，撵走
• He used to chase the children away from his apple trees. 他过去常把孩子从他的苹果树旁赶走。
• She's always chasing cats out of the garden to protect her precious birds. 她总是把猫赶出花园，以保护她那些珍贵的小鸟。
[tʃeɪs] verb
be chasing your tail
■to be busy doing a lot of things but achieving very little 瞎忙活，白忙，徒劳无功
[tʃeɪs] verb
chase the dragon slang
■to take the drug heroin , by smoking it 吸食海洛因
[tʃeɪs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chase sb up informal
■to ask someone to do something that they have said they would do but that they have not yet done 催促，提醒（某人实践诺言）
• If you don't hear from the builders this week, make sure you chase them up. 要是你这个星期还没有从施工人员那里得到消息，一定要催催他们。
• I must chase my flatmate up about those bills and see if she paid them. 我一定要找我的室友问问那些帐单的事，看看她是否付了帐。
[tʃeɪs] noun countable
■when you go after someone or something very quickly in order to catch them 追赶，追逐；追捕
• a tedious film with endless car/police chases 充斥着没完没了追车／员警追捕场面的乏味电影
the chase
■the sport of hunting animals 打猎
• Asked why he went fox-hunting, he replied that he loved the thrill of the chase. 问到他为甚么去猎狐时，他回答说喜欢打猎的刺激。
[tʃeɪs] noun countable
give chase
■to go after a criminal quickly in order to catch them 追逐罪犯
pursue, trace, trail, track, hunt, chase, follow
这组词都有“跟随、追踪”的意思，其区别是：
pursue: 指坚持不懈、毫不动摇地紧跟、追赶某人、某物或某个事业。
trace: 指根据线索或足迹进行跟踪。用于抽象意义时指找到某事物的根源。
trail: 一般指跟踪追击。
track: 指沿着人或动物留下的印迹或行迹追踪。
hunt: 原义为“追猎、猎取”，现用于指追捕或搜寻逃犯等。
chase: 指快速追赶或决心追踪，褒义贬义均可用。
follow: 普遍用词，含义最广，多指跟随起引导作用的人或物，跟随的动机可以是善意的，也可能是恶意的。
vt. 追逐；追捕；试图赢得；雕镂
 - go after, track down
vi. 追逐；追赶；奔跑
 - pursue, go after
n. 追逐；追赶；追击
 - pursuit, hunting

Word: working
Front: working
[ˈwɜ:kɪŋ] (雅 2819/1556 -K5)
Back: adj. （涉及）工作的; （人）有工作的; （时间）用于工作上的; （想法等）可作为基础的
v. （使）工作( work的现在分词); （使）运作; 运转; （使）产生效果
n. 工作; 活动; 制作; 操纵
分布：工作上的(21%)，劳动的(12%)，矿(12%)，初步的(10%)，暂定的(10%)，作业区(10%)，基本够用的(10%)，做工作的(5%)，起作用的(5%)，工作方法.(5%)
US ['wɝ:-] adjective [before noun]
JOB 工作
 IMPROVER
■relating to work 工作的
• a 37-hour working week 一周工作37小时
• Working conditions/practices in the mill have hardly changed over the last twenty years. 过去20年来，这家磨坊的工作条件／方式几乎没有改变。
• She has a difficult working relationship with many of her staff. 她与很多员工的工作关系都不好。
 IMPROVER
■having work 有工作的
• These tax changes will affect 90% of the working population. 这些税收的变化将会影响到90%的工作人口。
UK ['wɜ:.kɪŋ] US ['wɝ:-] adjective [before noun]
MACHINE 机器
 IMPROVER
■operating 运行着的
• It has taken about five years to restore the aircraft to (full) working condition/order. 大约花了五年时间才令这架飞机完全恢复正常运作。
 IMPROVER
■describes the parts of a machine which move and make it work （零件）运作的
• It is essential that all working components are properly lubricated. 给所有运作部件适时上润滑油是非常重要的。
UK ['wɜ:.kɪŋ] US ['wɝ:-] adjective [before noun]
USEFUL 有用的
■describes a plan, idea or knowledge that is not complete but is good enough to be useful 初步的；暂定的，基本够用的
• We have a working theory/hypothesis about what caused the crash, which we shall test. 我们有了一个关于坠机原因的初步设想／假设，还待进一步验证。
• She's fluent in French and English and has a working knowledge of Spanish. 她法语和英语说得都很流利，西班牙语也能应付。
adj. 工作的；操作的；可行的
 - operational, feasible, handling
n. 工作；活动；制作；操纵
 - activity, movement, job, pursuit, management
v. 工作；影响；受雇用（work的ing形式）
 - influencing, affecting

Word: resonance
Front: resonance
[ˈrezənəns] (六托 7935/9855 -1)
Vocabulary: resonance
(once / 4232 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you have a loud, deep voice, then your voice has resonance, and if your words are powerful and meaningful, then your words have resonance, too. Something with resonance has a deep tone or a powerful lasting effect.
Resonance is the quality of being “resonant,” which can mean “strong and deep in tone” or “having a lasting effect.” If your voice has resonance, you might consider a profession that involves public speaking. Perhaps you'll become a politician and deliver speeches that have a lasting effect, or resonance, with your audience. Rooms that intensify sound, like many gymnasiums, can also be said to have resonance.
WORD FAMILY
resonance: resonances+/ resonant: nonresonant, resonance, resonantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
How chilling are the resonances with Nineteen Eighty-Four – and particularly the passages from “The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism” read by Winston Smith.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Wallace: The resonances are not lost on me.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
I wanted escape, but I needed moral resonance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 共鸣; 反响; 共振
分布：共振(87%)，共鸣(11%)，反响(2%)
反响;共鸣(re+son+ance)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
noun
SOUND 声音
uncountable
■the quality of being loud and clear （声音）洪亮的，响亮的，回响的，回声的
countable or uncountable specialized
■when something makes a sound as a result of vibration (= shaking) of another object 共振（某物由于另一个物质的振动／摇动而发出声音）
• magnetic resonance 磁力共振
['rez.ən.ənts] noun
QUALITY 特质
countable or uncountable
■a feeling, thought, memory, etc that a piece of writing or music makes you have, or the quality in a piece of writing, etc which makes this happen 共鸣（一个作品或一首乐曲使你具有的感情、思想、回忆等，或作品或乐曲中使这种情况发生的素质）
• This poem has many resonances for me. 这首诗使我浮想联翩。
n. [力] 共振； [物] 共鸣；反响
 - sympathetic vibration, reflections

Word: noodle
Front: noodle
[ˈnu:dl] (中高研 7939/21573 -1)
Vocabulary: noodle
(once / 4545 pages)
1n 2n
A noodle is a piece of pasta, especially a long, skinny one. You can eat noodles with butter and cheese or sauce, or slurp them from a bowl of soup.
Noodles are cut or rolled from a dough that contains some kind of flour — wheat, buckwheat, and rice flour are all commonly used. In Thai food, you'll find wide and thin rice noodles, while Italian food contains many varieties of noodles made from semolina flour, like spaghetti and lasagna. Informally, you can call your head a noodle too. Both meanings have uncertain origins; all we know for sure is that noodle comes from the German Nudel.
WORD FAMILY
noodle: noodles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Temple bells echoed at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Temple bells will echo at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He played football, liked noodles and used to rib his mum about her Irish accent when she lost her temper.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 面条; 傻子， 笨蛋
vi. （乐师）弹拨乐器，（即兴）演奏; [口语]长时间地思考，反复酝酿
分布：面条(100%)
→来自德语Nudel，面条。俚语义笨蛋。
n.(常用复数)面条I'll have instant noodle for supper.晚饭我吃方便面.
noun
FOOD 食物
countable usually plural
■a food in the form of long thin strips made from flour or rice, water and often egg, which you cook in boiling liquid 面条
• egg/rice noodles 鸡蛋面／米粉
• instant/crispy noodles 即食面／炒面
• chicken noodle soup 鸡汤面
['nu:.dl] noun
HEAD
countable US informal for
■ noddle 头，头脑
['nu:.dl] verb intransitive US informal
■to play a musical instrument without giving it full or serious attention （随意地）拨弄乐器
• I just sat at the piano noodling. 我不过是坐在钢琴旁随手弹弹而已。
n. 面条；笨蛋
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: moonlight
Front: moonlight
[ˈmu:nlaɪt] (7941/9043 -1)
Vocabulary: moonlight
(once / 309 pages)
1n 2v
Moonlight is literally the light we can see shining from the moon, but to moonlight is to work a second job. Get it? You have to work in the moonlight because there aren’t enough hours in the day.
Moonlight is the reflection of the sun off the moon's surface — a clear sky and a full moon provide brilliant moonlight. Smugglers hate moonlight. If you moonlight, you work a second job, and it doesn’t have to be at night. If your history teacher also works as a mascot for a baseball team, he moonlights as a dancing bear. As a verb, it used to mean “commit crimes at night,” but now just means “to work a second job.”
WORD FAMILY
moonlight: moonlighted, moonlighter, moonlighting, moonlights+/moonlighter: moonlighters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Background of poster for the movie “Moonlight”; 16.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“Illuminating ‘Moonlight’” includes that film, Mr. Jenkins’s earlier work, and movies that influenced him.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Also there: “Rogue One 3D,” “Collateral Beauty,” “Nocturnal Animals,” “Arrival” and “Moonlight.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 月光
vi. 兼职
时态：moonlighted, moonlighting, moonlights
分布：月光(96%)，兼职(3%)，夜间的(1%)
→比喻用法。
noun uncountable
■the pale light of the moon 月光
• The young lovers sat in the moonlight. 年轻的情侣在月光下对坐。
['mu:n.laɪt] noun uncountable
do a moonlight flit UK informal
■to leave secretly, especially to avoid paying money that you owe （尤指为躲债而）潜逃，偷偷逃掉
• When he discovered the police were after him, he did a moonlight flit. 他发现警方在追踪他，就偷偷逃掉了。
['mu:n.laɪt] verb intransitive (moonlighted, moonlighted)
■to work at an extra job, especially without telling your main employer （尤指瞒着雇主）从事第二职业，兼职
• A qualified teacher, he moonlighted as a cabbie in the evenings to pay the rent. 他是个有执教证书的教师，晚上兼职开计程车以赚钱付房租。

Word: villain
Front: villain
[ˈvɪlən] (7948/8549 -1)
Vocabulary: villain
(once / 361 pages)
n
A villain is a bad person — real or made up. In books, movies, current events, or history, the villain is the character who does mean, evil things on purpose.
Today a villain is a wicked person, whether in fact or fiction. In the 1300s, villain described a low-born rustic. It came from the Medieval Latin word villanus, or farmhand. Just why a word would evolve from meaning farmer into evildoer is a little mysterious, although it probably has to do with farmers not being chivalrous, like the knights who were so admired in those days.
WORD FAMILY
villain: villainess, villainous, villains+/villainess: villainesses/ villainous: villainously, villainousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But what looked like a potentially game-winning subsequent drive for Washington ended on Cousins’s second interception, with Rodgers-Cromartie playing the villain again.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He’s a very unctuous, oily, truly horrific villain who the audience will enjoy despising.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Those villains remain racism, greed, lack of a decent education and misuse of political power.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物; 罪犯; 恶棍; 淘气鬼，顽童
分布：恶棍(64%)，坏人(19%)，反派角色(15%)，淘气鬼(2%)
→来自villa,村庄，农场。其原义为村民，词义贬义化为恶棍，无赖。
坏蛋,恶棍(vill[=vil]+ain人卑劣的人→坏人)[vil=base,表示"卑劣"]
恶棍(vill[=vile]+ain)[-ain表名词"…人"]
noun
countable
■a bad person who harms other people or breaks the law 流氓；恶棍
• Some people believe that Richard III did not murder his nephews and was not the villain he is generally thought to have been. 有些人认为理查三世没有谋杀自己的侄子们，而且也不是通常人们认为的恶棍。
• He's either a hero or a villain, depending on your point of view. 他要么是英雄，要么是恶棍，这取决于你如何看了。
countable UK informal
■a criminal 罪犯
• Bert's just a small-time villain. 伯特只是个小流氓。
countable
■a character in a book, play, film, etc. who harms other people 反面人物；反派角色
• He made his reputation as an actor playing villains. 他靠演反派角色而出了名。
countable usually singular informal
■something or someone considered harmful or dangerous 首要危险；祸首
• We've always been told that cholesterol, in foods like eggs, was a major cause of heart disease but, actually, saturated fat is the worst villain. 我们一直被告知鸡蛋等食物中所含的胆固醇是导致心脏病的主要原因，可实际上饱和脂肪才是罪魁祸首。
['vɪl.ən] noun
villain of the piece informal
■The villain of the piece is someone or something which is seen as being the cause of trouble on a particular occasion. 首恶；祸首
• When the minister was forced to resign, the press was generally seen as the villain of the piece. 那位部长被迫辞职，人们普遍认为新闻界是罪魁祸首。
n. 坏人，恶棍；戏剧、小说中的反派角色；顽童；罪犯
 - tough, bad guy

Word: specially
Front: specially
[ˈspeʃəli] (四六 7946/3487 -K1)
Vocabulary: specially
(once / 357 pages)
adv
Specially means "for a special purpose." If you walk into a room that's been specially decorated for St. Patrick's Day, there is probably a lot of green involved, and a shamrock or two.
Use the adverb specially as a slightly less formal version of especially to mean something done in a particular way — like the fabric of a raincoat that's been specially treated to repel water. Specially also tells about something done for a special occasion, like when you make your sister a specially decorated cake for her birthday.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
especially / specially
The words especially and specially, have just a hair's breadth of difference between them. Both can be used to mean "particularly." Especially tends to be more formal, while specially tends to be more informal:
Barney Frank can be ruthless in debate, especially when laying into opponents who try to evade the historical record.
This season, Essie Cosmetics is commemorating 2010 Breast Cancer Awareness month with specially created We Can Do It Pink!
But our words have finer points to them that are worthy of being understood. Especially carries with it a sense of something exceptional, implying that there is something else that is of lesser quality:
We came to win the game and I thought we played especially well in the first half.
Charlotte Daw Paulsen, a mezzo-soprano, as Jephtha's wife, was especially fine in her harrowing "Scenes of horror, scenes of woe."
Specially can refer to something with a distinct purpose, someone who stands apart from the rest, without insinuating that there is something or someone who is lesser:
Specially trained dogs may be useful in helping to calm autistic children.
Value Village's specially trained costume consultants will showcase the hottest costumes.
Now that you know the finer points, you can choose your words particularly/especially/specially carefully.
WORD FAMILY
special: specialise, specialism, speciality, specialize, specially, specialness, specials+/overspecialize: overspecialized/specialisation: specialisations/specialise: overspecialise, specialisation, specialised, specialiser, specialises, specialising/specialised: unspecialised/specialism: specialisms, specialist / specialist: specialistic, specialists/speciality: specialities/ specialization: specializations/ specialize: overspecialize, specialization, specialized, specializer, specializes, specializing/ specialized: unspecialized/specializer: specializers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And those meetings were preceded by meetings of specially designated committees designed to analyze policies and proposals pertaining to certain aspects of county government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A specially developed machine drills tiny holes at strategic points in the undersides until they spin just right.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hospital staff administered antibiotics, a specially formulated laxative to treat constipation, and a diet of squid and fish.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 特别地; 专门地; 特意地; 格外地
分布：特别地(49%)，专门地(36%)，尤其(15%)
→special,特殊的，专门的，-ly,副词后缀。
['speʃ.əl.i] (also especially)
adverb
VERY 极其
 IMPROVER
■extremely or in particular 极其；特别地；尤其
• This is a specially good wine. 这是一瓶上好的葡萄酒。
• "Is there anything you want to do this evening?" "Not specially." “今天晚上你有事吗？”“没甚么特别的事。”
• The children really liked the museum, specially the dinosaurs. 孩子们非常喜欢博物馆，特别是里面那些恐龙。
['speʃ.əl.i] (also especially)
adverb
FOR ONE PURPOSE 特意
 ADVANCED
■for a particular purpose 特意，专门地
• I came here specially to see you. 我是特意来看你的。
• She has a wheelchair that was specially made for her. 她有一辆专为她订做的轮椅。
• The opera 'Aida' was specially written for the opening of the Cairo opera house in 1871. 歌剧《阿伊达》是专门为1871年开罗歌剧院的落成而创作的。
particularly, especially, specially
这组词都有“特别地”的意思，其区别是：
particularly: 往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如：The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画，特别是他女儿的画像。)
especially: 一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如：I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利，尤其在夏天。)
specially: 多表示“专门地”，“为特别目的的地”，如表“不寻常”，“过分”等，可与especially通用。如：I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力 蛋糕。)
adv. 特别地；专门地
 - particularly, extra, technically

Word: durable
Front: durable
[ˈdjʊərəbl] (研四六托雅 7949/10004 -2)
Vocabulary: durable
(once / 1149 pages)
adj
Something that is built to last is durable. Your most durable pair of hiking boots will last you through your trek to the summit of Mount Everest.
Anything that's long-lasting, sturdy, or doesn't bend under pressure can be described as durable. You could have a durable relationship with your oldest friend, durable tires on your car, and a durable umbrella — they won't let you down or break. The Latin root of durable is durabilis, which means "lasting or permanent," and comes from durare, "to harden."
WORD FAMILY
durable: durability, durably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Collective, democratic representation in the workplace is essential to shared and durable economic prosperity.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Orders for long-lasting durable goods are down slightly in 2016 compared with last year, despite overall economic growth.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The result is a dough that’s chewy and durable.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 耐用的，耐久的; 持久的; 长期的
n. 耐用品，耐久品
分布：耐用持久的(100%)
→来自拉丁语durus, 硬，词源同endure, tree.引申义持久的。
持久的(dur+able)[dur=last,hard,表示"持久,坚硬"]
a.持久的,耐久的My durable endurance made me endure the injury during insurance.我持久的忍耐力使我忍受了保险期间的伤害.
US ['dʊr.ə-] adjective
■able to last a long time without becoming damaged 持久的，耐久的
• The machines have to be made of durable materials. 这种机器必须使用耐用的材料来制造。
• The resolution calls for a durable peace settlement. 该决议呼吁得出一个持久的和平解决方案。
adj. 耐用的，持久的
 - continued, sustained, service, lasting
n. 耐用品
 - hardgoods

Word: generosity
Front: generosity
[ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti] (六宝 7952/7604)
Vocabulary: generosity
(once / 498 pages)
n
Generosity is a quality that's a lot like unselfishness. Someone showing generosity is happy to give time, money, food, or kindness to people in need.
Generosity is a quality — like honesty and patience — that we all probably wish we had more of. When you show generosity, you might give away things or money or put others before yourself. But generosity is about more than cash and stuff. When you're forgiving and gentle to people, you show generosity of spirit. If you give others help or credit, that shows generosity. The world would certainly be a better place if more people showed generosity to others.
WORD FAMILY
generosity: generosities+/ generous: generosity, generousest, generously, generousness, overgenerous, ungenerous/overgenerous: overgenerously/ungenerous: ungenerously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He, too, offered a stay in his home … This level of generosity shocked me to my core.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
As I step back and consider the way this story ended, my own generosity embarrasses me.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
I was constantly stunned by Carrie’s generosity, refusing it often, which seemed to move her.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 慷慨，大方; 宽容或慷慨的行为; 丰富
分布：慷慨(80%)，大方(16%)，宽大(4%)
慷慨(gener+osity多的状态→多产生→慷慨)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
慷慨(gener产生)[-osity表名词,ose+ity组成,表示"多…的状态"]
US [-'rɑ:.sə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality or condition of being generous 慷慨，大方
• Her friends take advantage of (= benefit unfairly from) her generosity. 她的那些朋友利用她的慷慨占她的便宜。
n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
 - liberality, large-handedness

Word: casting
Front: casting
[ˈkɑ:stɪŋ] (托 7940/9808 -1)
Back: n. 铸造，铸件; 角色分配; 投掷; [动]脱落物
v. 扔掉(cast的现在分词); 铸造; 投掷; 选派演员
分布：铸造(92%)，投掷(6%)，选演员(1%)，动词cast的现在分词.(1%)
N-COUNT
铸件;铸造品
A casting is an object or piece of machinery which has been made by pouring a liquid such as hot metal into a container, so that when it hardens it has the required shape.
例：...stainless steel castings for Waterloo Station.为滑铁卢车站做的不锈钢铸件
n. 铸造； [机] 铸件；投掷；角色分配
 - molding, putting, throw, foundry
v. [机] 铸造；投掷；投向；选派演员；扔掉（cast的ing形式）
 - founding

Word: shaky
Front: shaky
[ˈʃeɪki] (六 7947/8423 -1)
Vocabulary: shaky
(once / 1556 pages)
adj
Something shaky is trembling — or just feels like it. When we're not confident, we feel shaky.
Being shaky is something that happens to us all. The first day of a job or class can make anyone feel shaky — even the teacher or boss. When you get extremely nervous, your hands might literally shake. That's not fun, but it might help you remember what shaky means. A building in an earthquake and a tree in the wind can also be shaky. One person we hope is not shaky — in either way — is a surgeon.
WORD FAMILY
shaky: shakier, shakiest, shakily, shakiness+/shakable: unshakable/shake: shakable, shakeable, shaken, shaker, shakes, shaking, shaky /shakeable: shakeably/shaken: shakenly, unshaken/shaking: shakings/unshakable: unshakably/unshaken: unshakenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Against Washington, he looked shaky at times, completing seven of 14 passes for only 57 yards.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Peace efforts in Syria must still survive the many potential pitfalls of the shaky alliance between Russia and Turkey.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Soon after the birth, he says, “these babies become shaky and you can’t calm them down.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （地位，信用等）动摇的; （因病、体弱等）摇晃的; 虚弱的; 不可靠的
级别：shakier, shakiest
分布：摇晃的(53%)，不稳固的(47%)
→来自 shake,摇动，摇晃，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
MOVEMENT 活动
■moving with quick, short movements from side to side, not in a controlled way 摇晃的，发抖的，颤抖的
• Soon after it was born, the calf got up and tried to stand on its shaky legs. 小牛出生不久，就起身摇摇晃晃地想站住了。
• The child wrote her name in large shaky letters. 那个孩子用歪歪扭扭的大字写下了她自己的名字。
• She's recovering well from her operation, but she's still a little shaky on her feet. 手术后她恢复得很好，但走路时仍有些不稳。
['ʃeɪ.ki] adjective
UPSET 使烦恼
■upset 心烦的，苦恼的
• The news left me feeling a little shaky. 这个消息使我有些心烦。
['ʃeɪ.ki] adjective
WEAK 弱
■not firm or strong 不稳定的；不坚固的；不结实的
• The building's foundations are rather shaky, and it could collapse at any time. 这栋建筑的地基很不稳固，随时可能会倒塌。
• The government is taking these steps to try to improve the country's shaky economy. 政府正在采取这些措施，试图改善该国经济不稳定的局面。
• Their marriage looks pretty shaky to me. 在我看来，他们的婚姻关系岌岌可危。
• I think you're on very shaky ground with that argument. 我觉得你那个论点相当站不住脚。
adj. 摇晃的；不可靠的；不坚定的
 - ramshackle, rickety

Word: compass
Front: compass
[ˈkʌmpəs] (高研四六托雅宝 7958/7064 -1)
Vocabulary: compass
(once / 312 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4v 5v 6v
Long before we had GPS (Global Positioning System) devices, people used a magnetic instrument called a compass for navigation. Some people still use a compass to navigate — usually when their GPS isn’t working.
Compass can also refer to another type of instrument, one that’s used for drawing circles; this should be familiar to you if you have ever studied geometry. In addition, compass can mean "range" or "scope." If you decide to hike the Appalachian Trail, using a compass (the navigational kind) should hopefully fall within your compass of ability. If not, we hope you own a reliable GPS.
WORD FAMILY
compass: compassed, compasses, compassing, encompass +/ encompass: encompassed, encompasses, encompassing, encompassment/ encompassing: encompassingly/encompassment: encompassments
USAGE EXAMPLES
What was diverse about them lay in intangibles: personality, moral compass, I.Q. — all hard to read in a formal portrait.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It is hard to read Mr. Trump’s compass on these issues.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
People through the ages understood that the importance of staying in touch through the darkness provides us with a compass to find our way.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 罗盘; 指南针; 圆规; 界限
时态：compassed, compassing, compasses
分布：指南针(78%)，圆规(10%)，范围(8%)，达到(2%)，图谋(1%)，围绕(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pass, 走，展开，词源同pace. 后用于指数学和航海物件品。
范围,界限(com共同+pass→共同能过的地方→做事的范围)[pass=passthrough表示"通过"]
n.罗盘,指南针;(pl.)圆规In the past the compass could pass passion to the passive man having pastime on the pasture.在过去,指南针可以将激情传递给在牧场上消遣的被动之人
【记】com共同，pass通过－指南针的针，和磁场的线，共同通过一个方向。
noun
DIRECTION DEVICE 方位仪器
countable
■a device for finding direction which has a needle which can move easily and that always points to magnetic north 指南针，罗盘
['kʌm.pəs] noun
MEASURING DEVICE 量度仪器
compasses [plural]
■a V-shaped device which is used for drawing circles or measuring distances on maps 圆规，两脚规
['kʌm.pəs] noun
LIMIT 界限
uncountable formal
■a particular range (of ability, activity, interest, etc.) （能力、活动、兴趣等的）界限，范围，范畴
• It's a musical instrument made of brass, somewhat like a cornet and with a similar compass. 这是一件黄铜乐器，跟短号有些类似，音域也与之相近。
• The discussion went beyond the compass of my brain. 讨论超出了我的理解能力。
n. 指南针， [航] [水运] 罗盘；圆规
 - calliper, divider
vt. 包围
 - case, invest, circumvent, encircle, ring about

Word: bowling
Front: bowling
[ˈbəʊlɪŋ] (高研雅 7944/7372 -2)
Vocabulary: bowling
(once / 1635 pages)
1n 2n
If you love bowling you're a fan of rolling a ball down a long lane and hoping it will knock down the pins at the end. The ball you roll is called a bowling ball.
Bowling classically involves very heavy balls that are rolled down the polished wood of a lane, with open gutters at each side, toward the ten pins arranged at the end. Other versions of bowling have smaller balls, differently shaped pins, and different numbers of pins — but the goal is always to knock as many of them over as possible. The game was originally known as "playing at bowls."
WORD FAMILY
bowling: bowlings+/ bowl: bowled, bowler, bowlful, bowling, bowls/bowler: bowlers/bowlful: bowlfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regarding Chip Bowling’s Dec. 25 Local Opinions essay, “A cleaner Chesapeake through genetically engineered crops”:
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The Bowling Green Daily News on medical school expansion to southwestern Kentucky area:
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Outside linebacker Dante Booker and defensive tackle Tracy Sprinkle were lost to knee injuries in the opening game against Bowling Green.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 保龄球运动; 滚木球戏
v. 打保龄球(bowl的现在分词)
分布：保龄球(100%)
→词源同ball, 球。
n.保龄球运动The young man won't go bowling with us.这个年轻人不跟我们一起去打保龄球.
US ['boʊ-] noun uncountable
CRICKET 板球
■(the part of the game) when you bowl (= throw) the ball in cricket （板球）投球
• The England captain opened the bowling (= bowled first). 英格兰队队长首先投球。
UK ['bəʊ.lɪŋ] US ['boʊ-] noun uncountable
ROLL 滚动 (UK also tenpin bowling)
■a game played inside, in which you roll a heavy ball down a track to try to knock down a group of pins (= tall, thin wooden objects) 保龄球戏

Word: revised
Front: revised
[rɪ'vaɪzd] (7942/6157)
Vocabulary: revised
(once / 701 pages)
adj
Use the adjective revised to describe something that's been updated or improved, such as a revised draft of your paper that includes corrections and new sentences that help explain your ideas.
The word revised comes from the Latin word revisere, which means "look at again, or visit again." When you revise something, this is exactly what happens. A revised opinion has been thought over and changed, and a revised edition of a newspaper or online news story has been edited, its inaccuracies fixed, and re-published. Revised usually implies that something has been improved or modernized as well.
WORD FAMILY
revised: unrevised+/revisal: revisals/ revise: revisal, revised, reviser, revises, revising, revision /reviser: revisers/revising: revisings/ revision: revisionism, revisions/revisionism: revisionist/revisionist: revisionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The revised draft resolution circulated by Russia “endorses” the cease-fire documents.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The 21 articles that were initially submitted to the committee were revised down to 18, over some objections voiced by ruling-party legislators.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“He is adamant that before he dies, he wants to revive interest in the family, to get Thibaw’s reputation revised.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 经过修订（或校正）的
v. 修订( revise的过去式和过去分词 ); 改变; 修正; [主英国英语]复习
分布：改进的(67%)，经过修订的(33%)
adjective
■changed in some ways 修正过的；经过修改的
• a revised edition of a book 一本书的修订版
adj. 改进的
 - modified, streamlined
v. 修改；校订；复习（revise的过去分词形式）
 - modified

Word: sift
Front: sift
[sɪft] (六宝 7955/11183 -1)
Vocabulary: sift
(once / 936 pages)
v
To bake a cake, you sift the flour to get out the lumps. When you sift, you separate out one thing from another.
When you sort through the mail looking for the bills or go through your photos to find that shot of your dog, that’s sifting, too. Detectives sift through piles of evidence when investigating crimes, and you might sift through the hundred applications you get from drummers eager to join your band, to find Ms. Right. When you're at the beach, you can sift sand through your fingers, and you might see big machines that sift the sand to clean it.
WORD FAMILY
sift: sifted, sifter, sifting, sifts+/sifter: sifters/sifting: siftings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump, 70, rarely uses a computer and sifts through stacks of newspapers, magazines and printed articles to read the news.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The team once spent three weeks sifting through prepaid-phone records, fake email accounts and inconclusive social media searches to track down a 13-year-old girl.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In his campaign against this food additive, Taubes sifts through centuries’ worth of data pertinent to the subject.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 筛分; 精选; 撒; 审查
vi. 筛; 细查
时态：sifted, sifting, sifts
分布：筛分(68%)，详察(16%)，筛下(16%)
→来自古英语 siftan,筛出，来自 Proto-Germanic*sib,筛，词源同 sieve,seep.引申比喻义筛选，检 查等。
verb transitive
SEPARATE 分离
■to put flour, sugar, etc. through a sieve (= wire net shaped like a bowl) to break up large pieces 筛（面粉、糖等）
• When the cake is cooked, sift some icing sugar over the top of it. 蛋糕做好后，在上面筛上一些糖粉。
[sɪft] verb transitive
EXAMINE 检查
■to make a close examination of all the parts of something in order to find something or to separate what is useful from what is not 仔细检查；筛查
• The police are sifting the evidence very carefully to try and find the guilty person. 员警正在非常仔细地检查证据，试图找出那个罪犯。
• After my father's death, I had to sift through all his papers. 父亲去世后，我必须查看整理他的所有档。
• The police are trying to sift out the genuine warnings from all the hoax calls they have received. 警方试图从他们接到的各种恶作剧电话中分辨出真正的报案电话。
vt. 筛选；撒；过滤；详查
 - dust, filter
vi. 筛；详查；撒下；细究
 - detail survey

Word: capitalize
Front: capitalize
[ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz] (宝 7953/19693 -1)
Vocabulary: capitalize
(once / 2008 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To capitalize is to put something in capital letters, particularly the first letters, Like This. To capitalize also means to take advantage of a situation.
The first word of every sentence is capitalized, and to capitalize is to write in capital (or upper-case) letters. To capitalize also means to take advantage of an opportunity. Graduates try to capitalize on their degrees by getting well-paying jobs. A football team tries to capitalize on the other team’s mistakes, such as making a touchdown after an interception. It might help you to remember that capitalizing is a good thing if you know capital is also another word for money.
WORD FAMILY
capitalize: capitalization, capitalized, capitalizes, capitalizing, overcapitalize+/ capital: capitalise, capitalism, capitalize, capitally, capitals/capitalisation: capitalisations, overcapitalisation/capitalise: capitalisation, capitalised, capitalising, overcapitalise/ capitalism: capitalist, capitalistic/ capitalist: capitalists/capitalistic: capitalistically/ capitalization: capitalizations/overcapitalise: overcapitalising/overcapitalize: overcapitalization, overcapitalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Yellow Jackets struggled badly in the lane, unable to capitalize on 13 offensive rebounds in the first half.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Charles Town’s best approach is to show how they are different to capitalize more of the regional gaming cliental.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lionsgate’s “La La Land,” continued to capitalize on awards buzz.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 用大写字母写或印刷; 使…资本化; 估计…的价值; 把…定为首都
vi. 利用; 积累资本
时态：capitalized, capitalizing, capitalizes
分布：利用(96%)，以大写字母写(2%)，估价(1%)，使 ... 资本化(1%)
US [-tˌəl-] verb
LETTER 字母
transitive
■to write a letter of the alphabet as a capital, or to write the first letter of a word as a capital 用大写字母书写；大写首字母
• The names of political parties are always capitalized, e.g. the Green Party. 政党名称的首字母总是要大写，如 the Green Party。
(UK usually capitalise) UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl.aɪz] US [-tˌəl-] verb
MONEY 资金
transitive often passive
■to supply money to a business so that it can develop or operate as it should 给（企业）提供资金
(UK usually capitalise) UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl.aɪz] US [-tˌəl-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  capitalize on sth
■to use a situation to your own advantage 利用…获益；从…中获利
• She capitalized on her knowledge and experience to get a new and better paid job. 她凭借自己的学识和经验谋求了一份收入更高的新工作。
vi. 利用；积累资本
 - do with, trade on

Word: industrialized
Front: industrialized
[inˈdʌstriəlaizd] (托 7950/13192 -2)
Back: adj. 工业化的
v. 使工业化(industrialize的过去式和过去分词); 将…组成产业
分布：工业化的(95%)，动词industrialize的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
(UK usually industrialised) [ɪn'dʌs.tri.ə.laɪzd] adjective
■having developed a lot of industry 工业化的
• industrialized nations/countries 工业化国家

Word: specific
Front: specific
[spəˈsɪfɪk] (高研四六托雅 979/882 -K4)
Vocabulary: specific
(once / 209 pages)
adjn
If you describe something as specific, you're signaling that you're being precise. Say you ask your friend to meet you at a specific time and place — it means you want to meet her at, say, Ray's Pizza at 3:00 PM, not just anywhere.
Specific also means "detailed and exact." That's the sense of the word that comes into play when a teacher advises you to be as specific as possible. Indeed, specific writing paints a picture. Say your friend Angela lives on a soybean farm in Iowa and takes Claritin for her pollen allergy. That might not be the most interesting fact in the world, but it's a lot more interesting than saying you have a friend who lives in the Midwest and takes medicine for a problem. If the sentence about Angela's pollen allergy is interesting at all, it's because of the specifics.
WORD FAMILY
specific: intraspecific, nonspecific, specifically, specificity, specifics, unspecific+/ specifically: nonspecifically/ specificity: specificities/unspecific: unspecifically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether it’s simple dry skin or a specific skin condition, try these tips:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Parsing the specifics is part of Cousins’s job, how he learns from mistakes and moves on.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
When we get into specific treatments, the evidence is even more scant.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 明确的; 特种的; 具体的; [免疫学]特效的
n. 特效药; 特性; 细节; 显著的性质，特性
分布：明确的(31%)，特殊的(28%)，特效药(15%)，特性(15%)，详情(9%)，具有特效的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 species,种类，类别，-fic,做，制造，词源同 fact,efficient.即关于某一种类的或某 一类别的，引申词义明确的，具体的，特征，细节等。
具体的(speci+fic带来→带来外观的→具体的)[speci=look,kind,表示"外观,种类"]
a.明确的,具体的;特定的,特有的There was no specific plan in my mind.我脑子里没有具体的计划.
adjective
PARTICULAR 特有的
 IMPROVER
■relating to one thing and not others; particular 特定的；特有的
• The virus attacks specific cells in the brain. 这种病毒专门攻击大脑内特定的细胞。
• The money is intended to be used for specific purposes. 这笔钱有特定的用途。
• formal The disease seems to be specific to (= only found in) certain types of plant. 这种病似乎是某些植物所特有的。
• Is there anything specific you want from the shops? 在这些商店里你有甚么特别的东西要买吗？
[spə'sɪf.ɪk] adjective
EXACT 确切的
■clear and exact 明确的；确切的；具体的
• No specific allegations have yet been made about the prison officers' behaviour. 对于典狱官的行为，尚未作出明确的指控。
• Can you be more specific about where your back hurts? 你能不能更具体一点说你的背哪里痛？
specific, explicit, definite, express
这组词都有“明确的”的意思，其区别是：
specific: 强调内容明确，毫不抽象、笼统。
explicit: 指清楚明白，毫不含糊其辞，因而无任何理解困难。
definite: 指对所提到的事的范围及其细节毫无疑问，含有明确和确定界限的意味。
express: 语气较强，较正式，指不但清楚明确，而且含有直截了当和有力等的意思。
peculiar, especial, specific, particular, special, exceptional, extraordinary
这组词都有“特殊的，特别的”的意思，其区别是：
peculiar: 强调指与众不同或独特的意思。
especial: 和special含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。
specific: 着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。
particular: 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。
special: 普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。
exceptional: 指不同于一般，本身是特别的或异常的事物。
extraordinary: 语气比exceptional强，指极大地超过一般或正常情况。
specific, concrete
这组词都有“具体的”的意思，其区别是：
specific: 侧重指具体的细节，是与general(一般)，vague(模糊)相对的具体。
concrete: 指通过感官能看到、听到、触到的具体东西。其反义词是abstract。
adj. 特殊的，特定的；明确的；详细的； [药] 具有特效的
 - precise, strict, decided, detailed, particular
n. 特性；细节；特效药
 - quality, tang, identity, detail, character

Word: cap
Front: cap
[kæp] (中高研四六托 2306/2955 -K3)
Vocabulary: cap
(once / 110 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A cap is a hat that fits snugly on your head. You might wear a bathing cap when you swim, to keep your hair dry.
Many caps don't have brims, while hats often do. You can even describe someone's hair using the word cap: "She has a glossy cap of dark hair." Another kind of cap is a lid: "Put the cap back on the ginger ale or it'll go flat!" And to cap is to limit, as when a school caps the number of students at 500. The root is the Latin word caput, or "head."
WORD FAMILY
cap: capful, capped, capping, caps, recap +/capful: capfuls/capped: uncapped/ recap: recapped, recapping, recaps
USAGE EXAMPLES
It capped what was the best game of Burnett’s career.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Like the last two minutes of NBA games, the Caps’ playoff performance is all we care about.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He might want to invest in a cap.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 盖; 帽子; 军帽; 求交运算
vi. 脱帽致意
vt. 覆盖; 给…戴帽
abbr. Common Agricultural Policy （欧共体）共同农业政策
时态：capped, capping, caps
分布：帽子(52%)，顶(20%)，上限(9%)，覆盖(5%)，脱帽致意(4%)，超过(3%)，盖子(2%)，加盖于(2%)，戴帽(1%)，设限(1%)，完成(1%)
→来自词根cap, 头，词源同chief, captain。此处指头上戴的帽子。
n.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于...顶端The incapable man in cap went into the hospitable capital hospital.戴帽的无能男子走进热情好客的首都医院.
noun countable
HAT 帽子
 IMPROVER
■a soft flat hat which has a curved part sticking out at the front, often worn as part of a uniform （有帽舌的）便帽，制服帽
■a thin hat that stops your hair getting wet when swimming or taking a shower （防水的）帽
• a shower/swimming cap 浴／泳帽
■UK
■a hat given to someone who plays for their national team in a particular sport, or a player who receives this （国家队的）队员帽；（代表国家队参赛的）运动员
• Davis has 17 Scottish caps (= has played for Scotland 17 times). 戴维斯17次代表苏格兰参赛。
• The team contains five international caps. 这支队伍里有五位国际体育比赛选手。
[kæp] noun countable
COVER 盖子
■a small usually protective lid or cover （通常起保护作用的）盖，罩，套，帽
• The camera has a lens cap to protect the lens surface. 相机有镜头盖保护镜头表面。
■an artificial protective covering on a tooth （镶在牙齿外层的）包牙；牙套
[kæp] noun countable
BIRTH CONTROL 节育 UK diaphragm 避孕隔膜，子宫帽
[kæp] noun countable
EXPLOSIVE 炸药
■a very small amount of explosive powder in a paper container, used especially in toy guns to produce a loud noise （尤指玩具枪的）火药帽，火药纸
[kæp] noun countable
LIMIT 限制
■a limit on the amount of money that can be charged or spent in connection with a particular activity 对（收费或花费）定限额，限制
• Central government has imposed a cap on local tax increases. 中央政府对地方税务增长实行了限制。
[kæp] noun countable
go cap in hand to sb
■to ask someone in a polite and sincere way for something, especially money or to be forgiven 恭敬地恳求（某人）给予（钱物）；诚恳地请求（某人）的原谅
[kæp] verb (-pp-)
LIMIT 限制
transitive often passive
■to put a limit on the amount of money that can be charged or spent in connection with a particular activity 对（收费或花费）定限额，限制
• High spending councils have all been (rate/charge) capped. 对开销高的委员会（在经费上）都制订了限度。
• Our mortgage is capped at 8.75% for five years. 我们的按揭贷款五年期的利率上限为8.75%。
[kæp] verb (-pp-)
SPORT 运动
be capped
■to play for your national team in a particular sport 入选国家队参赛
• She's been capped for Scotland nine times. 她九次代表苏格兰队参赛。
[kæp] verb (-pp-)
COVER 盖子
transitive
■to cover the top of something 覆盖某物的顶部
• The mountain was capped with snow. 山顶覆盖著白雪。
• have your teeth capped (= protected with an artificial covering) 替你装上牙套
[kæp] verb (-pp-)
to cap it all
■used when you mention something in addition to all the other (bad) things that have happened 最糟糕的是
• It's been a terrible week and now, to cap it all, I've got a cold. 这一周真是糟透了，更倒楣的是，我现在又得了感冒。
cap, hat
这组词都有“帽子”的意思，其区别是：
cap: 指无边的便帽，呀表示职业的帽子，如运动帽、军帽等。
hat: 指有边的帽子，尤指礼帽。
n. [机] 盖；帽子
 - hat, operculum
vi. 脱帽致意
 - uncap
vt. 覆盖；胜过；给…戴帽；加盖于
 - invest, overcome, house, sheet, roof

Word: bail
Front: bail
[beɪl] (宝 7956/6736 -2)
Vocabulary: bail
(once / 814 pages)
1nv 2v
Bail can be a verb or a noun. When you bail (verb) someone out of jail, you post money, also known as bail (noun), to assure the authorities that person won't try to run away before going to trial.
As a noun, bail means bond money. This comes from the Middle English word bayle, for "captivity." As a verb, the idea of "bailing out" comes from the later word baile, which means “dipping out,” a meaning you can use when you are trying to empty something flooded. If your boat has a leak, you should bail it out (then plug the leak). When you bail, in the colloquial sense, you escape in some way.
WORD FAMILY
bail: bailable, bailed, bailee, bailing, bailment, bailor, bails+/bailee: bailees/bailment: bailments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anderson and Ervin were being held Monday without bail pending an initial court appearance.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They host initial appearances, set bail amounts and handle probable cause hearings in felony cases.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
LIccardo is due in court Tuesday for a bail hearing.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [法律]保释金; 保释人，保释; [板球]三柱门上的横木; （马厩的）栅栏
vt. 保释，帮助脱离困境; 将（财物）委托给…; 往外舀水
时态：bailed, bailing, bails
分布：保释(89%)，往外舀水(3%)，杓(2%)，把手(2%)，保证金(2%)，使摆脱困境(1%)，舀空(1%)
→来自拉丁词bajulus, 持有者，责任者。来自旧时的一种法律规定，如须保释某人出去，须自己进监狱代替保释者作为承诺和责任。
【记】ail读：哎哟（n 小病）－得了病的犯人可以保释外出就医。
noun
MONEY 钱
uncountable
■a sum of money which a person who has been accused of a crime pays to a law court so that they can be released until their trial. The payment is a way of making certain that the person will return to court for trial 保释金
• He was released/remanded on bail (of $100 000). 他在交出（十万美元的）保释金后被放了出来。
• Because of a previous conviction, the judge refused to grant bail (= allow the accused person to be released). 由于嫌犯有前科，法官不准将他保释。
• Her parents have agreed to put up/stand/ US post (= pay) bail for her. 她的父母已同意保释她。
[beɪl] noun
CRICKET 板球
bails [plural]
■the two small pieces of wood on top of the stumps in a game of cricket, which can be knocked off with the ball to make the player who is batting (= hitting the ball) out （板球）三柱门上的横木
[beɪl] verb
REMOVE WATER 除去水 (ALSO UK also bale) intransitive
■to remove water from a boat using a container （从船中）往外舀水
• The boat's sinking! Start bailing quickly! 船在下沉！快往外舀水！
[beɪl] verb
MONEY 钱
transitive
■If someone accused of a crime is bailed, they are released until their trial after paying bail to the court. 保释金
• She was yesterday bailed for three weeks on drink-driving offences. 她在酒后驾驶被捕之后，昨天获准保释三个星期。
• [+ to infinitive] He was bailed to appear at the Magistrates' Court next month. 他获准保释，定于下个月在地方法院出庭。
[beɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bail out (ALSO UK also bale out)
JUMP
■to jump out of an aircraft with a parachute because the aircraft is going to have an accident （因飞机失事）跳伞
• The plane's engine failed and the pilot was forced to bail out. 飞机引擎发生故障，机师被迫跳伞。
STOP mainly US
■to stop doing or being involved with something 放弃，退出
• The actor has bailed out of the film after only three weeks' shooting. 该演员只拍摄了三个星期就退演了。
[beɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bail sth out (ALSO UK also bale sth out)
■to remove water from the bottom of a boat （从船中）往外舀水
[beɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bail sb/sth out (ALSO UK also bale sb out)
■to help a person or organization that is in difficulty, usually by giving or lending them money （通常指在经济上）帮助（某人或机构）脱离困境；金援
• She keeps running up huge debts and asking friends to bail her out. 她不断欠下巨额的债务，最后总是要请朋友们帮忙。
[beɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bail sb out
■to pay money to a court so that someone can be released from prison until their trial 把（某人）保释出来
n. [法] 保释，保释人；保释金；杓
 - mainprise
vt. [法] 保释，帮助某人脱离困境；往外舀水
 - help someone out

Word: dropout
Front: dropout
[ˈdrɒpaʊt] (雅 7969/34260)
Vocabulary: dropout
(once / 7606 pages)
n
A dropout is someone who doesn't finish a project or program, especially school. If you quit high school before you graduate, some people will call you a dropout.
Whenever you quit something, or don't follow through on a commitment, you risk being called a dropout, which is a fairly derogatory term for someone who withdraws, quits, or drops out. If you withdraw from college after one semester, you might jokingly describe yourself as a college dropout. The word dates from about 1930.
WORD FAMILY
dropout: dropouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Kenya, another interactive text message system offering support for teachers helped reduce student dropouts by 50 percent.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Many instead enroll in local colleges with relatively few resources and high dropout rates.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
She said society should rethink their view of these people who are often condemned as "losers" and "dropouts" and instead offer more support.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 辍学者，退学者; <贬>拒绝传统社会的人; 流失生; 流生
分布：退学学生(67%)，拒绝传统社会的人(33%)
→比喻用法。
US ['drɑ:p-] noun countable
■a person who leaves school, college or university before finishing a course, or a person who lives in an unusual way 辍学者，退学者；（与众不同的）怪人
• a high school/college dropout 高中／大学辍学者
• He was a loner and a dropout. 他是个独来独往的怪人。

Word: executive
Front: executive
[ɪgˈzekjətɪv] (研四六托雅 863/1094 -K4)
Vocabulary: executive
(once / 92 pages)
nadj
An executive is a powerful person who is responsible for making things run smoothly. If you become an executive, you might be in charge of an organization, a business, or even an entire country.
The executive of a company has the best office and works on ways to make their business more successful. The Medieval Latin root of executive is exsequi, which means “carry out,” and so an executive carries out plans and actions. Executive is also an adjective that describes having the power to make decisions. The president of the United States is the executive branch of the government and is responsible for executing laws that will improve the country for its citizens.
WORD FAMILY
executive: executively, executives+/executable: executability/executant: executants/ execute: executable, executant, executed, executes, executing, execution, executive, executor / execution: executioner, executions/ executioner: executioners/ executor: executors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beyond education efforts, Brewer created by executive order the first state Ethics Commission.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Such efforts, said Mr. Murphy, the system’s chief executive, will remain “highly relevant” even if the Affordable Care Act is repealed.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Utah’s constitution requires such action to maintain continuation of executive authority in the state.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 总经理; 行政部门; [计算机]执行指令
adj. 执行的; 管理的; 政府部门的
分布：行政部门(42%)，行政主管(20%)，行政的(20%)，经营的(10%)，决策者(4%)，决策的(4%)
n.总经理,董事,行政负责人a.执行的,实施的He had an amusing excuse for executing the executive.对于处决决策人,他有一个可笑的理由.
US [-jə.tˌɪv] noun countable
 IMPROVER (informal exec)
■someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action （尤指商业机构中的）行政主管，经理
• She is now a senior executive, having worked her way up through the company. 她现在是高级行政主管，这是她在公司中一步一脚印爬上来的。
the executive
■the part of a government that is responsible for making certain that laws and decisions are put into action （政府）行政部门
■a group of people who run a business or an organization （公司或组织的）执行委员会，领导阶层
• The executive of the health workers' union accepted the proposed pay increase on behalf of their members. 医疗工会执行委员会代表其会员接受了加薪的提议。
UK [ɪg'zek.jʊ.tɪv] US [-jə.tˌɪv] adjective [before noun]
■relating to making decisions and managing businesses, or suitable for people with important jobs in business 决策的，管理的；给重要的人使用的
• His executive skills will be very useful to the company. 他的管理能力对公司将会非常有用。
• executive cars 豪华汽车
• an executive suite 贵宾套房
adj. [计] 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的
 - administrative, front-office
n. 经理；执行委员会； [计] 执行者；经理主管人员
 - manager, gerente

Word: deliberation
Front: deliberation
[dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn] (7957/8476 -1)
Vocabulary: deliberation
(once / 692 pages)
n
The process of carefully considering what to do is called deliberation, like your deliberation before making one of the most important decisions in your life.
The noun deliberation comes from the Latin word deliberare, meaning “weigh,” or “consider well.” Whenever a person or group needs to work through all of the possible solutions to a problem, this is deliberation. Something that is deliberate is done on purpose, not by chance or accident — deliberation carries this same spirit, in that it is a carefully thought-out process of making a decision.
WORD FAMILY
deliberation: deliberations+/ deliberate: deliberated, deliberately, deliberateness, deliberates, deliberating, deliberatingly, deliberation, deliberative/deliberative: deliberatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
His two-hour confession to the FBI seemed key to jurors’ deliberation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The panelists are scheduled to resume deliberations Thursday, the fourth day, in U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Maui County Prosecutor John Kim declined to comment until jurors are done with the second phase of deliberations.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 考虑，深思熟虑; 评议，审议; （言语、行动等的）从容; 沉着，慎重
分布：审议(68%)，从容(18%)，熟虑(14%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-liber, 秤，称量，词源同Libra,equilibrium.即反复称量的，审慎。
noun
DISCUSSION 讨论
countable or uncountable formal
■considering or discussing something 考虑；讨论
• After much deliberation, she decided to accept their offer. 经过反覆考虑，她决定接受他们的报价。
• After five days of deliberations, the jury decided on a verdict. 经过五天的讨论，陪审团作出了判决。
[dɪˌlɪb.ə'reɪ.ʃən] noun
CAREFUL 仔细
uncountable
■when something is done slowly and carefully 从容；审慎
• Slowly and with deliberation she turned to me and told me to get out. 她不慌不忙地转过身来叫我出去。
n. 审议；考虑；从容；熟思
 - consideration of, leisureliness

Word: podium
Front: podium
[ˈpəʊdiəm] (宝 7960/19520 -1)
Vocabulary: podium
(once / 3058 pages)
n
A podium is a raised platform like the kind Olympians stand on when they win a medal or like the overturned crate in the garage where you pretend to accept your Academy Award.
Stepping up to a podium means taking center stage. A person might be receiving an honor or giving a speech and the added height of a podium makes that person the focus. If you wave a baton as the conductor of an orchestra or band, you'll need to stand on a podium so the musicians can see you. And, if you deliver a rousing message in a church you might use a podium, but probably shouldn't be waving a baton.
WORD ROUTES
Owning the Podium (and the Lectern)
An oft-heard word of the Olympics is podium, the raised platform where medalists stand. As I wrote about recently for The New York Times Magazine, during the Olympics podium even gets used as a verb, as in "The Canadian alpine skiers failed to podium." The verbing of podium bothers a lot of people, but the noun presents problems too. Away from the Olympics, podium often gets conflated with another word, lectern.
The traditional meaning of podium is the one we hear at Olympics time: "a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it." It's where Olympians want to be, obviously, when the medals are being awarded. Hence the hopeful Canadian slogan, "Own the Podium." The goal of the Own the Podium movement was to have Canada place first in the medals count in the Vancouver Games. Sadly for them, the Canadians have underperformed on their home turf, leading to snarky responses like that of Pete McMartin (a Vancouver Sun columnist writing for the Seattle Times): "We now call it Blown The Podium. Or Own the Odium."
It's pretty clear what podium (either the noun or the verb) means in the Winter Olympics. But consider the opening of this article on the news site Politico about the health care summit organized by President Obama:
The GOP's first demand for Thursday's health care summit was simple.
No podium.
Does that mean the Republicans didn't want Obama to be speaking from a raised platform? Read on:
They wanted the six-hour talks to take place around a table with House and Senate members sitting at the same height as President Barack Obama, according to a senior Senate GOP aide.
"We don't want any more of that Professor Obama lecturing to us stuff," said one staffer, speaking on condition of anonymity. Another aide circulated pictures of Obama speaking at various events using his favorite platform, an elevated lectern perched above an audience of upraised, adoring faces.
So podium here is being equated with a "platform," but also with "an elevated lectern" — something that Obama would stand behind, rather than be seated on. The caption for the accompanying photo makes the "lectern" meaning even clearer: "Republicans want President Obama to address them not from behind a podium, but from a table where all participants can be at the same height."
The use of podium to mean the same thing as lectern (i.e., "a desk or stand with a slanted top used to hold a text at the proper height for a lecturer") has been a popular peeve since the early '60s. In a 1961 article for Communication Quarterly, Frank E.X. Dance wrote, "In any given class period a teacher of speech might refer to a podium, a rostrum, or a lectern, each time having in mind the wooden or metal object upon which a speaker may rest his notes, or behind which this same speaker may hide his quivering knees." That same year, Webster's Third New International Dictionary made note of the newly ambiguous usage by giving "lectern" as one of the definitions of podium.
When Webster's Third included this sense without comment, it was "rebuked by a usage commentator or two," according to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage. MWDEU further observes that the "lectern" meaning of podium has been "a favorite bugbear of the journalistic commentators." The podium/lectern distinction continues to be upheld by usage experts like Paul Brians and Kenneth G. Wilson. Bryan Garner, in his Modern American Usage, states that the "lectern" sense, "once widely condemned as a misuse, has become commonplace. But careful writers should avoid it." Garner places the usage at Stage 4 of 5 on his Language-Change Index, meaning (as he told us in a recent interview) that it has become "all but ubiquitous," accepted by everyone but the "snoots" (to use David Foster Wallace's memorable term).
The anti-snoot contingent argues that there is little chance for confusion: if an Olympic medalist is "standing on a podium," then that's clearly the "raised platform" meaning, but if Obama is "standing behind a podium," then it's the "lectern" meaning. Still, without contextual clues like a preceding preposition (on vs. behind), I see a slight potential for misunderstanding. When I first read the Politico article quoted above, I wasn't exactly sure which structure the Republicans were objecting to. As it happens, they didn't want Obama speaking on an elevated platform or from behind a lectern, so that would seem to cover both senses of podium simultaneously. In such cases where the ambiguity is difficult to resolve, it's probably best to keep the old podium/lectern distinction firmly in place.
WORD FAMILY
podium: podia, podiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is one of the greatest days of my life,” he proclaimed from the podium, with eyes swollen and red from shedding tears.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Opposition lawmakers, seeing an attack on democratic freedom, occupied the area around the speaker’s podium in parliament, blocking work on legislation.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
We started the night on a revolving podium and the leads kept getting tangled up.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 表演台; 讲台; 乐队指挥台; 领奖台
分布：讲台(90%)，矮墙(6%)，建筑物的墩座(4%)
→pod-,足，脚，-ium,表地点。即站脚的地方，引申词义讲台，讲坛。
【记】pod脚，ium地方－脚站的地方－讲坛；乐队指挥台
US ['poʊ-] (plural podiums or podia)
noun countable
■a raised area on which a person stands to speak to a large number of people, to conduct music, or to receive a prize in a sports competition 演讲台；乐队指挥台；领奖台
• Tears ran down her face as she stood on the winner's podium. 她站在领奖台上时泪水顺着她的脸庞流了下来。
n. [交] 乐队指挥台；矮墙； [建] 墩座墙
 - sunk fence

Word: novelty
Front: novelty
[ˈnɒvlti] (研六托雅宝 7961/7558 -1)
Vocabulary: novelty
(once / 587 pages)
1n 2n
Novelty is a newness or refreshing quality. Many college freshmen enjoy the novelty of living on their own — until it comes time to do that first load of laundry.
You'll often hear people talk about the novelty of a new experience — imagine the excitement and anticipation of cracking open a novel you’ve never read before to help remember the word. But novelty is also a term for a small toy or trinket, usually mass-produced. Novelty shops sell all kinds of funny knickknacks, from personalized flashlight key chains to stuffed singing hamsters.
WORD FAMILY
novelty: novelties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The novelty of the first three movements is incredible. Beethoven was creating the stage for the future.”
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The first cocktail fashions reflected the gaiety and novelty of coed drinking.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Black Lips, Novelty Daughter, Lettuce and more pop and rock concerts.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 新奇; 新奇的事物; 新颖小巧而价廉的物品
分布：新奇的经验(67%)，小装饰(33%)
→来自拉丁语novus,新的，词源同new,-ty,名词后缀。引申词义新奇，新颖。
新奇事情(novel+ty)[nov=new,表示"新的"]
新奇(novel新的)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
n.新奇,新颖,新奇的事物Hard to imagine that cars were a novelty in 1900.很难想象1900年的时候, 汽车是件新奇的东西.
【记】源于：novel（n 小说；adj 新奇的）
【参】nova（n 新星）
【反】banal（adj 平凡陈腐的）；timeworn（adj 陈旧的）
US ['nɑ:.vəl.tˌi] noun
uncountable
■the quality of being new and unusual 新颖，新奇
• The novelty of these toys soon wore off and the children became bored with them. 孩子们对这些玩具的新鲜感很快就消失了，开始厌倦起来。
• In Britain in the 1950s, television had a novelty value. 在20世纪50年代的英国，电视机曾经是一种新奇的事物。
countable
■something which has not been experienced before and so is interesting 新奇的事物
• Tourists are still a novelty on this remote island. 鲜有游客造访这偏僻的岛屿。
countable
■a cheap unusual object such as a small toy, often given as a present （常作为礼物赠送的）新奇廉价的物品
• A Christmas cracker usually contains a paper hat, a joke and a novelty. 圣诞节彩包爆竹中通常装有纸帽、笑话和新颖的小玩意儿。
• a novelty item 新奇的小物件
n. 新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品
 - newness, originality

Word: hoop
Front: hoop
[hu:p] (宝 7962/11838 -1)
Vocabulary: hoop
(once / 1286 pages)
nv
A hoop is a ring or circle made of some stiff material. Gardeners use hoops to support plants, and many people wear hoops around their wrists as bracelets.
You can try to toss a basketball through a hoop, wear gold hoops as earrings, or sport an old fashioned hoop skirt, a flexible band that widens a petticoat and the skirt covering it. You can also rotate and spin a hula hoop around your body for fun. If your boss makes you "jump through hoops" at work, it means she requires you to complete difficult, possibly unnecessary, tasks.
WORD FAMILY
hoop: hooped, hooping, hoops
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But there are still a lot of hoops to jump through, a lot of hurdles to get over.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He is a revered coach on a reservation where hoops are a cousin to religion.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Old Mill hit its free throws down the stretch for a 58-54 win in the final of the Waldorf Holiday Hoops Classic.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 箍; 铁环; 呼呼声
vt. 加箍于; 包围
vi. 唬唬地叫，发呼呼声
时态：hooped, hooping, hoops
分布：箍(53%)，铁环(16%)，包围(10%)，加箍于(6%)，呼呼声(6%)，发呼呼声(6%)，裙撑(3%)
→来自古英语hop,环形物体，来自Proto-Germanic*hopa,弯，转，弧，来自kab,弯，转，词源同cubit,cup,cooper.引申词义箍，环。
noun countable
■a ring of wood, metal or plastic, or sometimes a half ring 环；圈；半圈
• The dogs had been trained to jump through hoops. 这些狗受过跳圈圈训练。
■(also hoop earring)
■a ring-shaped earring (= a piece of jewellery which hangs from the ear) 圆形耳环
• She was wearing large gold hoops in her ears. 她耳朵上戴着一副大大的金耳环。
[hu:p] noun countable
go/jump through hoops
■to do a lot of difficult things before you are allowed to have or do something you want 经历磨难
n. [建] 箍；铁环；呼呼声
 - burr
vt. 加箍于；包围
 - invest, case

Word: outset
Front: outset
[ˈaʊtset] (研四六托雅宝 7964/5658 -2)
Back: n. 开始，开端
分布：开始(94%)，开端(6%)
→out-,向外，set,建立，开始。
n.开始,开端At the outset this set of setting settled the offset problem of the kettle.在开始,这一套设置解决了水壶的弥补问题.
【记】源于：set out（开始；出发）
PHRASE
在开始时/ 从一开始
If something happens at the outset of an event, process, or period of time, it happens at the beginning of it. If something happens from the outset it happens from the beginning and continues to happen.
例：Decide at the outset what kind of learning programme you want to follow...开始时就选定自己的学习方案。
例：From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend.他从一开始就很信任我这个他老朋友的儿子。
n. 开始；开端
 - beginning, threshold, opening, conception, origin

Word: martial
Front: martial
[ˈmɑ:ʃl] (雅宝 7965/8789 -2)
Vocabulary: martial
(once / 879 pages)
adj
An adjective referring to the military, the word martial adds a warlike tone to any noun it describes.
The word martial derives from Mars, the Roman god of war. It refers to almost much anything military, including "martial law," in which the government orders the military to administer the law. The word definitely makes one think of fighting, as in the physical discipline known as the martial arts. But there is a lighter side to the word, too. Martial music, usually associated with the military, is usually bright and inspiring.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
marital / martial
Marital and martial look almost alike, but the only time they overlap is when you declare war on your spouse. Marital has to do with marriage, and martial is concerned with fighting.
Marital comes from the word marriage. It means either related to marriage or to a husband and his role in a marriage (usually the first). It comes from the Latin marītalis, used to describe something belonging to married people. Although it's not very romantic, being married is a legal status, so the word marital shows up in court all the time:
New Hampshire's House plans to investigate whether grounds exist to impeach a marital master, a court officer that handles family court cases. (Boston Globe)
Overall, the pre-marital contract can prevent a bad divorce experience. (FiGuide.com)
On the other fist, martial is related to war; related to the profession of war; or the characteristics of a warrior. These meanings come from the Latin martialis, which is from Mars, the Roman god of war. Martial law is when the military takes over, and a martial art is something like karate or judo, as in these examples from the news:
Last week Bahrain called in troops from its fellow Sunni-ruled neighbours, declared martial law and launched a crackdown that drove the protesters from the streets. (Reuters)
An off-duty Houston police officer used a martial arts move to kill a man who had asked a bartender for her telephone number. (Houston Chronicle)
With marital, remember the connection to marriage in sound and spelling: mari- and marri-. When looking at martial, think of Martians from Mars, the Roman god of war. People in divorce court like to move the "i" to the other side of the "t."
WORD FAMILY
martial: martially
USAGE EXAMPLES
The death rate declined, but football did not lose its martial character.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Other major figures in mixed martial arts disagree.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
That’s the rub with Cruz, because he’s already thought hard about his life after mixed martial arts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 军事的; 战争的; 尚武的，好战的; 战神玛尔斯的
分布：战争的(45%)，军事的(38%)，好战的(17%)
→来自拉丁语martialis,与战神Mars相关的。引申词义战斗的，武术的。
【记】源于：Mars（n 火星；战神）
US ['mɑ:r-] adjective
■relating to soldiers, war or life in the armed forces 军队的；战争的；军事的
adj. 军事的；战争的；尚武的
 - military, warlike

Word: brightness
Front: brightness
['braɪtnəs] (六 7963/10144)
Back: n. 亮度; 明亮; 光泽度; 灯火通明
分布：光亮(45%)，明亮(43%)，聪明(12%)
光明(bright光明的)[-ness表名词"性质,状态,"通常加在形容词后面]
ADJ-GRADED
（颜色）鲜艳的，明亮的
A bright colour is strong and noticeable, and not dark.
例：...a bright red dress.鲜红的连衣裙
例：...the bright uniforms of the guards parading at Buckingham Palace.参加白金汉宫阅兵式的卫兵们色彩鲜艳的制服
ADJ-GRADED
（光线）充足的，明亮的
A bright light, object, or place is shining strongly or is full of light.
例：...a bright October day...10月的一天，天气晴朗
例：She leaned forward, her eyes bright with excitement.她身体前倾，眼里闪动着兴奋的光芒。
ADJ-GRADED
聪明的；伶俐的
If you describe someone as bright, you mean that they are quick at learning things.
例：I was convinced that he was brighter than average.我确信他比一般人聪明。
ADJ-GRADED
（主意）聪明的，巧妙的
A bright idea is clever and original.
例：There are lots of books crammed with bright ideas...许多书里都有很多绝妙的想法。
例：Ford had the bright idea of paying workers enough to buy cars.福特公司想出了付给工人足够的薪水去购买汽车这一绝妙的主意。
ADJ-GRADED
快乐的；活泼的；开朗的
If someone looks or sounds bright, they look or sound cheerful and lively.
例：The boy was so bright and animated...这个男孩活泼开朗，充满活力。
例：'May I help you?' said a bright American voice over the telephone.“请问您需要什么帮助？”电话里传出一个充满活力的美国人的声音。
ADJ-GRADED
（未来）光明的，有希望的
If the future is bright, it is likely to be pleasant or successful.
例：Both had successful careers and the future looked bright...两个人都事业有成，前程似锦。
例：There are much brighter prospects for a comprehensive settlement than before.综合性的社区具有比以前更加光明的前景。
N-COUNT
（汽车或其他车辆）打开的前灯
The brights on a car or other vehicle are the headlights when they are switched on fully.
PHRASE
看光明的一面；抱乐观态度
If you look on the bright side, you try to be cheerful about a bad situation by thinking of some advantages that could result from it, or thinking that it is not as bad as it could have been.
n. [光] [天] 亮度；聪明，活泼；鲜艳；愉快
 - intensity, sunshine, animation

Word: repay
Front: repay
[rɪˈpeɪ] (研六 7971/5271 -2)
Vocabulary: repay
(once / 403 pages)
v
When you give someone money that you owe them, you repay them. A bank may loan you money to buy a new car, but you'll have to repay the money, plus interest.
You might repay a bank loan, or repay your brother the dollar you borrowed last week. You can also repay things other than money: "How will I ever repay your kindness and support?" Repay comes from the French repaier, with its "back" prefix re- and payer, "to pay."
WORD FAMILY
repay: repaid, repayable, repaying, repayment, repays+/nonpayment: nonpayments/overpay: overpaid, overpaying, overpayment, overpays/overpayment: overpayments/ pay: overpay, payable, payee, payer, paying, payment, pays, prepay, repay, underpay/payable: payables/ payee: payees/payer: payers/paying: non-paying, payingest/ payment: nonpayment, payments/prepay: prepaying, prepayment, prepays/prepayment: prepayments/repayment: repayments/underpay: underpaid, underpaying, underpayment, underpays/underpayment: underpayments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under California law, each of those parties on the supply chain is initially listed as being responsible to help repay the lost wages.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Perhaps Mr. Obama wanted to repay Mr. Reid for blocking so much GOP legislation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
To the point where we can’t really afford to repay you.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 偿还; 付还; 报答; 酬报
vi. 偿还，补偿
时态：repaid, repaying, repays
分布：偿还(76%)，报答(22%)，还钱给(2%)
→re-,向后，往回，pay,支付。
v.偿还,报答When will you repay him the money?你打算什么时候还他钱?
(repaid, repaid)
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to pay back or to reward someone or something 付还，偿还；酬报，报答
• He had to sell his car to repay the bank loan. 他不得不卖了车还银行贷款。
• She repaid the loan to her mother. 她还了从妈妈那里借的钱。
• [+ two objects] She repaid her mother the loan. 她还了从妈妈手里借的钱。
• How can I ever repay you for all your kindness? 你对我这么好，我怎么才能报答你呢？
[rɪ'peɪ] (repaid, repaid)
verb transitive
repay your effort/time/attention, etc. mainly UK
■If an activity, book, etc. repays your effort/time/attention, etc., it is worth the effort or time, etc. that you spend on it 值得花心机／时间／精神去做某事
• You should read this article - it would repay your time. 你应该读这篇文章，确实不虚一读。
• If you think of these children growing into adults who enjoy and appreciate classical music, then that repays our effort. 只要想到这些孩子长大成人后会鉴赏玩味古典音乐的话，我们的努力就显然没有白费了。
vi. 偿还；报答；报复
 - return, make the payments
vt. 回报；报复；付还
 - get back on, get even with

Word: irresponsible
Front: irresponsible
[ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl] (托 7972/9494 -1)
Vocabulary: irresponsible
(once / 1233 pages)
adj
If you're irresponsible, you're careless about the consequences of your actions. You can't really rely on irresponsible people.
Being irresponsible is the opposite of being responsible and careful — you do what you like and don't care what happens afterward. Forgetting to feed your dog for a week is irresponsible. Splashing around in a mud puddle in your new white pants is irresponsible. Drug use and unsafe sex are irresponsible. When the government runs up a huge deficit, many people think that's irresponsible. If you have to work with someone irresponsible, good luck: you're going to need it.
WORD FAMILY
irresponsible: irresponsibility, irresponsibleness, irresponsibly+/ irresponsibility: irresponsibilities/ responsibility: responsibilities/ responsible: irresponsible, responsibility, responsibleness, responsibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I let them think I was an absentminded and irresponsible pre-teen.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“While we reserve the right to respond, we will not drop to this level of irresponsible diplomacy,” the statement said.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Putin on Friday accused the United States of engaging in “irresponsible ‘kitchen’ diplomacy” and said Russia would retain its “right to retaliate.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不负责任的; 不可靠的，缺乏责任心; [法律] 无责任能力的; 无需对更高一级权力负责的
n. 没有责任感的人; [法律] 无责任能力的人; 不被列入考虑的人
分布：不负责任的(96%)，不可靠的(3%)，没有承担能力的(1%)
→ir-,不，非，responsible,负责任的。
US [-'spɑ:nt-] disapproving
adjective
■not thinking carefully enough or not worrying about what might result from actions taken 不负责任的，无责任感的
• [+ to infinitive] It would be irresponsible to ignore these warnings. 无视这些警告是不负责任的。
adj. 不负责任的；不可靠的
 - unreliable, trustless

Word: schooling
Front: schooling
[ˈsku:lɪŋ] (7968/7173 -1)
Back: n. 学校教育; 通过经历或体验获得的教育; 学费; 训练
vt. 教育(school的ing形式); 训练
分布：学校教育(71%)，学费(16%)，训练(12%)，动词school的现在分词形式.(1%)
noun uncountable
■education at school 学校教育
• Jack didn't receive much formal schooling. 杰克没有受过太多正规的学校教育。
n. 学校教育；学费
 - tuition fees, tuition (fee)
v. 教育（school的ing形式）；培养
 - cultivating

Word: grouping
Front: grouping
[ˈgru:pɪŋ] (7975/5171 -1)
Back: n. 归类，编组（工作）; 分组
v. 使成群，集合( group的现在分词); 分类，归类
分布：归类(53%)，编组(41%)，动词group的现在分词.(6%)
noun countable
■several people or things when they have been arranged into a group or are being considered as a group 分成组（或类）的人（或物）；小团体；小圈子
• political groupings 政治团体
n. [经管] 分组，分类
 - classification, category, breakdown
v. [经管] 分组（group的现在分词）
 - tranching

Word: neon
Front: neon
[ˈni:ɒn] (托 7977/12646 -1)
Vocabulary: neon
(once / 7776 pages)
n
Neon is a gas that’s often used to light up signs. Neon signs are made with tubes filled with the glowing gas. Neon also describes really bright colors that appear to glow, like a punk rocker’s neon orange Mohawk.
The element neon was discovered in 1898 when British chemists chilled air until it became liquid, and then separated the gases it gave off when it was heated. Neon can glow bright red, so it's often used in fluorescent signs and lights. In Greek, neon is a form of the word "new." For neon signs that aren’t so new, there’s the Neon Museum in Las Vegas where the glowing giants go to die.
WORD FAMILY
neon: neons
USAGE EXAMPLES
For years he clogged the highways with neon yellow billboards promising to help people get what they deserved from the government.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Huge neon arrows and signs hang from trees in the driveway.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
L.A. helps Havana's vintage neon signs glow again: 'It marks a new era, a return of the light, of hope'
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <化>氖; 霓虹灯
分布：霓虹灯(73%)，氖(27%)
→发现于1898年，来自希腊语neos,新的，因其为当时的新化学元素而得名。
US [-ɑ:n] noun uncountable
■a colourless gas which has no smell, does not react with other chemicals, and shines red when an electric current goes through it 氖，氖气
• a neon light/sign 霓虹灯／霓虹灯广告牌

Word: flooding
Front: flooding
[flʌdɪŋ] (7970/8534)
Back: n. 泛滥; [化]溢流; [医]血崩; 产后出血
v. 淹没(flood的现在分词); 充满; 溢出
分布：泛滥(87%)，泛滥的(10%)，动词flood的现在分词形式.(3%)
noun uncountable
■when an area is covered with water, especially from rain 洪水（尤指因降雨所致）
• Some roads have been closed because of flooding. 由于洪水，一些道路已经封闭了。
n. 泛滥；产后出血
 - fresh, flow

Word: pastel
Front: pastel
[ˈpæstl] (托宝 7966/13146 -1)
Vocabulary: pastel
(once / 7247 pages)
nadj
A pastel is a soft, pale color. If your favorite shades are light blue and pale pink, you can say that you prefer pastels.
Pastel is also an adjective describing a soft color, like a pastel shade of green or a pastel lavender dress. Another kind of pastel is the artist's crayon made of powdered pigments bound together in a solid stick, which produce soft, blended colors. Starting in the late 1800s, pastel was used to mean "soft shade" as well as "soft art medium." In French, pastel means "crayon."
WORD FAMILY
pastel: pastel-colored, pastelly, pastels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city’s streets are endlessly entertaining: pastel facades, open windows revealing domestic scenes, and almost no cars.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Many of the island's 60,000 residents live in limestone cottages painted in pastel colours of a design familiar from British towns or villages.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Perched on a cliff overlooking the Pacific, the pastel pink Los Flamingos is one of Acapulco’s oldest and best-known establishments.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 彩色粉笔，粉蜡笔; 彩色粉笔画，蜡笔画; 轻淡柔和的色彩
adj. 彩色粉笔画的; 蜡笔画的; （色彩）淡的，柔和的
分布：彩色粉笔画(30%)，蜡笔画(24%)，彩色粉笔(22%)，清淡柔和的(18%)，粉蜡(6%)
→来自paste,面团，-el,小词后缀。即小面团，后用于指揉成面团的颜料，彩色粉笔，蜡笔。
【记】paste（n 浆糊），l－用l捣成糊状物制成粉笔－彩色粉笔画
【参】toothpaste（n 牙膏）；pastiche（n 集成曲）
US [pæs'tel] noun
MATERIAL 材料
countable or uncountable
■a colouring material which can be powdery or slightly shiny and is usually in the shape of a small stick, or a picture made by using this 彩色蜡笔；彩色粉笔
• Do you like working with pastels/in pastel? 你喜欢用彩色蜡笔画画吗？
• The show includes eighty-five paintings, pastels and sculptures. 此次展出包括85件油画、蜡笔画和雕塑作品。
UK ['pæs.təl] US [pæs'tel] noun
COLOUR 颜色
countable
■a colour that is pale and soft 淡而柔和的色彩
UK ['pæs.təl] US [pæs'tel] adjective [before noun]
■having a pale soft colour 浅淡色的，颜色柔和的
• Their house is decorated in pastel shades. 他们房子的装饰色调轻柔淡雅。
adj. 柔和的；彩色蜡笔的，粉蜡笔的
 - female, delicate

Word: prop
Front: prop
[prɒp] (托宝 5845/6444 -2)
Vocabulary: prop
(once / 612 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A prop is something you use as a support, like a broom that serves as a prop to hold a door open. A prop is also something that goes on stage, like a garbage can in a Beckett play.
When you use a prop, you can say you prop something, or prop it up: "Here, prop your blanket fort up with this chair." This handy word also means "a moveable object used on the set of a movie or play." If you get a film job as a prop master, you'll be in charge of placing props in the correct spot before a scene is shot. This theatrical meaning is actually a shortened form of properties.
WORD FAMILY
prop: propped, propping, props
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some, like General Motors Co. and railroad CSX Corp., borrowed to prop up pension plans.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
A few hours in, Mills chatted with Lindsey Jacobs, his on-set dresser—the person who wrangled the furniture and the props.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Ted Turner bought the film library, which left the studio grounds and all its holdings, including props, costumes, scripts and ephemera.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 支柱，支撑物; 支持者，后盾，靠山; 道具; （橄榄球中的）支柱前锋
vt. 支撑，支持，维持; 使倚靠在某物上
时态：propped, propping, props
分布：支撑(38%)，支柱(24%)，道具(21%)，维持(6%)，支持者(5%)，推进器(3%)，螺旋桨(2%)，倚靠人(1%)
→来自中古荷兰语proppe,葡萄藤蔓支撑架，支撑，词源不详。可能来自拉丁语propago,放置，固定，来自pro-,向前，-pag,固定，词源同page,compact.
【记】pro前，p屁：前面也有屁股，怎么样都可以靠！
US [prɑ:p] verb transitive + adverb or preposition (-pp-)
■to support something physically, often by leaning it against something else or putting something under it 支撑；支持
• I propped my bike (up) against the wall. 我把自行车靠在墙上。
• She was sitting at the desk with her chin propped on her hands. 她双手托着下巴坐在书桌旁。
• This window keeps on closing - I'll have to prop it open with something. 这扇窗老是开了又关——我得用甚么东西撑着不让它关上。
UK [prɒp] US [prɑ:p] verb transitive + adverb or preposition (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] prop sth up
■to lift and give support to something by putting something under it 支撑，撑住
• He was sitting upright in his hospital bed, propped up by pillows. 他靠着枕头，直挺挺地坐在医院的病床上。
• There were the usual bunch of drinkers propped up at (= leaning against) the bar. 有一群常客斜靠在吧台上。
■to give support to something, especially a country or organization, so that it can continue to exist in a difficult situation 支持，维持
• How long is the government likely to survive without the US military force there to prop it up? 没有美国的军事力量在那里支撑，那个政府还能维持多久？
UK [prɒp] US [prɑ:p] noun
FILM/THEATRE 电影／戏剧
countable usually plural
■an object used by the actors performing in a play or film 道具
• The set is minimal and the only props used in the show are a table, a chair and a glass of water. 布景极其简单，剧中所用的道具只有一张桌子、一把椅子和一杯水。
UK [prɒp] US [prɑ:p] noun
AIRCRAFT/SHIP 飞机／轮船
countable informal for
■ propeller
UK [prɒp] US [prɑ:p] noun
SUPPORT 支持
countable
■an object which is used to support something by holding it up 支撑物
• I need some sort of a prop to keep the washing line up. 我需要一个东西来撑起晾衣绳。
• figurative A lot of people use cigarettes as a sort of social prop (= to make them feel more confident). 许多人抽烟是为了使自己感觉更有自信。
(also prop forward)
■a player in a rugby team who is large and strong, and who supports the scrum 支柱前锋（橄榄球队球员，该球员体壮有力，可支援并列争球）
vt. 支撑；维持
 - maintain, support, uphold, sustain
n. [矿业] 支柱；支持者
 - leg, backbone, stay, advocate, mainstay

Word: jeopardize
Front: jeopardize
[ˈdʒepədaɪz] (六宝 7976/15411 -1)
Vocabulary: jeopardize
(once / 3496 pages)
v
Jeopardize means to put at risk or pose a threat. Jeopardize your career by posting silly pictures of yourself on Facebook. Jeopardize your friendships by posting silly pictures of your friends on Facebook.
Jeopardize stems from the Old French jeu parti, which literally translates to a game with divided, or even, chances. An even chance of winning hardly seems a risky endeavor, but maybe our forefathers weren't big risk-takers. Whatever the reason, jeopardize has come to mean the act of putting yourself or something at risk, through circumstance or behavior. Think of double-jeopardy on the gameshow "Jeopardy" and you'll better understand what it means to jeopardize your savings.
WORD FAMILY
jeopardize: jeopardized, jeopardizes, jeopardizing+/jeopardise: jeopardised, jeopardises, jeopardising/ jeopardy: jeopardies, jeopardise, jeopardize
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shipping industry began putting pressure on western governments to tackle the problem as it was jeopardizing a valuable trade route.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The arrest received international media attention, and seemed for a brief time to jeopardize Michael’s stature as a top recording artist.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The committee said it did not conduct witness interviews, to avoid jeopardizing any future trial of Mr. Snowden.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 危及，损害; 使陷入险境或受伤; 使…遇险
时态：jeopardized, jeopardizing, jeopardizes
分布：危及(76%)，影响(22%)，使处于危险境地(2%)
→来自jeopardy,危害，-ize,使。即使危害，伤及。
危害(jeopard危害+ize)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
US [-ɚ-] verb transitive
■to put something such as a plan or system in danger of being harmed or damaged 使处于危险境地；危及，损害
• She knew that by failing her exams she could jeopardize her whole future. 她知道考试不及格会影响自己整个未来的前途。
vt. 危害；使陷危地；使受危困
 - harm, compromise

Word: chili
Front: chili
[ˈtʃɪli] (7978/35692)
Back: n. 红辣椒
分布：辣椒(97%)，红番椒(3%)
→来自南美土著语言，常与南美国家Chile混为一谈。
n. 红辣椒，辣椒
 - red pepper, capsicum

Word: subscribe
Front: subscribe
[səbˈskraɪb] (高研六雅宝 7979/6864 -1)
Vocabulary: subscribe
(once / 176 pages)
v
If you subscribe to something, you sign up to receive it regularly. If you subscribe to the New York Times, it's delivered to your door every morning or you get online access.
When you subscribe to a belief, you adopt it as your own. You might subscribe to the notion that children should be seen and not heard, or you might wholeheartedly subscribe to your town's proposal to save the wetlands. A less common use of subscribe is to sign your name on something, reflecting the origin of the word, which comes from the Latin subscribere, "to write below," that is, to sign at the bottom of a document.
WORD FAMILY
subscribe: subscribed, subscriber, subscribes, subscribing, subscription +/subscribed: oversubscribed/subscriber: subscribers/ subscription: subscriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reports at the time cited Inada as saying she was unaware of his status and did not subscribe to neo-Nazi ideology.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
More than two dozen newly subscribed customers will receive boxes containing sample personal care and beauty products.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Even some of Trump's campaign advisers — including Larry Kudlow, a potential pick to lead the Council of Economic Advisers — subscribe to more traditional GOP views.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 认捐，捐赠; 签署，题词，署名; 认购; 订阅，订购
时态：subscribed, subscribing, subscribes
分布：订阅(88%)，同意(5%)，支持(3%)，签名(3%)，捐赠(1%)
→sub-,在下，-scrib,写，词源同 scribe,script.即在合同下面签字，引申诸相关词义。
捐献,订购(sub+scribe写→在下面写上名字→订购)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
订阅;认购(sub在下面+scribe→在下面写上名字→签订单)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
vi.(to)订阅,订购;同意vt.捐助,赞助The subtle subscriber found the prescription manuscript.敏锐的认购者找到处方原稿.
【记】sub下面，scribe写－写下订单－订购
verb intransitive or transitive
■to pay money to an organization in order to receive a product, use a service regularly or support the organization 订阅，订购（产品）；（为某项服务）定期付费；定期捐助
• She subscribes to several women's magazines. 她订阅了几本女性杂志。
• I subscribe £10 a month to the charity. 我每个月向慈善团体捐助十英镑。
■specialized
■to offer to buy something or pay an amount for something as part of your business activities 认购
• Existing shareholders subscribed to only 49% of the new share issue. 现有股东只认购了新股的49%。
[səb'skraɪb] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  subscribe to sth
■to agree with or support an opinion, belief or theory 赞同，支持（观点、信仰、理论等）
• Frank subscribed firmly to the belief that human kindness would overcome evil. 法兰克坚信人类的善良能够战胜邪恶。
approve, consent, subscribe, comply, agree
这组词都有“同意、赞同”的意思，其区别是：
approve: 侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示赞同或批准。作不及物动词用时，常与of连用。
consent: 指同意别人的请求、建议或满足他人的愿望，着重意愿或感情，常和to连用。
subscribe: 指完全地赞成已阐明的立场。多用于比较愿意支持一种立场或为一种立场所辨护的情况。
comply: 指答应某人已经提出或可能要求做的某事，与with连用。
agree: 普通用词，侧重指对某事同其他人有相同的意见或想法。
vi. 订阅；捐款； [经] 认购；赞成；签署
 - sign, donate money
vt. 签署；赞成；捐助
 - ink, agree, sign, uphold

Word: stimulation
Front: stimulation
[ˌstɪmjʊ'leɪʃn] (托 7974/6566)
Vocabulary: stimulation
(once / 3185 pages)
n
Stimulation spurs an organism to act. It can also be any specific event that causes someone to do something.
Have you ever had a teacher who made you excited about a subject you didn't like before, causing you to study harder and learn more? That teacher must've provided stimulation: through the teacher, you were motivated to give more effort to the class. Like a stimulant, stimulation causes things to happen. A doctor hitting your knee is a type of stimulation that makes your leg jerk up. In zoos, animals are provided with food-based stimulation to make them exercise.
WORD FAMILY
stimulation: self-stimulation, stimulations+/ stimulate: stimulated, stimulates, stimulating, stimulation, stimulative/stimulating: stimulatingly, unstimulating/ stimulus: stimulate, stimuli
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Giandrea says that many people are interested in the “nonmonetary benefits of continued employment,” including “mental stimulation and continued social networks.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
Another research project is focused on brain stimulation, which Prause believes could provide an alternative to drugs such as Addyi, the “female Viagra”.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Most of the footage is stunning, yet the film is more about observation than visual stimulation.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 刺激; 激发; 启发; 促进
分布：刺激(94%)，激励(5%)，鼓舞(1%)
刺激,鼓励[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
noun uncountable
■when something causes someone or something to become more active or enthusiastic, or to develop or operate 刺激；激励；兴奋作用
• While she was at home looking after her children, she felt deprived of intellectual stimulation. 她在家里照顾孩子的时候，觉得被剥夺了活跃大脑的机会。
• specialized Electric stimulation can help to heal fractured bones. 电的刺激有助于断骨愈合。
n. [医] 刺激； [电子] 激励，鼓舞
 - incentive, inspiration, animation, excitement, needle

Word: border
Front: border
[ˈbɔ:də(r)] (高研四托雅 1344/1789 -K4)
Vocabulary: border
(once / 105 pages)
nv
When you cross a border from one country into another, you'll need to show your identification papers and maybe a visa to the border patrol officials.
A border separates one thing from another, most famously countries. Sometimes neighboring countries have border disputes, if they don't think the lines were drawn fairly or if they don't get along. Borders can also be less official. You might want to plant a border of cabbages along your front walk, or you could sew a border of sequins along the edge of your collar. But you'd have to go easy on the sequins, as too many would "border on the garish."
WORD FAMILY
border: bordered, borderer, bordering, borders+/bordered: unbordered/borderer: borderers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Customs and Border Patrol computer problems hit several U.S. airports on Monday, causing long lines at immigration checks, airport officials said.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
To overcome those challenges, the new community plan focuses on the trolley line, particularly the Beyer Boulevard Station one stop north of the border.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This year it plans to gradually remove price controls, starting in March with some border areas.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 边; 镶边; 包边; 边界
vt. & vi. 与…接界，在…的边上
vt. 沿…的边，环绕…，给…镶边
vi. 近似，毗邻
时态：bordered, bordering, borders
分布：边境(50%)，边界(37%)，边缘(7%)，近似(3%)，毗邻(2%)，加边于(1%)
→来自PIE *bherdh , 切，砍。指分开的。词源同board, break.
边境[bord=side(边)]
n.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近No extraordinary disorder happens on the orderly border.在有序的边界上没有发生不寻常的混乱.
US ['bɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
DIVISION 分开
 ESSENTIAL
■the line that divides one country from another 国境；边界，边境
• Were you stopped at the border? 你在边界被拦住了吗？
• The train crosses the border between France and Spain. 火车穿过法国和西班牙之间的边界。
• The two countries have had frequent border disputes. 两国经常发生边界纠纷。
UK [bɔ:.dər] US ['bɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
EDGE 边缘
■a strip that goes around or along the edge of something, often as decoration （装饰的）窄边
• The dress was white with a delicate lace border. 这条裙子是白色的，饰有精美的花边。
• a picture with a decorative/plain border 带有／没有装饰边的画
■a narrow strip of ground around a garden, which is usually planted with flowers （花园的）狭长花坛
• to weed/plant the borders 除去花园边缘的杂草／在花园边缘种上植物
UK [bɔ:.dər] US ['bɔ:r.dɚ] verb
FORM EDGE 环绕
transitive usually passive
■to form a line around the edge of something 围着，环绕；沿…的边缘
• The fields are bordered by tall trees. 田野四周都是高大的树木。
UK [bɔ:.dər] US ['bɔ:r.dɚ] verb
BE NEXT TO 毗邻
transitive
■to be next to and have a border with another country （与某国）接壤
• Swaziland borders South Africa and Mozambique. 史瓦济兰毗邻南非和莫三比克。
UK [bɔ:.dər] US ['bɔ:r.dɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  border on sth
■If behaviour, a quality or a feeling borders on something more extreme, it is almost that thing 接近于，近乎
• His suggestion borders on the ridiculous. 他的建议近乎荒谬。
• She possesses a self-confidence that borders on arrogance. 她的自信接近于自大。
verge, edge, brim, margin, border, fringe, rim
这组词都有“边，边缘”的意思，其区别是：
verge: 指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。
edge: 普通用词，指较窄的边沿。
brim: 指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。
margin: 指物体的空白边，一般较宽。
border: 侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。
fringe: 指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。
rim: 指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。
frontier, verge, border, boundary, rim
这组词都有“边界”的意思，其区别是：
frontier: n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为"未开发的领域"，"(学术的)前沿"等。
 • The American West was still a frontier a century ago.   一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
 • She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.   她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
verge: n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为"某事即将发生之际"。
 • on the verge of war   战争爆发之际
border: n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。
 • We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.   我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
boundary: n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
 • The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.   这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
rim: n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
limit, frontier, bounds, border, boundary
这组词都有“边界，边境”的意思，其区别是：
limit: 含义广泛，常用作复数。指任何界限、范围、分界线外面的部分，可指有形或无形的东西。
frontier: 指两国接壤的前沿地区，属于各国的国境和边疆，多指设防的边界。
bounds: 常与boundary换用，指土地边界，但意思不如boundary明确，主要用于抽象事物和文学作品中。
border: 多指国与国之间或两地区的分界处，即分界线附近的边缘部分。
boundary: 侧重地图上正式标定的、双方遵守的边界，也可指较小行政单位间的界线。
n. 边境； [地理] 边界；国界
 - hil, frontier
vt. 接近；与…接壤；在…上镶边
 - go on for, come close to
vi. 接界；近似
 - aprx

Word: functioning
Front: functioning
['fʌŋkʃənɪŋ] (托 7989/10374)
Vocabulary: functioning
(once / 2862 pages)
adjn
Something that is functioning is working — doing what it's supposed to do. A functioning refrigerator keeps your food cold. A functioning television shows a clear picture. A functioning group gets things done in an orderly and timely fashion.
A function is the purpose that something is made for. A flashlight's function is to light up. But if it's not functioning, or working properly, you might need to change its batteries or buy a new one. If your car can get you from point A to point B but the engine sounds like it's going to die any minute, you might say that it is "barely functioning." Sometimes people use the word functional to mean the thing as functioning.
WORD FAMILY
functioning: functionings+/ function: disfunction, functional, functionary, functioned, functioning, functions, misfunction/ functional: functionalism, functionality, functionally, nonfunctional, unfunctional/functionalism: functionalist/functionalist: functionalists/functionality: functionalities/ functionary: functionaries/misfunction: misfunctioned, misfunctioning
USAGE EXAMPLES
These complex processes may pass unnoticed by the driver, but their uninterrupted functioning is crucial.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s absurd how many cars and trucks are driving with only one functioning headlight.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Another way that government facilitates the functioning of markets is by helping consumers get clear information.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 起作用（function的现在分词形式）; 运转; 正常工作
分布：机能(94%)，动词function的现在分词形式.(6%)
N-COUNT
功能;作用;职责
The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do.
例：The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry.商业银行的主要职能是为产业融资。
VERB
工作;运转;运行
If a machine or system is functioning, it is working or operating.
例：The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally...当局称监狱现在运转正常。
例：Conservation programs cannot function without local support.没有地方的支持，自然环境保护项目就无法运作。
VERB
发挥功能;起作用;行使职责
If someone or something functions as a particular thing, they do the work or fulfil the purpose of that thing.
例：On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace.在工作日，房间的1/3用作办公区域。
N-COUNT
(计算机的)功能(指执行的一系列操作)
A function is a series of operations that a computer performs, for example when a single key or a combination of keys is pressed.
N-COUNT
应变量;随他物变化而变化的事物
If you say that one thing is a function of another, you mean that its amount or nature depends on the other thing.
例：Investment is a function of the interest rate.投资随着利率的变化而变。
N-COUNT
(正式的)宴会，大型聚会
A function is a large formal dinner or party.
n. 运行，运作；功能；机能；起酌（function的动名词）
 - revolution, action

Word: sprout
Front: sprout
[spraʊt] (研托雅宝 7981/11559 -1)
Vocabulary: sprout
(once / 1314 pages)
vn
A sprout is a small growth on a plant — a little new bud. Other things can sprout too: kids are constantly sprouting (growing).
The key thing to think of when you're trying to remember the meaning of sprout is growth — as a noun, a sprout is a new growth of a plant, and as a verb, to sprout means to grow. Sprouting mainly applies to height and to the young, whether you're talking about plants, people, or things. An older person who gains fifty pounds is growing but not sprouting.
WORD FAMILY
sprout: sprouted, sprouting, sprouts+/sprouting: sproutings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In winter that means lots of carrots, baby brussels sprouts and apples.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
New venture-capital arms of large corporations seem to sprout up every few months, enabling their executives to mingle and hunt for partnerships and acquisitions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Available at Sprouts and through home or office delivery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 发芽; 抽芽
vt. 使发芽; 使生长
n. 幼芽，新梢; [植]球芽甘蓝; 幼苗状物，年轻人; 美俚〉后代
时态：sprouted, sprouting, sprouts
分布：芽(73%)，萌芽(19%)，迅速成长(3%)，长芽(3%)，年幼者(2%)
→来自古英语-sprutan,发芽，出现，来自 Proto-Germanic*sprut,发芽，来自 spreud,发芽， 来自 sper,喷，洒，播种，词源同 spark,sprinkle.引申诸相关词义。
vi.发芽,抽条vt.使发芽n.新芽,嫩苗Buds sprout in the spring.芽在春天萌发.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to produce leaves, hair and other new developing parts, or (of leaves, hair and other developing parts) to begin to grow 发（芽），抽（芽）；长出（毛发等）；（叶、毛发等）生长
• It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout. 这些种子大概要三天时间才会发芽。
• Your hair is sticking up - it looks like you're sprouting horns! 你的头发竖起来了——看起来跟长了角一样！
intransitive (also sprout up) informal
■If a large number of things sprout (up), they suddenly appear or begin to exist 涌现；突然出现
• New factories have sprouted up everywhere. 新工厂如雨后春笋般地四处涌现。
[spraʊt] noun countable
■a part of a plant that is just beginning to grow 苗；新芽；嫩枝
mainly UK * a brussels sprout
vi. 发芽；长芽
 - put, come into bud
vt. 使发芽；使萌芽
 - germinate, bud
n. [植] 芽；萌芽；苗芽
 - seed, bud

Word: cardiovascular
Front: cardiovascular
[ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r)] (7967/17592 -1)
Back: adj. 心血管的
分布：心脏血管的(100%)
→card, 心脏。-vas, 管，容器，词源同vase, vessel.
US [ˌkɑ:r.di.oʊ'væs.kjə.lɚ] specialized
adjective
■relating to the heart and blood vessels (= tubes that carry blood around the body) 心血管的
• cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病

Word: gland
Front: gland
[glænd] (托雅 7991/7919 -1)
Back: n. <解>腺; [机]密封压盖，填料盖
分布：腺(100%)
→来自gwele, 橡实，球体，词源同globe. 因呈球体而得名，用于解剖学术语。
noun countable
■an organ of the body or of a plant which secretes (= produces) liquid chemicals that have various purposes 腺
• The glands in my neck are a bit swollen. 我颈部的腺体有点肿胀。

Word: institute
Front: institute
[ˈɪnstɪtju:t] (高研四六托雅宝 7980/1630 -K4)
Vocabulary: institute
(once / 68 pages)
vn
An institute is an organization or association designed to study or promote something. If you're interested in politics, you might want to do an internship at one of Washington D.C.'s many political research institutes.
While you may have heard of an institute, whether it’s the National Institute for Art Advancement or the National Cancer Institute, you may not know institute in its verb form. To institute something means to establish or advance it. You might institute the hiring of Spanish-speakers at your company, or, if workers complain about being overworked, you might institute a new policy on taking breaks.
WORD FAMILY
institute: instituted, institutes, instituting, institution +/ institution: institutional, institutionalise, institutionalize, institutions/ institutional: institutionally, noninstitutional/institutionalise: institutionalised/institutionalised: noninstitutionalised/ institutionalize: institutionalized, institutionalizes, institutionalizing/institutionalized: noninstitutionalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The inventors of the new process are two young chemists at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
For example, the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute does health rankings of counties in every state.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Saltsman is research director at the Employment Policies Institute, which receives support from restaurants, foundations and individuals.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 建立; 制定; 开始; 着手
n. 协会; 学会; 学院; （教育、专业等）机构
时态：instituted, instituting, institutes
分布：学院(57%)，学会(16%)，协会(15%)，开始(5%)，制定(4%)，创立(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-stit,站立，词源同stand,state.即使站立，引申词义建立，制定，建立的组织机构等。
学会;学院v.制定,设立(in进入+stiute→建立进去→设立)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
n.学会,研究所;学院v.设立,设置,制定The substantial part of the constitution about the institution of institutes is substituted.宪法中有关设立协会的实质性部分被替换.
【记】in进入，stitute站，建立－站进去；进入建立的状态－创立
【区】institution（n 协会；制度）；institutionalize（v 使制度化）
【参】constitution（n 宪法；构造；章程）；restitution（n 归还；赔偿）
【反】rescind（v 废除）；abrogate（v 取消废除）；efface（v 抹掉）
US [-tu:t] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■an organization where people do a particular kind of scientific, educational or social work, or the buildings which it uses 研究所；学院
• the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 麻省理工学院
UK ['ɪnt.stɪ.tju:t] US [-tu:t] verb transitive formal
■to start or cause a system, rule, legal action, etc. to exist 建立；制定；开始
• She is threatening to institute legal proceedings against the hospital. 她威胁说要对该医院提出诉讼。
institute, society, association, union, club, league
这组词都有“社团，会社，协会”的意思，其区别是：
institute: 指为专门的目标而建立的学会或研究所。
society: 可与association换用，但前者的宗旨更严格，会员之间联系更紧密，活动更积极。
association: 指较为正式的组织，强调兴趣和需要的一致性。
union: 多指工会，也指学会或协会。
club: 表俱乐部或会社，其成员因志同道合，有共同兴趣、爱好而组织到一起进行社交、娱乐或体育等活动。
league: 指为了共同的目的和利益而组成的社团、同盟或联合会。
institute, university, school, college, academy
这组词都有“学院，大学”的意思，其区别是：
institute: 指设立有专门学科的学院，如外语学院、地质学院、建筑学院等。
university: 主要指综合大学，一般由多个学院组成。当泛指大学时通常用college表示。
school: 指大学所属的学院或系。
college: 多指大学内的学院，分科学院或科目较少的高等学校。
academy: 指(高等)专科院校或研究专门学术的学校。
vt. 开始（调查）；制定；创立；提起（诉讼）
 - found, construct, father, initiate
n. 学会，协会；学院
 - academy, college, union, school

Word: pigeon
Front: pigeon
[ˈpɪdʒɪn] (研四六托 7986/6052 -1)
Back: n. 鸽子; <非正式>易受骗的人; <非正式>责任
分布：鸽子(100%)
→来自古法语pigeon,小鸽子，来自拉丁语pipio,雏鸽，叽叽喳喳叫的小鸟，来自pipire,叽叽喳喳叫，拟声词。
n.鸽The pig is obliged to dig a big pit for the pigeon.猪被迫为鸽子掘一个大坑.
noun
countable or uncountable
■a large usually grey bird, which is often seen in towns sitting on buildings in large groups, and is sometimes eaten as food 鸽子
countable
■a pigeon kept as a pet in order to take part in flying competitions （作比赛用的）信鸽
• racing/homing pigeons 赛鸽／信鸽
['pɪdʒ.ən] noun
be not your pigeon UK old-fashioned
■to not be your responsibility 不是（你）的责任
• Transport? That's not my pigeon - ask Danny. 运输？这不归我管——去问丹尼。
pigeon, dove
这组词都有“鸽”的意思，其区别是：
pigeon: 多指家鸽。
dove: 指较小品种的鸽，美国称为野鸽。
n. 鸽子
 - La paloma, dove

Word: spinal
Front: spinal
[ˈspaɪnl] (六托 7983/10320 -1)
Back: adj. 脊柱的，与脊柱有关的; 针的，刺的; 棘状突起的
adv. 在脊骨方面，压着脊骨
n. [医]脊髓麻醉
分布：脊髓的(50%)，脊髓麻醉(19%)，脊骨的(14%)，尖刺的(10%)，尖刺状突起的(7%)
→spine,脊柱，脊椎，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
■of the spine 脊柱的；脊椎的
• a spinal injury 脊柱受伤
adj. 脊髓的；脊柱的；针的；脊骨的；尖刺的
 - rachial, medullary

Word: dial
Front: dial
[ˈdaɪəl] (高研四六雅 6092/8621 -2)
Vocabulary: dial
(once / 1092 pages)
nv
A dial is a circle that has a series of numbers or marks representing numbers, like the dial of a clock face, a compass, or an old-fashioned telephone. If you have a watch that glows in the dark, it's the dial you can see even in a dark movie theater.
Old telephones and televisions both have dials — the first has numbers from zero to nine in a circle, and the latter has a round disc for changing channels. When you call someone, you can say that you dial their number. In fact, people tend to use the word dial when they use a phone, even if they're pushing buttons or tapping a touch screen. The Latin root is dialis, "daily," and the earliest dial was a sundial.
WORD FAMILY
dial: dialed, dialing, dialled, dialling, dials
USAGE EXAMPLES
To implement the new area code, the commission also approved mandatory 10-digit dialing for all Western Washington area codes by the fall of 2017.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Were you ever tempted to dial that back?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Dial also said Federal Bureau of Investigation officials told him they interviewed Spencer and that he denounced the "Daily Stormer" postings.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 日晷; 钟（表）面，标度盘; 拨号盘; 表盘
vt. & vi. 打电话，拨电话号码
vt. 用标度盘测量; 通过表针控制
时态：dialled, dialing, dials
分布：拨号(80%)，刻度盘(6%)，打电话(6%)，拨号盘(5%)，钟面(2%)，日晷(1%)
→来自拉丁短语rota dialis, daily wheel (rotate diurnal )，一种古代测太阳运转的日晷，后用来指相关圆形物体。比较印度奥里萨邦Konark Sun Temple, 在入口处可见一巨大的日晷石雕，再往里依次是梳洗图，劳作图，性爱图，即人一天的作息规律。
日署[di=day,表示"日,日子"]
n.钟(表)面,刻度盘,拨号盘v.拨号,打电话In the college, I alleged that I recollected the dialog in dialect about the dial collection.在学院里我宣称忆起关于收集到度盘用方言进行的对话.
verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
 ADVANCED
■to operate a telephone or make a telephone call to someone by pressing a particular series of buttons with numbers, or moving a disc with numbers, on the telephone 拨号，按号码
• Can I dial this number direct , or do I have to go through the operator? 我可以直接拨这个号码还是需要透过话务员接转？
• Dial 0 for the switchboard. 总机拨0。
['daɪ.əl] noun countable
MEASURING DEVICE 测量仪器
■the part of a machine or device which shows you a measurement of something such as speed or time 表盘，仪表盘
• Can you read what it says on the dial? 你能读出仪表盘上的读数吗？
• The dial of/on his watch (= the part of it which has the numbers on it) had a picture of Mickey Mouse on it. 他手表的表盘上有一个米奇老鼠的图案。
■a device on an instrument which you move in order to control it or make changes to it 旋钮，调节器
• You turn this dial to find a different radio station. 转动这个旋钮可选择不同的广播电台。
['daɪ.əl] noun countable
TELEPHONE 电话
■the disc with numbers on old-fashioned telephones which you turn when you make a telephone call （老式电话机的）拨号盘
n. 转盘； [仪] 刻度盘；钟面
 - rotating disc, turntable

Word: heighten
Front: heighten
[ˈhaɪtn] (研六托雅 7990/8474 -2)
Vocabulary: heighten
(once / 790 pages)
v
When you heighten something, you increase it or make it more intense. If you want to heighten awareness about homelessness, you might write an article for your local newspaper.
Extreme weather can act to heighten people's concern about climate change, and publicity for a good cause can heighten awareness of the ways college students can volunteer their time. A movie director might heighten the tension in a scene by using scary music and dramatic lighting. In all of these cases, something is intensified or increased. The oldest, fifteenth-century meaning of heighten, however, was "to exalt, honor, or raise to a high position."
WORD FAMILY
heighten: heightened, heightening, heightens
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there was also anger at what some saw as heightened polarisation and rhetoric in the run-up to the attack.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Ambrose accuses President Obama of breaking “records in polarizing the country” by stirring up class antagonisms, heightening racial tensions and helping instigate political stalemate.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He drank prodigious amounts of alcohol to dim his heightened alertness and to muffle his sorrows.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变高; （使）加强
时态：heightened, heightening, heightens
分布：加强(46%)，增加(37%)，升高(17%)
→height,高，高度，-en,使。
v.提高,升高As she waited, her fears heightened.她在等待时,越发感到恐惧.
US [-tˌən] verb intransitive or transitive
■to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect （使）（尤指某种情绪或效果）增强，加强
• The strong police presence only heightened the tension among the crowd. 大批员警出现只会使人群更加紧张。
enhance, raise, heighten, intensify, aggravate
enhance: 提高，增强：靠增添某种能增强物质的价值、魅力或声望的东西以指某物超出常规水平或通常的喜人程度或吸引力
raise: 提高，增强，养育，种植，饲养
heighten: 提高到超出平常、陈腐或平庸之辈的承程度，并在尖锐和深刻方面有所增强，表示常规合习惯，现状的升级，侧重加强加深加重
intensify: 一物的加深加强强化到很显著、罕见的深度式强度，尤其是在其特性方面
aggravate: 明显加强了那已是令人不快、困难重重的环境，条件的严重性，说明严重性的增加，要求给与注意
vt. 提高；增高；加强；使更显著
 - enhance, raise, cement, muscle
vi. 升高；变强
 - strengthen, breeze up

Word: eve
Vocabulary: eve
(once / 597 pages)
n
An eve is the day — or night — just before some event. You might call the day before your birthday your "birthday eve."
Some holidays are well-known for having the proceeding days distinguished as eves: many of us celebrate New Year's Eve, others gather for meals on Christmas Eve or Passover Eve, and the word "Halloween" comes from "All Hallow's Eve." The word eve is sometimes also a shortened form of evening, the last part of the day: "It stays light so late on a summer's eve."
WORD FAMILY
eve: eves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then Jeff Carter saved the Kings again, on the eve of his 32nd birthday.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Health reform, they’ll claim, was always a failure, and it was already collapsing on the eve of the GOP takeover.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On the eve of his last day in office, McCrory discussed a wide range of topics, including the law, referred to as House Bill 2.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)

Word: sociology
Front: sociology
[ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒi] (研六雅 8002/3612 -2)
Vocabulary: sociology
(once / 1165 pages)
n
Sociology is the study of human cultures, communities, and societies. Sociology attempts to explain how a society works, whether that society is a native tribe in the Amazon or an old folks’ home in Nebraska.
Sociology is one of the social — sometimes called soft — sciences. It's the study of human actions and interactions. People who study sociology — sociologists — look at how people interact in groups and what kinds of religions, governments, schools, and other ways of life they create. While psychology looks mostly at individuals, sociology looks at people in groups.
WORD FAMILY
sociology: sociological, sociologist+/sociological: sociologically/sociologist: sociologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a tour de force of economics, history and sociology.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
A 2016 University of Cincinnati graduate with a bachelor’s degree in neuroscience, Nkadi is now pursuing a double master’s degree in sociology and business administration.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Berman taught history and sociology at a wide variety of universities throughout North American before settling into his retirement in Mexico.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 社会学; 群体生态学
分布：社会学(100%)
→socio-,社会的，-logy,学说。
社会学(soc+io+logy学科)[soc=companion表示"同伴",引申为"社会"]
n.社会学
US [ˌsoʊ.si'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the study of the relationships between people living in groups, especially in industrial societies 社会学，社会关系研究
• She has a degree in sociology and politics. 她拥有社会学和政治学学位。
• He specializes in the sociology of education/law/the family. 他专门研究教育／法律／家庭社会学。
n. 社会学；群体生态学
 - demotics, synecology

Word: expressive
Front: expressive
[ɪkˈspresɪv] (托 7994/8755 -1)
Vocabulary: expressive
(once / 601 pages)
adj
Big smiles, loud crying, jumping for joy, and making crazy art are all expressive, which is to effectively show feelings.
Anything that communicates thoughts or feelings is expressive. Expressive comes from the French word expres for "clear, plain.” It’s easy to read people who are expressive, their emotions are clear. Smiling, laughing, shouting, crying, and pouting are all expressive. So is art, whether it's music, sculpture, or writing. This is a word that applies to things that communicate. If you're not revealing how you feel, you're not being expressive.
WORD FAMILY
expressive: expressively, expressiveness, inexpressive, unexpressive+/ express: expressage, expressed, expressedly, expresses, expressible, expressing, expression, expressive, expressly /expressed: unexpressed/expressible: expressibly, inexpressible, unexpressible/ expression: expressionism, expressionless, expressions, self-expression/ expressionism: expressionisms, expressionist, expressionistic, neoexpressionism/expressionist: expressionists/expressionless: expressionlessly/inexpressible: inexpressibly/inexpressive: inexpressively/unexpressible: unexpressibly/unexpressive: unexpressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Elephants are smart, sure, but they are also emotionally expressive.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Over a few hours of conversation, he toggled between being marginally expressive and almost poetic.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 表示的，有表现力的，表达的; 意味深长的; 富于表情的; 传神
分布：表达的(64%)，富于表情的(23%)，意味深长的(13%)
【区】expressly（adv 显然地；特意地；专程地）；express（adj 急速的；特殊的；明确的n 快车；快递vt 表达）
adjective
■showing what someone thinks or feels 富于表情的；有表现力的
• an expressive face 富于表情的脸
• expressive hands 丰富生动的手势语言
be expressive of sth formal
■showing a particular feeling 表现出（某种感情）
• The final movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is expressive of joy. 贝多芬第九交响乐的最后乐章表现出了欢乐。

Word: moose
Front: moose
[mu:s] (7996/24479 -1)
Vocabulary: moose
(once / 1707 pages)
n
A moose is a large, four-legged, deer-like animal with huge antlers. You're more likely to see a moose in Canada than in Mexico; they like the cold.
The moose is the enormous cousin of the deer, living not in groups or herds, but leading solitary lives once they leave their mothers. During mating season, males will sometimes compete over a female by slamming their impressive antlers together. In other parts of the world, moose are called "elk," but in North America the word comes from the Abenaki moz, whose root means "he strips off," as moose feed on bark stripped from trees.
WORD FAMILY
moose: mooses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She said it was a childhood of picking berries, hunting moose, fishing and attending the Russian Orthodox church.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“Ecologically they are just a relict on the island. Moose are skyrocketing and we are seeing changes to the plant community.”
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
“Cody’s senior year, Trey Adams was a sophomore, and he was a big, stumbling moose,” Christoferson said.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [动]大角麋，驼鹿
分布：麋(100%)
→来自北美印第安土著语，可能来自moosu,剥树皮，因这种鹿剥树皮作为食物而得名。
noun countable (plural moose) (UK old-fashioned elk)
■a type of large deer with large flat horns and a long nose which lives in the forests of North America, northern Europe and Asia 麋，驼鹿

Word: yearn
Front: yearn
[jɜ:n] (六托雅宝 7999/11780)
Vocabulary: yearn
(once / 458 pages)
v
To yearn for something is to want it really bad. You might yearn for freedom or you might yearn for a perfect tamale. Usually you yearn for something or someone you can't easily get.
If you have a hankering for pie, you could also say that you yearn for it. Yearn also means to feel sweet on someone, or to have affection for something. If your girlfriend moves to Alaska and you’re stuck in Texas, you’d probably yearn for her. And when she comes back to visit, you would still yearn — meaning you’d still feel affection for her.
WORD FAMILY
yearn: yearned, yearner, yearning, yearns+/yearner: yearners/ yearning: yearnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the years, he said, he yearned to move back.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But calls to his mother, which he yearned for, usually left him disappointed.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 渴望，切盼，向往; 想念，怀念，向往，留恋，恋慕
时态：yearned, yearning, yearns
分布：渴望(81%)，同情(9%)，想念(7%)，盼望(3%)
→来自gher,喜欢，想要，鼓励，词源同exhort,hortatory,charisma.
【记】1year1year的yearn
US [jɝ:n] verb intransitive
■to wish very strongly, especially something that you cannot have or something that is very difficult to have 渴望，切盼，渴求
• Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval. 尽管他在商场非常成功，但还是渴望得到评论家的认可。
• [+ to infinitive] Sometimes I just yearn to be alone. 有时我只想一人独处。
long, yearn, thirst
这组词都有“渴望”的意思，其区别是：
long: 指诚心诚意地渴望某事或物。
yearn: 通常指急迫不安地渴望或向往，着重怀有柔情或热情。
thirst: 原义指对食物或饮料的渴求，引申指全力以求。
vi. 渴望，向往；思念，想念；怀念；同情，怜悯
 - rare, aspire

Word: shower
Front: shower
[ˈʃaʊə(r)] (中高研四六托雅 3204/3712 -K2)
Back: n. 阵雨; 淋浴; 淋浴器; 一大批
vi. 下阵雨; 似阵雨般降落; 洒落; 纷纷降落
vt. 大量地给予; 抛洒，使纷纷降落
时态：showered, showering, showers
分布：淋浴(72%)，阵雨(21%)，送礼会(6%)，倾注(1%)
→来自古英语 scur,阵风，阵雪，暴风雪，来自 Proto-Germanic*skuro,风暴，暴风雪，来自 skewer,北方，冷风，词源同拉丁语 caurus,东方风。拼写比较 tower,turret.引申词义淋浴， 沐浴。
n.阵雨;沐浴;(一)阵/大批v.下阵雨,倾注The answer is: Owing to a shower, the powerful powder is no longer on show.答案是：由于一场阵雨,这种强有力的火药不再展览了.
US [ʃaʊr] noun
WASHING DEVICE 洗浴设备
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a device which releases drops of water through a lot of very small holes and which you stand under to wash your whole body 淋浴器
• The shower is broken - you'll have to have a bath. 淋浴器坏了——你得用浴缸洗澡了。
• Many British homes have a shower attachment fixed to the bath taps. 英国的许多家庭都在浴缸龙头上安装了淋浴器。
• a shower curtain/cap 浴帘／浴帽
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a wash using such a device 淋浴
• Have I got time to (UK)have/(US)take a shower before we go out? 我们出去之前我还有时间冲个澡吗?
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a place, usually in a bathroom, where a shower is situated 淋浴间，淋浴室
• He's in the shower at the moment. Would you like him to phone you back? 他现在正在冲澡。请他回电话给你好吗?
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] noun
RAIN 雨
 ADVANCED countable
■a short period of rain or snow 阵雨；阵雪
• showers of rain, hail and sleet 一阵阵的雨、冰雹和雨夹雪
• You're soaked! Did you get caught in the shower? 你都湿透了！你遇上那场雨了吗?
• There will be thundery/wintry showers over many parts of the country. 全国大部分地区将有雷阵雨／寒冷的阵雨。
• Snow showers are expected at the end of the week. 周末将有阵雪。
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] noun
MASS 大量
a shower of sth
■a lot of small objects or drops of liquid coming through the air 一大批，一连串（从天而降的小颗粒物或液滴）
• There was a bang and a shower of sparks. 一声巨响，闪过一片火花。
• The pipe burst, sending out a shower of water. 管道爆裂了，喷出一阵水花。
■a large amount of something 大量的
• She received a shower of praise from her colleagues. 她的同事都向她说了一大堆赞美的话。
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] noun
PARTY 派对
countable US
■a party held for a woman just before she gets married or gives birth to a child, when she is given presents for her future home or baby （为即将结婚或分娩的妇女举行的）送礼会
• I bought the cutest baby clothes to take to Jacey's baby shower. 我买了最漂亮的婴儿服去参加杰西孩子的送礼会。
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] noun
take / need a cold shower humorous
■an expression used when someone needs to calm themselves when something has made them feel sexually excited 洗个冷水澡（一种措辞，当某人因某事而性兴奋时需要冷静下来）
• Did you see the dress she was wearing? I think I'd better go and take a cold shower! 你看到她穿的裙子吗？我最好回家冲个冷水澡。
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] verb
FALL 落下
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to fall down or come out in a shower 像阵雨般降落或抛洒
• I heard a massive explosion, and seconds later fragments of glass were showering (= falling) down on us. 我听到了巨大的爆炸声，几秒钟后，玻璃碎片纷纷散落在我们身上。
• She shook the bottle violently and showered us with champagne. 她用力晃动酒瓶，向我们喷洒香槟。
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] verb
WASH 洗浴
intransitive
■to take a shower 冲澡
• I shower every morning. 我每天早上都要冲个澡。
UK [ʃaʊər] US [ʃaʊr] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shower sb with sth (also shower sth on sb)
■to give someone a lot of presents or praise 大量给予（某人）（礼物或赞美）
• She only sees her niece occasionally, so she showers her with presents when she does. 她只能偶尔见到自己的侄女，因此见面时，她都送给她很多礼物。
• His boss showered him with praise. 他的老板对他大加赞赏。
n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批； [气象] 阵雨
 - blast, flood
vi. 淋浴； [气象] 下阵雨
 - have a bath

Word: gig
Front: gig
[gɪg] (7993/6294 -2)
Vocabulary: gig
(once / 1238 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A gig is a band's musical performance or an appointment for such a performance. Your band's first gig might be playing at a high school prom.
Performers of various kinds book gigs: they arrange to do a show at a specific place and time. If you're a standup comedian, you might dream of a gig at a big concert hall, but have to be satisfied with gigs in church basements and coffee shops. Sometimes people who do freelance work also refer to jobs as gigs. The word comes from early 20th century jazz slang.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gig / jig
Gig with a hard "g" is a job. Jig, on the other hand, is a dance. The kind a band might do when they land a gig headlining Madison Square Garden.
A gig is basically freelance job. The word comes from jazz and often refers to a musical performance. If your band has a gig, you could say you're gigging. It's also short for "gigabyte," a unit of measurement in computer land. Gig likes to get around:
"Eagles of Death Metal's frontman has said he feels a deep responsibility to resume the gig which came under attack from terrorists." (BBC)
"He eventually retired from his job as an EMS for the Baltimore fire department and found a teaching gig near Hampton." (Washington Post)
"They have one job or two—or else they race from gig to gig and chore to chore as rapidly as they can." (New Yorker)
A jig has roots in traditional Irish folk dancing. Jig is also the name of the kind of song that you dance a jig to. Is a jig also a fishing lure? Sure! And, it's the name of a tool that comes in handy if you're making a jigsaw puzzle. It used to mean "trick," so if you catch someone breaking a rule, you tell 'em "the jig is up." Examples:
"It prompted Garcia to dance a jig of delight on the green." (New York Times)
"A new law goes into effect June 1 prohibiting the sale or use of lead sinkers and jigs that weigh less than an ounce." (Washington Times)
"There was also a less complex dolly jig designed to make a small doll dance." (Washington Times)
If you get them mixed up, remember that gig usually has a hard "g" for cold hard cash, and a jig makes people feel jolly.
WORD FAMILY
gig: gigged, gigging, gigs
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the show is renewed, his wife gets to keep her writing gig, too.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Williams worked with The Beatles from 1960 to 1961, getting the band gigs in Britain, and in Hamburg where their future development was shaped.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
As it is a New Year’s Eve gig, the band will also ensure that celebrations coincide with the stroke of midnight.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 现场演奏会; 工作; 轻便双轮马车; gigabyte 千兆字节
v. 乘轻便二轮马车; 用鱼叉叉; 记过处分; 特约演奏
分布：特约演奏(37%)，鱼叉(21%)，赛艇(12%)，单马双轮轻便马车(6%)，临时工作(6%)，乘轻便马车或快艇(6%)，记军事处分(6%)，用鱼叉捕鱼(6%)
→1.马车，来自gig古义，旋转，词源同gigolo, whirligig. 引申义轻便马车，因其颠簸而得名，参照cab, 来自caper, 山羊。
noun countable
PERFORMANCE 表演 informal
■a single performance by a musician or group of musicians, especially playing modern or pop music （尤指演奏现代或流行乐的）演奏会
• This week the band did the last gig of their world-tour. 这个乐队本周举行了他们是次世界巡演的最后一场演奏会。
[gɪg] noun countable
CARRIAGE 马车
■a light two-wheeled carriage pulled by one horse, used especially in the past （尤指旧时的）双轮小马车
[gɪg] verb intransitive (-gg-)
■(of a musician or group of musicians) to perform gigs 演奏会
• Gigging around the London clubs helped the band develop their own sound. 在伦敦各个夜总会表演，有助这个乐队形成自己的音乐风格。
n. 旋转物；鱼叉；轻便双轮马车
 - tonga
vt. 使…起绒；用鱼叉叉；记过处分
 - harpoon

Word: mutually
Front: mutually
[ˈmju:tʃuəli] (7987/7674)
Vocabulary: mutually
(once / 1360 pages)
adv
When you do something in cooperation with another person, the two of you do it mutually. You and your sister might, for example, mutually decide to skip the family reunion.
You can use the adverb mutually to describe an action or a connection that you share with someone. If you have a mutually competitive relationship with your best friend, it means that both of you feel a sense of rivalry. And when a decision is mutually beneficial to everyone in town, it helps every single person equally. The root word is the Latin mutuus, which means "reciprocal, or done in exchange."
WORD FAMILY
mutual: mutualism, mutuality, mutually, mutualness+/ mutualism: mutualist/mutuality: mutualities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The obituary for Bill Usery commemorated a life committed to finding mutually beneficial solutions to the thorniest of labor, management and governmental problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Competency and staffing levels are not mutually exclusive,” said Toby Edelman, a senior policy attorney at the Center for Medicare Advocacy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Bubbling to the surface, though, is the realization that the two charges are not mutually exclusive.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 互相地，互助; 对
分布：互相地(75%)，彼此的(25%)
adverb
■felt or done by two or more people or groups in the same way 互相（两个或以上的人或团体以同样的方式感到或完成）
• It will be a mutually beneficial project. 这将是一项互利的计划。
• Being rich and being a Socialist are not mutually exclusive (= they can exist together at the same time). 身为富人和身为社会主义者并不相互排斥。

Word: unsure
Front: unsure
[ˌʌnˈʃʊə(r)] (8000/7579 -1)
Back: adj. 不确定的; 缺乏信心的，无把握的; 不稳定的; 不可靠的
分布：不肯定的(40%)，不确定的(40%)，没有自信的(20%)
US [-'ʃʊr] adjective
■not certain or having doubts 不确定的，不肯定的；有疑虑的
• I'm a bit unsure about what to do next - can you help me? 我有点拿不准下一步该做甚么——你能帮帮我吗？
unsure of yourself
■without confidence in yourself 对自己没有信心
• As a new teacher I was very unsure of myself when I was in front of a class. 作为一名新教师站在全班面前时，我很不自信。
adj. 不确定的；不肯定的；没有自信的
 - indefinite, inconclusive

Word: bound
Front: bound
[baʊnd] (高研四六托雅 8004/3174 -K3)
Vocabulary: bound
(once / 39 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj 5nv 6vn
To bound is to jump or hop — usually as you run. Bound can also mean to go or to plan to go, especially to a certain destination, as in being bound for New York or homeward-bound.
Superman can "leap tall buildings in a single bound," but the word bound is usually about boundaries. When you're playing soccer or football, the ball goes "out of bounds." Someone can also be bound with rope — tied up. Commitments are another kind of tie. When you get married, you're bound to your partner. If you make a promise, you're bound to your word. On a less pleasant note, if you're constipated, you're bound up.
WORD FAMILY
bound: boundary, bounded, bounder, bounding, boundingly, boundless, bounds, inbound, rebound, unbound+/ boundary: boundaries/bounded: boundedness, unbounded/bounder: bounderish, bounders/ boundless: boundlessly, boundlessness/ rebound: rebounded, rebounding, rebounds/unbound: unboundedly/unbounded: unboundedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The slip roads east and west bound at junction 24 of the M62 remain closed.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“You really understand the full bounds of the problem.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most of the students are bound for U.S. universities, Relacion said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 跳，弹跳; 限制; 接壤
vt. 给…划界，限制; 使弹回，使跳跃; 束缚
n. 界限，限制; 跃起; （球等的）反跳
adj. 用带子绑住的; 有义务的; 装订的，有封面的; [化，物]结合的
时态：bound, bounded, bounding, bounds
分布：跳跃(25%)，界限(13%)，跳(13%)，有义务的(12%)，范围(11%)，装订的(9%)，受约束的(6%)，跳跃前进(4%)，猛涨(3%)，动词bind的过去式和过去分词形式(2%)，必定的(2%)
→1.弹，跳，拟声词，同bounce.
v./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,一定的;n.界限He's bound to go, and nothing could stop him.他决定要走,任何事都阻止不了他.
adjective
CERTAIN 肯定的
[after verb]
■certain or extremely likely to happen 肯定的；极有可能的；必然的；注定了的
• [+ to infinitive] You're bound to forget people's names occasionally. 你肯定会偶尔忘记别人的名字。
• You're bound to feel nervous about your interview. 面试时你很可能会感到紧张。
• These two young musicians are bound for international success (= are certain to be successful). 这两位年轻的音乐家一定会蜚声国际。
be bound and determined US
■to be seriously intending to do something 一定要
• They are bound and determined to build their own house someday. 他们坚信总有一天他们会盖起自己的房子。
I'll be bound UK old-fashioned
■I am certain 我敢肯定，我敢保证
• He's in the pub, I'll be bound. 我敢肯定他在酒吧。
[baʊnd] adjective
FORCED 被迫的
[after verb] [+ to infinitive]
■having a moral or legal duty to do something 受束缚的，受约束的；（法律或道德上）有义务的
• The company is bound by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions. 公司受一项特殊协定的约束，须请工会参与重大决策。
• She feels (duty) bound to tell him everything. 她觉得自己有义务告诉他一切。
[baʊnd] adjective
FASTENED 捆绑
■tied with rope, cord , string, etc. （用绳、线等）捆好的，绑住的
• We found the girl bound and gagged. 我们发现女孩被绑住了，嘴也堵上了。
■(of a book) having a cover made of paper, leather or other material （书籍的）封皮
• The book was bound in shiny green leather. 该书是用闪亮的绿皮面装帧的。
[baʊnd] adjective
DIRECTION 方向
[after verb]
■going to 正在到…去；准备前往…；开往…
• She was on a plane bound for Moscow when she became ill. 她在前往莫斯科的飞机上突然生病了。
[baʊnd] verb
JUMP 跳跃
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move quickly with large jumping movements 跳跃；跳动；跳跃着前进
[baʊnd] verb
BORDER 分界线
transitive usually passive
■to mark or form the limits of 形成…的疆界；成为…的界线
• The village is bounded on one side by a river. 村庄的一边以一条河为界。
[baʊnd] verb
TIE past simple and past participle of
■ bind (TIE) 捆
[baʊnd] noun
JUMP 跳跃
countable
■a quick large jump 跃过
• With one bound the dog was over the fence. 那条狗一下就跃过了篱笆。
[baʊnd] noun
LIMIT 界限
bounds
[plural]
■legal or social limits （法律或社会的）界限，限制，限定区域
• The committee felt that newspaper coverage of the murder went beyond reasonable bounds. 委员会觉得报纸对谋杀案的报导超出了正常的范围。
• What you did was beyond/outside the bounds of acceptable behaviour. 你的所作所为令人无法接受。
• His desire for political power apparently knows no bounds (= seems to be unlimited). 他对政治权力的欲望显然没有止境。
be out of bounds
■If an area is out of bounds, people are not allowed to go there. （某地）禁止入内
skip, hop, spring, bound, leap, jump
这组词都有“跳，跳跃”的意思，其区别是：
skip: 指两脚交替轻地跳或跨的动作。
hop: 指单脚短跳或双足猛力的动作。也指小鸟、青蛙等的跳。
spring: 更强调有力和弹跳的运动。
bound: 多指向前向上或向下跳跃、奔跳。
leap: 常可与jump换用，但侧重身体猛力向上升起并朝前急冲的动作，有时含突然的意味。
jump: 是普通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。
adj. 有义务的；受约束的；装有封面的
 - controlled, liable
vt. 束缚；使跳跃
 - chain, jump, dance
n. 范围；跳跃
 - region, extent, scope, spectrum, territory, range, area
vi. 限制；弹起
 - to limit, be confined to

Word: latitude
Front: latitude
[ˈlætɪtju:d] (研六托雅宝 7992/10209 -1)
Vocabulary: latitude
(once / 382 pages)
1n 2n
Use the word latitude to describe how much freedom you have in making choices. For example, if a teacher gives you latitude in writing your paper, you might get to choose the topic and how many sources to include.
Latitude is related to the Latin word latitudo, meaning "breadth, width, extent, size." You might already know that latitude is used to indicate the distance an object is from the equator, measured from north to south. Latitude can also be used to mean "be given the space to act and decide for oneself," like the latitude parents might give responsible kids.
WORD FAMILY
latitude: latitudes, latitudinal, latitudinarian+/latitudinal: latitudinally/latitudinarian: latitudinarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Michigan contract particularly alarmed some experts because of what they perceived as its broad latitude.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
To call 2016 an unusual year is to grant massive latitude to the term “understatement.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But even at temperate European latitudes, scientists were finding plants moving north, new insects arriving and previously unseen diseases.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 纬度; 范围; [天]黄纬
分布：纬度(83%)，自由(17%)
→来自拉丁语latus,宽的，来自stel,*ster,展开，词源同locus,structure,stratum,字母l,r音变。即展开的宽度，后用于地理纬度，比较longitude.
纬度,言行自由(lat宽,阔)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
纬度;自由[lat=wide(宽)]
n.纬度,行动或言论的自由(范围),(pl.)地区Prolong the sponge along the longitude and latitude at an altitude.沿着经度和纬度在一高度延长海绵.
【记】lati宽度，tude－纬度，引申为自由很宽。
【反】strict limitation（严格的限制）；tightly restrained（严格的限制）；constraint（n 约束）
US ['lætˌ.ɪ.tu:d] noun
POSITION 位置
countable or uncountable
■the position north or south of the equator measured from 0° to 90° 纬度 Compare longitude
latitudes [plural]
■an area near to a particular latitude 纬度区域
• At these latitudes the sun does not rise at all on winter days. 处于这些纬度的地区冬天根本就见不到太阳。
UK ['læt.ɪ.tju:d] US ['lætˌ.ɪ.tu:d] noun
FREEDOM 自由
uncountable formal
■freedom to behave, act or think in the way you want to （言行或思维上的）自由
• Courts can show a considerable degree of latitude when it comes to applying the law. 法庭在依法量刑断案方面有较大的自由度。
n. [地理] 纬度；界限；活动范围
 - bourn, circumscription

Word: prostitution
Front: prostitution
[ˌprɒstɪˈtju:ʃn] (8005/10087)
Back: n. 卖淫; 滥用某事物; 出卖灵魂
分布：卖淫(96%)，滥用(4%)
卖淫[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
US [ˌprɑ:.stɪ'tu:-] noun uncountable
■the work of a prostitute 卖淫
• Poverty drove her to prostitution. 贫困迫使她去卖淫。
n. 卖淫；滥用；出卖灵魂
 - abuse, vice

Word: meaningless
Front: meaningless
[ˈmi:nɪŋləs] (7995/6897 -1)
Back: adj. 无意义的，无价值的; “meaning”的派生; 无谓
分布：无意义的(96%)，不重要的(2%)，晦涩的(2%)
→meaning,意义，-less,无，没有。
adjective
NO MEANING 无意义的
■having no meaning 无意义的
• a meaningless phrase 无意义的短语
['mi:.nɪŋ.ləs] adjective
NOT IMPORTANT 不重要的
■having no importance or value 无意义的，无价值的
• a meaningless gesture 毫无意义的手势
adj. 无意义的；无目的的
 - empty, purportless

Word: ceramics
Front: ceramics
[sɪ'ræmɪks] (托宝 8006/-)
Vocabulary: ceramics
(once / 11289 pages)
n
The branch of art known as ceramics is all about making pottery. A ceramics class might teach you to make a bowl from clay using a pottery wheel.
In ceramics, artists pinch cups and figures from clay, and create bowls, plates, and pots by spinning and shaping the clay on a wheel. Most of these items — which can also be called ceramics — are glazed or painted, and baked in an extremely hot oven. The word ceramics comes from the Greek word keramos, "potter's clay," or "tiles."
WORD FAMILY
ceramics: ceramicist, ceramist+/ceramic: ceramically, ceramics /ceramicist: ceramicists/ceramist: ceramists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “whatnots” are dispersed throughout the shop and include silverware, ceramics, clothing, books and trinkets.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The sale features ceramics, prints, paintings, cards, jewelry and more.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Included in that is oxidized metals, chunky ceramics, textiles, natural woods — and, in a big way, cement tile.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 制陶术; 陶器制造; 陶瓷工艺; 陶瓷制品( ceramic的名词复数 ); 陶瓷器; 制陶艺术; 陶瓷装潢艺术
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable
■the production of objects by shaping pieces of clay which are then made hard by baking 制陶艺术；陶器制造
[sɪ'ræm.ɪks] plural noun
■the objects produced by shaping and heating clay, especially when considered as art 陶瓷制品

Word: adorn
Front: adorn
[əˈdɔ:n] (托宝 8007/8692 -1)
Vocabulary: adorn
(once / 276 pages)
v
To adorn is to dress something up by decorating it. You might adorn your poncho with fringe or your poodle's dog collar with rhinestones.
Adorn shares some Latin roots with words like ornament and ornate. So it makes sense that some people adorn their Christmas trees with tinsel and lights. Others adorn their eyelids with glitter. In any case, if you want to adorn yourself with all kinds of fabulous baubles, it might be wise to follow Coco Chanel's advice: take at least one accessory off before you walk out the door.
WORD FAMILY
adorn: adorned, adorning, adornment, adorns+/adorned: unadorned / adornment: adornments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across the hall is the massive dining room, adorned too with holiday decorations.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On Sunday, New Yorkers were mesmerized by the artwork adorning the walls.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The picture was adorned with gold necklaces and rings.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰，修饰; 佩戴; 使生色
时态：adorned, adorning, adorns
分布：装饰(91%)，佩戴(9%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根orn,装饰，见ornament, 装饰物，词源同词根ord, 安排，见order.
装饰,修饰(ad加以+orn装饰)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
【参】suborn（v 贿赂）；ornate（adj 华丽的）
US [-'dɔ:rn] literary
verb transitive
■to add something decorative to a person or thing 装扮；装饰
• The bride's hair was adorned with pearls and white flowers. 新娘的头上戴着珍珠和白花。
vt. 装饰；使生色
 - paint, hang

Word: acceleration
Front: acceleration
[əkˌseləˈreɪʃn] (四托 8018/7072 -1)
Vocabulary: acceleration
(once / 2821 pages)
n
Acceleration is the act of increasing speed. When you buy a sports car, you want one that has great acceleration, so it can go from zero to 60 miles an hour in no time.
Acceleration comes from the Latin word accelerationem, which means "a hastening." When you hasten, you hurry, so acceleration is a speeding-up. Maybe you are walking to an appointment and realize you will be late. You pick up your pace — that's acceleration. If the rain on a stormy day begins to come down faster, that too is acceleration. As you can see, acceleration isn't just for cars.
WORD FAMILY
acceleration: accelerations+/ accelerate: accelerated, accelerates, accelerating, acceleration, accelerative, accelerator, acceleratory/accelerative: acceleratively/ accelerator: accelerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The third quarter increase was a sharp acceleration from tepid annual growth of 0.8 percent in the first quarter and 1.4 percent in the second.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A few months ago, newspapers saw a sudden acceleration of losses in print advertising.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
It’s clear the minivan revolution didn’t include tire-smoking acceleration, as I learned when I pressed the loaner’s gas pedal to the floor.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 加速; <物>加速度; 加速升级; （优秀学生的）跳级
分布：加速(62%)，加速度(36%)，促进(2%)
加速[celer=quick,speed,表示"快,速"]
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■when something goes faster, or its ability to do this 增速，加快；加速性能
• An older car will have poor acceleration. 旧车的加速性能差。
• High winds significantly hampered the plane's acceleration. 强风严重影响了飞机的加速。
[S or U]
■when something happens faster 加速
• The acceleration in the decline of manufacturing industry is being blamed on the high value of sterling. 有人认为英镑强劲是制造业加速衰退的罪魁祸首。
n. [物] 加速，促进； [力] 加速度
 - promotion, impetus, speeding up

Word: detainee
Front: detainee
[ˌdi:teɪˈni:] (8016/13381 -1)
Back: n. 被拘留者; 未判决囚犯
noun countable
■a person who has been officially ordered to stay in a prison or similar place, especially for political reasons （尤指因政治原因的）被拘留者，被关押者
• a political detainee 政治犯

Word: rabbi
Front: rabbi
[ˈræbaɪ] (8012/12985 -1)
Vocabulary: rabbi
(once / 3135 pages)
n
If being a rabbi was just a matter of long beards and black suits, then ZZ Top could have opened up a yeshiva. A rabbi is a Jewish spiritual leader who is a scholar of Torah laws and customs.
The word rabbi comes from the Hebrew raba, meaning "great" or "revered," as seen in the Hebrew expressions saba raba (great grandfather) or hatzlacha raba (a blessing for much success). Rabbis might serve one or more of a number of roles within a Jewish community, including motivational speakers, Torah legal authorities, teachers, mentors, therapists, or as mohels who can perform ritual circumcisions.
WORD FAMILY
rabbi: rabbinic, rabbinical, rabbis+/rabbinic: rabbinically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such prayers, led by a wide variety of priests, ministers, rabbis, imams and other religious figures, are a daily routine in both houses of Congress.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Its rabbi, Zalman Melamed, wrote a tract calling on soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces to disobey orders to evacuate “Jewish settlements in Israel.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
North Beach Chabad leader Miryum Mochkin, wife of the Chabad’s rabbi, says she believes the theft is a hate crime.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 犹太法学博士; 先生，老师
分布：拉比(81%)，法师(15%)，犹太的法学博士(4%)
→来自希伯来语rabbi,吾师，大师，来自闪语三字母根r- b-b,伟大的。
noun countable
■a religious leader and teacher in the Jewish religion 拉比（犹太教领袖和经师）
• Rabbi Jonathan Sacks 乔纳森．萨克斯拉比
• [as form of address] Good morning, Rabbi. 早安，拉比。
n. 拉比（犹太人的学者）；法师；犹太教律法专家；先生
 - sir, don, gentleman

Word: equate
Front: equate
[iˈkweɪt] (六托宝 7997/7118 -1)
Vocabulary: equate
(once / 501 pages)
v
When you equate one thing with another, you say that they are both the same. You might equate indulging in a hot fudge sundae with giving up on your body entirely, but I would disagree.
To equate means to make things equal, and it’s a useful word because this is something people do all the time. They equate strong political views with fascism, they equate having lots of money with good taste, and they equate popularity with goodness. Remember, though, that just because you equate one thing with another does not mean that they really are the same! As you have no doubt noticed, equate has the Latin root equ that means "equal, level," so look there if you need a reminder as to its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
equate: equable, equatability, equated, equates, equating, equation, equator +/coequal: coequally/ equable: equablest, equably/ equal: coequal, equaled, equaling, equalise, equality, equalize, equalled, equalling, equally, equals, equate, unequal/equaled: unequaled/equalisation: equalisations/equalise: equalisation, equalised, equaliser, equalises, equalising/equalised: unequalised/equalitarian: equalitarianism/ equality: equalitarian, equalities, inequality /equalization: equalizations/equalize: equalization, equalized, equalizer, equalizes, equalizing/equalized: unequalized/equalizer: equalizers/equalled: unequalled/ equation: equations/ equator: equatorial, equators/equatorial: equatorially, equatorials/ inequality: inequalities/unequal: unequally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I always think it’s odd if anybody equates the depiction of a city via an artistic lens with the actual city,” Brownstein said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
HUD and other agencies equated racial disparities in loan approvals with racial discrimination, even if there were no actual complaints of racism from would-be borrowers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
That reality is discouraging for Ashton Applewhite, an anti-ageism activist who equates plastic surgery with “a prejudice against your own future self.”
Washington Post(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 使相等; 相当于; 等同
时态：equated, equating, equates
分布：等同(93%)，使相等(5%)，同等看待(2%)
使平等(equ+ate表动词)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
verb transitive
■to consider one thing to be the same as or equal to another thing 同等看待；使等同；使相等
• He complained that there was a tendency to equate right-wing politics with self-interest. 他抱怨说，人们往往会把右翼政见和自私自利混为一谈。
[ɪ'kweɪt] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  equate to sth
■to be the same in amount, number or size 相当于；等于
• The price of such goods in those days equates to about $50 a kilo at current prices. 那个时候这类商品的价格大概相当于现价50美元1公斤。
vt. 使相等；视为平等
 - even up

Word: clearing
Front: clearing
[ˈklɪərɪŋ] (六 8009/6924 -2)
Vocabulary: clearing
(once / 403 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A clearing is an area that's open, with no trees, especially one in the middle of the woods or that's been cleared for planting. A clearing at the edge of the forest is a nice place to build a cabin.
The noun clearing is a good way to describe an open place in the midst of dense growth, like a field or a glade in a forest. Some clearings are created deliberately for cultivating crops or building houses, while others come naturally from fires or droughts. This word first appeared in American English around 1818.
WORD FAMILY
clearing: clearings+/ clear: clearance, cleared, clearer, clearest, clearing, clearly, clearness, clears, unclear/clearance: clearances/cleared: uncleared/clearness: clearnesses/unclear: unclearly, unclearness
USAGE EXAMPLES
French police discovered the charred remains of 14 victims — arranged in a star formation — in a forest clearing near the Alpine city of Grenoble.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
French police discovered the charred remains of 14 victims - arranged in a star formation - in a forest clearing near the Alpine city of Grenoble.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Food and Drug Administration clearing just 22 new medicines for sale, the lowest number since 2010 and sharply down on 2015's tally of 45.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 小块空地，林中空地; 结算; 清扫; <军>前方医院，医疗后送站
v. 变明朗( clear的现在分词); 澄清; （通过票据交换所）交换票据
分布：结算(47%)，清除(42%)，票据交换(10%)，动词clear的现在分词.(1%)
→来自clear,清晰的。
US ['klɪr.ɪŋ] noun countable
■an area in a wood or forest from which trees and bushes have been removed 林中空地
n. 结算；空地；清扫
 - settlement, balancing

Word: unseen
Front: unseen
[ˌʌnˈsi:n] (8001/8594 -1)
Back: adj. 看不见的; 未看见的; 未事先过目的; 即席的
n. 即席翻译; 即席翻译的文章
分布：未看见的(68%)，即席的(32%)
adjective
■not seen or not able to be seen 未被看见的；无形的；隐形的
• She found the side-door open and slipped into the house unseen. 她发现侧门开着，就偷偷溜了进去。
• Unseen birds sang in the trees above us. 一些看不见的鸟儿在我们头顶的树上歌唱。
adj. 看不见的，未看见的；未经预习的
 - invisible, perdu

Word: Asian
Front: Asian
['eɪʃ(ə)n] (中高 2351/3725)
Back: n. 亚洲人
adj. 亚洲的；亚洲人的
分布：亚洲的(49%)，亚洲人(36%)，亚洲人的(15%)
noun countable
■someone who comes from the continent of Asia, or a member of a race originally from Asia 亚洲人；亚裔人
■in the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, someone from China, Japan or countries near them （在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和纽西兰指来自中国、日本及其邻国的）东亚人
■in the UK, someone from India, Pakistan or countries near them （在英国指来自印度、巴基斯坦及其邻国的）南亚人
['eɪ.ʒən] adjective
■of or related to Asia 亚洲的

Word: alarm
Front: alarm
[əˈlɑ:m] (高研四托雅 3693/3004 -K3)
Vocabulary: alarm
(once / 92 pages)
nv
On a clock, the alarm can be set to go off at a certain time to wake nearby sleepers. You should always check the alarm on the clock at a hotel because a previous guest may have it set to go off in the middle of the night.
The noun alarm refers to a signal that is meant to rouse, alert, or awaken someone. On April 18, 1775, William Dawes, Paul Revere, and several others rode from Boston to Lexington, Massachusetts to raise the alarm that the British were coming. As a verb, alarm means to be filled with anxiety or apprehension. You may become alarmed if your children become too quiet. Never a good sign — they are probably up to something mischievous.
WORD FAMILY
alarm: alarmed, alarming, alarmism, alarms+/alarmed: alarmedly/ alarming: alarmingest, alarmingly, unalarming/alarmism: alarmist/alarmist: alarmists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flotilla raised alarm in Japan when it steamed between the Japanese islands of Miyako and Okinawa.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Suddenly, that £5 cappuccino on Oxford Street is no longer cause for outright alarm.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Michigan contract particularly alarmed some experts because of what they perceived as its broad latitude.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Back: n. 惊恐; 警报; 闹铃; 动员令
vt. 使惊恐; 警告; 给（门等）安装警报器
时态：alarmed, alarming, alarms
分布：警报(65%)，警报器(13%)，惊恐(11%)，警告(7%)，使惊恐(3%)，向 ... 报警(1%)
→来自意大利语all’arme, 全部拿起武器。
n.惊恐;警报(器)vt.惊动,惊吓;向...报警The alarm harmed the charming harmony of the ceremony.警报声损害了典礼迷人的和谐.
US [-lɑ:rm] noun
WARNING 警告
 IMPROVER countable
■a warning of danger, typically a loud noise or flashing light 警报
• If there's any trouble, raise/sound the alarm by pulling the emergency cord. 如果出现任何问题，拉紧急警报索报警。
• The first two bomb alerts were false alarms, but the third was for real. 前两次炸弹警报是一场虚惊，但是第三次是真的。
 IMPROVER countable
■a device which makes a loud noise to warn of danger 警报器；警报装置
• a burglar/car/fire/smoke alarm 防盗／汽车／防火／烟雾警报器
countable * an alarm clock
countable
■If an electronic device such as a watch or computer has an alarm, it can be set to make a noise at a particular time. 闹铃装置；定时装置
UK [ə'lɑ:m] US [-lɑ:rm] noun
WORRY 担忧
 ADVANCED uncountable
■sudden worry and fear, especially that something dangerous or unpleasant might happen 惊恐，惊慌；担忧
• I didn't tell her that he was late because I didn't want to cause her any alarm. 我没有告诉她他来晚了，因为我不想让她担惊受怕。
• Villagers have reacted with alarm to news of a proposed new road. 听说有修新路的计划，村民都十分恐慌。
UK [ə'lɑ:m] US [-lɑ:rm] noun
raise the alarm
■to make people understand the danger of something 发出警报；报警
• A local doctor was the first to raise the alarm about this latest virus. 当地一名医生最先就这种最新病毒向人们发出警告。
UK [ə'lɑ:m] US [-lɑ:rm] noun
ring / sound alarm bells
■If something rings/sounds alarm bells, it makes you start to worry because it is a sign that there may be a problem 敲警钟；发出危险信号；引起警觉
• The name rang alarm bells in her mind. 这个名字引起了她的警觉。
UK [ə'lɑ:m] US [-lɑ:rm] verb transitive
■to make someone worried or frightened
• I didn't want to alarm him by telling him that she was ill. 我不想让他担心，没有告诉他她生病的事。
alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread
这些名词均含“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意。
alarm: 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。
fear: 普通用词，侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。
fright: 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧，有时含夸张意味。
horror: 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。
panic: 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。
terror: 指极大的恐惧和惊骇，语气最强。
dread: 可与fear换用，着重害怕的心理，但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。
alarm, frightem, startle, terrify, scare, intimidate
这些动词均有“惊吓、惊恐”之意。
alarm: 着重指某人意识到危险而突然产生的惊恐。
frightem: 普通用词，使用广泛，指产生突然、短暂的惊慌、恐怖感。
startle: 强调突然使人惊骇或震惊。
terrify: 语气最强，指惊骇得六神无主，魂飞魄散。
scare: 指非正式文体中可与frighten换用，但语气较重，侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在干的事或跑掉。
intimidate: 特指恐吓某人，迫使其做某事。
n. 警报， [安全] 警告器；惊慌
 - panic, tocsin
vt. 警告；使惊恐
 - exercise, alert, warn

Word: inaugural
Front: inaugural
[ɪˈnɔ:gjərəl] (宝 8015/12070 -1)
Vocabulary: inaugural
(once / 2281 pages)
adjn
An inaugural is a ceremony inducting someone into a new position, especially the President. We also call the President's first speech an inaugural address.
This word has to do with ceremonies and firsts: an inaugural or inaugural address is the first speech made by a President at a ceremony also called the inauguration. This word is highly associated with Presidents, but it can apply to any kind of official first. An inaugural trip to China is a first trip to China. If you want to make a first sound fancy or important, try inaugural.
WORD FAMILY
inaugural: inaugurals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Outside of the inaugural mayoral contests, there will be elections to 34 councils in England.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
In it, she writes that by performing at the Jan. 20 inaugural, the 360-member choir will appear to be “endorsing tyranny and fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Church spokesman Eric Hawkins told the Salt Lake Tribune that participation in the choir and the inaugural performance was voluntary.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 就职的，就任的; 创始的，最早的
n. 就职典礼; 就职演说
分布：就职演说(62%)，就职典礼(20%)，开幕的(10%)，首次的(4%)，就职典礼的(4%)
→来自inaugurate,就职。
US [-'nɑ:.gjɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■an inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job 就职的；就任的（演讲）
• the President's inaugural address to the nation 总统向全国发表的就职演说
■an inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events 首次的；初始的
• the inaugural meeting of the archaeological society 考古组织的第一次会议
adj. 开始的；开幕的；就任的，就职的
 - opening, preliminary

Word: Shiite
Front: Shiite
['ʃiːaɪt] (8022/42594)
Vocabulary: Shiite
(once / 6652 pages)
n
A Shiite is a person who belongs to one of the two main branches of Islam. A Shiite is a Muslim who follows specific religious traditions.
Shiites are the second-largest branch of Islam, after Sunnis. A Shiite believes that Mohammed's son-in-law, Ali, was his legitimate successor as political and religious leader and prophet. Though Shiites hold this basic belief in common, there are further divisions within Shia Islam, another name for the group of Shiites. You can also call a Shiite a Shia, which is its root as well — from the Arabic shi'ah, "partisans or followers."
WORD FAMILY
Shiite: Shiites+/Shi'ite: Shi'ites/Shia: Shi'ite, Shias, Shiite
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, it claimed an attack by five suicide bombers in the Shiite holy city of Najaf, killing eight people and wounding nearly two dozen.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
In an online statement, the Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attack, saying it targeted Shiites.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The police and hospital officials said the Sunday attack near the holy Shiite city of Najaf also wounded 22.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 什叶派教徒
adj. 什叶派的
分布：什叶派教徒(100%)
→来自 Shia,穆斯林什叶派，-ite,人，成员。
(also Shi'ite) ['ʃi:.aɪt] noun countable
■a Shia

Word: Hindu
Front: Hindu
['hɪnduː] (8019/9023 -2)
Vocabulary: Hindu
(once / 651 pages)
1adjn 2n
A Hindu is a person who believes in the religion called Hinduism. Many Hindus live in India.
Use the term Hindu to talk about someone who follows the teachings and practices of Hinduism, or who has a cultural connection to Hinduism. If you're a Hindu, you belong to the third largest religion in the world, and one with many different gods and goddesses. The word Hindu used to refer to anyone from India, from the Persian word for "India," Hind. The ultimate root is the Sanskrit word sindhu, or "river."
WORD FAMILY
Hindu: Hindus
USAGE EXAMPLES
Professor Smith soon became president of a Hindu society and associate minister of a Methodist congregation in St. Louis.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
JAKARTA, Indonesia — One resort, planned as the largest in Bali, will overlook a spectacular Hindu temple.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Many of them involve followers of the Hindu tradition, the one which Erickson begrudgingly says would be OK with him.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 印度人；印度教教徒
adj. 印度教的；印度的
分布：印度人(44%)，印度的(36%)，印度教信徒(18%)，与印度有关的(2%)
→词源同India,印度。用于指印度教教徒。
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■someone who believes in Hinduism 印度教教徒
adj. 印度的；印度教的
 - Indian
n. 印度人；印度教教徒
 - Indian

Word: theoretically
Front: theoretically
[ˌθɪə'retɪklɪ] (8003/7829)
Back: adv. 理论地，理论上
分布：理论上(100%)
US [ˌθi:.ə're-] adverb
■in a way that obeys some rules but is not likely 理论上
• It is theoretically possible. 它在理论上是可能的。
adv. 理论地；理论上
 - notionally

Word: unify
Front: unify
[ˈju:nɪfaɪ] (研六托雅宝 8008/10032 -2)
Vocabulary: unify
(once / 1215 pages)
v
When you bring together unlike elements, you unify them. Political movements can unify people by inspiring them to work towards a shared goal. Likewise, a shared love of a team or band can unify people who otherwise don't have much in common.
The verb unify comes from the Latin prefix uni-, “one,” and the root facere, “to make.” When you unify things, you make them one. Often squabbling people just need someone to point out their similarities in order to unify them. If your classmates are sabotaging each other to try to win the “best-decorated locker” award, you might be able to unify their efforts suggesting a “most awesome class” award instead.
WORD FAMILY
unify: disunify, unification, unified, unifies, unifying +/disunify: disunified, disunifying/subunit: subunits/ unification: unifications/ unifying: unifyingly/ unit: subunit, unify, unitise, unitize, units/unitise: unitisation/unitize: unitization, unitized, unitizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials said the city plans to launch immediate recovery efforts from a unified command center at Burke Lakefront Airport.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A tweet Thursday from the Unified Police official Twitter account announced the arrest of Oscar Bermejo-Zaragoza.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While there may be shortcomings in governance, it is clear that the government’s intention is to create a unified state to benefit all Ethiopians.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使联合; 使相同; 使一致; 统一
时态：unified, unifying, unifies
分布：使统一、使成为一体(100%)
统一(uni+fy)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
v.使联合,统一;使相同,使一致All these small states were unified into one nation.所有这些小国被统一成了一个国家.
【反】partition（v 区分；分割）
verb transitive
■to bring together; combine 整合；统一；使成一体
• If the new leader does manage to unify his warring party it will be quite an achievement. 如果新领导人能将党内互相争斗的各派力量整合起来，那将是个了不起的成就。
vt. 统一；使相同，使一致
 - accord, reconcile

Word: famed
Front: famed
[feɪmd] (8010/11652)
Vocabulary: famed
(once / 496 pages)
adj
Something that's famed is very well-known, or famous. Your dad's famed brownies are the highlight of every bake sale in town.
The adjective famed basically means "renowned." In other words, something that's famed is famous, usually for its excellence. If a book is famed, it's either a bestseller or a classic, and if your English teacher is famed, it's probably hard to get into her classes because everyone wants to take them. The 16th century meaning of famed was "much talked about," from the now-obsolete verb fame, "spread abroad or report."
WORD FAMILY
famed: ill-famed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Playing famed instruments from Stradivarius and Monegnana, his recordings of works by Bach, Shostakovich and Brahms earned him several prestigious music prizes.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, famed for his Gateway Arch in St. Louis, is profiled on the season finale of “American Masters.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s within the Camden, a new multiuse complex near the famed intersection of Hollywood and Vine, highlighting the neighborhood’s tony transformation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 著名的，出名的
分布：著名的(99%)，动词fame的过去式和过去分词形式.(1%)
adjective
■known or familiar to many people 著名的；闻名的
• It's a city famed for its ski slopes and casinos. 这座城市以其滑雪场和赌场闻名。
• His famed calmness temporarily deserted him. 他一时失去了惯常的镇定。
adj. 著名的
 - famous, noted, renowned, distinguished, celebrated

Word: twisted
Front: twisted
[ˈtwɪstɪd] (8013/8695 -K)
Back: adj. （感情、欲望等）反常的，变态的
v. 扭，搓，缠绕( twist的过去式和过去分词 ); 歪曲; 转动; 扭转
分布：扭曲的(88%)，古怪的(7%)，动词twist的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
adjective
BENT 扭曲的
 ADVANCED
■bent so that the original shape is changed or destroyed 扭曲的，变形的
• a twisted tree trunk 扭曲的树干
• a twisted ankle 扭伤的脚踝
• twisted metal 扭弯的金属
['twɪs.tɪd] adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的
■strange and slightly unpleasant or cruel 怪癖的；怪诞的；变态的
• The letter was clearly the product of a twisted mind. 写这封信的人显然是心理变态。
• The experience had left her bitter and twisted. 这次经历使她变得既刻毒又怪僻。
adj. 扭曲的
 - tortuous, screwy

Word: turnout
Front: turnout
[ˈtɜ:naʊt] (8011/10654 -1)
Back: n. 产量; 出动; （集会的）出席者，到会者; [公路]岔道
分布：投票人数(40%)，出动(21%)，衣着(12%)，到场人数(12%)，产出(9%)，扫除(6%)
US ['tɝ:n-] noun countable
■the number of people who are present at an event, especially the number who go to vote at an election 到场人数；（尤指）投票人数
• Good weather on polling day should ensure a good turnout. 投票日天气好应该能让相当多的人来投票。
n. [经] 产量；出席者；出动；清除； [公路] 岔道
 - crop, output, cleaning, yield, harvest

Word: indifference
Front: indifference
[ɪnˈdɪfrəns] (托 8021/7765)
Vocabulary: indifference
(once / 301 pages)
n
Indifference is the trait of lacking interest or enthusiasm in things. When you feel indifference for something, you neither like it nor dislike it.
If you are a person who feels a lot of indifference, you probably say "eh," a lot. You just don't care much. Indifference can be compared to apathy, which means "lack of concern," though apathy is a little stronger: Apathy means you don't care whether your friends call you; indifference means you don't care what movie you end up seeing — you don't have a strong preference for any of the choices.
WORD FAMILY
indifference: indifferences+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differential: differentially, differentials/ differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
We hope they finally see that treating budget victims with Scrooge-like indifference during protracted political standoffs does the public an incredible injustice.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The stories got more and more extreme and just revealed a really cruel indifference to the way people were actually suffering.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
“Jesus was born rejected by some and regarded by many others with indifference,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 不重视，不在乎，漠不关心; 中立，中性; 冷淡; 无差
分布：漠不关心(86%)，不重视(12%)，无兴趣(2%)
→来自indifferent,冷淡的。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■lack of interest in someone or something 不感兴趣；漠不关心，冷淡
• Many native speakers of a language show indifference to/towards grammatical points. 许多人都不关注其母语的文法。
• His attitude was one of bored indifference. 他的态度既不耐烦又漠不关心。
n. 漠不关心；冷淡；不重视；中立
 - nonchalance, dryness

Word: pharmacy
Front: pharmacy
[ˈfɑ:məsi] (研雅 8014/15531 -1)
Back: n. 药房; 配药学，药学; 制药业; 一批备用药品
分布：药房(84%)，药剂学(16%)
→来自希腊语pharmakeia,用药，药品，制药，治疗，巫术，来自pharmakis,巫术，魔力，咒语。词义演变比较leech,医生，古义为念咒的人。
n.药房,药剂学,制药业,配药业,一批备用药品
US ['fɑ:r-] noun
countable
■a shop or part of a shop in which medicines are prepared and sold 药店，药房；（商店的）药品部
countable
■part of a hospital where medicines are prepared （医院的）药房，配药室
uncountable
■the activity or study of medicine preparation 配药；配药学，药剂学
n. 药房； [药] 配药学，药剂学；制药业；一批备用药品
 - dispensary, officina

Word: contingency
Front: contingency
[kənˈtɪndʒənsi] (雅 8027/7087 -1)
Vocabulary: contingency
(once / 1422 pages)
n
If you plan to walk home if the weather is nice, but bring subway fare just in case, then taking the subway is your contingency plan. A contingency is an event you can't be sure will happen or not.
The noun contingency describes something that might or might not happen. We use it to describe an event or situation that is a possible outcome but one that's impossible to predict with certainty. A company might have a contingency plan for what to do if something goes wrong with their primary strategy, also known as "plan B." They might even have plans C, D, and E, to prepare for multiple contingencies.
WORD FAMILY
contingency: contingencies+/ contingent: contingency, contingently, contingents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first few precious moments of "A New Hope" follow the angry revolutionary pulling together a contingency plan to smuggle spy documents off a spaceship.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It is prompting some brands to pre-emptively draft informal contingency plans, and others, like H&R Block, to spend money shoring up their reputation.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Tillerson remained a contingency, but his stock was starting to rise.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 意外事故，偶发事件; 可能性，偶然性; [审计]意外开支
分布：偶然(81%)，偶发事件(19%)
→con-, 强调。-ting, 接触，词源同contact,tangible. 指接触到的，偶然发生的。
偶然;意外事故(con+ting+ency→两件事接触→两车相撞→意外事故)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
[kən'tɪn.dʒənt.si] formal
noun countable
■something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems or making further arrangements necessary 可能发生的事；意外事件，不测事件
• You must be able to deal with all possible contingencies. 你必须能应付一切可能发生的意外事件。
• Have you made any contingency plans ? 你们制订应急方案了吗？
n. 偶然性； [安全] 意外事故；可能性； [审计] 意外开支
 - possibility, probability, feasibility, potential, chance

Word: bill
Front: bill
[bɪl] (中高研四托雅 8026/837 -K4)
Vocabulary: bill
(once / 41 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n
When thinking about all the many meanings of the simple word bill think of the bill you get in a restaurant. A piece of paper that someone pushes toward you, right?
In the legislature, laws draft form are called bills––pieces of paper being passed around. Dollar bills and advertising bills get passed around too. A bird will push the bill of their beak into things too, and the bill of your baseball hat is the part that sticks out in front of the rest of you. When an actor demands top billing, they want to come first on the billboard marquis in front of the theater (and everywhere else).
WORD FAMILY
bill: billed, billing, bills+/billed: billeder
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's a great moment for Test cricket," said commentator Bill Lawry on Australia's Nine Network.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
I found it odd in the heart of Buffalo Bills country to encounter another Seahawks fan.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Pratt also vouched for the concealed carry legislation from Rep. Richard Hudson, the North Carolina Republican who introduced the bill in the House.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 账单; 钞票; 清单; 广告
vt. 安排; 给…开账单; 为…发提（货）单; 把…登录在账
vi. 鸟嘴相接触
时态：billed, billing, bills
分布：帐单(42%)，议案(28%)，清单(8%)，钞票(7%)，节目单(7%)，爱抚(3%)，开帐单(1%)，用海报宣传(1%)，帽舌(1%)，鸟喙(1%)，锚钩(1%)
→1.法案，词源同ball, 球，此处指小蜡球。指旧时官方文件通常用封蜡封印，代指官方文件。
n.账单;招贴,广告;(人员,职称等的)表;钞票On the chilly hillside, he is unwilling to write his will on the ten-shilling bill.在寒冷的山坡上,他不愿意将遗嘱写在十先令的账单上.
noun
REQUEST FOR PAYMENT 要求付帐
 ESSENTIAL countable or only singular
■a request for payment of money owed, or the piece of paper on which it is written 帐单
• an electricity/gas/phone bill 电／煤气／电话费帐单
• They sent us a bill for the work they had done. 他们寄给我们索取工资的帐单。
• She ran up (= caused herself to have) a huge phone bill talking to her boyfriend for hours. 由于与男友在电话聊天数小时，她的电话费大增。
• They asked the waitress for the bill. 他们叫女侍者把帐单拿来。
• Could we have the bill, please? 请替我们结帐好吗？
• Her mother agreed to foot (= pay) the bill. 她母亲同意付帐单。
[bɪl] noun
LAW 法律
 IMPROVER countable
■a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on 议案，法案
• The bill was amended (= changed). 议案被修订了。
• When a bill is passed in parliament it becomes law. 一旦某项法案在议会通过，它便成为了法律。
• informal The bill was thrown out (= did not go past the first stage of discussion and will not become law). 这项议案被否决了。
[bɪl] noun
MONEY 钱
countable mainly US (UK usually note)
■a piece of paper money 钞票，纸币
• a dollar/one-dollar bill 一美元的钞票
• a ten-dollar bill 面值十美元的钞票
⇒ See also billfold
[bɪl] noun
BIRD 鸟
countable
■the beak of a bird 鸟嘴，喙
[bɪl] noun
NOTICE 通知
countable
■a notice giving information about especially an event or performance 招贴，海报，广告
be on the bill
■to be performing in a show 参加表演
• There were lots of big names (= famous people) on the bill. 有很多明星参与演出。
head/top the bill
■to be the most important actor in a show 领衔，主演
[bɪl] noun
fill/fit the bill
■to be exactly what is needed in a particular situation 符合需要，正适会
• That box will fill the bill nicely. 那个盒子正好合用。
[bɪl] verb
REQUEST PAYMENT 开立帐单
transitive
■to give or send someone a bill asking for money that they owe for a product or service 给…开立帐单；给…寄帐单
• Please bill me for any expenses you incur. 请把你的所有花费都记在我的帐上。
[bɪl] verb
ADVERTISE 广告
transitive usually passive
■to advertise something with a particular description 做（广告）；透过广告宣传
• The film was billed as a romantic comedy. 那出电影被宣传成浪漫喜剧。
[bɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] bill sb as sth
■to describe someone in a particular way in order to advertise them 把（某人）宣传为…
• The young author was billed as 'the new Beckett'. 这位年轻作家被吹捧为“新贝克特”。
fee, bill, fare
fee: (进入一个地方，如场馆、学校等)费用
bill: （用餐、电话等）账单
fare: (特指交通等)费用
n. [法] 法案；广告； [会计] 帐单；票据； [金融] 钞票；清单
 - advertisement, note, publicity, William, act
vt. 宣布； [会计] 开帐单；用海报宣传
 - declare on, to announce

Word: whirl
Front: whirl
[wɜ:l] (研四六雅 8035/10659 -1)
Vocabulary: whirl
(once / 295 pages)
nv
A whirl is a quick spin, and when something whirls, it rotates fast. You can also use it to mean "a try." Hang-gliding? Snake-charming? "Sure," you say. "I'll give it a whirl."
Both whirl and spin are words that mean "turn in circles" but that have also come to mean trying something briefly––you might take a car for a spin or take a turn hiking in the Himalayas. All imply an attitude so free-wheeling, so easy, so devil-may-care that it might make your head spin. Or whirl.
WORD FAMILY
whirl: whirled, whirler, whirling, whirls+/whirler: whirlers/whirling: whirlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ripped off his tie early in the second half and whirled his arms with increasing ferocity as the game wore on.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Which works because the Rio Games were a whirl, a kaleidoscopic fortnight of sport that left everyone dizzy.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
“You won’t find many here who are enthusiastic about being less in the whirl of things.”
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 旋转，回旋; 急走，飞奔; 头晕眼花
vt. 使旋转，使回旋; 卷走; 飞快地带走; 眼花，眩晕
n. 旋转，回旋; 昏乱; [动，植]轮，环; 一连串的事
时态：whirled, whirling, whirls
分布：旋转(45%)，回旋(27%)，尝试(10%)，混乱(10%)，一个接一个的活动(2%)，头晕目眩(2%)，迅速移动(2%)，使 ... 旋转(2%)
→词源同wharf,旋转，码头。
v.(使)旋转,打转n.旋转;-连串快速的活动My head whirls.我头晕目眩.
US [wɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) turn around in circles （使…）旋转；（使…）回旋转
• She saw a mass of bodies whirling round on the dance floor. 她看到一大群人的身影在舞池里旋转。
• He stepped out into the night and the whirling snow. 他走出来，融入夜色与飞旋的雪花之中。
• He whirled her round until she felt quite sick. 他带着她旋转，直到她觉得非常恶心。
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
head/mind is whirling
■If your head/mind is whirling, your mind is full of thoughts and images and you are so excited that you cannot relax. 脑子充满想法；头脑非常兴奋
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
ACTIVITY 活动
only singular
■a continuous and exciting period of activity 接连不断的某种活动
• The next two days passed in a whirl of activity. 接下来的两天，接连不断地举行了很多活动。
• I found myself swept up in the social whirl of college life and scarcely had time for work. 我发现自己接连不断地参加大学里的社交活动，几乎没有时间用功学习。
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
TURN 回转
countable usually singular
■when something turns around in circles 旋转；回旋
• a whirl of snow 雪花的飞旋
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
be in a whirl
■to be excited and confused and unable to think clearly 思绪混乱
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
give it a whirl informal
■to attempt to do something, often for the first time （常指初次）尝试做
• I've never danced salsa before but I'll give it a whirl. 我以前从未跳过萨尔萨舞，但我要尝试一下。
whirl, turn, roll, rotate, revolve, spin, circle
这组词都有“转动、旋转”的意思，其区别是：
whirl: 指旋转或作圆周运动，侧重急速或力量。
turn: 普通用词，中性，含义不确切，可指作一个圆周运动或连续地作圆周运动，也可指仅是沿圆的弧形转动。
roll: 指某物在平面上滚动或翻滚。
rotate: 侧重指物体围绕自己的轴或中心旋转，即自转。
revolve: 强调指物体围绕本身以外的中心旋转，即公转。
spin: 指沿内轴迅速而连续旋转，或沿外部一个点作快速圆周运转。
circle: 指作圆周运动。
n. 旋转，回旋；昏乱；一连串的事；短暂的旅行
 - revolution, rotation, rolling, turning
vi. 旋转，回旋；急走；头晕眼花
 - wheel, circle, spin
vt. 使旋转；卷走，飞快地带走
 - turn, spin, swing

Word: wavelength
Front: wavelength
[ˈweɪvleŋθ] (四六 8023/8243 -1)
Vocabulary: wavelength
(once / 24122 pages)
n
A wavelength is the distance between two peaks in a wave. And, if you are on the same wavelength with someone else, you are in sync and share the same perspective.
You can say, "My best friend and I are on the same wavelength," meaning you truly understand each other and tend to see the world in the same way. This meaning has been around since the 1920s, but originally wavelength had only its scientific definition, "the distance between two peaks of a wave." Wavelengths can be measured on anything that travels in waves, like sound, light, or water. The Old English root word is wagian, "to move back and forth."
WORD FAMILY
wavelength: wavelengths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such wavelengths correspond to the 'transparency window' of Earth's atmosphere, allowing the heat radiation emitted by the apparatus to be released into space.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
If relativity is right, those wavelengths must be exactly the same for hydrogen and antihydrogen.
Science Magazine(Dec 19, 2016)
It produces coherent light — light of the same wavelength and in phase; no converging is involved.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. <物>波长; 波段; 完全一致，融洽
分布：波长(95%)，波段(5%)
【记】wave波，length长：波长
noun countable
■the distance between two waves of energy, or the length of the radio wave used by a particular radio station for broadcasting programmes 波长；（广播电台占用的）频道，波段
• I don't know which wavelength the station is on - is it on long wave? 我不知道那电台是在哪个波段——是在长波上吗？
['weɪv.leŋkθ] noun countable
be on the same wavelength
■(of two or more people) to think in a similar way and to understand each other well （两人或多人）观点相投，合得来
• I can't seem to get on with him - we're just not on the same wavelength. 我似乎没法和他相处——我们根本就合不来。

Word: curb
Front: curb
[kɜ:b] (研六托雅宝 6733/7037 -K2)
Vocabulary: curb
(once / 769 pages)
1nv 2nv
The hard thing about learning how to parallel park is trying to get the car close enough to the curb without hitting it. A curb is the edge of the sidewalk beside the road.
When you're using the word curb as a noun, it's the raised edging beside a street. When curb is a verb, it means to restrain or hold back, like when you curb your impulse to laugh while watching a badly acted play. Curb comes from the Latin word for "curve," curvus, which describes the shape of a restraining strap on a horse's head — in the fifteenth century, this band was called a curb.
WORD FAMILY
curb: curbed, curbing, curbs+/curbed: uncurbed/curbing: curbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But investors are also right to curb their expectations.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
China sees self-ruled Taiwan as part of its territory and curbs the Taipei government’s foreign diplomacy.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some sat on the curbs as if they were waiting for a parade.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 限制，抑制; 勒马绳，马衔索; （人行道的）镶边; （证券的）场外市场
vt. 制止，束缚; 给（马）扣上马衔; 给…加路缘; 在…处设井栏
时态：curbed, curbing, curbs
分布：抑制(58%)，路边(25%)，克制(8%)，勒马绳(6%)，勒住(3%)
→来自sker,转，弯，围，词源同ring,curve.
n.路边,场外证券市场,vt.制止,抑制Ted parked his car at the curb.特德把车停在路边.
The public demanded a curb on military spending.公众要求限制军事开支.
【记】读：可悲！被象马勒一样的东西抑制住，难道不可悲吗？读：磕吧！走路不看脚地下，磕到马路牙子上，活该！Cur＝curr跑，b不：不能跑了－被马勒一样的东西抑制住了
【区】curd（n 凝乳）；中的d读：豆（腐）；curt（adj 简洁的；唐突的）
【反】goad（v /n 刺激（物））
US [kɝ:b] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to control or limit something that is not wanted 控制；限制，约束；抑制
• The Government should act to curb tax evasion. 政府应该采取行动抑制逃税。
UK [kɜ:b] US [kɝ:b] noun countable
CONTROL 控制
■a limit on something that is not wanted 控制；限制，约束；抑制
• You must try to put a curb on your bad temper/spending habits. 你必须尽量控制你的坏脾气／挥霍无度的习惯。
UK [kɜ:b] US [kɝ:b] noun countable
EDGE 边缘 US spelling of kerb kerb 的美式拼法
bridle, check, refrain, curb, inhibit, restrain
这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：
bridle: 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。
check: 多指阻止前进或继续发展。
refrain: 常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。
curb: 可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。
inhibit: 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。
restrain: 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。
n. 抑制；路边；勒马绳
 - checking, control, restraint, suppression, inhibition
vt. 控制；勒住
 - possess, contain, regulate, bit, bottle

Word: categorize
Front: categorize
[ˈkætəgəraɪz] (托 7985/15349 -1)
Vocabulary: categorize
(once / 16169 pages)
v
If you decided to categorize your wardrobe, you could sort it by type (pants or shirts), or by color. To categorize is to put something into a category.
When you think of categorizing things, imagine taking a pile of marbles and putting them into little boxes by color. You are sorting things by how they are alike. Scientists categorize animals and plants by their properties. Doctors categorize illnesses by whether they are caused by viruses or bacteria. In movies, high school students are often categorized as jocks, popular kids, troublemakers, and geeks.
WORD FAMILY
categorize: categorization, categorized, categorizes, categorizing+/ categorical: categorically/categorise: categorisation, categorised/categorised: uncategorised/ categorization: categorizations/categorized: uncategorized/ category: categoric, categorical, categories, categorise, categorize
USAGE EXAMPLES
An armed forces medical examiner categorized the death as a homicide.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lane said categorizing foods by ethnicity is commonplace in the restaurant industry.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There is more wiggle room with species categorized under Appendix II and Appendix III, as long as the traveler obtains the proper permit or certificate.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…归类，把…分门别类
时态：categorized, categorizing, categorizes
分布：分类(100%)
US ['kætˌ.ə.gə.raɪz] verb transitive
■to put people or things into groups with the same features 对…进行分类，将…归类
• The books are categorized into beginner and advanced. 这些书分为入门级和高级。
• I would categorize this as a very early example of Tudor art. 我觉得应该把它归类为都铎式艺术的早期作品。
vt. 分类
 - class, sort through

Word: distinctly
Front: distinctly
[dɪ'stɪŋktlɪ] (六托 8031/6349)
Back: adv. 明显地; 无疑地; 确实地; 逼真
分布：清楚地(58%)，显然地(28%)，确定无疑地(14%)
【反】mutter（v 咕哝；嘀咕）－speak distinctly（清楚地说）；eclipse（v 使黯然失色）－make distinctive（使与众不同）
ADJ-GRADED
有区别的;不同的;个别的
If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it.
例：Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science...工程学和工艺学互不相同，也有别于自然学科。
例：This book is divided into two distinct parts.这本书分为内容不同的两部分。
ADJ-GRADED
清楚的;清晰的;明显的
If something is distinct, you can hear, see, or taste it clearly.
例：...to impart a distinct flavor with a minimum of cooking fat.用最少量的食用油来调出一种独特的口味
ADJ-GRADED
确定无疑的;确切的;清楚的
If an idea, thought, or intention is distinct, it is clear and definite.
例：Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude...由于托尼不在场了，她的态度有了明显的转变。
例：I have distinct memories of him in his last years.我清楚地记得他最后几年的情况。
ADJ-GRADED
显著的;明显的
You can use distinct to emphasize that something is great enough in amount or degree to be noticeable or important.
例：Being 6ft 3in tall has some distinct disadvantages!身高6英尺3英寸有些明显的不便之处！
例：Another Cup marathon between the two sides is now a distinct possibility.双方很可能再进行一场马拉松式的优胜杯比赛。
PREP-PHRASE
截然不同于;完全不同于;有区别于
If you say that you are talking about one thing as distinct from another, you are indicating exactly which thing you mean.
例：There's a lot of evidence that oily fish, as distinct from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect.有许多证据表明油性鱼，与高脂肪肉不同，对人体有益。
adv. 明显地；无疑地，确实地
 - obviously, clearly, easily, strictly, no doubt

Word: spiral
Front: spiral
[ˈspaɪrəl] (研六托雅 8028/8551 -2)
Vocabulary: spiral
(once / 952 pages)
1n 2nadj 3v
A spiral is a coil or curl, like the shape of a piece of hair wound around your finger, a Slinky toy, or a corkscrew.
A curve forming a series of circles that become gradually larger or smaller is one kind of spiral. You can also use the word as a verb when something moves in a spiral shape: "Then the wind died and I watched my kite spiral down to the ground." The origin of spiral is the Medieval Latin spiralis, which means "winding or coiling," from a Greek root: speira, "coil, twist, or wreath."
WORD FAMILY
spiral: spiraled, spiraling, spiralled, spiralling, spirally, spirals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many galaxies of stars form spirals, where relatively few stars in the outer arms orbit around a dense mass of stars at the centre.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In the middle panel, around a childhood photograph, a spiraling text in the shape of a fingerprint chronicles events in Mr. Rauschenberg’s life.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr Woolfe subsequently left the party, saying it was "ungovernable" and in a "death spiral".
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 螺旋（线）; 旋涡; 螺旋形物; （足球运动的）旋球
v. 使成螺旋形; 螺旋式的上升（或下降盘旋上升（或下降）
adj. 螺旋形的; 盘旋的; 盘旋上升的
时态：spiralled, spiralling, spirals
分布：螺旋(96%)，螺旋形的(2%)，盘旋的(1%)，盘旋上升(1%)
→来自拉丁语 spipralis,旋转的，螺旋的，来自 spira,线圈，绕圈，来自 sper,转动，旋转， 可能来自 spen,弯，转，纺织，词源同 spider,spin.
a.螺旋形的n.螺旋,螺线v.螺旋上升;盘旋A spring is a spiral.弹簧是螺旋形的物体.
US ['spaɪr.əl] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a shape made up of curves, each one above or wider than the one before 螺旋形
• A corkscrew is spiral- shaped. 瓶塞钻是螺旋形的。
downward spiral
■when a price, etc. is becoming lower, or when a situation is getting worse and is difficult to control because one bad event causes another （价格等的）不断下降；（局面的）迅速恶化；螺旋式恶性下滑
• This year's downward spiral of house prices has depressed the market. 今年房价的持续下跌造成了市场的疲软。
• We must avoid the downward spiral in which unemployment leads to homelessness and then to crime. 我们必须避免失业导致无家可归，进而导致犯罪的恶性循环。
UK ['spaɪə.rəl] US ['spaɪr.əl] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to move in a spiral 呈螺旋式上升（或下降）；盘旋上升（或下降）
• With one wing damaged, the model airplane spiralled downwards. 模型飞机的一个机翼坏了，盘旋下坠。
■If costs, prices, etc. spiral, they increase faster and faster （费用、价格等）急遽成长，急速上升
• Spiralling costs have squeezed profits. 急遽上升的成本压缩了利润空间。
spiral downwards
■(of prices, etc.) to get less, at a faster and faster rate （价格等）急遽下降
UK ['spaɪə.rəl] US ['spaɪr.əl] adjective [before noun]
■shaped in a series of curves, each one above or wider than the one before 螺旋形的（形状类似一系列曲线，每个曲线在另一个之上或比前一个大）
• a spiral staircase 螺旋式楼梯
• a spiral galaxy 漩涡星系
n. [机] 螺旋；旋涡；螺旋形之物
 - screw, helix
adj. 螺旋形的；盘旋的
 - helical, gyroidal

Word: attempted
Front: attempted
[əˈtemptɪd] (8032/6058 -K2)
Back: v. 试图( attempt的过去式和过去分词); 尝试; 试图夺取或攻克（堡垒、要塞等）; 试图征服（高山）
adj. 未遂的，企图的
分布：尝试(50%)，试图(32%)，企图(18%)
ADJ
（犯罪、不法行为）未遂的，未得手的
An attempted crime or unlawful action is an unsuccessful effort to commit the crime or action.
例：...a case of attempted murder...谋杀未遂案
例：The attempted coup took place in January.那场未遂政变发生在1月份。
adj. 企图的；未遂的
 - incompleted, uncommitted

Word: cardiac
Front: cardiac
[ˈkɑ:diæk] (托 8025/10704 -1)
Vocabulary: cardiac
(once / 5180 pages)
adj
Cardiac describes anything that's connected or related to the heart. During a cardiac exam, a doctor listens to your heartbeat and takes your pulse.
The adjective cardiac is most often used in a medical context: a doctor who operates on people's hearts is a cardiac surgeon, and an irregular heart beat is called "cardiac arrhythmia." It's common for both medical and non-medical people to call a heart attack "cardiac arrest." The word comes from the French cardiaque, which is rooted in the Greek kardiakos, "pertaining to the heart," from kardia, "heart."
WORD FAMILY
cardiac
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compared to most states - especially a neighbor to the east, Illinois, which is in fiscal cardiac arrest - Iowa state government is on sound financial footing.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ninety-eight metro areas will be involved in the cardiac care experiment, and 67 in the hip surgery test.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fisher, the writer, mental health advocate and actress of Star Wars fame passed away after suffering cardiac arrest on an airplane last week.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 心脏（病）的; （胃的）贲门的
n. 心脏病患者; 强心剂
分布：心脏的(59%)，心脏病的(41%)
→来自PIE *ker, 心脏，词源同heart，courage.
心脏的[card,cord=heart,表示"心脏,一致"]
US ['kɑ:r-] adjective
■of the heart or heart disease 心脏的；心脏病的
• cardiac arrest (= a condition in which the heart stops beating) 心脏停搏
n. [药] 强心剂；强胃剂
 - metrazol
adj. [解剖] 心脏的；心脏病的；（胃的）喷门
 - cordis

Word: bridge
Front: bridge
[brɪdʒ] (中高雅 1687/1434 -K4)
Vocabulary: bridge
(once / 104 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A bridge is what gets you from one side of the river to the other. A bridge connects things. The bridge of your nose connects your nose to your head — it's where the bridge of your eyeglasses rests.
If you insult your boss and quit your job, you've "burned your bridges" — you can’t go back. If you're not going to worry yourself about a possible problem, you can say "I'll cross that bridge when I get to it." The vertical piece that holds the strings up on a violin, guitar, or other stringed instrument is also a bridge, and in a song, the bridge is the part between a verse and the chorus — the transition between them.
WORD FAMILY
bridge: bridgeable, bridged, bridging+/bridgeable: bridgeably, unbridgeable/unbridgeable: unbridgeably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their car was found abandoned on the Newport Bridge.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“This is an attempt to bridge that talent back to movie theaters.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 03, 2017)
On national security, Obama, with all his progressive promise, provided more of a bridge than a barricade between the Bush and Trump eras.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: n. 桥; 桥牌; 鼻梁; 起联系作用的东西
vt. 在…建桥，架桥于…之上; 通过桥横跨
时态：bridged, bridging, bridges
分布：桥梁(52%)，桥牌(14%)，纽带(11%)，鼻梁(7%)，齿桥(6%)，渡过(5%)，架桥(4%)，缩短...差距(1%)
→来自古英语brycge, 木头，柱子。可能词源同board, 砍，劈，木板。
n.桥;桥牌;鼻梁vt.架桥;渡过Riding on the ridge of the bridge, the proud bride shouts loudly to the cloud.骄傲的新娘骑在桥脊上对着云大声喊.
noun
LARGE STRUCTURE 大型结构
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a structure that is built over a river, road or railway to allow people and vehicles to cross from one side to the other 桥
• We drove across/over the bridge. 我们开车驶过大桥。
• the Brooklyn Bridge 布鲁克林大桥
countable usually singular
■something that makes it easier to make a change from one situation to another 桥梁；过度
• Voluntary work can provide a bridge between staying at home and working full-time. 志愿工作是由在家待业过度到全职工作的桥梁。
[brɪdʒ] noun
PART OF A SHIP 船的一部分
countable
■the raised part of a ship on which the captain and other officers stand and from where they control the movement of the ship （舰船的）驾驶台，船桥，舰桥
[brɪdʒ] noun
NOSE 鼻子
countable usually singular
■the top part of the nose, between the eyes, or (on a pair of glasses) the piece that is supported by the top part of the nose 鼻梁；（眼镜的）鼻梁架
• The blow caught him right on the bridge of his nose. 那一拳正好打在他的鼻梁上。
[brɪdʒ] noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable
■a card game for four players who play in pairs 桥牌
[brɪdʒ] noun
TEETH 牙齿
countable (also bridgework)
■a piece of material that contains one or more artificial teeth and is kept in place by being fastened to the natural teeth 齿桥（装于真牙上以固定假牙的架子）
[brɪdʒ] noun
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT 乐器
countable
■a small piece of wood over which the strings are stretched on a musical instrument such as a guitar or violin （吉他、小提琴等的）琴马
[brɪdʒ] verb transitive
BRING TOGETHER 桥梁
■to make the difference or division between two things smaller or less severe 减小…之间的差异
• We must bridge the gap between labour and management. 我们必须消除劳资双方的鸿沟。
[brɪdʒ] verb transitive
BUILD 建造
■to build a bridge over or across something 在…上架桥
• The river had been bridged at its narrowest point. 在河流的最窄处架起了桥。
n. [交] 桥；桥牌； [计] [电] 桥接器；船桥
 - ponte, pons
vt. 架桥；渡过
 - cross

Word: plow
Front: plow
[plaʊ] (托 8039/-)
Vocabulary: plow
(once / 758 pages)
1nv 2v
A plow is a large tool used for farming. A farmer drives or pulls a plow across a field to prepare it for planting.
The large blades of a plow break up the earth, cutting and turning it so it's loose and ready to be planted with seeds. When you operate a plow, you can say that you plow. Boats can plow through water, too — in fact, anything that moves forcibly forward also plows: a car plows through traffic, and figuratively, a student plows through her homework.
WORD FAMILY
plow: plowed, plower, plowing, plows+/plowed: unplowed/plower: plowers/plowing: plowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Set up by an interception less than a minute later, McSorley plowed into the end zone on a three-yard run.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Grimes lowered his shoulder, plowed over the defender, and fell into the end zone.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Seattle police are investigating a crash between a fire engine and a ladder truck, which led the ladder truck to plow into a massage business.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 犁; 犁型铲雪机
v. 耕; 犁耕; 费力穿过
时态：plowed, plowing, plows
分布：犁(71%)，耕地(14%)，耕田(7%)，耕犁(3%)，费力前进(2%)，费力通过(1%)，破浪前行(1%)，辛苦进行(1%)
vi. [农机] 犁；耕地；破浪前进；开路
 - open circuit, clear the way for
vt. [农机] 犁；耕；开路
 - till, plough
n. [农机] 犁；似犁的工具；北斗七星
 - Dipper, Triones

Word: flutter
Front: flutter
[ˈflʌtə(r)] (六雅宝 8041/9044 -1)
Vocabulary: flutter
(once / 330 pages)
1vn 2n
Flutter means to move back and forth rapidly. Flags flutter in the wind. Leaves flutter to the ground. Flutter also exists as a noun—you might feel a flutter in your heart when you're excited.
To remember flutter, think of the children's rhyme, "See the butterfly flutter by." Flutter is often paired with "flit," to describe the way that birds and insects fly––they flit and flutter. It can also be used to describe indecision—someone who can't make up their mind might flutter between two choices.
WORD FAMILY
flutter: fluttered, fluttering, flutters+/fluttering: flutterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Its flags flutter over the checkpoints along the newly liberated rural roads and at the military bases closest to the front lines.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Boyd explains that his pursuit of Nabokov involved “wielding a variety of nets, in different seasons and terrains, panting with effort while he flutters free.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 飘动; 鼓翼
vt. & vi. 振翼，拍翅膀; 烦扰，坐立不安; （旗帜）飘扬
n. 紧张，激动不安; 颤振; 飘扬; （身体部分的）病态阵跳
时态：fluttered, fluttering, flutters
分布：振翼(38%)，摆动(31%)，烦扰(26%)，使心烦；使焦虑(5%)
→来自float, 浮动，波动。-er, 表反复。引申词义颤动，慌乱。或来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flip, flounce.
【记】flatter是拍马屁；flutter是拍翅膀
US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive
■to make a series of quick delicate movements up and down or from side to side, or to cause something to do this （使）飘动，挥动，颤动；拍（翅）；鼓（翼）
• Brightly coloured flags were fluttering in the breeze. 鲜艳的彩旗在微风中飘扬。
• Leaves fluttered down onto the path. 树叶飘落到小径上。
• Butterflies fluttered about in the sunshine. 蝴蝶在阳光下翩翩飞舞。
• A white bird poised on a wire and fluttered its wings. 一只白鸟立在电线上，扑打着翅膀。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
HEART/STOMACH 心／胃
intransitive
■If your heart or stomach flutters, you feel slightly uncomfortable because you are excited or nervous （心）怦怦乱跳；（胃）颤动
• Every time I think about my exams my stomach flutters! 每次一想到考试，我心里就不舒服！
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
flutter your eyelashes humorous
■If a woman flutters her eyelashes at a man, she uses her charm and beauty to persuade him to do something for her （女子）抛媚眼，送秋波
• Go and flutter your eyelashes at the barman, Janet, and see if you can get him to serve us. 珍妮特，去跟那个男酒保抛抛媚眼，看看你能不能让他过来为我们服务。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
make your heart flutter
■If someone makes your heart flutter, you find them very physically attractive and you feel excited when you see or talk to them 使心怦怦乱跳
• James has been making hearts flutter ever since he joined the company. 詹姆斯进入公司以来，已迷得很多人为之心跳。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
EXCITEMENT 激动
countable usually singular
■a short period of excited activity 一阵兴奋（或激动）
• The publication of her first novel last autumn caused a flutter of excitement. 去年秋天她的第一部小说出版后引起一阵轰动。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
MONEY 钱
countable usually singular UK informal
■a small bet (= money risked) , especially on a horse race （尤指赛马中的）小赌注
• Aunty Paula likes to have a bit of a flutter on the horses. 宝拉姨妈喜欢在赛马上下一点小赌注。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
MOVEMENT 动作
only singular
■a quick up-and-down movement 振动；颤动；忽闪
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
all of a flutter
■in a state of nervous excitement 紧张兴奋
• Peter was coming round for dinner and I was all of a flutter. 彼得要来吃晚饭，我既紧张又兴奋。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
in a flutter
■in a confused and excited state 兴奋不安
• When economic statistics are first published they grab headlines and put markets in a flutter. 经济统计资料一公布就登上了报纸头条，并引起市场一阵骚动。
vi. 飘动；鼓翼；烦扰
 - fan, float
vt. 拍；使焦急；使飘动
 - stream
n. 摆动；鼓翼；烦扰
 - swing, bob

Word: flirt
Front: flirt
[flɜ:t] (雅宝 8036/11807 -1)
Vocabulary: flirt
(once / 745 pages)
vn
If you're interested in someone romantically, you might flirt with them, which means to chat them up or tease them in a playful way.
Flirting is an indirect and fun way to let your crush know you're interested, like a seductive line or a few coy words. Or if there's a girl you've had your eye on, you might make a point of walking by her desk and saying hello every morning. But even if you don't have a love interest, you can still flirt. Driving carelessly is flirting with disaster: it's almost like you're toying with the idea of getting into an accident.
WORD FAMILY
flirt: flirtation, flirtatious, flirted, flirting, flirts+/flirtation: flirtations/flirtatious: flirtatiously/flirting: flirtings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gogos flirted with retirement about 10 years ago, but he’s committed to it now.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Unlike Fisher, Herman didn’t have a lovely Power 5 job at home while he flirted with suitors.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
He says a half-million Germans follow his “flirt university” blog on how to find Mr. or Mrs. Right.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 调情，打情骂俏; 玩弄; 轻率地对待; 摆动
vt. 挥动; 忽然弹出
n. 急投; 摆动; 调情的人，卖弄风情者; 急扔
时态：flirted, flirting, flirts
分布：调情(80%)，调情的人(6%)，玩弄(5%)，忽然弹出(3%)，卖弄风骚的人(3%)，掠过(1%)，轻率对待(1%)，摇动(1%)
→来自flit, 掠过，轻掠。或直接来自辅音丛bl, fl, 折腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flabby,flag. 插入字母r, 延长音，模仿调情的声音。
US [flɝ:t] verb intransitive
■to behave as if sexually attracted to someone, although not seriously 调情，打情骂俏
• Christina was flirting with just about every man in the room. 克莉丝蒂娜几乎在跟房间里的每一个男人调情。
UK [flɜ:t] US [flɝ:t] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flirt with sth
CONSIDER
■to consider doing something, but not seriously, or to be interested in something for a short time 不认真地考虑；对…暂时感兴趣
• I'm flirting with the idea of taking a year off and travelling round the world. 我心血来潮，想放假一年去周游世界。
DANGER
■to intentionally put yourself in a dangerous, risky or difficult situation 故意冒（险）
• Like a lot of young men, he flirts with danger. 和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢冒险。
UK [flɜ:t] US [flɝ:t] noun countable
■someone who behaves as if they are sexually attracted to a lot of people 调情者，打情骂俏者
• He's a compulsive flirt. 他不能自拔地到处跟人调情。
vi. 调情；玩弄；轻率地对待；摆动
 - play fast and loose, toy with
vt. 挥动；忽然弹出
 - whisk
n. 急扔；调情的人；卖弄风骚的人
 - scammer

Word: punk
Front: punk
[pʌŋk] (8029/8268 -2)
Vocabulary: punk
(once / 3312 pages)
1n 2n 3adj
A punk is a young troublemaker. If your elderly neighbor thinks of you as a young punk, he either thinks all kids are bad — or you did something that really disturbed him.
The Algonquin word for dust or ashes, ponk is the most likely root of punk, which originally described rotten wood used to start fires. That meaning is also found in the adjective form of punk, poor quality, or disposable. Facing long-term unemployment in 1970s London, kids invented punk rock and extreme styles of dress and hair to go along with it, because, in the words of a well-known punk song of the day, they felt they had no future.
WORD FAMILY
punk: punks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carter, punk, and the expansive cultural impulse that brought this random family together are about to be supplanted by the Reagan era.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She winces at the ugliness of punk, but attempts to understand it anyway.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
PWR BTTM, the melodic and theatrical punk duo of Liv Bruce and Ben Hopkins, are masters of presentation.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 庞克（一种摇滚乐，自70年代末期起流行，是对传统的反叛）; 年轻无知的人; 妓女; 无聊人物（或东西）
adj. 没价值的，低劣的; 庞克风格
分布：低劣的(51%)，颓废派的(33%)，鬅客(16%)
→可能缩写自spunk,引火物，引火火柴。引申词义腐木，烂木头，后用于指无赖，恶棍，妓女，同性恋等，引申词义劣质的，没价值的。后一批年青的音乐家为表达对传统音乐的反叛，用该词来命名一种新式的摇滚音乐形式。比较funk.
noun
CULTURE 文化
uncountable
■a culture popular among young people, especially in the late 1970s, involving opposition to authority expressed through shocking behaviour, clothes and hair, and through fast loud music 庞克（尤指20世纪70年代末服装、发型怪异，透过骇人的举止和吵闹的快节奏音乐对抗权威的年轻人的文化）
countable (also punk rocker)
■a person who wears punk clothes and likes punk music 追随庞克风格者；庞克摇滚乐迷
[pʌŋk] noun
CRIMINAL 罪犯
countable mainly US slang
■a young man who fights and is involved in criminal activities 小流氓
• Listen to me, you little punk - you do that again and I'm gonna break your neck. 听好了，你这个小流氓，你再那么做我就把你的脖子扭断。
[pʌŋk] adjective [before noun]
■of or relating to punk or punk rockers 庞克乐的，庞克摇滚乐爱好者的
• a punk band 庞克乐团
• a punk hairstyle 庞克发型
n. 废物；小阿飞；年轻无知的人
 - waste, refuse, garbage, junk
adj. 朋客，崩客；无用的，低劣的
 - mean, base, unnecessary, useless

Word: surf
Front: surf
[sɜ:f] (7750/15008 -1)
Vocabulary: surf
(once / 388 pages)
nv
The surf is what you see when you stand on the beach and look at the ocean — waves rising and breaking on the shore. It’s also what you do when you ride those waves. Surf’s up, dude!
Surf means "crashing waves," but it's also a verb meaning to ride those waves with a surf board. When you surf, you stand upright on a board and ride over breaking waves into the shore. A more figurative meaning of surf is "search casually," as in "channel surf," or click idly between TV stations. The origin of the word is a mystery, though it's thought to have first been used in reference to the Indian coast.
WORD FAMILY
surf: surfed, surfer, surfing, surfs+/surfer: surfers/surfing: surfings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Live music will also be a part of the events leading up to the big midday plunge into the surf.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The waves near his home in eastern Pennsylvania, on big lakes and even in the Atlantic Ocean, were considered too small for traditional surfing.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Spawning surf smelt and sand lance use the shoreline, too.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 海浪; 拍岸碎浪
vi. 冲浪; （互联网上）冲浪
时态：surfed, surfing, surfs
分布：冲浪(79%)，浏览(12%)，激浪(6%)，碎浪(3%)
US [sɝ:f] verb intransitive or transitive
INTERNET 网际网路
 IMPROVER
■to spend time visiting a lot of websites 上网
• Many towns and cities have cybercafes where you can surf the Internet/Net/Web. 很多城镇都有网咖可以上网。
UK [sɜ:f] US [sɝ:f] verb intransitive or transitive
WAVES 波浪
 IMPROVER
■to ride on a wave as it comes towards land, while standing or lying on a special board 冲浪
• They go surfing every weekend. 他们每个周末都去冲浪。
⇒ See also bodysurf;windsurfing
UK [sɜ:f] US [sɝ:f] noun uncountable
■the tops of the waves on the sea when they are near to the coast or hit against rocks 拍岸的浪花，碎浪
• We were almost deafened by the crash/roar of the surf. 拍岸的涛声震耳欲聋。
n. 海浪，拍岸浪
 - ocean wave, sea wave

Word: paw
Front: paw
[pɔ:] (研四六 8033/10382 -1)
Vocabulary: paw
(once / 562 pages)
nv
A paw is a four-legged animal's foot. Dogs, cats, rabbits, and bears all have paws. Sharks? Not so much.
Most paws have claws and soft pads that cushion the animal's legs as it walks. Cats' paws have sharp, retractable claws, while dogs have hard, dull claws that don't retract. There are also many animals with four legs that don't have paws, like horses and lizards. If an animal paws you, it nudges or scrapes you with its paw. If a person paws you, they use their hands clumsily, almost as if they were paws.
WORD FAMILY
paw: forepaw, pawed, pawer, pawing, paws+/forepaw: forepaws/pawer: pawers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. O’Grey keeps a framed print of his paw on his bedroom wall.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A few nights later, as I pawed around my own home bar, I got to thinking.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
This season, those were replaced by the team’s logo, Tiger Paw.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 爪子; 手; <俚>笔迹
vt. 用爪抓; 用蹄触; 盘弄; 艰苦地行走
vi. 用爪子抓; 翻找
时态：pawed, pawing, paws
分布：爪子(69%)，抓(15%)，翻找(7%)，脚爪(7%)，粗鲁地摸(1%)，以蹄扒(1%)
→来自古法语powe,爪子，拳头，词源不详。来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.
n.爪The drawer put the strawberries and raw paws into a drawer in the saw-mill.绘图者把草莓和生熊掌放进锯板厂的抽屉里.
US [pɑ:] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■the foot of an animal which has claws or nails, such as a cat, dog or bear 爪，爪子
• I found paw prints in the kitchen. 我在厨房里发现了爪印。
Compare hoof
countable usually plural informal humorous
■a human hand 手
• Take your filthy paws off my nice clean washing! 把你的脏手从我洗得干干净净的衣服上拿开！
UK [pɔ:] US [pɑ:] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to touch something with a paw 用爪子抓（或扒）
• When their dog heard them it began pawing (at) the ground in excitement. 他们的狗听见他们的声音就开始兴奋地用爪子抓地。
transitive informal
■to feel or touch someone roughly with the hands, especially in an unpleasant sexual way 摸弄，抓捏；（尤指）猥亵地动手动脚
vt. 抓，扒；亲昵地抚摸
 - hent, scratch
vi. 用爪子抓；翻找
 - hunt throw
n. 爪子；手
 - hand, danny

Word: computerized
Front: computerized
[kəm'pju:təˌraɪzd] (8037/15682)
Back: v. 用计算机做，使计算机化( computerize的过去式); 将（资料）存入计算机; 用计算机做，使计算机化( computerize的过去式和过去分词); 将（资料）存入计算机
分布：动词computerize的过去式和过去分词形式.(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
(系统、进程或业务)计算机化的，电脑化的
A computerized system, process, or business is one in which the work is done by computer.
例：The National Cancer Institute now has a computerized system that can quickly provide information.国家癌症研究所现在拥有一套能迅速提供信息的电脑化系统。
例：...the most highly computerized businesses.计算机化程度最高的几家公司
ADJ
(信息)存入计算机的，电脑储存的
Computerized information is stored on a computer.
例：Computerized data bases are proliferating fast...计算机数据库正在迅速激增。
例：The public registry in Panama City keeps computerized records of all companies.巴拿马城的公共注册处把所有公司的登记信息都存入了电脑。

Word: atrocity
Front: atrocity
[əˈtrɒsəti] (宝 8040/11990 -2)
Vocabulary: atrocity
(once / 748 pages)
n
Atrocities, acts of outrageous cruelty, are often committed during wars and armed conflicts.
The word atrocity describes both the act of cruelty as well as the sense of cruelty. If you go to visit a poorly run prison, you might be overwhelmed by the atrocity of the place when you see that no one is treated with respect, and torture is rampant. The word atrocity is also often used in the context of warfare and frequently as a plural. There were numerous atrocities on both sides, as the war raged on and the fighters’ capacity for cruelty seemed to increase.
WORD FAMILY
atrocity: atrocious, atrocities+/ atrocious: atrociously, atrociousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Japan’s Asian neighbors harbor bitter memories of the country’s atrocities before and during World War II, when it colonized or invaded much of the region.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The evacuation of wounded civilians began amid reports of renewed atrocities.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
South Korea and China remain angered by what they see as Japanese efforts to ignore or sugarcoat atrocities.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 暴行; 凶恶，残暴; 恶劣的行为
分布：暴行(72%)，残暴(28%)
→来自火。-oc, 同词根op, 眼睛，见optic, 光学的。指发狂，暴行，眼睛射出火。
残暴[atroc=cruel(残酷)]
【记】at在，ro读：肉，city城市－在血肉横飞的城市－充满了暴行。
US [-'trɑ:.sɪ.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■when someone does something extremely violent and shocking 凶恶；残暴
• They're on trial for committing atrocities against the civilian population. 他们因残害平民的暴行而受到审判。
• These people are guilty of acts of great atrocity (= cruelty). 这些人犯下了令人发指的残忍罪行。
n. 暴行；凶恶，残暴
 - enormity, thuggism

Word: sovereign
Front: sovereign
[ˈsɒvrɪn] (研六托雅宝 8038/7133 -2)
Vocabulary: sovereign
(once / 155 pages)
nadj
Put simply, your sovereign is your king or queen. George III was the sovereign of Great Britain and her colonies — including the American ones. At least, he was until a little thing called the Revolutionary War upset everything.
Sovereign as an adjective can be used to indicate the ultimate power of a state, whether a monarchy or not, as in "Peru exercised its sovereign rights to all minerals within its borders." A sovereign is also a British gold coin with a face value of one pound sterling (with the monarch's face on it). But don't sell it for a pound, because it's worth its weight in gold — quite literally — which is a lot more than a pound is worth.
WORD FAMILY
sovereign: nonsovereign, sovereignly, sovereigns
USAGE EXAMPLES
As of now, Moscow effectively controls approximately 20 percent of Georgia’s sovereign territory.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The 32-year-old Foy is charged with playing one of the most famous women in the world during her first years as sovereign.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Singapore sovereign wealth fund GIC is a financial investor, he said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 君主; 最高统治者; 独立国; 旧时价值为一镑的英国金币
adj. 独立自主的; 拥有最高统治权的; 至高无上的; 极好的
分布：君主(46%)，至高无上的(17%)，元首(11%)，最高统治者(11%)，极好的(10%)，金镑(4%)，具有主权的(1%)
→来自古法语 soverain,最高的，主要的，来自通俗拉丁语*superanus,主要的，基础的，来自拉 丁语 super,在上，超过，比较级形式自 sub,在上，词源同 superman,soprano.引申比喻义最高 统治权的，主权的，引申名词词义君主，元首。拼写受-reign 影响俗化。
a.独立的,有主权的n.君主,国王,统治者No earthly sovereign can do what he pleases.世间没有一个君主能随心所欲地行事.
US ['sɑ:v.rən] noun countable
RULER 统治者
■a king or queen, or the person with the highest power in a country 君主；元首；最高统治者
UK ['sɒv.ər.ɪn] US ['sɑ:v.rən] noun countable
COIN 硬币
■a British gold coin which was in use in Britain from 1817 to 1914 and was worth £1 金镑（英国于1817-1914年之间使用的面值为一英镑的金币）
UK ['sɒv.ər.ɪn] US ['sɑ:v.rən] adjective
GOVERNMENT 政府
[before noun]
■having the highest power or being completely independent 至高无上的；完全独立的
• Sovereign power is said to lie with the people in some countries, and with a ruler in others. 据说，在某些国家中最高统治权归于人民，而在其他国家则掌握在统治者手中。
• We must respect the rights of sovereign states/nations to conduct their own affairs. 我们必须尊重主权独立国家处理本国事务的权利。
UK ['sɒv.ər.ɪn] US ['sɑ:v.rən] adjective
EXCELLENT 优秀的
sovereign remedy old-fashioned or formal
■an extremely successful way of dealing with a problem 灵丹妙药
• Love is a sovereign remedy for unhappiness. 爱是治疗悲伤的万灵丹。
sovereign, predominant, dominant
这组词都有“占优势的，支配其它的”的意思，其区别是：
sovereign: 侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。
predominant: 侧重指影响与新近的优势。
dominant: 强调权威。
adj. 至高无上的；有主权的；拥有最高统治权的；不折不扣的；极好的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great
n. 君主；独立国；最高统治者
 - emperor, monarch

Word: hypothetical
Front: hypothetical
[ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkl] (宝 8049/8688 -1)
Vocabulary: hypothetical
(once / 2799 pages)
nadj
Everyone who has ever taken a science class knows the word "hypothesis," which means an idea, or a guess, that you are going to test through an experiment. A hypothetical is related to that. It means something based on an informed guess.
Hypotheticals are fun. How would you do in a hypothetical arm-wrestling competition against your Grandma? There are people in the Pentagon whose jobs are to consider all kinds of hypotheticals––what if Luxembourg armed itself with nuclear weapons? What if France developed the ability to pelt Switzerland with cannons firing cheeses?
WORD FAMILY
hypothetical: hypothetically, hypotheticals+/hypothecate: hypothecated, hypothecating/ hypothesis: hypothecate, hypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesize, hypothetical /hypothesise: hypothesised, hypothesising/ hypothesize: hypothesized, hypothesizes, hypothesizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first scenario presented a hypothetical man called Jeff who “works long hours and his calendar is always full.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Transgender rights advocates called that a far-fetched hypothetical, saying a person would not approach a doctor who lacked suitable experience and expertise.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Fully 88 percent of those on the left supported a hypothetical two-state agreement.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 假设的，假定的; 有前提的; 爱猜想的; 假想
分布：假设的(71%)，假定的(29%)
→来自hypothesis,假说，假设。
US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
■imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true 假定的，假设的
• a hypothetical example/situation 假设的例子／情况
• This is all very hypothetical but supposing Jackie got the job, how would that affect you? 这当然全是假设，不过如果杰克得到那份工作，对你又会有甚么影响呢？
adj. 假设的；爱猜想的
 - theoretical, if-then

Word: trick
Front: trick
[trɪk] (高研四六托雅 3068/3180 -K3)
Back: n. 戏法，把戏; 计谋，诀窍; 骗局; 恶作剧
vt. 哄骗，欺骗; 打扮
adj. 弄虚作假的; 有诀窍的; 欺诈的
时态：tricked, tricking, tricks
分布：把戏(28%)，诀窍(18%)，欺骗(17%)，诡计(14%)，花招(14%)，戏弄(5%)，有阴谋的(2%)，有诡计的(2%)
→来自古法语 trichier,欺骗，诡计，来自拉丁语 tricari,逃避，回避，来自 tricae,琐碎，胡扯，混 乱，可能来自 ter,转，卷入，词源同 turn,intricate,extricate.引申词义花招，把戏等。
n.诡计,骗局;恶作剧;窍门vt.欺骗,哄骗His wicked trick is to get the kids to kick bricks and lick the cricket ticket.他的缺德恶作剧是让孩子们踢砖和舔板球门票.
noun countable
ACT OF DECEIVING 欺骗行为
 IMPROVER
■an action which is intended to deceive, either as a way of cheating someone, or as a joke or form of entertainment 骗局；诡计；恶作剧
• She played a really nasty trick on me - she put syrup in my shampoo bottle! 她对我做了一个很讨厌的恶作剧——把糖浆放进我装洗发精的瓶子里。
• My niece was showing me all the tricks that she's learned to do with her new magic set. 我侄女给我表演了她学过的用她那套新魔术道具所能变出的所有戏法。
• It's a bit of trick photography - she's meant to look like she's walking on water. 这有点特技摄影的样子——她想要看上去像在水上行走一般。
be a trick of the light
■to be a visual effect caused by the light, making something appear different 是光造成的错觉
• For a moment I thought you had a patch of grey hairs, but it's just a trick of the light. 一时间我以为你长了一撮白发，看来只是光线造成的错觉而已。
[trɪk] noun countable
METHOD 方法
 ADVANCED
■an effective or quick way of doing something 诀窍，秘诀；技巧
• What's the trick of getting this chair to fold up? 把这张椅子折叠起来有甚么诀窍？
• On page 21, twenty tricks to speed up your beauty routine. 第21页介绍了20种日常快速化妆技巧。
[trɪk] noun countable
do the trick informal
■If something does the trick, it has the necessary or wanted effect 奏效，起作用
• This sauce needs a bit of flavour - I know, some lemon juice should/ought to do the trick. 这种调味汁需要加点味——我知道了，加点柠檬汁就可以了。
[trɪk] noun countable
every trick in the book
■every possible way 所有可能的办法；浑身解数
• I've tried every trick in the book to seduce him and still no luck! 我想尽一切办法去引诱他，可还是一点机会都没有！
[trɪk] noun countable
How's tricks? informal
■How are you? 近来如何？你好吗？
• "Hi, how's tricks?" "Oh, fine, how are you doing?" “嘿，你好吗?” “哦，很好，你呢?”
[trɪk] noun countable
trick of the trade
■a clever method used by people who are experienced in a particular type of work or activity （某一行业或活动的）绝招，绝活，门道
• Newspapers often improve photographs before they print them - it's one of the tricks of the trade. 报纸在刊发照片前，往往要对照片进行修饰——这是一种行业手法。
[trɪk] verb transitive
■to deceive someone, often as a part of a plan 欺骗，诱骗，哄骗
• Dean tricked the old lady into giving him eight hundred pounds, claiming that he would invest it for her. 迪安骗了这个老妇人800英镑，说是帮她投资。
[trɪk] adjective [before noun]
DECEIVING 欺骗
■used to deceive someone, either as a joke or form of entertainment or so that they make a mistake 捉弄，戏弄；恶作剧（用于欺骗某人，或作为一个玩笑或作为一种娱乐形式，使之犯错误）
• a trick question 一个智力问题
[trɪk] adjective [before noun]
WEAK 软弱的 US describes a part of the body, especially a joint (= place where two bones are connected) , that sometimes feels weak suddenly and unexpectedly （尤指关节）有时突然发软的
• I've got a trick ankle which gives me problems if I do much running. 我的脚关节有时会突然发软，跑多了会给我带来不少麻烦。
deceive, cheat, trick, fool
这组词都有“欺骗”的意思，其区别是：
deceive: 最普通用词，指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。
cheat: 普通用词，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。
trick: 指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。
fool: 指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。
n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门；花招；骗局；欺诈
 - scheme, fraud
vt. 欺骗；哄骗；装饰；打扮
 - sell, paint, hang, dress oneself, fox
vi. 哄骗；戏弄
 - kid, fool with
adj. [电影] 特技的；欺诈的；有决窍的
 - deceptive, acrobatic

Word: flying
Front: flying
[ˈflaɪɪŋ] (4902/3653 -K)
Back: adj. 飞行的; 会飞的; 迅速的
n. 飞行; 驾驶飞机
v. 飞(fly的现在分词)
分布：飞行(78%)，飞行的(14%)，会飞的(5%)，飞机驾驶(1%)，动词fly的现在分词.(1%)，飞似的(1%)
noun uncountable
■travel by air
• Annette's scared of flying. 安妮特害怕乘飞机。
adj. 飞行的
 - winged, aero
n. 飞行
 - flight, volation

Word: postmodern
Front: postmodern
[ˌpəʊstˈmɒdn] (8055/17902)
Back: adj. 后现代主义的，后现代派的
分布：后现代主义的(100%)
ADJ
后现代主义的；后现代派的
Post-modern is used to describe something or someone that is influenced by post-modernism.
例：Ripe with in-jokes, self-references, and post-modern metaphor, the movie questions a too-civilized world.这部电影驾轻就熟地借助圈内笑话、自我指认和后现代主义的隐喻，对过度文明的世界提出了质疑。
例：...post-modern architecture.后现代主义建筑

Word: cooler
Front: cooler
[ˈku:lə(r)] (8045/18963 -1)
Back: n. （便携式）冷藏箱; 冷却器; 冷饮
分布：冷却器(97%)，监狱(3%)
US [-lɚ] noun countable US for cool box
• We've brought a cooler full of beer with us. 我们带了满满一冷藏箱的啤酒。
■mainly US
■a cold drink, usually of wine, fruit juice and fizzy (= with bubbles) water 冷饮，清凉饮料（尤指酒、果汁和汽水）
• a wine/fruit cooler 冰镇葡萄酒／果汁
n. [制冷] 冷却器；清凉剂
 - cooling unit, freshener

Word: swim
Front: swim
[swɪm] (中高 2848/3038 -K3)
Back: v. 游泳; 游动; 旋转; 眩晕
n. 游泳
时态：swam, swum, swimming, swims
分布：游泳(100%)
→来自古英语 swimman,游泳，来自 Proto-Germanic*swimjan,游泳，来自 swem,移动，运动， 可能来自 swei,弯，转，摇摆，词源同 swing,sweep.
vi.游泳;游;漂浮;眩晕;充溢vt.游过n.游泳The scholar foolishly took the school cooling pool for swimming pool.学者愚蠢的把学校的冷却池当成游泳池.
verb (swimming, swam, swum)
MOVE IN WATER 在水中移动
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to move through water by moving the body or parts of the body 游泳，游水
• We spent the day on the beach but it was too cold to go swimming. 我们一整天都在海滩上，但天气太冷，不能游泳。
• Her ambition is to swim (across) the English Channel. 她的目标是游泳横渡英吉利海峡。
• I swam two miles this morning. 我今天早上游了两英哩。
be swimming in/with sth disapproving
■If food is swimming in/with a liquid, it has too much of that liquid in it or on it （食物）浸泡在…中，充溢着
• The salad was swimming in oil. 沙拉里面的油太多了。
[swɪm] verb (swimming, swam, swum)
SEEM TO MOVE 好像在动
intransitive
■(of an object) to seem to move about （物体）仿佛旋转
• Getting up too suddenly made the room swim before her eyes. 因为起身太猛，她瞬间觉得整个房子好像都在旋转。
intransitive
■If your head swims, you feel confused and are unable to think or see clearly （头）晕眩，发晕
• After the second or third drink, my head began to swim. 两三杯酒下肚之后，我就开始觉得头晕。
[swɪm] noun
 IMPROVER only singular
■a time when you swim 游泳
• Shall we go for/have a swim this afternoon? 我们今天下午去游泳吧?
vi. 游泳；漂浮；浸；眩晕
 - ride, float off
vt. 游过；使浮起
 - buoy up
n. 游泳；漂浮；眩晕
 - natation, flotage

Word: blessed
Front: blessed
['blesɪd] (8050/9799 -1)
Vocabulary: blessed
(once / 187 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you say you've been blessed, you feel lucky to have something: health, love, fame, fortune, talent, etc. I'm very happy for you; the only time I feel blessed is when I sneeze.
You can pronounce blessed as one syllable (“blest”) or as two (“bless-id”). The phrase “blessed event” is an old-fashioned way of referring to a baby's birth. If you've been blessed with musical talent, you might pick up the piano quickly. If you've been blessed with physical strength, you should still pick up the piano carefully.
WORD FAMILY
blessed: blessedest, blessedly, blessedness, unblessed+/Blessed: Blessedest/ bless: Blessed, blessed, blesses, blessing /blessedness: blessednesses/ blessing: blessings/unblessed: unblessedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“You have to be really blessed to find a job that pays that kind of money,” she said.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“Beyond blessed to have an opportunity to get back on the field with my brothers,” Griffin said Tuesday in a statement released by the team.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
He blessed the small crowd of people around him, as well.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 神圣的; 有福的; 无忧无虑的
分布：有福的(59%)，神圣的(31%)，愉快的(7%)，动词bless的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
adjective /'bles.ɪd] [blest/ formal
■holy 神圣的
• Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the Earth. 温柔的人有福了，因为他们必承受土地。
■/'bles.ɪd/ literary
■bringing you happiness, luck, or something you need 带来幸福的；带来好运的；带来所需之物的
• blessed peace/rain/silence 赐福的和平／喜雨／令人愉悦的静谧
• a blessed relief 令人高兴的解脱
be blessed with sth]blest/ formal
■to be lucky in having a particular thing 幸运地拥有
• Fortunately we were blessed with fine weather. 幸运的是我们碰上了好天气。
• She is blessed with both beauty and brains. 她的命真好，既漂亮又聪慧。
■/'bles.ɪd/ [before noun] informal
■an expression of anger （表示恼怒）该死的，讨厌的
• Take that blessed cat out! 把那该死的猫弄出去！
adj. 幸福的；受祝福的；神圣的
 - happy, sacred

Word: delete
Front: delete
[dɪˈli:t] (高研四托雅 8051/5794 -1)
Vocabulary: delete
(once / 2939 pages)
v
The author looked at the computer screen in horror. With one keystroke she had deleted her entire manuscript. Delete means to erase.
Delete has its roots in Latin and was first used to mean destroy. In modern usage, delete means to remove completely. Delete used in writing means to edit by removing, often done by drawing a line through the text to be deleted . This process is also called “blue-penciling,” due to the use of the blue colored pencil that some editors use.
WORD FAMILY
delete: deleted, deletes, deleting, deletion+/deletion: deletions
USAGE EXAMPLES
So I deleted all the caustic zingers while wondering whether the truth really matters.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But Martin deleted his tweet soon after accusations that it was sexist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As with Amazon, Google offers a way to delete history data, but otherwise keeps everything by default.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 删除
时态：deleted, deleting, deletes
分布：删除(100%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-let, 涂抹，抹掉，词源同liniment, obliterate. -t, 过去分词后缀。
vt.删除His name has been deleted from the list.他的名字从名单里面删除了.
【记】de去掉，lete＝litter（n 垃圾）－去掉垃圾－删除del是计算机上的删除键
【反】record（vt 记录）
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to remove or draw a line through something, especially a written word or words 删除，删去（尤指文字）
• They insisted that all expletives be deleted from the article. 他们坚持要删除文中所有的诅咒性词语。
• Here is a list of possible answers. Please delete (= draw a line through them) as appropriate. 这里列出了各种备选答案，请酌情删除。
repeal, delete, cancel, abolish
repeal: 书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。
delete: vt. 删除
cancel: 用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。
abolish: 正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。
vt. [计] 删除
 - expurgate, prune away

Word: flicker
Front: flicker
[ˈflɪkə(r)] (托雅宝 8044/7339 -1)
Vocabulary: flicker
(once / 575 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To flicker is to flash on and off at random. If your computer screen is flickering right now, you are probably having trouble reading this.
Something that is flickering is flashing on and off in an unpredictable way. A fluorescent light may flicker for a while before it stops working. A flicker is also a quick flash or burst of light, like a glint or a spark. Similarly, flicker can refer to a sudden and short-lived feeling. A child opening a present might have a flicker of excitement before realizing that the box contains only tube socks and underwear.
WORD FAMILY
flicker: flickered, flickering, flickers+/ flick: flicked, flicker, flicking, flicks/flickering: flickeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And at that moment, the girl’s eyes flickered and set on Seb’s smiling face.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The data provided a “flicker of optimism” Mizuho Bank economists said in a commentary, “But this is a far cry from an emphatic recovery.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 闪烁; 飘扬，摆动; 昏倒
n. 闪烁; 闪光; 电影; 假装昏倒的乞丐
时态：flickered, flickering, flickers
分布：闪烁(72%)，闪光(10%)，颤动(8%)，闪动(7%)，摇动(3%)
→来自flick，轻弹。
【记】火被flick（v 轻打；轻弹）就会flicker把你f到lick你的人er的眼睛当时是闪烁的！
US [-ɚ] verb
intransitive
■to shine with a light that is sometimes bright and sometimes weak 摇曳；闪烁
• I felt a cold draft and the candle started to flicker. 我感到一阵冷风袭来，烛光开始摇曳起来。
intransitive or transitive
■to appear for a short time or to make a sudden movement 闪现，一闪而过；使…突然动一下
• A smile flickered across her face. 她脸上掠过一丝微笑。
• He'd been in a coma for weeks, when all of a sudden he flickered an eyelid. 他已经昏迷几个星期了，突然他的眼皮动了一下。
UK ['flɪk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
LIGHT 光
■when a light is sometimes bright and sometimes weak （光的）摇曳，闪烁
• the soft flicker of candlelight 烛光的轻轻摇曳
UK ['flɪk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
FEELING 感觉
■a short feeling or expression of an emotion or quality （感觉或情绪的）闪现，一闪而过
• There was a flicker of hope in his eyes. 他的眼中闪过一丝希望。
vi. [电子] [光] 闪烁；摇曳；颤动；扑动翅膀；假装昏倒
 - spark, coruscate
vt. [电子] [光] 使闪烁；使摇曳
 - gleam
n. [电子] [光] 闪烁；闪光；电影
 - movie, film, cinema

Word: incur
Front: incur
[ɪnˈkɜ:(r)] (研六托雅宝 8042/4012 -2)
Vocabulary: incur
(once / 448 pages)
v
To incur is to get or receive — and usually it's something you brought upon yourself. If you don't pay your credit card bills on time, you'll likely incur lots of fees and some serious debt.
Generally, when you incur something, that something is undesirable. You can incur penalties, expenses, a parking ticket, or a friend’s wrath, for example. But it's pretty unlikely that you'd incur free tickets to the World Series. Frederick Douglass once famously said, “I prefer to be true to myself, even at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and to incur my own abhorrence."
WORD FAMILY
incur: incuring, incurred, incurrence, incurring, incurs, incursion +/ incursion: incursions
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he incurred huge debts because of the failure of his airline.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Meanwhile, community colleges in Tacoma and Spokane that volunteered to test the system are incurring overtime costs trying to get it to work.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Returns up to three months late will incur a fine of at least £100.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 招致，引起; 遭受
时态：incurred, incurring, incurs
分布：招致(68%)，遭受(24%)，惹起(8%)
→in-,进入，使，-cur,跑，词源同course,current.即跑进来，引申词义招致，导致。
招惹;蒙受(in进入+curs→跑进来→招惹}[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
v.招致,惹起,遭受The currency curriculum made the excursionist incur loss of time and money.货币课程使短途旅游者招致时间和钱的损失.
【记】in进入，cur跑－使不受欢迎的事跑进来－招惹incur不受欢迎的事occur（vi 发生；出现）
US [-'kɝ:] (-rr-) slightly formal
verb transitive
■to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken 招致；遭受
• to incur debts/fines/bills 招致债务／遭到罚款／要付帐
• The play has incurred the wrath/anger of both audiences and critics. 这部剧引起了观众和评论家的愤怒。
• Please detail any costs/expenses incurred by you in attending the interview. 请详细列出你参加这次面试所需承担的一切费用。
vt. 招致，引发；蒙受
 - invite, court, secure, spell, trigger

Word: glamorous
Front: glamorous
[ˈglæmərəs] (托宝 8060/7828 -2)
Vocabulary: glamorous
(once / 4232 pages)
adj
Movie stars look glamorous when they walk down the red carpet in their designer gowns. Glamorous means full of glamour, beauty, and excitement.
Glamorous comes from the Scottish gramarye meaning "magic, enchantment, spell." See a glamorous woman walking down the street and you might be captivated or enchanted by her beauty. A person can appear or act glamorous. An event like a really over-the-top party can be glamorous. Or a lifestyle that one chooses for herself can be glamorous, full of parties and swanky events.
WORD FAMILY
glamorous: glamorously, unglamorous+/glamor: glamorise, glamorize, glamorous, glamors/glamorise: glamorisation/glamorization: glamorizations/glamorize: glamorization, glamorized, glamorizes, glamorizing/unglamorous: unglamorously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glamorous Cypress Point, Alister Mackenzie's masterpiece woven through cypress, sand dunes and jagged coastline, wasn't always the darling of America's 100 Greatest.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
Georgia Tech beat the Tar Heels three days after struggling to beat one of their less glamorous neighbors: North Carolina A&T.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Her glamorous mother starred in Orson Welles’s Touch of Evil, but is forever the doomed woman in the shower in Psycho.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 富有魅力的; 迷人的; 富于刺激的; 独特的
分布：迷人的(76%)，富有魅力的(24%)
【记】源于苏格兰语glamour（n /glamor魔力；魅力）
US [-ə-] (mainly UK informal glam)
adjective
■attractive in an exciting and special way 有魅力的；令人向往的；富于刺激的；独特的
• a glamorous woman/outfit 迷人的女子／华丽的套装
• a glamorous job 令人向往的工作
• She was looking very glam. 她看上去美极了。
adj. 迷人的，富有魅力的
 - killing, taking, engaging, charming, fascinating

Word: brag
Front: brag
[bræg] (托宝 8048/20498 -1)
Vocabulary: brag
(once / 1425 pages)
vnadj
When you're bragging, you're boasting. If you can't stop talking about your fancy new shoes, that's bragging.
Ever notice how some people are full of themselves and constantly telling you about the great things they've done? Those folks like to brag. Bragging is a verbal kind of showing off. We all do it sometimes, and it's almost always annoying when other people do it. A specific boast can be called a brag. Athletes often brag before big games. But only the winners can brag after, because they backed up their words.
WORD FAMILY
brag: bragged, bragger, bragging, braggy, bragly, brags+/bragger: braggers/bragging: braggingly, braggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He still attended games, and bragged about the school on the NFL Network, where he is a color commentator.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Of course, his entire political career is founded on the “birther” lie, which he still brags about.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“I’m not bragging at all, you will never in this world see a boat like this one.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 自大，吹嘘; 自夸，夸口说
n. 自夸; 吹牛的人; 傲慢的态度; [游戏]类似于扑克的一种纸牌游戏
adj. 第一流的，极好的; 〈罕〉活泼的
时态：bragged, bragging, brags
分布：吹牛(52%)，自夸(24%)，吹牛的人(6%)，大话(6%)，傲慢的态度(6%)，特别好的(3%)，一流的(3%)
→拟声词。
【记】b不，rag破布。如有一人大喊：“我不是破布，我是好布！”那他一定是在吹牛。
[bræg] (-gg-) informal disapproving
verb intransitive
■to speak too proudly about what you have done or what you own 吹嘘，夸耀
• She's always bragging about how much money she earns. 她老是吹嘘自己赚钱如何如何多。
• [+ that] They bragged that their team had never been beaten. 他们夸耀说他们队伍从未输过。
pride, boast, brag, crow
这组词都有“自夸，吹嘘”的意思，其区别是：
pride: 与boast的意义较接近，指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
boast: 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸耀，常含言过其实的意味。
brag: 非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow: 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好。
n. 吹牛，自夸
 - fanfaronade, blague
vi. 吹牛，自夸
 - boast of, hot air
vt. 吹牛，吹嘘
 - hot air, talk horse

Word: successive
Front: successive
[səkˈsesɪv] (研四六托 8065/3735 -2)
Vocabulary: successive
(once / 323 pages)
adj
Successive is a word for things (or people) that follow each other in time. If three presidents in a row were over sixty, you could say, "Three successive presidents were over sixty."
Successive is a word that comes up often when you're looking at the history of something. Back in the 1960s, eight successive Boston Celtics teams won the NBA championship. In school, if you do very well, you could get an A in three successive math classes. Even though successive has the word success in it, it's not necessarily a good thing: you could also miss ten successive free throws.
WORD FAMILY
successive: successively, successiveness+/ succeed: succeeded, succeeder, succeeding, succeeds, succession, successive, successor /succeeder: succeeders/succeeding: succeedingly/ succession: successions/ successor: successors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scotland's Anderson, 46, bidding to become only the third man to win three successive titles, broke to lead 2-1.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Niners became the first team in nearly four decades to follow coaches in successive seasons after only one-year tenures.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Defoe’s equalizer prevented Sunderland slumping to a third successive loss.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 连续的，相继的; 继承的，接替的; 逐次
分布：连续的(82%)，接连的(11%)，接二连三的(7%)
→来自 succeed,接替，继任，-ss,过去分词格，-ive,形容词后缀。
连续的[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
a.接连的,连续的The accessory successor never made concessions to difficulties, so he succeeded in accessing successive successes.附属继承人从未向困难妥协,因此在走向连续的成功之路上成功了.
adjective [before noun]
■happening one after the other without any break 接连地，连续地
• It was the team's fourth successive defeat. 那是球队接连第四次失利。
• He won the World Championship for the third successive year. 他连续第三次赢得世界锦标赛冠军。
consecutive, successive
consecutive: 按顺序来的，连续不断的
successive: 一连串的
continuous, constant, continual, persistent, successive
这组词都有“连续的”的意思，其区别是：
continuous: 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
constant: 多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
continual: 强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。
persistent: 普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。
successive: 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
adj. 连续的；继承的；依次的；接替的
 - continuing, straight, endless, running, serial

Word: souvenir
Front: souvenir
[ˌsu:vəˈnɪə(r)] (六托雅宝 8063/8608 -1)
Vocabulary: souvenir
(once / 1543 pages)
n
A souvenir is a keepsake or a remembrance. A telltale sign that someone has visited Paris is the tiny, metal Eiffel Tower hanging from her keychain as a souvenir.
First recorded in 1775 as meaning “a remembrance or memory,” the noun souvenir stems from the French souvenir “to remember, come to mind.” A few years later, it took on the sense of “a token” of an event or experience. A song by Tears for Fears goes, “Love is a promise, love is a souvenir, once given never forgotten, never let it disappear.” Here, souvenir refers to a feeling, but more often it refers to something tangible, like a memento, gift, or trophy.
WORD FAMILY
souvenir: souvenirs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some fans prefer the "warmth" of the sound compared with digital files, while others buy LPs as souvenirs and works of art.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Carting away driftwood or other souvenirs is often prohibited, and shellfish collecting is legal only at certain times and requires a state-issued license.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Porter was cherishing one souvenir: “I got lipstick on my face!”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 纪念品; 礼物
vt. 把…留作纪念
分布：纪念品(100%)
→来自古法语动词 souvenir,记忆，怀念，-ir,表动词，来自拉丁语 subvenire,记忆，重现，回想， 来自 sub-,向上，venire,来到，词源同 advent,venue.后动词作名词使用，引申词义纪念物，纪 念品。
【记】sou＝south南方，ven问，ir：老婆问老公，你从南方带什么纪念品回来？
US [-və'nɪr] noun countable
■something you buy or keep to help you remember a holiday or special event 纪念品；纪念物
• He bought a model of a red London bus as a souvenir of his trip to London. 他买了一个红色的伦敦公车模型，作为他伦敦之行的纪念。
• We brought back a few souvenirs from our holiday in Greece. 我们从希腊度假回来时买了一些纪念品。
present, gift, souvenir, tip
这组词都有“礼物，赠品”的意思，其区别是：
present: 普通用词，指给亲朋好友的礼物，赠者与被赠者之间存在某种个人关系，所赠礼物一般不是很昂贵的。
gift: 含义广，既可指真诚相送的礼物、赠品或生日、节日礼物，又可指捐赠的物品或捐款等。
souvenir: 指对人、物、地点或事件有纪念意义的礼物或纪念品。
tip: 指为酬谢他人服务而给的小费。
n. 纪念品；礼物
 - gift, giving, present, tribute

Word: slate
Front: slate
[sleɪt] (雅宝 8061/6358 -2)
Vocabulary: slate
(once / 644 pages)
nv
Slate is a type of gray metamorphic rock that is made up of quartz and other minerals. The rock can be split into thin layers and the slate used for things like roofing tiles.
In the past when paper was expensive, schoolchildren used slates to do their school work. These were usually made of actual slate rock. Students could practice their writing on the slate with a slate pencil. When they were done, the slate could be erased, which gave rise to the term "clean slate." If you've done things in the past you aren't proud of, you may hope to start over with a clean slate.
WORD FAMILY
slate: slated, slates, slating+/slating: slatings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s a look at the full slate of 2017 opponents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Rams are slated to play two more seasons at the Coliseum before their new Inglewood stadium opens in 2019.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Tipped workers are slated to receive a minimum of $4.08 an hour starting next year - a bump of 3 cents.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 石板; 板岩，页岩; 行为记录; 石板色，深蓝灰色
vt. 用石板瓦盖，用板岩覆盖（例如屋顶）; 把…加到竞选者的名单上; 安排或指定
adj. 石板的; 石板色的，深蓝灰色的
时态：slated, slating, slates
分布：石板(42%)，板岩(33%)，提名(5%)，石板色(5%)，石片(3%)，严厉批评(3%)，候选人名单(2%)，用石板覆盖(2%)，预订(2%)，含板岩的(2%)，暗蓝灰色的(1%)
→来自古法语 esclate,阴性格于 esclat,薄片，碎片，木条，即现拼写 slat.比较 marquis,侯爵， marquise,女侯爵，侯爵夫人。后 slat 多用于指木制板，slate 多用于指石制板，并引申比喻义 写字板，清单，候选人名单。
【记】源于：slat（n 板条），e－石板，古希腊选举时在石板上刻候选人的名字－候选人名单
noun
ROCK 岩石
countable or uncountable
■a dark grey rock that can be easily divided into thin pieces, or a small thin piece of this used to cover a roof 板岩，石板；（盖屋顶的）石板瓦
[sleɪt] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
countable (also slate PC)
■a small computer with a screen that you can write on using a special pen 笔记型电脑
[sleɪt] noun
FOR WRITING 用于书写
countable
■in the past, a small thin rectangular piece of slate (= rock) , usually in a wooden frame, used for writing on, especially by children （尤指旧时儿童写字用的）石板
[sleɪt] noun
CHOOSE 选择
countable US
■the group of people who are chosen by a particular party to take part in an election 候选人名单
• The senator has not got a full slate of delegates in New York. 参议员还没有拿到纽约州所有候选代表的名单。
[sleɪt] noun
on the slate UK informal
■when the price of food or drink that a regular customer buys is recorded so that they can pay for it at another time 记账，赊账
• Could you put these drinks on the slate? 你能将这些饮料记账吗？
[sleɪt] noun
with the slate wiped clean
■with your past mistakes or crimes forgotten （过去的错误或罪行）一笔勾销
[sleɪt] verb transitive
CHOOSE 选择 US to be expected to happen in the future or to be expected to be or do something in the future 预计，预定；安排
• [+ to infinitive] Geoff is slated to be the next captain of the football team. 杰夫预计会成为该足球队的下一任队长。
• The election is slated for (= the chosen day is) next Thursday. 选举定于下星期四举行。
[sleɪt] verb transitive
CRITICIZE 批评 UK informal
■to attack by criticizing; to write or say that something is very bad 抨击，批评
• Her last book was slated by the critics. 她的新书受到了评论家的抨击。
[sleɪt] verb transitive
ROCK 岩石
■to cover a roof with slates 用石板瓦盖顶
[sleɪt] adjective
■of a colour similar to slate 石板色的，深蓝灰色的
• slate grey 石板灰
• slate blue 石板蓝
n. [岩] 板岩； [地质] 石板；蓝色；石片
 - blue, flagstone

Word: carpenter
Front: carpenter
[ˈkɑ:pəntə(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 8059/9552 -1)
Vocabulary: carpenter
(once / 388 pages)
nv
A carpenter is a person who makes things out of wood. You could hire a carpenter to build you a dining room table and two long benches.
Carpenters specialize in woodworking, making furniture and buildings from wood and repairing various wooden things. If you wanted beautiful handmade wooden cabinets in your kitchen, you'd hire a carpenter. The word has been around since the 14th century, but it's been a common last name for even longer. It comes from the Late Latin carpentarius, "wagon maker," with its root word carpentum, "wagon."
WORD FAMILY
carpenter: carpentered, carpentering, carpenters, carpentry+/carpentry: carpentries
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the state’s earliest remaining example of “Carpenters Gothic” style architecture.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Inside, carpenters, electricians and designers scrambled to complete work on the $7.5 million lodge in the run-up to its official opening late last month.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Carpenter played collegiately at Virginia Tech before recording 165 tackles and 14 interceptions in his six-year NFL career with the Buffalo Bills and Atlanta Falcons.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 木工，木匠
v. 当木匠; 做木工活
时态：carpentered, carpentering, carpenters
分布：木匠(98%)，做木工活(2%)
→词源同car, chariot , 原指制作马车或战车的人。
n.木工,木匠The career carpenter put the cargo on the carbon carpet.职业木匠把货物放到碳质地毯上.
【记】carp吹毛求疵，enter进入：进门时吹毛求疵－因为他是木匠，看看门做的好不好。
US ['kɑ:r.pɪn.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is making and repairing wooden objects and structures 木匠；木工 Compare joiner
n. 木匠，木工
 - squareman, woodworker
vt. 制作
 - to make

Word: benchmark
Front: benchmark
[ˈbentʃmɑ:k] (8070/12631 -1)
Vocabulary: benchmark
(once / 2382 pages)
n
A benchmark is a standard that other similar items can be compared to — that way everything is measured against a common standard.
Benchmark originally referred to a mark made on a wall or building by a surveyor for use as a reference point. The word still retains that meaning, but nowadays you’re more likely to hear it used in a figurative sense to describe a standard used to measure the worth of something. A particular item is selected as a benchmark, and other similar items are compared to the benchmark. A popular sitcom may be the benchmark other shows are judged against.
WORD FAMILY
benchmark: benchmarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
London's benchmark interest rate, Libor, was invented by a Greek banker arranging a loan for Iran.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Benchmark U.S. crude fell 5 cents to close at $53.72 a barrel in New York.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
U.S. benchmark crude finished the year up 45 percent at $53.72 a barrel.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 基准，参照; 标准检查程序; 水准标
vt. 检测（用基准问题测试）
分布：标准检查程序(42%)，基准点(33%)，参照点(25%)
→bench, 堤岸。mark, 记号。
US [-mɑ:rk] noun countable
■a level of quality which can be used as a standard when comparing other things 基准（点）
• Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world. 她的精彩表演为全世界歌手树立了新典范。
UK ['bentʃ.mɑ:k] US [-mɑ:rk] verb transitive
■to measure the quality of something by comparing it with something else of an accepted standard 用标准衡量
• His reports pointed out that we do not have reliability in the sense of all schools being benchmarked against the best. 他的报告指出，我们这种把所有学校都按最好学校的要求进行衡量的做法，根本并不可取。
n. [计] 基准；标准检查程序
 - norm

Word: exhausted
Front: exhausted
[ɪgˈzɔ:stɪd] (托 8054/7658)
Vocabulary: exhausted
(once / 217 pages)
adj
Up too late studying? Want nothing more than to get a little bit of sleep? Sounds like you're exhausted — all of your energy has been used up. Exhausted is spent, drained, and depleted.
Though you might associate the word exhausted with people, it's a word that can be used to talk about anything that's depleted. You might want to continue traveling around Europe, but if your funds are exhausted, it's time to go home. If you're trying to get in touch with the airline so you can make a reservation for your homeward-bound trip, your patience may become exhausted after being placed on hold for hours.
WORD FAMILY
exhausted: exhaustedly, unexhausted+/ exhaust: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustion, exhaustive, exhausts/ exhausting: exhaustingly/ exhaustion: exhaustions/ exhaustive: exhaustively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wartford, hamstrung by injuries, looked exhausted and contributed to its own downfall with poor defending.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was so mentally and physically exhausted he barely moved for two weeks after his publicity tour ended.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
They are often hard to like, and you are often exhausted and miserable.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 耗尽的; 用完的; 筋疲力尽的; 精疲力竭的
v. 用尽( exhaust的过去式和过去分词 ); 使非常疲倦; 详尽讨论（或研究）; 弄空
分布：精疲力竭的(56%)，用完的(44%)
筋疲力尽的(exhaust+ed→[力气]被抽干了)[haust=drawwater,表示"抽水"]
US [-'zɑ:-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■extremely tired 极其疲惫的；精疲力竭的
• Exhausted, they fell asleep. 他们筋疲力尽，倒头就睡。
• By the time they reached the summit they were exhausted. 他们上到山顶时，已经筋疲力竭了。
exhausted, exhaustive, exhausting
exhausted: 感到精疲力竭的；
exhaustive: 彻底的，详尽的
exhausting: 令人精疲力竭的；
adj. 疲惫的；耗尽的
 - frazzled, worn to a frazzle

Word: familiarity
Front: familiarity
[fəˌmɪliˈærəti] (宝 8057/8643)
Vocabulary: familiarity
(once / 754 pages)
n
Familiarity is the state of knowing something very well. It's also a casual way of behaving. Your familiarity with your best friend means that you can say whatever you want around her.
Familiarity is from the Latin word familiaritatem for "intimacy, friendship.” Familiarity is used in situations that people know well. A painter has a familiarity with brushes and canvas. When there’s familiarity with a task, people aren’t stressed, because they’ve done it before. This word also refers to a casual way of acting: if you hug someone, it shows familiarity. That kind of familiarity is the opposite of aloofness and formality.
WORD FAMILY
familiarity: familiarities+/ familiar: familiarise, familiarity, familiarize, familiarly, familiars, overfamiliar, unfamiliar /familiarise: familiarisation, familiarised, familiarises, familiarising/ familiarize: familiarization, familiarized, familiarizes, familiarizing/ unfamiliar: unfamiliarity, unfamiliarly/unfamiliarity: unfamiliarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Critics on social media said her tweets appeared to reflect lack of familiarity with Twitter and a willingness to cooperate with China’s state-controlled media.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
When those pieces are freshmen, there isn’t even some measure of familiarity from a previous season to fall back upon.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He said he always expects the best from Dolphins because of their familiarity with them.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 熟悉; 通晓; 认识; 友好随便
分布：熟悉(85%)，精通(7%)，亲密(7%)，不拘礼节(1%)
熟悉(familiar熟悉的)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
【记】familiar（adj 熟悉的；亲近的n 密友；熟客）
【反】conversance（n 熟悉；精通）－lack of familiarity（不熟悉）
US [-'er.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
KNOWLEDGE 知识
■a good knowledge of something, or the fact that you know it so well 通晓；熟知，熟悉
• Ellen's familiarity with pop music is astonishing. 埃伦对流行音乐之精通令人吃惊。
• I love the familiarity of my old chair. 我喜欢我的旧椅子给我的那种亲切感。
UK [fəˌmɪl.i'ær.ə.ti] US [-'er.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
FRIENDLINESS 友好
■friendly and informal behaviour 友好随便；亲近
• His excessive familiarity offended her. 他过分亲昵的举动冒犯了她。
UK [fəˌmɪl.i'ær.ə.ti] US [-'er.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
Familiarity breeds contempt. saying
■said about someone you know very well and have stopped respecting because you have seen all their bad qualities 亲不敬，熟生蔑。
n. 熟悉，精通；亲密；随便
 - up on, acquainted with

Word: plank
Front: plank
[plæŋk] (托雅宝 8053/7531 -1)
Back: n. （厚）木板; 支持物; 政纲条目
vt. 在…上铺板; 重重放下; 立即付款
时态：planked, planking, planks
分布：厚板(36%)，政纲条目(16%)，用力放下(16%)，支撑物(16%)，铺板(16%)
→来自拉丁语planca,宽木板，板条，来自plak,平的，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
noun countable
FLAT PIECE 平板
■a long narrow flat piece of wood or similar material, of the type used for making floors 木板；板条
• oak/concrete planks 橡木／混凝土板
• a plank of wood 一块木板条
• We used a plank to cross the ditch. 我们利用一块跳板跨过了沟。
[plæŋk] noun countable
PRINCIPLE 原则 literary
■an important principle on which the activities of a group, especially a political group, are based （尤指政治组织的）政纲条款，政策准则
• Educational reform was one of the main planks of their election campaign. 教育改革是他们竞选活动的主要纲领之一。
• The party's policy is based on five central planks. 该党的政策基于五条中心政治纲领。
n. [木] 厚木板；支架；政纲条款
 - rest, supporting stand

Word: blaze
Front: blaze
[bleɪz] (研四六托雅 8056/7128 -2)
Vocabulary: blaze
(once / 179 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A blaze is a bright, strong flame. A raging fire is blazing and you can also say other types of shining, like with talent, are types of blazing.
A fire is a blaze. Fire, when it's going strong and burning bright, is blazing. The greater the blaze, the harder a fire is to put out. You can also use this word for other types of brightness or shining. When Michael Jordan played in the NBA, he blazed across the league. Fashion trends that catch on quickly blaze across the country. If something spreads or shines like wildfire, it blazes.
WORD FAMILY
blaze: blazed, blazes, blazing+/blazing: blazingly, blazings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say firefighters got control of the fire within minutes and the blaze was contained to the main sanctuary.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The town’s fire department says the owner of the home wasn’t there when the blaze began.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The blaze was extinguished swiftly by other people at the scene, but the man was seriously injured.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 火焰; 光辉; 爆发; 光彩
vi. 猛烈地燃烧; 发光，照耀
vt. 在树片上刻痕指示（道路等）; 公开宣布
时态：blazed, blazing, blazes
分布：火焰(34%)，燃烧(18%)，光辉(14%)，迸发(10%)，烈火(9%)，发光(9%)，记号(3%)，传播(3%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 燃烧，发光，同blank.
n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰The crazy jazzman gazed at the blaze on the razor with amazement.疯狂的爵士音乐演奏者惊愕地盯着剃刀上的白斑.
verb intransitive
■to burn brightly and strongly 熊熊燃烧
• The sun was blazing down that afternoon. 那天下午烈日炎炎。
■literary
■to be brightly lit or full of colour 闪耀；发亮光
• Isaac's eyes suddenly blazed with anger. 艾萨克的眼里突然冒出怒火。
[bleɪz] verb intransitive
blaze a trail
■to do something that has never been done before 开拓道路；起先导作用
• Elvis Presley blazed a trail in pop music. 猫王普里斯莱在流行音乐领域开创了新潮流。
[bleɪz] noun countable
FIRE 火
■a large strong fire 大火，烈火
• Firefighters took two hours to control the blaze. 消防队员花了两个小时才控制住大火。
[bleɪz] noun countable
STRONG EFFECT 强烈效果
a blaze of sth
■something that has a sudden very powerful or noticeable effect 灿烂；炫目；绚烂
• The garden is a blaze of colour in autumn. 秋天花园里姹紫嫣红。
• His book was launched in a blaze of publicity. 他的书在大张旗鼓的宣传下上市销售。
[bleɪz] noun countable
MARK 斑点
■a white mark on the face of a horse or other animal （马等动物面部的）白斑
[bleɪz] noun countable
go to blazes old-fashioned informal
■used to tell someone to go away 走开！
[bleɪz] noun countable
what the blazes... ? old-fashioned informal
■used to give force to something you feel angry about （用于增强愤怒的语气）到底…？ 究竟…？
• What the blazes did he do that for? 他到底为甚么那么做?
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vt. 在树皮上刻路标；公开宣布
 - tell the world, go public
n. 火焰，烈火；光辉；情感爆发
 - flame, brilliance
vi. 燃烧；照耀，发光；激发
 - burn, to shine

Word: relaxation
Front: relaxation
[ˌri:lækˈseɪʃn] (托雅宝 8062/4754)
Vocabulary: relaxation
(once / 1361 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
The noun relaxation describes the act of making something less strict. If your boss announces a relaxation of the company dress code, that means lots of happy people will be wearing jeans to work.
Relaxation carries many shades of meaning. It can describe being free from responsibility, like a relaxation of your usual obligations that comes while you're on vacation. The feeling of rest and peacefulness that can come from this freedom is also called relaxation. It comes from Latin: re- means "again," laxare means "loosen," and the suffix -ation means "the state of." So relaxation is the state of loosening something again.
WORD FAMILY
relaxation: relaxations+/ relax: relaxant, relaxation, relaxed, relaxer, relaxes, relaxing /relaxant: relaxants/ relaxed: relaxedly, unrelaxed/relaxer: relaxers/ relaxing: relaxingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
An excellent value with Dutch style and British humor, the Hoxton Amsterdam hits the sweet spot by balancing a hip vibe and relaxation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Now, instead of stressing about buying presents, I place more importance on relaxation and family time and I look forward to Christmas much more.”
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
He said Monday was for relaxation, as well as Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 消遣，放松; 松懈，松弛; 放宽; [生理]驰松
分布：放松(66%)，松弛(26%)，消遣(8%)
休息;娱乐(relax的名词)[lax=loose,表示"松"]
noun
FEELING 感觉
uncountable
■the feeling of being relaxed 放松；松弛
• I go fishing for relaxation. 我钓鱼是为了消遣放松。
countable
■a pleasant activity which makes you become calm and less worried 消遣；娱乐；休闲活动
• Yoga is one of my favourite relaxations. 练瑜伽是我最喜欢的娱乐方式之一。
[ˌri:.læk'seɪ.ʃən] noun
RULE 规则
uncountable
■the act of making rules or the control of something less severe 放宽；放松；削弱
• I cannot allow any relaxation in/of the rules. 我不能允许任何放宽规定的做法。
comfort, ease, leisure, rest, relaxation, relief
这组词都有“舒适，安逸、悠闲”的意思，其区别是：
comfort: 通常指在摆脱烦人、痛苦的事情，或在要求、愿望得到满足后所感到的舒适。
ease: 指因没有担心和忧虑而轻松。
leisure: 专指闲暇时间或悠闲状态。
rest: 与work相对，强调水分除身心痛劳，不着重休息方式。
relaxation: 强调消除肌肉疲劳或思想的紧张状态，使身心松弛，得到休息。
relief: 侧重有消除痛苦、不适或困难的负担，常暗含不利因素已不存在的意味。
n. 放松；缓和；消遣
 - entertainment, occupation, recreation

Word: lousy
Front: lousy
[ˈlaʊzi] (8071/14571 -1)
Vocabulary: lousy
(once / 5667 pages)
adj
Lousy things are terrible. The lousy things in life are the ones you complain about: your lousy job, the lousy weather, and the lousy pizza you had for lunch.
The slang word lousy is the perfect way to describe something particularly awful or rotten. When you're sick, you feel lousy, and when someone is mean or rude, they treat you in a lousy way. The original, literal meaning of lousy is "infested with lice," those creepy crawly parasites that hang out on people's scalps. It was once common to say a place was "lousy with" something (like tourists or poodles) to mean "swarming with" them.
WORD FAMILY
lousy: lousier, lousiest, lousiness+/delouse: deloused, delouses, delousing/ louse: delouse, lice, louses, lousy
USAGE EXAMPLES
The odds on getting anybody nearly as good, or with a comparable ceiling, are lousy.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
This structure would kill the incentive for financial advisers to pitch lousy products with embedded fees to their clients.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Not a bad trade for a few lousy midweek games between teams you don’t want to see wearing garish color rush uniforms.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 讨厌的; 污秽的; 多虱的; 不清洁的
级别：lousier, lousiest
分布：差劲的(49%)，多虱的(43%)，可鄙的(8%)
→来自louse,虱子，引申词义极糟糕的。
['laʊ.zi] informal
adjective
■very bad 糟糕的，差劲的
• lousy food/service 糟糕的食物／服务
• a lousy film 糟糕的电影
• I had a lousy weekend. 周末我过得很糟糕。
• I feel lousy (= very ill) - I'm going home. 我感觉很不舒服——想回家去。
• All he offered me was a lousy £20 (= a small amount of money) ! 他一共只给了我可怜的20英镑！
adj. 讨厌的；多虱的；污秽的；极坏的
 - evil, rank, dirty, unpleasant, poisonous

Word: brand-new
Front: brand-new
['brænd'nju:] (-2)
Back: adj. 全新的，崭新的; 新制
分布：崭新的(100%)
ADJ
崭新的；簇新的
A brand-new object is completely new.
例：Yesterday he went off to buy himself a brand-new car.昨天他去给自己买了一辆崭新的小汽车。
adj. 崭新的；最近获得的
 - span-new, in mint condition

Word: GDP
Front: GDP
[.dʒiː diː 'piː] (7057/6317 -2)
Back: abbr. 国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）；辉光放电聚合物（Glow Discharge Polymer）
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable specialized abbreviation for
■Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year 国内生产总值
• If the GDP continues to shrink, the country will be in a recession. 如果国内生产总值继续下降，这个国家将陷入经济衰退。
Compare GNP

Word: biscuit
Front: biscuit
[ˈbɪskɪt] (中高研四 8068/4203 -K2)
Vocabulary: biscuit
(once / 654 pages)
1n 2n
A biscuit is a small, round type of bread. A biscuit is delicious with butter, or you might prefer your biscuits with gravy.
Biscuits are a lot like rolls, and they often serve the same purpose by being side dishes or appetizers. Baking powder or soda is used to leaven biscuits, which are best served when warm and soft. A hard, stale biscuit isn’t very appealing. People often eat biscuits as a side dish with dinner, or smothered with gravy at breakfast.
WORD FAMILY
biscuit: biscuits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before that, in less than three weeks’ time, Donald Trump gets his fat fingers on the nuclear biscuit.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Her help, Maria, lays on the biscuits and pours the whisky.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It urges gentlemen to move for up to 24 miles a day, and to opt for a diet of lean meat, stale bread, and biscuits.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <英>饼干; <美>软烤饼; 松饼（食用时常佐以肉汁）; 淡黄褐色
分布：饼干(93%)，淡褐色(7%)
→bis, 二。cuit, 词源同cook. 原指两面煎烤的面包。
n.饼干,点心The biscuit compels the mosquitoes quit the equipment.这种饼干迫使蚊子离开设备.
noun countable
FLAT CAKE 薄身的饼
 ESSENTIAL UK (US cookie)
■a small, flat cake that is dry and usually sweet 饼干；薄薄一片的甜饼
• chocolate/ginger biscuits 巧克力／姜味饼干
• a packet of biscuits 一包饼干
• We had tea and biscuits at 3.30 p.m. 我们在下午三点半享用茶点。
['bɪs.kɪt] noun countable
BREAD 面包 US a type of bread usually baked in small, round pieces 松饼
• baking-powder biscuits 焙粉松饼干
• biscuits and gravy 松饼和肉汁
['bɪs.kɪt] noun countable
(really) take the biscuit UK (US (really) take the cake) informal
■You say that something or someone (really) takes the biscuit when they have done something that you find extremely annoying or surprising 极其讨厌；十分惊人
• And you say she's opening your letters now? Oh, that really takes the biscuit! 你说她在拆你的信？啊，这可真令人难以置信！
n. 小点心，饼干
 - munchies, cookie

Word: conversely
Front: conversely
[ˈkɒnvɜ:sli] (研四六雅 8066/6671)
Vocabulary: conversely
(once / 5106 pages)
adv
The word conversely is an adverb that means "the opposite" or "on the other hand." It is often used to introduce an idea that is different from one stated before. You say the photo is a fake. Conversely, the photographer claims it's real.
The adverb conversely has its origin in the Latin word convertere, which means "to turn about." In the following quote by Journalist Andy Rooney note how the word balances the two sentences: "The closing of a door can bring blessed privacy and comfort - the opening, terror. Conversely, the closing of a door can be a sad and final thing - the opening a wonderfully joyous moment."
WORD FAMILY
converse: conversation, conversed, conversely, converses, conversing+/ conversation: conversational, conversationalist, conversationist, conversations/conversational: conversationally/ conversationalist: conversationalists/conversationist: conversationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Conversely, the disaster showed what kind of spirit exists in East Tennessee and across the state, as the outpouring of support for Sevier County continues.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Conversely, a green canopy isn’t a sign of a tree’s health, Green said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
And companies are often wary of over-notifying customers, for fear of brand damage or, conversely, that breach-fatigued consumers will ignore important messages.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 相反地，颠倒地; 倒地; 反之; 反过来
分布：相反地(100%)
ad.相反地Conversely, you might say that it is ridiculous.反过来说,你可以说它很古怪.
ADV
相反地;反过来说
You say conversely to indicate that the situation you are about to describe is the opposite or reverse of the one you have just described.
例：In real life, nobody was all bad, nor, conversely, all good.在现实生活中，没有彻头彻尾的坏人，相反地，也没有完完全全的好人。
adv. 相反地
 - contrary, counter, backward, inversely

Word: narrowly
Front: narrowly
[ˈnærəʊli] (8064/6884)
Back: adv. 狭窄地; 勉强地; 严密地; 仔细地
分布：勉强地(38%)，严密地(31%)，狭窄地(31%)
→来自narrow,狭窄，引申义勉强的。
US [-oʊ-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■only by a small amount 勉强地；差一点儿
• She narrowly missed winning an Oscar. 她与奥斯卡奖失之交臂。
■in a limited way 狭义地；严格地
• a narrowly interpreted law 狭义诠释的法律
■formal
■carefully or in a way that shows doubt 仔细地；质疑地
• The officer looked at him narrowly through half-closed eyes. 那个员警眯起眼睛仔细打量他。
adv. 仔细地；勉强地；狭窄地；严密地
 - closely, grudgingly

Word: tortilla
Front: tortilla
[tɔ:ˈti:ə] (8052/28878)
Back: n. 玉米粉圆饼
分布：名词(100%)
→来自墨西哥西班牙语 tortilla,小蛋糕，来自拉丁语 torta panis,圆面包，词源同 tart,torte.-illa,小 词后缀。后用于指墨西哥玉米馅饼。
扭弯的(tort扭曲+ile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
US [tɔ:r'ti:.jə] noun
countable
■a type of thin round Mexican bread made from maize flour 墨西哥玉米薄饼
countable or uncountable
■a thick Spanish omelette (= flat, round food made by frying eggs that have been mixed together) with potato and sometimes onion in it （有时加有洋葱的）西班牙土豆煎蛋饼

Word: disciple
Front: disciple
[dɪˈsaɪpl] (托宝 8067/7802 -1)
Vocabulary: disciple
(once / 296 pages)
n
A disciple is a follower or a fan of someone. You might consider yourself to be a disciple of your favorite yoga teacher.
The noun disciple comes from the Latin word discipulus, which means "student, learner, or follower." One of the earliest places disciple showed up was in the Bible, where it means "a follower of Jesus," sometimes specifically one of the twelve Apostles. It's still used that way in religious speech and writing, but it can also describe a serious, dedicated follower or student of a teacher or leader.
WORD FAMILY
disciple: disciples, discipleship
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s clearly a disciple of pioneering tape-loop Minimalists like Terry Riley and Steve Reich using far more modern gear.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As a disciple of preparedness, I do both.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
After the insult, the Gangster Disciples left the block, but then returned, and the verbal jabbing continued.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 信徒，追随者; 门徒，弟子; 耶稣的信徒; [宗]耶稣十二门徒之一
分布：弟子(53%)，门徒(32%)，信徒(15%)
→来自拉丁语discere, 学习，获知，来自dek-skos,教，自我学习，*dek, 得体，教导，词源同doctor, dogma， *skos, 表反身，见bask, busk. 原义为学生，追随者，尤指耶稣的十二门徒。后词义通用化。
【记】源于：耶稣最初的十二信徒之一：Discipledisciple必须有discipline（n 纪律）
【反】obstreperous（adj 任性的）－disciplined（adj 遵守纪律的）
noun
countable
■a person who believes in the ideas and principles of someone famous and tries to live the way they do or did 信徒，门徒，追随者
• an ardent disciple of the prime minister 首相狂热的追随者
the disciples [plural] (also the Disciples)
■the twelve men who followed Jesus Christ during his life 耶稣十二门徒
⇒ See also the apostles
n. 门徒，信徒；弟子
 - Christian, protege

Word: angrily
Front: angrily
['æŋɡrəlɪ] (8069/5467 -K)
Vocabulary: angrily
(once / 407 pages)
adv
Something that's done angrily happens in an annoyed or hostile way. If you slam the door angrily, you do it because you're furious.
When you speak angrily to someone, your displeasure is obvious in your voice, and if your neighbors react angrily to your decision to start keeping bees in your backyard, they are deeply unhappy about it. The adverb angrily comes from its related adjective, angry. The Old Norse root is angra, "to grieve, vex, distress, or take offense with," from Proto-Germanic origins.
WORD FAMILY
angry: angrier, angriest, angrily, angriness, angryly, unangry+/ anger: angered, angering, angers, angry
USAGE EXAMPLES
On social media, the criticism was fierce — with one poster angrily wondering whether they’d soon start charging to use restrooms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Taiwanese MPs said China was using “dollar diplomacy” to further isolate the island, an accusation China angrily rejected on Thursday.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
When reporters wrote about Smith’s anger, he attempted to prove them wrong, often by angrily confronting them.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 愤怒地，生气地; 气呼呼; 气冲冲
分布：气愤地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
发怒的；生气的；愤怒的
When you are angry, you feel strong dislike or impatience about something.
例：She had been very angry at the person who stole her new bike...她很生气有人偷走了她的新自行车。
例：Are you angry with me for some reason?...你是因为什么原因在生我的气吗？
ADJ-GRADED
（伤口或疹子）肿痛的，红肿的
An angry wound or rash is red and painful.
例：He was badly concussed, the glass leaving two angry cuts across his forehead.他遭受了严重的脑震荡，脑门上留下的两道被玻璃划破的口子已经红肿。
ADJ-GRADED
（天空或海洋）天昏地暗的，狂风暴雨的
If you describe the sky or sea as angry, you mean that it is dark and stormy.
adv. 愤怒地
 - wrathfully, angerly

Word: vet
Front: vet
[vet] (8077/6728 -2)
Vocabulary: vet
(once / 3307 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
You are a vet if you served in the Armed Forces, or if you went to veterinary school and now give medical care to animals.
The noun vet is short for either veteran (of the Armed Forces) or veterinarian (animal doctor). As a verb, vet means "to carefully examine beforehand." For example, your boss might ask you to vet people's applications before calling them for interviews, just to make sure they have the right experience for the job. Medically speaking, when a doctor vets you — or an animal — medical care is given.
WORD FAMILY
vet: vets, vetted, vetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jack Russell was sedated and vets spent 45 minutes removing the "rock hard" paste encasing the dog's teeth.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The driver invited everyone on the bus to welcome the Vietnam vet and the applause was loud and long.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ahlschwede said although the vet may be thriving at his or her new career, he or she may need some guidance along the way.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 审查（某人过去的记录、资格等）; 诊疗; 检查
vi. 当兽医
n. 老兵; 〈美口〉同“veteran“
时态：vetted, vetting, vets
分布：兽医(77%)，审查(10%)，诊疗(7%)，老兵(5%)，作兽医(1%)
→缩写自veteran.
noun countable
ANIMAL DOCTOR 兽医 (UK formal veterinary surgeon) (US formal veterinarian)
■a person with a medical degree trained to take care of the health of animals 兽医
• The farmer called the vet out to treat a sick cow. 农夫叫来兽医诊治病牛。
■(UK also vet's)
■the office where a vet works 兽医诊所
• We took our cat to the vet's for its annual cat flu injection. 我们把猫送到兽医诊所接受每年一次的流感疫苗注射。
[vet] noun countable
ARMED FORCES 武装力量 US informal for
■ veteran (= a person who has served in the armed forces) 老兵，退伍军人
[vet] verb transitive (-tt-)
■to examine something or someone carefully to make certain that they are acceptable or suitable 审查，检查
• During the war, the government vetted all news reports before they were published. 战争期间，所有新闻报道在发表之前要接受政府的审查。
• The bank carefully vets everyone who applies for an account. 银行对每个申请开通帐户的人都进行仔细的审核。
vt. 审查；诊疗
 - oversee, censor
n. 兽医
 - veterinarian, farrier

Word: backlash
Front: backlash
[ˈbæklæʃ] (8075/12108 -1)
Vocabulary: backlash
(once / 4064 pages)
nv
When many people react against something in the same way, you can call it a backlash. A backlash against government policies can result in mass protests.
When people get angry enough about something — or just tired of hearing about it — the result can be a backlash. An influx of refugees to a city can cause a backlash against immigration, and the popularity of a particular style of music might eventually cause a backlash against it. A true backlash involves many people acting together. The original, 1815 meaning of backlash was "recoil between parts of a machine." It wasn't until the 1950's that the figurative meaning came into use.
WORD FAMILY
backlash: backlashed, backlashes, backlashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
However the backlash prompted him to defend the proposal in a Facebook post last week.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Journalists who tried to investigate Ms. Choi suffered a vicious official backlash.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Occupy movement was a backlash to the financial crisis.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 反击; 后坐; 激烈反应
分布：强烈反对(63%)，后冲(16%)，激烈反应(12%)，反撞(3%)，缠结(3%)，齿轮隙(3%)
noun countable
■a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent events in society or politics （社会或政治方面的）强烈反应，强烈反对
• the Sixties backlash against bourgeois materialism 60年代对资产阶级物质主义的强烈抵制
• the backlash against feminism 对女权主义的强烈反对

Word: physiological
Front: physiological
[ˌfɪzɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (研六托雅宝 8058/8196)
Vocabulary: physiological
(once / 1509 pages)
adj
Anything physiological has to do with the body and its systems. You might notice that your physiological response to a scary movie includes your heart beating faster and your hands getting sweaty.
You know that the root word of physiological is phys, which refers to the body (think of those phys. ed. classes you panted through). That root comes from the Greek word for nature. Add the suffix ology, which means "the study of" (see where we're going?), and finally, tack on that little ical. Ta-taa! You have turned the root into an adjective to describe the way your body works. Let's get physiological!
WORD FAMILY
physiological: physiologically+/physiologist: physiologists/ physiology: physiologic, physiological, physiologies, physiologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Human rights organizations say torture and other forms of physiological and physical abuse are common at prison camps throughout the country.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The Streams app gathers information about key physiological measurers and warns when readings are high or low.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
One idea was to show people naked pictures and then to measure their physiological responses to their partners.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 生理学的; 生理的
分布：生理学的(53%)，生理的(47%)
a.生理学的,生理学上的To understand this disease fully, we must examine not only its physiological aspects but also its psychological elements.
N-UNCOUNT
生理学
Physiology is the scientific study of how people's and animals' bodies function, and of how plants function.
例：...the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.诺贝尔医学和生理学奖
N-UNCOUNT
生理（机能）
The physiology of a human or animal's body or of a plant is the way that it functions.
例：...the physiology of respiration.呼吸生理
例：...insect physiology.昆虫的生理机能

Word: monastery
Front: monastery
[ˈmɒnəstri] (宝 8072/6031 -1)
Vocabulary: monastery
(once / 419 pages)
n
A monastery is the building where monks live while they’re practicing their religion. Some monasteries are occupied by hundreds of monks, and sometimes only one monk lives there all alone.
Christians have a church, Jews have a synagogue, and monks have a monastery, which serves not only as their holy place of worship, but also where they eat and sleep. You’ll use the world mostly when referring to monks, but there are some monasteries for Catholic nuns. The Greek word monastērion means “a place to live alone,” and monks and nuns go to a monastery to focus on their religion in isolation, away from the rest of the world.
WORD FAMILY
monastery: monasteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is one of three monasteries of the original branch of the scholarly, monastic order operating today.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
New Year's Eve night is spent in prayer vigil, a practice common in many monasteries and convents.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“The say they do not live in a closed monastery with walls,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 修道院，寺院; [复数]全体僧侣
分布：修道院(70%)，寺院(30%)
→来自希腊语monasterion,来自monos,单个的，独自的，词源同monk.-terion,表地点。即一个人住的地方，后用于指修道院，隐修院。
僧院(monast一个人住+ery)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
US ['mɑ:.nə.ster.i] noun countable
■a building in which monks live and worship 修道院；寺院；隐修院 Compare convent ; nunnery
n. 修道院；僧侣
 - monk, Grazie

Word: bakery
Front: bakery
[ˈbeɪkəri] (高 8076/11664 -1)
Vocabulary: bakery
(once / 3995 pages)
n
A bakery is a shop that sells bread and other baked goods. Your neighborhood bakery might specialize in frosted cupcakes.
Some bakeries are storefronts selling a selection of pies, cakes, breads, and cookies, while others are simply places where these items are made, to be sold in other shops. People who work in a bakery are bakers — their work involves mixing batter, kneading dough, and cooking baked goods in hot ovens. The earlier term was bakehouse, which was replaced in the US by bakery in the 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
bakery: bakeries+/ bake: baked, baker, bakery, bakes, baking/ baker: bakers/baking: bakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday mornings, the bakery is an anchor of the popular street market that sets up along the boulevard.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Over the summer, the younger son, Jesus, 22, got a part-time job at a Zaro’s Bakery in Manhattan’s financial district.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Other shops stay open, like the bakery in Cumaná where a line of 100 people snaked around a corner.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
Back: n. 面包房，面包店; 烘烤食品（面包、糕点等的总称）
分布：面包店(97%)，面包厂(3%)
US [-kɚ.i] noun countable
■a place where bread and cakes are made and sometimes sold 面包房
n. [食品] 面包店
 - tommy-shop

Word: hesitation
Front: hesitation
[ˌhezɪ'teɪʃn] (8082/6885 -1)
Vocabulary: hesitation
(once / 352 pages)
n
A hesitation is a pause. If your friend asks you, "Do you like my new haircut?" you'd better make sure there's not a second's hesitation before you answer, "Yes, of course!"
Hesitation happens when you feel uncertainty or doubt. It can be a pause in speech, a faltering moment before you act, or a silent second of indecision. If your friend's dog is growling and staring you down, but she tells you he won't bite, that feeling that something not feeling right that stops you from petting him is hesitation. The Latin root of hesitation is haesitationem, which means irresolution or uncertainty.
WORD FAMILY
hesitation: hesitations+/ hesitate: hesitated, hesitater, hesitates, hesitating, hesitation, hesitator/hesitater: hesitaters/hesitating: hesitatingly, unhesitating/hesitator: hesitators/unhesitating: unhesitatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many factors explained its hesitation to raise rates, including unease over the global impact of China’s economic slowdown and uncertainty surrounding the U.S. election.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On the other hand, there was no hesitation about last week’s most famous guest: hip-hop artist Kanye West.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Asked whether he regrets not getting the chance to step foot on the field in Pasadena, he answers without hesitation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 犹豫; 踌躇; 含糊; 口吃
分布：犹豫(92%)，踌躇(8%)
踌躇,犹豫(hesitate+ion)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when you pause before doing something, especially because you are nervous or not certain （由指因紧张或不确定而产生的）犹豫，踌躇
• After a slight hesitation, she began to speak. 稍微犹豫了一下后，她开始讲话。
• Any hesitation on the part of the government will be seen as weakness. 政府的任何一丝犹豫都会被视作是软弱的表现。
• formal I have no hesitation in recommending Ms Shapur for the job. 我非常乐意推荐沙普尔女士担任这项工作。
n. 犹豫
 - vibration, swither

Word: headlight
Front: headlight
[ˈhedlaɪt] (8074/10508 -1)
Vocabulary: headlight
(once / 6538 pages)
n
If you’re driving a car at night, you’re using your car’s headlights to light up the road in front of you. Headlights are the eyes of a car or train, beaming light to help you see what is ahead.
The headlight is an important part of an automobile, and without it you could only drive at night where there are lots of street lights. On unlit roads, a deer might jump in front of your car and just stand there — staring into the light from your headlights. That’s where the expression “like a deer in headlights” comes from, and it means being really still after a shock, like you’re frozen in place.
WORD FAMILY
headlight: headlights
USAGE EXAMPLES
At 5:39 a.m., more than a dozen tow trucks, headlights on, paraded down Colorado, horns blaring.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s absurd how many cars and trucks are driving with only one functioning headlight.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As his father described it, he looked “like a deer in headlights.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （汽车等）的前灯; 照明灯
分布：前灯(91%)，桅灯(9%)
noun countable usually plural (UK also headlamp)
■a large powerful light at the front of a vehicle, usually one of two （车辆的）头灯，前灯
• I could see a car's headlights coming towards me. 我看见一辆车的车头灯离我越来越近。
• It was foggy, and all the cars had their headlights on. 天气雾蒙蒙的，所有的车都开着前灯。
• Dip your headlights (= Make them shine downwards) when you see another car coming towards you. 当看见迎面有另一辆车向你驶来时，你要把前灯调成近光。
Compare sidelight
['hed.laɪt] noun countable usually plural (UK also headlamp)
be like a deer / rabbit caught in the headlights
■to be so frightened or surprised that you cannot move or think 吓傻了，惊呆了
• Each time they asked him a question he was like a deer caught in the headlights. 每次他们问他问题时，他都一副吓傻了的样子。

Word: consortium
Front: consortium
[kənˈsɔ:tiəm] (托 8081/6238 -2)
Vocabulary: consortium
(once / 3445 pages)
n
Consortium is a fancy word for a group you form for an enterprise beyond what any one member could do alone. All the grocery stores in your neighborhood might form a consortium for the promotion of local strawberries.
Consortium comes from the verb consort, which means "to accompany or associate." Consortium used to mean "fellowship, participation, society," but these days you're more likely to hear consortium for an association of different institutions like schools or companies than, say, a consortium of philosophical frog lovers. Still, consortiums usually preserve the ideals of fellowship, with every member institution chipping in to reach a common goal.
WORD FAMILY
consortium: consortia, consortiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
The largest agency consortium in America says travel will remain affordable next year.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The legislation creates a grants program for which companies, nonprofit organizations, and academic-industry consortia would be eligible as well as universities.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Israel re-created a mural of local flora and fauna that he showed at the Consortium in Dijon, France, in 2013.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 财团; 组合，共同体; [法]配偶的地位和权利; <美>大学联盟协定
分布：财团(78%)，联合(21%)，合伙(1%)
→con-, 强调。-sort, 种类，类型，词源同series, sort. 即同类型的，形成团体的。
US [-'sɔ:r.tˌi-] (plural consortiums or consortia)
noun countable
■an organization of several businesses or banks joining together as a group for a shared purpose （数家公司或银行联合组成的）联营企业；财团；银团
• a consortium of textile manufacturers 纺织企业联合集团
n. 财团； [生物] 联合；合伙
 - alliance, partnership, combined with, combination, unity, union, association

Word: apron
Front: apron
[ˈeɪprən] (高宝 8084/8011 -1)
Vocabulary: apron
(once / 618 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
An apron is something you wear over your clothes to protect them from the mess you make while you're cooking. Some aprons tie around your waist, while others cover your entire torso.
Bakers, chefs, and butchers often wear aprons to keep their clothing clean. It was once common for maids, waitresses, and women cooking at home to wear aprons, while today both men and women wear them. You can also use the word apron to describe the area where a plane is stored or refueled, or the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain. The Old French root is naperon, "small table cloth."
WORD FAMILY
apron: aprons
USAGE EXAMPLES
She’s also intrigued by the WWI dress, the “Hoover apron.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The ferry then pulled away prematurely from the dock, damaging the apron.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Another ad on a company website features a white woman wearing pearls and an apron.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 围裙; [航] 停机坪; [机]（防护）挡板; 舞台口
vt. 用围裙围住; 围绕
分布：围裙(77%)，停机坪(17%)，台口(5%)，遮挡板(1%)
→来自短语a napron 错分为an apron. 古英语napron, 布，同map, mop.
【记】读：April（n 四月）天气热了，改穿裙子了。
noun countable
CLOTHING 衣服
■a piece of clothing that you wear over the front of other clothes to keep the clothes clean while you are doing something dirty, such as cooking or cleaning in the house 围裙
['eɪ.prən] noun countable
AIRPORT 机场
■the part of an airport in which aircraft are turned around or goods are put onto them 停机坪
['eɪ.prən] noun countable
THEATRE 剧院 (also apron stage)
■part of a stage in a theatre that is in front of the curtain （舞台）台口
n. [轻] 围裙； [航] 停机坪；舞台口
 - sarong, pinafore
vt. 着围裙于；围绕
 - enclose, enring

Word: thunder
Front: thunder
[ˈθʌndə(r)] (高研四六托雅 8090/6539 -2)
Vocabulary: thunder
(once / 159 pages)
1nv 2n
Thunder is the loud noise that comes right after lightning. It also can refer to a loud, booming sound, or mean to move heavily but quickly.
Thunder is made up of the rumbles and cracks accompanying lightning during a thunderstorm. You can also use this word for other loud noises, like the thunder of a loud rock band or your uncle's booming voice. A powerful singer can be said to thunder, singing in a way that's as noisy and impressive as a thunderstorm. Thunder can also be used for big, fast movements, like a tank thundering across a field or a truck thundering down the highway.
WORD FAMILY
thunder: thundered, thunderer, thundering, thunderous, thunders, thundery+/thunderer: thunderers/thundering: thunderingly/thunderous: thunderously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Westbrook led the Thunder with 30 points and six assists.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it is not as if the Rockets are superior to the Thunder simply because Harden is subtly winning the superstar matchup.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 雷声; 隆隆的响声
vi. 打雷
vt. & vi. 发出隆隆声; 轰隆隆地快速移动; 使快速移动; 怒喝
时态：thundered, thundering, thunders
分布：雷(67%)，雷声(25%)，打雷(6%)，大声喊出(1%)，轰隆地响(1%)
→来自古英语 thunor,雷电，雷声，雷神索尔，来自 Proto-Germanic*thunraz,打雷，来自 stene, 回响，打雷，可能为拟声词，词源同 astonish,Thursday.插入字母 d,可能是受 sound 影响。
n.雷(声);轰隆声v.打雷;大声说,吼叫The loud thunder gave me a fright.这声响雷吓了我一大跳.
US [-dɚ] noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the sudden loud noise which comes from the sky especially during a storm 雷，雷声
• a clap of thunder 一声雷响
• thunder and lightning 雷电
only singular
■a continuous loud noise 雷鸣般的响声，轰隆声
• I couldn't hear what he was saying over the thunder of the waterfall. 瀑布震天响，我听不清他说的话。
UK ['θʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
intransitive
■When it thunders, a loud noise comes from the sky 打雷
• The sky grew dark and it started to thunder. 天色变暗，开始打雷了。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move, making a lot of noise 轰隆隆地移动
• The train thundered past, shaking the whole house. 火车轰隆隆驶过，整座房子都晃动起来。
intransitive
■to shout angrily 怒吼
• [+ speech] "I never want to see you here again!" he thundered. “我再也不想在这里见到你！”他怒吼道。
n. [气象] 雷；轰隆声；恐吓
 - threat, intimidation
vi. 打雷；怒喝
 - fulminate
vt. 轰隆地发出；大声喊出
 - bark out, bellow out

Word: intern
Front: intern
[ɪnˈtɜ:n] (四宝 8079/21049 -1)
Vocabulary: intern
(once / 2188 pages)
1nv 2v
Somewhere between being a student and a professional is the life of an intern, an advanced student, especially in medicine, who gets on-the-job experience.
To intern or be an intern is to leave the classroom behind and start doing part of your profession — usually, the job of being a doctor. Sometimes an intern is paid, but not always, and the pay is never great. The experience is considered payment in itself. There have been many medical TV shows that feature interns, probably because the hours are long, the job is difficult, and there are many opportunities for drama in this boot camp for doctors. Medical interns may appreciate another meaning, which means to take away someone's freedom, as in "Why did you intern the prisoners?"
WORD FAMILY
intern: interned, internee, interning, internist, internment, interns, internship +/internee: internees/internist: internists/ internment: internments/ internship: internships
USAGE EXAMPLES
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"I didn't tell my parents, but I started interning with restaurants."
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Project ECHO’s long-distance training for physicians, their assistants and nurse practitioners mimics the mentoring that interns and residents receive at elite urban hospitals.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <美>住院实习医生; 拘禁（俘虏等）; 扣留（船只等）; 同“interne”，同“internee”
vt. 拘留，关押
时态：interned, interning, interns
分布：实习生(90%)，扣留(5%)，拘留犯(3%)，作实习生(2%)
→来自in的比较级，-ter,比较级后缀，-n,鼻音后缀。即更里面的，用于动词词义拘留，关押。intern 实习医生，实习学生
【记】inter中间，n（看成监狱和公司）－拘留犯；在公司中作实习生源于：internal（adj 内在的；内部的）－关在内部－拘禁；实习
【参】internship（n 实习医师；实习期）
US [-ˈtɜ˞ːn/
■to put someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war （尤指战时因政治或军事原因）拘禁，扣押，关押
• Many foreigners were interned for the duration of the war. 战争期间许多外国人被拘禁。
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tɜːn] US [-tɜ˞ːn]
MEDICAL 医疗的 US a houseman
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tɜːn] US [-tɜ˞ːn]
STUDENT 学生 mainly US someone who is finishing their training for a skilled job especially by getting practical experience of the work involved 实习人员，实习生
• She worked in the White House as an intern. 她在白宫做实习生。
n. 实习生，实习医师
 - trainee, probationer
vt. 拘留，软禁
 - hold, detain

Word: vow
Front: vow
[vaʊ] (六雅 5464/7697 -2)
Vocabulary: vow
(once / 205 pages)
nv
To vow is to make an earnest promise or pledge. People getting married often vow to stick together “till death do us part,” while a presidential candidate might vow to lower taxes.
You can use vow as both a noun and a verb: A vow is a solemn declaration; to vow is the act of making that promise. Vows are meant to be serious, sacred things, even vows made with the best intentions can be broken. Wrote American short-story writer and poet Dorothy Parker, “By the time you swear you are his, shivering and sighing, And he vows his passion is infinite and undying—Lady, make a note of this: One of you is lying.”
WORD FAMILY
vow: vowed, vower, vowing, vows+/vower: vowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than vague vows to get in shape, resolve to walk half an hour every day after dinner.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Although satisfied with the ruling, Chen vowed to continue legal challenges to force an apology.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
He vowed to return better, an approach teammates echoed after seeing their title hopes slip away.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 誓言; 郑重宣布
vt. & vi. 起誓，发誓; 郑重宣告
时态：vowed, vowing, vows
分布：发誓(85%)，誓约(15%)
→来自拉丁语votum,承诺，对神发誓，来自wegwh,庄严的说，词源同voice,vote.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to make a determined decision or promise to do something 发誓，立誓
• [+ (that)] The guerillas vowed (that) they would overthrow the government. 游击队发誓要推翻政府。
• [+ to infinitive] After the awful meals we had last Christmas, I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 自从去年圣诞节我们吃过几顿糟糕的饭之后，我就发誓要自己常做饭。
[vaʊ] noun countable
■a serious promise or decision 誓言；誓约
• [+ to infinitive] She took/made a vow never to lend money to anyone again. 她发誓再也不借钱给别人了。
pledge, oath, vow
这组词都有“誓言”的意思，其区别是：
pledge: 普通用词，指保证去做或不做某事的郑重许诺。
oath: 指对上帝或神发出的庄严、正式的誓言以示自己话语的真实性。现多用于法庭上。
vow: 指庄严的许诺或誓约。
n. 发誓；誓言；许愿
 - oath, pledge
vt. 发誓；郑重宣告
 - plight one's troth, cross my heart
vi. 发誓；郑重宣告
 - plight one's troth, cross my heart

Word: nostalgia
Front: nostalgia
[nɒˈstældʒə] (托雅宝 8085/8683 -1)
Vocabulary: nostalgia
(once / 3791 pages)
n
Think of the noun, nostalgia, when you long for the good old days of the past.
The noun nostalgia was invented by a Swiss doctor in the late 1600s. He put together the Greek nostos "homecoming" and algos "pain, distress" as a literal translation of the German Heimweh "homesickness." Originally, it was a medical diagnosis for mercenary soldiers. Today, it describes a bittersweet longing for the past. Think of the dreamy way your grandpa tells stories of his childhood — he's got nostalgia.
WORD FAMILY
nostalgia: nostalgias+/ nostalgic: nostalgia, nostalgically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mills met this swift rebuttal of his nostalgia with a game smile.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The appeal of the outdoor game lies in the sport's roots, anchored by romantic nostalgia and wintery charm.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Perhaps what this tour does best is amp up this kind of nostalgia.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 对往事的怀恋; 怀旧; 乡愁; 怀乡病
分布：乡愁(56%)，怀旧之情(37%)，向往过去(7%)
→来自希腊语nostos,回家，家乡，来自nes,我们，词源同nostrum,our,us.引申词义我们的家，家园，-algia,疾痛，痛苦，词源同neuralgia,myalgia.引申词义思乡，怀旧。
思乡病(nost家+alg+ia→想家)[alg=pain,表示"痛"]
思乡情(病)(nost+alg病+ia病→想家就痛的病→思乡病)[nost=home,表示"家"]
【记】nost家，alg痛，ia一想家就痛的病
【参】nostrum（n 祖传秘方）
US [nɑ:'stæl-] noun uncountable
■a feeling of pleasure and sometimes slight sadness at the same time as you think about things that happened in the past 对往事的怀念，怀旧，念旧
• Some people feel nostalgia for their schooldays. 有些人对自己的学生时代充满了怀旧之情。
• Hearing that tune again filled him with nostalgia. 再次听到那首曲子让他心中充满对往事的怀念。
• a wave (= sudden strong feeling) of nostalgia 一阵强烈的怀旧感
n. 乡愁；怀旧之情；怀乡病
 - homesickness

Word: independent
Front: independent
[ˌɪndɪˈpendənt] (高研四六托 1265/1013 -K5)
Vocabulary: independent
(once / 82 pages)
1adjn 2adj
If your brother says you broke his guitar and you say you weren't anywhere near it, your parents may ask your sister for an independent opinion, as she has no reason to lie. An independent person is free from the control or influence of other people.
The root word, depend, originally meant "to hang down." We use the word hang in a similar way. If the decision to build a new stadium hangs on funding, the decision won't be made till the money comes in. To be independent means that you don't depend on your parents to pay your bills. Or, for a three year old, it may mean going to the bathroom "all by yourself." It's all relative.
WORD FAMILY
independent: independence, independency, independently, independents+/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependency: dependencies/ dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent / independence: independences/independency: independencies/interdepend: interdependent / interdependence: interdependences/interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another “cadet,” Sergey Smirnov, an independent businessman and blogger from the Ural Mountains city of Chelyabinsk, expressed even less interest in politics.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
He subsequently started an independent insurance business and sells insurance today.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I think we created something new, something of a twist on horror movies on the independent scale that we haven’t seen yet.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 自主的; 不相关连的; 无党派的; 不相干的人所做的（或提供的）
n. 独立自主的人; 无党派人士
分布：独立的(90%)，自主的(6%)，无党派者(1%)，无偏见的(1%)，独立派人士(1%)，独自的(1%)
→in-,不，非，dependence,依靠。即不依靠的，独立的。
独立的(in不+dependent依靠的)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
a.(of)独立的,自主的The dependent dependant can't live independently.依靠别人的被赡养者不能独立生活.
adjective
NOT INFLUENCED 不受影响的
 ESSENTIAL
■not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events or things 独立的
• an independent enquiry / organization 独立调查／机构
• They all made the same comment, quite independent of each other (= without deciding together to do so). 他们都不约而同作出了相同的评论。
■describes a politician who does not agree or vote with any particular political party （从政者）无党派的
■specialized
■describes a grammatical clause which forms part of a sentence but can also form a separate sentence （分句）独立的
[ˌɪn.dɪ'pen.dənt] adjective
NOT RULED 不受统治的
 ADVANCED
■An independent country is not governed or ruled by another country （国家）独立的
• Belize became fully independent from Britain in 1981. 贝里斯于1981年脱离英国完全独立。
• Tibet, once an independent country, is now part of China. 西藏曾经是一个独立国家，现在却是中国的一部分。
[ˌɪn.dɪ'pen.dənt] adjective
NOT HELPED 无帮助的
 ADVANCED
■not taking help or money from other people 自立的，独立的
• Grandma's very independent and does all her own shopping and cooking. 祖母非常独立，购物做饭全是自己做。
• I've always been financially independent. 在经济上我一直自食其力。
independent, dependent
independent: 不依靠的，独立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
dependent: 依赖的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.
adj. 独立的；单独的；无党派的；不受约束的
 - alone, free, isolated, separate, specialty

Word: preclude
Front: preclude
[prɪˈklu:d] (研六托宝 8092/7006 -1)
Vocabulary: preclude
(once / 1742 pages)
v
To preclude something is to prevent it from happening. A muzzle precludes a dog from biting.
This is a very formal word, but it has a simple meaning: when something is precluded, it can't happen. See the prefix pre in preclude and in prevent? It is signaling that these words are all about things done before another action would happen — to make it impossible. Staying away from water precludes the possibility of drowning, though it also precludes any chance of having fun swimming.
WORD FAMILY
preclude: precluded, precludes, precluding, preclusion, preclusive
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the past year, he worked five months for a technology firm though his background precluded him from a permanent job.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But it may be kind of a don’t ask, don’t tell policy, which would preclude people from just wearing it for the world to see.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Moving the embassy there would not preclude a Palestinian capital on the city’s predominately Arab eastern side.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 阻止; 排除; 妨碍
时态：precluded, precluding, precludes
分布：排除(71%)，阻止(29%)
→pre-,在前，-clud,关闭，词源同close,conclude.
妨碍;阻止(pre+clude关闭→提前关闭→阻止)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
预防;杜绝(pre预先+clude→预先关好→预防)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
v.排除,阻止,妨碍This measure may preclude the exclusive agency from selling crucial crude oil.这个措施可以使专有的代理不能出售决定性的原油.
【记】pre前，clude＝close关闭－提前关掉门－预防小偷
【参】occlude（v 使堵塞）；exclude（v 排除）
【反】to make possible（使可能）；enclose（vt 放入封套）
US [prə-] formal
verb transitive
■to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something 排除，防止，杜绝；阻碍
• His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company. 合约中禁止他与公司外的人谈论工作。
• The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time. 这次应征失败并不妨碍你下次再来应征。
preclude, discard, abandon, eliminate, abolish, dismiss
preclude: 排除
discard: 丢弃，抛弃（可指人也可指物）
abandon: 放弃（某物）
eliminate: 消除，淘汰
abolish: （依法）废除
dismiss: 解雇
vt. 排除；妨碍；阻止
 - eliminate, dispute, let, stem, block

Word: litter
Front: litter
[ˈlɪtə(r)] (中高研六托雅宝 8093/6500 -2)
Vocabulary: litter
(once / 584 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
If everyone decided to litter, or drop trash on the ground, the world would be covered in garbage. Litter doesn't always have to be trashy though. When a cat has kittens, they are born as a litter.
Don't be confused when you go to England and see the word litter written all over garbage cans. That's just the Brits' way of saying trash. The word litter comes from the Old French litiere meaning "bed." Animals like dogs or cats have their offspring all in one birth, or on the same bed, making what we call a litter, or group of babies.
WORD FAMILY
litter: littered, litterer, littering, litters+/littered: unlittered/litterer: litterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nationwide, sales of kitty litter approached $2.9 billion last year.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Steady demand for kitty litter helped Wyo-Ben and other bentonite miners through the downturn.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In 1993, the city beefed up security patrols in City Hall and other buildings to cut down on the litter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 杂物，垃圾; （一窝）幼崽; 褥草; 轿，担架
vt. & vi. 使杂乱; 乱丢杂物; 乱扔; 使饱含
时态：littered, littering, litters
→来自拉丁语lectus,床，沙发，来自legh,躺，词源同lie.其原义为床，折叠床，担架，轿子，后来指铺床的草垫，草，猫窝，一窝猫崽，现在用于词义杂草，杂物，垃圾。拼写比较latte,lettuce.
n.垃圾,(杂乱的)废物v.使杂乱,乱丢No litter, please.请勿乱丢垃圾.
【记】litter做动词是随便乱丢的意思，引申为垃圾。
US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ] noun
RUBBISH 垃圾
uncountable
■small pieces of rubbish that have been left lying on the ground in public places （散落在公共场所的）小块垃圾，废弃物
• About 2% of fast-food packaging ends up as litter. 约有2%的速食包装会被人当作垃圾随手扔掉。
UK ['lɪt.ər] US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ] noun
BABY ANIMALS 幼崽
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of animals that are born at the same time and have the same mother 一窝幼崽
• a litter of kittens 一窝小猫
UK ['lɪt.ər] US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ] noun
BED 床
uncountable
■dried grass or plant stems used by animals as a bed （动物睡觉用的）褥草，草垫
UK ['lɪt.ər] US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ] noun
ANIMAL TOILET 动物厕所
uncountable
■a substance that is put in a container to be used as a toilet by pets （供宠物便溺的）猫沙
• cat/pet litter 猫沙
UK ['lɪt.ər] US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ] verb
transitive
■to spread across an area or place untidily 四处乱扔，到处乱丢
• The park was littered with bottles and cans after the concert. 音乐会结束后，公园里到处都是被人丢弃的瓶瓶罐罐。
• Dirty clothes littered the floor of her bedroom. 她的睡房地板上到处都是脏衣服。
be littered with sth
■A place, document or other object that is littered with something, has or contains a lot of that thing 布满，到处都是
• The newspaper has a reputation for being littered with spelling mistakes. 该报错字连篇，尽人皆知。
intransitive
■to drop rubbish on the ground in a public place 在公共场所乱扔垃圾
• People who litter often have no pride in the area. 经常随地乱扔垃圾的人没有地区荣誉感。
waste, debris, rubbish, litter, garbage, junk
这组词都有“废物，垃圾”的意思，其区别是：
waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
n. 垃圾；轿，担架；一窝（动物的幼崽）；凌乱
 - refuse, garbage, junk, rubbish, trash
vi. 产仔；乱扔废弃物
 - give birth

Word: divorced
Front: divorced
[dɪˈvɔ:st] (8080/13971 -K)
Back: adj. 离婚的; 分开的; 不相干的; 脱离的
v. 与…离婚(divorce的过去式和过去分词); 分离; 与某人离婚，判某人离婚
分布：离婚的(92%)，不受影响的(4%)，动词divorce的过去式与过去分词.(4%)
US [-'vɔ:rst] adjective
PEOPLE 人
 IMPROVER
■married in the past but not now married 离婚的，离异的
• She's divorced. 她离婚了。
• They got divorced after only six months of marriage. 他们结婚六个月就离婚了。
UK [dɪ'vɔ:st] US [-'vɔ:rst] adjective
SUBJECTS 主题
■not based on or affected by something 分离的，脱离的
• Sometimes politicians seem to be divorced from reality. 有时候政治家似乎有些脱离现实。

Word: exquisite
Front: exquisite
[ɪkˈskwɪzɪt] (研六托雅宝 8096/8931 -2)
Vocabulary: exquisite
(once / 235 pages)
adj
Use exquisite to mean finely or delicately made or done. When you say someone has exquisite taste, you mean that they are able to make fine distinctions.
Exquisite describes something that is lovely, beautiful, or excellent. Exquisite pain or agony is very sharp and intense. Exquisite is from Middle English exquisit, from Latin exquisitus, from exquirere "to search out."
WORD FAMILY
exquisite: exquisitely, exquisiteness, exquisitest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Giroud then completed the counterattack in an exquisite manner in the 18th minute.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I discovered some hidden gems — exquisite, moving, challenging novels that never quite achieved liftoff in terms of reader attention and critical acclaim.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Altura, a little oasis on Seattle’s busy Broadway, is pretty exquisite.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 精致的; 细腻的; 优美的; 剧烈的
n. 过分讲究穿戴的人
分布：精致的(72%)，细腻的(15%)，强烈的(9%)，过分在意外表着装的人(3%)，精挑细选的(1%)
→ex-, 向外，此处表强调。-quis, 要求，探寻，词源同inquiry, question. 引申义反复要求的，精益求精的。
精美的,精致的(ex出+quis寻求+ite)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
a.优美的,高雅的,精致的;剧烈的,异常的He has exquisite manners.他有高尚的举止.
【记】ex出，quisite要求，寻找－按要求做出，寻求每一处的精细－精致的；完美的
【参】requisite（adj 需要的；n 必需品）；inquisitive（adj 好奇的；好问的）
【反】tawdry（adj 俗丽的；非常华丽的）
adjective
BEAUTIFUL 美丽的
■very beautiful; delicate 精美的；精致的；优雅的
• an exquisite piece of china 一件精致的瓷器
• Look at this exquisite painting 看看这幅精美的油画。
• She has exquisite taste. 她品味高雅。
[ɪk'skwɪz.ɪt] adjective
SHARP 强烈的 literary
■describes feelings such as pleasure or pain that are extremely strong, or qualities that are extremely good; great （感觉）剧烈的，强烈的；（品质）完美的，卓越的
• exquisite joy 狂喜
• The pain was quite exquisite. 疼痛得剧烈难忍。
• a vase of exquisite workmanship 做工精细的花瓶
• A good comedian needs to have an exquisite sense of timing. 优秀的喜剧演员要善于把握时机。
adj. 精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；剧烈的
 - elegant, severe, novel, sophisticated, pretty

Word: waterfall
Front: waterfall
[ˈwɔ:təfɔ:l] (研四六雅 8091/8035 -1)
Back: n. 瀑布; 瀑布似的东西; <美俚>（披垂的）波型长发
分布：瀑布(100%)
n.瀑布The waterproof material is suitable for the aerial used near the waterfall.这种耐水材料适合用在瀑布附近的天线.
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ.fɑ:l] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■water, especially from a river or stream, dropping from a higher to a lower point, sometimes from a great height 瀑布
n. [水文] 瀑布；瀑布似的东西
 - fall, chute

Word: initiation
Front: initiation
[ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn] (8102/9818 -1)
Vocabulary: initiation
(once / 2265 pages)
1n 2n
The initiation of something is the beginning. It's what sets events in motion, gets the party underway, or kicks off a new program.
An initiation can also be an introduction into something, formally or informally. You might undergo an initiation ceremony when you join the Girl Scouts for the first time, or have a rude initiation into the world of traffic law when you get your first speeding ticket. But beware of the initiation rituals for college frats — you could find yourself swallowing a live goldfish or streaking across campus in your tighty-whiteys.
WORD FAMILY
initiation: initiations+/ initiate: initiated, initiates, initiating, initiation, initiative, initiator, initiatory, uninitiate/initiated: uninitiated/ initiative: initiatives/ initiator: initiators/uninitiate: uninitiates
USAGE EXAMPLES
The annual dress up day is a tradition for rookies in an initiation practice called "hazing".
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
They’ve also heard rumors that Joseph was killed as part of a gang initiation.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
"We have big parties for the initiations where we dance and sing, and feel good."
BBC(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 开始; 启蒙; 入会仪式
分布：开始(58%)，启蒙(23%)，入会(19%)
→来自initiate,开始，启动。
noun
START 开始
uncountable formal
■when something starts 开始；发起；实施
• Lawyers for the couple have announced the initiation of divorce proceedings. 夫妇双方的律师已声明进入离婚诉讼程式。
[ɪˌnɪʃ.i'eɪ.ʃən] noun
INTRODUCTION 入门
countable or uncountable
■when someone is first introduced to an activity or skill （某项活动或技能的）入门，初学
• My initiation into the mysteries of home brewing was not a success. 我初学自家酿酒并不成功。
commencement, origin, founding, initiation
commencement: 学位颁授典礼
origin: 起点，开端，来源，作复数时指血统，背景，出身
founding: 弃儿
initiation: 开始，发起，initiation of sth
n. 启蒙，传授；开始；入会
 - threshold, conception, beginning, opening, fresh

Word: sniper
Front: sniper
[ˈsnaɪpə(r)] (8073/16786 -1)
Back: n. 狙击手; 狙击兵
分布：狙击手(90%)，狙击兵(10%)
→snipe,狙击，伏击，-er,人。sniper 狙击手
US [-pɚ] noun countable
SHOOT 射击
■someone who shoots at people from a place where they cannot be seen 狙击手
• He was shot and fatally injured by a sniper. 他被一名狙击手击中，身受重伤。
• Sniper fire has claimed countless lives these past few weeks. 这几个星期以来，无数人在狙击手的枪口下丧命。
UK ['snaɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
BUYER 买家
■someone who waits until nearly the end of an auction (= public competition to buy goods) on a website before saying how much money they will offer, in order to be more successful than other people trying to buy the same thing （网上竞拍购物的）最后出价的人
n. 狙击兵
 - yager, bersagliere

Word: automated
Front: automated
['ɔ:təʊmeɪtɪd] (托 8095/10454)
Vocabulary: automated
(once / 6424 pages)
adj
Something that's automated is controlled by a machine rather than a person. You probably get cash from an automated teller machine, which is sometimes more convenient than going to the bank.
Automated comes from the Greek word automatos, meaning “acting of oneself.” Something that is automated can just do what it's meant to do without having a person around to run it. Automated also can be used more figuratively to describe something that seems like it's produced by a machine, like the speeches your principal gives every year on the first day of school.
WORD FAMILY
automate: automated, automates, automating, automation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the highly automated fulfillment centers that focus on handling relatively small items employ more than 3,000 people, according to the company.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Elsewhere, scientists toil with petri dishes and automated pipettes to test new strains.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Rescue personnel arrived soon after with an automated external defibrillator.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 自动化的
v. 自动化(automate的过去分词); 自动操
分布：自动化的(97%)，动词automate的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
ADJ-GRADED
自动化的
An automated factory, office, or industrial process uses machines to do the work instead of people.
例：The equipment was made on highly automated production lines.该设备是在高度自动化的生产线上制造的。
adj. [自] 自动化的；机械化的
 - mechanized, push-button

Word: dear
Front: dear
[dɪə(r)] (中高 3337/2167 -K3)
Vocabulary: dear
(once / 21 pages)
nadjadv
If someone or something is dear to you, it means you hold them or it very close to your heart, as in "My country is very dear to me" or "She is a dear friend."
As a written form of address — such as "Dear Mr. So-and-so" — dear is generally a polite but impersonal standard greeting. Dear can sometimes mean expensive, as in "The cost of food is so dear these days," though that's a rather dated usage nowadays. Used about children, baby animals, or other examples of insufferable cuteness, dear can also mean "sweet" or "adorable." In this sense, dear is a favorite word of grandmothers and other doting relations.
WORD FAMILY
dear: dearer, dearly, dearness, dears, endear +/dearness: dearnesses/ endear: endeared, endearing, endearment, endears/ endearing: endearingly/ endearment: endearments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reagan and his “dear friend, Margaret” agreed on practically everything.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Which is to say that if you’re in the mood for uplift, dear readers, try a forklift.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The Russian diplomats returning home will spend the New Year Holidays with their relatives and dear ones,” Putin said.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 亲爱的; 敬爱的; 昂贵的; 严厉的
n. 亲爱的人; 宠物
int. 哎
adv. 高价地; 疼爱地; 贵
级别：dearer, dearest
分布：亲爱的(82%)，昂贵的(5%)，亲爱的人(5%)，高价地(3%)，可爱的人(2%)，啊(2%)，宝贵的(1%)
→.来自古英语deore,珍贵的，昂贵的。引申义亲爱的，珍重的。比较汉语成语物以稀为贵。
a.昂贵的;亲爱的;珍贵的int.呵!哎呀!Next year the bearded bear will bear a dear baby in the rear.明年,长胡子的熊将在后方产一头可爱的小崽.
US [dɪr] adjective
LOVED 亲爱的
 ESSENTIAL
■loved or liked very much 亲爱的，心爱的；可爱的
• She was a very dear friend. 她是一位非常亲密的朋友。
• He was very dear to me. 他跟我非常亲近。
• This place is very dear to me - we came here on our honeymoon. 这个地方对我来讲非常亲切——我们曾到这里度过蜜月。
• What a dear (= very attractive) little kitten! 多么可爱的小猫啊！
• My dear Gina - how lovely to see you! 我亲爱的吉娜——见到你真是太好了！
 ESSENTIAL
■used at the beginning of a letter to greet the person you are writing to （用于信的开头作问候语）亲爱的，尊敬的
• Dear Kerry/Mum and Dad/Ms Smith/Sir 亲爱的克里／爸爸妈妈／史密斯女士／尊敬的先生
UK [dɪər] US [dɪr] adjective
EXPENSIVE 昂贵的
■costing too much; expensive 昂贵的，高价的
• The food was good but very dear. 这里的饭菜不错，就是太贵。
UK [dɪər] US [dɪr] adjective
for dear life
■If you do something for dear life, you do it with as much effort as possible, usually to avoid danger 尽全力，竭力
• As the ship began to tilt, we clung on for dear life. 当船开始倾斜的时候，我们竭力抓住船身。
UK [dɪər] US [dɪr] exclamation (also old-fashioned dearie) informal
■used in expressions of anger, disappointment, sadness or surprise 天哪（表示愤怒、失望、伤心、吃惊等）
• Oh dear! I've lost my keys again. 哦，天哪！我又把锁匙弄丢了。
• Dear me , it's already four-thirty and I said I'd be home by five! 天哪，已经四点半了，我说过我五点前要到家的！
• Dearie me , what a mess! 天哪，真是太乱了！
UK [dɪər] US [dɪr] noun
countable usually singular informal
■a kind person 善良的人，和善之人，好人
• Annie's such a dear - she's brought me breakfast in bed every morning this week. 安妮可真是个大好人——这周她每天早上都把早餐送到我的床边。
[as form of address]
■used to address someone you love or are being friendly to, not used between men 亲爱的（不用于男子之间）
• Here's your receipt, dear. 亲爱的，这是你的收据。
• Would you like a drink, dear? 亲爱的，你想喝一杯吗？
• Lovely to see you, my dear. 亲爱的，见到你真是太好了。
expensive, dear, costly
这组词都有“高的，昂贵的”的意思，其区别是：
expensive: 指物品的价格超过了它本身所值，或超过了购买者的支付能力。
dear: 侧重指要价过高，或远高于公道、合理的价格，其反义词是cheap。
costly: 指物品价格高，通常是因物品稀少或珍贵所致。
adj. 亲爱的；尊敬的；昂贵的
 - loving, expensive, rich, costly
int. 哎呀
 - oh, my, ohone
n. 亲爱的人
 - machree

Word: uneven
Front: uneven
[ʌnˈi:vn] (雅 8088/7005 -1)
Vocabulary: uneven
(once / 1235 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Uneven is the opposite of uniform and predictable. If the road is uneven, it's bumpy and rough, and you’ll have to dodge the potholes.
If your performance as Hamlet is uneven, your "To be or not to be" might be brilliant, but you mumble through "Get thee to a nunnery!" If the economic recovery is uneven, it's not the same in every sector — maybe manufacturing and exports are picking up steam but the housing market is still lagging. If your soccer team of skinny 12-year-olds is up against a team of beefy 16-year-old giants, it's an uneven match and likely to be ugly.
WORD FAMILY
uneven: unevenly, unevenness+/ even: evened, evener, evenest, eveningly, evenly, evenness, evens, uneven /unevenness: unevennesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
An uneven 109-98 victory over the lowly Suns in Staples Center would hardly classify as a “fix.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So, why does this fightin’ team produce such uneven results until it’s in a desperate situation?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It is always uneven, discontinuous, reversible, contradictory, producing winners and losers, no force of nature but manmade.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不平坦的，凹凸不平的; 不一律的，参差不齐的; 不势均力敌的; [数]奇数的
分布：不平坦的(43%)，不均匀的(41%)，奇数的(11%)，不规律的(5%)
adjective
NOT EVEN 不平的
 ADVANCED
■not level, equal, flat or continuous 不平整的；参差不齐的；不平等的；不平坦的；不连续的
• Take care when you walk on that path - the paving stones are rather uneven. 走那条路时要小心——铺路石很不平坦。
• There is an uneven distribution of wealth across the country from the north to the south. 全国的财富分配南北很不均衡。
• The contest was very uneven - the other team was far stronger than us. 比赛很不平等——对方参赛队的实力比我们强很多。
[ʌn'i:.vən] adjective
NOT GOOD 不好的
■different in quality; often used to avoid saying bad 品质不稳定的，时好时坏的（常用于委婉批评品质差）
• Your work has been rather uneven this term, Matthew. 马修，你的功课这学期很不稳定。
adj. 不均匀的；不平坦的； [数] 奇数的
 - odd, heterogeneous

Word: without
Front: without
[wɪˈðaʊt] (中高 218/188 -K5)
Back: adv. 在外部; 户外; 缺少; 没有或不显示某事物
prep. 没有，缺乏; 在外面
conj. 除非，如果不
分布：没有(66%)，无(28%)，在外面(3%)，除非(2%)，在缺乏的情况下(1%)
→with,和，与，out,在外面。
prep.无,没有n.外面,外部The witty witness withdraws his words within minutes without any reason.诙谐的证人在几分钟之内无故地收回了他说的话.
preposition adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■not having or doing something, or lacking something 没有；无；缺少
• I've come out without my umbrella. 我没有带伞就出来了。
• You look nice without make-up. 你不化妆显得挺可爱的。
• He went without my knowledge. 他没有让我知道就去了。
• I couldn't have done it without you. 没有你，我是无法完成的。
• She's strong without being bossy. 她强硬但不专横。
• Do start without me. 不用等我就可以开始。
• formal He's not without (= he does have some) qualities. 他还是有一些品德的。
• This is without a doubt (= certainly) the best Chinese food I've ever had. 这肯定是我吃过最好的中国菜。
• You shouldn't drive for more than three hours without taking a break. 你不该连续开车三个多小时而不休息。
• Without wishing to be rude (= I don't want to be rude, but) , don't you think you need a hair cut? 我不想无礼，可你不觉得你该去理发吗？
⇒ See also do without () at do;go without () at go
[wɪ'ðaʊt] preposition adverb
without (so much as) a backward glance
■If you leave without a backward glance, you are completely happy to leave and have no sad feelings about it 连头也不回地（表示非常愿意离开）
• She left the city where she had lived all her life without a backward glance. 她头也不回地离开了自己生活了一辈子的城市。
[wɪ'ðaʊt] preposition adverb
without so much as a by-your-leave old-fashioned
■without asking for anyone's permission, in a way that is rude 甚至连问也没有问一声就
prep. 没有；超过；在…外面
 - beyond, above, than
adv. 户外；在外面；没有或不显示某事物
 - outside, ectad
n. 外部；外面
 - outside, extraneousness

Word: infected
Front: infected
[ɪnˈfektɪd] (8099/9070 -K)
Vocabulary: infected
(once / 976 pages)
adj
When someone's infected, they've been exposed to an organism that causes a disease. It's too late for an infected person to get a flu vaccine — they already have the flu.
In some cases, bodies of water can be described as infected, or contaminated with bacteria that can make people sick. Infected food or water supplies can make entire cities fall ill. And a classroom full of infected toddlers means that their teachers and families will probably catch their colds. Infected, from the verb infect, is rooted in the Latin inficere, "to spoil or stain."
WORD FAMILY
infected: uninfected+/ disinfect: disinfectant, disinfected, disinfecting, disinfection, disinfects/disinfectant: disinfectants/ infect: disinfect, infected, infecting, infection, infective, infects, superinfect/ infection: infections, infectious, superinfection/ infectious: infectiously, noninfectious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike some of Trump’s other national security advisers, though, Kelly does not appear to be infected with bizarrely virulent anti-Muslim prejudice.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A picture of muddy children’s gloves reminds you of the utter squalor that infected the whole site.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The brain defect may occur when a mother is infected with Zika while pregnant.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. （伤口）被感染的
v. （受）传染( infect的过去式和过去分词 ); 污染; 影响
分布：被感染的(62%)，受污染的(32%)，动词infect的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■containing bacteria, dirt or other things that can cause disease 受感染的
• an infected wound/cut 受感染的伤口
• After the operation the wound became infected. 手术后伤口受到了感染。
[ɪn'fek.tɪd] adjective
COMPUTER 电脑
■An infected computer file contains a computer virus (= a program that can harm computers and their files). 感染电脑病毒的
v. 传染（infect的过去分词）
 - diseased

Word: accordance
Front: accordance
[əˈkɔ:dns] (研四六 8086/32964 -1)
Vocabulary: accordance
(once / 412 pages)
1n 2n
Accordance is agreement between people or consensus within a group. A lack of accordance between members of a political party can spell disaster for their presidential candidate.
Accordance comes from the Old French acorder, meaning "bring to an agreement." When two things are in accordance, they fit together harmoniously. You'll usually see accordance in the phrase "in accordance with," as when you command your kid brother, "act in accordance with my wishes, or face the consequences!" It's most often used to show that someone is following rules or regulations.
WORD FAMILY
accordance: accordances+/ accord: accordant, accorded, according, accords, disaccord/accordant: accordance, accordantly/ according: accordingly /disaccord: disaccording, disaccords
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, he added, they should be treated humanely, in accordance with international and domestic law.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In one study, researchers found that more than three-fourths of colonoscopes and gastroscopes were still contaminated after cleaning and disinfection in accordance with manufacturer guidelines.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The current policy is to house transgender juveniles on a case-by-case basis and not by anatomy alone, in accordance with federal standards.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 一致; 和谐; 给予
分布：符合(47%)，一致(41%)，给予(7%)，授予(5%)
n.一致,和谐,符合The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
US [-'kɔ:r-] formal
noun
in accordance with a rule/law/wish/etc.
■following or obeying a rule/law/wish/etc 依照规则／法律／意愿等
• In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France. 按照她的遗愿，人们把她安葬在法国。
n. 一致；和谐
 - unity, agreement, identity, consensus, keeping

Word: bodyguard
Front: bodyguard
[ˈbɒdigɑ:d] (宝 8100/12285 -2)
Back: n. 保镖; 卫士，警卫员
分布：保镖(95%)，保卫人员(4%)，警卫员(1%)
US ['bɑ:.di.gɑ:rd] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a person or group of people whose job is to protect someone from attack 保镖，警卫员；警卫队
• The prince is always accompanied by his bodyguards. 王子始终有保镖陪伴左右。
n. 保镖
 - triggerman, bouncer

Word: sic
Front: sic
[sɪk] (8109/10378)
Vocabulary: sic
(once / 1171 pages)
1adv 2v
When urging your dog to chase a thief, you might say, "Sic 'em, Fluffy!" When writing something that might look wrong, you add "[sic]" to indicate you know it's wrong.
When you’re writing a paper and you want to quote a source, but the source contains a misspelling or some other error, you use the word [sic] after the quote so that whoever reads your paper knows the mistake is in the original source, rather than in your own sloppy typing. It’s kind of a way of saying, “Yeah, I know this is wrong, but let’s just be clear — I didn't do it!”
WORD FAMILY
sic: sicced, siccing, sics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The killing shocked Toronto; several years later, in 2012, fighting between the gang’s descendants, the Sic Thugz, led to another weekend shootout.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Private security hired by the fossil fuel company building the pipeline, Energy Transfer Partners, also sicced dogs on the self-described water protectors.
Salon(Nov 03, 2016)
Michael Dean's "Sic Glyphs" combines works from two exhibitions consisting of sculptures made with corrugated metal.
Reuters(Sep 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 〈外〉原文如此
vt. （也作sick）猛烈攻击，进攻; 唆使
时态：sicked, sicking, sics
分布：原文如此(68%)，攻击(16%)，袭击(16%)
adverb
■a word written in brackets after a word that you have copied to show that you know it has been spelled or used wrongly 原文如此（置于括弧内，表示前面引用的文字原文有错误）
• The notice outside the cinema said 'Closed on Wedensday' (sic). 电影院外的布告上写着 Closed on Wednesday

Word: swap
Front: swap
[swɒp] (高 8106/5955 -2)
Vocabulary: swap
(once / 1147 pages)
vn
The word swap means you give something in exchange for something else. In the medieval ages, a farmer would swap — or exchange — his cow for his neighbor's horse.
First used in the 1590s to mean "exchange, barter, trade," as a noun swap can mean an equal exchange. You might do a clothes swap with one of your friends in the hopes of perking up your wardrobe. As a verb swap describes the act of exchanging something for something else. You might swap oil for applesauce when baking brownies to make this treat healthier. In computer science swap means you move a piece of a computer program into memory.
WORD FAMILY
swap: swapped, swapping, swaps, swops
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins is to swap two wheels for two skis after signing up to appear on Channel 4's winter sports show The Jump.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
This forces Republicans and Democrats to again swap positions on whether Comey is a courageous patriot or total scum.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The teams swapped leads throughout with the widest separation in the second half being three points.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 交换; 交换物，被掉换者
vi. 交换（工作）
vt. 用…替换，把…换成，掉换（过来）
时态：swapped, swapping, swaps
分布：交换(99%)，适合交换的东西(1%)
US [swɑ:p] verb intransitive or transitive (-pp-) (ALSO UK also swop (-pp-))
 IMPROVER
■to give something and be given something else instead; to exchange 交换，交易
• When you've finished reading your book, and I've finished mine, shall we swap? 我们看完各自的书之后，交换一下，好吗?
• We swapped addresses with the people we met on holiday. 我们与度假时认识的人交换了地址。
• When he got a job in a bank, he had to swap his jeans and T-shirt for a suit (= he had to wear formal clothes instead of informal ones). 他找到一份银行的工作后，就不得不脱下牛仔裤和T恤，因为他得穿得整齐一点。
• [+ two objects] I'll swap you my chocolate bar for your peanuts. 我拿我的巧克力跟你换花生。
• We spent the evening in the pub, swapping (= telling each other) stories/jokes. 我们整个晚上都泡在酒吧，轮流讲故事／笑话。
UK [swɒp] US [swɑ:p] noun countable (ALSO UK also swop)
■an exchange, or something that is going to be or has been exchanged 交换（物），交易（物）
• I thought Simon's food looked nicer than mine, so we did a swap. 我觉得西蒙的食物看起来比我的更可口，所以我们做了交换。
• This comic is a swap (= something that was exchanged) that I got from Nick. 这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。
n. [计] 交换；交换之物
 - exchange, reciprocation
vi. [计] 交换；交易
 - trade, traffic

Word: immerse
Front: immerse
[ɪˈmɜ:s] (研六托雅宝 8097/9644 -1)
Vocabulary: immerse
(once / 1120 pages)
v
If you immerse yourself in your work, you completely involve yourself in it, spending long hours in the office and thinking about work all the time.
Immerse can also mean to submerge in a liquid. A science experiment might tell you to immerse a piece of paper completely in water. If you are a swimmer immersed in a rigorous training regimen, you might be immersing yourself in the pool several times a day.
WORD FAMILY
immerse: immersed, immerses, immersing, immersion +/ immersion: immersions
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wanted to spend a night immersed in the arts.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Immersing myself in Perry’s outstanding novel was certainly one this year’s highlights.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
While others plan to explore national parks in the U.S. and Australia; bicycle through Germany; and immerse themselves in diverse cultures across Asia.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 浸没; 施浸礼; 沉迷…中，陷入
时态：immersed, immersing, immerses
分布：浸(94%)，陷入(6%)
→im-,进入，使，-mers,浸入，词源同emerge,submerse.
沉浸(in进+merse→沉进去→沉浸)[merg,mers=sink,表示"沉,没"]
v.使沉浸在;使浸没Test the immune function by immersed dispersion.用浸入扩散(法)测试免疫功能.
【记】im进入，merse＝merge浸入－浸入
US [-'mɝ:s] verb
[R]
■to become completely involved in something 使沉浸（在），使完全置身（于）
• She got some books out of the library and immersed her self in Jewish history and culture. 她从图书馆借了一些书，然后沉浸于犹太历史和文化之中。
transitive formal
■to put something or someone completely under the surface of a liquid 使浸没（于）
• The shells should be immersed in boiling water for two minutes. 贝类应在沸水中浸上两分钟。
dip, duck, submerge, plunge, immerse
这组词都有“沉浸，浸入”的意思，其区别是：
dip: 指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体，多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作。
duck: 指把头伸进水中，或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。
submerge: 指长时间的完全浸入、潜入，强调浸入液体深层。
plunge: 暗示迅速而有力的动作，但浸入不一定很深。
immerse: 侧重全部被液体所覆盖，也可用于比喻意义。
vt. 沉浸；使陷入
 - let sb in for, entrap

Word: coyote
Front: coyote
[kaɪˈəʊti] (8087/27861)
Vocabulary: coyote
(once / 1461 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A coyote is a wild dog that looks like a small wolf. Coyotes live in nearly every US state, and in most of Canada as well.
A coyote is a canine, a relative of the domesticated dog and the wolf. Coyotes are distinctive, different from wolves, because of their relatively small size, delicate paws, and large ears. The word coyote is Mexican Spanish, from an Aztec root, cóyotl, or "trickster." The scientific name of the coyote is Canis latrans, "barking dog" in Latin. Another informal meaning of coyote, used mainly in the US southwest and Mexico, is a smuggler of illegal immigrants.
WORD FAMILY
coyote: coyotes
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Navajo, he said, strives for hozho — balance — in a world where canyons, coyotes, the sky and turtles are considered equally alive.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But district officials said trapping one nuisance coyote may not solve the problem because other coyotes may still be attracted to the area.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Matt Mooney led the Coyotes with 22 points and five steals.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 郊狼（北美洲西部原野上的小狼）; 丛林狼，草原狼
分布：丛林狼(56%)，小狼(44%)
→来自南美土著语。
US [-'oʊ.tˌi] noun countable
■a small wild animal like a dog which lives in North America （北美）丛林狼，郊狼，土狼

Word: mustache
Front: mustache
[mə'stɑ:ʃ] (8105/-)
Vocabulary: mustache
(once / 1154 pages)
n
A mustache is hair that grows between a person's nose and mouth. Some mustaches are as thin as a pencil line, while others are bushy and full. Salvador Dali was known for his long, curled mustache.
If you're trying to grow a mustache, you might start by shaving all your facial hair except the strands that grow above your upper lip. When your mustache becomes luxuriant and ample, you can trim it with scissors and style it with mustache wax. The word mustache comes from the French moustache, which has a Greek root, mystax, "upper lip."
WORD FAMILY
mustache: mustaches
USAGE EXAMPLES
A kid got his McAdoo costume down perfectly, from the mustache to the menu of plays.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His ties are a tad wider and his mustache a tad longer than the fashion.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Did you find that with your mustache and the uniform?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 胡子; 髭; 须状物; （哺乳动物的）触须
分布：髭(50%)，小胡子(50%)
→来自意大利语mostaccio,来自希腊语mastax,嘴，颌，来自mendh,咀嚼，词源同mouth,masticate.引申词义胡子。
US ['mʌs.tæʃ] noun countable US for moustache
n. 胡子，髭
 - moustache

Word: consciously
Front: consciously
['kɒnʃəslɪ] (托 8107/7810)
Vocabulary: consciously
(once / 1460 pages)
adv
When you do something consciously. you do it on purpose, after thinking seriously about it. A kindergarten teacher might consciously choose a soothing book to calm his class down at story time.
If you do something instinctively or automatically, you're not consciously choosing to do it — it's just happening. On the other hand, if you consciously invite only friends who get along with each other to your party, you've done it in a thoughtful, intentional way. The adverb consciously comes from conscious, "aware and awake," from the Latin conscius, "knowing or aware," which has a Greek root, syneidos, "to know."
WORD FAMILY
conscious: consciously, consciousness, nonconscious, self-conscious, semiconscious, subconscious, unconscious +/ consciousness: consciousnesses/ self-conscious: self-consciously, self-consciousness/semiconscious: semiconsciously, semiconsciousness/ subconscious: subconsciouses, subconsciously, subconsciousness/ unconscious: unconsciously, unconsciousness/unconsciousness: unconsciousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the founders also consciously rejected some of the less appealing aspects of life at Apple, like its legendary secrecy and top-down management style.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As a child, I never remember thinking consciously about gender.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He is negligent of his old friends, rude, even dismissive, but he is not consciously or systematically cruel.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 有意识地; 自觉地
分布：有意识地(50%)，自觉地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
注意到的;意识到的
If you are conscious of something, you notice it or realize that it is happening.
例：He was conscious of the faint, musky aroma of after-shave...他注意到了须后水淡淡的麝香味。
例：She was very conscious of Max studying her...她非常清楚马克斯在仔细端详她。
ADJ-GRADED
(尤指由于不满或自觉重要而)注意的，关注的
If you are conscious of something, you think about it a lot, especially because you are unhappy about it or because you think it is important.
例：I'm very conscious of my weight...我很在意自己的体重。
例：He is acutely conscious that this transition will bring with it the risk of social unrest.他非常清楚这种转变伴随着社会动乱的危险。
ADJ
(决定、行动等)有意的，刻意的
A conscious decision or action is made or done deliberately with you giving your full attention to it.
例：I don't think we ever made a conscious decision to have a big family...我觉得我们没有刻意地决定要生很多孩子。
例：Make a conscious effort to relax your muscles.有意识地放松肌肉。
ADJ
清醒的;有知觉的
Someone who is conscious is awake rather than asleep or unconscious.
例：She was fully conscious all the time and knew what was going on.她一直都很清醒，知道是怎么回事。
ADJ
(记忆或想法)有意识的，意识到的
Conscious memories or thoughts are ones that you are aware of.
例：He had no conscious memory of his four-week stay in hospital...他对自己住院的4个星期没有任何有意识的记忆。
例：Beneath the conscious mind there are many levels of the unconscious.在意识心理之下存在很多层次的无意识。
adv. 自觉地；有意识地
 - self-consciously, purposefully

Word: thug
Front: thug
[θʌg] (8101/12235 -1)
Vocabulary: thug
(once / 3329 pages)
n
A thug is a bad guy or a bully, especially a violent one. A thug might break into someone's house, push its owners around, and steal their TV.
It's hard to reason with thugs, since they'd rather intimidate and physically hurt people than talk. A playground bully is one kind of thug, and an armed robber is an even more dangerous one. The noun thug may have its oldest roots in the Sanskrit word sthaga-s, "cunning or fraudulent," and it's definitely related to the Marathi and Hindi thag, "cheat or swindler." The earliest use of thug, from 1810, was "member of a murdering gang of robbers in India."
WORD FAMILY
thug: thuggery, thugs+/thuggery: thuggeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wearing thick winter coats, gloves and hats, they carried signs calling Trump a “fascist thug” and “Putin’s Poodle.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Many are accompanied by a photograph of a black man holding a cellphone and a handgun — a purported “anti-Trump thug.”
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
The fake news story at newsworldpaper.com labeled him a “thug” and included other falsehoods.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 暴徒，恶棍，凶手; 刺客
分布：暴徒(74%)，刺客(21%)，凶残的罪犯(5%)
→来自印度语 thag,小偷，骗子，引申词义罪犯，恶棍。
noun countable
■a man who acts violently, especially to commit a crime 恶棍；暴徒；罪犯
• Some thugs smashed his windows. 几个恶棍打碎了他的窗户。
n. 暴徒；恶棍；刺客
 - tough, mobbist

Word: fry
Front: fry
[fraɪ] (高研四六雅 7089/8929 -K3)
Vocabulary: fry
(once / 447 pages)
1v 2n
To fry food is to cook it in very hot oil until it's crispy. For breakfast, you could fry yourself an egg, and maybe fry some bacon to go with it.
You can stir fry vegetables and deep fry doughnuts — and you have to be careful on a hot summer day not to (figuratively) fry yourself in the sun. When fry is a noun, it's usually short for "French fry," but it also means youngster, or "small fry." This less common meaning comes from Scottish, possibly from the Old Norse root frjo, "offspring."
WORD FAMILY
fry: friable, fried, frier, fries, fryer, frying+/friable: friability/ fried: frieder, friedly/frier: friers/fries: frieses, friess/fryer: fryers/frying: fryings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our new friend invited us to share a lunch buffet of fried chicken, potato salad and sweets.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
She recalls visiting one avant garde gallery to discuss her work and as she left, the owner, Rose Fried, called her back.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
We also get the chili chicken, sautéed green vegetables and fried rice.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼苗，鱼秧; 弗赖伊（姓氏）; 油炸食物; （口语）烦恼，愤激
vi. 用油煎; 用油炸烤炒; 油炸
vt. 油炸; 油煎; （美俚）使被处电刑; 瓦解
时态：fried, frying, fries
分布：油炸(59%)，油煎(41%)
→来自拉丁语frigere, 烤，煎，来自bher, 燃烧，烤，煎，词源同burn, brew.fry 鱼苗
v.油煎,油炸The crying boy tries to fry the dry crystal.哭喊的男孩试图用油炸干晶体.
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to cook food in hot oil or fat 油炸；油煎；油炒
• Fry the mushrooms in a little butter. 用少许牛油煎一下蘑菇。
• informal figurative You'll fry (= burn) if you lie in the sun all day. 你如果整天躺在阳光下会晒伤的。
[fraɪ] plural noun
■young, small fish 小鱼；鱼苗
vt. 油炸；油煎
 - deep-fry, panbroil
vi. 油炸；油煎
 - deepfry

Word: plaza
Front: plaza
[ˈplɑ:zə] (托宝 7095/15676 -1)
Vocabulary: plaza
(once / 1379 pages)
n
A plaza is an urban park or square, or another public space where people can walk, sit, and congregate. You might, for example, tell your friend to meet you in the plaza downtown with the big horse statue.
There are plazas that are mainly open spaces for pedestrians, sometimes including statues, fountains, and benches, like Washington DC's Freedom Plaza or Union Square in New York. Other plazas are more commercial, offering room to stroll and sit but also stores and restaurants. In Spanish, plaza simply means "place," and the earliest plazas were built in Spanish colonies in South America and the East Indies.
WORD FAMILY
plaza: plazas
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, as usual, the firm invited alumni, including me, to its holiday party at the Plaza Hotel.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Shops like Ties, Shirts and More fill Beltway Plaza Mall, one of the area’s oldest shopping malls.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Both countries, Mexico and the United States, benefit from trade, from immigration,” Silvaja said as a band played in the plaza.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 市场，购物中心; 〈外〉（西班牙城镇的）广场
分布：广场(87%)，购物中心(10%)，市场(3%)
→来自西班牙语plaza,广场，来自拉丁语platea,庭院，开阔地，词源同place,plate.
【记】源于place（n 地方）
noun countable
■an open area or square in a town, especially in Spanish-speaking countries （尤指西班牙语国家城镇中的）露天广场
■a group of buildings including shops designed as a single development within a town （城市建筑群中的）购物区，购物中心
n. 广场；市场，购物中心
 - exchanges, square

Word: misunderstanding
Front: misunderstanding
[ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ] (8104/6869 -1)
Back: n. 误解; 误会; 不和
v. “misunderstand”的现在分词
分布：误解(70%)，误会(29%)，动词misunderstand的现在分词.(1%)
US [-dɚ-] noun
countable or uncountable
■when someone does not understand something correctly 误解；误会
• There must be some misunderstanding. I never asked for these chairs to be delivered. 一定是搞错了，我从来没有请人送这些椅子。
• His ridiculous comments showed a complete misunderstanding of the situation. 从他荒谬的评论可见他完全误解了形势。
countable informal
■a disagreement, argument or fight 争执；不和；打架
• often humorous "How did you get your black eye?" "Oh, I had a little misunderstanding with someone at the football match." “你眼睛怎么青了？”“哦，我在足球比赛时和人家起了点争执。”
n. 误解；误会；不和
 - mistake, misapprehension

Word: jealousy
Front: jealousy
[ˈdʒeləsi] (六托宝 8112/6674)
Vocabulary: jealousy
(once / 279 pages)
n
Jealousy is that unpleasant emotion you feel when you think someone’s trying to take what’s yours. Jealousy might creep up on you if someone flirts with your sweetie or copies your unique style.
Jealousy is called the "green-eyed monster" because it can make people obsessed with how they compare to others, always trying to beat their rivals by calling attention to what they have and seeing if the rivals have any reaction. Don't confuse jealousy with envy, which can sometimes be a slightly more positive emotion. If you envy your friend's athleticism, you wish you had it too, but you also admire her dedication.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
envy / jealousy
It's no fun to feel envy or jealousy because both make you feel inadequate. Envy is when you want what someone else has, but jealousy is when you're worried someone's trying to take what you have. If you want your neighbor's new convertible, you feel envy. If she takes your husband for a ride, you feel jealousy.
Envy requires two parties, like you and that neighbor, when you want her new car and you wish you were the one riding around with the top down. You feel envy when you want something someone else has:
Tall and lean, he is wearing blue jeans, tennis shoes, a dark blazer and red tie with hair every sports anchor would envy. (Chicago Tribune)
"There be many, Judith," said he, "who might envy you your health and good spirits." (William Black)
Jealousy requires three parties, like you, your neighbor, and your husband, when not only do you wish you had that cool car, but you're worried your husband is going to ride off into the sunset in it without you. Jealousy is exciting because it shows up in lovers' triangles and Shakespeare's plays:
In Shakespeare, Othello is doomed by jealousy, Lear by pride. (Slate)
The peasant, mad with jealousy, ended by driving an awl into his chest. (Fyodor Dostoyevsky)
Professional jealousy, tortured artist blues, Spinal Tap-ish excess and other clichés abound, but nobody seems to notice. (The Guardian)
You can feel envy about something you don't have but want, but you feel jealousy over something you already have but are afraid of losing, like that husband who's always hanging out next door.
WORD FAMILY
jealousy: jealousies+/ jealous: jealousest, jealously, jealousy, overjealous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The underpinnings are invisible to outsiders, who aren’t privy to the jealousy and passion and dependency and repressed desire that often hold sway.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
And the only reason your siblings care so deeply about your lodgings is probably jealousy that they can’t stay there too.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
As for Mr Oyelowo, his transformation from a regal, self-assured soldier into a bloodthirsty creature undone by jealousy must be seen to be believed.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 妒忌，猜忌; 戒备，小心提防
分布：妒忌(100%)
→来自jealous,羡慕的，妒忌的。
妒忌(jealous妒忌的)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of unhappiness and anger because someone has something or someone that you want 妒忌；嫉妒
• He broke his brother's new bike in a fit of jealousy. 他因一时妒忌弄坏了他哥哥的新自行车。
• She was consumed by/eaten up with jealousy (= She was very jealous) when she heard that he had been given a promotion. 听说他升职了，她妒忌得要命。
• The team has performed very badly this season due to petty jealousies (= feelings of jealousy about unimportant things) among the players. 因球员间为小事互相妒忌，这支球队本赛季表现很糟。
Compare envy
jealousy, envy
这组词都有“妒忌”的意思，其区别是：
jealousy: 强调对别人占有的东西恼恨不满。
envy: 侧重指因别人获得了自己本想获得的东西或成就而产生妒忌。
n. 嫉妒；猜忌；戒备
 - envy, green-eyed monster

Word: cadet
Front: cadet
[kəˈdet] (宝 8115/10288 -1)
Vocabulary: cadet
(once / 877 pages)
n
A cadet is a trainee enrolled in a military academy. You might also call a cadet a plebe, but doesn't cadet sound so much better?
The term cadet has many meanings: the first meaning referred to a younger male in a family. That might help you remember that a cadet is someone young: specifically, a student in a military academy. In the United States, cadets are trainees at military colleges. The cadets get a college education while also training to be officers in the armed forces. Being a cadet is a blend of traditional education and military training.
WORD FAMILY
cadet: cadets, cadetship+/cadetship: cadetships
USAGE EXAMPLES
It remains a popular choice among young West Point cadets nonetheless.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
To boost the small stipend he received for being a cadet in the U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
They alighted at the edge of the New York Military Academy where a young cadet was being hazed and crying.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 候补军官; 陆海军官学校的学员; 幼子，次子; 实习生
分布：培训生(37%)，次子(23%)，幼子(23%)，军官学员(17%)
→来自词根cap, 头。字母p脱落，插入字母d. 即小头领，未来的领导者。
【记】cad无赖，et小。军校学生是小无赖－因为出来后就是大无赖了，正所谓：警匪一家。（没有军校的考GRE吧？！）
noun countable
■a student in the armed forces or the police 军校学员；警校学员
n. 幼子，次子；实习生；军官学校学生
 - internship, trainee

Word: freeze
Front: freeze
[fri:z] (中高研四六 2807/3516 -K3)
Vocabulary: freeze
(once / 167 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v
When liquids freeze, they become so cold that they turn solid. The little squares of water in an ice tray freeze and become ice cubes when you put them in your freezer long enough.
Orange juice and grape drink freeze into popsicles, and puddles freeze overnight if the temperature drops enough. You can freeze things, too, as when you freeze leftovers to be reheated in a few days. People often tend to use this verb in an exaggerating way when they're feeling cold: "If you don't wear your gloves, your fingers will freeze!" The Old English root of freeze is freosan, "turn to ice."
WORD FAMILY
freeze: antifreeze, freezer, freezes, freezing, froze, frozen, unfreeze+/ antifreeze: antifreezes/ freezer: freezers/freezing: freezings/ frozen: frozenly, unfrozen/unfreeze: unfreezes, unfreezing, unfroze
USAGE EXAMPLES
Klopp, meanwhile, simply looked frozen through as he shivered on the touchline.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s not only wages that are stuck, frozen, immobile.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
There is also likely to be a struggle over what to do about tuition, with the university pushing for an increase after a four-year freeze.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使结冰，使冻僵; 冷藏; 吓呆; 冻结（存款，工资等）
vi. 凝固，结冰; 冻伤，冻死
n. 冻结; 严寒时期
时态：froze, frozen, freezing, freezes
分布：冻结(72%)，冷冻(22%)，凝固(3%)，严寒(2%)，僵硬(1%)
→来自preus, 冷，冰冻，发烧，词源同frost, prurient. 这种看似矛盾的词义比较calm，或感冒发烧，长冻疮等的病症。
v.使结冰,使凝固In the freezing breeze, the breeder greedily squeezed oil from the seeds.在冰冷的微风中,饲养员贪婪地从种子中榨油.
verb (froze, frozen)
COLD 冷
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■If you freeze something, you lower its temperature below 0°C, causing it to become cold and often hard, and if something freezes, its temperature goes below 0°C （使）冻结，（使）结冰
• Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C. 水在摄氏零度结冰。
• The ground had frozen hard/solid. 地面已经冻得硬邦邦的了。
• When the lake freezes (over) (= turns into ice on the surface) , we can go skating on it. 湖面结冰后，我们可以在上面滑冰。
• Our pipes froze (up) (= the water in them turned to ice) several times last winter. 去年冬天我们的水管冻了好几次。
• The weather forecast says that it is going to freeze tonight (= that the temperature will be at or below 0°C). 天气预报说今晚温度会至冰点或更低。
• Without a sleeping bag, you would freeze to death (= become so cold that you die) out there on the mountainside. 在山坡那里，没有睡袋你会被冻死。
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to preserve food by storing it at a very low temperature so that it becomes hard 冷冻保存（食物）
• I'll freeze any food that's left over. 我会把剩下的食物都冷冻起来。
• Most soups freeze (= can be preserved by being stored at a very low temperature) well. 大多数汤都可以冷冻保存。
[fri:z] verb (froze, frozen)
STOP WORKING 停止工作
intransitive US (also freeze up)
■If an engine or lock freezes, it stops working because its parts have become stuck and can no longer move （引擎或锁）卡住，堵塞
• My old bicycle was so rusty that the gears had frozen. 我的旧自行车锈得太厉害，齿轮都卡住不动了。
• If the lock has frozen up, try lubricating it with oil. 如果锁卡住了，上点油润滑一下试试。
[fri:z] verb (froze, frozen)
STOP MOVING 停止移动
intransitive
■If a person or animal that is moving freezes, it stops suddenly and becomes completely still, especially because of fear （尤指出于恐惧）僵住，呆住
• She saw someone outside the window and froze. 她看见窗外有人，一下就呆住了。
• "Freeze (= Don't move) or I'll shoot", screamed the gunman. “不许动，否则我就开枪了！”那个持枪者大喊道。
[fri:z] verb (froze, frozen)
MONEY/PROPERTY 资金／财产
transitive
■To freeze something such as pay or prices is to fix them at a particular level and not allow any increases 使（工资、物价等）固定不变，阻止…增长
• The Government has frozen pensions until the end of next year. 政府已决定在明年年底之前维持养老金水准不变。
transitive
■to officially and legally prevent money or property from being used or moved 冻结（资金或财产）
• When it was obvious the company was going bankrupt, the government ordered all their assets to be frozen. 当该公司很明显要破产倒闭时，政府下令冻结其全部资产。
[fri:z] verb (froze, frozen)
be cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey humorous
■to be very cold 冷得要命
[fri:z] verb (froze, frozen)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] freeze sb out
■to make someone feel that they are not part of a group by being unfriendly towards them, or to stop someone from being included in an arrangement or activity 排挤，排斥（某人）
• I felt I was being frozen out of/from the discussions. 我感觉他们在排挤我，不让我参加讨论。
• He believed that organizations like theirs were being frozen out. 他认为他们那一类的组织被排除在外了。
[fri:z] noun
COLD WEATHER 寒冷天气
only singular
■a period of extremely cold weather 严寒期，冰冻期
[fri:z] noun
STOP 停止
countable
■a temporary stopping of something （暂时的）冻结，停滞
• The Government has imposed a wage freeze/a freeze on wage increases. 政府暂时冻结了工资增长。
vi. [物] 冻结；冷冻；僵硬
 - rigidize
n. [物] 冻结；凝固
 - solidification, coagulation

Word: aura
Front: aura
[ˈɔ:rə] (托 8108/9899 -1)
Vocabulary: aura
(once / 3021 pages)
1n 2n
You know that intangible glow, that certain magical something that your mom gives off? Get your glasses fixed and you'll see the aura emanating from her head isn't her special powers — just your bad eyes.
You may have heard the noun aura used to describe the atmosphere surrounding something magical, like a fairy, or around a living being, like the calm vibes emanating from a meditating yogi. But did you know that it can refer to the sensation — one of coolness or bright light — that’s experienced before the onset of a seizure or migraine? Aura can also apply to the force that some people believe radiates from living organisms as an indicator of their unique essence.
WORD FAMILY
aura: aurae, auras
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s not the aura you want for a healthy-greens company.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Bear Bryant is still all-powerful in Alabama, a colossus emanating an aura that is tangible, even posthumously.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Once the aura of the czar was punctured, though, revolution became inevitable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 气味; 光环; 气氛; [医]（中风等的）预兆
分布：光环(49%)，气氛(23%)，氛围(16%)，气味(12%)
→同air. 来自通灵术语，指人身上所流露出来的一种微妙的东西，类似我们所说的气场。
US ['ɔ:r.ə] noun countable
■a feeling or character that a person or place seems to have 气氛，氛围；气息
• The woods have an aura of mystery. 这片树林透着神秘的气息。
• There's an aura of sadness about him. 他看上去一副悲伤的样子。
■a type of light that some people say they can see around people and animals （一些人声称在人或动物身体周围看到的）光环，光轮
n. 光环；气氛；（中风等的）预兆；气味
 - atmosphere, mood, warning, smell, wind

Word: petroleum
Front: petroleum
[pəˈtrəʊliəm] (研四六托雅宝 8098/8161 -2)
Vocabulary: petroleum
(once / 617 pages)
n
Petroleum is oil — a fossil fuel that powers many vehicles and other machinery.
Petroleum is a fancy, technical word for something you've probably heard of: oil, an energy source. Petroleum is also known as crude, crude oil, fossil oil, and rock oil. A lot of petroleum is found in the Middle East, and people are always looking for new sources of petroleum. You have to drill for petroleum, because it's deep inside the Earth. There’s a limited amount of petroleum, so many people worry that we're going to use it all up.
WORD FAMILY
petroleum: petroleums
USAGE EXAMPLES
But OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, recently agreed to cut production beginning in January to restore some stability to the market.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Oklahoma Energy Resources Board provides free tuition for petroleum industry classes there.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Since the Nov. 30 meeting of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries crude prices are up nearly 17%.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 石油
分布：石油(100%)
→来自拉丁语petroleum,石油，来自petra,石头，词源同petrology,oleum,油，词源同oil.
石油[ole=oil(油)]
n.石油The continent continues to control the import of petrol and petroleum.大陆方面继续控制汽油和石油进口.
【记】petr石头，oleum油－石油
【参】linoleum（n 油布）；petrology（n 岩石学）
US [-'troʊ-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dark thick oil obtained from under the ground, from which various substances including petrol, paraffin and diesel oil are produced 石油
n. [油气] 石油
 - fossil oil, geoline

Word: face-to-face
Front: face-to-face
[ˈfeɪstəˈfeɪs] None
Back: adj. 面对面的
adv. 面对面地
分布：面对面的(40%)，当面的(40%)，面对面地(20%)
adverb [before noun] adjective
■directly, meeting someone in the same place 面对面（的）
• We've spoken on the phone but never face-to-face. 我们通过电话，但素未谋面。
• She came face-to-face with the gunman as he strode into the playground. 持枪歹徒大步走到操场时，她碰个正着。
adj. 面对面的；当面的
 - aspectant
adv. 面对面地
 - person-to-person

Word: flap
Front: flap
[flæp] (研六托雅 8113/8726 -2)
Vocabulary: flap
(once / 623 pages)
1vn 2nv 3v
You're probably familiar with the verb to "flap," which is what birds do with their wings. But as a noun, a flap is a fuss, an argument, or a gossipy feud.
A big part of the pleasure of reality TV shows is watching how quickly a person can start a flap. A dumb remark, a furtive glance, a missed phone call: any of these things can start the characters bickering. And the flap can go on for an entire season! One way to remember the meaning of the verb to flap is to imagine the sound of many wings flapping. That's the sound a flap might make if you could hear it. The leak from the senator's press agent might have caused a firestorm. Instead it resulted in just a minor flap.
WORD FAMILY
flap: flapped, flapping, flaps, unflappable +/flapping: flappings/ unflappable: unflappably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seconds later, he re-emerged, holding on to a chaotic mess of flapping flippers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tattered sheets and underwear were flapping on a clothesline a few feet from his patio tables.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
It suggests that the Tu-154 jet's wing flaps - panels which help lift an aircraft - were not moving together, causing the crew to lose control.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 扁平物; [航] 襟翼; 拍打，拍打声; 〈口〉不安，恐慌
v. 上下或左右移动、摆动; 轻拍; 振翅而飞
时态：flapped, flapping, flaps
分布：拍打(60%)，拍打声(14%)，副翼(12%)，鼓翼而飞(11%)，片状垂悬物(3%)
→来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词。引申词义封盖等。
n.垂下物,帽沿,袋盖n./v.拍打,拍动With time elapsing, the flaps collapse up on his clapper's lap.随着时间流逝,袋盖在拍手者的膝上堆叠起来.
verb (-pp-)
WAVE 挥动
intransitive or transitive
■to wave something, especially wings when or as if flying 振（翅）；扑打翅膀；拍打，摆动
• A small bird flapped its wings furiously and flew upwards. 一只小鸟用力扑动翅膀，向上飞去。
• Flags flapped in the breeze above their tents. 微风中，旗子在他们帐篷上方飘动。
[flæp] verb (-pp-)
BEHAVE NERVOUSLY 表现慌张
intransitive informal
■to behave in a nervous and excited way 激动；焦躁
• Don't flap - there's plenty of time to cook before they arrive. 别慌，在他们到来之前还有充裕的时间准备饭菜。
• Stop flapping about/around ! 别慌里慌张的！
[flæp] noun
ADDITIONAL PIECE 附加的一片
countable
■a piece of cloth or other material fixed along one edge, especially used for covering or closing something 袋盖；口盖
• a pocket flap 口袋的袋盖
• a tent flap (= a piece of cloth which acts like a door) 帐篷门帘
• A small flap of skin can be seen above the wound. 可以看到伤口上结了一小块皮痂。
[flæp] noun
NERVOUS STATE 紧张状态
only singular informal
■a state of nervous excitement 紧张兴奋
• She's in a flap because her parents are coming to visit. 因为父母要来看她，她心情又激动又慌乱。
[flæp] noun
AIRCRAFT PART 飞机部件
countable specialized
■part of the back of an aircraft wing which can be moved up or down to help the aircraft go up or down （飞机的）襟翼，副翼，阻力板
[flæp] noun
WAVE 挥动
countable
■when a bird waves its wings when flying, or when something else moves in this way 振（翅）；扑打翅膀；拍打，摆动
• A few flaps of its long wings and the bird was gone. 那只鸟扑动了几下长翅，就飞得看不见了。
n. 拍打，拍打声； [航] 副翼
 - aileron
vi. 拍动；鼓翼而飞；（帽边等）垂下
 - hang
vt. 拍打；扔；拉下帽边；飘动
 - wash, throw into

Word: submission
Front: submission
[səbˈmɪʃn] (托宝 8114/4179 -1)
Vocabulary: submission
(once / 508 pages)
n
If a teacher asks for your submission, she might want you to obey her every command like a drone or, on the other hand, she may want just you to turn something in for her approval.
The noun submission is the act of giving in to a stronger power. If someone winds up in jail, the guards there will demand the prisoner's submission. Alternatively, this word can refer to something that you submit to someone else. If you write an article and send it into a magazine to see if they will publish it, your article would be called a submission. Good luck!
WORD FAMILY
submission: submissions+/resubmit: resubmits, resubmitted, resubmitting/ submissive: submissively, submissiveness, unsubmissive/ submit: resubmit, submission, submissive, submits, submitted, submitter, submitting/submitter: submitters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Times reserves the right to edit and publish any submissions online and/or in print.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Syngenta does not pressure academics to draw conclusions and allows unfettered and independent submission of any papers generated from commissioned research.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The staff selected three of the most clever reader submissions to receive $100 restaurant gift cards.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 投降; 屈服，服从; 谦恭，柔顺; 提交，呈递
分布：提交(77%)，屈服(12%)，服从(11%)
→submit,屈服，投降，提交，递呈，-ss,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
屈服(sub下面＋miss＋ion→放在下面→屈服)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【记】sub下面，miss送，ion－送到下面只能对别人恭顺
【参】submit（v 使服从；提交）
noun
GIVING 给
countable or uncountable
■the act of giving something for a decision to be made by others or a document formally given in this way 提交；呈递
• No date has yet been set for the submission of applications. 申请的提交日期还未确定。
• The final deadline for submissions is February 21st. 提交的最后期限是2月21日。
• [+ that] formal The judge will hear the defence's submission (= suggestion) that the case be dismissed. 法官将听取被告方撤销该案的意见。
[səb'mɪʃ.ən] noun
ACCEPTING 接受
uncountable
■when a person or group allows someone or something to have power over them 顺从，屈服；不得以接受
• They thought the country could be bombed into submission. 他们认为轰炸可以使该国屈服。
• The teachers agreed to a special meeting, in submission to parents' demands. 在家长的要求下，老师只得同意召开特别会议。
n. 投降； [计] 提交（物）；服从；（向法官提出的）意见；谦恭
 - opinion, compliance, view, comment, mind

Word: preheat
Front: preheat
[ˌpri:ˈhi:t] (8103/28504 -1)
Vocabulary: preheat
(once / 40339 pages)
v
To preheat is to make something become hot beforehand, especially an oven before you bake something in it. Frozen pizza tastes better if you preheat your oven before you cook it.
You're most likely to find the verb preheat in a recipe. You might want to preheat your grill for a certain length of time before the guests show up for your barbecue, or preheat your oven before baking a loaf of bread. Preheating ensures that you'll be cooking food at an even, steady temperature and makes it easier not to burn or undercook it. A clue about this word's meaning is the "before" prefix, pre-.
WORD FAMILY
preheat: preheated, preheating, preheats+/ heat: heatable, heated, heater, heating, heatless, heats, overheat, preheat, reheat/ heated: heatedly, unheated/heater: heaters/heating: heatings/overheat: overheated, overheating, overheats/reheat: reheated, reheating, reheats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Preheat oven to 425 degrees F. Sift the dry ingredients into a bowl: cornmeal, flour, sugar, baking powder and salt.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Preheat broiler and set a rack just below flame.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
For the cake: Preheat the oven to 400 degrees.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 预热
时态：preheated, preheating, preheats
分布：预先加热(100%)
→pre-,预先，heat,发热。
verb transitive
■to heat a cooker to a particular temperature before putting food in it 预热（炉灶）
• Preheat the oven to 180°C. 把烤箱预热至摄氏180 度。
• a preheated oven 预热过的烤箱

Word: honeymoon
Front: honeymoon
[ˈhʌnimu:n] (四六 8111/7922 -1)
Vocabulary: honeymoon
(once / 1667 pages)
nv
A honeymoon is a trip that newlyweds traditionally take right after their wedding. You might want to wait to get married until you meet someone who wants to go to Legoland on a honeymoon as much as you do.
Some honeymoons are long and luxurious, involving cruises and Europe or tropical beaches and fancy hotels, while others are simple and low-key. Many married couples don't take a honeymoon at all, or wait years until having a holiday they call a honeymoon. In the 1540s, it was a hony moone, and it referred more generally to the sweet, tender span of time after a wedding. In German, it's a flitterwochen, or "tinsel week."
WORD FAMILY
honeymoon: honeymooned, honeymooner, honeymooning, honeymoons+/honeymooner: honeymooners
USAGE EXAMPLES
And before they left for their Hawaiian honeymoon, Mr. Leahy completed his first important act as husband.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Newly hired managers often get an immediate upturn in results, even if only briefly, but there was no so-called “honeymoon period” with Bradley.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For big investors like Dalio, the Trump honeymoon is continuing.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 蜜月; 蜜月期; 蜜月旅行; 短暂的和谐时期
vi. 度蜜月
时态：honeymooned, honeymooning, honeymoons
分布：蜜月(74%)，度蜜月(25%)，初始的热火时期(1%)
→honey,蜜，moon,月。比喻用法，既可理解为时间，也可理解为婚姻如同月亮的阴晴圆缺。
noun
countable or uncountable
■a holiday taken by a man and a woman immediately after their marriage 蜜月
• Where are you going on your honeymoon? 你们要去哪里度蜜月？
countable usually singular (also honeymoon period)
■a short period at the beginning of a new job, government, etc. when the relationship is good （开始时的）蜜月期，和谐期
['hʌn.i.mu:n] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to go on a honeymoon (= holiday) 度蜜月
• They are honeymooning in the Bahamas. 他们正在巴哈马群岛度蜜月。

Word: drastic
Front: drastic
[ˈdræstɪk] (研六托雅宝 8118/6859 -2)
Vocabulary: drastic
(once / 1370 pages)
adj
Something that is drastic is violent, forceful, and extreme. If you are saving for a car and you only have $50, you need to make a drastic change to your money accumulation scheme.
The word drastic comes from the Greek word for effective, but we use it to mean incredibly effective. If you want a drastic makeover, get rid of all your clothes, change your hair completely, and pick up a new way of speaking. Sometimes drastic action goes too far and so has bad consequences. A bankrupt company might make a drastic decision to fire the management without figuring out how to manage itself in the future.
WORD FAMILY
drastic: drastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each country pledged to help slash greenhouse-gas emissions, with the goal of avoiding the most drastic effects of global warming in the decades ahead.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
But despite the drastic surgery, their doctor told them it was unlikely that they would ever be thin.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
I was very hesitant about a drastic step such as removing his anal glands, so I started researching, trying to find alternative causes.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 激烈的; 猛烈的; （法律等）严厉的; 极端的
分布：激烈的(71%)，极端的(25%)，重大的(4%)
→来自drama, 戏剧。引申义戏剧般的，急剧的。
剧烈的[dra=perform( 表演)]
a.激烈的,严厉的;(药性等)猛烈的We had to take drastic measures.我们必须采取严厉措施.
adjective
■(especially of actions) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects （尤指行动）严厉的，猛烈的，激烈的
• drastic measures 严厉的措施
• Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay. 许多员工不得不接受大幅降薪。
adj. 激烈的；猛烈的
 - fierce, acute, violent, hard, furious

Word: farewell
Front: farewell
[ˌfeəˈwel] (研四六雅宝 8121/6967 -2)
Vocabulary: farewell
(once / 203 pages)
n
If you’re saying goodbye to someone you might not see for long time, say farewell, preferably while waving a hankie from the Queen Mary before it sails across the Atlantic. Farewell is a fancy way to say goodbye.
A farewell is also an expression of good wishes at a parting. If you’re leaving a job after being there a long time, your co-workers might throw you a farewell party. Farewell is an expression, like "goodbye," but also a noun — if you like to leave without a lot of fuss, you don’t like long farewells. Farewell is a combination of fare and well. Fare comes from the Old English word faran, which means "to journey."
WORD FAMILY
farewell: farewells
USAGE EXAMPLES
President Obama is planning a major farewell address which does not appear to be a farewell at all.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the most telling part of the coach’s farewell talk was this:
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Astrophysics, and the smaller world of women in science, said farewell to a pioneer and a champion in Vera Rubin.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 告别，欢送; 欢送会; 告别辞
int. 再见，再会; 一路平安
adj. 告别的，送行的
分布：告别(84%)，别了(9%)，告别的(5%)，再会(2%)
→fare, 远行。well, 一路顺风。
int.再会,别了n.告别I daren't declare that the shares are my spare fare and welfare on the farewell party.在告别会上,我不敢宣称这些股票是我的备用车费和福利.
【反】debut（v 首次登场）－farewell performance（告别演出）
US [ˌfer-] exclamation old-fashioned or formal
■goodbye 再见，再会
UK [ˌfeə'wel] US [ˌfer-] noun countable formal
■when someone says goodbye 告别；辞行
• We said our sad farewells and got on the bus. 我们悲伤地道别后，上了公车。
• He bid us both a fond (= affectionate) farewell. 他向我们两人深情道别。
• a farewell party 告别会
n. 告别，辞别；再见；再会
 - adieux, leave-taking
int. 别了！（常含有永别或不容易再见面的意思）；再会！
 - tara
adj. 告别的
 - valedictory

Word: chilling
Front: chilling
[ˈtʃɪlɪŋ] (8120/11294 -1)
Back: adj. 寒冷的; 令人恐惧的，吓人的; 使人心寒的; [俚语]顶呱呱的，呱呱叫的
v. 冷却，（使）变冷
分布：使人恐惧的(52%)，使人寒心的(18%)，使人扫兴的(18%)，动词chill的现在分词.(12%)
adjective
■frightening 令人恐惧的，令人不寒而栗的
• a chilling tale 令人毛骨悚然的故事
• The monument stands as a chilling reminder of man's inhumanity to man. 纪念碑耸立着，寒气逼人，提醒着人们人类对自己同类的惨无人道。
adj. 寒冷的；冷漠的；使人恐惧的；令人寒心的；呱呱叫的（等于chillin）
 - cold, distant
n. 冷却；寒冷
 - cold, refrigeration

Word: competitiveness
Front: competitiveness
[kəm'petətɪvnəs] (托 8110/8044)
Back: [经] 竞争; 竞争性
分布：竞争能力(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
竞争的；角逐的
Competitive is used to describe situations or activities in which people or firms compete with each other.
例：Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its competitive advantage over other countries...只有通过控制成本，美国才能保持对其他国家的竞争优势。
例：Japan is a highly competitive market system...日本实行竞争激烈的市场体制。
ADJ-GRADED
好竞争的;好胜的
A competitive person is eager to be more successful than other people.
例：He has always been ambitious and fiercely competitive...他一直都雄心勃勃，而且极其好胜。
例：I'm a very competitive person and I was determined not be beaten.我非常要强，下定决心不能输给别人。
ADJ-GRADED
(商品或服务)具有竞争力的
Goods or services that are at a competitive price or rate are likely to be bought, because they are less expensive than other goods of the same kind.
例：Only those homes offered for sale at competitive prices will secure interest from serious purchasers.只有那些价格优惠的住房才会引起真想买房的人的兴趣。
例：...a travel company specialising in amazingly competitive rates for flights.专门提供极优惠航班折扣的旅游公司
n. [经] 竞争力，好竞争
 - competitive strength

Word: patriotism
Front: patriotism
[ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm] (雅宝 8126/11874 -1)
Vocabulary: patriotism
(once / 523 pages)
n
If you're full of patriotism, you're full of love for your country. Patriotism is associated with serving your country and waving the flag.
There are, actually, a lot of ways to demonstrate your patriotism. Waving the flag is an obvious way, but anything that celebrates your country or makes it stronger is a great display of patriotism. Whenever a country is at war, people are more vocal about their patriotism, playing patriotic songs and making speeches full of national pride. Showing patriotism is so important that politicians will argue with each other about who really has more patriotism.
WORD FAMILY
patriotism: patriotisms, superpatriotism+/ patriot: patrioteer, patriotic, patriots/patrioteer: patrioteers/ patriotic: patriotically, patriotism, superpatriotic, unpatriotic/unpatriotic: unpatriotically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Your patriotism, your valor, your courage and your heroism — according to those you’ve served with, you were an exceptional soldier who led by example.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They toured the Soviet sphere, and even further, and they projected a certain clean-cut morality and proper decorum, patriotism.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There are many ways to express your patriotism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 爱国主义; 爱国心，爱国精神
分布：爱国主义(88%)，爱国心(12%)
→来自patriot,同胞，爱国者，-ism,主义，思想。
[见上,-ism主义]爱国主义;爱国心[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
爱国主义(patriot爱国者+ism)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
US ['peɪ.tri-] noun uncountable
■when you love your country and are proud of it 爱国主义

Word: striped
Front: striped
[straɪpt] (8125/8658 -K1)
Back: adj. 有条纹的; 有斑纹的; 喝醉了的
分布：有斑纹的(86%)，动词strip的过去式和过去分词.(14%)
adjective
■Something that is striped has stripes on it 有条纹的
• green and white striped pyjamas 绿白相间的条纹睡衣
• Do you prefer plain or striped shirts ? 你喜欢素面衬衫还是条纹衬衫？
adj. 有条纹的；有斑纹的
 - streaky, brinded

Word: advent
Vocabulary: advent
(once / 1208 pages)
n
The advent of something means that it's finally here. You might be waiting for the advent of a new iPhone or for the advent of cloning. Don't hold your breath.
Generally, the noun advent is used for the introduction of something important. The twentieth century saw the advent of many important inventions — including television, computers, and microwave dinners. If the word is capitalized, it has a religious meaning, referring to the period, observed in certain Christian religions, that begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas (December 25).
WORD FAMILY
advent: advents
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the advent of transcontinental railroads in the 19th century, scientists settled on an 86,400-second-long day.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Certainly not in the Dark Ages, before the advent of electricity.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps this explains the advent of “fit” as a word to describe attractiveness.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)

Word: disciplinary
Front: disciplinary
[ˈdɪsəplɪnəri] (8128/5466 -2)
Back: adj. 纪律的; 训练的; 惩罚的
分布：纪律的(51%)，训练的(38%)，规律的(11%)
US ['dɪs.ə.plɪ.ner-] adjective
■relating to discipline 纪律的；惩戒的
• disciplinary measures/action (= punishment) 惩罚措施／行动
adj. 规律的；训练的；训诫的
 - expostulatory

Word: crush
Front: crush
[krʌʃ] (研四六托雅 4311/4964 -K2)
Vocabulary: crush
(once / 161 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4n 5n
When you crush something, you break it into tiny pieces or crumple it. If you crush the cans in your recycling bin, you'll make more room for more.
A train can crush a car that's stalled on the tracks, and a person can crush an insect between her fingers. A figurative meaning of crush is to subdue or stop, like when a military dictator's forces crush a rebel uprising. You can also use crush as a noun to mean "an overwhelming number," like a crush of bodies on a packed subway car, or to describe infatuation, like your crush on your attractive neighbor, who also can be called your crush.
WORD FAMILY
crush: crushed, crusher, crushes, crushing +/crusher: crushers/ crushing: crushingly, crushings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was quite star-struck at the time because I grew up with Wham and their music; he was one of my first teenage crushes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In December, Roraima’s governor declared a state of emergency and appealed for federal assistance to cope with the crush of border-crossers.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
St. Thomas crushed their next four opponents: 42–8, 42–7, 49–0, 45–19.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 压破，压碎; 镇压; 弄皱; 挤榨，榨出
vi. 挤; 被压碎，被起皱
n. 粉碎，被压碎的状态; （特指女子对男性的）迷恋; 拥挤的人群; 果汁饮料
时态：crushed, crushing, crushes
分布：压碎(55%)，压榨(26%)，击败(8%)，极度拥挤(7%)，使...失望(2%)，折皱(2%)
→拟声词。
n./v.压碎,压坏v.压服,压垮I pushed aside the crushed cushion in a rush and saw a bushy brush.我急忙推开压皱的软垫子,看见一把浓密的刷子.
verb
PRESS 挤压
 IMPROVER transitive
■to press something very hard so that it is broken or its shape is destroyed 压扁；压坏；压碎
• The package had been badly crushed in the post. 包裹在邮寄过程中被压而严重受损。
• Add three cloves of crushed garlic. 加入三瓣捣碎的大蒜。
• His arm was badly crushed in the car accident. 他的手臂在车祸中被压成重伤。
 ADVANCED transitive
■to press paper or cloth so that it becomes full of folds and is no longer flat 弄皱（纸或布）
• My dress got all crushed in my suitcase. 我的衣服在手提箱里全给弄皱了。
 ADVANCED transitive
■If people are crushed against other people or things, they are pressed against them 挤压；拥挤
• Tragedy struck when several people were crushed to death in the crowd. 悲剧发生了，人群中有好几个人被挤死。
[krʌʃ] verb
SHOCK 震惊
transitive usually passive
■to upset or shock someone badly 使极度伤心；使震惊
• He was crushed by the news of the accident. 发生事故的消息让他很震惊。
[krʌʃ] verb
BEAT 击败
transitive
■to defeat someone completely 彻底击败；彻底击垮
• The president called upon the army to help crush the rebellion. 总统号召军队协助粉碎叛乱。
• France crushed Wales by 36 to 3 in last Saturday's match in Paris. 上周六在巴黎的比赛中法国队以36比3大胜威尔士队。
[krʌʃ] noun
LIKING 爱慕
countable informal
■a strong but temporary feeling of liking someone （短暂的）迷恋，热恋，爱慕
• She has a crush on one of her teachers at school. 她迷恋上了学校里的一位老师。
[krʌʃ] noun
PRESS 挤压
only singular
■a crowd of people forced to stand close together 拥挤的人群
• I had to struggle through the crush to get to the door. 我不得不奋力挤出拥挤的人群来到门口。
• You can come in our car, but it'll be a bit of a crush (= there will be a lot of people in it). 你可以上我们的车，不过要受点挤。
grind, crush, crack, smash, clash, crash
grind: 磨碎
crush: 压碎，压坏；
crack: 破裂；
smash: 打碎；
clash: 着重声音；
crash: 着重破坏
break, crush, crack, shatter, smash, burst, fracture
这组词都有“打破、弄碎”的意思，其区别是：
break: 常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏。
crush: 指用力把东西压破或变形。
crack: 多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。
shatter: 指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。
smash: 指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。
burst: 指某物因内部外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或账破。
fracture: 比crack的破裂程度更深更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。
vt. 压碎；弄皱，变形；使…挤入
 - crunch, become deformed
vi. 挤；被压碎
 - pile, crowd, pack
n. 粉碎；迷恋；压榨；拥挤的人群
 - compression, comminution

Word: woe
Front: woe
[wəʊ] (六宝 8122/11736 -1)
Vocabulary: woe
(once / 218 pages)
n
"O, woe is me!" This line is from Shakespeare. When Hamlet scorns Ophelia, she utters these words to express the grief and despair that will soon drive her to suicide.
Another famously dejected figure, Job, echoes this unhappy cry in the Old Testament when he contemplates his sad fate, "If I be wicked, woe unto me." Today, woe generally means problem or worry. You may experience financial woes, if you spend too much on your credit card. And study hard for your classes or in addition to your academic woes, you may get grounded by your parents. Sometimes woe is used in a slightly ironic way. If your friends tell you to forget about your woes and go out with them, they think your problems are not too serious.
WORD FAMILY
woe: woeful, woes+/woeful: woefuler, woefulest, woefully, woefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether the change will bring fresh remedies to the southern African country’s economic woes is open to question.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
But it’s not unusual for nonprofits to experience money woes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
To tackle these woes, the pension trustees submitted an application in August to the United States Treasury to reduce benefits.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 悲哀; 悲伤; 灾难，灾殃; 苦恼
int. 唉（表示痛苦，悲伤或悔恨）; 咳
分布：悲哀(41%)，不幸(26%)，困难(20%)，苦痛(7%)，用来表达悲伤或惊慌(6%)
→感叹词。
【记】wo我，e饿：不幸
【参】woeful（adj 悲伤的）
US [woʊ] noun
woes [plural] formal
■great problems or troubles 困难；灾难；不幸
• The country has been beset by economic woes for the past decade. 过去十年来这个国家一直受到经济困难的困扰。
• Unusually poor harvests have added to the country's woes. 罕见的差收成加剧了该国的灾难。
uncountable literary
■extreme sadness 悲伤；悲哀
• Her face was lined and full of woe. 她满脸皱纹，一副悲伤的表情。
• He told me a real tale of woe about how he had lost both his job and his house in the same week. 他给我讲了一个真实的不幸遭遇，是关于他如何在一周内既失业又失去房子。
UK [wəʊ] US [woʊ] noun
woe betide sb
■said when there will be trouble for someone, or they will be punished, if they do a particular thing （某人）要倒楣（或遭殃）
• This is the second time he's been sent home from school this week, so woe betide him if it happens again! 这是他本周内第二次从学校被赶回了家，要是再发生一次这样的事，他就要倒楣了。
UK [wəʊ] US [woʊ] noun
woe is me old use or humorous
■said to express how unhappy you are 苦啊；惨哪
• I'm cold and wet and I haven't even got enough money for my bus fare home. Oh woe is me! 我又冷又湿，连买张回家的公共汽车票的钱也不够。真是惨啊！
n. 悲哀，悲痛；灾难
 - disaster, sadness, tragedy, grief
int. 唉（表示痛苦，悲伤或悔恨）
 - alas, gosh

Word: ripple
Front: ripple
[ˈrɪpl] (六雅宝 8123/9741 -1)
Vocabulary: ripple
(once / 544 pages)
1nv 2n
A ripple is a small wave on the surface of something, such as a ripple that forms a ring around the spot where you threw a pebble into the pond.
Ripple can also be a verb. For example, you might see raindrops ripple on top of a puddle. Ripple was first used in the 1670s to describe something that causes a ruffled surface, sort of like how water seems to momentarily gain texture as it's stirred. Ripple later came to describe a very small wave, but you've probably heard of the "ripple effect" in which tiny waves spread, setting off more and more waves.
WORD FAMILY
ripple: rippled, ripples, rippling+/rippling: ripplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Governors typically use the speech to outline their priorities and introduce new programs and initiatives, sending ripples cascading across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“It’s like the ripple in the pond,’’ Banner said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s when he met up with Big Tree Farms co-founder Ben Ripple, who was working in Bali.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使泛起涟漪; （把头发）弄成波浪形; 使作潺潺声
vt. 在…上形成波痕
vi. 发出潺潺声
n. 涟漪，涟波; [物]涟波; 涟波声，潺潺声; （头发等的）波浪形
时态：rippled, rippling, ripples
分布：波纹(47%)，涟漪(39%)，起伏(4%)，粗钢梳(2%)，使发出潺潺声(2%)，轻轻荡漾(2%)，潺潺声(2%)，使起波纹(1%)，使起涟漪(1%)
→可能来自 rip,撕开，撕裂，-le,表反复。引申词义波浪，涟漪。
【记】ri日，pp屁屁，le乐：太阳的屁屁乐了，出现皱纹－起涟漪。
noun
countable
■a small wave on the surface of water 涟漪；微波；细浪
• The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake. 她扔了一块石头，湖面泛起阵阵涟漪。
countable
■a sound or feeling that spreads through a person or group of people, gradually increasing and then becoming smaller （声音的）传播起伏；（感情的）逐渐扩散
• A ripple of laughter/applause/etc. ran through the crowd. 人群中响起一阵阵笑声／掌声等。
• A ripple of excitement/unease/etc. flowed up her spine. 一阵激动／不安等顺着脊背传遍了她全身。
• News of the war hardly caused a ripple (= people showed little interest). 战争爆发的消息几乎没有引起任何回响。
uncountable
■plain ice cream with thin wavy lines of other flavours in it 彩条霜淇淋
• raspberry ripple 山莓霜淇淋
['rɪp.l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move in small waves （使）起涟漪；（使）如波浪般起伏
• The breeze rippled the water. 微风在水面吹起阵阵涟漪。
• His muscles rippled under his skin. 他皮肤下的肌肉条条突起。
surge, wave, ripple
这组词都有“波浪、浪、波涛”的意思，其区别是：
surge: 词义较模糊，泛指巨浪、波涛或作比喻使用。
wave: 普通用词，指水面上移动的任何具有峰谷皱形的波动，尤指距离相等的波浪，也比喻任何类似的物体。
ripple: 多指微风吹过水面或石头投入水中所激起的涟漪或细浪。
n. 波纹；涟漪； [物] 涟波
 - cockles, Sparkling Raindrops

Word: imbalance
Front: imbalance
[ɪmˈbæləns] (托 8131/7792 -1)
Vocabulary: imbalance
(once / 5675 pages)
n
An imbalance occurs when you have too much of some things and too little of others. If you put so much pepper in your soup that you can't taste the other spices, then you caused an imbalance in your flavoring.
It’s easy to remember the meaning of imbalance when you break the word into parts. You might recognize the prefix im- as a way to say “not.” Combine that with the familiar word balance, and you come up with something that is decidedly out of whack, or not balanced. It means that something is out of proportion, such as a trade imbalance between nations, meaning the amount of goods they sell to one another is not equal.
WORD FAMILY
imbalance: imbalanced, imbalances+/ balance: balanced, balancer, balances, balancing, counterbalance, imbalance, microbalance, overbalance, unbalance/ balanced: balancedly/balancer: balancers/balancing: balancings, self-balancing/counterbalance: counterbalanced, counterbalances, counterbalancing/overbalance: overbalanced, overbalances, overbalancing/unbalance: unbalanced, unbalances, unbalancing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The effects of small imbalances between calories eaten and calories burned are more pronounced when people deliberately lose weight, Dr. Hall said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It is up for debate whether the league is suffering or benefiting from a competitive imbalance.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Budget hawks see health care as the main driver of government deficits, and they are loath to address that imbalance by raising taxes.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 不平衡; 不安定; 失调
分布：不平衡(86%)，失调(14%)
→im-,不，非，来自im-的字母m开头前的拼写异化形式，balance,平衡。
noun countable
■when two things which should be equal or are normally equal are not 不平衡，不均衡，失调
• There is huge economic imbalance between the two countries. 两国之间的经济存在着严重的不均衡。
n. [医] 不平衡；不安定
 - instability, disbalance

Word: saut��

Word: moderately
Front: moderately
[ˈmɒdərətli] (六 8132/9744)
Back: adv. 适度地; 普通地; 温和度; 不过度地
分布：适度地(72%)，一般地(28%)
→来自moderate,适中的。词义贬义化，引申词义一般地，勉强地。比较mean.
ADJ-GRADED
(政治观点或政策)温和的，不激进的
Moderate political opinions or policies are not extreme.
例：He was an easygoing man of very moderate views...他的观点非常温和，容易相处。
例：Both countries have called for a moderate approach to the use of force.两国都呼吁不要滥用武力。
ADJ-GRADED
(人或团体)温和的，稳健的
You use moderate to describe people or groups who have moderate political opinions or policies.
例：...a moderate Democrat.温和的民主党人
例：...the moderate wing of the army.军队中的稳健派
ADJ-GRADED
中等的;普通的;适度的；适量的
You use moderate to describe something that is neither large nor small in amount or degree.
例：While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.适度的压力是有好处的，但是压力太大会把人压垮。
例：...moderate exercise.适度的锻炼
ADJ
(变化)不大的，有限的
A moderate change in something is a change that is not great.
例：Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.大多数药物要么不能使病情真正好转，要么最多只能带来轻微的改善。
V-ERG
(使)缓和;(使)减轻;(使)减弱;节制
If you moderate something or if it moderates, it becomes less extreme or violent and easier to deal with or accept.
例：They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views...他们希望等他一上台，可以说服他观点别那么激进。
例：Amongst relief workers, the immediate sense of crisis has moderated somewhat...救援人员的紧迫危机感已经有所减弱。
adv. 适度地；中庸地；有节制地
 - reasonably, temperately

Word: shortcoming
Front: shortcoming
[ˈʃɔ:tkʌmɪŋ] (高研四六 8140/8552 -1)
Vocabulary: shortcoming
(once / 1787 pages)
n
The flaw in something is its shortcoming — your car's only shortcoming might be its lack of a sunroof, for example.
Use the noun shortcoming when you talk about the way something — or someone — comes up short. Your boss's shortcoming could be her high expectations, and your job's shortcomings might be having to deal with your boss and not earning much money. The root of shortcoming is the phrase "to come short," which was used starting in the 1600's to mean "to be inadequate."
WORD FAMILY
shortcoming: shortcomings
USAGE EXAMPLES
None of these shortcomings detract from what is a fascinating work of revisited history with all the narrative traction of a good mystery.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
I would miss my brother, my husband; with all our shortcomings, I would also miss the family of man.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Shortcomings in its reserve deputy program were just the most-visible signs of trouble within the agency, it said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 短处，缺点
分布：缺点(91%)，短处(9%)
→来自短语 come short,不足的，不够的。引申名词词义缺点，短处。
n.短处,缺点With shortcomings overcome, the outcome become welcome.随着缺点被克服,结果变得受欢迎.
US ['ʃɔ:rt-/ UK [ˌ-'--] noun countable usually plural
■a fault or a failure to reach a particular standard 缺点，弱点
• Whatever his shortcomings as a husband, he was a good father to his children. 不管作为一个丈夫他有何缺点，他却是孩子们的好父亲。
• Like any political system, it has its shortcomings. 和任何政治体制一样，它也有不足之处。
mistake, flaw, shortcoming, error, defect, slip, fault, blunder
这组词都有“错误”的意思，其区别是：
mistake: 最普通用词，泛指思想上、行为上或认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。
flaw: 指结构或组织上的缺点，如破裂之处。用作比喻意义时，指品格上的缺陷。
shortcoming: 指没有达到所要求的标准、没有充分发展或没尽到职责的不足、缺点或短处。多用复数形式。
error: 指思想或行动背离正题轨道或没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。
defect: 普通用词。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物本质上的缺点。
slip: 指因疏忽或无意而造成的差错。
fault: 一般指小并且可宽容的缺点、错误。
blunder: 通常指由于无知或情况不明造成判断或行动上的大错。
n. 缺点；短处
 - defect, deficiency, disadvantage, vice, fault

Word: poker
Front: poker
[ˈpəʊkə(r)] (8134/14242 -1)
Vocabulary: poker
(once / 1190 pages)
1n 2n
Poker is a card game that involves betting with chips and keeping a straight face. You can also play poker online and make any kind of face you want. Additionally, a poker is a tool you keep by a fireplace.
Two or more people with a deck of cards can play poker, which has many variations. Some poker games involve several rounds of betting, discarding, and being dealt new cards. Having a "poker face" means remaining expressionless, as if you were hiding the fact that you've got a winning hand of cards. A completely different kind of poker is the long metal fireplace tool that you use to stir up the fire, also called a fire iron.
WORD FAMILY
poker: pokers+/ poke: poked, poker, pokes, pokey, poking, poky /pokey: pokeys/poking: pokings/ poky: pokier, pokies, pokiest, pokily
USAGE EXAMPLES
That proposal called for a $145 million casino in Cherokee County, with 1,400 slot machines, 35 table games and a 16-table poker room.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Maybe they won it in a game of poker, or got it from a cellmate.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
I was in Boston for six or seven weeks on a picture with Paul Sorvino called “The Last Poker Game.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 拨火铁棒; 纸牌; 扑克; 戳火的人
vt. 烙制; 用烙画做（图案）
分布：扑克(97%)，拨火棍(3%)
→来自poke,捅，-er,表施动，用于指通条。扑克义词源不详，可能来自同一词源，即捅，引申词义催促，或吹牛，赌博常见手法，后用于指这种纸牌游戏。
US ['poʊ.kɚ] noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable
■a game played with cards in which people try to win money from each other 扑克牌游戏
UK ['pəʊ.kər] US ['poʊ.kɚ] noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a long thin metal stick that you use to move around coal or wood in a fire so that it burns better 拨火棍，火杵

Word: indoors
Front: indoors
[ˌɪnˈdɔ:z] (四六 8145/7741 -K1)
Vocabulary: indoors
(once / 1353 pages)
adv
If you're indoors, you're inside a house or other building. On the hottest, most sweltering summer days, you might decide to stay indoors where it's cool.
During a typical school day, elementary school students spend most of their time indoors, reading, writing, doing math, singing songs, and painting pictures. When they leave the indoors and go outside for recess, you can say they're outdoors. Indoors, first used around 1800 (sometimes attributed to George Washington), comes from indoor, a shortened form of within door.
WORD FAMILY
indoors
USAGE EXAMPLES
He first became interested in growing crops indoors in the two-thousand-aughts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Since his accident, he’s done more of his bicycle training indoors, and been surprised by how efficient it is.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Smith-Schuster appeared at the media day event sweating and wearing a coat indoors.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 在室内，在户内; 在屋里
分布：在户内(100%)
US [-'dɔ:rz] adverb
 ADVANCED
■into or inside a building 往室内；在室内
• Come indoors, it's cold outside. 快进屋，外面很冷。
• Spring bulbs can be grown indoors. 春球茎可在室内培养。

Word: eighteenth
Front: eighteenth
[ˌeɪ'ti:nθ] (8127/3564 -4)
Back: n. 第十八; 十八分之一; （每月的）第十八日
num. 第十八; 十八号; 十八分之一的
adj. 第十八的; 第十八个的; 十八分之一的
分布：第十八(72%)，十八分之一(28%)
/'--] ordinal number
■18th written as a word 第十八（的）
[eɪ'ti:nθ] /'--] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■one of eighteen equal parts of something 十八分之一

Word: seam
Front: seam
[si:m] (研六托雅宝 8135/7180 -1)
Vocabulary: seam
(once / 888 pages)
nv
When you sew two pieces of fabric together, the line you are sewing is the seam. Coal appears in long, linear underground deposits referred to as seams.
A garment that is coming to pieces will often first tear at the seams, the weakest parts. People use this image to describe anything that has reached a point where it is simply not holding together––your car could be falling apart at the seams, or if there's been a lot of stress in your life, you could be too — and you might have to move into a seamy neighborhood.
WORD FAMILY
seam: seamed, seaming, seamless, seams, seamster, seamy +/seamed: unseamed/ seamless: seamlessly/seamster: seamsters/ seamy: seamier, seamiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
They tear at the seams of our commonality by implying that only some people are included in the ideals of liberty and justice.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Seam was 16 in 1997 when he was involved in an armed robbery in Lexington that left a convenience store owner dead.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“Just own your seams and own your posts,” Wright said.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 接缝，接合处; 煤层; 线缝; 裂缝
vt. 缝合，接合; 使产生裂缝; 焊合; 裂开
vi. 裂开，发生裂痕
时态：seamed, seaming, seams
分布：缝(78%)，接缝(13%)，缝合(4%)，接合(3%)，有裂缝(1%)，使有纹(1%)
→来自古英语 seam,缝补，连接，来自 Proto-Germanic*saumaz,缝补，来自 syu,缝补，词源
n.缝,接缝My jacket is coming apart at the seams.我的夹克的接缝处裂开了.
noun countable
JOIN 连接
■a line where two things join, especially a line of sewing joining two pieces of cloth or leather （尤指缝合两块布或皮革的）线缝，接缝
• The bags we sell have very strong seams, so they will last for years. 我们卖的袋子缝线处非常牢固，所以经久耐用。
• My old coat is coming/falling apart at the seams (= the stitches are coming out). 我的旧外套已经多处脱线。
• figurative Their marriage is coming/falling apart at the seams (= likely to fail). 他们的婚姻已濒临破裂。
[si:m] noun countable
LAYER 层
■a long thin layer of a substance such as coal which has formed between layers of other rocks 煤层；矿层
[si:m] noun countable
be a rich seam to mine
■to be full of good material and ideas to use 有丰富的素材可用
• When she started writing novels, she found her time as a judge was a rich seam for her to mine. 她开始创作小说时，发现她当法官的日子有丰富的素材可以挖掘。
[si:m] noun countable
bursting at the seams informal
■If a place is bursting at the seams, it has a very large number of people or things in it （场所）过于拥挤，快要挤爆了
• Now that they've got six children, their little house is bursting at the seams. 他们现在有六个孩子，他们的小房子都快被挤爆了。
n. 缝；接缝
 - joining, juncture
vt. 缝合；接合；使留下伤痕
 - cement, piece, joint
vi. 裂开；产生裂缝
 - gap, spring off

Word: restructure
Front: restructure
[ˌri:ˈstrʌktʃə(r)] (8138/8039 -2)
Vocabulary: restructure
(once / 2061 pages)
v
When you restructure something, you organize it in a different way so it’ll work better, like a practice schedule a coach restructures to get in more morning sessions before a big game.
The verb restructure often refers to a company that is changing the way it operates in order to be more efficient. In many cases, this means laying off employees, closing locations, or working with creditors to change the speed at which debt is repaid. The goal of this kind of restructuring is for the company to stay in business through a rough time in its history.
WORD FAMILY
restructure: restructured, restructures, restructuring+/ structure: restructure, structured, structures, structuring, substructure, superstructure, understructure/ structured: unstructured /substructure: substructures/superstructure: superstructures/understructure: understructures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kathy Chen announced she was leaving following a restructure of the business in Asia.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Following the cash crunch, the firm's sports broadcasting unit said it would cut 10 percent of its staff and restructure its business.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Last month, Nasty Gal said it was restructuring while looking for partnerships with other brands.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 重建; 调整; 重组
时态：restructured, restructuring, restructures
分布：重建(55%)，改组(38%)，重造(7%)
→re-,再，重新，structure,结构。
US [-tʃɚ] verb transitive
■to organize a company, business or system in a new way to make it operate more effectively 调整；改组；重建
• The government restructured the coal industry before selling it to private owners. 在将煤炭行业进行私有化之前，政府对其进行了结构调整。
vt. 调整；重建；更改结构
 - adjust, coordinate

Word: cookbook
Front: cookbook
[ˈkʊkbʊk] (8124/23980 -1)
Back: n. 食谱，菜谱
分布：食谱(80%)，烹饪书(20%)
['kʊk.bʊk/ (UK also cookery book)
noun countable
■a book containing recipes which tell you how to prepare and cook particular dishes 烹饪书，食谱
n. 食谱
 - recipe, cookery book

Word: longing
Front: longing
[ˈlɒŋɪŋ] (六托宝 8143/8159 -1)
Vocabulary: longing
(once / 273 pages)
n
A longing is a strong feeling of need or desire for someone or something. If you're stuck in detention and all of your friends are outside enjoying a sunny day, you might be looking out the window with longing.
A longing describes an unfulfilled desire. The days might feel long as long as you are longing to see someone you love, if that person is far away. You might be longing for your mother's home-made chicken soup, if you are sick and far from home. Or perhaps you are a pregnant woman, wide awake and longing for pickles and ice-cream at four in the morning. Let's hope there's a twenty-four hour deli open somewhere to help satisfy your longing.
WORD FAMILY
longing: longings+/ length: lengthen, lengths, lengthy / lengthen: lengthened, lengthening, lengthens/lengthening: lengthenings/ lengthy: lengthier, lengthiest, lengthily, lengthiness/ long: length, longed, longer, longest, longing, longingly, longish, longly, longness, longs/longest: longests
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the team’s struggles left them longing for next year.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Today, only fools embrace the uglier parts of the pre-Civil War South, but there is a longing to preserve Southern identity.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s not just a longing or just a passing urge.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 渴望，热望
adj. 渴望的; 极想得到的
v. 渴望(long的现在分词)
分布：渴望(82%)，渴望的(11%)，憧憬(7%)
→来自long,渴望。
渴望(long+ing→很长时间[想要]→渴望)[long,leng表示"长"]
【记】long（adj 长的；v 渴望）
US ['lɑ:ŋ-] noun [S or U]
■a feeling of wanting something or someone very much 渴望，向往，期望
• He gazed at her, his eyes full of longing. 他凝视着她，眼里充满了渴望。
• a longing look 期待的眼神
• a longing for his homeland 对家乡的向往
n. 渴望，热望；憧憬
 - aspiration, eagerness
adj. 渴望的，极想得到的
 - eager, desired, hungry, anxious, sick
v. 渴望（long的ing形式）
 - craving, hankering

Word: booster
Front: booster
[ˈbu:stə(r)] (8144/14487 -1)
Vocabulary: booster
(once / 4625 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you’re a big fan and promoter of something or someone, you're a booster. Go team! A booster provides support, like a kid’s booster seat, a follow-up dose of medicine, or a booster rocket that launches the Space Shuttle.
Boosters of teams, groups, or organizations often form official clubs to coordinate their fundraising and event planning. Another kind of booster is an engine or rocket that's the first stage of launching a space vehicle into orbit. And in medicine, a booster is a second (or subsequent) dose of a vaccine that helps the initial dose work better. All of these boosters assist, encourage, or boost in some way.
WORD FAMILY
booster: boosters+/ boost: boosted, booster, boosting, boosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The SLS booster and Orion capsule are being built by what are called “legacy” space companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fiber cables also require fewer booster boxes, because signal strength stays strong over many more miles.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ricks, a longtime tourism booster and ad agency executive, says he’ll bring an “unfamiliar eye” to Nebraska’s travel promotion efforts.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （电器的）增压机; 助推器，多级火箭的第一级; 热情的支持者
分布：助推器(79%)，支持者(11%)，辅助药剂(10%)
US [-stɚ] noun countable
IMPROVEMENT 改进处
■something which improves or increases something 促进提高的事物；起推动作用的事物
• a confidence/morale booster 对信心／士气的激励
UK ['bu:.stər] US [-stɚ] noun countable
ENGINE 器械
■an engine on a spacecraft that gives extra power for the first part of a flight （太空船的）推进器
• a rocket booster 火箭推进器
UK ['bu:.stər] US [-stɚ] noun countable
DRUG 药品
■an extra small amount of a drug given to strengthen the effect of the same drug given some time before, to protect a person from illness （增强药效的）辅助药剂
• a polio booster 小儿麻痹症辅助药剂
n. 升压机；支持者；扩爆器
 - advocate, supporter

Word: carved
Front: carved
[kɑ:vd] (8149/8800)
Back: adj. 有雕刻的
v. 切，切碎( carve的过去式和过去分词 ); 雕刻; 艰苦创业，奋斗取得（事业、名声等）
分布：动词carve的过去式和过去分词形式.(50%)，雕刻了的(50%)
VERB
雕;刻
If you carve an object, you make it by cutting it out of a substance such as wood or stone. If you carve something such as wood or stone into an object, you make the object by cutting it out.
例：One of the prisoners has carved a beautiful wooden chess set...有个犯人刻了一副漂亮的木头象棋。
例：He carves his figures from white pine...他用白松木雕刻出那些人偶。
VERB
刻写;镌刻；雕饰
If you carve writing or a design on an object, you cut it into the surface of the object.
例：He carved his name on his desk...他把名字刻在自己的课桌上。
例：The ornately carved doors were made in the seventeenth century.那些雕饰精美的门制于17世纪。
VERB
切下，割下（肉片)
If you carve a piece of cooked meat, you cut slices from it so that you can eat it.
例：Andrew began to carve the chicken...安德鲁开始切鸡肉。
例：Carve the beef into slices.把牛肉切成片。
VERB
开创(事业);赢得(工作)
If you carve a career or a niche for yourself, you succeed in getting the career or the position that you want by your own efforts.
例：She has carved a niche for herself as a comic actor...她作为喜剧演员已经闯出了一片天地。
例：They may be loyally standing by their men, but they are also carving their own careers...她们也许忠诚地支持着自己的丈夫，但她们也在开创自己的事业。
VERB
铺（路）；修（路）
If a road is carved through a place, it is built so that it goes through that place.
例：Two three-lane roads will be carved through countryside.将要修建两条三车道的公路穿过乡间。
v. 雕刻（carve的过去式和过去分词）
 - sculpted, engraved

Word: broadcaster
Front: broadcaster
[ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:stə(r)] (8133/9061 -2)
Back: n. 广播员，广播公司; 广播设备; 撒种机，撒播物
分布：播音员(58%)，广播电台(38%)，播种机(4%)
US ['brɑ:dˌkæs.tɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to speak on radio or television programmes 播音员；广播员
• He was a famous broadcaster in the 1930s. 他是20世纪30年代的著名播音员。
n. 广播公司；广播员；播送设备； [农机] 撒播物
 - announcer

Word: alienate
Front: alienate
[ˈeɪliəneɪt] (托雅宝 8136/8590 -2)
Vocabulary: alienate
(once / 1121 pages)
1v 2v
When you alienate people, you make them stop liking or caring about you. Show up at a conference of cat lovers with a sign around your neck that says, "I hate kittens," and you'll learn firsthand what that means.
Back in the days of Latin, before the word alien came to mean little green men from outer space, it described something or someone that was foreign or different or not known: an alien custom, an alien nation. When you alienate people, you make them WISH you were an alien, or at least that they could send you to the moon.
WORD FAMILY
alienate: alienable, alienates, alienating, alienation, alienator+/alienable: inalienable, unalienable / alienation: alienations/alienator: alienators/ inalienable: inalienably/ unalienable: unalienably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Distributors do not want to risk alienating more customers by continuously raising their rates.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“No, don’t do that, because it’ll taint those shows for fans of the originals, and alienate younger viewers,” replied literally everyone else.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
“What a way to alienate your customers and potential customers! Grow up. Not very professional and lacking business and common sense!” another wrote.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使疏远，离间; 使转移，放弃; [法]转让，让渡（财产或权利）
时态：alienated, alienating, alienates
分布：离间(48%)，使疏远(29%)，让与(14%)，麻木(9%)
疏远(alien外国的＋ate→把别人当外国人→疏远)[alter,altern,ali=other,to change表示"其他的,改变状态"]
【记】alien外国的－把别人当外国人－疏远某人
【反】reunite（v 使再结合）
verb transitive
LOSE SUPPORT 失去支持
■to cause someone or a group of people to stop supporting and agreeing with you 离间；使背离；使不友好
• All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers. 报纸改头换面疏远了老读者。
['eɪ.li.ə.neɪt] verb transitive
NOT WELCOME 不受欢迎
■to make someone feel that they are different and do not belong to a group 使格格不入；使疏远
• Disagreements can alienate teenagers from their families. 家庭争吵会使青少年跟家人产生感情裂痕。
vt. 使疏远，离间；让与
 - release, convey

Word: swimmer
Front: swimmer
[ˈswɪmə(r)] (8151/11709)
Back: n. 游泳者
分布：游泳者(100%)
N-COUNT
游泳运动员;游泳爱好者;游泳者
A swimmer is a person who swims, especially for sport or pleasure, or a person who is swimming.
例：You don't have to worry about me. I'm a good swimmer...你不用担心我。我水性很好。
例：She wants to become an Olympic swimmer...她想成为一名能够参加奥运会的游泳运动员。
n. 游泳者
 - natator, bather

Word: sting
Front: sting
[stɪŋ] (研四六托雅宝 8139/8803 -K2)
Vocabulary: sting
(once / 464 pages)
vn
Sting most commonly refers to the wound inflicted by a bee or hornet, or to a kind of burning pain, like the brief sting when your doctor gives you a vaccine. A nasty remark can also sting.
"Float like a butterfly. Sting like a bee!" was Muhammad Ali's famous taunt to other fighters. But insects and boxers aren't the only ones who can sting. When someone says something that's both mean and true, it can sting. Such things are often referred to as stinging remarks. But if you're thinking crime, then a sting is a con-job that takes planning to pull off. When the cops spend months creating a fake crime-ring in order to catch criminals in the act, it's referred to a "sting operation."
WORD FAMILY
sting: stinged, stinger, stinging, stingless, stings+/stinger: stingers/stinging: stingingly, stingings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some people experience dryness, stinging, itching and burning.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
That only worsened the sting of the game’s final two minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
You'd expect the British embassy to choose something more boring, like Sting...
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 叮，螫; 刺痛; 精神上刺痛; 刺激
vi. 感到剧痛; 刺，叮
n. 螫伤处; （某些昆虫的）毒刺; （身体或心灵的）剧痛; （警察为抓捕罪犯而设的）圈套
时态：stung, stinging, stings
分布：刺(54%)，刺痛(25%)，叮(15%)，讽刺(4%)，使苦恼(1%)，欺诈(1%)
→来自古英语 stingan,刺，插，戳，叮，来自 Proto-Germanic*stingan,刺，插，来自 stengh, 鼻音化自*stegh,刺，插，词源同 stake,stick,instinct.引申诸相关词义。
刺n.刺针[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
v./n.刺,刺痛,剧痛;刺,叮In this district I can strictly distinguish the distinct distinctions of bees' stings by instinct.在该地区我能靠直觉严格分辨蜜蜂刺的明显特征.
verb (stung, stung)
HURT 刺痛
intransitive or transitive
■If an insect, plant or animal stings, it produces a small but painful injury, usually with a poison, by brushing against the skin or making a very small hole under the skin （昆虫、植物或动物）叮，刺，蜇
• Do all types of bee sting? 所有种类的蜜蜂都蜇人吗？
• I got stung by a wasp yesterday. 我昨天被黄蜂蜇了。
• I didn't see the nettles until I was stung by them. 我被荨麻刺到后才看到它们。
intransitive or transitive
■to cause sharp but usually temporary pain 引起刺痛，引起灼痛
• The soap/smoke/sweat stung my eyes. 肥皂／烟雾／汗水刺痛了我的双眼。
• This type of disinfectant doesn't sting, even if you put it on a fresh cut. 这种消毒药水即使涂在新伤口上也不会有灼痛感。
intransitive or transitive
■If someone's unkind remarks sting you, they make you feel upset and annoyed （伤害人的话）刺痛，使苦恼
• He was stung by her criticisms. 他被她的批评指责刺伤了。
• She knew he was right, but his words still stung. 她知道他是对的，但他的话仍旧伤害了她。
• She managed to give a stinging reply (= an angry answer intended to upset) , before slamming down the phone. 她甩出一句尖刻的回答，然后啪的一声挂断电话。
[stɪŋ] verb (stung, stung)
CHARGE 索价
transitive informal
■to charge someone a surprisingly large amount of money for something 向…索要惊人高价；敲诈
• The bank stung me for £50 in charges when I went overdrawn. 银行在我透支时敲诈了我50英镑。
[stɪŋ] noun
HURT 刺痛
countable or only singular
■a sudden burning pain in your eyes, on your skin, etc., or the ability to cause such pain （眼睛、皮肤等的）灼痛，刺痛；蜇
• She had several bee stings. 她被蜜蜂蜇了几下。
• the sting of salt in a wound 伤口上撒盐引起的灼痛
• Some types of jellyfish have a powerful sting. 某些种类的水母蜇人很痛。
only singular
■the feeling of being upset by something 痛苦；刺痛，刺伤；刺激
• the sting of defeat 失败的痛苦
countable UK (US stinger)
■a pointed part of an insect, plant or animal that goes through a person's or animal's skin and leaves behind poison （昆虫或动物的）刺，蜇刺，蜇针；（植物的）刺毛
[stɪŋ] noun
GETTING STH 偷窃
countable mainly US slang
■a clever and complicated act of stealing 精心设计的偷窃行为
• A bank employee was involved in the sting in which $5 million was stolen. 一名银行雇员卷入一宗精心策划的盗窃案，涉案金额达500万美元。
countable mainly US slang
■a police action to catch criminals in which the police pretend to be criminals （警方为抓捕罪犯的）卧底（行动）
• a sting operation 卧底行动
[stɪŋ] noun
have a sting in the/its tail UK
■If something, such as a story or joke, has a sting in the/its tail, it has a surprising or unpleasant part which only becomes clear at the end. （故事、笑话等）结局出人意料，结尾倒人胃口
[stɪŋ] noun
take the sting out of sth
■If something takes the sting out of an unpleasant situation, it makes it less unpleasant 减少…的不快
• The new policy of shorter working hours will serve to take the sting out of the pay cut. 缩短工时的新政策有助于减少薪酬所带来的不快。
n. 刺痛；讽刺，刺激；刺毛
 - stimulus, smart, incentive, excitement, hit
vt. 刺；驱使；使…苦恼；使…疼痛
 - stick, pink
vi. 刺痛；被刺痛；感到剧痛
 - smart, bite

Word: idle
Front: idle
[ˈaɪdl] (研四六雅宝 8146/7526 -2)
Vocabulary: idle
(once / 134 pages)
1adjvn 2adj 3adj 4adj
Something idle is not active. If your car is idling, it's running but not moving. If someone calls you idle, it either means they think you don't have enough to do or that you're just plain lazy.
Idle can also mean having no value or purpose: idle rumors are rumors that people make up when they're bored, but have no grounding in fact. As a verb, idle can also refer to a car engine that is running while the vehicle is not moving. The adjective descends from Middle English idel, from Old English īdel "empty."
WORD FAMILY
idle: idled, idlely, idleness, idler, idles, idlest, idling, idly+/idleness: idlenesses/idler: idlers/idling: idlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But whenever the franchise starts to idle, something pushes it.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In order to meet this demand for fresh content — a demand created by the process that supplies it — Jukin scales idle browsing to industrial proportions.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
As it sat idle for months, the dirt-covered floor of the foundry became home to deer, raccoons and snakes.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 无意义的; 空闲的; 懒惰的; 无根据的
vi. 虚度; 空转; 挂空挡; 未熄火
vt. 虚度; 使空转
n. （尤指暂时地）关闭工厂，使（工人）闲着
时态：idled, idling, idles
分布：无目的(50%)，不作事(50%)
→词源不详。
a.空闲的,闲置的;懒散的v.空费,虚度Having canceled X-ray scan, the cancerous candidate on the canvas ate the idle candles in the candy can.取消X线扫描后,帆布上的癌症候选人吃了糖果罐里的闲置蜡烛.
adjective
NOT WORKING 不工作的
■not working or being used 闲置的；不工作的
• Half these factories now stand idle. 这些工厂如今有半数闲置。
• It's crazy to have £7000 sitting idle in the bank. 把7000英镑闲置在银行里简直是疯了。
■An idle moment or period of time is one in which there is no work or activity 无所事事的，空闲的
• If you have an idle moment, call me. 如果你有空，给我打电话。
■without work; unemployed 无工作的，失业的
• Almost half of the workforce are now idle. 近一半劳动力现在都没有工作。
['aɪ.dl] adjective
NO PURPOSE 无目的的
[before noun]
■without any particular purpose 无目的的
• idle chatter/gossip/speculation 闲聊／闲扯／随意的猜测
• an idle glance 漫不经心的一瞥
• This is no idle threat. 这绝不是随口吓唬人。
['aɪ.dl] adjective
LAZY 懒惰的
■lazy and not willing to work 懒惰的
• He's a very able student, he's just bone idle (= very lazy). 他是个能力很强的学生，只是太懒了。
['aɪ.dl] verb intransitive (UK also tick over)
■If an engine or machine idles, it runs slowly but does not move or do any work （引擎）低速运转，空转
• He left the engine idling and ran into the shop. 他让引擎空转着，自己跑进了商店。
['aɪ.dl] verb intransitive (UK also tick over)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] idle sth away
■to spend a period of time relaxing and doing very little 消磨（时间）
• We idled away the hours drinking and playing cards. 我们喝酒、玩纸牌，消磨时间。
idle, lazy
这组词都有“闲散，懒惰”的意思，其区别是：
idle: 通常指不忙，无事可干，一般不含应责备之意。
lazy: 指好逸恶劳，贪闲偷懒，或不愿学习或工作等，常含应受责备之意。
adj. 闲置的；懒惰的；停顿的
 - stopped, lazy
vi. 无所事事；虚度； [机] 空转
 - sit around, lie about
vt. 虚度； [机] 使空转
 - moon, dream away

Word: softball
Front: softball
[ˈsɒftbɔ:l] (高 8130/-)
Back: n. 垒球（运动）
分布：垒球(100%)
US ['sɑ:ft.bɑ:l] noun uncountable
■a game similar to baseball but played with a larger softer ball 垒球（运动）

Word: dolphin
Front: dolphin
[ˈdɒlfɪn] (托 8137/4232 -2)
Back: n. 海豚; （码头的）系船柱
分布：海豚(100%)
→来自gwelbh, 膨胀，鼓起，引申词义子宫，孕妇的肚子，词源同child, calf.可能因肥胖的海豚如同孕妇而得名。
US ['dɑ:l-] noun countable
■a sea mammal that is large, smooth and grey, with a long pointed mouth 海豚
n. [脊椎] 海豚
 - sea hog, porpoise

Word: exhaustion
Front: exhaustion
[ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən] (四托 8142/8483)
Vocabulary: exhaustion
(once / 815 pages)
n
Exhaustion is a state of being incredibly tired. Running a marathon on a hot day often results in exhaustion.
Your exhaustion might be due to physical fatigue, after shoveling snow for hours or chasing after your runaway dog, or mental tiredness. A terrible argument with your best friend can lead to exhaustion, for example. Another kind of exhaustion is caused by illness or general weakness. Exhaustion comes from the verb exhaust, "a drawing off," specifically of strength. from the Latin exhaurire, "draw off" or "take away."
WORD FAMILY
exhaustion: exhaustions+/ exhaust: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustion, exhaustive, exhausts/ exhausted: exhaustedly, unexhausted/ exhausting: exhaustingly/ exhaustive: exhaustively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is something of a tradition, brought about by sheer exhaustion, that triathletes collapse on the floor after finishing their race.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Like Astaire, Reynolds never showed her exhaustion or pain onscreen.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And that was that for the Saint Pablo tour, which was rapidly cancelled when West was admitted to hospital to be treated for exhaustion.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 疲惫，衰竭; 枯竭，用尽; 排空; 彻底的研究
分布：疲惫(65%)，筋疲力尽(29%)，竭尽(6%)
→ex-, 向外。-haust, 排出。引申义耗尽，筋疲力尽。
US [-'zɑ:-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you are extremely tired 筋疲力竭；疲惫不堪
• She felt ill with/from exhaustion. 她过度劳累，终于病了。
n. 枯竭； [电子] 耗尽；精疲力竭
 - effeteness, drying up

Word: anatomy
Front: anatomy
[əˈnætəmi] (托 8160/8866 -1)
Vocabulary: anatomy
(once / 695 pages)
1n 2n
If you're studying anatomy you're studying animals’ bodies and you're probably dissecting them, too. You might study the anatomy of a pig to see how it relates to human anatomy. You’ll find that only one of them has a snout.
Ever heard of Gray's Anatomy — not the TV show, but the 1858 medical textbook by Henry Gray? It’s been revised many times, but it’s still the standard text, with detailed descriptions of the parts of the human body. The word anatomy can apply to anything you're analyzing in detail. If you're writing an anatomy of your piano, you'll describe the parts and how they work. Anatomy goes back to the Greek roots ana, meaning "up," and temnein "to cut."
WORD FAMILY
anatomy: anatomic, anatomical, anatomies, anatomise, anatomist, anatomize+/anatomical: anatomically, anatomicals/anatomise: anatomised, anatomises, anatomising/anatomist: anatomists/anatomize: anatomized, anatomizes, anatomizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The current policy is to house transgender juveniles on a case-by-case basis and not by anatomy alone, in accordance with federal standards.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The artist contrasts styles and patterns, suggesting graffiti and anatomy textbooks simultaneously.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Like most high school girls, I watch ‘Grey’s Anatomy,'” she said with a smile.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 解剖，分解，分析; （详细的）剖析; （生物体的）解剖结构; 骨骼
分布：解剖(68%)，解剖学(31%)，分解(1%)
→前缀ana-, 向上，向后。词根tom, 砍，切，见atom, 不可切的，原子。
解剖学(ana分开+tom+y→分开切→解剖)[tom=cut表示"切割"]
US [-'nætˌ-] noun
uncountable
■the scientific study of the body and how its parts are arranged 解剖（学）
• An understanding of human anatomy is important to a dancer. 对于一个舞蹈演员来说，通晓一些人体解剖学知识非常重要。
• He later became professor of anatomy at Kiel. 后来他成为基尔大学的解剖学教授。
countable or uncountable
■the structure of an animal or plant 解剖构造；（动植物）结构
• the female anatomy 女性人体解剖构造
• the anatomy of a leaf 叶子的结构
countable humorous
■a person's body 身体
• On which part of her anatomy is she tattooed? 她的纹身刺在甚么部位？
countable formal
■a detailed examination of a subject 剖析，分析；细察
• The whole play reads like an anatomy of evil. 整个剧本读起来就如同是一份对邪恶的剖析报告。
n. [解剖] 解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼
 - cadre, dissection

Word: liberalism
Front: liberalism
[ˈlɪbərəlɪzəm] (8161/9214 -1)
Vocabulary: liberalism
(once / 2626 pages)
1n 2n
Liberalism in politics favors social progress, through the agency of government, while liberalism in economics favors a free and open market, without government interference.
Liberalism in contemporary politics is said to fall on the left-hand side of the political spectrum, which is why its adherents are sometimes called, collectively, "the Left." (Adherents of "conservatism" are called "the Right," and they are generally strongly opposed to liberalism.) "Political liberalism," which may favor more government regulation, is not interchangeable with "economic liberalism," which favors less government regulation, a strategy political conservatism often agrees with.
WORD FAMILY
liberalism: liberalisms, liberalist, liberalistic, neoliberalism+/ illiberal: illiberality, illiberally/illiberality: illiberalities/ liberal: illiberal, liberalise, liberalism, liberality, liberalize, liberally, liberalness, liberals, neoliberal/liberalise: liberalisation, liberalised, liberalising/liberalist: liberalists/liberality: liberalities/ liberalization: liberalizations/ liberalize: liberalization, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing/neoliberal: neoliberals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The debate between liberalism and republicanism, especially active in the 1970s, eventually subsided.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The temptation will be, once again, to defend liberal values by reinforcing the institutions of liberalism.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Deals surged in the 1980s and 1990s with the rise of economic liberalism in the region.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 自由主义; 开明的思想或见解
分布：自由主义(97%)，自由主义神学(1%)，开明的思想(1%)，自由党的政策和原则(1%)
→来自liberal,自由的。
N-UNCOUNT
（主张通过修改法律逐步实现社会进步的）自由主义
Liberalism is a belief in gradual social progress by changing laws, rather than by revolution.
例：...a democrat who has decided that economic liberalism is the best way to secure change.认定经济自由主义是促进变革的最好办法的民主党党员
例：...the tradition of nineteenth-century liberalism.19世纪的自由主义传统
N-UNCOUNT
（主张个体拥有广泛的政治和个人自由的）自由主义
Liberalism is the belief that people should have a lot of political and individual freedom.
例：He was concerned over growing liberalism in the Church.他对教会中日益增强的自由主义倾向心存忧虑。
n. 自由主义；开明的思想或见解
 - latitudinarianism

Word: chill
Front: chill
[tʃɪl] (研四六托雅 4618/6652 -2)
Vocabulary: chill
(once / 199 pages)
1nv 2v 3n
A sharp burst of cold air or icy temperatures is a chill. The chill of a January day in New England might make you dream of moving to New Mexico.
You'll feel a chill when someone opens a window in the winter, or notice a chill in the air on a cool day in September. Another kind of chill makes you shiver, but it's caused by illness and fever rather than a cold breeze: "Symptoms of the flu include chills and headache." A cold attitude is also a chill, as when a chill in the room makes you realize your friends are angry at each other.
WORD FAMILY
chill: chilled, chiller, chilling, chills, chilly +/chiller: chillers/chilling: chillingly/ chilly: chillier, chilliest, chillily, chilliness, chillys
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Speaking as a mom, I felt a chill down my spine,” she said referring to recent political broadcast.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I shuddered at the same photos that chilled the victims’ families.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
The most common symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, chills and body aches.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变冷; 使很冷; 使冰冷; 使恐惧
n. 寒冷，发冷; 冷漠; 扫兴; [冶金学]激冷
adj. 冷的; 冷漠的; 令人失望的
vt. 令失望; 使沮丧; 使扫兴; 使消沉
时态：chilled, chilling, chills
分布：寒冷(42%)，寒冷的(16%)，扫兴(13%)，寒心(12%)，着凉(9%)，冷淡的(8%)
→来自gel, 冷，词源同cold,glacier.
n.寒冷,寒气,寒战v.使寒冷There is quite a chill in the air today.今天空气颇有寒意.
【记】chill后就会导致ill
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) become cold but not freeze （使）变冷；（使）冷却
• I've put the beer in the fridge to chill. 我把啤酒放到了冰箱里冰镇一下。
• Chill the wine before serving. 上酒前先冰镇一下。
[tʃɪl] verb intransitive or transitive
chill sb to the bone/marrow
■to frighten someone very much 使（某人）不寒而栗，使（某人）毛骨悚然
• This is a film that will chill you to the marrow. 这是部令人毛骨悚然的影片。
[tʃɪl] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  chill out (also chill) informal
■to relax completely, or not allow things to upset you 彻底放松；冷静；镇静
• I'm just chilling out in front of the TV. 我只是看电视放松一下。
• Chill out, Dad. The train doesn't leave for another hour! 别紧张，爸爸，火车还有一小时才开呢！
[tʃɪl] noun
COLD 寒冷
only singular
■a feeling of cold 寒冷；寒意，凉意
• There was a chill in the air this morning. 今天早上有点冷飕飕的。
[tʃɪl] noun
ILLNESS 疾病
countable
■a slight fever 风寒，受寒，着凉
• Don't go out with wet hair, you might catch a chill. 头发湿的时候别出去，会着凉的。
[tʃɪl] noun
BAD FEELING 害怕的感觉
only singular
■a sudden unpleasant feeling, especially of fear 害怕的感觉；（尤指恐惧引起的）寒气，寒意
• I suddenly realized, with a chill of apprehension, the danger ahead. 我突然一阵恐惧，意识到前面有危险。
[tʃɪl] noun
send chills down/up sb's spine
■to make someone feel very frightened 令（某人）脊背发凉，令（某人）毛骨悚然
• His words sent a chill down her spine. 他的话让她脊背发凉。
[tʃɪl] noun
take the chill off sth
■to make something slightly less cold 把…暖一暖；给…驱寒
• We lit the fire to take the chill off the room. 我们在屋里生火驱寒。
[tʃɪl] adjective literary
■ chilly (= cold) 寒冷的
[tʃɪl] adjective literary
the chill wind of sth literary
■the problems caused by something …的寒风；…引起的问题
• Many more businesses are feeling the chill wind of the recession. 更多企业受到了经济衰退的冲击。
n. 寒冷；寒意；寒心
 - cold, algor
adj. 寒冷的；冷漠的；扫兴的
 - cold, distant
vt. 冷冻，冷藏；使寒心；使感到冷
 - refrigerate

Word: pinpoint
Front: pinpoint
[ˈpɪnpɔɪnt] (托雅宝 8150/9530 -1)
Vocabulary: pinpoint
(once / 5524 pages)
nv
To pinpoint something is to nail down its exact location.
The point of a pin is very small and fine. Similarly, when you pinpoint something, you have narrowed down its location to the smallest possibility: you've found out exactly where it is. The government is constantly trying to pinpoint the location of terrorists, just as police try to pinpoint the location of criminals. Dogs can pinpoint many things through smell. It's often hard to pinpoint which car is producing an annoying car alarm. When you pinpoint something, you've found it.
WORD FAMILY
pinpoint: pinpointed, pinpointing, pinpoints
USAGE EXAMPLES
The source of Shore’s deferential personality is easy to pinpoint.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Local authorities in England said Friday that pop star George Michael’s autopsy is “inconclusive,” and further tests are needed to pinpoint his cause of death.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rodgers buys precious seconds and delivers a pinpoint pass.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 确定，准确地指出; 精准定位
n. 针尖，尖头; 精确位置; 极小之物
adj. 精确的，精准的; 详尽的
时态：pinpointed, pinpointing, pinpoints
分布：精确的(39%)，微小的(13%)，精确地找到(13%)，极小之物(11%)，精确位置(11%)，瞄准(8%)，使突出(5%)
→pin,针，point,点。比喻用法。
【记】pin大头针，point指出
【反】exam cursorily（粗略的检查）
US ['pɪn-] verb transitive
■to find out or say the exact position in space or time of something 准确指出，确定（位置或时间）
• It is not possible to pinpoint precisely the time of death. 准确地确定死亡时间是不可能的。
■to discover or describe the exact facts about something 查明；准确描述
• Emergency workers at the site are still unable to pinpoint the cause of the explosion. 现场的急救人员仍然无法确定爆炸的起因。
UK ['pɪn.pɔɪnt] US ['pɪn-] noun countable
■a very small spot of something 极小的点
• a pinpoint of light 光点
UK ['pɪn.pɔɪnt] US ['pɪn-] adjective [before noun]
■very exact 确切的，精确的
• The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy. 这台电脑能够精确地计算出你的位置。
vt. 查明；精确地找到；准确描述
 - assure oneself, ascertain
adj. 精确的；详尽的
 - accurate, precise, mathematical, strict, rigid
n. 针尖；精确位置；极小之物
 - needlepoint, fingerling

Word: pivotal
Front: pivotal
[ˈpɪvətl] (托 8154/14567 -1)
Vocabulary: pivotal
(once / 4681 pages)
adj
High school graduation is a pivotal moment in most people's lives — an important point that signifies a shift in direction.
You see the word pivot in pivotal. That is because when something is pivotal, it is central, and everything related to the topic turns or depends on it. An election can be a pivotal moment in a nation's history if the direction the country takes depends on it. Your belief in reincarnation may be pivotal to how you treat animals. Pivotal means important, but it has the sense of centrality and turning.
WORD FAMILY
pivotal: pivotally+/ pivot: pivotal, pivoted, pivoting, pivots, pivotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s on your watch now,’” recalled GOP Rep. Pat Tiberi, chairman of a pivotal health subcommittee.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s on your watch now,'” recalled GOP Rep. Pat Tiberi, chairman of a pivotal health subcommittee.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Then, in the game’s most pivotal play, Alabama linebacker Ryan Anderson intercepted a poor pass from Browning and returned it 26 yards for a touchdown.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 中枢的; 枢轴的; 关键的
分布：关键的(54%)，重要的(40%)，轴的(6%)
→来自pivot,核心。
【记】源于pivot（n 枢轴；中心点），根：piv＝pir转
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■central and important 关键性的，核心的
• a pivotal figure/role/idea 关键人物／角色／想法
adj. 关键的；中枢的；枢轴的
 - central, key

Word: cinema
Front: cinema
[ˈsɪnəmə] (中高雅 8165/3322 -K3)
Vocabulary: cinema
(once / 807 pages)
n
A cinema is another word for a movie theater. If you love films, you probably spend a lot of time at the cinema.
It's more common to say cinema in Britain than in the United States, but any English speaker will know what you're talking about if you ask, "Want to go to the cinema?" You can also use cinema to talk about the film industry and its history: "This is my favorite film in all of American cinema." The word was first used in 1899, from the French cinéma, which was a shortened form of cinématographe, "motion picture projector and camera."
WORD FAMILY
cinema: cinemas, cinematic, cinematise, cinematize+/cinematic: cinematically/cinematize: cinematized, cinematizes, cinematizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plot is only a little bit of what matters in a Manual Cinema show; the performers are entrancing merely doing what they do.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mansion includes a cinema, spa, hair salon and sports room.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Though a highly respected stills photographer, he also maintained a career in cinema, directing 20 feature-length films.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 电影院; 电影艺术; 电影业; 电影
分布：电影院(99%)，拍摄(1%)
→来自keie,动，运动，词源同cite,conation（意动）。
n.电影院;电影,影片In the cinema the medicine immediately remedied the medium.在电影院里这种药立刻拯救了中间人.
noun
 ESSENTIAL countable mainly UK (US usually movie theater)
■a theatre where people pay to watch films 电影院
• The town no longer has a cinema. 小镇已不再有电影院了。
• a cinema ticket 电影票
the cinema mainly UK (US usually the movies)
■the business of making films 电影业
• He was well-known for his work in the cinema. 他因在电影业的成就而闻名。
go to the cinema (US Australian also go to the movies)
■to go to watch a film 去看电影
picture, film, cinema, movie
这组词都有“电影”的意思，其区别是：
picture: 从原义指银幕或电视屏幕上的图像引申指影片。
film: 指电影、影片，普通用词。
cinema: 与the连用指(上映的)电影，电影工业；可指电影院；在英国与the连用还可指电影艺术。
movie: 美国英语中的口语用词。
n. [电影] 电影；电影院；电影业，电影制作术
 - film, motion picture

Word: ragged
Front: ragged
[ˈrægɪd] (托雅宝 8166/7989 -1)
Vocabulary: ragged
(once / 484 pages)
adj
Something that's ragged is starting to fall apart. When your favorite sweater is getting ragged, it's so worn that the sleeves are fraying.
You'll often see ragged describing clothing or a person's tendency to dress in torn, ratty clothes. Your grandmother might talk about the ragged little boy in her neighborhood, who always wears a dirty t-shirt and jeans with holes in the knees. You might put on your comfortable sweatpants only to realize they've gotten a little ragged, frayed around the waistband.
WORD FAMILY
ragged: raggeder, raggedest, raggedly, raggedness+/ rag: ragged, ragging, rags
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vets believe this casing’s ragged contours scraped along the edges of Wallis’ wound, preventing it from healing until the foreign object was expelled.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The Impact were oddly ragged for a team that was unchanged for the 11th game in succession.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Even in possession, which Warburton emphasises, they were ragged and uncertain.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 衣着破烂的，衣衫褴褛的; 参差不齐的，凹凸不平的; 粗糙刺耳的
分布：衣衫褴褛的(59%)，粗糙的(24%)，刺耳的(14%)，不完美的(3%)
→来自 rag,破布。
【记】源于：rag（n 抹布；破布）
adjective
■(of clothes) not in good condition; torn （衣服）破旧的，破烂的，不整齐的
• The children were wearing dirty ragged clothes. 孩子们身上的衣服又脏又破。
■(of a person) untidy, dirty and wearing old torn clothes （人）邋遢的，不整洁的，衣衫褴褛的
• Two ragged children stood outside the station begging for money. 两个衣衫褴褛的孩子站在车站外乞讨。
■(especially of an edge) rough and not smooth （尤指边缘）参差不齐的；粗糙的，不规则的
• The leaves of this plant have ragged edges. 这种植物的叶子边缘参差不齐。
• The patient's breathing was ragged (= not regular) and uneven. 病人的呼吸不均匀。
• A ragged (= not straight) line of people were waiting at the bus stop. 公车车站上人们排起歪歪扭扭的长队在等车。
■not performing well, because of not being organized （表演）不协调的，没有章法的，拙劣的
• The team were rather ragged in the first half of the match, but improved in the second half. 这支球队上半场踢得相当差劲，但是下半场的表现大有起色。
adj. 衣衫褴褛的；粗糙的；参差不齐的；锯齿状的；刺耳的；不规则的
 - grinding, crude, abnormal, rough, sharp

Word: sandal
Front: sandal
[ˈsændl] (宝 8141/12270 -1)
Vocabulary: sandal
(once / 1745 pages)
n
A sandal is a lightweight, open shoe that you're most likely to wear in the summer time. If you want your toes to show, buy some sandals!
The difference between a sandal and a conventional shoe is that much of your feet are exposed when you wear sandals. Because of their strappy form, sandals are most common in the warmest months and the warmest climates. The oldest known sandals are about 10,000 years old, and the ancient Greeks commonly wore them. In fact, the word sandal comes from the Greek root sandalon.
WORD FAMILY
sandal: sandals
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were so many people in shorts or skirts and sandals.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Too poor to afford shoes, many wore plastic sandals, with mud caking their feet and toes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Though designed for hiking, the sports sandals are worn everywhere here — often with socks.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 凉鞋，草带鞋; [植]檀香木
v. 使穿上凉鞋
分布：凉鞋(82%)，檀香木(18%)
→来自古法语 sandale,凉鞋，来自拉丁语 sandalium 草鞋，木屐，来自希腊语 sandalon,草鞋， 木屐，可能来自梵语 candana,檀香木。
【记】在sand沙滩上穿sandal可以防水。
noun countable
■a light shoe, especially worn in warm weather, consisting of a bottom part held onto the foot by straps 凉鞋
• a pair of sandals 一双凉鞋
• open-toed sandals 露趾凉鞋
n. [服装] 凉鞋；檀香；檀香木；便鞋
 - santal, almug

Word: low
Front: low
[ləʊ] (中高宝 360/318 -K5)
Vocabulary: low
(once / 22 pages)
1adjnadv 2adj 3adj 4adj 5v
When you travel through a low tunnel, you might be tempted to duck your head. Something that's low is short or shallow.
Things that are less than usual can be described with the adjective low. You might be low on gas in your car, for example, or wake up with a low amount of energy. A low ceiling can be dangerous for a very tall person, and a low voice can barely be heard. You can also talk about a gloomy mood as being low. And when cows moo, whether they're feeling low or not, you can cay that they low.
WORD FAMILY
low: lowed, lower, lowest, lowing, lowness, lows+/ lower: lowered, lowering, lowermost, lowers/lowering: loweringly, lowerings/lowest: lowests/lowness: lownesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The soleus muscles are deep postural muscles and so require training of long duration and low intensity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
For many of the patients we treat, daily life is such a struggle that brushing and flossing are a low priority.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The probability of this is low as the area was secure and well-supervised.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 低的，矮小的; 楼下的，低洼的; 沮丧的; 下贱的
adv. 低声地; 谦卑地; 底下地
n. 低点; 低水平; 牛的叫声
vi. （牛）哞哞叫
时态：lowed, lowing, lows
分布：低的(53%)，低水平(11%)，低价(10%)，少的(5%)，低声地(4%)，低地(4%)，哞哞叫(3%)，低谷(3%)，卑劣的(3%)，低下地(2%)，低落的(2%)
→来自legh,躺下，放置，词源同lie,lay.引申词义低的。low 牛哞哞叫
a.低,矮;低级的,下层的,卑贱的;低声的She is in low spirits.她情绪低落.
US [loʊ] adjective adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■not measuring much from the base to the top, or close to the ground or the bottom of something 低的（地），矮的（地）；在低处（的），不高（的）
• a low fence 矮栏栅
• a low ceiling. 低矮的天花板
• When we went skiing, I only went on the lower slopes. 我们去滑雪的时候，我只在较低的山坡上滑。
• The planes fly low across enemy territory. 飞机在敌占区飞得很低。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adjective adverb
the low man on the totem pole US
■someone who has the least important position in an organization （组织中）地位低微的人；基层；底层
• He started as the low man on the totem pole and worked his way up to be manager. 他从基层做起，辛勤的工作终于使他升任经理。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adjective
LEVEL 程度
 ESSENTIAL
■below the usual level （程度）低的
• Temperatures are very low for the time of year. 对于一年中的这个时候来说，现在气温已经很低了。
• The big supermarket offers the lowest prices in town. 这家大型超级市场里的商品价格全城最低。
• These people are living on relatively low incomes. 这些人的收入水准相对比较低。
• There is a tremendous need for more low -cost housing. 低成本住宅的需求量很大。
• a low -fat diet 低脂饮食
• low -alcohol beer 低酒精啤酒
• Vegetables are generally low in (= do not contain many) calories. 通常蔬菜所含的热量比较低。
 ESSENTIAL
■producing only a small amount of sound, heat or light （声、热或光）低的，暗的，小的，少的
• They spoke in low voices so I would not hear what they were saying. 他们说话的声音很低，我听不见他们在说甚么。
• Turn the oven to a low heat. 把烤箱调到低火。
• Soft music was playing and the lights were low. 乐声轻柔，灯光昏暗。
 ESSENTIAL
■of bad quality, especially when referring to something that is not as good as it should be 低劣的，劣等的
• low standards 低劣的水准
• I have rather a low opinion of him. 我对他评价不高。
• She has very low self-esteem. 她有很强的自卑感。
be/get/run low (on sth)
■to have nearly finished a supply of something 几乎用完了，快用光了
• We're running low on milk - could you buy some more? 我们的牛奶快喝完了——你再去买一些来好吗？
• The radio batteries are running low. 收音机的电池快用完了。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adjective
NOT IMPORTANT 不重要的
■not important because of being at or near the bottom of a range of things, especially jobs or social positions （尤指职位或社会地位）低下的，卑微的
• low status jobs 低级职位
• a low priority task 非紧急的任务
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adjective
NOT HONEST 不诚实的
■not honest or fair 不诚实的；不公正的
• How low can you get? 你能堕落到甚么程度？
• That was a pretty low trick to play. 那是一种很卑鄙的伎俩。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adjective
SOUND 声音
■(of a sound or voice) near or at the bottom of the range of sounds （声音或嗓音）低的，低沉的
• He has a very low voice. 他的嗓音很低沉。
• Those low notes are played by the double bass. 那些低音是由低音提琴演奏的。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adjective
SAD 忧郁的
■unhappy 忧郁的，情绪低落的，消沉的
• Illness of any sort can leave you feeling low. 任何疾病都可能使人情绪低落。
• He seemed in low spirits. 他情绪似乎有些低落。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] verb intransitive literary
■to make the deep, long sound of a cow （牛）哞哞叫
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] noun
■a bad time in someone's life （人生的）低谷，低潮
• the highs and lows of an acting career 演艺生涯的起起落落
a new/record/all-time low
■the lowest level 新低／有记录以来的最低点
• The dollar has hit an all-time low against the Japanese yen. 美元对日元汇率已经降到了最低点。
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] noun
the lowest of the low
■people who have no moral standards and no personal qualities 人渣，无赖
UK [ləʊ] US [loʊ] adverb
■at or to a low level 低，低下，低劣
• low-paid workers 低收入工人
• Turn the oven on low. 把烤箱调到低火。
mean, shabby, cheap, low
这组词都有“卑鄙的，卑贱的，卑下的”的意思，其区别是：
mean: 暗示狠毒、贪婪、缺乏尊严感等为人们所不耻的卑鄙、自私、渺小的行为。
shabby: 指行为的不公和卑劣而使人感到不屑和轻蔑。
cheap: 侧旨人或物的品质低劣下贱。
low: 指行为卑鄙、可耻、下文明，可引申指庸俗。
adj. 低的，浅的；卑贱的；粗俗的；消沉的
 - flat, shallow
adv. 低声地；谦卑地，低下地
 - sotto voce, shamefacedly
n. 低；低价；低点；牛叫声
 - keen price

Word: lavender
Front: lavender
[ˈlævəndə(r)] (8172/9229 -1)
Vocabulary: lavender
(once / 1536 pages)
nadj
You know that sweet-smelling plant with tiny purple-blue flowers your grandmother has growing in her garden? Well that’s lavender, a sweet-smelling evergreen with 93 different species.
If you’re brave and look in your grandmother’s drawer you’ll probably find dried sachets of lavender flowers to keep her clothes smelling nice, as lavender is one of the most common natural scents of all, including an oil made from its essence. The plant has also given its name to the color lavender. So, a plant, a scent and a color — not bad for one little shrub!
WORD FAMILY
lavender: lavenders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quality of the beer also varied widely: For every delicate lavender saison, there was a wheat beer that just didn’t taste right.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Despite the eighty-six-degree heat, he wore a gray suit, a lavender dress shirt, a purple tie, and a City Council lapel pin.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
The wide lapels of her blue, A-line dress smelled of lavender.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 熏衣草; 淡紫色
adj. 淡紫色的
vt. 用熏衣草熏
分布：熏衣草(49%)，淡紫色(46%)，用薰衣草薰香(5%)
→可能来自拉丁语lividus,蓝色，青紫色，词源同livid.或来自leu,冲洗，涌出，词源同lavatory,dilute,antediluvian.因这种花草用于洗手间的清香剂而得名。
US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
PLANT 植物
■a plant which has grey-green leaves like needles and small, pale purple flowers with a strong smell, or its dried flowers and stems which have a pleasant smell 薰衣草
• a lavender bush 薰衣草丛
UK ['læv.ɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
COLOUR 颜色
■a pale purple colour 淡紫色（的）
UK ['læv.ɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] adjective
■of a pale purple colour 淡紫色（的）
n. 薰衣草；淡紫色
 - lavande, lila
adj. 淡紫色的
 - violescent, orchid

Word: ubiquitous
Front: ubiquitous
[ju:ˈbɪkwɪtəs] (宝 8148/10091 -1)
Vocabulary: ubiquitous
(once / 3076 pages)
adj
It's everywhere! It's everywhere! When something seems like it's present in all places at the same time, reach for the adjective ubiquitous.
"Cities like Singapore aim to cloak themselves in ubiquitous, free Wi-Fi in the next few years," The Wall Street Journal reported recently — meaning that those savvy Singaporeans will find a wireless connection everywhere they go. The word, comes from the Latin ubique, meaning — you guessed it — "everywhere." The usual pronunciation is "yoo-BIK-wih-tihs," but Joseph Heller must have had the older variant "ooh-BIK-wih-tihs" in mind when he wrote in Catch-22 that a character "padded through the shadows fruitlessly like an ubiquitous spook."
WORD FAMILY
ubiquitous: ubiquitously, ubiquitousness+/ ubiquity: ubiquities, ubiquitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a ubiquitous, cross-border commons, it often defies notions of state sovereignty.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The second ugly event is the continuation of the ubiquitous misinformation on climate change.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Once this technology is commonplace and driverless cars are ubiquitous, those numbers will shrink to a tiny fraction of what they are today.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 无所不在的; 普遍存在的
分布：到处存在的(100%)
→ubi, 哪里，-quit, 任意的。即无处不在的。
无处不在的(ubi地方+quit+ous→自由地进入任何地方)[Quit=free,表示"自由"]
【记】ubi＝ubisoft，quitous－ubisoft是一个软件游戏公司－无所不在的ubi（conj 无论在哪里；无论何时），quit（v 离开），ous：无论在哪里都要离开，因为敌人是无所不在的。
【反】unique（adj 唯一的；独特的）
US [-wə.tˌəs] formal or humorous
adjective
■seeming to be in all places 普遍存在的，似乎无处不在的
• Leather is very much in fashion this season, as of course is the ubiquitous denim. 皮装在这个季节非常流行，当然牛仔服也似乎无处不在。
• The Swedes are not alone in finding their language under pressure from the ubiquitous spread of English. 不仅仅是瑞典人感觉到了自己的语言正承受着英语无处不在所带来的压力。
• The radio, that most ubiquitous of consumer-electronic appliances, is about to enter a new age. 作为使用最普遍的消费电器，收音机将进入一个新时代。
adj. 普遍存在的；无所不在的
 - omnipresent, illocal

Word: solitude
Front: solitude
[ˈsɒlɪtju:d] (研托宝 8164/10264 -1)
Vocabulary: solitude
(once / 326 pages)
n
Solitude is the state of being alone. You might crave solitude after spending the holidays with your big, loud family — you want nothing more than to get away from everyone for a little while.
Solitude can also refer to a place where you're completely alone. The middle of the woods, the top of a big mountain, the middle of a vast desert, even your room — these are places where you might go for solitude. Solitude comes from the Latin word solitudinem, which means "loneliness," but if you have moments of solitude that doesn't necessarily mean you're lonely. The word solitude carries the sense that you're enjoying being alone by choice.
WORD FAMILY
solitude: solitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Akay uses those rare moments of solitude to write letters home.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In “The Labyrinth of Solitude,” the Mexican poet Octavio Paz described his country’s revolution as an existential event, liberating and channeling enormous energies of self-discovery.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
There’s a sense of genuine solitude in the best letters in “The Correspondence.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 单独，孤独; 偏僻处，隐居处; 幽静（的地方），荒野
分布：孤独(87%)，独居(10%)，幽静的地方(2%)，荒僻之地(1%)
→sol-,单独的，独自的，-itude,名词后缀。引申词义独处，独居。
孤独(sol+itude)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
孤独(sol单个)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
【记】sol＝sole孤独，itude表示状态
US ['sɑ:.lə.tu:d] noun uncountable
■the situation of being alone without other people 独处，独居
• a life of solitude 独居的生活
• After months of solitude at sea it felt strange to be in company. 在海上独居了几个月之后，对有人陪伴感到有些不适应。
• It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. 它为人们提供了幽居独处、玄思冥想的机会。
n. 孤独；隐居；荒僻的地方
 - privacy, loneliness

Word: drunken
Front: drunken
[ˈdrʌŋkən] (8167/7718 -1)
Back: adj. 酒醉的; 常醉的; 酗酒的
分布：喝醉的(76%)，常醉的(24%)
['drʌŋ.kən] disapproving
adjective [before noun]
■describes someone who is (often) under the influence of alcohol 常醉酒的；醉醺醺的；酗酒的
• She was convicted of murdering her drunken and allegedly violent husband. 她因谋杀丈夫而获罪，她丈夫经常酗酒，据说还有家庭暴力行为。
• Just before midnight, the square filled up with drunken revellers. 将近午夜的时候，广场上到处都是醉醺醺的狂欢者。
■describes a situation in which a lot of alcohol has been drunk 醉酒引起的
• a drunken brawl 酒后争斗
• He came home and fell into a drunken stupor (= sleep). 他醉醺醺地回到家里倒头就睡。
adj. 喝醉的；酒醉的；常醉的
 - preserved, squiffed

Word: square
Front: square
[skweə(r)] (中高研四六托雅宝 2747/1802 -K4)
Vocabulary: square
(once / 69 pages)
1nadjadvv 2n 3nv 4adjadv 5nadj 6adjv 7adj 8v
A square is a figure with four equal sides and four right angles. It's a popular shape for windows and record albums, among many other things.
Square has many different metaphorical uses. Old towns had square open areas for meetings, so now "town square" means meeting place, even if it's not shaped exactly like a square. If you settle your debts, you square them, and if someone calls you a square, they mean you're boring, rule-abiding, and lame. In math, a square is the product of something multiplied by itself. If you square your plans with someone, you line them up.
WORD FAMILY
square: squared, squarely, squareness, squarer, squares, squarest, squaring, squarish+/squareness: squarenesses/squarish: squarishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The video broadcast on Turkish television Tuesday shows the alleged gunman filming himself at Taksim square.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The work also included adding nearly 13,000 square feet of interior space and remodeling about 20,000 square feet of the existing terminal.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Raiders and Texans square off Saturday in a playoff game that might be called The Quarterback Bowl.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 正方形; 广场; 平方; 方格
adj. 成直角的; 平方的; （尤指在生意上）公平的; 正方形的
adv. 四四方方地; 成直角地; 正直地; 坚定地
vt. 使成正方形; 使成直角; 检测…的角度; 调整，改正
vi. 一致; 成方形
时态：squared, squaring, squares
分布：平方(43%)，广场(36%)，正方形(11%)，正方形的(3%)，一致(2%)，结清(1%)，调整(1%)，成直角(1%)，使成平方(1%)，直角尺(1%)
n.正方形;广场a.正方形的v.使成方形I'm rarely aware that the square area is bare.我很少觉察到那个正方形区域是光秃秃的.
US [skwer] noun countable
SHAPE 形状
 ESSENTIAL
■a flat shape with four sides of equal length and four angles of 90° 正方形，四方形
• First draw a square. 首先画一个正方形。
• It's a square-shaped room. 这是个正方形的房间。
 ESSENTIAL
■any square-shaped object 正方形物，四方形物
• When cooled, cut the chocolate brownies into squares. 冷却之后，将巧克力蛋糕切成四方块。
 IMPROVER
■an area of approximately square-shaped land in a city or a town, often including the buildings that surround it （城镇中的）广场（常包括周围的建筑）
• Are they still living at 6 Eaton Square? 他们还住在伊顿广场六号吗？
• A band were playing in the town square. 一个乐队当时正在镇广场上演出。
■a particular space on a board used for playing games （游戏中棋盘的）格
• She moved her castle forward three squares. 她把自己的车向前走了三格。
■US
■a tool for drawing or testing a right angle 直角尺，丁字尺
UK [skweər] US [skwer] noun countable
BORING PERSON 乏味的人 old-fashioned informal
■a boring person who does not like new and exciting ideas 古板的人；老古板
• He's a bit of a square. 他有点古板。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] noun countable
MULTIPLY 乘
■the result of multiplying a number by itself 使成平方；使成二次幂
• The square of 7 is 49. 7的平方是49。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] noun countable
go / be back to square one informal ADVANCED
■to be forced to think of a new course of action because your first course of action failed 被迫从头做起；回到起点
• The deal with the house fell through so I'm afraid we're back to square one. 这栋房子的交易失败了，恐怕我们得从头再来。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] adjective
SHAPE 形状
 ESSENTIAL
■having the shape of a square 正方形的，四方形的
• The recipe recommends that you use a square cake tin. 食谱建议使用方形蛋糕烤盘。
• He's got that square-jawed masculinity that a lot of women seem to find attractive. 他有个刚毅的方下巴，这在许多女人眼中似乎很有吸引力。
■(written abbreviation sq) (specialized 2)
■used with units of measurement of length to express the total size of an area （与长度单位连用）平方的
• The floor is 3 metres wide by 5 metres long so its total area is 15 sq metres. 房间的地面是3米宽5米长，总面积是15平方米。
• The city itself covers thirteen square miles. 该城市占地13平方哩。
• specialized Ensure that the exposed area is less than 2cm 2. 要确保暴露在外的面积小于二平方厘米。
■Square is used immediately after measurements of length when expressing the length of the four sides of a square-shaped area （紧接长度单位后）…见方
• So you want carpet for a room that's eight metres square (= 8 metres long and 8 metres wide). 因此你需要八米见方的室内地毯。
the Square Mile UK * the City
UK [skweər] US [skwer] adjective
EQUAL 相等的 informal
■equal or level 正的；相等的；水准的
• Could you stand back from these shelves and tell me if they're square (= level) ? 你能不能往后站一点，告诉我这些架子摆得正不正？
(all) square informal
■If two people are all square, one of them has paid off a debt to the other and neither now owes or is owed any money. 两清的，互不欠账的
■If two teams or players are (all) square, they have an equal number of goals or points 平局的（如果两队或两运动员呈平局，他们的进球数或分数相等）
• They're all square at thirty points each. 他们打成平局，每个都是30分。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] adjective
STRAIGHT 直的
■in a straight line 直线的，笔直的
UK [skweər] US [skwer] adjective
BORING PERSON 乏味的人 old-fashioned informal
■describes a person who is boring and does not like new and exciting things 乏味的；古板守旧的（描述某人是令人厌烦的，不喜欢新的、刺激性的事物）
• Do you think my new haircut makes me look a bit square? 你觉得我的新发型是不是让我看起来有点古板？
UK [skweər] US [skwer] adjective
square peg (in a round hole) informal
■a person whose character makes them unsuitable for the job or other position they are in 不适其所者；方枘圆凿； 不适合的人选
• He never quite fitted in when he was working here - he was always a bit of a square peg. 他在这里工作时一直都没完全适应——总有点格格不入的。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
MULTIPLY 乘
transitive
■to multiply a number by itself 使成平方；使成二次幂
• 10 squared equals a hundred. 10的平方是100。
• 4 2 means four squared, and equals 16. 4的二次方就是4的平方，等于16。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
SHAPE 形状
square your shoulders
■to pull your shoulders up and back because you feel determined to do something （表示决心已定）挺起胸膛，挺直身子
• He squared his shoulders and took a deep breath before diving into the pool. 他挺直肩膀，做了个深呼吸，然后潜入了游泳池。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
square the accounts/books
■to make certain that you have paid and received all the money that you owed or that others owed you 结清账目
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
square the circle
■If you try to square the circle, you try to do something which is very difficult or impossible. 试图做非常困难（或不可能）的事
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  square off US
■to prepare to fight, compete or argue with someone 摆好架势（准备迎战）
• The two giants in the fast-food industry are squaring off this month with the most aggressive advertising campaigns yet. 本月速食业两大龙头展开了异常激烈的广告攻势，拉开阵势准备一决高下。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  square up
FIGHT UK to prepare to fight, compete or argue with someone 摆好架势（准备迎战）
• The players squared up to each other and started shouting. 双方选手摆开阵势，开始大喊大叫。
PAY informal
■to pay someone the money that you owe them 结帐；付清欠款
• If you pay for both tickets now, I'll square up with you later. 你现在把两张票的钱都付了，我过会儿再跟你把钱结清。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  square up to sb/sth UK (US face up to sb/sth)
■to deal with a problem or difficult person bravely and with determination 勇敢面对；毅然应对
• I thought she squared up to the situation admirably. 我认为她勇敢面对这种情况，令人钦佩。
UK [skweər] US [skwer] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  square (sth) with sth
■to match or agree with something, or to think that one thing is acceptable together with another thing （使）与…相符，（使）与…一致；符合
• Her story doesn't quite square with the evidence. 她的说法与证据不太吻合。
• I don't think I could spend that much money on a jacket - I couldn't square it with my conscience (= I would feel too guilty). 我觉得我不可能花那么多钱买一件夹克——我会感到良心不安的。
adj. 平方的； [数] 正方形的；直角的；正直的
 - straight, just, orthogonal
vt. 使成方形；与…一致
 - accord with, jibe with
vi. 一致； [数] 成方形
 - cotton, identify, coincide
n. 平方；广场； [数] 正方形
 - plaza, concourse

Word: dissent
Front: dissent
[dɪˈsent] (宝 8162/8756 -2)
Vocabulary: dissent
(once / 428 pages)
nv
To dissent is to publicly disagree with an official opinion or decision. Dissent is also a noun referring to public disagreement.
Both verb and noun are often used in reference to a statement by a judge who disagrees with a decision made by other judges. Dissent is also used to refer to political opposition to government policies. The verb derives from Middle English, from Latin dissentire, from the prefix dis- "apart" plus sentire "to feel."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
decent / descent / dissent
Decent is all buttoned up. Descent has all the fun because it gets to climb down a mountain. Dissent is what you do when the glee club wants to get matching red outfits but you like purple.
Decent, pronounced "DEE-sent," means "socially acceptable." It's also an old fashioned way to say "polite." These days if you ask someone if she's decent, you probably don't care if she went to finishing school, you're just wondering if she's dressed so you can come in. Decent can also mean good but not excellent. Have it both ways:
He's a decent old chap, but isn't at home much. (Bertram Mitford)
"We're going to work hard out there, and earn a decent living." (New York Times)
Descent, pronounced "dih-SENT," means the act of moving downward, either physically or socially, like an evil cartoon character's descent into the underworld, or a villain's descent into madness, or even your descent into the subway station or down a mountain:
There are a few nasty, short climbs, but several long descents too. (Guardian)
Descent can also refer to a person's cultural background. Makes sense if you think about going down the family tree:
The women, U.S. citizens of Somali descent, are charged with conspiracy to provide material support to a foreign terrorist organization. (Washington Post)
Finally, dissent, also pronounced "dih-SENT" is to pipe up against popular opinion.
It can refer to an opinion that differs from an official or popularly held one.To dissent is to voice such an opinion. There are shades of meaning, but it always means to go against the grain:
Mr. Putin, who has rarely faced public dissent in his 11 years in power, appeared momentarily taken aback, but quickly recovered and finished his statement. (New York Times)
Mrs. Twining curled her mouth in bitter dissent. (Edgar Fawcett)
To recap: decent is fine and you're dressed, descent is to go down down down, and dissent is when you're opinion doesn't mesh with others.
WORD FAMILY
dissent: dissension, dissented, dissenter, dissentient, dissenting, dissentious, dissents+/ dissension: dissensions/dissenter: dissenters/dissenting: dissentingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic centralism still prevails—exemplified by the party’s monopoly on power, Xi Jinping’s autocratic rule and the suppression of dissent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Amid the positivity, there were some dissenting voices.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Malaysian government leaders said the country remains open to dissent and critics are trying to destabilize it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 意见的分歧，异议; 〈英〉反对国教; 〈集合词〉不信奉国教者
vi. 不同意，持异议; 不信奉国教
时态：dissented, dissenting, dissents
分布：异议(84%)，持异议(16%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-sent, 感觉，想法，词源同sense, assent. 即不一样的想法，异议。
持不同意见(dis分开+sent→感觉不合→意见不同)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
【记】dis不同，sent感觉－感觉不同－不同意
【参】assent（v 同意）；sentiment（n 多愁善感；情感）；dissenter（n 不同意者；不服从国教者）
【反】concur（v 同时发生；同意）；conform（vt 使一致；使顺从）
[dɪ'sent] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■strong difference of opinion on a particular subject; disagreement, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief （尤指对正式建议、计划或普遍看法的）不同意，异议
• When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent. 在通过该项提案的时候，有一两个人表示不同意。
Compare assent
[dɪ'sent] slightly formal
verb intransitive
■to disagree with other people about something 不同意，持有异议
• Anyone wishing to dissent from the motion should now raise their hand. 不同意此项动议的人请举手。
vi. 不同意；不信奉国教
 - to disapprove of, disagree with
n. 异议；（大写）不信奉国教
 - exception, demurral

Word: sculptor
Front: sculptor
[ˈskʌlptə(r)] (托宝 8171/8240 -1)
Back: n. 雕刻家，雕塑家; [天]玉夫座; 雕刻（塑）工人
分布：雕刻家(100%)
→sculpt-,雕刻，雕塑，-or,人。
【记】源于：sculp（v 雕刻）
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■someone who creates sculptures 雕塑家；雕刻家
• Henry Moore, who died in 1986, is one of Britain's best-known sculptors. 1986年去世的亨利‧摩尔是英国最著名的雕塑家之一。
n. 雕刻家
 - structurer

Word: Kurd
Front: Kurd
[kɜː(r)d] (8147/13282)
Back: n. 库尔德人（西亚的游牧民族）
分布：库德人(100%)
US [kɝ:d] noun countable
■a member of a nomadic (= moving from place to place) race who live mainly in eastern Turkey, western Iran and northern Iraq 库德人（主要居住在土耳其东部、伊朗西部和伊拉克北部的游牧民族）

Word: haze
Front: haze
[heɪz] (托 8157/10375 -1)
Vocabulary: haze
(once / 566 pages)
1nv 2v
Haze is the fog or mist that's caused by small particles in the air. There is often a haze hovering over the city of Los Angeles.
Although the noun haze can describe any kind of misty or slightly obscured air, it usually refers to visible air pollution, rather than just fog. You can also talk about being in a haze when you're confused or disoriented. When you hear haze being used as a verb, it usually means to torment a new, young recruit to a club, group, team, the way fraternity brothers sometimes haze a new member, forcing him to perform humiliating or dangerous actions.
WORD FAMILY
haze: hazed, hazes, hazing, hazy +/ hazy: hazier, haziest, hazily, haziness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other images, the distant mountains are wrapped in haze.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
“New Year’s morning in Beijing, I thought I was blind,” said another, attaching a photo of a window completely darkened with grey haze.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Additionally, all new pledges must complete an online hazing prevention course.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 烟雾; 迷蒙; 迷糊; 疑惑
vt. & vi. （使）笼罩在薄雾中; 使变朦胧; 使变糊涂
vt. 戏弄; 欺凌; 骑马放牧
时态：hazed, hazing, hazes
分布：薄雾(73%)，变模糊(11%)，迷糊(8%)，戏弄(8%)
→可能来自hazy的回构词。
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  haze over
■If the sky hazes over, the air becomes less clear because of something such as heat or smoke （天空）变朦胧，变模糊
• The sky began to haze over during the afternoon. 下午天气开始变得朦胧起来。
[heɪz] noun countable or uncountable
■when the air is not very clear because of something such as heat or smoke, making it difficult to see well 雾气；烟雾（霭、霾）
• The road through the desert shimmered in the haze. 穿越沙漠的道路透过雾气散发出微光。
• I saw her through a haze of cigarette smoke. 我透过一片香烟的烟雾看见了她。
n. 阴霾；薄雾；疑惑
 - doubt, mist
vi. 变朦胧；变糊涂
 - gloam

Word: mince
Front: mince
[mɪns] (托宝 8153/12831 -1)
Vocabulary: mince
(once / 1360 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
To mince is to chop into tiny bits. Your favorite soup recipe might include directions to mince four cloves of garlic.
When you dice an onion into very small pieces, you mince it, and when you grind meat very fine to make sausage or mincemeat, you also mince. Another meaning of the verb is to soften, or to express something in a gentle way: "She does mince her words when she talks to shy kindergarteners." The Old French root, mincier, means "make into small pieces," and it comes from the Latin word for "small," minutus.
WORD FAMILY
mince: minced, mincer, minces, mincing +/mincer: mincers/ mincing: mincingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sweat the onion, minced garlic, red pepper flakes and paprika for 3 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Here she uses stout, along with whole grain mustard, garlic, minced thyme, malt vinegar, grated Parmesan and soy sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
My latest iteration contains broken bits of mince pies and sultanas plumped in brandy.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 切碎，剁碎; 委婉的说
vi. 碎步走; 装腔作势地说
n. 绞碎的肉，肉末
时态：minced, mincing, minces
分布：肉馅(45%)，切碎(29%)，切碎物(12%)，小步走路(7%)，粉碎(7%)
→来自古法语mincier,使成碎片，来自拉丁语minutus,小的，词源同minute,minus.引申词义绞肉，后用于形容人的装模作样，矫揉造作。
【记】min小，ce－切小，切碎－碎步走
【参】minute（adj 微小的）；minutia（n 细微末节）；mincing（adj 碎步走的，装腔作势的）；miniature（n 缩小的模型；adj 微型的）
noun uncountable UK (US ground beef)
■meat, usually beef , which has been cut up into very small pieces 剁碎的（牛）肉，（牛）肉末
[mɪnts] verb
WALK 走
intransitive
■to walk in an artificial way, with small delicate steps 假斯文地迈着小步走
• He minced across the room in a pair of tight pink trousers. 他穿着紧身粉红色裤子，扭扭捏捏地迈着小步穿过那个房间。
[mɪnts] verb
MEAT 肉
transitive
■to cut meat, or other food, into very small pieces, sometimes using a special machine 切碎，剁碎，绞碎
• Mince two pounds of chicken finely. 把两磅鸡肉细细剁碎。
[mɪnts] verb
not mince (your) words
■to say what you mean clearly and directly, even if you upset people by doing this 直截了当地说，直言不讳
• The report does not mince words, describing the situation as 'ludicrous'. 这篇报道没有婉转措辞，而是直接把事态描述为“荒唐”。
vt. 切碎；矫揉做作地说
 - to chop, to cut up
vi. 装腔作势；碎步走
 - assume, attitudinize

Word: scenery
Front: scenery
[ˈsi:nəri] (高研四六托雅 8152/6478 -1)
Vocabulary: scenery
(once / 437 pages)
n
Scenery is a word for how a place looks, especially a beautiful, outdoorsy place. Also, scenery is fake background in a play.
If you go to a place with mountains, and beautiful trees, and gorgeous skies, then it's got great scenery. Scenery is the stuff you can look at outside. If a place is plain, ugly, or desolate, you might say, "Not much scenery." Also, painters and set designers create scenery for plays. In theater, scenery could represent anything: buildings, trees, or the inside of a house. If a play has a lot of different settings, then it needs a lot of scenery.
WORD FAMILY
scenery: sceneries+/ scene: scenery, scenes, scenic / scenic: scenically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as he surveyed the spectacular scenery, with Slieve League mountain in the background and the quaint little harbour, Byrne also struck a cautious note.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“I said, ‘Gee, this is all outdoor scenery,’ ” he recalled in a video interview years afterward, adding: “I said, ‘Gee, I’m a landscape painter!’
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I said, ‘Gee, this is all outdoor scenery,’” he recalled in a video interview years afterward, adding: “I said, ‘Gee, I’m a landscape painter!’”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 风景，景色; 舞台布景; 风景画; 舞台面
分布：风景(82%)，布景(14%)，背景(4%)
→scene,景色，风光，-ery,名词后缀。
n.风景,舞台布景The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.山里的景色非常美.
US [-nɚ-] noun uncountable
COUNTRYSIDE 乡村
 ADVANCED
■the general appearance of the natural environment, especially when it is beautiful 风景，景色
• beautiful/breathtaking/spectacular scenery 美丽的／慑魂的／壮观的景色
• They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery. 他们在山顶上停了下来，欣赏起风景来。
UK ['si:.nər.i] US [-nɚ-] noun uncountable
THEATRE 剧院
■the large painted pictures used on a theatre stage to represent the place where the action is （剧院的）舞台布景
UK ['si:.nər.i] US [-nɚ-] noun uncountable
blend into the scenery
■to behave in the same way as people around you, so that you are not noticed 融入周围环境中，使自己不引人注目
sight, scene, scenery, view, landscape
这组词都有“景色、风景”的意思，其区别是：
sight: 侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。
scene: 指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。
scenery: 指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。
view: 普通和词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。
landscape: 多指在内陆的自然风光。
n. 风景；景色；舞台布景
 - landscape, view, picture, prospect, outlook

Word: scenic
Front: scenic
[ˈsi:nɪk] (托 8163/12394 -1)
Vocabulary: scenic
(once / 3601 pages)
adj
Something scenic is lush and beautiful to look at, like a mountain range.
A pretty sight can be called a beautiful scene, and you can refer to amazing, gorgeous sights as scenic. Niagara Falls and the Grand Canyon are two of the most scenic landmarks in the world; that's why so many tourists go to see them. A drive through the country, with open fields, farm life, and mountain ranges is scenic. Scenic sights are natural. You need to get out of the city or suburbs to get a scenic view.
WORD FAMILY
scenic: scenically+/ scene: scenery, scenes, scenic / scenery: sceneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The church’s location in a scenic downtown also is a highlighted feature.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But don’t limit yourself to just one scenic hike: See them all.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Today’s actions will help protect this cultural legacy and will ensure that future generations are able to enjoy and appreciate these scenic and historic landscapes.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 风景优美的; 舞台的; 戏剧性的; 布景的，背景的
n. 风景照片; 风景胜地; 实景电影
分布：风景好的(56%)，戏剧性的(44%)
→scene,舞台场景，-ic,形容词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
adjective
■having or allowing you to see beautiful natural features 风景优美的
• an area of outstanding scenic beauty 风景优美的地区
• a scenic drive/railway 风景优美的公路／铁路
• We took the scenic route home. 我们回家走了一条风景优美的路。
adj. 风景优美的；舞台的；戏剧的
 - dramatic, theatrical

Word: cosmos
Front: cosmos
[ˈkɒzmɒs] (六宝 8156/15121 -1)
Vocabulary: cosmos
(once / 3211 pages)
1n 2n
The cosmos is the sum total of everything — pretty big. It's hard to wrap your mind around the cosmos, as it extends far beyond the Milky Way, or far-off galaxies, or even our own universe.
Cosmos is originally a Greek word, meaning both "order" and "world," because the ancient Greeks thought that the world was perfectly harmonious and impeccably put in order. We now use cosmos without the idea of perfect order. Now it means, "all of creation," and particularly on the scale of the stars, the planets, the black holes, the other universes, and all the stuff we don't know about. It's also, totally separately, the name of a pretty, flowering Mexican herb.
WORD FAMILY
cosmos: cosmoses
USAGE EXAMPLES
While fighting these battles on Earth, Dr. Rubin peered into the cosmos and examined the rotation of more than 200 galaxies.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
For the first quarter of a million years, the cosmos was hidden from astronomers.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“Our whole planet suddenly, in this image, seemed tiny, vulnerable, and incredibly lonely against the vast blackness of the cosmos,” Petsko wrote.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 宇宙; 一个有序的整体; 大波斯菊
分布：宇宙(100%)
→来自词根cosm, 安排，整理，秩序。词义宇宙，特别是做为一个整体有序体系的宇宙，据称来自于古希腊词哲学家和数学家毕达哥拉斯最早使用。
宇宙[cosnt=world,表示"世界,宇宙"]
N-SING
宇宙
The cosmos is the universe.
例：...the natural laws of the cosmos.宇宙的自然规律
cosmos, space, universe
这组词都有“宇宙，太空”的意思，其区别是：
cosmos: 源于希腊语，指和谐的有秩序的宇宙，与chaos(天地开辟前的浑沌状态)相对。
space: 指大气层或太阳系之外的极高的天空，即太空之意。
universe: 指包括地球及其他天体的广大空间。
n. [天] 宇宙；和谐；秩序；大波斯菊
 - universe, accordance, world, peace, concert

Word: grove
Front: grove
[grəʊv] (六宝 7155/6481 -2)
Vocabulary: grove
(once / 422 pages)
n
A grove can be an orchard or a clump of trees that doesn't have much undergrowth and occupies a contained area, like an orange grove or a small shady grove of oak trees where you can have a picnic.
You wouldn't call a forest or a large woods a grove — that's too big. And you wouldn't call two or three trees a grove either — that's too small. A grove is somewhere in between. You'll often hear the word refer to a group of trees cultivated by humans, often for commercial purposes, such as an apple grove planted to supply produce to grocery stores.
WORD FAMILY
grove
USAGE EXAMPLES
Halfway to their destination — a Holiday Inn in Elk Grove, Calif. — they asked Avila to turn up the music, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Silicon Valley saw a giant depart in Andrew S. Grove, who led the semiconductor revolution at Intel.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And maybe the computer elite here will continue to grow and prosper, and I am only channeling my inner Andy Grove.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 小树林; 果树林，果园
分布：小树林(96%)，果树园(4%)
→来自古英语graf, 树丛。词源不详，可能同group.
【记】grow five－只长五棵树－小树林
【参】groove（n 唱片等的凹槽）；联想中间的2个OOgrovel（v 奴颜婢膝）一起记
US [groʊv] noun countable
■a group of trees planted close together 树丛，小树林
• Orange groves grow around the village. 村子周围是一些柑橘园。
Grove
■used in some road and place names （用于道路名或地方名）路，街，园
• Camberwell Grove 坎伯威尔路
UK [grəʊv] US [groʊv] noun countable
the groves of academe
■universities considered as a whole （总称）大学，大学院校
• It's yet another novel set in the groves of academe. 这是又一部以大学为背景的小说。
bushes, jungle, forest, plantation, woods, grove
这组词都有“林，树林”的意思，其区别是：
bushes: 指灌木丛，矮树林。
jungle: 特指热带的丛林。
forest: 多指树木高大，面积大、人迹罕至的原始森林。
plantation: 指人造林。
woods: 指面积不大的树林或小块的树林。
grove: 通常指面积较小，树木整齐，地面干净的小树林，尤指果林。
n. [林] 小树林；果园
 - bosket, orchard garden

Word: inch
Front: inch
[ɪntʃ] (中高研四六宝 8178/2158 -K3)
Vocabulary: inch
(once / 86 pages)
nv
An inch is a small unit of measurement. Twelve inches makes one foot.
You might get an inch of your hair cut off, or hem your jeans so they're an inch shorter. Some countries use centimeters and meters as units of measurement, but if you measure in inches, you can order a twelve inch pizza or print out three by five inch photos. When inch is used as a verb, it means "to creep slowly forward." The Old English version was ynce, from the Latin uncia, "a twelfth part."
WORD FAMILY
inch: inched, inches, inching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Precipitation during that period totaled just 38.79 inches — roughly half of the normal amount.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"It's only small - about three quarters of an inch - and it's jet black with very fine little pincers. "
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s nearly 3 inches and 45 pounds more than the Western Michigan defensive front.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 英寸（相当于 2.54 厘米，一英尺有12英寸）; 少量，少许; 身高
vt. 使缓慢地移动
vi. 缓慢移动; 渐进
时态：inched, inching, inches
分布：英寸(97%)，少量(2%)，慢慢移动(1%)
→来自拉丁语uncia,一，十二分之一，词源同one.即十二分之一英尺，一英寸。比较ounce.
n.英寸From the tiny tin pin, the spinner pinched off an inch.纺纱工从小锡别针上掐掉一英寸.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a unit used for measuring length, which is approximately equal to 2.54 centimetres, sometimes shown by the symbol ″ 英寸（约合2.54厘米，有时用符号''表示）
• Twelve inches are equal to one foot. 12英寸等于1英尺。
• He had a cut an inch long above his left eye. 他左眼上方有一道一英寸长的伤口。
• The snow was six inches deep in some places. 有些地方积雪有六英寸深。
• a piece of wood 2″ by 2″ 一块两英寸见方的木块
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
by inches
■very closely or only just 差一点；几乎
• The car skidded and I avoided the dog by inches (= I very nearly hit the dog). 汽车打滑，我差点撞到那只狗。
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
come within an inch of sth
■to very nearly do something, especially something dangerous or exciting 距（尤指危险或令人激动之事）仅差一点
• I came within an inch of losing my life on the rocks below. 我差点掉到下面的岩石上丧命。
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
every inch
■exactly like 非常像
• She looked every inch a vampire in her costume. 她穿那身装束看起来真像吸血鬼。
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
every inch of sth/somewhere
■all of a thing or place 全部；整个，到处
• Every inch of her bedroom wall is covered with photos of pop stars. 她睡房墙上贴满了流行歌星的照片。
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
inch by inch
■in great detail and in many very small stages 一点一点地
• Detectives searched the area around the murder scene inch by inch. 侦探一点一点仔细搜查了谋杀现场的周边地区。
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
not give/budge/move an inch
■to not change your opinion 寸步不让
• She's definite that she wants to do it, and she'll not give an inch, however hard you try to persuade her. 她决意要做那件事，你无论怎样劝她都不会改变心意。
[ɪntʃ] noun countable
Give someone an inch and they'll take a mile. saying
■said about someone who has been given a small amount of power or freedom to do something, and then has tried to get a lot more 得寸进尺
[ɪntʃ] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to move very slowly or in a lot of short stages 缓慢地移动
• We are inching towards an agreement. 我们在慢慢努力达成共识。
• Share prices inched up/higher during the day. 今日股价缓慢攀升。
• Residents watched the flames inch closer and closer. 居民看着火舌一步步逼近。
n. 英寸；身高；少许
 - height, little, touch
vi. 慢慢前进
 - worm

Word: disconnect
Front: disconnect
[ˌdɪskəˈnekt] (托 8173/11279 -1)
Vocabulary: disconnect
(once / 2137 pages)
vn
When you disconnect something, you detach or separate it from something else. If you work plowing driveways during the winter, you need to disconnect the plow from your truck in the spring.
You can disconnect toy train cars, and you can also disconnect your laptop from its charger. In fact, unplugging electrical appliances is another way to disconnect something. Disconnect also means a lack of understanding or connection. So there might be a disconnect between you and your brother, or between what a politician promises to do and what she actually does. Disconnect combines dis-, "the opposite of" with connect, from the Latin conectere, "join together."
WORD FAMILY
disconnect: disconnected, disconnecting, disconnection, disconnects+/ connect: connected, connecter, connecting, connection, connective, connector, connects, connexion, disconnect, interconnect/connected: connectedly, connectedness, unconnected / connection: connections/ connective: connectively, connectives, connectivity/connector: connectors/connexion: connexions/disconnected: disconnectedly, disconnectedness/disconnectedness: disconnectednesses/ disconnection: disconnections/interconnect: interconnected, interconnecting, interconnection, interconnects/interconnected: interconnectedness/interconnection: interconnections/ unconnected: unconnectedly, unconnectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cultural connection or disconnect: On our way to some volcanic tourist sites, we drove past several farms with small bullfighting arenas.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Phone numbers listed for those individuals were disconnected or not working.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
For food trucks, winter is the season of their disconnect.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 切断; 断开; 拆开; 使（电话线路）中断
时态：disconnected, disconnecting, disconnects
分布：断开(83%)，拆开(10%)，使分离(7%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。connect, 连接。
拆开,分离(dis分开+connect连结)[Nect,nex=bind,表示"连结"]
verb transitive
■to unfasten something, especially to break the connection between a supply of electricity, gas, water, etc. and a device or piece of equipment 切断（电、气、水等供应）
• Never try to mend a broken machine without disconnecting it from the electricity supply. 机器坏了一定要先切断电源再去修理。
■to stop supplying electricity/gas/water/telephone services, especially because money has not been paid （尤指因未缴费而）停止供应（电、气、水、电话等服务）
■If you are disconnected while speaking on the telephone, the telephone connection is suddenly broken and you can no longer continue your conversation. 使（电话）断线，将（电话）中断
vt. 拆开，使分离
 - separate, split, divorce
vi. 断开
 - trip out, key out

Word: front
Front: front
[frʌnt] (中高 1087/1185 -K5)
Vocabulary: front
(once / 35 pages)
1nadjv 2nv
The front is the side that faces outward. If you are in a battle on the eastern front, then you are in the battle the farthest east of any part of the war.
Front comes from the Latin word for forehead, and it means the side of something facing out, or the part of something (a body, a weather system, a war), that's advancing into a new territory, or frontier. A front man is someone used as a cover for questionable activity. Similarly, a front can be an activity used as a cover for some other, questionable, activity, like a Laundromat that's really a front for a mafia headquarters.
WORD FAMILY
front: forefront, frontage, frontal, fronted, fronting, frontly, frontmost, fronts+/forefront: forefronts/frontage: frontages/frontal: frontally, frontals, prefrontal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the signposts of progress that the front office is noting:
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
She became so weak that she couldn’t walk from the front door to the sidewalk.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Pearson missed the front end of the one-and-one, Robert Champion grabbed the defensive rebound and Benzan drove for the winner.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 前面; 正面; 身体前部; 前线
adj. 前面的; 正面的; 舌前的
v. 面向; 在…前面; 用…作正面; 领导
时态：fronted, fronting, fronts
分布：前面(60%)，前面的(18%)，朝向(6%)，前线(4%)，正面(4%)，面对(4%)，对付(2%)，掩护(1%)，面朝(1%)
→来自bhren, 伸出，突出，词源同brink.
a.前面的,前部的n.正面;前线,战线v.面对The front of the postcard shows a picture of a lake.明信片的正面是一个湖的照片.
noun countable usually singular
PLACE 位置
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of a building, object or person's body which faces forward or which is most often seen or used 前面；正面
• The front of the museum is very impressive. 博物馆的正面极为壮观。
• He spilt soup all down his front. 他把汤洒得前襟上都是。
• He was lying on his front. 他俯卧着。
• The shop front occupies a very prominent position on the main street. 这家商店的门脸在大街上占据了一个非常显眼的位置。
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of a vehicle which is nearest to its direction of movement （车辆的）前部
• Do you want to sit in the front (= next to the driver) ? 你想坐到前座上来吗？
• If we sit near the front of the bus, we'll have a better view. 如果我们坐在公车的前部，视野就会好一些。
 ESSENTIAL
■the outside part or cover of a book, newspaper, or magazine （书刊等的）封面；（报纸的）头版
• There was a picture of the Trevi fountain on the front of the book. 书的封面上有一张特里威喷泉的图片。
 ESSENTIAL
■one of the first pages in a book （书的）前几页中的一页
• There's an inscription in the front of the book. 书的前面一页上有题词。
in front
 ESSENTIAL
■further forward than someone or something else 在前面
• The car in front suddenly stopped and I went into the back of it. 前面的车突然停住，结果我就撞上车尾了。
• She started talking to the man in front of her. 她开始跟前面的那个男人攀谈起来。
 IMPROVER
■winning a game or competition （在比赛或竞赛中）取胜，领先
• By half time the Italians were well in front. 半场时义大利队遥遥领先。
in front of
 ESSENTIAL
■close to the front part of something 在…之前
• There's parking space in front of the hotel. 旅馆前有停车的地方。
 IMPROVER
■where someone can see or hear you 当着（某人）的面，在（某人）面前
• Please don't swear in front of the children. 当着孩子们的面请不要骂人。
up front
■If you give someone an amount of money up front, you pay them before they do something for you 预付；提前支付
• He wants all the money up front or he won't do the job. 他要求预付全款，否则他就不接这工作。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
AREA OF ACTIVITY 活动区域
■a particular area of activity （表示活动范围的）领域，阵线
• How are things on the work front (= Is the situation at work satisfactory) ? 工作前线的情况怎么样？
• She's very creative on the design front (= She is very good at design). 她在设计方面极具创造性。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
APPEARANCE 外表
countable usually singular
■the character or qualities which a person or organization appears to have in public which is different from their real character, and whose purpose is often to deceive people or hide an illegal activity （人或机构的）伪装；假装的样子
• Don't be fooled by his kindness and sensitivity - it's just a front. 别被他的善意和体贴所愚弄——那只不过是装相而已。
• She presents such a cheerful front that you'd never guess she's ill. 她看上去兴高采烈的，你根本猜不到她正病着。
• The machinery company was a front operation for arms smuggling. 那家机械公司只不过是为走私军火打掩护而已。
• Several trading companies were set up in the early 1960s to act as fronts for money-laundering operations. 20世纪60年代早期成立了几家贸易公司，目的是为洗黑钱作掩护。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
LAND 土地
countable usually singular
■land near the sea or a lake, or the part of a town near the beach which often has a wide road or path along it 海滨；湖畔；滨海（或滨湖）大道
• Let's go for a stroll along the front. 我们去海滨散散步吧。
• The company specializes in building lake-front property. 那家公司专门承建滨湖房地产项目。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
WEATHER 天气
countable specialized
■the place where two masses of air which have different temperatures meet 锋
• A cold/warm front is approaching from the west. 冷／暖锋正从西方迫近。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
out front informal
■In a theatre, if you say that someone is out front, you mean they are one of the people watching the performance 在观众席中，看演出
• Don't worry about your parents being out front tonight. 不用为你父母今晚去看演出而担心。
[frʌnt] adjective [before noun]
 ESSENTIAL
■in or at the front of something 前面的；前部的
• One of his front teeth is missing. 他的一颗门牙掉了。
• I'd like seats on the front row of the stalls. 我想要剧场前排的座位。
• a dog's front paws 狗的前爪
[frʌnt] verb
intransitive or transitive (also front onto)
■If a building or area fronts (onto) a particular place, it is near it and faces it （建筑物或地方）朝向，面向
• All the apartments front onto the sea. 所有的公寓都面向大海。
transitive
■to lead an organization or group of musicians 领导（机构）；担任（领唱或领奏）
• She fronts a large IT company. 她领导一家大型 IT 公司。
be fronted with
■If a building is fronted with something, its surface is covered with it （建筑物）表面镶以（或覆以）
• a brick house fronted on three sides with timber 三面都镶了木板的砖房
[frʌnt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  front for sth
■If a person fronts for an illegal organization, they help that organization by using their good reputation to hide its secret activities 替…打掩护；为…当幌子
• The police suspect him of fronting for a crime syndicate. 警方怀疑他为一个犯罪财团打掩护。
n. 前面；正面； [军] 前线
 - frente, facade
vt. 面对；朝向；对付
 - meet, confront
vi. 朝向
 - give upon, look out upon
adj. 前面的；正面的
 - anterior, full-face
adv. 在前面；向前
 - forth, to, ahead, along, forwards

Word: courageous
Front: courageous
[kəˈreɪdʒəs] (六 8170/9613 -1)
Vocabulary: courageous
(once / 750 pages)
adj
If you are a courageous person, you face danger or stand up against the odds without flinching. Known as "The Man without Fear," Daredevil is regarded as a very courageous superhero.
The adjective courageous derives from the Old French word corage, meaning "heart, innermost feelings, or temper." In fairytales, the courageous knight battles the fire breathing dragon to save the princess. In recognition of their courageous actions, soldiers who have been wounded or killed while serving are given the Purple Heart medal.
WORD FAMILY
courageous: courageously, courageousness+/ courage: courageous, courages, encourage / encourage: encouraged, encouragement, encourages, encouraging / encouragement: encouragements/ encouraging: encouragingly, unencouraging/unencouraging: unencouragingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This forces Republicans and Democrats to again swap positions on whether Comey is a courageous patriot or total scum.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Phelan spoke in the build up to this contest of the need to reinforce his squad with players “courageous” enough for the fight ahead.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The art of finding beauty in destruction is a rare and courageous skill.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 勇敢的，无畏的; 有胆量的; 英勇的; 勐
分布：勇敢的(100%)
勇敢的(courage勇气)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
adjective
■having or showing courage 勇敢的，有胆量的，有勇气的
• It was a courageous decision to resign in protest at the company's pollution record. 以辞职来抗议公司污染环境的劣迹是一个勇敢的决定。
• It was courageous of her to challenge the managing director's decision. 她真有勇气，敢于反对总经理的决定。
brave, bold, daring, heroic, fearless, courageous
这组词都有“勇敢的”的意思，其区别是：
brave: 含义广泛，指天生的勇敢，无所畏惧地面对困难与危险，侧重胆识与果断。
bold: 侧重指面对困难或危险时勇往直前，勇于进取的勇敢精神。
daring: 强调面临意外或危险时胆大心细，头脑冷静。褒义贬义均可用，贬义指胆大妄为。
heroic: 正式用词，多指在战争或重大危险时，为他人为事业忘我献身的英雄气概。
fearless: 语气肯定，侧重在危险时无所畏惧，毫无动摇。
courageous: 正式用词，侧重指在一切情况下都有胆量，无所畏惧，强调基于道德信念，经深思熟虑后所产生的勇敢。
adj. 有胆量的，勇敢的
 - game, brave

Word: authenticity
Front: authenticity
[ˌɔ:θenˈtɪsəti] (宝 8177/10267)
Vocabulary: authenticity
(once / 2195 pages)
n
Authenticity is the quality of being genuine or real. You might question the authenticity of your eccentric uncle's photo of a UFO.
The word authenticity is the state of something being authentic, or legitimate and true. Authenticity is important when the value of something is dependent on where it came from or how it was made. If you buy a ring said to be worn by Marie Antoinette, you will likely pay a hefty price for it. Before you spend all of that money, you should consult with a historian or experienced jeweler, who will be able to verify its authenticity.
WORD FAMILY
authenticity: authenticities+/ authentic: authentically, authenticity, inauthentic, unauthentic/ inauthentic: inauthentically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Swann ultimately pulled the manuscript from the sale, and Mexican curators confirmed its authenticity.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Cornwell said she needs to spend a lot more time in Richmond to add the authenticity that grounds her thrillers.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Would Russians believe in their authenticity if they were leaked?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 可靠性，确实性，真实性
分布：真实性(100%)
【反】spuriousness（n 伪造）
US [ˌɑ:.θen'tɪs.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality of being real or true 确实性；真实性；可靠性
• The poems are supposed to be by Sappho, but they are actually of doubtful authenticity. 据说这些诗是萨福所作，但实际上其真实性令人怀疑。
• The authenticity of her story is beyond doubt. 她讲述的事情的真实性不容置疑。
n. 真实性， [法] 确实性；可靠性
 - reliability, credibility

Word: fragrance
Front: fragrance
[ˈfreɪgrəns] (托雅宝 8174/10515 -2)
Vocabulary: fragrance
(once / 783 pages)
n
A fragrance is a smell, usually a pleasant or sweet smell. Often perfumes are called fragrances.
If you like the fragrance of coffee, you like its smell. Unlike the word odor, which usually means a bad smell, fragrances are usually good smells. People love the fragrance of flowers and good food. A specific smell can also be called a fragrance. When celebrities come out with their own perfume, it’s often referred to as a fragrance. Any aroma you enjoy — whether it’s perfume, flowers, or food — can be called a fragrance.
WORD FAMILY
fragrance: fragrances+/fragrancy: fragrancies/ fragrant: fragrance, fragrancy, fragrantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
We sweetened our offer by agreeing to buy everyone a bottle of the fragrance Empire by Trump.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A sharply focused introduction to each chapter further puts the decade — and its fragrance fashion — in perspective.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
A sharply focused introduction to each chapter further puts the decade - and its fragrance fashion - in perspective.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 芳香，芬芳; 浓馥，香气; 香水，常用于广告语
分布：香味(100%)
→来自bhrag, 闻，词源同brach(雌猎犬). 其本义为释放气味，闻，也包含放屁。所以该词可能来自bhreg, 分开，破开，词源同break. 即放出气味。后词义固定为芳香。比较odorous, 其原义为闻，但词义更多指难闻的，有臭味的。
noun countable or uncountable
■a sweet or pleasant smell 芳香，香气
• the delicate fragrance of roses 玫瑰花淡雅的芳香
■a liquid which people put on their bodies to make themselves smell pleasant 香水
• a brand new fragrance for men 新款男士香水
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 香味，芬芳
 - flavour, redolence

Word: converge
Front: converge
[kənˈvɜ:dʒ] (六托雅宝 8179/8501 -1)
Vocabulary: converge
(once / 1486 pages)
v
Use the verb converge to describe something that comes together at a common point: “Thousands of Elvis fans plan to converge on the small Arkansas town where unconfirmed sightings of the deceased superstar eating at a local barbeque restaurant had been widely reported.”
Two roads, a roomful of politicians, or a group of rabid fans — when things come together from different points they converge. Converge traces back to the Latin word vergere, meaning “to bend or to turn." The prefix con- means "with," a good way to remember that things that converge come together. Don't confuse it with diverge, which means the opposite: "move away," because the prefix “dis-” means “apart.”
WORD FAMILY
converge: converged, convergency, convergent, converges, converging+/ convergence: convergences/convergency: convergencies/ convergent: convergence, convergently, nonconvergent
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Cousins played throughout as if pass rushers were converging from all corners.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The men back away, and then others converge and fight.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In August next year, skywatchers from all over the world are expected to converge on the United States for this spectacular cosmic event.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. （线条、运动的物体等）会于一点; 聚集; 人或车辆汇集
vt. 使聚集
时态：converged, converging, converges
分布：会聚(40%)，集中(30%)，聚合(27%)，使集合(3%)
→con-, 强调。-verge, 转，词源同diverge, versus. 即转到一起，汇集。
【记】con一起，verge转－转到一起－会聚
【参】diverge（vi 道路分叉；意见分歧）
【反】spread out（展开）
US [-'vɝ:dʒ] verb intransitive
■If lines, roads or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet （几条线或道路）会合，交会，汇合
• The paths all converge at the main gate of the park. 这几条小路都在公园正门处交会。
• Due to roadworks, three lanes of traffic have to converge into two. 由于修路，三条车道不得不合并成了两条。
Compare diverge If ideas and opinions converge, they gradually become similar. （观点）趋于一致，趋同
■to come from other places to meet in a particular place 会合；聚集；集中
• Ambulances, police cars and fire engines all converged on the scene. 救护车、警车和消防车都聚集到现场。
• 100,000 people are expected to converge on the town for the festival. 预计有十万人聚集镇上庆祝节日。
vi. 聚合；集中于一点
 - group, gather together
vt. 会聚；使聚集；使向一点会合
 - cluster

Word: luckily
Front: luckily
['lʌkɪlɪ] (8175/6875 -1)
Back: adv. 幸运地; 侥幸; 幸而; 幸亏
分布：幸运地(85%)，幸亏地(15%)
adverb
■because of good luck 幸好，幸亏，万幸
• Luckily, I had some money with me. 幸好我身上带了些钱。
adv. 幸好，侥幸；幸运地
 - happily, fortunately

Word: Syrian
Front: Syrian
['sɪrɪən] (8183/9356)
Back: n. 叙利亚人；叙利亚语
adj. 叙利亚的；叙利亚语的；叙利亚人的
分布：叙利亚人(89%)，叙利亚语(11%)
noun countable adjective
■Syrian 叙利亚人／叙利亚的

Word: trivial
Front: trivial
[ˈtrɪviəl] (研六托雅宝 8180/5940 -1)
Vocabulary: trivial
(once / 613 pages)
adj
Something that is trivial is not important or significant, such as the trivial details you shared with me about your trip to the post office this morning.
Trivial can also describe something that isn't deep or meaningful, like a trivial movie that you'll forget about after the credits roll. It comes from the Latin word trivium: tri means "three" and via is "road." So a trivium is a "place where three roads meet," meaning a crossroads — just something ordinary. So something that is trivial is not worth remembering; it just isn't important.
WORD FAMILY
trivial: trivialest, trivialise, triviality, trivialize, trivially+/ trivia: trivial /trivialise: trivialised/triviality: trivialities/ trivialize: trivialized, trivializes, trivializing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trivial pursuits don’t follow serious endeavors, they precede them and, crucially, inspire them, even if unintentionally.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Chatter about Israeli-Palestinian negotiations is nothing but a truism, equally applicable to the U.S. and Canada, or to any nations resolving trivial border disputes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Mr. Chait informed his followers on Twitter that, “The distinction between a president and a king is not trivial,” while Mr. Drezner said, “OMFG.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 琐碎的，无价值的; 平常的，平凡的; 不重要的; [生]种的
分布：琐碎的(74%)，不重要的(26%)
→trivia,琐事，小事，-al,形容词后缀。
琐碎的(tri三+vi+al→三条路→没有一个目标→琐碎的)[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
a.琐碎的;无足轻重的Don't waste your time on trivial things.不要把你的时间浪费在琐事上.
【记】tri三，vial：三流的－琐碎的
【反】gist（n 要点）－trivial point（不重要的点）substantive（adj 实质的）；massive（adj 厚重结实的）；grandiose（adj 宏伟的）；indispensable（adj 不可缺少的）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■having little value or importance 微不足道的，琐碎的；没有价值的
• I don't know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial. 我不明白他因何为芝麻大的事也如此烦恼。
• Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a trivial matter. 工作场所的性骚扰可不是件小事。
 ADVANCED
■describes a problem that is easy to solve 容易解决的，不费吹灰之力的
• Getting computers to understand human language is not a trivial problem. 令电脑懂得人类语言可不是一个容易解决的问题。
petty, trivial
这组词都有“琐细的，不重要的”的意思，其区别是：
petty: 指在同类中是最小最微不足道的人或事物。
trivial: 指无特别价值或重要意义的普通小事。
adj. 不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的
 - small, unimportant

Word: designation
Front: designation
[ˌdezɪgˈneɪʃn] (宝 8182/10018)
Vocabulary: designation
(once / 1672 pages)
n
When something has a designation, it has a title or a description that helps you identify it. The “organic” designation on the vegetables you buy lets you know that no pesticides were used in growing the plants.
Designation can refer to a title, official or otherwise. You may earn the designation “class clown” for your goofiness, or ask your friends to refer to you by the designation, "Madame Super Brain." Designation is also the act of assigning such a title or position, like the designation of your daughter as heir to your estate. Often, designation refers to giving a formal position. The district board may be responsible for the designation of the next principal at your school.
WORD FAMILY
designation: designations+/ designate: designated, designates, designating, designation, designative
USAGE EXAMPLES
I thought my own Rebel designation — a person who skips meals, then devours, Pac-Man like, everything in her path — was spot on.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Christy said the monument designation and restrictions on its land raise the bar on fully developing resources on the trust’s parcels.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The designation of homelessness is all about how the term is defined under a federal law that school districts follow.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 名称; 选派; 指定
分布：指定(66%)，指示(13%)，命名(11%)，任命(10%)
→来自design, 标记，指定。
指定;任命(designate+ion)[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
【记】sign标记－标出来－指定
【参】design（v /n 设计；构思）
noun
countable
■an official title or name 正式职务；正式名称
• What's her official designation now she's been promoted? 她晋升后的正式职务是甚么？
uncountable
■when a place or thing is designated 指定地区；指定事物
• The area qualifies for designation as a site of special scientific interest. 詃地区作为具有特殊科学趣味的区域是名不虚传。
n. 指定；名称；指示；选派
 - instruction, name, pointing, indication, specifies

Word: celery
Front: celery
[ˈseləri] (8168/16716 -1)
Vocabulary: celery
(once / 2011 pages)
n
Celery is a very crunchy, succulent vegetable that grows in stalks. You can cook celery, often with more flavorful vegetables, or eat it raw.
Celery is a very mild-flavored vegetable that adds crunch to a salad or a subtle taste to sauteed onions and garlic. Your grandmother might love to serve "ants on a log," or peanut butter in the hollow of a celery stalk, with raisins as the "ants." Depending on your feelings about celery, you might feel slightly less enthusiastic.
WORD FAMILY
celery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Add the onion, carrots, celery, garlic and thyme and season with ½ teaspoon salt and several grinds of pepper, or to taste.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Rarities like grapes, celery, ginger and an array of spices competed for shoppers’ attentions.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Cook for a few minutes, so the rice is well coated and some grains begin to turn opaque, then stir in the broth and celery.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 芹菜; 香芹粉; 芹菜籽
分布：芹菜(100%)
→词源不详。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■a vegetable with long thin whitish or pale green stems which can be eaten raw or cooked 芹菜
• a stick of celery 一根芹菜

Word: systemic
Front: systemic
[sɪˈstemɪk] (8194/13198 -1)
Vocabulary: systemic
(once / 7434 pages)
adj
Something that's systemic affects all parts of something. If every dog at doggy daycare has fleas, it's a systemic problem.
The adjective systemic is often used to describe diseases or disorders; a systemic illness affects your whole body or an entire system — like your digestive system. Any kind of system can experience systemic problems. For example, crime is a systemic problem in a community because it affects everyone from individuals to families, businesses, and tourism, just to name a few groups harmed by the problem.
WORD FAMILY
systemic: systemically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This attack shows how rampant Russian hacking is. It’s systemic, relentless, predatory,” Rep. Peter Welch said in a statement.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Huskies don’t believe that performance was a sign of any sort of systemic issue against running quarterbacks.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For all that, Hernandez-Goff thinks the systemic problems – housing shortages, wage stagnation, inequality – are beyond her.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 系统的; [生]全身的; 体系的
分布：系统的(71%)，全身的(23%)，内吸性杀虫剂(6%)
→system,系统，-ic,形容词后缀。
adjective specialized
■A systemic drug, disease or poison reaches and has an effect on the whole of a body or a plant and not just one part of it. （药物、疾病或毒药）影响全身系统的，影响全身的
■formal
■A systemic problem or change is a basic one, experienced by the whole of an organization or a country and not just particular parts of it 根本性的，全面性的，有系统的
• The current recession is the result of a systemic change within the structure of the country's economy. 目前的经济衰退现象导因于国家经济结构产生了根本性的变化。
adj. 系统的；全身的；体系的
 - scientific, full-length

Word: porcelain
Front: porcelain
[ˈpɔ:səlɪn] (研六托雅宝 8181/10099 -1)
Vocabulary: porcelain
(once / 1523 pages)
n
Your mom's favorite white china plates are probably made out of porcelain. Porcelain is a nearly translucent ceramic material used to make plates, bowls, and cups.
The dishes at a fancy restaurant are often porcelain, a fine, delicate kind of china. Sometimes knickknacks, dolls, and art objects are also made from porcelain. The word comes from the Italian word for "cowrie shell," porcellana, which compares the shiny look of porcelain to the polished inside of a shell. Porcelain has a tricky spelling — although it ends with ain, it rhymes with ten, not rain.
WORD FAMILY
porcelain: porcelainize, porcelains+/porcelainize: porcelainized
USAGE EXAMPLES
With silk curtains and porcelain vases, Hitler’s designers suggested an internal world that was both cultivated and peaceful.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Objects in Gouthière’s time were first modeled in wood, wax or porcelain, pressed between blocks of compressed sand and removed.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
They are full of wood, terra-cotta and porcelain figurines depicting not just the Holy Family but also the trades and fashions of the time.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 瓷，瓷器
adj. 瓷制的; 精美的; 脆的，易碎的
分布：瓷(72%)，瓷器(28%)
→来自中古法语procelaine,来自意大利语porcellana,贝壳，瓷器，因其相似的光泽而得名，来自拉丁语porcellus,小猪，词源同pork,-elle,小词后缀。据说是因为贝壳的孔隙有如母猪的外阴而得名。
n.瓷器a.精制的,瓷器的Chinese porcelain enjoys worldwide fame.中国的瓷器闻名世界.
【记】读：破碎了－瓷器容易破碎
US ['pɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■a hard but delicate shiny white substance made by heating a special type of clay to a high temperature, used to make cups, plates, decorations, etc 瓷
• a porcelain dish 瓷碟
• The tea cups are (made of) porcelain. 茶杯是瓷制的。
■cups, plates and decorations, etc. made of porcelain 瓷器
• He had a fine collection of Meissen porcelain. 他收藏了很多精美的迈森瓷器。
n. [陶瓷] 瓷；瓷器
 - china, stoneware
adj. 瓷制的；精美的
 - china, delicate, fine

Word: gleaming
Front: gleaming
[ˈgli:mɪŋ] (8176/9036)
Vocabulary: gleaming
(once / 589 pages)
adjn
Teeth in toothpaste commercials are gleaming. They sparkle when the light hits. When you see this word, think of a bright reflected ray of light, on teeth, on water, or in someone's smiling eyes.
A new skyscraper that reflects light might also be described as gleaming. If you are excited to move to a new place, someone might say that your eyes are gleaming with excitement, especially as you view the gleaming wood floors and gleaming freshly-washed windows of your new home. The word has a clean, glittering, sparkly feel to it.
WORD FAMILY
gleaming: gleamingly, gleamings+/ gleam: gleamed, gleaming, gleams
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gleaming with rain, it rose up snarling, as if struggling to escape the earth.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Here is a men’s clothing shop and art gallery in a small space with gleaming light wood floors.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The screen showed gleaming golden bubbles of fat that were surprisingly beautiful.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 闪闪发光的
v. （使）闪烁， （使）闪亮( gleam的现在分词 )
分布：微光(34%)，闪光(24%)，闪烁(23%)，闪现(14%)，隐约地闪现(5%)
adjective
■bright and shiny from being cleaned 光洁闪亮的；明净的
• a gleaming kitchen 清洁明亮的厨房
• gleaming windows 明净的窗户
adj. 闪闪发光的
 - glittering, sparkling
v. 闪烁， 隐约地闪现（gleam的ing形式）
 - shining, flicking

Word: inventor
Front: inventor
[ɪnˈventə(r)] (高四六 8188/10125 -1)
Vocabulary: inventor
(once / 648 pages)
n
The person who first comes up with a brand new idea or thing is its inventor. A woman named Mary Anderson, for example, is credited with being the inventor of the windshield wiper blade for cars.
Lewis Latimer invented many things during his lifetime, and drafted the patent for the telephone (with fellow inventor Alexander Graham Bell). Oddly enough, Latimer's first work as an inventor was developing a restroom for train cars, in 1874. In the 1940s, actress Hedy Lamarr was the inventor of a communications technology that eventually made wireless technology, including cell phones, possible. In Latin, inventor means "contriver, author, or discoverer."
WORD FAMILY
inventor: inventors+/ invent: invented, inventing, invention, inventive, inventor, invents, reinvent / invention: inventions/ inventive: inventively, inventiveness, inventivest, uninventive/ reinvent: reinvented, reinventing, reinvents/uninventive: uninventively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We need to be as creative as the inventors of the internet,” says Paul Fehlinger of Internet & Jurisdiction, which is organising the Paris conference.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
This year he became one of KU’s first two inductees into the National Academy of Inventors.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He was the inventor of the Red Solo Cup.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 发明家; 创造者; 发明者
分布：发明家(96%)，创造者(4%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who has invented something or whose job is to invent things 发明家；创造者
n. [专利] 发明家；发明人；创造者
 - creator, artificer

Word: deception
Front: deception
[dɪˈsepʃn] (托宝 8186/7049 -1)
Vocabulary: deception
(once / 868 pages)
n
Deception is a trick or scheme used to get what you want, like the deception you used to get your sister to agree to do all your chores for a month.
Deception occurs when you deceive, a word that comes from the Latin de- meaning "from" and capere, meaning "to take." When you deceive someone, the result may be taking — like items you don't really need from people willing to give them, believing they are helping you. You may have heard the phrase "take someone for a ride." That's a way of describing deception.
WORD FAMILY
deception: deceptions, self-deception+/ deceive: deceived, deceiver, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, undeceive/deceiver: deceivers/deceiving: deceivingly/ deceptive: deceptively, deceptiveness/undeceive: undeceived, undeceives, undeceiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attuned to the deception, U.S. immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“He talks about what he calls fighting a war without fighting a war—use of information, social media, disinformation, deception,” Gen. Neller said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Attuned to the deception, United States immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 瞒骗，欺诈; 骗局
分布：欺诈(37%)，诡计(33%)，骗局(30%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-cept, 拿，握，词源同capable, accept, deceit. 引申义拿走，欺骗。
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when people hide the truth, especially to get an advantage 欺骗；欺诈；隐瞒
• He was found guilty of obtaining money by deception. 他骗取钱财的罪名被判成立。
deception, fraud, deceit
这组词都有“欺骗”的意思，其区别是：
deception: 语气较弱，一般用词，侧重于具体的骗人行为。但有时并无欺骗行为，只是玩弄把戏，故弄玄虚而已。
fraud: 一般用于犯罪行为的欺骗，通常指政治或经济活动中的舞弊行为。
deceit: 指歪曲实情，惯于说谎或蓄意欺骗。
n. 欺骗，欺诈；骗术
 - fraud, confidence game

Word: pricing
Front: pricing
[ˈpraɪsɪŋ] (8185/6752)
Back: n. 定价
分布：定价(99%)，动词price的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
价格；价钱
The price of something is the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy it.
例：...a sharp increase in the price of petrol...汽油价格猛涨
例：They expected house prices to rise...他们盼望着房价上升。
N-SING
代价
The price that you pay for something that you want is an unpleasant thing that you have to do or suffer in order to get it.
例：Slovenia will have to pay a high price for independence...斯洛文尼亚将为独立付出巨大的代价。
例：There may be a price to pay for such relentless activity, perhaps ill health or even divorce...这样没命地工作可能要付出代价，也许是健康受损，甚至是离婚。
VERB
把…定价为
If something is priced at a particular amount, the price is set at that amount.
例：The shares are expected to be priced at about 330p...这些股票的价格可能会定在330便士左右。
例：Digital priced the new line at less than half the cost of comparable mainframes...Digital公司新产品的定价比同类主机的一半还要低。
PHRASE
不惜任何代价；不计后果
If you want something at any price, you are determined to get it, even if unpleasant things happen as a result.
例：If they wanted a deal at any price, they would have to face the consequences...如果他们无论如何都想达成交易，他们就得承担其后果。
例：We obviously want to see the hostages home, but not at any price.我们显然也希望看到人质回家，但并不是不惜任何代价。
PHRASE
以极高价格
If you can buy something that you want at a price, it is for sale, but it is extremely expensive.
例：Most goods are available, but at a price.大多数商品都有售，但是价格极高。
PHRASE
以一定代价
If you get something that you want at a price, you get it but something unpleasant happens as a result.
例：Fame comes at a price...出名是有代价的。
例：Theismann's precious information came at a price, however.不过，泰斯曼付出了代价才得到这些宝贵的信息。
PHRASE
悬赏缉拿；悬赏刺杀
If there is a price on someone's head, an amount of money has been offered for the capture or killing of that person.
例：He remains at large despite the high price put on his head by the authorities.尽管当局悬赏重金缉拿他，他仍旧逍遥法外。
PHRASE
给…定价
If you say that you cannot put a price on something, you mean that it is very valuable.
例：You can't put a price on friendship...友谊无价。
例：You can't put a price on the value of the work done by our nurses.不能用金钱来衡量护士的工作。
PHRASE
（表示强调）…可能吗
You use what price in front of a word or expression that refers to something happening when you want to ask how likely it is to happen. You usually do this to emphasize either that it is very likely or very unlikely.
例：What price a glorious repeat of last week's triumph?还有可能再次上演上周的辉煌胜利吗？
PHRASE
…又有什么用呢
You use 'at what price ?' to comment on the fact that the consequences of doing something are unpleasant.
例：Yes, they are free of him, but at what price to themselves, their families, those left behind?...是的，他们离开了他，但是对他们自己、他们的家人以及那些留下来的人又有什么用呢？
例：What price success!成功了又如何？
n. 定价
 - sticker price, published price

Word: buzz
Front: buzz
[bʌz] (六托雅 8191/8051 -2)
Vocabulary: buzz
(once / 461 pages)
1nv 2vn 3v
A buzz is a vibrating sound, like the sound a bee makes. Your dog might get nervous in your yard when she hears the buzz of insects.
Buzz can be a noun or a verb: "My doorbell started to buzz like crazy when everyone showed up for my party." You can also talk about a buzz of activity, a low background noise, or describe the way stunt planes buzz the trees, flying very low. You might tell someone to "buzz off" if you're annoyed with them — this began in 1914 as a way to describe hanging up a telephone — or telling someone to hang up.
WORD FAMILY
buzz: buzzed, buzzer, buzzes, buzzing+/buzzer: buzzers/buzzing: buzzingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is famous for its buzzing, swirling, incomprehensible traffic.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lionsgate’s “La La Land,” continued to capitalize on awards buzz.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Lionsgate’s La La Land continued to capitalize on awards buzz.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 嗡嗡叫; 低声谈; 散布：嗡嗡叫，发哼声; 匆忙来去，奔忙
vt. 使嗡嗡叫; 咕哝：用快而低的嗓音讲话; [非正式用语]低飞; 打电话给…
n. 嗡嗡声; 电话; 乱哄哄的说话声; 醉酒
时态：buzzed, buzzing, buzzes
分布：嗡嗡声(39%)，电话(27%)，打电话(8%)，使嗡嗡叫(7%)，发出嗡嗡声(7%)，充满(4%)，匆忙(4%)，低飞掠过(4%)
→拟声词。
verb
MAKE SOUND 发声
intransitive
■to make a continuous low sound such as the one a bee makes 发嗡嗡声，发蜂鸣声
• I can hear something buzzing. 我能听见甚么东西在嗡嗡地响。
intransitive or transitive
■to press a buzzer in order to get someone's attention 用蜂鸣器（给…）发讯号
• I buzzed him but there was no answer. 我用蜂鸣器叫他，可是没有应答。
• The first person to buzz may answer. 第一个按蜂鸣器的人可以回答。
[bʌz] verb
BE VERY ACTIVE 充满活力
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to be busy and full of energy 繁忙；充满活力
• The place was buzzing (with excitement). 那个地方一派繁忙热闹的景象。
• Reporters were buzzing around , trying to get the full story. 记者们围着跑来跑去，试图弄清事情的来龙去脉。
your head/mind is buzzing
■If your head/mind is buzzing, you are thinking about many different things at the same time. 同时思考着很多事
[bʌz] verb
FLY LOW 低飞
transitive informal
■If an aircraft buzzes a place or people, it flies over them very low and fast. （飞机）低空飞过
[bʌz] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  buzz off informal
■to go away 离开
• I've got some stuff to do at home, so I'm going to buzz off now. 我家里有些事要做，所以我现在得走了。
■If someone says buzz off to another person, they are telling them to go away in a rude way 滚开
• Buzz off, I'm busy! 滚开，我很忙！
[bʌz] noun only singular
SOUND 声音
■a continuous low sound 发嗡嗡声，发蜂鸣声
• I heard a buzz and then saw the plane in the distance. 我听见嗡嗡的声音，接着看见了远处的飞机。
[bʌz] noun only singular
FEELING 感觉 informal
■a feeling of excitement, energy and pleasure 兴奋；快乐
• I love cycling fast - it gives me a real buzz. 我喜欢骑快车——这能让我异常兴奋。
• I get a buzz out of public speaking. 在公共场合演讲让我感到兴奋。
[bʌz] noun only singular
give sb a buzz informal
■to telephone someone 给（某人）打电话
• I'll give you a buzz next week. 我下周给你打电话。
n. 嗡嗡声
 - zoom

Word: reinvent
Front: reinvent
[ˌri:ɪnˈvent] (8189/23071)
Vocabulary: reinvent
(once / 6708 pages)
v
To reinvent something is to completely change or remake it so thoroughly that it seems brand new. The driverless car is going to reinvent the way people think about driving.
When the earliest movies with sound were released, it seemed to reinvent film. And, when libraries started incorporating more technology and getting rid of card catalogs, they reinvented research. You can also literally reinvent something, by bringing it back: "They plan to reinvent their grandmother's lost recipe for homemade root beer." To "reinvent the wheel" means to do something redundantly — to waste time on something that's already been done.
WORD FAMILY
reinvent: reinvented, reinventing, reinvents+/ invent: invented, inventing, invention, inventive, inventor, invents, reinvent / invention: inventions/ inventive: inventively, inventiveness, inventivest, uninventive/ inventor: inventors/uninventive: uninventively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jackbox Games’ original installment of its popular series reinvented the way we play local multiplayer games, by utilizing smart phones.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Gabor was an American original from Budapest who reinvented herself in a country that grants a second act.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Las Vegas is great at reinventing itself. In fact, they are unbelievable at reinventing themselves for sure,” Lucas said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. （在不知他人已发明的情况下）重复发明，彻底改造，重新使用
时态：reinvented, reinventing, reinvents
分布：改造(74%)，重新使用(21%)，再发明(5%)
→re-,再，重新，invent,发明，创造。比喻用法。
verb transitive
■to produce something new that is based on something that already exists （在已有事物的基础上）重新创造，改造
• The story of Romeo and Juliet was reinvented as a Los Angeles gangster movie. 罗密欧和朱丽叶的故事被改编成了一部洛杉矶黑帮题材电影。
reinvent yourself
■to change your job and/or the way you look and behave so that you seem very different （透过改换工作或形象、行为方式而）改造自己，洗心革面，换个活法
• He's one of those sportsmen who reinvent themselves as TV presenters. 他是那些半路出家做电视节目主持人的运动员之一。
[ˌri:.ɪn'vent] verb transitive
reinvent the wheel
■to waste time trying to create something that someone else has already created 重复发明；无谓地重复；浪费时间做无用功
vt. 重新使用；彻底改造；重复发明（在不知他人已发明的情况下）
 - reemploy

Word: scanner
Front: scanner
[ˈskænə(r)] (8184/9244 -1)
Back: n. 扫描器; 扫描设备; 检测装置; 细查者
分布：扫描仪(95%)，扫描机(5%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a device for making images of the inside of the body or for reading information into a computer system （医用）扫描器；扫描器
• an ultrasound scanner 超音波扫瞄器
• bar code scanners 条码扫描器
n. [计] [电子] 扫描仪；扫描器；光电子扫描装置
 - scanning equipment

Word: fines
Front: fines
['faɪnz] (8190/-)
Back: n. 罚款，罚金( fine的名词复数 ); 细屑; 细粉
ADJ-GRADED
美好的;优秀的;杰出的
You use fine to describe something that you admire and think is very good.
例：There is a fine view of the countryside...这里可以看到乡村的美景。
例：This is a fine book.这是一本好书。
ADJ-GRADED
健康的;情绪良好的
If you say that you are fine, you mean that you are in good health or reasonably happy.
例：Lina is fine and sends you her love and best wishes.莉娜身体很好，还让我转达她对你的爱和祝福。
ADJ-GRADED
令人满意的;可以接受的
If you say that something is fine, you mean that it is satisfactory or acceptable.
例：The skiing is fine...滑雪还行。
例：Everything was going to be just fine...一切都会好起来的。
CONVENTION
行;可以
You say 'fine' or 'that's fine' to show that you do not object to an arrangement, action, or situation that has been suggested.
例：If competition is the best way to achieve it, then, fine...如果竞争是达到目标的最佳方式，那就这么着吧。
例：If you don't want to give it to me, that's fine, I don't mind...如果你不想把它给我，那可以，我不介意。
ADJ-GRADED
纤细的;尖细的;微小的
Something that is fine is very delicate, narrow, or small.
例：The heat scorched the fine hairs on her arms...炙热烤焦了她手臂上的汗毛。
例：The ship has come to rest on the fine sand.这艘船停靠在细沙滩上。
ADJ-GRADED
精美的;精致的;华贵的
Fine objects or clothing are of good quality, delicate, and expensive.
例：We waited in our fine clothes...我们身着盛装等候。
例：She'll wear fine jewellery wherever she goes.无论到哪儿她都会佩戴精美的首饰。
ADJ-GRADED
细微的;精确的;精密的
A fine detail or distinction is very delicate, small, or exact.
例：The market likes the broad outline but is reserving judgment on the fine detail.市场对这一整体设想表示出认可，但在具体细节上还未作出反应。
ADJ-GRADED
高尚的;令人敬佩的
A fine person is someone you consider good, moral, and worth admiring.
例：I was with fine people doing a good job...我和高尚的人们一起干着一份不错的工作。
例：He was an excellent journalist and a very fine man.他是位杰出的记者，为人也非常正派。
ADJ-GRADED
(天气)晴朗的
When the weather is fine, the sun is shining and it is not raining.
例：He might be doing a spot of gardening if the weather is fine.天气晴朗的话，他也许会侍弄侍弄花草。
n. 罚款（fine的复数）；粉末；细骨料
 - penalties, powders

Word: expanse
Front: expanse
[ɪkˈspæns] (托 8187/10053 -1)
Vocabulary: expanse
(once / 920 pages)
n
An expanse is a huge area you can look at all at once. If you climb to the top of a mountain, suggest that your fellow climbers take time to admire the expanse of trees below.
Expanse looks like the word expand. Both come from the Latin word expandere, meaning "to spread out, unfold." But where did expandere come from? Ex- means "out" and pandere means "spread or stretch." So an expanse is something that seems to unfold before your eyes, or to put it another way, something that stretches out as far as the eye can see.
WORD FAMILY
expanse: expanses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, the lake is a vast expanse of salt flats.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The major difficulty in cheetah conservation is that the animals range across large expanses of terrain, crossing the boundaries of refuges and nations.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“To cross that expanse was more than crossing the bridge,” Gamboa says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 广阔的区域; 扩张，展开; 苍天
分布：宽阔的区域(100%)
→来自expand, 扩大。
noun countable
■a large, open area of land, sea or sky （陆地、水面或天空的）广阔区域
• She gazed at the immense expanse of the sea. 她凝视着浩瀚的大海。
• vast expanses of sand and pine 沙地和松林相间的广阔区域
n. 宽阔；广阔的区域；苍天；膨胀扩张
 - openness, broadness

Word: gourmet
Front: gourmet
[ˈgʊəmeɪ] (托宝 8196/15545 -1)
Vocabulary: gourmet
(once / 6211 pages)
n
That guy over there correctly identifying the dozen spices used in the meal he's eating? He’s likely a gourmet, someone who knows a lot about fine food.
There are gourmets and then there are foodies. Both are food enthusiasts who live to eat. A gourmet, pronounced like the French word that is its double: "gor-MAY," is more likely to go for the most refined dining experience, created by a chef who trained in Europe. A foodie, on the other hand, might take you to the best burrito place — because their guacamole tastes the best — then stop by the farmers' market to see if the first of the asparagus crop has arrived.
WORD FAMILY
gourmet: gourmets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bahlawanian is owner and master blender of Spice Station, a small chain of gourmet spice shops in Los Angeles and Montreal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Ground star anise is generally available at gourmet markets and cooking stores, as well as online.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
More and more, air passengers are responding positively to the Rodeo Drive-storefronts and gourmet restaurants that continue to pop up across airports, according to J.D.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 美食家，讲究吃喝的人
分布：美食家(100%)
→来自古法语groumet, 酒管，酒侍。可能来自groom, 仆人，管酒的人，词义进一步引申为品酒家，美食家。比较butler.
【记】gourmet是指对食物和酒的味道有鉴别力的人，这个意思跟 gourmand 相同。但是gourmand还可以指吃大量食物的人。 epicure与 gourmet意思更相近，但这个词有时候有过度挑剔食物的含义。
US ['gʊr.meɪ] adjective [before noun]
■(of food) very high quality （食品）优质的
• gourmet coffee 优质咖啡
• a gourmet meal 佳肴
■producing or serving food which is very high quality 提供美食的
• a gourmet restaurant 美食馆
• a gourmet chef 金牌厨师
UK ['gɔ:.meɪ] US ['gʊr.meɪ] noun countable
■a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, and who enjoys eating high-quality food 美食家；讲究饮食的人；美食品尝家
n. 美食家
 - foodie, gastronomist, belly-god

Word: clump
Front: clump
[klʌmp] (8197/8911 -1)
Vocabulary: clump
(once / 771 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
A clump is a "bunch" or a "cluster." If you're a gardener, the last thing you want to see is a clump of weeds growing in the middle of your newly groomed lawn.
Essentially, a clump is a grouping. You might see a clump of sheep grazing in a field or you might throw a clump of clothes into the washing machine. Clump can also mean lump, like when you find a clump of grass stuck to your shoe. As a verb, clump means "to gather," as in "a flock of birds clumped together in a tree."
WORD FAMILY
clump: clumped, clumping, clumps+/clumping: clumpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Only clumps of concrete clinging to bent rebar prevented a massive opening.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
When she returns with the salad bowl, she stoops to collect a clump of junk mail, including a come-on addressed to “Our Neighbor.”
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Other clumps of dust, scattered around its periphery, became planets and asteroids.
Economist(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 丛; 笨重的脚步声; 土块
vt. 使成一丛; 凝结成块
时态：clumped, clumping, clumps
分布：丛(56%)，块(28%)，丛生(7%)，使成簇(3%)，用沉重的脚步行走(3%)，沉重的声音(3%)
→词源同club,大块，木棍。
noun
GROUP 群
countable
■a group, especially of trees or flowers （尤指树木或花）丛，簇，群
• a clump of grass/daffodils 草丛／一簇水仙花
[klʌmp] noun
LUMP 块
countable
■a solid mass of something such as soil 硬块，土块
• There were big clumps of soil on his boots. 他的靴子上有大块的泥巴。
[klʌmp] noun
NOISY STEPS 沉重的脚步声
countable usually singular
■the loud sound of slow, heavy steps 沉重缓慢的脚步声
• We could hear the clump of his feet on the wooden floor. 我们能听到木地板上他那沉重的脚步声。
[klʌmp] verb
WALK NOISILY 走路动静很大
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to walk noisily with slow, heavy steps 以缓慢沉重的脚步行走
• She clumped around the room/ up the stairs in her boots. 她穿着靴子，在房间里咚咚地走来走去／咚咚地爬上楼梯。
[klʌmp] verb
FORM GROUP 成簇
intransitive or transitive
■to form a group, or to put things into a group （使）成簇；（使）聚集成群
• As it started to rain, everyone clumped together in doorways. 开始下雨了，大家都聚集在门口。
n. 丛；笨重的脚步声；土块
 - cluster, plexus
vt. 使成一丛；使凝结成块
 - clot

Word: socket
Front: socket
[ˈsɒkɪt] (高 8195/5776 -1)
Back: n. 插座; 灯座; 窝，穴; [解]眼窝，孔窝
vt. 把…装入插座; 给…配插座
分布：插座(77%)，窝(11%)，插口(10%)，装上或插入插座(1%)，穴孔(1%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 soket,犁桦，犁尖，小词形式于古法语 soc,犁桦，可能最终来自 su,猪， 词源同 sow,swine.即像个猪鼻子，后引申词义孔，槽，窝，穴以及现代词义插座，字面意思 即犁挖的小洞。
US ['sɑ:.kɪt] noun countable
ELECTRICAL 电的
■the part of a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, into which another part fits 插座；插槽
• an electrical socket 电插座
• a light socket 灯头
• He had forgotten to plug the television into the wall / UKmains socket. 他忘了把电视机插头插进墙上的插座里。
• The air freshener plugs into a car's lighter socket. 空气清新器插头插在汽车点烟器插孔里。
UK ['sɒk.ɪt] US ['sɑ:.kɪt] noun countable
BODY PART 身体
■a part of the body into which another part fits （人体的）槽，臼
• a tooth/eye socket 牙槽／眼窝
• a ball-and -socket joint like the hip joint 像髋关节似的球窝关节
n. [电] 插座； [解剖] 窝，穴；牙糟
 - jack, hole

Word: boxer
Front: boxer
[ˈbɒksə(r)] (8192/7907 -2)
Back: n. （尤指职业）拳击手; 拳师狗; 装箱者，装箱工
分布：拳击手(97%)，拳师狗(3%)
US ['bɑ:k.sɚ] noun countable
SPORTSPERSON 运动员
■someone who takes part in the sport of boxing 拳击手，拳击运动员
• He was a heavyweight boxer before he became an actor. 他在当演员之前是一位重量级拳击手。
UK ['bɒk.sər] US ['bɑ:k.sɚ] noun countable
DOG 狗
■a dog of medium size with short light brown hair and a short flat nose 拳师狗（中等大小的短毛狗，毛色浅褐，鼻子短平）
n. 拳师，拳击手
 - pugilist, scrapper

Word: aquatic
Front: aquatic
[əˈkwætɪk] (托雅宝 8203/10617 -1)
Vocabulary: aquatic
(once / 2806 pages)
adjn
If it has to do with water, it's aquatic. If you prefer your volleyball net in a pool, it sounds like you're into aquatic sports.
The word aquatic comes from the Latin word aqua, which means water. The adjective also describes something that takes place in water. If you are on a swimming or diving team, you can say you are into aquatic sports, which may take place at an aquatic center. If you visit an aquatic garden, you'll see plants that thrive in water like water lilies and lotus flowers.
WORD FAMILY
aquatic: aquatically, aquatics, semiaquatic, subaquatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
A thunderclap sounded around the aquatics stadium and echoed across the food court.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Cook swam for his club team, West Coast Aquatic in Texas.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Officials at Calgary Zoo are perplexed as to how the aquatic birds drowned in the "Penguin Plunge" exhibit and called it "devastating news".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 水生的; 水产的; 水上的; 水中（进行）的
n. 水生动植物; 水上运动
分布：水生动物(50%)，水生的(18%)，水中的(16%)，水草(12%)，水上的(4%)
水的;水中的(aqu水＋atic)[aqu=water,表示"水"]
【参】aqueous（adj 水的，水成的）；aquarium（n 水族馆，玻璃缸）
US [-'kwætˌ-] adjective
■living or growing in, happening in, or connected with water 水栖的；水生的；水上的；水中（进行）的
• aquatic plants 水生植物
• aquatic sports 水上运动
adj. [生物] [化学] [水产] 水生的；水栖的；在水中或水面进行的
 - acquatic, aquicolous

Word: cycling
Front: cycling
[ˈsaɪklɪŋ] (雅 8200/8966 -K)
Vocabulary: cycling
(once / 3371 pages)
n
When you ride a bicycle, you are cycling. Sometimes, though less often, it also is used to refer to motorcycle riding.
The roots of the word cycling are ancient. Both Latin and Greek have similar words that mean "circle, wheel." It's only natural, then, that a two-wheeled vehicle should be a bicycle and that cycling involves riding that vehicle. Occasionally, it can be used as a verb describing something going through a cycle, like a dishwasher cycling through.
WORD FAMILY
cycle: bicycle, cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling, cyclist, unicycle +/ bicycle: bicycled, bicycler, bicycles, bicycling, bicyclist/bicycler: bicyclers/bicyclist: bicyclists/ cyclic: cyclically, cyclicity, noncyclic/ cyclical: encyclical, noncyclical/cyclist: cyclists/encyclical: encyclicals/ unicycle: unicycles, unicycling, unicyclist/unicyclist: unicyclists
USAGE EXAMPLES
That calls for 50 percent commuting by car, 25 percent by transit, 18 percent by cycling and 7 percent by walking.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Indoor cycling requires constant pedaling while there is some coasting outdoors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The GB cycling team banned bikini waxes during the Olympics because the hair protects against chafing.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 骑脚踏车兜风，骑脚踏车消遣
分布：骑自行车(100%)
VERB
骑(自行车)
If you cycle, you ride a bicycle.
例：He cycled to Ingwold...他骑车去英格伍德。
例：Britain could save £4.6 billion a year in road transport costs if more people cycled...如更多的人骑自行车，英国一年能在道路交通上节省46亿英镑的开销。
N-COUNT
自行车
A cycle is a bicycle.
例：...an eight-mile cycle ride.骑自行车8英里
N-COUNT
摩托车
A cycle is a motorcycle.
N-COUNT
循环；周期
A cycle is a series of events or processes that is repeated again and again, always in the same order.
例：...the life cycle of the plant...植物的生命周期
例：The figures marked the final low point of the present economic cycle...这些数据显示了目前经济周期的最低点。
N-COUNT
(运转的)一周，一圈;一个工作循环
A cycle is a single complete series of movements in an electrical, electronic, or mechanical process.
例：...10 cycles per second.每秒10转
N-COUNT
组歌;组诗
A cycle is a series of songs or poems that are intended to be performed or read one after the other.
例：...Wagner's Ring cycle.瓦格纳的《指环》组歌

Word: famine
Front: famine
[ˈfæmɪn] (研四六托雅宝 8193/6925 -2)
Vocabulary: famine
(once / 589 pages)
n
A famine is a severe shortage of food, but not the "I forgot to go to the grocery store and there's nothing to eat in the house" type of shortage. A famine is usually caused by crop failure or disaster.
Although the "extreme shortage of food" meaning is most common, the noun famine can also mean any shortage or insufficiency, and it is often used idiomatically in the phrase "feast or famine." This usage refers to something that is alternately plentiful and scarce — like the feast and famine experienced by an artist who only occasionally sells his paintings.
WORD FAMILY
famine: famines
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with Syria capturing most international attention, a famine resulting from the turmoil was mostly overlooked.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Many migrants reach Libya, the starting point for the sea journey to Europe, after fleeing war and famine in their own countries.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The World Food Program says the country is on the brink of famine.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 饥荒; 饥饿; 极度缺乏
分布：饥荒(99%)，极度缺乏(1%)
→来自拉丁语fames,饥饿，饥荒。
饥荒(fam饿+ine;参考:famish挨饿)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
饥荒[fam=hunger(饿)]
n.饥荒,饥馑In the famine I got familiar with this famous family name/surname.在饥荒中,我熟悉了这个有名的姓.
noun countable or uncountable
■when there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens 饥荒；饥荒时期
• Another crop failure could result in widespread famine. 庄稼再歉收就可能导致大规模饥荒。
• There were reports of refugees dying of famine. 有关于难民饿死的报告。
• Thousands of people emigrated during the Irish potato famine of 1845-46. 在1845年到1846年间的爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒时期，成千上万的人移居国外。
hunger, famine, starvation
这组词都有“饥饿”的意思，其区别是：
hunger: 普通用词，指人体对于食物迫切需要的正常生理现象。
famine: 指因天灾人祸而引起大规模饥荒；用作引申，指严重缺乏某种物资或人力。
starvation: 语气比hunger强得多。指因长期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，甚至死亡，侧重人为的灾难所致。
n. 饥荒；饥饿，奇缺
 - hunger, fames

Word: disappoint
Front: disappoint
[ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt] (高研四六 8204/9539 -K1)
Vocabulary: disappoint
(once / 96 pages)
v
When you fail to meet people's expectations, you disappoint them. You can also disappoint yourself or find that things let you down, like a rainy trip to the beach that disappoints you.
The word disappoint comes from the Middle French word desappointer, which meant "dispossess of appointed office," in the 14th century. Today, disappoint can apply to anyone or anything that does not achieve the expected results — and ways to express that we are disappointed go beyond firing people or kicking them out of office. For example, if you buy a product that disappoints, you won't buy it again.
WORD FAMILY
disappoint: disappointed, disappointing, disappointment, disappoints+/ disappointed: disappointedly/ disappointing: disappointingly/ disappointment: disappointments
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s disappointing, no question about it,” Gruden said after the loss.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In their absence, the Jags turned to second-year player Corey Grant, and he did not disappoint.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
You are disappointed and you want to bounce back.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使失望; 使破灭，使落空
vi. 使失望
时态：disappointed, disappointing, disappoints
分布：使失望(86%)，使破灭(14%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。appoint, 指定。即没有指定，任命，引申义失望。
使失望;受挫折(dis不+appoint→不[被]指派→失望)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
vt.失望;(希望等)破灭,挫败(计划等)I pointed out the joint on the coin at the disappointing appointment.在令人失望的约会上,我指出了硬币上的接头.
verb intransitive or transitive
 IMPROVER
■to fail to satisfy someone or their hopes, wishes, etc.; to cause someone to feel unhappy （使）失望，（使）沮丧
• I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I'm afraid I can't come after all. 很抱歉让你失望，但恐怕我真的来不了。
• We don't want to disappoint the fans. 我们不想让球迷们失望。
vt. 使失望
 - fail, let down

Word: bolt
Front: bolt
[bəʊlt] (研四六雅宝 4899/5051 -2)
Vocabulary: bolt
(once / 294 pages)
1nv 2n 3vn 4nv 5adv
We love words that sound like what they mean, and bolt is no exception. It's a quick, sharp word that either means to move quickly or refers to a stroke of lightning, as in "lightning bolt."
The god Zeus was fond of tossing bolts of lightning down upon mortals who angered him. If you were one of those mortals, you'd have been smart to bolt inside as soon as the rain began. To bolt is to run as quickly as you can. Racehorses are often described as bolting out of the gate. Other uses of bolt include the lock in your door, the act of locking that lock, and what a dog does when it gulps down his food.
WORD FAMILY
bolt: bolted, bolting, bolts, unbolt+/unbolt: unbolted, unbolting, unbolts
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the athletic competition, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt becomes the first athlete ever to win the men’s 100-meter final wearing flip-flops.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Sitting bolt upright, laboring to breathe, was the poet Robert Lowell.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Bolt then tweeted to confirm it was indeed him, with Henry replying to him apologising and telling him to call again soon.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 螺栓，螺钉; 闪电，雷电; 门闩; 弩箭
vt. 筛选; 囫囵吞下; （把门、窗等）闩上; 突然说出，脱口说出
vi. （门窗等）闩上，拴住; 冲出，跳出; （马等的）脱缰; 囫囵吞下
adv. 突然地; 像箭似地; 直立地
时态：bolted, bolting, bolts
分布：螺栓(80%)，门闩(10%)，狼吞虎咽(3%)，弩箭(3%)，闩住(1%)，挺直地(1%)，用螺栓固定(1%)，一卷布(1%)
→来自PIE *bheld, 击，打。可能同bill, 击，咬，鸟嘴。
n.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住The nursery teacher made the children sit bolt upright.幼儿园的老师让孩子们笔直地坐着.
【参】bolted（adj 脱离的＝separated）
US [boʊlt] noun countable
LOCK 锁
■a metal bar on a door or window that slides across to lock it closed （门窗上的）插销，闩
• I closed the window and drew the bolt (= slid the bolt across). 我关上窗户，拉上了插销。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] noun countable
SCREW 螺栓
■a screw-like metal object without a point which is used with a nut to fasten things together 螺栓
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] noun countable
LIGHTNING 闪电
■a flash of lightning that looks like a white line against the sky 闪电，霹雳
• The house next to ours was struck by a bolt of lightning. 我们隔壁的房子被闪电击中了。
⇒ See also thunderbolt
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] noun countable
ROLL 卷
■a length or roll of cloth or wallpaper （布或墙纸的）一匹，一卷
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] noun countable
WEAPON 武器
■a type of short arrow shot from a crossbow (= a type of weapon) 弩箭；方镞箭
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] noun countable
QUICK MOVEMENT 快速行动
make a bolt for somewhere
■to try to escape by running towards something 逃向…
• The thief tried to make a bolt for the exit. 小偷想从安全出口溜走。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] noun countable
a bolt from/out of the blue
■something completely unexpected that surprises you very much 出人意料的事情；睛天霹雳
• The news of his marriage was a bolt from the blue. 他结婚的消息真是出人意料。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] verb
MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive
■to move very fast, especially as a result of being frightened （尤指因受到惊吓而）奔跑，快跑
• Frightened by the car horn, the horse bolted. 那匹马受到汽车喇叭的惊吓，飞奔了起来。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] verb
EAT 吃
transitive (also bolt down)
■to eat food very quickly 匆匆咽下；囫囵吞下
• Don't bolt your food like that - you'll get indigestion. 别那样狼吞虎咽——会消化不良的。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] verb
LOCK 锁
intransitive or transitive
■to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across 闩上（门或窗）
• Have you locked and bolted the door? 你把门锁上闩好了吗？
• The door bolts on the inside. 门从里面闩上。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] verb
SCREW 螺栓
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten something in position with a bolt 用螺栓固定
• On a ship the furniture is often bolted to the deck. 轮船上的家俱往往用螺栓固定在甲板上。
UK [bəʊlt] US [boʊlt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bolt sth on
■to add an extra part or feature 添加，增加
• Other insurers will allow you to bolt on critical illness cover to standard life cover. 其他保险公司允许在标准人寿保险承保范围中增加重大疾病。
n. [机] 螺栓；闪电；门闩；弩箭
 - lightning, levin
vi. 逃跑；冲出
 - do a guy, make a break for it
adv. 突然地；直立地
 - suddenly, sharp, abruptly

Word: eerie
Front: eerie
[ˈɪəri] (宝 8199/11997 -1)
Vocabulary: eerie
(once / 3183 pages)
adj
Eerie means spooky, creepy or suggestively supernatural. If it's eerie, it's sure to make the hair on the back of your neck stand up.
Back in the 1300s when eerie first came on the scene, it meant "fearful or timid." It took a good 500 years or so before it morphed into the adjective we know today, which now means "causing fear because of strangeness." And the strangeness is key: Something that's eerie isn't just scary. It's mysterious, ghostly, and gives you the creeps. Like dark old castles, misty graveyards and creaky sounds in the middle of the night.
WORD FAMILY
eerie: eerier, eeriest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, the poem reads like an eerie anticipation of liberal incredulity at Brexit and Trump and the other recent upheavals.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“When we got to the intersection and then the fee booth, it was eerie. No tracks, no nothing.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s both beautiful and eerie, like a high-tech Overlook Hotel in wintertime.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 怪异的; 怪诞的; 胆小的
分布：可怕的(36%)，奇异的(29%)，怪诞的(28%)，害怕的(7%)
→来自古英语earg, 可怕的。
【记】写这个单词的时候我的头皮都起鸡皮疙瘩了！把其中的3个eee看成黑森林里的三只眼睛。
US ['ɪr.i] adjective
■strange in a frightening and mysterious way 怪异而令人恐惧的
• She heard the eerie noise of the wind howling through the trees. 她听到风吹过树丛发出怪异而可怕的呼啸声。
• He had the eerie feeling that he had met this stranger before. 他有种恐怖而奇异的感觉，觉得以前见过这个陌生人。
adj. 可怕的；怪异的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: directory
Front: directory
[dəˈrektəri] (高研六雅 8211/3680 -2)
Back: n. 人名地址录，（电话）号码簿; （计算机文件或程序的）目录
adj. 指导的，指挥的; 咨询的; 管理的
分布：目录(97%)，指南(1%)，工商名录(1%)，给予指导的(1%)
→来自direct, 引导，管理。引申义电话号码薄。
电话目录(direct指导)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
n.人名地址录,(电话)号码簿I can find his telephone number in the telephone directory.我可以从电话号码簿里找到他的电话号码.
US [-tɚ.i] noun countable
■a book which gives a list of names, addresses or other facts 簿，册，名录，指南
• a business directory 企业名录
• a directory of hotels 饭店指南
• Look up their number in the telephone directory. 在电话簿里查查他们的号码。
n. [计] 目录；工商名录；姓名地址录
 - content, list, catalogue
adj. 指导的；咨询的
 - consulting, advisory

Word: moderate
Front: moderate
[ˈmɒdərət] (研四六托雅 3264/4567 -3)
Vocabulary: moderate
(once / 149 pages)
1adjnv 2v
A moderate voter is someone who is politically speaking, in the center. In other words, they are not quite left or right, but somewhere in the middle.
Moderate comes from the Latin for "medium sized," and as a noun and an adjective it means "middle, medium." If you get moderate rainfall, it's not too much and not too little. Goldilocks was known for her moderate tastes. As a verb, it means "to temper," or "to reduce from the extreme." If you moderate your speed while driving, you slow down a bit. If you moderate a discussion, you help two or more people have a reasonable conversation.
WORD FAMILY
moderate: immoderate, moderated, moderately, moderateness, moderates, moderating, moderation, moderatism, moderator+/ immoderate: immoderately, immoderateness, immoderation/moderated: unmoderated/ moderation: moderationism, moderationist, moderations/moderator: moderators, moderatorship
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brewer criticized school busing, as did foes of desegregation, but he appeared moderate on race when compared with Wallace.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hopefully they'll be able to listen - and then start to moderate.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Austin says three other people in his car and the SUV driver were hospitalized with moderate to severe injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有节制的; 稳健的，温和的; 适度的，中等的; <美俚>慢吞吞的
vt. 使和缓; 主持; 节制
vi. 变缓和; 作主持人
时态：moderated, moderating, moderates
分布：温和的(43%)，适度的(27%)，节制(13%)，中等的(10%)，稳健的(6%)，稳健的人(1%)
→来自mode,模式，方式，尺度。引申词义适度的，适中的。
适度的,适中的(moder[=mod]+ate→做事有风度→适度的)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
有节制的(moder模,规矩)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
a.有节制的,中等的,适度的,温和的,稳健的The modest man moderately modified the model in this mode.谦虚者适度地用这种方式修改了模型.
【参】moderator（n 缓和剂；调解人）；modest（adj 谦虚的；适度的）；moiety（n 二分之一；一部分）
US [ˈmɑː.də˞-]
MEDIUM-SIZED 中等的
 ADVANCED
■neither small nor large but between the two; clearly within the limits of a range of possibilities 中等的；不过分的，适度的
• moderate growth/inflation 适度的增长／通货膨胀
• He's a moderate drinker. 他是个饮酒有节制的人。
• The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family. 这间小屋中等大小——正适合一个小家庭。
• Imposing sanctions is a moderate action when you consider that the alternative is military intervention. 如果考虑到另一选择是军事干预的话，你就会发现实施制裁并不是过分的举措。
adjective UK [ˈmɒd.ər.ət] US [ˈmɑː.də˞-]
SLIGHT 轻微的
■slight or limited; not as great as hoped for 有限的；不大的
• There has been a moderate improvement in her health since she began the treatment. 开始治疗后，她的健康状况稍有好转。
• We have had moderate success in changing people's attitudes. 我们在改变人们的态度方面有一点成果。
adjective UK [ˈmɒd.ər.ət] US [ˈmɑː.də˞-]
OPINIONS 意见
■describes opinions, especially political ones, that are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people （尤指政见）温和的，不激烈的，不偏激的
• The party leader is an extreme left-winger, but her deputy is more moderate in her views. 那个党的领导人是极左分子，但她的副手观点较温和。
noun countable UK [ˈmɒd.ər.ət] US [ˈmɑː.də˞-/
■a person whose opinions, especially their political ones, are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people （尤指政见）温和派，稳健派
• He is well-known as a moderate in the party. 他是这个党派中出名的温和派。
verb intransitive or transitive UK [ˈmɒd.ər.eɪt] US [ˈmɑː.də.reɪt/
■to (cause to) become less in size, strength, or force; to reduce something （使）缓和；（使）适中；减轻，减弱；节制
• There have been repeated calls for the president to moderate his stance on contraception. 人们反覆要求总统在避孕问题上采取较为温和的立场。
• Weather conditions have moderated, making a rescue attempt possible. 天气条件转好，令当局有可能尝试展开营救。
gentle, moderate, tender, mild, soft
这组词都有“温和的，柔和的”的意思，其区别是：
gentle: 指温柔、亲切、优雅。常含有节制和意味。
moderate: 中性词，指温和稳健，有节制，不走极端。
tender: 和gentle意思很接近。指人的感情细腻、温情慈爱和有同情心，侧重心理素质。也可指物的柔嫩等。
mild: 用于人时，指天性温顺，脾气好，不放肆粗野；用于物时，主要指适度，程度上相当缓和给人以愉快感觉。
soft: 侧重柔软或安稳、光滑，使人不感到粗糙或严酷。
adj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的
 - pacific, medium, secondary, soft, middle
vi. 变缓和，变弱
 - weaken
vt. 节制；减轻
 - deny oneself, allay

Word: arrogance
Front: arrogance
[ˈærəgəns] (托宝 8202/8616)
Vocabulary: arrogance
(once / 1281 pages)
n
Arrogance is overbearing pride or haughtiness. If your friends are constantly complaining about your arrogance, you might want to lose the haughty attitude and try to be more humble.
Arrogance comes from the Latin arrogans which means overbearing. If you show arrogance, your pride is overbearing and offensive to others. Arrogance can also be attributed to corporations who fail to take consumer opinion into account and to nations that seem to do whatever they want with no regard for other countries.
WORD FAMILY
arrogance: arrogances+/ arrogant: arrogance, arroganter, arrogantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, beauty often whips up some unattractive quirks, such as arrogance and over-confidence.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Friday afternoon, I was texting with a friend from California who derided the “arrogance” Sherman showed in his most recent postgame interview.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“Flint was a casualty of arrogance, disdain and a failure of management.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 傲慢，自大，自负; 气焰
分布：傲慢(69%)，自大(31%)
傲慢(ar+rog+ance)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
ADJ-GRADED
傲慢的;自大的;嚣张的
Someone who is arrogant behaves in a proud, unpleasant way towards other people because they believe that they are more important than others.
例：He was so arrogant...他是如此傲慢。
例：That sounds arrogant, doesn't it?那话听起来很嚣张，是不是？
n. 自大；傲慢态度
 - bighead, consequentiality

Word: start-up
Front: start-up
[stɑ:t ʌp] None
Back: n. 启动
adj. （新企业或工程）开办阶段的
分布：启动(75%)，创业(25%)
US ['stɑ:rt-] noun countable
■a small business that has just been started 刚起步的小企业，新兴小型企业
• Start-ups are very vulnerable in the business world. 商界中刚起步的小企业非常脆弱。
n. 启动
 - boot-up, starting up

Word: subdivision
Front: subdivision
[ˌsʌbdɪˈvɪʒn] (托 8198/12883)
Back: n. 细分，一部; 分支
分布：细分(92%)，分部(7%)，再分的部分(1%)
→subdivide,再分，-s,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
noun
countable or uncountable
■any of the parts into which something is divided, or the act of creating these 分支；分部；细分部分；再分，细分
• Each category has several subdivisions. 每一个种类又有几个分支。
• They agreed that subdivision of the house into apartments would be a good idea. 他们都认为将整幢房子分成几个房间是个好主意。
countable US for * housing estate
n. 细分；分部；供出卖而分成的小块土地
 - branch, subsection

Word: liaison
Front: liaison
[liˈeɪzn] (托雅宝 8208/5309 -1)
Vocabulary: liaison
(once / 2990 pages)
1n 2n
Employ the French-sounding word liaison to refer to a relationship, a link between people or groups who aids communication.
There are two main definitions for liaison that stem from Old French and before that, the Latin word for "to bind." The first definition refers in general to a connection or a relationship that serves effective communication. The second definition refers more specifically to an illicit relationship, or an affair, and can have a negative connotation.
WORD FAMILY
liaison: liaisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would work as a consultant alongside the club’s supporter liaison officer.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
One of the team will be picked as the official liaison, dealing with the Colombians.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
If confirmed, Ross would become the Trump administration’s chief liaison with the business community and a leading advocate for U.S. trade abroad.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 联络，联络人; [语]连音; （尤指一方或双方已婚的）私通; [烹]加浓料
分布：联络(100%)
→来自拉丁语ligare,绑定，连结，词源同ligament,oblige.引申词义联络，联系。
【记】lia捆，ison一捆在一起一联系
US [-zɑ:n] noun
LINK BETWEEN 联系
[S or U]
■communication between people or groups who work with each other 联络，联系，沟通
• He blamed the lack of liaison between the various government departments. 他指责各个政府部门之间缺乏沟通。
• The police have appointed a liaison officer to work with the local community. 警方已指派了一名联络官与当地社区进行合作。
countable mainly US
■someone who helps groups to work effectively with each other 联络官，联络人
• She served as a liaison between the different groups. 她充当各团体之间的联络人。
UK [li'eɪ.zɒn] US [-zɑ:n] noun
RELATIONSHIP 关系
countable formal
■a sexual relationship, especially between two people not married to each other （尤指婚外的）性关系；私通；婚外情
• He's had a number of liaisons. 他已发生了好几段婚外情。

Word: cassette
Front: cassette
[kəˈset] (研四六托雅 8210/5251 -2)
Vocabulary: cassette
(once / 11140 pages)
n
A cassette is an audiotape, for recording or listening to sound. Before CDs were invented in the 1980s, many people bought their favorite music albums on cassettes.
You can use the word cassette to mean an audio or a videotape, though it's more commonly used for something you listen to. To use a cassette, you need a tape player or recorder. Cassette means "little box" in French, and this describes the way it looks, like a small plastic box. The modern meaning came about in 1960.
WORD FAMILY
cassette: cassettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scenes that my older brother and I watched on a pirated video cassette of “Once Upon a Time in America” seemed familiar to us.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“He was my biggest fan,” Rowe said, noting that Jones used to spend days dancing to one of his band’s cassette tapes.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
On Nov. 24, 1986, a young man approached Zerafa and thrust him an envelope containing a cassette and a Polaroid.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 盒式录音带; 摄影胶卷暗匣，弹夹; 珠宝箱，宝匣
分布：盒式磁带(72%)，暗盒(28%)
→来自case, 箱子。-ette, 小词后缀。
n.盒子;盒式磁带In the passage the passenger passed a cassette of message to messenger.在过道里,乘客给信差传递了一盒带信息.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a flat rectangular device containing a very long strip of magnetic material that is used to record sound and/or pictures, or a machine that uses such devices 盒式录音（或录影）带；盒式录音（或录影）机
• a video cassette 录影带
• an audio cassette 录音带

Word: dwelling
Front: dwelling
[ˈdwelɪŋ] (研四六托宝 8213/4597 -1)
Vocabulary: dwelling
(once / 234 pages)
n
A dwelling is a home — where someone lives. Houses, apartments, and condos are all dwellings.
If you know that to dwell means to live somewhere, then the meaning of dwelling won't be a surprise: it's an abode, domicile, or home. Your dwelling might be a house or an apartment. Tents, trailers, and igloos are all dwellings. Anything people live in is a dwelling. If you have no dwelling, then you have no shelter and you're probably homeless.
WORD FAMILY
dwelling: dwellings+/ dwell: dwelled, dweller, dwelling, dwells, dwelt, indwell/dweller: dwellers/indwell: indweller, indwelling, indwells, indwelt/indweller: indwellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The red rock lands are home to an estimated 100,000 archaeological sites, including intact ancient cliff dwellings that attract visitors from around the world.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It will protect the estimated 100,000 archaeological sites in the area including ancient cliff dwellings.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
A coalition of tribes pushed to ensure protections for lands that are home to an estimated 100,000 archaeological sites, including ancient cliff dwellings.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 住处，处所; 寓所; 居住
v. 居住，住( dwell的现在分词)
分布：住宅(70%)，住处(30%)
n.住宅,寓所A dormitory is the typical dwelling of a college student.
formal
noun countable
■a house or place to live in 房屋，住所，住处
• There is an estimated shortfall of some five million dwellings across the country. 据估计全国缺少约500万套房屋。
home, building, residence, shelter, dwelling, habitation, house
这组词都有“居住处”的意思，其区别是：
home: 指永久住家时，带有家庭所特有的温暖、情感等气息。
building: 泛指一切建筑物，不限于居住的房子。
residence: 指大而堂皇的寓所或公馆，也指法律上的居住点。
shelter: 可指长期或临时的住处，也指简陋或临时搭建的躲避风雨的场所。
dwelling: 正式用词，仅指人们居住的任何建筑物。
habitation: 指长久或固定的住所或居住地。
house: 中性词，泛指一切供居住的建筑物，尤指适合一家一户居住的房屋。
home, dwelling, shelter, household, family, house, lodging
home: 家，带有感情色彩
dwelling: 住所，公寓
shelter: 庇护处（收容所，庇护所）
household: 抽象的家庭，并含有家事，家务之意
family: 家庭，指组成家庭的成员
house: 房屋，住宅
lodging: 寄宿处
n. 住处；寓所
 - residence, accommodation
v. 居住（dwell的现在分词）
 - living

Word: colon
Front: colon
[ˈkəʊlən] (宝 8209/6817 -1)
Vocabulary: colon
(once / 4372 pages)
1n 2n 3n
In punctuation, a colon is the mark made by stacking two periods (:). The colon can be used to separate the hour and minutes in time (7:30 a.m.) or to introduce a list or a quotation.
A colon is also a unit of money in both Costa Rica and El Salvador. It equals 100 centimos in the former and 100 centavos in the latter. When you travel to Costa Rica, you can trade dollars for colons. In medical terms, your colon is part of your digestive system, and its purpose is to extract water from solid waste. In humans, there are four parts of the colon: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
WORD FAMILY
colon: colones, colonic, colons, semicolon+/colonic: colonics/semicolon: semicolons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause was colon cancer, said a daughter, Bano Tyler.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Tracy Young, their single mother, died in 2008 from colon cancer at 37.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The 41-year-old Texas woman taped the episodes in August and September while battling Stage 4 colon cancer.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 冒号; <解>结肠; 科郎（哥斯达黎加货币单位）
分布：结肠(86%)，冒号(14%)
→1.冒号，来自skel, 弯，转，词源同clavicle, scoliosis. 原指分岔，分枝。
【记】把colon从上往下写，在把两个o用笔图黑，冒号就出现了。
US ['koʊ.lən] noun countable
BODY PART 身体部位
■the lower and bigger half of the bowels in which water is removed from solid waste 结肠
UK ['kəʊ.lɒn] US ['koʊ.lən] noun countable
SIGN 符号
■the sign : used in writing, especially to introduce a list of things or a sentence or phrase taken from somewhere else 冒号

Word: lighter
Front: lighter
[ˈlaɪtə(r)] (六 8206/9751 -1)
Back: n. 打火机; 点火器; 点火者; 驳船
adj. 较轻的( light的比较级); 较淡的
vt. 用驳船运
分布：驳船(100%)
→来自light,发光，光线。
打火机(light点火)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a small device for providing a flame for a cigarette etc 打火机
• a cigarette lighter 香烟打火机
n. 打火机； [船] 驳船；点火者
 - pontoon

Word: engineer
Front: engineer
[ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)] (中高研四六雅 1997/1889 -K3)
Vocabulary: engineer
(once / 145 pages)
1nv 2n
An engineer is someone who possesses the knowledge or expertise to create and implement plans or build machines. Even if you're not an engineer, when you engineer you make plans and solve problems.
An interesting part of the word engineer is the suffix -eer, which turns a word into one that means someone who does something indicated by the base it is affixed to — a mountaineer climbs mountains, an auctioneer presides at auctions, an engineer designs, coming from the Old French engin, which means "skill or cleverness." If you want to become an engineer, you'll have to study all kinds of mechanical systems, not just engines.
WORD FAMILY
engineer: engineered, engineering, engineers+/ engine: engineer, enginery, engines/ engineering: engineerings/enginery: engineries
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We’re still fighting the battle, and still trying to be good Samaritans and good neighbors to everybody,” said Shalaby, who is also a civil engineer.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Singapore's TeleRadio Engineering uses RF signals in its SkyDroner device to track and control drones and a video feed to confirm targets visually.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Who is talking about this: It is shortlisted for the 2017 Royal Academy of Engineering Africa Prize.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 工程师，技师; （轮船的）机师; 〈美〉（火车的）司机，; （陆军的）工兵
vt. 设计，策划; 安排或处理; 改变…的基因（或遗传）结构
时态：engineered, engineering, engineers
分布：工程师(85%)，设计(10%)，建造(3%)，策划(2%)
→来自engine, 机械装置，引擎，即设计机械的人。
工程师(engine发动机)[-eer表名词"…人员"]
n.工程师The engineer examined the engine of the mining machine for stomach.工程师检查采矿机的发动机是否有肚子痛.
US [-'nɪr] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person whose job is to design or build machines, engines or electrical equipment, or things such as roads, railways or bridges, using scientific principles 工程师；工程（或机械）设计人员
• a civil engineer 土木工程师
• a mechanical/structural engineer 机械／结构工程师
• a software engineer 软体工程师
 IMPROVER
■a person whose job is to repair or control machines, engines or electrical equipment 机修工；技师；技工；机械师
• a computer engineer 电脑工程师
• The engineer is coming to repair our phone tomorrow morning. 技工明天上午来修我们的电话。
US * an engine driver
UK [ˌen.dʒɪ'nɪər] US [-'nɪr] verb transitive
ARRANGE 安排
■to arrange cleverly and often secretly for something to happen, especially something that is to your advantage （尤指为自己的利益）密谋策划，精心安排
• Left-wing groups engineered a coup against the military government. 左翼集团密谋策划了一场反军政府的政变。
• I'm trying to engineer a meeting between them. 我正在尽力谋划，好让他们见面。
UK [ˌen.dʒɪ'nɪər] US [-'nɪr] verb transitive
BUILD 建立
■to design and build something using scientific principles 设计制造
n. [经管] 工程师；工兵；火车司机
 - gineer, sapper
vt. 设计；策划；精明地处理
 - design, style, project, frame, scheme
vi. 设计；建造
 - project, design

Word: carving
Front: carving
[ˈkɑ:vɪŋ] (托雅 8224/8844 -1)
Back: n. 雕刻; 雕刻品
v. 雕刻( carve的现在分词); 分割
分布：雕刻(86%)，雕刻品(9%)，雕刻术(4%)，动词carve的现在分词.(1%)
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■a shape or pattern cut into wood or stone or the skill of doing this 雕刻品；雕刻图案；雕刻技艺
• wooden/stone carvings 木／石雕
n. [轻] 雕刻；雕刻品；雕刻术
 - sculpture, engraving
v. [轻] 雕刻（carve的ing形式）
 - sculpting

Word: algorithm
Front: algorithm
[ˈælgərɪðəm] (8230/6819)
Vocabulary: algorithm
(once / 9271 pages)
n
Whether you are doing simple multiplication or a complicated calculus problem, you must use a predetermined set of rules, called an algorithm, to solve it. An algorithm includes a finite number of steps to solve any given problem.
The word algorithm has an unusual backstory. It seems the 9th Century Persian mathematician Al-Khwārizmī wrote about calculations, and when his work was translated into Latin 300 years later, his name was somehow incorporated into the name of the process as Algoritmi. This got confused with the Greek word for number, arithmos, leading to the evolution of the word as we know it. It's a mish-mash, ironic for a word that stands for a rather rigid set of rules.
WORD FAMILY
algorithm: algorithmic, algorithms+/algorithmic: algorithmically
USAGE EXAMPLES
At different growth stages, the plants require light in different intensities, and algorithms controlling the L.E.D. arrays adjust for that.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
As it performs its tasks, checking balances and searching transactions, it uses machine-learning algorithms to acquaint itself with the contours of typical requests.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
This digital bathos, the deflating consequence of an amoral algorithm, no doubt contributes to our general sense of unease about the social-media project.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 运算法则; 演算法; 计算程序
分布：算法(100%)
→以阿拉伯数学家Khwarizmi代指算法。algorithm 是当时拉丁语对该数学家名字的拙劣的翻译,或部分受arithmetic的影响。
['æl.gə.rɪ.ðəm] specialized
noun countable
■a set of mathematical instructions that must be followed in a fixed order, and that, especially if given to a computer, will help to calculate an answer to a mathematical problem （尤指电脑使用的）演算法，计算程式
n. [计] [数] 算法，运算法则
 - arithmetic

Word: Dominican
Front: Dominican
[də'mɪnɪkən] (8220/15986)
Back: n. 多明尼加共和国的居民
adj. 多明尼加共和国的
分布：多米尼加人(44%)，多米尼加的(42%)，多米尼加人的(14%)
→来自其创建者17世纪修士Domingo de Guzman. 其字面意思即一家之主，上帝。
US [ˌdɑ:.mɪ'ni:-/
■Dominican 多明尼加人
noun countable
RELIGIOUS GROUP 宗教团体 UK [də'mɪn.ɪ.kən] US [doʊ-]
■a monk who belongs to a Christian religious group that was established by Saint Dominic 多明我会修道士

Word: harden
Front: harden
[ˈhɑ:dn] (研四六托宝 8207/6995 -2)
Back: vt. 使硬化; 使经得起考验; 使无情; 使轮廓鲜明
vi. 变硬或更硬; 变稳定; 变习惯
时态：hardened, hardening, hardens
分布：动词(97%)，名词(3%)
→来自hard,硬的，-en,使。
v.(使)变硬The earth hardens under the hot sun.土地让炎热的太阳晒硬了.
【反】macerate（v 浸软）
US ['hɑ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
SOLID 凝固
■to become or make hard （使）变硬
• The mixture hardens as it cools. 混合物冷却时变硬了。
• It is thought that high cholesterol levels in the blood can harden the arteries (= make them thicker and stiffer, causing disease). 据信血液中的胆固醇含量高会导致动脉硬化。
UK ['hɑ:.dən] US ['hɑ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
SEVERE 严厉
■to become more severe, determined or unpleasant （使）变严厉，（使）变坚强，（使）变冷酷
• Living rough in the desert hardened the recruits a lot (= made them stronger). 沙漠的艰苦生活把新兵锻炼得更加坚强。
• As the war progressed, attitudes on both sides hardened (= became more severe and determined). 随着战争持续，双方的态度都变得更加强硬。
UK ['hɑ:.dən] US ['hɑ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
harden your heart
■to make yourself stop feeling kind or friendly towards someone 硬起心肠
• You've just got to harden your heart and tell him to leave. 你只有铁了心肠让他离开。
vi. 变硬，变坚固；变坚强；变冷酷
 - stiffen

Word: decidedly
Front: decidedly
[dɪˈsaɪdɪdli] (六 8222/9825 -1)
Vocabulary: decidedly
(once / 435 pages)
adv
Something described as being decidedly a certain way is absolutely that way, with no hint of doubt. If a character in a movie is decidedly evil, there's no question in your mind about it, it's so clearly true.
The adverb decidedly is good for providing a strong emphasis. Your mom might be decidedly unhappy about your new car, or your grades might be decidedly improving this semester. In both cases, these things are undeniably clear. Decidedly comes from the adjective decided, or "resolute," from the Latin root decidere, "to decide or determine."
WORD FAMILY
decided: decidedly, undecided+/ decide: decided, decides, deciding, decision, decisive / decision: decisions, indecision / decisive: decisively, decisiveness, indecisive / indecision: indecisions/ indecisive: indecisively, indecisiveness/undecided: undecidedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His rushing yardage in his final season there was decidedly positive: 1,740 yards.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And while elsewhere toys and Barbie reign, this study is decidedly his.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Paterson’s home is ordinary and decidedly not beautiful.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 明确地; 坚决地; 果断地; 毫无疑问地
分布：果断地(46%)，毫无疑问(18%)，明确地(18%)，断然地(18%)
adverb
■certainly and obviously 确切地；明显地
• He was decidedly careful about what he told me. 他对他和我说的那些话显然非常小心谨慎。
• An agreement is looking decidedly difficult according to the newspapers. 据报纸报道，达成协议显然非常困难。
adv. 果断地；断然地；明显；毫无疑问
 - positively, flat, emphatically

Word: hinder
Front: hinder
[ˈhɪndə(r)] (研六托雅宝 8229/7538 -1)
Vocabulary: hinder
(once / 300 pages)
1v 2adj
The verb hinder means to block or put something in the way of, so if you’re in a high-speed car chase with the police, they might put up a blockade to hinder your progress.
The word hinder came from the Old English hindrian, which means to "injure or damage." That's a little more extreme than what it means today, because, now it just means to get in the way of something or someone. People might not like you too much if you make it a practice to hinder their progress or get in the way of things they want, even it's a small hindrance like blocking someone from getting to the cookie jar.
WORD FAMILY
hinder: hindered, hindering, hinders, hindrance +/hindered: unhindered/hindering: hinderingly/ hindrance: hindrances
USAGE EXAMPLES
But “this lifesaving work remains hindered by the shortage of funding and limited access to areas caught in the fighting,” he said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Those practices hindered the rival companies’ sales and left their products vulnerable to lawsuits, the regulator said.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
According to the regulator, Qualcomm limited or refused access to vital wireless technology patents for rivals in Korea, hindering sales at companies such as Samsung.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 阻碍，妨碍; 成为阻碍
adj. 后面的，后方的
时态：hindered, hindering, hinders
分布：阻碍(93%)，打扰(4%)，后面的(3%)
→hind,后面的，-er,比较级后缀。即更后面的，引申词义拉后腿，后由形容词变为动词，引申词义妨碍，阻挡。
v.(from)阻止,妨碍a.后面的I never mind your unkind reminding that my grindstone hinders your cylinder.我决不介意你不友善的提醒说我的磨刀石妨碍了你的汽缸.
【记】hind（adj 后边的；后面的），er－使得落在后面－阻碍
【参】hindmost（adj 最后面的；最后部的）
US [-dɚ] verb transitive
■to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something 阻碍，妨碍
• High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze. 强风妨碍了消防队员扑灭大火。
• Her progress certainly hasn't been hindered by her lack of experience. 经验不足当然没有妨碍她的进步。
hamper, hinder, block, prevent, bar, obstruct
这组词都有“阻止、阻塞”的意思，其区别是：
hamper: 侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。
hinder: 语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
block: 语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。
prevent: 含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。
bar: 含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。
obstruct: 正式用词，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。
vt. 阻碍；打扰
 - slow, impede
adj. 后面的
 - latter, back, rear

Word: evacuation
Front: evacuation
[ɪˌvækjʊ'eɪʃn] (8221/8926)
Vocabulary: evacuation
(once / 1893 pages)
1n 2n
An evacuation happens when people are removed from or leave a dangerous place. An approaching hurricane sometimes results in the evacuation of islands and coastal towns.
A fire drill or bomb threat can cause the evacuation of a school building, and during World War II there were frequent evacuations of buildings and areas of cities including London, when people hurried into shelters. Another meaning of evacuation is the emptying of something, whether a container or a human body. This relates to the word's original meaning, "discharge of blood from the body," from the Latin evacuare, "to empty."
WORD FAMILY
evacuation: evacuations+/ evacuate: evacuated, evacuates, evacuating, evacuation
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is also understood in the industry that captains will organise evacuation efforts - for which they will probably need to stay on board.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It was unclear how many flights were delayed because of the evacuation.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Residents in neighboring apartments were evacuation, but their units were not damaged.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 撤空; 撤离; 撤退; 疏散
分布：疏散(67%)，撤离(31%)，排泄(1%)，排泄物(1%)
撤离,撤退[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
VERB
疏散;使撤离;转移
To evacuate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.
例：They were planning to evacuate the seventy American officials still in the country...他们正计划转移仍滞留在该国的70名美国官员。
例：Since 1951, 18,000 people have been evacuated from the area.自1951年以来，已有18, 000人撤离了该地区。
VERB
（尤指因为危险而）撤离，撤出，搬出
If people evacuate a place, they move out of it for a period of time, especially because it is dangerous.
例：The fire is threatening about sixty homes, and residents have evacuated the area...大火正威胁着大约60户人家，居民已经从该地区撤离。
例：Officials ordered the residents to evacuate.官员命令居民撤离。
n. [军] 疏散；撤离；排泄
 - decentralization, excretion

Word: Turk
Front: Turk
[tɜː(r)k] (7202/7983)
Back: n. 土耳其马；土耳其人
分布：土耳其人(91%)，突厥人(9%)
US [tɝ:k] noun countable
■Turk 土耳其人
n. 土耳其人；土耳其马
 - ottoman

Word: frank
Front: frank
[fræŋk] (研四六托 8225/2307 -2)
Vocabulary: frank
(once / 183 pages)
1adj 2n 3v 4v
To be frank is to be honest. Also, it's a hot dog. Eating a frank at the ballpark is, to be frank, an all-American experience.
If you're open, honest, and candid, you're frank — that can mean refreshing honesty or too much information. Frank also has some lesser known uses. It can also mean to stamp with a postmark, or to pass someone through for free — like how your museum job lets you frank your friends into the planetarium. The most delicious meaning is for what you may know as a dog, frankfurter, hot dog, hotdog, weenie, wiener, or wiener-wurst.
WORD FAMILY
frank: franked, franker, frankest, franking, frankly, frankness, franks+/frankness: franknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s why he was frank with Graf about her chances from the outset.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Every year, he asked Amnesty International and other organizations to join him for a frank roundtable discussion.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He seems to treat the audience and other characters onstage with the same frank good manners.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 坦白的，直率的; 清楚表明的; 明显的
n. 弗兰克; 免费邮寄权; 免费邮戳或签名; 免费邮寄的信件
vt. 免费寄（邮件）; 盖免费邮寄公章; 盖邮戳; 便于使（人）自由地来往
时态：franked, franking, franks
分布：坦白的(38%)，直率的(33%)，免费邮寄(16%)，真诚的(10%)，使自由出入(3%)
→来自Frank, 法兰克人，部落名。在公元五世纪，整个西欧仍处在一种野蛮的部落时代，整个社会被分成自由人，俘虏，和奴隶三个等级，而Frank人做为战胜级，享受唯一的自由权。后部落名通用化，赋予诸多美好的词义，如自由的，高贵的，美丽的，优雅的，大方的，真诚的等。后主要用于坦率的，其它词义逐渐废弃。参照电影《庞贝末日》。Frank 法兰克人
a.坦白的,直率的The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
【参】blank（adj 空白的；没有表情的n 空白）都源于：ank表示“白”
adjective
■honest, sincere and telling the truth, even when this might be awkward or make other people uncomfortable 坦率的，坦诚的；直言不讳的
• a full and frank discussion 全面而坦诚的讨论
• There followed a frank exchange of views. 接下来大家坦诚地交换了意见。
• The magazine, which gives frank advice about sex and romance, is aimed at the teenage market. 这本杂志面向青少年市场，对性和恋爱问题作出坦率的忠告。
• To be perfectly frank with you, I don't think she's the woman for the job. 十分坦诚地告诉你，我认为她不适合做那份工作。
[fræŋk] verb transitive
■to print a mark on a stamp so that the stamp cannot be used again, or to print a mark on an envelope to show that the cost of sending it has been paid 在（邮票）上盖戳；在（信封）上盖戳表示邮资已付
open, frank, sincere, blunt, honest, plain, straightforward
这组词都有“坦率，诚实”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指不隐瞒自己的秘密，愿意向他人表露自己或公开暴露自己的缺点。
frank: 强调毫无保留地畅所欲言，不受任何约束。
sincere: 侧重指一个人出自内心地对某人某事表示一种诚意。
blunt: 指讲话坦白直率、不客气，但隐含不得体、不顾及他人感情等意味。
honest: 指遵守正直等道德准则。
plain: 指直言不讳，毫不做作或故弄玄虚。
straightforward: 多用于答复、叙述等场合。指直截了当，不回避，或故弄玄虚。
adj. 坦白的，直率的；老实的
 - explicit, naked, confessed

Word: overhead
Front: overhead
[ˌəʊvəˈhed] (高研四六雅 5527/7523 -2)
Vocabulary: overhead
(once / 422 pages)
1adjnadv 2n 3n 4n
Anything that's located above you is overhead — it’s literally over your head. An overhead compartment on an airplane is a good place to stash your carry-on suitcase. Overhead is also the money it takes to run a business.
Overhead works as both an adjective and an adverb: "An overhead view of the football field gives the spectators a better idea of the game, and a drone flying overhead is the perfect way to achieve it." There's also an overhead stroke in tennis, an overhead projector showing a movie in science class, and the overhead, or up-front expenses, that a new business requires.
WORD FAMILY
overhead: overheads+/ forehead: foreheads/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/ heading: headings, subheading/headship: headships/ heady: headier, headiest, headily/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The coal is transported into the power plant through a 14km long, blue, snake-like conveyor belt, saving Reliance Power the overhead costs of railroad transportation.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
With the increased overtime regulation does come increased overhead.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
United recently introduced a class that’s worse than economy: passengers board last and have no overhead bin space.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 上面的，高架的; 头顶上的; （费用等）经常的，管理的
n. 天花板; 管理费用，经常费用; 船舱的顶板; [体]（网球等的）扣杀
adv. 在头顶上; 在空中; 在楼上; 向上
分布：在头顶上(44%)，在空中(20%)，高架的(9%)，在头上的(8%)，经常开支(8%)，在高处(7%)，普通用费(4%)
a.在头顶上的;架空的ad.在头顶上The plane flew overhead.飞机在头顶上飞.
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective adverb
■above your head, usually in the sky 在头顶上（的）；在空中（的）
• overhead cables 高架电缆
• A flock of geese flew overhead. 一群大雁从空中飞过。
• This room needs overhead lighting (= lights in the ceiling). 这个房间需要有顶灯。
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■relating to the overheads of a business 企业日常开支的；营运费用的
• One way of increasing profit margins is to cut overhead costs. 增加利润的其中一个方法是减少管理费用。
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun
TEXT/PICTURES 文字／画面
countable (also _overhead trans^parency)
■a transparent sheet used for showing text or pictures with an overhead projector 幻灯片，投影片
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun
COSTS 开支
overheads [plural] UK (US overhead countable)
■the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business （公司的）经常性开支，营运费用，经费
• We need to reduce our overheads. 我们需要减少经常性开支。
• Many businesses are moving out of New York because the overhead there is so high. 许多企业正迁出纽约，因为那里的营运成本太高了。
adv. 在头顶上；在空中；在高处
 - aerially
n. 天花板； [会计] 经常费用
 - ceiling boarding, current expenses

Word: burner
Front: burner
[ˈbɜ:nə(r)] (六 8217/14264 -1)
Back: n. 炉子，燃烧器; （火炉、煤油灯等的）灯口; 烧制者; 灯光
分布：燃烧器(93%)，火炉(7%)
US ['bɝ:.nɚ] noun countable
■the part of a cooker, light, etc. that produces flame or heat 炉心；煤气炉；炉膛；灯头
n. [热] [化工] 燃烧器；火炉；燃烧炉；灯头
 - inflamer, combuster

Word: cluster
Front: cluster
[ˈklʌstə(r)] (研六托雅宝 3200/4369 -2)
Vocabulary: cluster
(once / 347 pages)
nv
A cluster is a small group of people or things. When you and your friends huddle awkwardly around the snack table at a party, whispering and trying to muster enough nerve to hit the dance floor, you’ve formed a cluster.
Cluster comes to us from the Old English word clyster, meaning bunch. Nowadays, you can use cluster as either a noun or a verb. When we were kids, we would stand in a cluster (noun) on the street corner, eagerly awaiting the appearance of the Good Humor truck every afternoon. Then we would cluster (verb) eagerly around the driver, demanding ice cream. Virtually anything can form a cluster — flowers, cells, stars, human beings, and even events.
WORD FAMILY
cluster: clustered, clustering, clusters+/clustering: clusterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then the class breaks into groups: Newcomers in a small cluster, returning fighters in a larger circle, brandishing their weapons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rubin’s thesis in 1954 showed that galaxies are not distributed uniformly throughout the universe, but tend to cluster and rotate around one another.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The sewing companies cluster in several dilapidated neighborhoods around downtown Los Angeles.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 丛; 簇，串; 群; [语言]辅音群
vi. 丛生; 群聚
vt. 使密集，使聚集
时态：clustered, clustering, clusters
分布：群(60%)，群集(27%)，簇(6%)，丛(2%)，串(2%)，丛生(2%)，使成群(1%)
→词源同clod,clot.即大块形状。
n.丛,群,串v.群集,丛生The freezing children were clustered together.快冻僵的小孩子们缩在一块.
【记】源于clot（v 凝成块）
US [-tɚ] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something （同类物聚集的）串，丛，束，群
• Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph. 看看这张照片上的星系群。
• There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs. 一大群仰慕者围着他，找他签名。
n. 群； [植] 簇；丛；串
 - gang, bunch, qun
vi. 群聚；丛生
 - bush
vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围
 - converge

Word: clamp
Front: clamp
[klæmp] (六托雅宝 8228/8614 -2)
Vocabulary: clamp
(once / 1943 pages)
1nv 2v
A clamp is a tool that's used to secure two things tightly together. When you repair a chair, it's best to use a clamp to hold the glued pieces together firmly.
Carpenters, woodworkers, and plumbers all use clamps when they want to hold things together while they wait for glue to dry or need their hands free. When you use this kind of device, you can also say you clamp something: "Clamp that board down for me before I turn the saw on." Clamp most likely shares a Germanic root with the word clam — *klam-, "to press together."
WORD FAMILY
clamp: clamped, clamping, clamps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the mini-farm, PVC pipes and wires run here and there, connecting to clamps and switches.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But the Raiders clamped down on defense and allowed two baskets over the ensuing five minutes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Did Dallas clamp down on Young, or did the Lakers get away from the game plan?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 夹紧，夹住; 锁住; 把（砖等）堆高，堆存; 脚步很重地走
n. 钳，夹子; 压板，压铁; 车轮锁; （砖等的）堆
vt. 紧紧抓住; 紧夹住; 被抓住; 被夹紧
时态：clamped, clamping, clamps
分布：夹子(49%)，夹住(25%)，压制(10%)，螺丝钳(10%)，强加(6%)
→来自glei,黏，粘，词源同clay,glue.词义外延至夹子，夹具等，比较clam,clasp,clip.
【记】clam（n 蛤蛎）作为词根：夹紧－钳子
noun countable
■a device, made of wood or metal, which is used to hold two things together tightly 夹具；夹钳；夹子
• Carefully tighten the clamp until it firmly supports the pipette in a vertical position. 小心翼翼地把夹子夹紧，直到能把移液管牢牢地垂直固定好为止。
[klæmp] verb
FASTEN 夹紧
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten two things together, using a clamp （用夹具）夹紧，夹住
• Clamp the two pieces of wood (together) for 15 minutes. 把两块木片夹紧，夹15分钟。
transitive mainly UK
■If the police or another person in authority clamps a vehicle, they fix a metal device to one of its wheels, usually because it is parked illegally. The device is usually only removed when the owner pays an amount of money 用夹锁锁住（违例停泊车辆的车轮）
• When I finally got back, I found my car had been clamped. 等我终于赶回来时，发现我的车已被车轮夹锁给锁住了。
⇒ See also wheel clamp
[klæmp] verb
HOLD TIGHTLY 紧紧抓住
transitive + adverb or preposition
■If you clamp something in a particular place, you hold it there tightly 紧紧抓住；牢牢固定住
• He clamped his hand over her mouth. 他用手死死地捂住她的嘴巴。
• A heavy iron chain was clamped around his wrists. 沉重的铁铐紧紧地锁住了他的手腕。
[klæmp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  clamp down on sth
■to take strong action to stop or limit a harmful or unwanted activity 取缔；严禁；强行限制；压制
• The government is clamping down on teenage drinking. 政府严禁青少年喝酒。
vt. [机] 夹紧，固定住
 - keep in place, grip

Word: patiently
Front: patiently
['peɪʃntlɪ] (8234/8575)
Back: adv. 耐心地，坚韧不拔地
分布：耐心地(100%)
N-COUNT
患者；病人
A patient is a person who is receiving medical treatment from a doctor or hospital. A patient is also someone who is registered with a particular doctor.
例：The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient's chances...病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
例：She was tough but wonderful with her patients...她很严厉，但对患者却很好。
ADJ-GRADED
能忍耐的；有耐心的
If you are patient, you stay calm and do not get annoyed, for example when something takes a long time, or when someone is not doing what you want them to do.
例：Please be patient — your cheque will arrive...请耐心点——你的支票会来的。
例：He was endlessly kind and patient with children.他对孩子们总是非常好，很有耐心。

Word: armored
Front: armored
['ɑ:məd] (托 8233/-)
Back: adj. 装甲的; 配备有装甲车辆的
v. 为…穿盔甲（或加置装甲） ( armor的过去式和过去分词 ); 为…提供防御
分布：装甲的(89%)，动词armor的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
adj. 装甲的
 - steel-clad, mailed

Word: sage
Front: sage
[seɪdʒ] (宝 8214/11582 -1)
Vocabulary: sage
(once / 393 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Use the word sage for someone or something wise and judicious. Thanks to the sage advice of your friend, you didn't write your teacher an angry e-mail!
Although you might think of a wizard when you hear the word sage, really it means a wise man. Today you see it used to refer to someone who has insight in a particular field. If someone is a policy sage, he knows just what advice to give politicians to make them understand the issue and respond successfully to it. In a totally unrelated use, there is also a plant called sage that is useful in home remedies and cooking.
WORD FAMILY
sage: sagely, sager, sages, sagest
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a sage decision in the current hyperpartisan climate.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Sage grouse live in 11 Western states, but their numbers are down significantly because of habitat loss.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On this date in 1947, Henry Chee Dodge, the first chairman of the Navajo Tribal Council, died at Sage Memorial Hospital at age 86.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 圣人; 智者; 贤人; 鼠尾草（可用作调料）
adj. 贤明的; 明智的
级别：sager, sagest
分布：圣人(49%)，鼠尾草(24%)，明智的(9%)，贤明的(8%)，哲人(8%)，蒿属植物(2%)
→来自古法语 sage,智慧的，博学的，来自 Gallo-Roman*sabius,来自拉丁语 sapere,品尝，品味， 鉴别，来自 sap,品尝，词源同 sap,savant,savor.引申诸相关词义。sage 鼠尾草
贤人,哲人[sog=know,表示"知道"]
adjective literary
■wise, especially as a result of great experience （尤指因经验丰富而）明智的，睿智的
• sage advice 明智的忠告
• my sage old grandfather 我那睿智的老祖父
[seɪdʒ] noun
PLANT 植物
uncountable
■a plant whose greyish green leaves are used as a herb to give flavour to some foods 鼠尾草，洋苏草（其灰绿色的叶子可用作香草调味）
• sage-and-onion stuffing 鼠尾草和洋葱制成的馅
[seɪdʒ] noun
WISE 明智的
countable literary or humorous
■a person, especially an old man, who is wise 智者，贤人（尤指老人）
n. 圣人；贤人；哲人
 - saint, sadu
adj. 明智的；贤明的；审慎的
 - wise, calculating, advisable, sensible

Word: trooper
Front: trooper
[ˈtru:pə(r)] (8219/12958 -1)
Back: n. （低军衔的）骑兵; 伞兵; 运兵船
分布：骑兵(89%)，运兵船(11%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
SOLDIER 士兵
■a soldier who belongs to the lowest rank in the part of an army that fights in strong military vehicles or on horses （军衔最低的）装甲兵，骑兵
UK ['tru:.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
POLICE OFFICER 员警 US a police officer in one of the forces of the 50 political areas of the United States 州员警
• state troopers 州员警
• Troopers are called out in emergencies or dangerous situations. 在紧急或危险的情况下可出动州员警。
UK ['tru:.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
swear like a trooper
■to swear a lot 破口大骂
• He was extremely drunk and swearing like a trooper. 他喝得酩酊大醉，嘴里骂个不停。
n. [军] 骑兵；骑警；伞兵；部队运输船
 - cavalry, horseback police

Word: hack
Front: hack
[hæk] (宝 8227/8661 -2)
Vocabulary: hack
(once / 521 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v 5v 6v 7n 8n
To hack is to cut or chop something with short strong blows, like if you hack your way through a thick jungle with a machete. To hack is also to illegally break into someone’s computer.
The Old English root word is haccian, which means “to cut into pieces,” but hack also means to cough frequently. A tickle in your throat can make you hack. If you call someone a hack, you mean they’re not great at what they do — especially writing. A mediocre writer is called a hack. Once upon a time hack was short for “an ordinary horse,” and now it’s an insult for writers. No one wants to be a hack!
WORD FAMILY
hack: hacked, hacker, hacking, hacks+/ hacker: hackers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sareen got his start by hacking into webcams and turning them into body scanners.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“I’m not an email person myself,” Trump echoed during that infamous July news conference in which he invited Russia to hack Hillary Clinton’s email.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The document was intended to help companies mitigate Russian hacking and report any suspicious activity to the government.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 乱劈，乱砍; 开垦; 出租马车
n. 劈，砍; 干咳; 乘用马
时态：hacked, hacking, hacks
分布：雇佣文人(36%)，咳嗽(24%)，乱踢(16%)，劈或砍(16%)，供出租的马车(8%)
→来自keg,砍，劈，钩，词源同hook,haggle,hew.引申词义侵入别人的计算机，即黑掉。hack 供人骑的马，出租车，雇佣文人
【记】读：黑客－喜欢在别人的主页上乱侃（乱砍），当然有时候是受雇于人的，充当一下雇佣文人的角色，而雇佣文人写出文章的特点是陈腐平庸的，这主要是因为他们的眼睛看到的东西是陈腐平庸的hackneyed见下
verb
CUT 切
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to cut into pieces in a rough and violent way, often without aiming exactly 砍，切，劈
• Three villagers were hacked to death in a savage attack. 三名村民在一场野蛮打斗中被砍死。
• Don't just hack (away) at the bread - cut it properly! 不要乱切面包——好好地切！
• The butcher hacked off a large chunk of meat. 屠夫砍下了一大块肉。
• figurative The article had been hacked about (= carelessly changed) so much it was scarcely recognizable. 被大刀阔斧地删改之后，这篇文章几乎面目全非了。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition UK
■in football and rugby, to kick the ball away or to foul (= act against the rules) by kicking another player in the leg （足球或橄榄球运动中）将（球）踢出，踢（人）犯规
• Platt was twice hacked down in the second half by the other team's sweeper. 普拉特在下半场两次被对方的自由中卫铲倒。
[hæk] verb
COMPUTING 电脑技术
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to get into someone else's computer system without permission in order to find out information or do something illegal 未经允许侵入他人的电脑系统（来窃取资讯或从事非法勾当）
• Computer hacking has become very widespread over the last decade. 电脑骇客现象在过去十年里非常普遍。
• A programmer had managed to hack into some top-secret government data. 一个程式设计师设法用骇客手段窃取了一些绝对机密的政府资料。
[hæk] verb
MANAGE 处理
transitive usually in negatives informal
■to manage to deal successfully with something 对付，处理
• I tried working on the night shift for a while, but I just couldn't hack it. 我试着上了一段时间的夜班，但还是受不了。
[hæk] verb
HORSE 马
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (also go hacking)
■to ride a horse in the countryside （在乡间）骑马
[hæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hack sb off mainly UK informal
■to make someone feel annoyed 激怒（某人）
• He leaves all the difficult stuff for me to do and it really hacks me off. 他把所有的难题都留给我，真把我惹恼了。
[hæk] noun countable
WRITER 作家 disapproving
■a journalist (= writer for newspapers or magazines) whose work is low in quality or does not have much imagination 雇佣文人（捉刀者； 写手）（指受雇为报刊撰写庸俗文章者）
• Fleet Street hacks 舰队街的写手
[hæk] noun countable
POLITICIAN 政客 disapproving
■a politician, especially one who is not important （尤指无足轻重的）政客
• tired old party hacks 迂腐的老政客
[hæk] noun countable
HORSE 马
■a ride on a horse in the countryside 乡间骑马
[hæk] noun countable
DRIVER/CAR 驾驶者／汽车 US informal
■(the driver of) a car which is available for rent, especially a taxi 供出租的汽车；计程车司机
hack, cut, chop
这组词都有“切、砍”的意思，其区别是：
hack: 指粗暴地乱剪、乱砍、乱劈。
cut: 普通用词，使用广泛。指用带刃工具的切、割、砍等的行动。
chop: 指用刀斧连续猛力砍某物，以便砍断、切碎。
n. 砍，劈；出租马车
 - chop, cab
vt. 砍；出租
 - rent, lease out
vi. 砍
 - chop

Word: irrational
Front: irrational
[ɪˈræʃənl] (8231/8527 -1)
Vocabulary: irrational
(once / 1824 pages)
1adj 2adjn
If you're a straight-A student and still you worry about failing all of your classes, you're being irrational. Your fears are not based on fact and not likely to come true.
Usually you use irrational to describe ideas and thoughts that are not based on reason, although emotions and behavior can be irrational too if they don't seem reasonable. Do you jump onto a chair and scream when you see a mouse? If so, you have an irrational fear of mice, or musophobia. If someone takes a swing at you for failing to say excuse me when you burp, both their anger and their actions could be called irrational.
WORD FAMILY
irrational: irrationality, irrationally, irrationals+/irrationality: irrationalities/ rational: irrational, nonrational, rationalise, rationalism, rationality, rationalize, rationally, rationalness, rationals/rationalisation: rationalisations/rationalise: rationalisation, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising/ rationalism: rationalist, rationalistic/rationalist: rationalists/rationalistic: rationalistically/ rationality: rationalities/ rationalization: rationalizations/ rationalize: rationalization, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wrote several columns about the harm that an irrational attachment to firearms causes.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There are signs, however, that craft brewing is being driven by what a late-night drinker might call irrational exuberance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合理的，荒谬的; 无理性的; [数]无理的
n. 无理数; 无理性的生物
分布：不合理的(61%)，无理性的(27%)，无理数(12%)
→ir-,不，非，rational,理智的，合逻辑的。
不合理的(ir+rational合理的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
【记】rational（adj 理性的；合理的）
adjective
■not using reason or clear thinking 不理智的，没有理性的
• It's totally irrational, but I'm frightened of mice. 这很荒唐，但我的确害怕老鼠。
• His parents were worried by his increasingly irrational behaviour. 他的父母因他的行为越来越乖僻而担忧。
adj. 不合理的；无理性的；荒谬的
 - unreasonable, reasonless
n. [数] 无理数
 - surd

Word: pristine
Front: pristine
[ˈprɪsti:n] (托宝 8232/13985 -1)
Vocabulary: pristine
(once / 4267 pages)
adj
If something is pristine it's immaculately clean or has never been used. So please check your shoes before walking on a pristine white carpet.
A long, long time ago pristine was used to describe primitive or ancient things. It wasn’t until 1899 that the word grew to mean "unspoiled" or "pure." Ecologists strive to preserve pristine rain forests, just as vacationers are always looking for a pristine strip of beach to lounge on. A new car should arrive to you in pristine condition, and hopefully you'll do your best to keep it that way.
WORD FAMILY
pristine: pristinely
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first it was pretty standard fare: She posed, framed by feathers, as a glittering pop princess through a pristine, apparently lip-synced “Auld Lang Syne.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A group of nations that included the United States, China and Russia also agreed to protect a vast swath of pristine, life-supporting ocean off Antarctica.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“This is just the kind of public access and recreation that will be needed as the region grows, it is really pristine.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 太古的，原始状态的; 纯朴的，纯洁的; 未受腐蚀的，新鲜的
分布：原始的(74%)，纯朴的(14%)，清新的(8%)，未受损的(4%)
→来自拉丁语pristinus,先前的，最早的，原始的，来自古拉丁语pri,先前，早先，来自per,向前，词源同forth,first.-ist,最高级后缀。引申词义清新的，古朴的等。
纯洁的;新鲜的(prist[=first]+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
【记】prist＝prim（adj 最早的）p屁，ris升起，tine＝time：屁股抬起来的时候已经干净了－纯洁的
【反】corrupted by civilization（被文明腐蚀的）；squalid（adj 肮脏的）；contaminated（v 被污染的）；taint（v 感染；n 污点）
US [prɪ'sti:n] formal approving
adjective
■new or almost new, and in very good condition 崭新的；状态良好的
• pristine new offices 崭新的办公室
• Washing machine for sale - only 2 months old and in pristine condition. 出售洗衣机——只用了两个月，完好如新。
adj. 原始的，古时的；纯朴的
 - original, primitive

Word: paperback
Front: paperback
[ˈpeɪpəbæk] (研 8235/7936 -2)
Back: n. 平装本，平装书
分布：平装书(78%)，普及本(11%)，纸封面本(11%)
→paper,纸，back,封面。比较hardback.
n.平装本,简装本This bookshop only sells paperbacks.这书店只出售平装本的书.
US [-pɚ-] noun countable
■a book with a cover made of thin card 平装书，简装本
• a best-selling paperback 一本畅销的平装书
• I'll buy some paperbacks at the airport. 我要在机场买几本平装书。
• It will be published in paperback (= as a paperback) in March. 这本书将于三月份以平装本形式出版。
Compare hardback ; softback

Word: boutique
Front: boutique
[bu:ˈti:k] (8236/15069 -1)
Vocabulary: boutique
(once / 4130 pages)
n
A boutique is a small shop, especially one that sells women's clothes and jewelry. If you like to shop, you probably love going to all the little boutiques downtown.
Boutique comes from a French word of the same spelling, which means any small shop. The word has its roots in the Greek word apotheke, meaning "a warehouse." The same root word also gave rise to the English word apothecary. The word boutique often has an air of exclusivity. The boutiques on Fifth Avenue in New York can be so expensive that you might feel like you can't even afford to walk in the door.
WORD FAMILY
boutique: boutiques
USAGE EXAMPLES
Think unique neighborhoods, boutique hotels and other only in experiences.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s a vibrant place with buzzing sidewalk cafes, bars and independent boutiques, including a honey shop managed by a local beekeeper.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
For many independent boutiques, business was apparently booming.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （女士）时装店，，精品店; 精品店
分布：精品店(90%)，专卖流行衣服的小商店(10%)
→来自apothecary的变体。apo, 离开，收好。thec, 放置，词源同do. 原指仓库或衣服仓库。
noun countable
■a small shop that sells fashionable clothes, shoes, jewellery, etc. 卖流行服饰的小商店，精品店

Word: abnormal
Front: abnormal
[æbˈnɔ:ml] (高研四六托雅 8241/6548 -1)
Vocabulary: abnormal
(once / 871 pages)
adj
If you get a snowstorm in the middle of July, you could say that you are experiencing “abnormal weather.” Something that is abnormal is out of the ordinary, or not typical.
Abnormal is a combination of the Latin prefix ab which means “away from,” and the English word normal. It essentially means “not normal,” or "unusual.” Abnormal implies that whatever is “not normal” is also undesirable. However, abnormal is sometimes used in a positive context. The phrase “abnormal intelligence,” for instance, usually refers to someone with especially high intelligence.
WORD FAMILY
abnormal: abnormalcy, abnormality, abnormally+/abnormality: abnormalities/ normal: abnormal, normalcy, normalise, normality, normalize, normally, normals, subnormal, supernormal/ normalcy: normalcies/normalise: normalisation, normalised, normaliser, renormalise/ normality: normalities/ normalize: normalization, normalized, normalizer, normalizes, normalizing, renormalize/subnormal: subnormality, subnormally, subnormals/subnormality: subnormalities/supernormal: supernormally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s sad. It’s traumatic. It’s abnormal, and we need to do something about it.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“It’s sad. It’s traumatic. It’s abnormal and we need to do something about it.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s not that he decorates with an abnormal amount of lights, just that he repairs the castoffs of others with an uncommon measure of care.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 反常的，异常的; 不规则的; 变态的，畸形的; 邪门儿
分布：不正常的(56%)，反常的(26%)，变态的(13%)，不正常的人(5%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，非。normal,正常。
反常的(ab+normal正常的)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
异常的,反常的(ab离开+normal正常的)[norm=rule,norm,表示"规则,规范"]
a.反常的,不正常的,不规则的Normally, enormous deformation is abnormal.通常,巨大的变形是不正常的.
US [-'nɔ:r-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■different from what is usual or average, especially in a way that is bad 反常的，异常的，变态的（尤指不好的）
• abnormal behaviour/weather/conditions 反常的行为／天气／情况
• Tests revealed some abnormal skin cells. 检验结果显示一些皮肤细胞异常。
abnormal, unusual
abnormal: 变态的，反常的
unusual: 不常见的，不普通的，难得的
uncommon, abnormal, disordered
这组词都有“反常的”的意思，其区别是：
uncommon: a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。
 • Hurricanes are uncommon in England.   飓风在英国非常罕见。
 • That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!   那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！
abnormal: a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
 • His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.   他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)
disordered: a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。
 • We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.   我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
 • hehe, then I'd better face my belly downward the ground.
adj. 反常的，不规则的；变态的
 - unnatural, eccentric

Word: diver
Front: diver
[ˈdaɪvə(r)] (托宝 8238/8902)
Back: n. 潜水员; 跳水者，跳水运动员; 潜鸟; 〈俚〉潜水艇
分布：潜水员(90%)，跳水者(10%)
US [-vɚ] noun countable
■a person who dives as a sport, or who works or searches for things under water using special breathing equipment 跳水运动员；潜水员
• He was a diver on a North Sea oil rig. 他是北海石油钻井平台的潜水员。
n. [水运] 潜水者；跳水的选手；潜鸟
 - ducker, plunger

Word: creditor
Front: creditor
[ˈkredɪtə(r)] (托 8246/3611 -2)
Vocabulary: creditor
(once / 625 pages)
n
If Joe loans you two dollars so you can buy a cup of coffee, Joe is your creditor — you owe him two dollars and a big thank you!
If you have a credit card, the bank that issues it to you is your creditor. What they give you is not a piece of plastic, rather it is a line of credit or a certain amount of money that they have agreed to loan you at fixed terms. Make sure you pay it off every month or you'll become a debtor!
WORD FAMILY
creditor: creditors+/ credit: creditable, credited, crediting, creditor, credits, discredit /creditable: creditably/ discredit: discreditable, discredited, discrediting, discredits/discreditable: discreditably
USAGE EXAMPLES
In November, it turned to Blumberg to forge settlements with creditors.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There were too many creditors in line ahead of the Bakken oil field workers.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He also wrote more than $3.4 million in bad checks to other creditors.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 债权人，债主; [会]贷方
分布：债权人(90%)，债主(10%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who money is owed to 债权人，债主
• The company couldn't pay its creditors. 该公司无力向债权人偿债。
Compare debtor
n. [法] 债权人，贷方
 - debtee, loaner

Word: pit
Front: pit
[pɪt] (研四六托雅 3857/2882 -3)
Vocabulary: pit
(once / 279 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A pit is a hole in the ground, like the one in Poe’s “The Pit and the Pendulum” that the narrator tries not to fall into. A pit can also be smaller indentation. There’s also a pit hiding inside a peach.
Pit is a word with a wide variety of meanings. There's the pit you dig on the beach as a moat for your sandcastle, and the pit a hunter digs for trapping an animal. Then there's the sunken area of a performance hall where musicians play, an orchestra pit, and the area that's reserved for certain activity, like the trading pit at a stock exchange. Finally, a pit is also a large, hard seed — like a peach pit.
WORD FAMILY
pit: pits, pitted, pitting+/pitting: pittings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The restrictions include bans on wood in fireplaces and outdoor fire pits.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The biggest game of the week pits the Packers against the Lions for the NFC North title.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Their showdown pits the Tigers’ mostly aerial attack against a Buckeyes offense that dominates with a punishing ground game and the run-pass option.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 井; 煤矿; 麻子; （赛车道旁的）修理加油站
vt. 使有麻子; 使有凹陷
vi. 凹陷; 起凹点
时态：pitted, pitting, pits
分布：坑(77%)，矿井(8%)，陷阱(5%)，凹陷(5%)，使竞争(2%)，使凹陷(2%)，凹痕(1%)
→来自古英语pytt,水坑，井，来自Proto-Germanic*puttjaz,水坑，井，借自拉丁语puteur,水坑，井，来自peue,清洗，纯化，词源同pure,purity.引申坑，井，洞，休息区等多种词义。pit 核，果核
n.坑,陷阱;煤矿,矿井It's a pity that the spitbox in the pit was hit and split.遗憾的是坑内的痰盂被打裂.
noun countable
PLACE/AREA 地方／区域
 ADVANCED
■a large hole in the ground, or a slightly low area in any surface 坑；麻子，痘痕
• They'd dug a shallow pit and left the bodies in it. 他们挖了一个浅坑把尸体扔在里面。
• These pits in my skin are from when I had chickenpox. 我皮肤上的麻子是我出水痘时留下的。
⇒ See also armpit;sandpit
 ADVANCED
■a coal mine or an area of land from which a natural substance is taken by digging 矿道，矿井
• The coal-mining industry wants new pits to be opened. 煤矿业需要开凿新的矿井。
• a gravel/chalk pit 砾石／白垩坑
■slang
■a very untidy or dirty place 异常凌乱的地方；肮脏的地方
• I'm afraid my room is a complete pit! 恐怕我的房间乱得一塌糊涂！
the pit only singular
■in a theatre, the seats at the lowest level, or the orchestra pit 剧院的正厅后座；乐池，乐队席
the pits [plural] informal
■something that is of extremely low quality 品质极为低劣之物
• The hotel we stayed in was the pits! 我们住的饭店实在太糟糕了！
■the area next to a motor race track where the cars are given fuel or repaired during a race 赛车场的检修加油站
[pɪt] noun countable
SEED 种子 US for stone (SEED)
[pɪt] noun countable
pit of your stomach
■the part of the body in which people say they feel fear or nervousness 胸口，心窝；心底
• I got a sick feeling/a knot in the pit of my stomach when the news of the attack was announced. 当发动攻击的消息宣布时，我感到胸口很难受／心揪得紧紧的。
[pɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)US for stone (SEED)
[pɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pit sb/sth against sb/sth
■to cause one person, group or thing to fight against or be in competition with another 使相斗；使竞争；使较量
• It was a bitter civil war, that pitted neighbour against neighbour. 那是一场可怕的内战，使人和人之间相互为敌。
• [R] The climbers pitted themselves against the mountain. 攀登者与大山一较高下。
pit your wits against sb/sth
■to see if you can be cleverer than someone or something 与…斗智
• Would you like to pit your wits against our quiz champion? 你想和我们的益智竞赛冠军斗智吗？
hollow, cavity, pit, cave, hole
这组词都有“洞、穴”的意思，其区别是：
hollow: 通常指表面上的坑或凹处，也指物体内部的空洞。
cavity: 比hole正式，指实体内中或表面的空洞或空腔。
pit: 指天然的大洞，尤指地上的洞，也指为采掘矿物而挖的深洞。
cave: 指出洞、窑洞或溶洞，可以是天然的或人造的。
hole: 最普通用词，泛指实体上的洞、孔或坑，不涉及其大小、深浅或穿透与否。
n. [矿业] 矿井；深坑；陷阱；（物体或人体表面上的）凹陷；（英国剧场的）正厅后排；正厅后排的观众
 - mine, trap
vt. 使竞争；窖藏；使凹下；去…之核；使留疤痕
 - cache
vi. 凹陷；起凹点
 - cave, sink marks

Word: navigation
Front: navigation
[ˌnævɪˈgeɪʃn] (研四六托雅 8237/7152 -1)
Vocabulary: navigation
(once / 461 pages)
n
Navigation is all about figuring out how to get somewhere. If you are lost, hopefully your cell phone can act as a navigation device.
You're most likely to come across the noun navigation when you're learning to sail a boat or pilot a ship or airplane. Large vessels that travel long distances often need some help in planning a route and following it, and that's exactly what navigation is all about. The Latin word navigare, "to sail, sail over, go by sea, steer a ship," is at the root of navigation, and it in turn comes from navis, "ship."
WORD FAMILY
navigation: navigational, navigations+/ circumnavigate: circumnavigated, circumnavigates, circumnavigating, circumnavigation/circumnavigation: circumnavigations/ navigable: navigability, unnavigable/ navigate: circumnavigate, navigable, navigated, navigates, navigating, navigation, navigator /navigational: navigationally/ navigator: navigators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those features—along with Wi-Fi, navigation systems and so many sensors—are paving the road for our connected, driverless future.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Over time, Google said, it will probably allow users to send directions to their phone for step-by-step navigation.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The merger created a larger global navigation chart for Norwegian, which primarily sailed in the Caribbean, Alaska and Europe.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 航行（学）; 航海（术）; 海上交通
分布：导航(84%)，航行(10%)，航海(6%)
n.航海,航空;导航,领航By the navigation of microwave, the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea.借助微波导航,海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路.
noun uncountable
■the act of directing a ship, aircraft, etc. from one place to another, or the science of finding a way from one place to another 领航（术）；导航（术）
• In the past, navigation depended on a knowledge of the positions of the stars. 过去，导航在很大程度上依靠对星星位置的认识。
• Mechanics discovered problems with the plane's navigation system. 机械师发现了飞机导航系统所出的问题。
n. [航] 航行； [水运] 航海
 - salling, siling

Word: hollow
Front: hollow
[ˈhɒləʊ] (研四六托 7413/7023 -K2)
Vocabulary: hollow
(once / 171 pages)
adjnv
If something is hollow, it is empty on the inside. A chocolate Easter bunny looks like so much chocolate until you realize that it is hollow and quickly eaten.
The idea of emptiness is apparent in the other uses for hollow too. A valley between mountains is called a hollow and if you're really thin, you may have hollow cheeks. Things like words and promises are hollow if the person uttering them does not intend to keep them. And a hollow victory is not very satisfying, as it means that you have reached your goal, but lost something more important along the way.
WORD FAMILY
hollow: hollowed, hollower, hollowest, hollowing, hollowly, hollowness, hollows+/hollowness: hollownesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the beefs with “Captain Fantastic” is that it promotes an all-or-nothing extremism that rings hollow.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The supernatural drama “Sleepy Hollow” scares up a fourth season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She dismissed them as harsh judgments and hollow words from people she did not trust.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 空的; 空洞的; 虚伪的; 空腹的
n. 洞，坑; 山谷
vt. & vi. 挖空（某物），变空; 挖出（孔、洞）
adv. 完全，彻底
时态：hollowed, hollowing, hollows
分布：空的(35%)，洞(28%)，空洞的(12%)，山谷(9%)，挖空(5%)，凹陷的(3%)，虚伪的(3%)，窟窿(2%)，形成空洞(1%)，完全地(1%)，彻底(1%)
→来自古英语holh,空洞，洞，穴，词源同hole.引申词义空洞的，虚伪的。
a.空的,中空的;空洞的,空虚的v.挖空,凿空The fellow's yellow pillow is hollowed by his follower.那个家伙的黄色枕头被他的跟随者掏空了.
US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
EMPTY 空的
 ADVANCED
■having a hole or empty space inside 空的，空心的
• a hollow tube 空心管子
• Hollow blocks are used because they are lighter. 使用空心砖是因为它们更轻。
• a hollow log 空心的原木
hollow cheeks/eyes
■If someone has hollow cheeks or eyes, their cheeks curve in or their eyes look deep in their head because they are old, tired, or ill. 凹陷的脸颊／眼窝
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
NOT SINCERE 虚伪的
■(of situations, feelings or words) without value; not true or sincere （局面、情感或言语）无价值的，空洞的，虚伪的
• It was something of a hollow victory - she won the case but lost all her savings in legal fees. 这是一个毫无价值的胜利——她赢了诉讼，却也为此花光了所有积蓄。
• Even sex had become a hollow pleasure. 甚至连性都变得无聊乏味，失去了原有的乐趣。
• Will their good intentions become realities or are they just hollow promises? 他们的美好愿望会变成现实吗？或者只是空口诺言？
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
SOUND 声音
■(of sound) as if made by hitting an empty container （声音）空洞的，低沉的
• a hollow sound 低沉的声音
• This tree trunk sounds hollow. 这棵树的树干敲起来声音空洞。
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
ring/sound hollow
■If something someone says rings hollow, it does not sound true or sincere. 显得虚假；听起来不诚恳
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hollow sth out
■to make an empty space inside something 把…挖空；使变空
• Sand carried by the wind has hollowed out the base of the cliff. 风挟带的沙子将悬崖的底部掏空了。
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] noun countable
■a hole or empty space in something, or a low area in a surface 坑；洞
• The dog found a hollow in the ground to hide in from the wind. 那只狗在地上发现了一个可以钻进去避风的洞。
■(also Hollow) US
■a valley 山谷
• We used to go for long walks in the hollow. 我们以前常去山谷远足。
• Sleepy Hollow 睡谷
hollow, cavity, pit, cave, hole
这组词都有“洞、穴”的意思，其区别是：
hollow: 通常指表面上的坑或凹处，也指物体内部的空洞。
cavity: 比hole正式，指实体内中或表面的空洞或空腔。
pit: 指天然的大洞，尤指地上的洞，也指为采掘矿物而挖的深洞。
cave: 指出洞、窑洞或溶洞，可以是天然的或人造的。
hole: 最普通用词，泛指实体上的洞、孔或坑，不涉及其大小、深浅或穿透与否。
open, blank, vacant, hollow, empty
这组词都有“空的”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
blank: 指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
vacant: 普通用词，侧重某物或某个位置没有被占用。
hollow: 指物体中间是空的。
empty: 指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
adj. 空的；中空的，空腹的；凹的；虚伪的
 - empty, artificial, false, bare, vacant
n. 洞；山谷；窟窿
 - hole, cavity
vi. 形成空洞
 - cavitate
adv. 彻底地；无用地
 - thoroughly, entirely, completely, fully, tight

Word: plaster
Front: plaster
[ˈplɑ:stə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 8240/6048 -1)
Vocabulary: plaster
(once / 589 pages)
1nv 2nv
Plaster is a building material that's applied as a wet paste and dries very hard and smooth. The walls inside your house might be made of plaster.
New houses typically have interior walls made of drywall, rather than plaster, but older homes usually have many plaster surfaces. Plaster starts as a mixture of lime, gypsum, sand, or cement that's mixed with water. This soft substance is applied to surfaces where it hardens — either for walls, works of art, or as casts used to hold broken bones steady. In Britain, a plaster is also a sticky bandage, while an American would call this a Band-Aid.
WORD FAMILY
plaster: plastered, plasterer, plastering, plasters+/plasterer: plasterers/plastering: plasterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Its central whodunit involves half a dozen plaster busts of former Prime Minister Margaret “Iron Lady” Thatcher.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Ancient bricks, mortar and plaster aren’t the only targets here, however.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 灰泥，涂墙泥; 石膏; 膏药
vt. 涂以灰泥; 在…上敷贴膏药; 减轻; 黏贴
时态：plastered, plastering, plasters
分布：石膏(65%)，灰泥(22%)，膏药(10%)，涂以灰泥(1%)，敷以膏药(1%)，使 ... 平(1%)
→来自拉丁语plastrum,灰泥，石膏，来自希腊语plastos,形成的，铺平的，来自plassein,形成，铺开，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
膏药[plas=mold(模式)]
n.灰泥;熟石膏;膏药I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
US ['plæs.tɚ] noun
SUBSTANCE 物质
uncountable
■a substance which becomes hard as it dries and is used especially for spreading on walls and ceilings in order to give a smooth surface 灰泥，灰浆
• The plaster on the walls was cracked and flaking. 墙上的灰泥出现了裂缝，正在剥落。
⇒ See also plasterboard
in plaster UK (US in a cast)
■If a part of your body is in plaster, it has a plaster cast (= protective covering) around it to protect it while the bone heals 打着石膏
• My leg was in plaster for about six weeks. 我的腿打了六周左右的石膏。
UK ['plɑ:.stər] US ['plæs.tɚ] noun
STICKY MATERIAL 黏性物质
countable or uncountable UK (UK also sticking plaster) (US trademark Band-Aid)
■a small piece of sticky material used to cover and protect a cut in the skin 膏药，创可贴
• a box of waterproof plasters 一盒防水创可贴
• Put a plaster on it so that it doesn't get infected. 在上面贴上创可贴，这样就不会感染了。
UK ['plɑ:.stər] US ['plæs.tɚ] verb
transitive
■to spread plaster on a surface （用灰泥）抹，粉刷
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to make something stick in a flat smooth layer 使紧贴，使黏贴
• The torrential rain had plastered her hair to her head. 暴雨使她的头发紧贴在头上。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to cover a surface or an object with something completely or thickly 大量张贴，贴满
• She had plastered her bedroom walls with photos of pop stars. 她的卧室墙上贴满了流行歌手的照片。
• The car was plastered with mud. 汽车沾满泥泞。
• The story was plastered all over (= printed so that it completely covered) the front page of the newspaper. 这则报道完全占据了报纸的头版。
n. 石膏；灰泥；膏药
 - plaister, gypse
vt. 减轻；粘贴；涂以灰泥；敷以膏药；使平服
 - stick, moderate

Word: redemption
Front: redemption
[rɪˈdempʃn] (8244/7881 -1)
Vocabulary: redemption
(once / 869 pages)
1n 2n
Redemption is the buying back of something. You might try for redemption by attempting to buy back a bike you sold, or you might attempt to buy back your soul after you steal someone else’s bike.
Redemption comes from the Latin word redimere, a combination of re(d)-, meaning “back,” and emere, meaning “buy.” Redemption is what some people claim happens to your soul when you're saved from evil forces. You might pray for redemption — to the tooth fairy, to Zeus, or to some other kind of invisible being — in the hopes that an all-powerful being can save your soul. Redemption can also refer to the repayment of a debt.
WORD FAMILY
redemption: redemptional, redemptions+/ deem: deemed, deeming, deems, redeem / irredeemable: irredeemably/ redeem: redeemable, redeemed, redeemer, redeeming, redeems, redemption, redemptive, redemptory/redeemable: irredeemable, unredeemable/redeemed: unredeemed/redeemer: redeemers/ redeeming: redeemingly/ redemptive: redemptively/unredeemable: unredeemably/unredeemed: unredeemedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is something irresistible in the possibility of Schmidt’s redemption, even in its broad implausibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The ensuing heavy redemptions hurt performance and the fund’s record was forever tarnished.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
After devoting a year to getting back on top, Rousey is determined to earn her redemption Friday night with her skills, not her words.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 赎回; 偿还; 补救
分布：赎回(47%)，救赎(39%)，赎罪(11%)，补偿(3%)
→来自 redeem,拯救，救赎，-pt,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
赎回,买回(redeem的名词)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
noun
IMPROVE 补救
be beyond/past redemption
■to be too bad to be improved or saved by anyone 无可挽回；无可补救；不可救药
[rɪ'demp.ʃən] noun
RELIGION 宗教
uncountable
■(especially in Christianity) when someone is saved from evil, suffering, etc. （尤指基督教的）拯救，赎罪，救赎
n. 赎回；拯救； [金融] 偿还；实践
 - payment, practice, retrieval, salvation, repayment

Word: alpine
Front: alpine
[ˈælpaɪn] (8239/9045 -1)
Vocabulary: alpine
(once / 6228 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the word alpine to describe something that reminds you of high mountains. You could describe the distant clouds in the sky over the plains as "vaguely alpine."
A plant or animal that lives in the mountains is alpine, and your summer trip hiking in the Rocky Mountains is also alpine. The kind of skiing that requires a mountain to race down is alpine skiing, and moss that grows at very high altitudes is alpine moss. In fact, if something has to do with tall mountains, it's alpine. The word means "of the Alps," and if Alpine is capitalized, it is referring specifically to the Alps.
WORD FAMILY
alpine: subalpine
USAGE EXAMPLES
From fly fishing to alpine and nordic skiing to snowmobiling, it’s a tourist-based economy.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
When ski lifts weren’t operating, Miller hiked up snowfields and glaciers in alpine ski boots and with skis strapped to his backpack.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“She said: ‘That’s the alpine fault, the meeting of the Australian and Pacific plates’,” says Gray Eatwell.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 阿尔卑斯山的; 阿尔卑斯山区居民的; 高山的
n. 高山植物
分布：高山植物(36%)，阿尔卑斯山的(31%)，高山的(29%)，阿尔卑斯山区居民的(4%)
→来自词根alb, 白色。指有雪的高山。
adjective
■relating to the Alps (= the highest mountains in Europe) or other mountain areas 阿尔卑斯山的；高山的
• Our window looked out on a beautiful alpine scene. 我们的窗外是一片高山美景。
• Alpine ski resorts 阿尔卑斯山滑雪胜地
['æl.paɪn] noun countable (also alpine plant)
■a plant that grows naturally in high mountain areas where trees are unable to grow 高山植物
adj. 阿尔卑斯山的， [地理] 高山的
 - subalpine

Word: prosper
Front: prosper
[ˈprɒspə(r)] (研托 8251/8601 -1)
Vocabulary: prosper
(once / 609 pages)
v
As any fan of Star Trek knows, “live long and prosper” is good advice. The verb prosper means to do well, succeed, or thrive.
The verb prosper commonly means to generate wealth like, “the bank aims to prosper from its new investments.” But more generally it means “grow stronger” or "flourish" — such as “after a slow start, fall crops prosper,” or “we hope the animals will prosper in their new environment.” You can prosper from good advice or a wise decision, for example, “cheaters never prosper” is one piece of advice that you can prosper from.
WORD FAMILY
prosper: prospered, prospering, prospers
USAGE EXAMPLES
To care for your fellow creatures is to want them to be happy and prosper, to want to change what is causing them to suffer.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
We do not root for Mr. Trump to fail; we root for the nation to succeed and prosper.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Aberdeen prospered by being assertive and more certain in their attacking play.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 繁盛，成功
vt. 使…成功; 使…昌盛
时态：prospered, prospering, prospers
分布：成功(56%)，兴旺(42%)，繁盛(2%)
→pro-,向前，-sper,希望，兴旺，词源同speed,desperate.
繁荣(pro前面+sper→希望在前面→繁荣)[Sper=hope,表示"希望"]
v.成功,兴隆,昌盛,使成功,使昌隆,繁荣The rope is proper property to the prospering rope maker.绳子对成功的制绳者来说是真正的财产.
US ['prɑ:.spɚ] verb intransitive
■(of a person or a business) to be or become successful, especially financially （人或企业）成功；（尤指经济上）繁荣，昌盛
• A lot of microchip manufacturing companies prospered at that time. 当时许多生产晶片的公司都非常昌盛。
succeed, prosper, thrive, flourish
这组词都有“兴旺，成功”的意思，其区别是：
succeed: 表示成功，强调完成某件想往或企图去做的事，与fail相对。
prosper: 指持续不断地成功，也指越来越成功。
thrive: 指蓬勃发展，常指显而易见的成功。
flourish: 指处于成功、繁荣、进步的顶盛阶段。
vi. 繁荣，昌盛；成功
 - arrive, flower, win, thrive

Word: improper
Front: improper
[ɪmˈprɒpə(r)] (六 8245/9633 -1)
Vocabulary: improper
(once / 731 pages)
adj
Improper words and actions are inappropriate. They're not suited to the occasion or done in polite company. They’re just not proper!
Surprise! Improper is the opposite of proper. Something that’s improper goes against what people think is right. This could be a matter of politeness. For example, not giving up your seat for an elderly person is improper. Or it could be more serious, like going to school with no pants on. It could also be something uncool like meeting your best friend’s boyfriend for coffee without telling her. All improper things are wrong in someone's eyes.
WORD FAMILY
improper: improperly, improperness+/ proper: improper, properer, properest, properly, properness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Facebook spokesman says the company reviews reports of improper use quickly, often within 24 hours.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Setting minimum sale prices is common in many markets but lawyers say Chinese regulators appear to regard it as an improper restraint on competition.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Sheets was accused of improper disbursements, including repeated use of a county gas card for personal use.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合适的，非正常的; 不正确的; 不正派的，不合礼仪的; 不道德的
分布：不合适的(46%)，错误的(42%)，不道德的(12%)
→im-,不，非，proper,合适的，诚实的。
不适当的(im不+proper适当的)[proper,propri=one's own表示"拥有",引申为"恰当的"]
US [-'prɑ:.pɚ] adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的 formal
■dishonest and against a law or a rule 违法的；违规的；不正当的
• The governor has denied making improper use of state money. 州长否认非法挪用州政府的资金。
UK [ɪm'prɒp.ər] US [-'prɑ:.pɚ] adjective
WRONG 错误的 slightly formal
■unsuitable or not correct for a particular use or occasion 不适当的，不合适的；错误的
• improper prescription of medicines 错误的药方
• Is it considered improper to wear such a short skirt to a formal occasion? 正式场合穿这么短的裙子是不是不合适？
UK [ɪm'prɒp.ər] US [-'prɑ:.pɚ] adjective
RUDE 粗鲁的
■related to sex in a way that is rude or socially unacceptable （在性方面）粗鲁的；不能为社会接受的，不成体统的
• I trust you're not making improper suggestions to my husband! 我希望你不是在挑逗我丈夫！
illegal, improbable, illogical, improper
illegal: 非法的
improbable: 不大可能发生的
illogical: 不符合逻辑的
improper: 不适当的
adj. 不正确的，错误的；不适当的；不合礼仪的
 - false, wrong, incorrect, unhappy, inadequate

Word: escort
Front: escort
[ˈeskɔ:t] (研六托雅宝 6668/6470 -2)
Vocabulary: escort
(once / 297 pages)
vn
When you go somewhere, whether it's for fun or business, it's always nice to have an escort — someone to go along with you. Some escorts are there to protect you, some just to share a good time.
The word escort can be a noun or a verb — "your escort escorts you." This word is derived from the Latin excorrigere, "to set out," and moved through the Italian scorgere, meaning "to guide." In the 1570s it took on a military tone as escorte, used to describe armed protectors for travelers. In the 19th century it came to mean "accompanying a person on social occasions," although we still refer to military escorts today.
WORD FAMILY
escort: escorted, escorting, escorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four days later, after being allowed a fleeting meeting with Pan, he was blindfolded and escorted back downstairs into The Residence’s garage.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
They alerted the authorities and the man was escorted from the cockpit.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
—May 10, Diyarbakir: Car bomb strikes police vehicle carrying officers escorting seven detained Kurdish militants, killing three people and wounding 45 others.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 护送者; 护航舰; 陪同某人参加社交活动的人（尤指男人）; 受雇陪同某人外出社交的人（尤指女人）
vt. 护送，护卫
时态：escorted, escorting, escorts
分布：护送(75%)，护航舰(11%)，陪伴(6%)，护送者(5%)，妓女(1%)，陪伴者(1%)，陪游(1%)
→来自拉丁文*excorrigere, 引导，护送，来自词根rig, 竖立，坚直，词源同right, erect. 原为军事术语。
vt.护送(卫);陪同n.警卫,护送者;仪仗兵The escort resorted to the orthodox paradox to retort his distortion.陪护者借助正统悖论反驳他的歪曲.
US [-kɔːrt]
GO WITH 一起去
■to go with someone or a vehicle especially to make certain that they arrive safely or that they leave a place （尤指为了确保某人安全到达或离开某地）护卫，护送，押送
• Several little boats escorted the sailing ship into the harbour. 在数只小船的护航下，帆船驶入海港。
• Security guards escorted the intruders from the building. 保安把闯入者押送出了大楼。
• The police escorted her to the airport, and made sure that she left the country. 员警将她押送到机场，确保其离境。
■to go with someone and show them a place 陪伴；陪送；陪同
• People on the tour will be escorted by an expert on archaeology. 游客们将由一位考古学专家陪同前行。
verb transitive UK [ɪˈskɔːt] US [-kɔːrt]
SOCIAL COMPANION 社交伴侣 formal
■to go to a social event with someone, especially a person of the opposite sex 陪伴（尤指异性）参加社交活动；伴游
• Who will be escorting her to the ball? 谁将做她的舞伴呢？
noun UK [ˈes.kɔːt] US [-kɔːrt]
SOCIAL COMPANION 社交伴侣
countable
■a person who goes with another person, usually someone of the opposite sex, to a social event （通常指异性的）社交聚会陪伴者；伴游
• "But I can't go to the dance without an escort," she protested. “但是没有舞伴我可不能去参加舞会，”她抗议道。
countable
■someone, often a young woman, who is paid to go out to social events with another person 受雇陪同某人外出社交的人，常指年轻女子
• He hired an escort girl to go to the dinner with him. 他雇了一位伴游小姐陪他赴宴。
noun UK [ˈes.kɔːt] US [-kɔːrt]
GO WITH 一起去
countable
■a person who goes somewhere with another person as a helper or a guard 陪侍者；护卫者；护送者
• The members of the jury left the court with a police escort. 陪审团成员在一名员警的护送下离开了法庭。
uncountable
■the state of having someone with you who gives you protection or guards you 陪护；护送；陪送
• The prisoners were transported under military escort. 这些犯人被军人押送到流放地。
conduct, attend, escort, accompany
这组词都有“陪同，伴随”的意思，其区别是：
conduct: 无论用于人或物均指引导带领。
attend: 侧重主从关系，即下级对上级，学生对老师等，或表恭、服侍。
escort: 通常指用车或人在陆上伴随、护送，其目的是保护或出于礼节。
accompany: 既可指人也可指物。用于人时，侧重关系紧密或同时发生。
n. 陪同；护航舰；护卫队；护送者
 - guard
vt. 护送；陪同；为…护航
 - accompany vt.

Word: shelter
Front: shelter
[ˈʃeltə(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 2874/4083 -K3)
Vocabulary: shelter
(once / 129 pages)
1nv 2nv
Shelter is one of the basic human needs along with food, water, and companionship. It is a structure that protects you from the elements and gives you a place to live.
If you get lost in the woods during a rain storm, the first thing you should do is seek shelter, or a protected place to stay. A shelter is also a place to go for help, e.g. a homeless shelter is for those with nowhere to sleep, a bomb shelter protects people in a war zone and an animal shelter houses dogs and cats without a home. You've probably heard people talking about tax shelters, which are investments that protect your money from being taxed by the government.
WORD FAMILY
shelter: sheltered, sheltering, shelters+/sheltered: shelteredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deann Shepherd of the Humane Society of Utah says current law already requires shelter, but fails to define what that means.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Unable to afford its Bronx apartment, the family was evicted, and Ms. Farquharson and her children moved into a shelter in early 2013.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They include shelter costs, transportation, groceries, utilities, insurance, minimum loan payments and child care.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 居所; 避难所; （无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所; 遮蔽
vt. 掩蔽; 庇护; 保护
vi. 躲避; 避难
时态：sheltered, sheltering, shelters
分布：庇护(40%)，避难所(22%)，保护(20%)，庇护所(16%)，隐匿(2%)
→可能改写自 sheld,盾，来自 shield 的旧拼写形式，-er,表物。引申词义保护，遮蔽，庇护等。
n.掩蔽处;掩蔽,保护v.掩蔽,躲避,庇护The spy is shy of taking shelter on the shelf of the shell-like shed.间谍怕在壳子一样的棚里的架子上栖身.
【记】shelter在shell里面。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger or attack 掩蔽（处）；遮蔽（处）
• an air-raid shelter 防空洞
• They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. 他们开设了一个收容所，为该市的无家可归者提供临时的住宿。
• The trees gave/provided some shelter from the rain. 这些树遮了一些雨。
find/take shelter
■to protect yourself from bad weather, danger or attack 躲避
• We took shelter for the night in an abandoned house. 我们在一栋废弃的房子里躲了一夜。
UK ['ʃel.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb
PROTECT 保护
intransitive or transitive
■to protect yourself, or another person or thing, from bad weather, danger or attack 躲避；保护；遮蔽
• We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter. 我们遇上了雷阵雨，没有避雨的地方。
• A group of us were sheltering from the rain under the trees. 我们一群人在树下避雨。
transitive
■to give someone a secret hiding place so that they will not be caught by the army, police, etc. 为…提供避难的地方
• Local people risked their own lives to shelter resistance fighters from the army. 当地的人们冒着生命危险，为反抗组织的战士提供避难所，使其免遭军队逮捕。
UK ['ʃel.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb
AVOID TAX 逃税
transitive US
■If you shelter income, you legally avoid paying taxes on it 如果你将收入投资，就可合法避免相关税收。
• Their accountant suggested some novel ways of sheltering their retirement income. 他们的会计师向他们建议退休收入投资的一些新方法。
home, building, residence, shelter, dwelling, habitation, house
这组词都有“居住处”的意思，其区别是：
home: 指永久住家时，带有家庭所特有的温暖、情感等气息。
building: 泛指一切建筑物，不限于居住的房子。
residence: 指大而堂皇的寓所或公馆，也指法律上的居住点。
shelter: 可指长期或临时的住处，也指简陋或临时搭建的躲避风雨的场所。
dwelling: 正式用词，仅指人们居住的任何建筑物。
habitation: 指长久或固定的住所或居住地。
house: 中性词，泛指一切供居住的建筑物，尤指适合一家一户居住的房屋。
home, dwelling, shelter, household, family, house, lodging
home: 家，带有感情色彩
dwelling: 住所，公寓
shelter: 庇护处（收容所，庇护所）
household: 抽象的家庭，并含有家事，家务之意
family: 家庭，指组成家庭的成员
house: 房屋，住宅
lodging: 寄宿处
shelter, guard, harbour, safeguard, defend, shield, protect
这组词都有“保护、保卫”的意思，其区别是：
shelter: 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
guard: 普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
harbour: 贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。
safeguard: 语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。
defend: 普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。
shield: 语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。
protect: 普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。
refuge, protection, shelter
这组词都有“保护、掩蔽(部)、庇护(所)”的意思，其区别是：
refuge: 指避免危险或灾难的安全场所。
protection: 普通用词，指任何保护物。
shelter: 多指暂时性的防护，侧重场所。
n. [法] 庇护；避难所；遮盖物
 - housing, haven, shadow, home, covering
vt. 保护；使掩蔽
 - secure, preserve
vi. 躲避，避难
 - stay away from, to dodge

Word: co-founder
Front: co-founder
['kəʊf'aʊndər] None
Back: n. （学说、组织学的）共同创立者
分布：共同创始人(50%)，共同创办人(50%)

Word: bang
Front: bang
[bæŋ] (高研四六托雅 5069/4572 -2)
Vocabulary: bang
(once / 423 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4v 5adv
A bang is a loud noise, like a door slamming or something heavy being dropped on a wood floor. Hearing a bang outside your house at night might make your dog start barking.
The sharp sound of a bang might be made by someone pounding on your front door, or two cars colliding. A bang can also be a painful physical knock, like a bang on your head when you crash your bike. You can use it as a verb as well: "Don't bang your laptop down on the table — you'll break it!" Bang shares a Scandinavian root with the Old Norse banga, "to pound."
WORD FAMILY
bang: banged, banger, banging, bangs+/banger: bangers/banging: bangingly, bangings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meyers banged the floor with his hand in disgust, earning a technical foul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He dumps it into the post for Morris, who bangs his way into the paint and scores.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
They also announce their presence in the stadium by executing drills and salutes, through flags and chants, by banging drums and setting off flares.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 猛击; 猛撞; 巨响; 爆炸声
vt. 猛击，猛撞
vi. 发出砰的一声，砰砰作响，砰地敲[推，扔]; 男性和（女性）性交
adv. 正好，完全地
时态：banged, banging, bangs
分布：巨响(48%)，刘海(15%)，重击(14%)，准确地(8%)，突然巨响(7%)，剪成刘海(4%)，大声敲(2%)，正好地(2%)
→拟声词。
n.砰砰的声音;猛击v.砰地关上,猛撞,猛击The language angel hanged up the gang and banged them at the angle of the triangle.语文天使将那伙人吊起朝三角形的角上猛撞.
verb
NOISE 噪音
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) make a sudden very loud noise or noises 砰砰猛击，重击；（使）发出巨响
• She banged her fist angrily on the table. 她气愤地一拳打在桌子上。
• Outside a door was banging in the wind. 外面的一扇门被风吹得砰砰作响。
• He could hear someone banging at the door. 他听到有人在砰砰地敲门。
• I could hear her in the kitchen banging about (= doing things noisily). 我能听见她在厨房里弄得砰砰乱响。
[bæŋ] verb
HIT 撞
transitive
■to hit a part of the body against something by accident （身体部位）砰地撞上
• I banged my head against/on the shelf as I stood up. 我起身时头撞在架子上。
[bæŋ] verb
SEX 性行为
intransitive offensive
■to have sex 性交
[bæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bang on informal disapproving
■to talk about something for a long time, especially in a way that is boring to other people 喋喋不休，说个没完没了
• My parents are always banging on about how much better life was 20 years ago. 我父母总是没完没了地唠叨20年前的生活是多么多么的好。
[bæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bang sb up slang
■to lock someone up, especially in prison 监禁（某人）
• She's terrified of him and won't make a statement until we've got him banged up in the cells. 她很怕他，除非我们把他关进监狱，否则她是不会作任何供述的。
[bæŋ] noun countable
NOISE 噪音
 ADVANCED
■a sudden very loud noise 砰砰猛击，重击；（使）发出巨响
• The window slammed shut with a loud bang. 窗户砰的一声关上了。
[bæŋ] noun countable
HIT 撞
■a blow or hit 打击，撞击
• I think she must have got a bang on the head. 我想她肯定撞了头。
[bæŋ] noun countable
go with a bang UK (US go over with a bang) informal
■If a party or event goes with a bang, it is very exciting and successful. 非常顺利，极为成功
[bæŋ] noun countable
more bang for your buck (s) informal
■the best result for the smallest effort 以最小的代价获得最大的收益
[bæŋ] exclamation
■used to suggest the sound of a sudden loud noise, such as a gunshot or an explosion 突然的一声巨响（如枪声或爆炸声）
• "Bang! Bang! You're dead!" said the child, pointing a plastic gun at me. “砰！砰！你被打死了！”小孩用塑胶枪指着我说。
go bang
■to make a sudden loud noise （突然的一声）巨响，咚咚声，当当声，砰砰声
• The balloon went bang when it landed on the bush. 气球落在灌木丛中时发出砰的一声。
[bæŋ] exclamation
bang goes sth informal
■said when you have just lost the opportunity to do something …泡汤了，化为泡影
• He says I have to work late tonight - so bang goes my trip to the cinema. 他说我今晚要加班——所以看电影一事就泡汤了。
[bæŋ] adverb informal
■exactly or directly 恰好，正好
• The car came to a halt bang in the middle of the road. 那辆汽车正好停在了路中央。
• I live bang opposite the cinema. 我正好住在戏院对面。
• I turned the corner and walked slap bang into him. 我转过街角，与他撞个正着。
• software that is bang (= completely) up-to-date 最新的软体
[bæŋ] adverb informal
be bang on
■to be exactly right 完全正确
• What was your answer? 76? That's absolutely bang on! 你的答案是甚么？76？完全正确！
n. 刘海；重击；突然巨响
 - pound, devel
adv. 直接地；砰然地；突然巨响地
 - directly, immediately, straight, fair
vt. 重击；发巨响
 - pound on, body blow

Word: bamboo
Front: bamboo
[ˌbæmˈbu:] (中高六雅 8248/12165 -1)
Vocabulary: bamboo
(once / 904 pages)
n
Bamboo is a woody plant with a hollow stem that's in the grass family. When bamboo is harvested and processed, it can be used to make things like flooring, paper, and chopsticks.
If bamboo is prepared correctly, it can be eaten — you'll find bamboo shoots in many Chinese dishes, for example. Without the right preparation, though, bamboo is toxic to humans. Many products are made from bamboo in part because it's one of the fastest-growing plants in the world. Bamboo is originally from the Dutch bamboe, which in turn comes from the Portuguese bambu. The root is thought to be the Malay word samambu.
WORD FAMILY
bamboo: bamboos
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Bamboo is not yet on their menu, but only their mother's milk."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
A lucky bamboo brings good fortune and prosperity for at least a year.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Garnish with candied ginger on a bamboo skewer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 竹子; 竹竿; 竹木家具
分布：竹(76%)，竹子(24%)
→词源不详。
noun uncountable
■a tall tropical grass with hard hollow stems, or the stems of this plant 竹；竹竿
• Use bamboo canes to support tomato plants. 用竹条支撑番茄幼苗。
adj. 竹制的；土著居民的
 - Abo

Word: plasma
Front: plasma
[ˈplæzmə] (托 8260/5908 -1)
Vocabulary: plasma
(once / 8085 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Plasma is the colorless liquid part of blood. Plasma holds blood cells but is not made from them.
Plasma, a crucial part of blood, can be donated for use in medical procedures, either from plasma donation or as part of a regular blood donation. Another meaning of plasma is in physical chemistry –- a state of matter (in fact the most common state of matter) made from a gas that has lost its electrons from heat. This is where those big-screen plasma televisions get their name from.
WORD FAMILY
plasma: plasmas
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also bound to plasma proteins in the blood, circulating through each organ in the body.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
The plasma created is short-lived and doesn’t create any wastes—the electrons and ions simply recombine.
Science Magazine(Dec 05, 2016)
From the late 1980s to early 1990s, the plasma market took off in several parts of Henan.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 血浆; 原生质，细胞质; 乳清; [物]等离子体
分布：等离子体(51%)，血浆(49%)
→来自拉丁语plasma,塑造物，血浆，来自希腊语plasma,形成，塑造，来自plassein,形成，铺开，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
noun uncountable
BLOOD 血液 (also blood plasma)
■the pale yellow liquid that forms 55% of human blood and contains the blood cells 血浆
['plæz.mə] noun uncountable
GAS 气体
■a kind of gas with almost no electrical charge , found in the sun and other stars 等离子体（一种几乎没有电荷的气体，见于太阳和其他星球上）
• solar plasma 太阳电浆
• plasma physics 电浆物理学
n. [等离子] 等离子体；血浆； [矿物] 深绿玉髓
 - adtevak

Word: tread
Front: tread
[tred] (六托宝 8263/5533 -2)
Vocabulary: tread
(once / 220 pages)
1vn 2v 3nv 4v
When you tread on the earth, you walk on it. The next time your pal thinks you have it too easy, you might ask him, “Why don’t you tread in my shoes for a day?”
Tread usually implies stepping with force, but it can also simply mean placing your feet, one after the other, on the ground. You might try to tread lightly on the moss in the backyard so you don't damage it. Tread is also a noun that means the mark that a tire leaves on the ground, or the actual grooves on the tire. You might be relieved that the tread marks at the crime scene didn't match your brother's truck after all.
WORD FAMILY
tread: retread, treaded, treading, treads, trod, trodden+/ retread: retreaded, retreading, retreads/trod: untrod/trodden: untrodden
USAGE EXAMPLES
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and down trodden black people in the United States.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
On the game's final play, with the Warriors down by one point, Durant stumbled when Cleveland's Richard Jefferson trod on his foot.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
The planes struck Palmyra on the same day Suleimani was photographed treading the city’s rubble.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vi. 踩，踏; 行走; 交尾
vt. 踩成; 踏出; 步行于; 踩（烂）
n. 踏，踩，走; 交尾; （楼梯的）踏板; 轮胎接触地面的部分
时态：trod, trodden, treading, treads
分布：踩(40%)，践踏(21%)，踏面(13%)，行走(12%)，鞋底(6%)，步法(4%)，胎面花纹(4%)
→来自古英语 tredan,踩踏，来自 tred,踩踏，来自 der,走，跑，步行，词源同 trade,tramp. 后用于指轮胎胎面，常见于复合词 retread,翻修，翻新。
【记】读：踹的，用脚踹的－践踏
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
 ADVANCED mainly UK
■to put your foot on something or to press something down with your foot 踩；踏
• I kept treading on his toes when we were dancing. 我们俩跳舞时，我老是踩到他的脚趾。
• Yuck! Look what I've just trodden in ! 可恶！看我刚才踩到甚么了！
• A load of food had been trodden into the carpet. 许多食物被踩到地毯里去。
• Before the days of automation, they used to tread grapes to make wine. 在自动化时代到来之前，他们曾用脚踩葡萄酿酒。
■literary
■to walk 午饭后我总喜欢散散步。
• He trod heavily and reluctantly up the stairs. 他拖着沉重的脚步，极不情愿地上了楼。
• I sometimes see him flash past in his sports car as I tread my weary way (= walk in a tired way) to work. 当我迈着疲惫的脚步去上班时，有时会看见他开着跑车从我身边飞驰而过。
tread water
■to float vertically in the water by moving the legs and the arms up and down 踩水
[tred] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
be treading water
■to not be advancing in any way 原地踏步；裹足不前
• I think she feels that she's just treading water in that job. 我认为她觉得自己做那份工作不会有任何进步。
[tred] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
tread carefully/gently/lightly
■to speak or behave carefully to avoid upsetting or causing offence to anyone 言行谨慎；小心处理
• The government know they have to tread carefully on this issue. 政府知道这件事必须谨慎处理。
[tred] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
tread the boards old-fashioned or humorous
■to act in plays 演戏
• It's three years now since you've trodden the boards, Ken - how does it feel to be back? 肯，你已经演戏三年了——现在又不演戏了，感觉如何？
[tred] noun
PATTERN ON TYRE 胎面图案
countable or uncountable
■the pattern of raised lines on a tyre which prevents a vehicle from sliding on the road （车胎的防滑）胎面花纹
• The tread on your tyres is very worn. 你车胎上的花纹都磨损得很厉害了。
[tred] noun
STEP 踩
only singular
■the sound that your feet make on the ground as you walk 脚步声
• Then I heard someone's tread on the stairs. 接着，我听到楼梯上有脚步声。
only singular
■the horizontal part of a step on which you put your foot （楼梯的）梯面，踏步板
n. 踏；胎面；步态；鞋底； [建] 踏板；梯级
 - step, sole
vt. 踏；踩；践踏；跳；踩出
 - trample down, ride down
vi. 踏；踩；行走；交尾
 - step, set foot

Word: stifle
Front: stifle
[ˈstaɪfl] (托宝 8265/7622 -1)
Vocabulary: stifle
(once / 536 pages)
1v 2n 3v
To stifle is to cut off, hold back, or smother. You may stifle your cough if you don't want to interrupt a lecture or you may stifle the competition if you fear losing.
The verb stifle means “to choke, suffocate, drown.” It can describe a claustrophobic feeling, like getting smothered by kisses from your great aunt. At its most extreme, stifle means to kill by cutting off respiration. The metaphoric sense of stifle didn’t develop until well after the word was first recorded as a verb: "I can always tell — but never let on for fear of damaging his ego — that my boyfriend attempts to stifle tears during sappy parts of movies; his eyes well up at the corners and he’ll sniffle uncontrollably, claiming allergies."
WORD FAMILY
stifle: stifled, stifler, stifles, stifling +/stifler: stiflers/ stifling: stiflingly, stiflings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carrier also claimed last year that federal regulations stifled its profits and sent a list of energy efficiency rules it deemed burdensome to the IEDC.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Despite his life with Laura, Paterson’s world is a man’s world, a world of stifled masculine violence.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
University administrators protested that the legislation would stifle “freedom of speech.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）窒息; （使）窒闷; 扼杀
vt. 镇压; 遏制; 扼杀; 藏匿
n. 后腿膝关节; 后膝关节病
时态：stifled, stifling, stifles
分布：扼杀(47%)，抑制(23%)，窒息(21%)，使窒息(8%)，扑灭(1%)
→词源不确定，可能最终来自 steip,压紧，打包，塞满，词源同 stiff,stuff.-le,表反复。引申 词义窒息，压制，扼杀等。
【记】stiff（adj 僵硬的）；le乐：想象你的情敌想掐死你的时候的面容－僵硬的笑－使窒息，抑制
【反】foment（v 煽动）；foster（v 养育；鼓励）
verb
NO AIR 没有空气
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) be unable to breathe because you have no air （使）窒息，（使）喘不上气
• He is said to have stifled his victim with a pillow. 据说他用枕头闷死了受害人。
• We almost stifled in the heat of the city. 城里热得快让我们透不过气来。
['staɪ.fl] verb
PREVENT HAPPENING 防止发生
transitive
■to prevent something from happening, being expressed or continuing 阻止；压制，抑制；扼杀
• She stifled a cough/yawn/scream/sneeze. 她忍住没有咳嗽／打哈欠／尖叫／打喷嚏。
• I don't know how I managed to stifle my anger. 我不知道自己是怎么抑制住了愤怒。
• We should be encouraging new ideas, not stifling them. 我们应该鼓励创意，而不是将其扼杀。
vt. 扼杀；使窒息；藏匿
 - kill, snuff out
vi. 窒息；被扼杀
 - choke

Word: interception
Front: interception
[ˌɪntə'sepʃn] (8255/16988)
Back: n. 中途夺取，拦截，侦听; 阻留; 定方位; 断球
分布：拦截(71%)，截取(17%)，窃听(12%)
[cept=take拿取]
VERB
拦截;截住;截击
If you intercept someone or something that is travelling from one place to another, you stop them before they get to their destination.
例：Gunmen intercepted him on his way to the airport...持枪歹徒在他去机场的路上截击了他。
例：Dodd intercepted a ball intended for Smith...多德拦截了给史密斯的球。
n. [航] [军] 拦截，截住；截断，截取；侦听，窃听
 - truncation, wiretapper

Word: pianist
Front: pianist
[ˈpɪənɪst] (高托雅 8252/10127 -1)
Back: n. 钢琴家; 钢琴师; 钢琴演奏者
分布：钢琴家(100%)
→来自piano,钢琴。
noun countable
■someone who plays the piano 钢琴演奏者；钢琴家
• a concert pianist 音乐会的钢琴演奏者
• a jazz pianist 爵士乐钢琴家

Word: downward
Front: downward
[ˈdaʊnwəd] (高研四六 8257/8499 -K)
Back: adj. 向下的，往下的
adv. 向下地，下行地
分布：向下(79%)，向下的(15%)，下降的(6%)
向下的(down向下)[-ward表形容词+副词"向…"注:ward可变成wards,但只能作副词用]
a.向下的ad.(alsodownwards)向下,往下Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
■moving towards a lower position 向下，朝下
• a downward trend 下降的趋势
• The country's economy is on a downward spiral. 该国的经济正日渐衰退。
Compare upward
adj. [数] 向下的，下降的
 - falling, descensive
adv. [数] 向下
 - alow, netherward

Word: cough
Front: cough
[kɒf] (中高研四雅 6157/5757 -K3)
Vocabulary: cough
(once / 444 pages)
nv
A cough is a reflex in which your throat or lungs are cleared by a sudden, sharp burst of air escaping. A bad cough can make it very hard to sleep at night.
A cough is evidence that someone's sick, and it's a verb as well: "She began to cough and couldn't stop until someone brought her a bottle of water." You can also describe a cough-like sound that an engine makes when it's not working properly as a cough. The Old English source of cough is coughen, from a Germanic root — every version of the word is imitative, the word itself sounding like a cough.
WORD FAMILY
cough: coughed, coughing, coughs+/coughing: coughings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some people are so sensitive to this effect that they develop uncontrollable coughing.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The most common symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, chills and body aches.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And on Dec. 3 he woke up with a bad cough.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 咳嗽; （引擎等）发噗噗声; 咳出
n. 咳，咳嗽; 咳嗽病; （机关枪等的）连续发射声
时态：coughed, coughing, coughs
分布：咳(56%)，咳嗽(44%)
→拟声词，模仿咳嗽的声音。
v./n.咳嗽"Rough cough is tough enough," Bough said while touching the torch."剧烈咳嗽是够难以对付的,"大树枝在触摸手电筒时说道.
US [kɑ:f] verb intransitive
 ESSENTIAL
■to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short loud sound 咳，咳嗽
• The smoke made me cough. 烟呛得我直咳嗽。
• I coughed all night long. 我咳了一整夜。
 IMPROVER
■to make a sound like a cough 发出咳嗽般的声音
• The car engine coughed a few times, but wouldn't start. 汽车引擎吭哧吭哧响了几声，但没发动起来。
UK [kɒf] US [kɑ:f] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cough sth up
■to make something come out of your throat or lungs when you cough 咳出
• Doctors were worried when she started to cough up blood. 她开始咳血了，医生有些担心了。
UK [kɒf] US [kɑ:f] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cough (sth) up slang
■to produce money or information unwillingly 勉强给予（钱或资讯）
• I've just had to cough up £40 for a parking fine. 我只得掏出40英镑交停车罚款。
UK [kɒf] US [kɑ:f] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■when you cough, or the sound this makes 咳嗽；咳嗽声
• a dry cough one which does not produce mucus 干咳
• a hacking (= very bad and loud) cough 剧烈咳嗽
 IMPROVER
■an illness that makes you cough a lot 咳嗽病
• a smoker's cough 吸烟者的咳嗽
• Emily has a very bad/nasty cough (= has been coughing frequently as part of an illness). 艾蜜莉咳得很厉害。
n. [临床] 咳嗽，咳嗽声；咳嗽病
 - tussis, ough
vt. 咳出
 - hawk
vi. [临床] 咳嗽
 - hawk

Word: divided
Front: divided
[dɪˈvaɪdɪd] (8264/9716)
Vocabulary: divided
(once / 128 pages)
adj
Something that's divided is sectioned or split into parts. A divided political party might be separated into several groups with very different opinions on what the party's priorities ought to be.
Things can be physically divided, the way a pizza is when it's cut into eight separate pieces, or the way a highway is when it has a concrete barrier between lanes that go in different directions. There's also a figurative way of being divided, like a divided family that's feuding about something, or divided experts who disagree on the findings of a study. The adjective divided comes from the Latin dividere, "to force apart, cleave, or distribute."
WORD FAMILY
divided: dividedly, undivided+/dividable: undividable/ divide: dividable, divided, divider, divides, dividing, divisible, division, subdivide/divider: dividers/ divisible: divisibility, divisiblest, indivisible / division: divisional, divisions/divisional: divisionally/ indivisible: indivisibly/subdivide: subdivided, subdivider, subdivides, subdividing, subdivision/subdivided: unsubdivided/subdivider: subdividers/subdivision: subdivisions/undivided: undividedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Environmentalists remain divided on the issue of carbon capture, said John Coequyt, global climate policy director for Sierra Club.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We divided those into bands - for example, the top 20% are the schools with the lowest free school meal entitlement, and therefore serve wealthier children.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
His “Arbor Series,” at Cross MacKenzie Gallery, includes views of silhouetted pines, their branches and needles often divided among multiple frames.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 分离的，被分割的，分裂的
v. 分( divide的过去式和过去分词 ); 划分; 分离; （使）产生分歧
分布：分裂的(72%)，意见分歧的(14%)，动词divide的过去式及过去分词.(14%)
V-ERG
（使）分开；（使）分散;（使）分裂
When people or things are divided or divide into smaller groups or parts, they become separated into smaller parts.
例：The physical benefits of exercise can be divided into three factors...运动对身体的好处可以分为3个方面。
例：It will be easiest if we divide them into groups...如果我们将他们分成小组将是最简单的。
VERB
分配;分享;分担
If you divide something among people or things, you separate it into several parts or quantities which you distribute to the people or things.
例：Paul divides most of his spare time between the study and his bedroom...保罗在大部分空闲时间里要么呆在书房里，要么呆在卧室里。
例：Divide the sauce among 4 bowls.把酱汁分到 4 个碗里。
VERB
除;除以
If you divide a larger number by a smaller number or divide a smaller number into a larger number, you calculate how many times the smaller number can fit exactly into the larger number.
例：Measure the floor area of the greenhouse and divide it by six.量一下温室的建筑面积再将它除以 6。
VERB
分隔;把…分开;是…的分界线
If a border or line divides two areas or divides an area into two, it keeps the two areas separate from each other.
例：...remote border areas dividing Tamil and Muslim settlements.将泰米尔聚居区和穆斯林聚居区隔开的偏远边境地区
例：...the artificial line that divides the city.划分城市的人为分界线
V-ERG
（使）产生分歧;(使)意见不一
If people divide over something or if something divides them, it causes strong disagreement between them.
例：She has done more to divide the Conservatives than anyone else...她在分裂保守党这件事上所起的作用比任何人都大。
例：The democrats are divided over whether to admit him into their group...民主党人就是否允许他加入他们的组织意见不一。
N-COUNT
明显差异;(常指引起争论的)分歧
A divide is a significant distinction between two groups, often one that causes conflict.
例：...a deliberate attempt to create a Hindu-Muslim divide in India.故意在印度的印度教徒和穆斯林之间制造分歧的企图
N-COUNT
（时间、过程的）分界线，分界点
A divide is a moment in time or a point in a process when there is a complete change from one situation to another.
例：The time had come to cross the great divide between formality and truth.是时候跨越形式与真理之间的巨大分界线了。
N-COUNT
分水岭
A divide is a line of high ground between areas that are drained by different rivers.
PHRASE
分而治之
You use divide and rule to refer to a policy which is intended to keep someone in a position of power by causing disagreements between people who might otherwise unite against them.
例：The government's policies of divide and rule have only contributed to the volatility of the region.政府分而治之的政策只是加剧了该地区的不稳定性。
adj. 分裂的；分开的；有分歧的
 - separate, partite
v. 分开（divide的过去分词）；分离
 - uncoupled

Word: sanction
Front: sanction
[ˈsæŋkʃn] (研六托雅宝 3217/4228 -4)
Vocabulary: sanction
(once / 301 pages)
1nv 2nv
Sanction has two nearly opposite meanings: to sanction can be to approve of something, but it can also mean to punish, or speak harshly to. Likewise, a sanction can be a punishment or approval. Very confusing––the person who invented this word should be publicly sanctioned!
See if you can guess the meaning of sanction in the following contexts. Before invading Iraq, the US and its allies first imposed sanctions on the country, refusing to supply the country with much-needed trade items. Did you guess sanction=punishment? You were right! But by trading with China at the same time, the US quietly sanctioned that nation's known instances of human rights abuses. Did you guess sanction=approval? You're right again!
WORD FAMILY
sanction: sanctioned, sanctioning, sanctions+/ sanctioned: unsanctioned
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ten years later, Capucci led a delegation of clerics and intellectuals to Iraq in a show of solidarity against UN sanctions.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Security Council imposed sanctions for its nuclear tests and long-range rocket launches dating back to 2006.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
On Thursday, Mr. Obama announced a series of sanctions against Russia for its attempts to disrupt the November election.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 制裁，处罚; 批准，认可; 约束力; 鼓励
vt. 批准; 鼓励，容忍
时态：sanctioned, sanctioning, sanctions
分布：批准(44%)，处罚(24%)，支持(19%)，约束力(13%)
→sanct-,神圣的，-ion,名词后缀。即神圣的存在，封神，祝圣，引申正面词义批准，反面词义 处罚。
批准,授权(给予神圣的权利)[anct=holy,表示"神圣"]
n./v.批准,同意,支持,认可n.处罚,制裁The United States has taken sanctions against Iraq for 10 years.美国制裁伊拉克已经10年了.
【记】读：三颗（人）参，想得到官方的批准，需要贿赂三颗人参。
【反】proscribe（v 禁止）；dismiss（v 解散；解职）
noun
ORDER 命令
 IMPROVER countable usually plural
■an official order, such as the stopping of trade, which is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law 制裁
• Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country because of its attacks on its own people. 由于该国发生了对本国人民施暴，许多国家都对它进行制裁。
• Trade/economic sanctions will only be lifted (= stopped) when the aggressor nation withdraws its troops. 只有侵略国撤军，贸易／经济制裁才会解除。
 IMPROVER countable
■a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey （为维护法律或规定而采取的）强硬措施；（对违反法律或规定者进行的）惩罚，处罚
• Without realistic sanctions, some teachers have difficulty keeping order in the classroom. 没有切实可行的处罚措施，有些教师难以维持课堂秩序。
['sæŋk.ʃən] noun
APPROVAL 赞成
uncountable
■approval or permission, especially formal or legal （尤指正式或法律认可的）批准，许可
• They tried to get official sanction for the scheme. 他们想使计划获得正式批准。
['sæŋk.ʃən] verb transitive
■to formally give permission for something 批准，认可，准许
• The government was reluctant to sanction intervention in the crisis. 政府不愿意批准对危机加以干预。
sanitation, sanction
sanitation: n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备。
 • Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.   在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。
sanction: n.认可，准许，批准。
 • I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.   我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。
approve, sanction, confirm
这组词都有“批准”的意思，其区别是：
approve: 普通用词，常指正式的或官方的批准。
sanction: 语气最强，多指官方的同意或批准，是书面用词。
confirm: 强调按法律程序提请确认或批准。
n. 制裁，处罚；认可；支持
 - approval, penalty, holding, support, adhesion
vt. 制裁，处罚；批准；鼓励
 - encourage, confirm, heart, uphold

Word: synthesis
Front: synthesis
[ˈsɪnθəsɪs] (研六托雅宝 8268/5192)
Vocabulary: synthesis
(once / 1961 pages)
n
Synthesis is the act of combining elements to form something new. If you describe your bedroom decor as a synthesis of Andy Warhol and Punk Rock, we'll know you mean a mixture of these two styles.
Synthesis is just as comfortable in the concrete realm as it is in the abstract. Scientists use it to talk about what happens when chemicals combine — think of photosynthesis: the process by which plants synthesize light, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food. If you call a movie "Batman meets Titanic," then that's synthesis as well. Political science students can remember synthesis via the famous thesis-antithesis-synthesis concept that suggests societies change when a widely accepted idea (a thesis) is challenged by a new, contradictory idea (an antithesis), and then resolved via synthesis, or a combining of the two to produce something new.
WORD FAMILY
synthesis: syntheses, synthesise, synthesises, synthesist, synthesize, synthetical+/synthesise: synthesised, synthesiser, synthesising/synthesiser: synthesisers/synthesist: synthesists/ synthesize: synthesized, synthesizer, synthesizes, synthesizing/synthesizer: synthesizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 2016 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded for the design and synthesis of the world's smallest machines.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
It’s a deft synthesis of the work of other researchers and of James’s thoughts on the subject.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
What “Tree of Codes” achieved, Poots feels, was a true synthesis of three art forms.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 综合; <化>合成; 综合体; 综合推理
分布：合成(87%)，综合(12%)，综合分析(1%)
→syn-,一起，-thes,做，放置，词源同 do,thesis.引申词义综合，合成。
合成(syn+thesis放→放在一起→合成)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
综合(syn共同+thesis→放到一起→综合)[thesis,thet=setting,表示"放置"]
n.(pl.syntheses)综合,合成Now that we have succeeded in isolating this drug, our next problem is to plan its synthesis in the laboratory.
【记】syn＝same，thes放，is：把同样的东西放在一起－综合
【参】antithetic（adj 正相反的；对立的）anti反，thet放，ic
【反】analysis（n 分析；分解）；take apart（分解）
noun
CHEMICAL PRODUCTION 化学生产
uncountable specialized
■the production of a substance from simpler materials after a chemical reaction 合成
⇒ See also photosynthesis
['sɪn.θə.sɪs] noun
MIX 混合
countable (plural syntheses) formal
■the mixing of different ideas, influences or things to make a whole which is different or new 综合，融合
• He describes his latest record as 'a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms'. 他说他最新的唱片融合了“非洲和拉丁音乐”的旋律。
n. 综合， [化学] 合成；综合体
 - integration, comprehensiveness

Word: Danish
Front: Danish
['deɪnɪʃ] (8261/6094)
Back: n. 丹麦语
adj. 丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语（文）的
分布：丹麦的(54%)，丹麦人(25%)，丹麦人的(10%)，丹麦语的(6%)，丹麦文(5%)
adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Denmark; see table of Geographical names 丹麦的
['deɪ.nɪʃ] noun uncountable
■the language of Denmark; see table of Geographical names 丹麦语

Word: insecurity
Front: insecurity
[ˌɪnsɪ'kjʊərətɪ] (8267/9474)
Vocabulary: insecurity
(once / 3576 pages)
n
Insecurity is a feeling of uncertainty, a lack of confidence or anxiety about yourself. Put aside your insecurities and start acting like the smart, capable person you are!
Insecurity is the word for what you are probably feeling when you walk into the cafeteria on your first day at a new school and everyone else already has someone to sit with. But soon you will make friends and forget about your insecurities. It can also describe the state of being open to danger or threat. The economy may have you worried about job insecurity. Or maybe it's the insecurity of a rocky relationship that keeps you up at night.
WORD FAMILY
insecurity: insecurities+/ insecure: insecurely, insecureness, insecurity / secure: insecure, secured, securely, secureness, securer, secures, securest, securing, security /secured: unsecured/securer: securers/ security: securities
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a comfort in that, and I think it plays into deeper insecurities many of us are experiencing.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
So you get your insecurities challenged from both angles.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Meanwhile, Mr. Putin, with his large nuclear inventory and even larger insecurities, is a problem to be managed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 不安全; 不牢靠; 局促不安; 无把握
分布：不安全(91%)，不牢靠(4%)，心神不定(3%)，局促不安(2%)
ADJ-GRADED
缺乏自信的;对自己无把握的
If you are insecure, you lack confidence because you think that you are not good enough or are not loved.
例：In effect she is punishing her parents for making her feel threatened and insecure...实质上她是在惩罚父母,因为他们让她感觉受到威胁,没有安全感。
例：Most mothers are insecure about their performance as mothers.大多数母亲对自己为人母的表现都不是很自信。
ADJ-GRADED
不安全的;无保障的;有危险的
Something that is insecure is not safe or protected.
例：...low-paid, insecure jobs...报酬低、无保障的工作
例：Cellular phones are inherently insecure, as anyone can listen to and record conversations.手机天生就不安全,因为任何人都可以听到并录下谈话。
n. 不安全；不牢靠；无把握；心神不定
 - unsafety, precariousness

Word: adaptive
Front: adaptive
[əˈdæptɪv] (托 8259/13104)
Vocabulary: adaptive
(once / 13017 pages)
adj
Use adaptive to describe people who are flexible — they don't lose their cool when plans change quickly and they are always willing to learn new ways to do things. Being adaptive helps you sail along in today's ever-changing world.
What do chameleons and your grandparents who only started using computers a few years ago have in common? They are adaptive. Just as chameleons change color to match their surroundings — green when sitting on leaves, brown when climbing the tree's trunk — your grandparents learned the skills to keep up with the world around them. The opposite of adaptive is stubborn. People, lizards, or anything that refuses to change are stubborn. To welcome change is to be adaptive.
WORD FAMILY
adaptive: adaptively, nonadaptive+/ adapt: adaptable, adaptation, adaptative, adapted, adapter, adapting, adaption, adaptive, adaptor, adapts, readapt / adaptability: adaptabilities/ adaptable: adaptability, adaptably, unadaptable/ adaptation: adaptational, adaptations/adapted: unadapted/ adapter: adapters/adaption: adaptions/adaptor: adaptors/ readapt: readapted, readapting, readapts/unadaptable: unadaptability
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s always part of a larger ecosystem, what scientists call a complex adaptive system.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Many athletes with disabilities learn about adaptive sports during rehabilitative phases of treatment.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But gambling is a powerfully adaptive metaphor, reconfiguring its meaning to each new age and place.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 适应的; 有适应能力的
分布：适应的(78%)，适合的(22%)
[ə'dæp.tɪv] specialized
adjective
■having an ability to change to suit different conditions 适应的；有适应性的
adj. [自] 适应的，适合的
 - calculated, accommodative

Word: boarding
Front: boarding
[ˈbɔ:dɪŋ] (8271/8530)
Back: n. 木板（建造之物）; 寄膳（宿）; 用木板制成的物体; 上船（或火车、飞机等）
v. 上（船、车或飞机）( board的现在分词 ); 收费供…膳宿; 强行登（船）; 使搭伙
分布：登船(78%)，供膳宿的(11%)，木材(11%)
US ['bɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■boards that have been fastened side by side to each other （并排接起来的）木板，板材
n. [木] 木板；寄膳宿；上船
 - timber plank, wood block

Word: toast
Front: toast
[təʊst] (高研四六雅 6163/5754)
Back: n. 干杯; 烤面包; 接受敬酒的人; （在某领域）广受赞誉的人
vt. & vi. 向…祝酒，为…干杯
vi. 烤火，取暖; 使暖和; 烘烤（面包片等）
时态：toasted, toasting, toasts
分布：烤(39%)，烤面包(25%)，吐司(17%)，祝酒(13%)，烘(3%)，祝酒词(2%)，被祝酒的人(1%)
→来自 古法 语 toster, 烤火 ， 烤 面包， -st, 过去 分词 格， 来 自拉 丁语 torrere, 燃烧 ， 词 源同 torrid,terracotta.拼写比较 roast,roster.后引申词义干杯，祝酒，致辞等，最初用于祝愿漂亮女 人或受欢迎的女人永远健康美丽，据说是来自中世纪流传的一个小故事，在英国著名的巴斯 温泉度假村，有一位美女在泡温泉，然后一个绅士（或假绅士真色狼）想去搭讪这个美女， 于是就想出了一个妙招，拿起一个杯子在美女沐浴过的水池里面舀了一杯水，然后说，您真 美丽，祝您永远健康，潜台词就是我是真的仰慕您的美丽，您的洗澡水都让我如此着迷，但 故事到此结束了。故事虽然美丽，但实际情况更可能是来自面包的比喻义，因这种面包当时 用于增加酒的香味，因此，举杯前说一段祝酒辞能更好的增加宴会的品味。
n.烤面包,吐司;祝酒(词)v.烘,烤;(向...)祝酒The boastful toaster roasts himself on the coast in the sunshine.好说大话的祝酒者在海岸上晒太阳.
US [toʊst] noun
BREAD 面包
 ADVANCED uncountable
■sliced bread made warm, crisp (= hard enough to break) and brown by being put near a high heat 烤面包片，吐司
• a slice of toast 一块烤面包片
• I have toast and marmalade for breakfast. 我早饭吃烤面包片和橘子酱。
• I'm having beans on toast for supper. 晚饭我吃烤面包片加豆子。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable
■an expression of good wishes or respect for someone which involves holding up and then drinking from a glass of alcohol, especially wine, after a short speech 祝酒；干杯
• Now, if you'd all please raise your glasses, I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom. 现在请大家都举起杯来，我提议为新娘新郎干杯。
• Champagne corks popped as the guests drank a toast to the happy couple. 香槟酒瓶砰地打开了，客人举杯为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] noun
the toast of sth old-fashioned
■The toast of a particular place is a person who is very much admired there for something they have recently done 受…敬慕的人
• Not so long ago Viviana was a little-known actress playing in a provincial theatre - these days she's the toast of New York/ the town. 不久以前，维维安娜还是一个在地方剧院演出的鲜为人知的演员——而现在她已经成了纽约／城里备受推崇的人物。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] verb transitive
HEAT 加热
■to make bread or other food warm, crisp (= hard enough to break) and brown by putting it near a high heat 烤，烘
• Do you want this bread toasted? 你要把这块面包烤一烤吗？
• Can I have a toasted sandwich , please? 我能要一份烤三明治吗？
■informal
■to warm yourself or part of your body 使暖和，给…烤火
• He's just toasting his feet by the fire. 他正在火旁烤脚。
UK [təʊst] US [toʊst] verb transitive
DRINK 饮料
■to hold up your glass and then drink as an expression of good wishes or respect 为…干杯
• We toasted the happy couple. 我们为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。
bake, toast, roast
这组词都有“烘，烤”的意思，其区别是：
bake: 指在烤炉里，烘烤，不与火直接接触，用持续的干热，缓慢地烘烤任何食物。
toast: 侧重通过烘烤使烘烤之物变成褐色，尤指烘面包、熏肉等。
roast: 一般指在火上烤大块的肉或整只牲畜或家禽。
n. 干杯；烤面包；吐司
 - bottoms up
vt. 烤；敬酒；使暖和
 - to roast, bake
vi. 烘，烤
 - to roast

Word: inclination
Front: inclination
[ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn] (六托雅 8270/6915 -1)
Vocabulary: inclination
(once / 330 pages)
1n 2n
You can see the word "incline" inside inclination, which clues you in to the fact that inclination has to do with leaning. Sometimes the inclination is literal; in most cases it's about what you incline toward in a figurative sense.
An inclination is something you are leaning toward, a tendency you have. You could have a specific inclination for chocolate, or you could have an inclination that applies to a decision you are about to make: "Looking at this dessert menu, my inclination is to skip everything and just go home and have a chocolate bar."
WORD FAMILY
inclination: inclinations+/ disinclination: disinclinations/disincline: disinclination, disinclined, disinclines, disinclining/ incline: disincline, inclination, inclined, inclines, inclining/inclining: inclinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
If some of these inclinations suggest a West Coast flavor, it is dissipating.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nonetheless, in those days of compulsory patriotic flag-waving the media showed no inclination to be even slightly skeptical, and the result was catastrophic.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
My first inclination is to agree with anything a person is saying to me.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 倾向; 爱好; 斜坡
分布：倾向(78%)，趋势(6%)，倾斜度(6%)，斜坡(6%)，意愿(4%)
【记】incline（n /v 倾斜；斜面）cline斜
【参】decline（v /n 下倾；下垂）；inclined（adj 倾斜的；有…倾向的）＝disposed＝willing＝tending
noun
FEELING 感觉
countable or uncountable
■a preference or tendency , or a feeling that makes a person want to do something 倾向；爱好；意向
• [+ to infinitive] My own inclination would be to look for another job. 我个人倾向另外找一份工作。
• We should be basing our decisions on solid facts, not inclinations and hunches. 我们应根据可靠的事实作出决定，而不是根据个人爱好和直觉。
[ˌɪn.klɪ'neɪ.ʃən] noun
MOVEMENT 动作
countable formal
■a small downwards movement 轻微的向下动作
• a solemn inclination of the head 郑重其事的点头
countable usually singular uncountable specialized
■the angle at which something slopes 倾角，斜角
n. 倾向，爱好；斜坡
 - tendency, liability, hill, trend, interest

Word: heartbeat
Front: heartbeat
[ˈhɑ:tbi:t] (雅 8254/12499 -1)
Back: n. 心跳，心搏; 中心; 感情; 重要特征
分布：心跳(94%)，中心(5%)，重要特征(1%)
→heart,心，心脏，beat,击打，跳动。
US ['hɑ:rt-] noun countable or uncountable
■the regular movement or sound that the heart makes as it sends blood around your body 心跳；心跳声
• a steady heartbeat 平稳的心跳
n. [生理] 心跳；情感
 - emotion, will, affect

Word: dot
Front: dot
[dɒt] (高研四托雅 4480/4132 -K2)
Vocabulary: dot
(once / 542 pages)
nv
A dot is a round speck or spot. A first grade teacher might remind his students to put dots on their is and js.
A period, a little circle or point, is a dot. Another kind is a polka dot, which might decorate your favorite pair of shorts or the curtains in your room. In Morse code, a dot is a short signal, as opposed to the longer "dash." When you recite your website's URL, you might end with "dot com." As a verb, to dot is to mark something with a dot: "You forgot to dot your is!"
WORD FAMILY
dot: dots, dotted, dotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
While Reykjavik is buzzing with tourism, and construction cranes dot the skyline, it is also feeling the strain of the surge of visitors.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The company is focusing on silicon quantum dots, often called "artificial atoms."
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Connect the dots between Washington’s woes, the Wall-Cousins relationship and Boogie supposedly wanting to dance out of California, and an easy trade projection comes together.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 点，小圆点
vt. 打点于; 散布于; 点缀; 以小圆点标出
时态：dotted, dotting, dots
分布：点缀(71%)，小圆点(13%)，少量(8%)，作小点记号(4%)，小东西(4%)
→词源不详。
n.点,圆点v.在...上打点I used to abuse the unusual usage, but now I'm not used to doing so.我过去常滥用这个不寻常的用法,但我现在不习惯这样做.
US [dɑ:t] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a very small round mark 小圆点
• The full stop at the end of this sentence is a dot. 这个句子末尾的句号是一个小圆点。
• Her skirt was blue with white dots. 她的蓝裙子上有一些白色小圆点。
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the spoken form of a full stop in an internet or email address, or some computer files （网际网路、电子邮件位址或某些电脑档所使用的句号的口语形式）点
• "What's the web address?" "www dot cambridge dot org". 那个网址是甚么? “www.cambridge.org。”
countable old-fashioned
■the short sounds or short flashes of light used with dashes when sending messages in Morse (code) 在摩斯密码中，和长划一起使用的短音或短波闪光讯号，即摩斯密码点
UK [dɒt] US [dɑ:t] noun
dot the i's and cross the t's
■to pay a great deal of attention to the details of something, especially when you are trying to complete a task （尤指在完成某项工作时）一丝不苟，注重细节
• The negotiations are nearly finished, but we still have to dot the i's and cross the t's. 谈判即将结束，但是我们还是要做到一丝不苟。
UK [dɒt] US [dɑ:t] noun
on the dot
■exactly at the stated or expected time 准时
• The plane landed at two o'clock on the dot. 飞机两点钟准时降落。
• UK She came promptly on the dot of eleven. 11点正她准时赶了过来。
UK [dɒt] US [dɑ:t] noun
the year dot UK informal
■a very long time ago 很久以前
• I've known Peter since the year dot. 我认识彼得已经很久了。
UK [dɒt] US [dɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
transitive
■to put a dot or dots on something 在…上点点，在…上加点
• Your handwriting is difficult to read because you don't dot your i's. 你的笔迹很难辨认，因为你在字母 i上面不加点。
transitive often passive
■to be spread across an area, or to spread many similar things across an area 分布，分散
• We have offices dotted about/all over the region. 我们的办事处在该地区星罗棋布。
• The countryside is dotted with beautiful churches. 乡间散落着很多漂亮的教堂。
n. [数] 点，圆点；嫁妆
 - dowry, tocher

Word: sentimental
Front: sentimental
[ˌsentɪˈmentl] (研托 8266/8600 -2)
Vocabulary: sentimental
(once / 400 pages)
adj
Call a person sentimental if he or she is led more by emotions than by reason. If you have a sentimental attachment to a favorite stuffed animal, you'll probably even bring it to college with you.
Sentimental describes a person who relies on emotions more than reason, or a novel or film that is overly emotional. Derived from the Latin verb, sentire "to feel," sentimental always implies that the emotions are involved a little too much. If you do something for sentimental reasons, you are only doing it because of an emotional attachment.
WORD FAMILY
sentimental: sentimentalest, sentimentalise, sentimentalism, sentimentality, sentimentalize, sentimentally, unsentimental+/ presentiment: presentiments/ sentiment: presentiment, sentimental, sentimentise, sentimentize, sentiments/sentimentalise: sentimentalisation, sentimentalised, sentimentalises, sentimentalising/sentimentalism: sentimentalisms, sentimentalist/sentimentalist: sentimentalists/ sentimentality: sentimentalities/sentimentalization: sentimentalizations/sentimentalize: sentimentalization, sentimentalized, sentimentalizes, sentimentalizing/unsentimental: unsentimentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Part of the agenda of the sentimental Christmas movie is to inspire characters and audience to lead better lives.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He was also depressive, maudlin, sentimental and he drank like a fish.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Jamie’s sentimental education is also a kind of encounter session.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 伤感的; 多愁善感的; 感情用事的; 寓有情感的
分布：感伤的(47%)，多愁善感的(32%)，感情的(21%)
多感情的;感伤的(sentiment+al)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
US [-tˌə'men.tˌəl] adjective
■describes someone who is strongly influenced by emotional feelings, especially about happy memories of past events or relationships with other people, rather than by careful thought and judgment based on facts 多愁善感的；感情用事的
• Why be sentimental about that old coat? There's no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me. 为甚么对那件旧外套依依不舍？仅仅因为你第一次遇到我时穿着这件衣服就留着它，这毫无意义。
• It's a cheap ring but it has great sentimental value for me. 这只戒指不贵，但对我来说却有很大的纪念价值。
■disapproving
■too strongly influenced by emotional feelings 过于伤感的
• silly sentimental songs/stories 愚蠢的伤感歌曲／故事
sensational, sensible, sentimental, sensitive
这是一组形近易混词。
sensational: a.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。
 • I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.   我听到一则耸人听闻的故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。
sensible: a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。
 • The patient was speechless but still sensible.   病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。
sentimental: a.多愁善感的，感伤的。
 • The novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!   小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！
sensitive: a.敏感的，灵敏的。
 • This film is sensitive to light.   这种胶片对光很敏感。
adj. 感伤的；感情脆弱的
 - melting, mushy

Word: stainless
Front: stainless
['steɪnlɪs] (高六 8262/11524)
Back: adj. 不锈的; 不会脏的; 无污点的; 未被玷污的
分布：不锈的(44%)，无瑕疵的(28%)，无污点的(28%)
adj. [材] 不锈的；纯洁的，未被玷污的；无瑕疵的
 - pure, white

Word: monumental
Front: monumental
[ˌmɒnjuˈmentl] (宝 8275/9660 -1)
Vocabulary: monumental
(once / 1869 pages)
adj
Whether it's a monumental effort requiring vast amounts of strength or a monumental cruise ship with eleven floors and five sets of elevators, the word monumental describes something imposing or massive in size.
Monumental can also refer to something that's of outstanding importance or significance. A monumental decision for you would be one that changes your life — like the day you got engaged or when you decided to move to New York to be an actor. The word monumental can also be used if you're talking about a monument, a statue or structure commemorating a person or event. You might admire the monumental stonework on the statue in the town square.
WORD FAMILY
monumental: monumentalest, monumentalise, monumentalize, monumentally+/ monument: monumental, monuments/monumentalize: monumentalized, monumentalizes, monumentalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Activists cheered the government’s pledge for swift action, and the state-run news media called it a “monumental win for elephants.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Barring a monumental medical breakthrough in the field of organ replication, that means we need a national solution for our donation shortages—fast.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The new year might be a monumental one for Fairey, who will stage “a big solo project” in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不朽的; 纪念碑的; 非常的
分布：不朽的(72%)，纪念碑的(24%)，作为纪念的(4%)
→来自monument,纪念碑。比喻用法。
US [ˌmɑ:n.jʊ'men.tˌəl] adjective
■very big 巨大的
• a monumental task 重大的任务
• a monumental waste of time 时间的巨大浪费
adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的
 - intense, eternal

Word: recognizable
Front: recognizable
[ˈrekəgnaɪzəbl] (8269/11849 -1)
Vocabulary: recognizable
(once / 2312 pages)
adj
A recognizable person is someone you can identify or be immediately aware of. American tourists are often recognizable because most of them only speak English (and wear fanny packs).
Some things or people are recognizable because they stand out sharply. If you paint your car in rainbow colors, it will be recognizable all over town. Others are recognizable because you know them — you've seen or met them earlier. When you meet your cousin at a restaurant, she may be totally recognizable despite her new haircut and stylish clothes.
WORD FAMILY
recognizable: recognizably, unrecognizable+/derecognize: derecognized/ recognition: recognitions/ recognize: derecognize, recognition, recognizable, recognized, recognizes, recognizing/recognized: recognizedly, unrecognized/unrecognizable: unrecognizably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others say it was South Koreans who started borrowing those recognizable English words.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They aren’t instantly recognizable as Mexican paintings, or political paintings, or revolutionary works.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
His voice is ubiquitous for Alabama fans and his face is recognizable in the state.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 可识别的; 可认识的; 可承认的
分布：可认识的(56%)，可承认的(33%)，可辨别的(11%)
(UK usually recognisable) ['rek.əg.naɪ.zə.bl] adjective
■easy to recognize 可以认出的；可识别的；可认识的
• The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an instantly recognizable landmark. 巴黎的艾菲尔铁塔是一眼就能认出的标志性建筑物。
adj. 可辨认的；可认识的；可承认的
 - identifiable, cognizable

Word: memorize
Front: memorize
[ˈmeməraɪz] (高托 8276/21017 -1)
Vocabulary: memorize
(once / 4087 pages)
v
If you memorize something you know it by heart. When you were a little kid, you were probably asked to memorize “The Pledge of Allegiance,” meaning you could recite it from memory with no cheat sheets.
To memorize something is to get it into your memory, but it usually implies you’re learning something more complex than a new acquaintance’s name or the time of your next dentist appointment. People typically memorize things like multiplication tables, the periodic chart, Shakespearian quotes, lines for the community theater play, and their nine hundred different online passwords. There are many systems that people use for memorization: flash cards, association, color coding, and even sleeping with the book under their pillow.
WORD FAMILY
memorize: memorization, memorized, memorizer, memorizes, memorizing+/memorability: memorabilities/ memorable: memorability, memorabler, memorablest, memorably, unmemorable/memorise: memorisation, memorised, memoriser, memorises, memorising/memorizer: memorizers/ memory: memorable, memories, memorise, memorize /unmemorable: unmemorably
USAGE EXAMPLES
He memorized the names ahead of him, including Jones.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“They memorize things … and don’t want to get the larger picture and are not supposed to do research on their own,” Damm said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Through a process of elimination, the one that worked I would memorize and learn it in every key.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 记住，熟记; [计算机科学] 存储，记忆
时态：memorized, memorizing, memorizes
分布：记住(86%)，记下(8%)，记录(6%)
→来自memory,记忆，-ize,使。
记住,熟记(memor+ize)[memor=memory,表示"记忆"]
(UK usually memorise) ['mem.ə.raɪz] verb transitive
■to learn something so that you will remember it exactly 记住；熟记，背熟
• When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week. 念书的时候，老师要求我们每周背一首诗。
remember, memorize, recall, remind, recolect
这组词都有“记忆，记住，回忆”的意思，其区别是：
remember: 含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。
memorize: 指有意识的下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。
recall: 比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。
remind: 指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。
recolect: 指在记忆中搜索，设法想起一时想不起的事情或人，强调过程。
vt. 记住，背熟；记忆
 - retain, keep in mind

Word: upscale
Front: upscale
[ˌʌpˈskeɪl] (托 8277/-)
Vocabulary: upscale
(once / 7802 pages)
adj
Things that are upscale are made for rich people — they are high class, well made, or just plain pricey.
If your friend takes you to a fancy, expensive restaurant for your birthday, you can describe it using the word upscale. Upscale neighborhoods are full of lovely, high-priced homes, and upscale vacations might involve yachts, exotic beaches, and private planes. Upscale is the opposite of downscale, which you could use to describe a run-down motel or a grubby, cheap diner. Both adjectives first came into use in the mid-1960's.
WORD FAMILY
upscale
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prices for the wild-caught, “natural Japanese” eels served at upscale restaurants like Nodaiwa climbed even higher, by as much as fifty or sixty per cent.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Nearly two-thirds of the dead in the upscale club, which is frequented by local celebrities, were foreigners, Turkey’s Anadolu Agency said.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In New Delhi and many other cities, newspapers are full of big advertisements for lavish parties at upscale hotels and restaurants.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 升高一级，升档，迎合（高层次消费者）
adj. 高档的，高收入的，销售对象为高收入者的
分布：高端的(32%)，高消费的(20%)，提升(16%)，高级地(12%)，提高(12%)，高消费地(8%)
adjective US for upmarket
adj. 迎合高层次消费者的；质优价高的
 - upmarket

Word: inclusive
Front: inclusive
[ɪnˈklu:sɪv] (研六托雅宝 8272/11747 -1)
Vocabulary: inclusive
(once / 2756 pages)
adj
Call something inclusive when it's designed or inclined to include. An exclusive club might let you in, but an inclusive one will ask you to join, no strings attached.
Inclusive is an adjective with several meanings: It can be used to describe something that's broad or extensive, such as thorough, inclusive research project. Or it describes a group that's particularly welcoming to all kinds of people. And an inclusive range is one where the limits are included along with what lies in between: a survey of “20-40 year-olds, inclusive” tells us 20 and 40 year-olds were counted, too.
WORD FAMILY
inclusive: inclusively+/ include: included, includes, including, inclusion, inclusive / inclusion: inclusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is all about being inclusive and accepting everyone. I am trying to help these kids grow as humans and not just skaters.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It promotes inclusive education, and offers free gender reassignment surgery at government hospitals.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
America is at its greatest when it’s united, confident and inclusive of all its citizens.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 包括的，包罗广泛的; 包括…的; 一切开支包括在内的; （语言使用上）不分男女的
分布：包含 ... 在内的(34%)，包罗广泛的(33%)，包括端点的(33%)
→来自include,包含。
包括在内的(in+clus+ive)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
a.(of)包括的,包含的;范围广的The monthly rent is 150 dollars, inclusive of light and water.每月租金一百五十美元, 包括水电费在内.
adjective
■An inclusive price or amount includes everything （价格或数量）包括一切的
• My rent is $700 a month inclusive (of bills). 我的租金是每月700美元全包。
[after noun]
■including the first and last date or number stated 包括首尾两天（或两个数字）的
• I'll be away from the 20th to the 31st of May inclusive. 我将于5月20日至31日外出。
■describes a group or organization which tries to include many different types of people and treat them all fairly and equally （团体或组织）可以包容各种人的
• Our aim is to create a fairer, more inclusive society. 我们的目标是建立一个更公平、更具包容性的社会。
inclusive, extensive, massive, exhaustive
inclusive: 包括……的；…….也算入的（inclusive of）
extensive: 大量的，广泛的；
massive: 巨大的，大批的；
exhaustive: 全面的，详尽的；
adj. 包括的，包含的
 - containing, encompassing

Word: vocational
Front: vocational
[vəʊˈkeɪʃənl] (六托雅 8293/5875 -1)
Vocabulary: vocational
(once / 5279 pages)
adj
If you're learning a skill that could lead to a specific job, like how to repair cars or how to be a chef, you're getting vocational training. Vocational means "related to a career."
A vocation is a job or career, so something vocational is related to a specific kind of work. There are vocational schools that train people for jobs, which might be what you think of when you read the word vocational, though it could describe anything related to working. Vocational comes from the Latin word vocationem, or "a calling." It originally meant a spiritual calling, but grew to include employment in the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
vocational: vocationally+/ vocation: vocational, vocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among recent classes, 77 percent of participants earned high school or vocational credentials.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her vocational activities included crocheting, quilting and sewing.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The curriculum will also include some vocational skills.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 职业的，行业的; 天职的; 有助于职业的
分布：职业的(100%)
US [voʊ-] adjective
■providing skills and education that prepare you for a job 职业的；业务的
• The Swedes regard vocational training as a part of a youngster's education. 瑞典人将职业训练视为年轻人应受教育的一部分。
adj. 职业的，行业的
 - professional, occupational

Word: ninety
Front: ninety
[ˈnaɪnti] (中高 8279/1948 -5)
Vocabulary: ninety
(once / 834 pages)
nadj
Ninety is a number that's ten more than eighty and ten less than a hundred.
Ninety is a pretty big number, but there's not much else to say about it. It's one of those numbers like "sixty" or "seventy" that is formed by attaching a number in the range of 1-9 and "ty" to represent values in the tens place starting with that number. And if you were alive during the nineties (the years from 1990-1999), you probably watched a lot of "Seinfeld" and "Friends."
WORD FAMILY
ninety: nineties, ninetieth+/nineties: mid-nineties/ninetieth: ninetieths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ninety days after diagnosis, 51 percent reported fatigue, 32 percent cough, and 28 percent shortness of breath.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And, in the nineties, Nike faced a boycott over its reliance on sweatshop labor.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Roger grew up in South Florida, and in the nineties he was a running back for St. Thomas.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: num. 九十
n. 九十; 九十年代; 九十岁
adj. 九十的; 九十岁的
分布：九十(100%)
→nine,九，-ty,十。
num.九十,九十个He is ninety.他九十岁.
US [-tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 90 （数字）90
• eighty, ninety, a hundred 80， 90， 100
• Ninety percent of the people surveyed were in favour. 90%的被访者表示赞成。
UK ['naɪn.ti] US [-tˌi] number
ninety-nine times out of a hundred (also nine times out of ten)
■almost always 几乎总是
• Ninety-nine times out of a hundred everything's fine, but now and then there's a problem. 大多数时候一切顺利，但偶尔也会出现问题。

Word: snort
Front: snort
[snɔ:t] (8284/10771 -1)
Vocabulary: snort
(once / 846 pages)
nv
A snort is a sound you make by suddenly exhaling through your nose, especially if you're disgusted by something. Your response to your little brother's tempter tantrum might be a disdainful snort.
You can use the word snort as a noun or a verb — students might find it hard not to snort when they're listening to a boring and endless lecture by their vice principal. You and your friends may also snort with contempt when you're watching a really bad movie. In the fourteenth century, to snort meant to snore — it wasn't until the 1800's that snort came to mean "verbally express contempt."
WORD FAMILY
snort: snorted, snorter, snorting, snorts, snorty+/snorter: snorters/snorting: snortings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In any case, no one was off in a corner snorting some white powder.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A pack of pugs did what pugs normally do: They sat and snorted.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
“With all due respect”: “Prepare, as I snort in your general direction.”
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: v. 用鼻子哼（以表示不耐烦，轻蔑等）; （马等）喷响鼻子; （轻蔑、愤怒时）高声大笑; 汽锅)喷汽
n. 喷鼻息，鼻息声; 〈美俚〉一口酒
时态：snorted, snorting, snorts
分布：鼻息声(35%)，发哼声(33%)，哼着鼻子(16%)，喷鼻息作声(16%)
US [snɔ:rt] verb
intransitive
■to make an explosive sound by forcing air quickly up or down the nose 喷鼻息，从鼻中喷气作声
• He did an impression of a horse snorting. 他模仿了马喷鼻息的声音。
• Camille snorts when she laughs. 卡米尔大笑的时候鼻腔里会发出怪声。
• informal By this time I was snorting with laughter (= laughing a lot and loudly). 这时我不禁扑哧一声笑起来。
transitive
■to take an illegal drug by breathing it in through the nose 用鼻子吸（毒）
• People were snorting cocaine in the toilets. 人们在厕所里吸古柯碱。
transitive
■to suddenly express strong feelings of anger, disapproval or disagreement, either by speaking or in a sound that you make （表示恼怒、反对或不耐烦）哼，气哼哼地说
• "And you call that a first class service?" snorted one indignant customer. “你就把那称作一流服务？”一位愤怒的顾客气冲冲地问道。
UK [snɔ:t] US [snɔ:rt] noun countable
■a loud sound made by forcing air through the nose 鼻息声，喷鼻息，哼声
• The minister's speech drew loud snorts of derisive laughter. 部长的演讲招来了人们的大声哄笑。
vt. 喷出；发哼声；吸毒品
 - belch out, spout out

Word: pilgrimage
Front: pilgrimage
[ˈpɪlgrɪmɪdʒ] (8273/8779 -1)
Vocabulary: pilgrimage
(once / 662 pages)
n
A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place. People make pilgrimages to places like Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Dharamsala as part of their religious or spiritual practice.
A pilgrimage is often a spiritual journey, but some pilgrimages deal with other kinds of devotion. For example, fans often visit the places that are — or were — significant to their heroes. Every August 16th, Elvis Presley fans from around the country make a pilgrimage to his famous former home, Graceland, to commemorate the anniversary of his death.
WORD FAMILY
pilgrimage: pilgrimages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another says she flew in from Detroit just for the day as “sort of a Prince pilgrimage.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
No one should underestimate the symbolism of Mr. Abe’s pilgrimage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
I fittingly ended my day of peregrinations with “Pilgrimage.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 朝圣之旅; 参拜圣地; 人生的旅程，一生; 漫游
vi. 去朝圣，去参拜圣地; 漫游
分布：朝圣(82%)，朝圣之旅(16%)，人生历程(2%)
→来自pilgrim,朝圣者，-age,名词后缀。
朝圣(pilgrim朝香客)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
noun countable or uncountable
■a special journey made by a pilgrim 朝圣，朝觐
• Most Muslims try to make a pilgrimage] go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life. 大多数回教徒都设法一生至少去麦加朝圣一次。
■a journey to a place which is considered special, and which you visit to show your respect 朝圣之旅；参拜之行
• For many football fans, the national ground is a place of pilgrimage. 对许多足球迷来说，这个国家球场就是圣地。
n. 漫游；朝圣之行
 - travel, roaming service
vi. 朝拜；漫游
 - range, roam about

Word: annoying
Front: annoying
[əˈnɔɪɪŋ] (托 8290/9638 -K1)
Vocabulary: annoying
(once / 1265 pages)
adjn
Something that's annoying is upsetting or irritating or otherwise troublesome. When your mom asks you ten times in a row when you're going to clean your room, she's being annoying. But your room might also be annoying!
Annoying really is a tiresome word, as its roots imply: it comes from the old French word anuier, meaning "to weary or vex," and from the Latin inodiare, meaning — even worse — "to make loathsome." Think about that next time you do something annoying. And don't forget, it's easy to be annoying without even knowing it, as Mark Twain understood when he said, “There is nothing so annoying as to have two people talking when you're busy interrupting.”
WORD FAMILY
annoying: annoyingly+/ annoy: annoyance, annoyed, annoyer, annoying, annoys/annoyance: annoyances/ annoyed: annoyedly/annoyer: annoyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t want to become an annoying vegan,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“And at first it was kind of annoying,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s an offensively annoying mix of saccharine, schmaltz and soap.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 讨厌的; 恼人的
v. 骚扰(annoy的ing形式)
分布：讨厌的(60%)，恼人的(40%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■making you feel annoyed 讨厌的，恼人的
• It's really annoying when a train is late and there's no explanation. 火车延误而又不作任何解释，这很令人恼火。
• He's got a really annoying laugh. 他的笑声真让人烦。
adj. 讨厌的；恼人的
 - evil, rank, unpleasant, poisonous
v. 骚扰（annoy的ing形式）
 - molesting

Word: turnaround
Front: turnaround
[ˈtɜ:nəraʊnd] (8299/19869 -1)
Back: n. 车辆调头处; （思想，立场的）转变; （飞机等）卸货、加油、服务、重新装货所需时间; 转身，转向
分布：好转(54%)，周转时间(29%)，转身(12%)，回车场(5%)
US ['tɝ:n-] noun
TIME TAKEN 使用时间
uncountable (UK usually turnround)
■the amount of time taken for something to happen after a vehicle, an instruction or an order for goods arrives at a place （车辆的）终点装卸时间；周转时间；处理时间
• We'll have to improve the turnround - 3 days is too long. 我们必须缩短周转时间——三天时间太长。
• Turnround time for the information is some four days and the average cost £12. 资讯周转期是四天左右，平均费用是12英镑。
⇒ See also turn around at turn
UK ['tɜ:n.ə.raʊnd] US ['tɝ:n-] noun
BIG CHANGE 重大的改变
only singular (UK also turnround)
■when a business, plan or system suddenly becomes successful （突然）好转，改观，改善
• The chairman, Tony Bramall, was responsible for the turnaround in the company's fortunes. 公司命运的转变归功于董事长托尼‧布拉莫尔。
only singular (UK also turnround)
■any change from one thing to its opposite 根本性的变化，彻底的改变
• What a turnaround - at halftime they were losing 3-0, but in the end they won 4-3. 真是一个大逆转——中场休息时，他们还以0比3落后，可最后却以4比3胜出。
n. 转变；转向；突然好转； [公路] 回车道
 - transition, obversion

Word: superficial
Front: superficial
[ˌsu:pəˈfɪʃl] (研四六托雅宝 8281/6471 -2)
Vocabulary: superficial
(once / 655 pages)
adj
Anything superficial has to do with the surface of something. If you're judging a book by its cover, you're being superficial. People who worry too much about their clothes and hair may also be considered superficial.
The word superficial has to do with appearances and the surface. If a car is in an accident, but it only has a few scratches, you could say it has superficial damage, because the important parts are OK. If you just glance at a movie for a second, your opinion will be more superficial than the opinion of someone who watched the whole film closely. Superficial can have a negative flavor; calling someone superficial is saying that they are shallow and care too little about meaningful things.
WORD FAMILY
superficial: superficiality, superficially+/superficiality: superficialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Mexican elements are superficial, often just a bit of color or spice mixed into the standard avant-garde recipe.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
That speaks to a deeper continuity with past conservative outlooks than his superficial attacks against Bush-era neoconservative misadventures.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
The movie manages to be simultaneously superficial and heartbreaking.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 表面（上）的; 肤浅的，缺乏深度的; 一知半解的
分布：肤浅的(53%)，表面的(47%)
→super-,在上，上方，-fic,脸，表面，词源同 face.即面上的，表面的。
肤浅的(super+fic做＋ial→在表面上做)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
a.表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的The superstitious man put the priority on the superficial supersonic superiority.迷信的人把优先权放在表面的超音速的优良上.
【记】super，fic做，ial－在上面做－表面的
【反】pith（n 重要部分）－superficial element（表面的因素）；central（adj 中心的）
US [-pɚ-] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不认真的 disapproving
■(of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important （人）浅薄的，肤浅的
• He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial. 和他在一起很有趣，但是他见识很肤浅。
UK [ˌsu:.pə'fɪʃ.əl] US [-pɚ-] adjective
NOT COMPLETE 不完整的 usually disapproving
■not complete and involving only the most obvious things 表面的，浅显的，肤浅的
• I thought that article was written at a very superficial level. 我认为那篇文章写得很肤浅。
• The documentary's treatment/analysis of the issues was very superficial. 这部纪录片对这个问题的处理／分析非常肤浅。
• I only have a superficial (= slight) knowledge of French. 我对法语只是略知皮毛。
UK [ˌsu:.pə'fɪʃ.əl] US [-pɚ-] adjective
FALSE APPEARANCE 虚假的表面
■appearing to be real or important when this is not true or correct 表面上的
• There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they're quite different in terms of performance. 这两辆汽车表面上虽然相似，但事实上它们的性能相差甚远。
UK [ˌsu:.pə'fɪʃ.əl] US [-pɚ-] adjective
ONLY ON SURFACE 仅在表面
■only on the surface of something 仅在表面的，表层的
• superficial damage 表面损伤
• The driver only received superficial injuries/cuts/wounds. 司机只受了点皮外伤。
superficial, shallow
这组词都有“肤浅的，浅薄的”的意思，其区别是：
superficial: 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。
shallow: 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。
adj. 表面的；肤浅的
 - surface, external, facial, shallow
n. 表面文章；外表；浅薄的人
 - person, garment

Word: vapor
Front: vapor
['veɪpə] (托 8212/-)
Vocabulary: vapor
(once / 869 pages)
n
When something that is normally liquid — like water — becomes a visible, gas-like substance floating in the air, it's a vapor.
The fog that often settles across your town in the mornings is one kind of vapor. Mist is also a vapor, as is your frozen breath when you can see it on a cold winter day. The Latin root word is vaporem, "exhalation, steam, or heat."
WORD FAMILY
vapor: vaporing, vaporise, vaporish, vaporize, vaporous, vapors+/vaporing: vaporings/vaporise: vaporisation, vaporised, vaporiser, vaporising/vaporish: vaporishly/ vaporize: vaporizable, vaporization, vaporized, vaporizer, vaporizes, vaporizing/vaporizer: vaporizers/vaporous: vaporously, vaporousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Powered by a battery, e-cigarettes turn liquid nicotine into an inhalable vapor without the harmful tar generated by regular cigarettes.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Is now an indivisible instant, a line of vapor between the past and the future?
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
The report joins a public debate about the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes, which are battery-powered devices that heat nicotine-laced liquid into a vapor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物; 自夸者; 幻想 [药]吸入剂 [古]忧郁（症）
v. 自夸，（使）蒸发
分布：蒸汽(59%)，水蒸汽(19%)，蒸发(19%)，汽化(3%)
→词源不详。
蒸汽[vapor=steam,表示"蒸汽"]
【参】vaporous（adj 蒸气多的；不实质的）
【反】vaporous（adj 不实质的）－substantial（adj 实质的）
n. 蒸汽；烟雾
 - steam, fog
vt. 使……蒸发；使……汽化
 - evaporate
vi. 蒸发；吹牛；沮丧
 - hot air, talk horse

Word: excursion
Front: excursion
[ɪkˈskɜ:ʃn] (研四六托雅宝 8288/6562 -1)
Vocabulary: excursion
(once / 444 pages)
n
An excursion is taken more for pleasure than for practical reasons. Your business trip, when you spent most of the week waiting in airports and adjusting to different time zones, does not count as an excursion.
The Latin root for excursion is excurrere, meaning "to run out." So if you run out for a bit to get some fresh air, you've gone on an excursion. If you leave specifically to buy milk from the corner store and end up swimming in a stream, you've probably taken an excursion into the woods.
WORD FAMILY
excursion: excursionist, excursions+/excursionist: excursionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
USC players looked mostly relieved to be freed from the public-relations boondoggle that is the annual Rose Bowl excursion to Disneyland.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Instead, top donors are offered a private reception with “VIPs and celebrities associated with the event” and “a multi-day outdoor excursion.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“The hunting/fishing excursion is not confirmed and is not something we are offering to sponsors.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指集体）远足; 短途旅行，游览; 离题; [机]冲程
分布：远足(63%)，短途旅行(37%)
→ex-, 向外。-cur, 跑，词源同course, current.
远足;游览(excurse+ion)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
n.短途旅行,游览;离题;[物理]偏移,漂移We went on an excursion to the city.我们到这个城市去旅行.
【记】ex出，curs跑－跑出去－短途旅游
【参】incursion（n 袭击；侵入）；cursive（n /v 草书的）
US [-'skɝ:-] noun countable
■a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group of people （常指结伴同行的）远足，短程旅行
• This year's annual excursion will be to Lincoln. 今年的年度短途旅行的目的地是林肯。
• Next week we're going on an excursion. 下星期我们要去远足。
excursion into sth
■a short involvement in a new activity （短暂）涉猎；（短期）涉足
• A teacher by profession, this is her first excursion into writing. 她的职业是教师，这是她首次跨足文学创作。
expedition, voyage, journey, trip, travel, excursion, tour, cruise
这组词都有“旅行”的意思，其区别是：
expedition: 指有特定目的远征或探险。
voyage: 指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey: 最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
trip: 普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。
travel: 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。
excursion: 较正式用词，常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。
tour: 指最后反回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
cruise: 主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。
n. 偏移；远足；短程旅行；离题；游览圆
 - skewing, short trip

Word: hallmark
Front: hallmark
[ˈhɔ:lmɑ:k] (托宝 8292/11245 -1)
Vocabulary: hallmark
(once / 5752 pages)
n
A hallmark is a distinctive characteristic of something or someone. That can mean a literal symbol on the bottom of a piece of pottery, or just a rock star's signature hair style.
Though some products have real hallmarks on them, indicating their creator or origin, this word is usually used in a less literal way to describe a unique attribute, a special style, or typical feature. A basketball player could say that coming to practice early is a hallmark of her success. A business could say their success is a hallmark of their commitment to customers. And you could definitely say Elvis' hip swivel was a hallmark of his performances.
WORD FAMILY
hallmark: hallmarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
With all the hallmarks of a village inn, The Flask is very close to Highgate Cemetery - the burial place of Karl Marx.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Another Apple hallmark — elegant design — is also a core value.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Every Christmas season the two Hallmark Channels release or replay a familiar holiday script.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 检验印记; 特点，标志; 质量证明
vt. 给…盖上品质证明印记; 使具有…标志
分布：标志(73%)，特征(23%)，标纯度(2%)，纯度标记(2%)
→来自Goldsmith’s Hall in London,伦敦金器所，18世纪伦敦的金器银器官方权威评测机构，mark,标记。即金银纯度标记，引申词义特征，特点。
明显标志,特征(hall大+mark→大标志)[mark=sign,表示"记号,符号"]
【记】mark（n 标志；分数；记号）
【反】uncharacteristic feature（无特点的标志）
US ['hɑ:l.mɑ:rk] noun countable
MARK 印记
■in the UK, an official mark put on objects made of gold or silver which shows their place and year of origin and the purity of the metal used to make them （英国金银制品上表示产地、生产日期和纯度的）纯度印记
UK ['hɔ:l.mɑ:k] US ['hɑ:l.mɑ:rk] noun countable
CHARACTERISTIC 特征
■a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing 特征，特点
• Simplicity is a hallmark of this design. 简洁是该设计的一个特点。
• This explosion bears/has all the hallmarks of (= is extremely likely to have been) a terrorist attack. 这次爆炸带有恐怖袭击的所有特征。
UK ['hɔ:l.mɑ:k] US ['hɑ:l.mɑ:rk] verb transitive
■to put an official mark on an object made of gold or silver 给…打上纯度印记
n. 特点；品质证明
 - trait, distinguishing feature

Word: mask
Front: mask
[mɑ:sk] (高研四六托雅宝 2893/4312 -3)
Vocabulary: mask
(once / 262 pages)
nv
A mask is a disguise that covers just your face. Your Halloween costume might include a scary monster mask and a furry suit with a tail, or maybe you just wear that for fun.
You can wear a mask to conceal your identity, to dress up as a character for a party or holiday, to scare someone, or to make someone laugh. Robbers sometimes wear masks so they can't be identified, and an actor might wear a mask while playing the role of a rabbit in a play. Other masks are useful, including masks that protect patients from germs and masks that keep skiers' faces warm.
WORD FAMILY
mask: masked, masker, masking, masks, unmask+/masker: maskers/masking: maskings/unmask: unmasked, unmasking, unmasks/unmasking: unmaskings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goalies wear full padding, but the other players wear sweatpants, jerseys and helmets with face masks.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His mask - which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator - features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His mask — which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator — features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 面具; 假面具; 用作掩饰的事物; 护肤膜
vt. 掩饰; 戴面具; 用面具遮住，掩盖，掩饰
vi. 戴面具; 隐瞒，掩饰
时态：masked, masking, masks
分布：面具(55%)，掩饰(18%)，面罩(15%)，伪装(6%)，戴面具(5%)，遮盖(1%)
→来自中古法语masque,护脸，面罩，来自拉丁语masca,面具，鬼怪，幽灵。词源不确定，可能来自mask,黑色的，涂黑，并由该词引申词义巫师，术士等，见mascot.或来自mesh,网，网状物，并引申词义面纱，后来用于指面具，面罩。
n.面具,面罩;假面具,伪装v.掩饰,化装The man in mask asked me for a task; I let him put the basket on the desk in the dusk.戴面具的人向我要任务,我让他在黄昏时把篮子放到桌子上.
【参】masquerade（n 化妆舞会；v 化装）masquer＝mask，ade进攻性
US [mæsk] noun countable
FACE COVER 面罩
 ADVANCED
■a covering for all or part of the face which protects, hides or decorates the person wearing it 面具，面罩
• a gas mask 防毒面具
• a surgical mask 外科手术口罩
• The bank robbers wore masks throughout the raid. 劫匪抢劫银行时一直戴着面罩。
UK [mɑ:sk] US [mæsk] noun countable
APPEARANCE/BEHAVIOUR 外表／行为
■appearance or behaviour that hides the reality 掩饰；伪装
• The newspaper revealed the sordid truth behind his mask of respectability. 报纸揭露了他体面外表下龌龊肮脏的真实嘴脸。
UK [mɑ:sk] US [mæsk] noun countable
sb's mask slips
■If someone's mask slips, they do something which suddenly shows their real character, when they have been pretending to be a different, usually nicer, type of person. （某人）露出真面目
UK [mɑ:sk] US [mæsk] verb transitive
■to prevent something from being seen or noticed 掩饰；掩盖；遮蔽
• I've put some flowers in there to mask the smell. 我在那里放了一些花来掩盖那种气味。
cloak, mask, disguise
这组词都有“伪装”的意思，其区别是：
cloak: 指采取伪装来掩盖或隐藏真实面目或本性或企图。
mask: 本义为“面罩”，引申“掩饰”解时，指掩饰某物的真实性质或存在的伪装。
disguise: 指改变装束或外表以掩饰自己的真面目或冒充他人。有时仅指掩饰感情、动机或意图。
n. 面具；口罩；掩饰
 - blind, face-piece
vi. 掩饰；戴面具；化装
 - dissimulate, make sb up
vt. 掩饰；戴面具；使模糊
 - belie, disguise

Word: puff
Front: puff
[pʌf] (研四六 8283/9777 -1)
Vocabulary: puff
(once / 333 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4n 5n 6n 7v 8v 9adj
A puff is a wisp of air or a baked snack. A magician might disappear in a puff of smoke — the kind that happens when you blow out a candle, not the kind that’s made of cheese.
A puff of wind can spin a pinwheel or send a kite bobbing higher in the sky, and a tired runner's breath comes in puffs. There’s also the kind of puff that's inflated or stuffed and soft, like a puff of hair on grandma's head, a powder puff, or puff pastry, which is a thin, buttery dough that puffs up as it's baked. The Old English root is the imitative pyffan, "to blow with the mouth."
WORD FAMILY
puff: puffed, puffer, puffery, puffing, puffingly, puffs, puffy +/puffer: puffers/puffery: pufferies/puffing: puffings/ puffy: puffier, puffiest, puffily, puffiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
For all the lactic acid-affected huff and puff on display among many of the players, those two are the brightest by far.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Her wrist was very slender even towards the end of her life, with steroids puffing her up like a blowfish.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The centre should be puffed and set but still a little gooey.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 一阵（气味，烟雾等）; 粉扑; 酥皮点心; 夸奖，吹嘘
vt. 喷出; 膨胀; 吹捧; 得意
vi. 喷出; 膨胀; 夸张
时态：puffed, puffing, puffs
分布：粉扑(22%)，膨胀(16%)，一阵(14%)，一股(11%)，泡芙(10%)，喷出(10%)，吹捧(6%)，夸张(4%)，喘息(4%)，骄傲(2%)，吹嘘的(1%)
→拟声词，吸气或吐气声，引申诸相关词义。
n.一阵,一股(气味等);喘息;吹嘘v.喘息,鼓吹A gust of wind puffed the clouds away.一阵大风把云吹散了.
verb
BREATHE 呼吸
intransitive
■to breathe fast and with difficulty, usually because you have been doing exercise 喘气
• He came puffing up the stairs. 他气喘吁吁地上了楼。
• [+ speech] "I ran all the way home," she puffed (= said while puffing). “我是一路跑回家的，”她气喘吁吁地说。
puff and pant
■to breathe fast and with difficulty, usually because you have been doing exercise 气喘吁吁
[pʌf] verb
SMOKE 吸烟
intransitive or transitive
■to smoke tobacco 吸（烟），抽（烟）
• She was puffing on a cigarette at the time. 她当时正在吸烟。
• He sat there, puffing away at a cigarette. 他坐在那里，抽着烟。
[pʌf] verb
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
intransitive or transitive
■to blow out in clouds, or make steam or smoke do this 吹，喷出，冒出
• He puffed a cloud of cigarette smoke into my eyes. 他冲着我的眼睛喷了一口香烟。
• The chimney was puffing out clouds of smoke. 烟囱向外冒出一缕缕的烟。
[pʌf] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] puff sth out
■to make your chest or your face become bigger by filling it with air 鼓起（胸膛或脸颊）
• He puffed out his cheeks and sat back in his chair. 他鼓着腮帮子，坐回椅子上。
[pʌf] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  puff up
■If part of your body puffs up, it becomes bigger because it is infected or injured. （因感染或受伤）肿胀
• My leg puffed up all round the insect bite. 我腿上被昆虫叮咬的部位肿了起来。
[pʌf] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] puff sth up
■to become larger or full of air, or to make something become larger in this way （使）膨胀，（使）鼓起
• When the pastry is golden and puffed up, take the pie out of the oven. 当外面的酥皮变成金黄色并鼓起来时，把馅饼从烤箱拿出来。
[pʌf] noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
countable
■a small amount of smoke, air or something that can rise into the air in a small cloud 一小口（烟雾），一小股（空气）
• Sean blew a puff of smoke at his reflection in the mirror. 尚恩朝镜中的自己喷了一口烟。
• He hit the ground with his stick and a puff of dust rose up into the air. 他用自己的拐杖敲击地面，扬起一股浮尘。
[pʌf] noun
CAKE 蛋糕
countable
■a type of sweet cake or savoury food which is made from puff pastry and is filled with different food 泡芙；松饼
• a cream/jam puff 鲜奶油／果酱松饼
• cheese puffs 起司松饼
[pʌf] noun
PRAISE 赞扬
countable (US also puff piece) informal mainly disapproving
■a piece of writing or speech which praises something too much 吹捧文字，吹捧的言论
[pʌf] noun
BREATHE 呼吸
be out of puff informal
■to be breathing with difficulty because you have been doing physical exercise 气喘吁吁，呼吸急促
[pʌf] noun
SMOKING 吸烟
countable
■an act of smoking 吸烟，抽烟
• She took a puff on her cigarette and thought for a moment. 她抽了一口烟，沉思了一会儿。
[pʌf] noun
vanish / go up/ disappear in a puff of smoke informal
■to disappear suddenly and completely 消失得无影无踪
• One moment he was standing behind me, the next he had vanished in a puff of smoke. 前一秒钟他还站在我身后，后一秒钟他就消失得无影无踪了。
• All his hard work seemed to be going up in a puff of smoke. 他所有的辛劳似乎都成了泡影。
vt. 喷出，张开；使膨胀；夸张；使骄傲自满
 - expand, belch out
vi. 膨胀；张开；鼓吹；夸张
 - fill, swell with
n. 粉扑；泡芙；蓬松；一阵喷烟；肿块；吹嘘，宣传广告
 - tumor, knub

Word: playing
Front: playing
[ˈpleɪɪŋ] (8296/8954)
Back: v. 演奏( play的现在分词 ); 演出; 参加比赛; 捉弄
分布：演奏(56%)，比赛(30%)，表现(10%)，动词play的现在分词.(4%)
VERB
玩；玩耍
When children, animals, or perhaps adults play, they spend time doing enjoyable things, such as using toys and taking part in games.
例：...invite the children round to play...邀请孩子们来玩
例：They played in the little garden...他们在小花园里玩耍。
V-RECIP
参加（体育活动、比赛等）
When you play a sport, game, or match, you take part in it.
例：While the twins played cards, Francis sat reading...那对双胞胎玩扑克牌的时候，弗朗西斯坐着看书。
例：Alain was playing cards with his friends...阿兰正和朋友打扑克牌。
VERB
（和…）比赛
When one person or team plays another or plays against them, they compete against them in a sport or game.
例：Northern Ireland will play Latvia...北爱尔兰队将对阵拉脱维亚队。
例：I've played against him a few times.我已多次和他交手。
VERB
（比赛等中）打出，踢出，击出（球）
When you play the ball or play a shot in a game or sport, you kick or hit the ball.
例：Think first before playing the ball...踢出球前先想一想。
例：Sikander Bakht played a bad shot...西坎德尔·巴克特击出一记坏球。
VERB
开（玩笑）；耍（花招）；搞（恶作剧）
If you play a joke or a trick on someone, you deceive them or give them a surprise in a way that you think is funny, but that often causes problems for them or annoys them.
例：Someone had played a trick on her, stretched a piece of string at the top of those steps...有人搞恶作剧整她，在最高的台阶上拉了一根绳子。
例：I thought: 'This cannot be happening, somebody must be playing a joke'.我想：“这不可能发生，肯定是谁在开玩笑。”
VERB
随意摆弄；弄着玩
If you play with an object or with your hair, you keep moving it or touching it with your fingers, perhaps because you are bored or nervous.
例：She stared at the floor, idly playing with the strap of her handbag.她眼睛盯着地板，漫不经心地摆弄着手提包的带子。
N-COUNT
剧本；戏剧
A play is a piece of writing which is performed in a theatre, on the radio, or on television.
例：The company put on a play about the homeless...这家剧团上演了一出讲述无家可归者的戏。
例：It's my favourite Shakespeare play.它是我最喜欢的一部莎士比亚戏剧。
VERB
扮演，饰演（角色等）
If an actor plays a role or character in a play or film, he or she performs the part of that character.
例：...Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, in which he played Hyde...他在其中饰演海德一角的《化身博士》
例：His ambition is to play the part of Dracula.他渴望扮演德拉库拉。
V-LINK
装扮；假装；充当
You can use play to describe how someone behaves, when they are deliberately behaving in a certain way or like a certain type of person. For example, to play the innocent, means to pretend to be innocent, and to play deaf means to pretend not to hear something.
例：Hill tried to play the peacemaker...希尔想要充当和事佬。
例：She was just playing the devoted mother...她只是装得像个尽心尽责的母亲似的。
VERB
（以…方式）对待，处置，处理
You can describe how someone deals with a situation by saying that they play it in a certain way. For example, if someone plays it cool, they keep calm and do not show much emotion, and if someone plays it straight, they behave in an honest and direct way.
例：Investors are playing it cautious, and they're playing it smart.投资者审慎精明地行事。
V-ERG
演奏（乐器或乐曲）
If you play a musical instrument or play a tune on a musical instrument, or if a musical instrument plays, music is produced from it.
例：Nina had been playing the piano...尼娜一直都在弹钢琴。
例：Two people played jazz on a piano...两人联手在一架钢琴上演奏爵士乐。
V-ERG
播放（唱片、CD或磁带）
If you play a record, a CD, or a tape, you put it into a machine and sound is produced. If a record, CD, or tape is playing, sound is being produced from it.
例：She played her records too loudly...她播放唱片时音量太大了。
例：Every evening in those days the BBC played 'God Save The King'...那些日子里，英国广播公司每天晚上都会播放《天佑吾王》。
VERB
（音乐家、乐队等）表演；举办（音乐会）
If a musician or group of musicians plays or plays a concert, they perform music for people to listen or dance to.
例：A band was playing...乐队在表演。
例：He will play concerts in Amsterdam and Paris.他将在阿姆斯特丹和巴黎举办音乐会。
VERB
（光）轻快地移动
When light plays somewhere, it moves about on a surface in an unsteady way.
例：The sun played on the frosty roofs.阳光在结霜的屋顶上闪烁变幻。
PHRASE
搞什么名堂；干什么蠢事
If you ask what someone is playing at, you are angry because you think they are doing something stupid or wrong.
例：What the hell are you playing at?你究竟在搞什么名堂？
PHRASE
（使）开始活动；（使）投入使用； （使）开始起作用
When something comes into play or is brought into play, it begins to be used or to have an effect.
例：The real existence of a military option will come into play...存在选择军事手段的切实可能这一点将会起到作用。
例：Breathing brings many muscles into play.呼吸使很多肌肉活动起来。
PHRASE
（在…中）发挥作用，产生影响
If something or someone plays a part or plays a role in a situation, they are involved in it and have an effect on it.
例：They played a part in the life of their community...他们参与到了自己社区的生活中。
例：The UN would play a major role in monitoring a ceasefire.联合国在监督停火方面会发挥重要作用。
n. 比赛；演奏
 - competition, game, match, tournament
v. 玩耍（play的ing形式）
 - romping

Word: rig
Front: rig
[rɪg] (六雅宝 8285/8228 -2)
Vocabulary: rig
(once / 396 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
When you rig something, you connect parts in a way that's so crazy it just might work. You could rig your jeans by using a paper clip to replace a button that pops.
Rig can also describe deceiving people to achieve a certain outcome. Voting multiple times, purposely miscounting the number of votes a person received, even throwing out certain people's votes: these are all ways to rig an election. Outraged people say, "The election was fixed!" This doesn't mean it was repaired; it means it was rigged — fraud played a role in the outcome.
WORD FAMILY
rig: rigged, rigger, rigging, rigs+/ rigged: unrigged/rigger: riggers/ rigging: riggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The digital media ecosystem is completely rigged against ethical responsibility in ways that are potentially more destructive than the old media ecosystem.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Palmyra, parts of it already destroyed by the Islamists who deemed these monuments idolatrous, was still rigged with explosives.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“So it’s rigged if Hillary wins, but it’s not rigged if Trump’s winning?” correspondent Allana Harkin asked a Trump voter.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 船桅（或船帆等）的装置; 成套器械; 捣蛋，恶作剧; 阴谋，诡计
vt. 给（船、桅杆）装配帆及索具; 用临时替代材料迅速搭起; （用不正当手段）操纵; 垄断
时态：rigged, rigging, rigs
分布：操纵(33%)，钻塔(19%)，装备(16%)，装配(10%)，服装(7%)，钻井架(6%)，临时赶造(3%)，装扮(3%)，帆具(3%)
→可能来自北欧某语言，最终来自 reig,绑定，来自 reg,拉直，管理，词源同 rack,regulate. 引申词义帆，索具，后引申动词义操纵，控制等。
【记】rig不是right的行为
verb transitive (-gg-)
DISHONESTLY ARRANGE 作假
■to arrange dishonestly for the result of something, for example an election, to be changed （采取不正当的手段）操纵；对…做手脚
• Previous elections in the country have been rigged by the ruling party. 这个国家以前的选举都受到了执政党的操纵。
[rɪg] verb transitive (-gg-)
FIX IN PLACE 固定到位
■to fix a piece of equipment in place 安装；装配
• We rigged up a tent between two trees. 我们把帐篷扎在两棵树之间
• The sailors rigged the ship with new sails. 水手们给船装配上了新帆。
[rɪg] verb transitive (-gg-)
rig the market
■to make the price of shares go up or down in order to make a profit 操纵股市
[rɪg] verb transitive (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rig sb out informal
■to put a particular type of clothing on someone 给（某人）穿上特别的衣服
• [R] We rigged ourselves out in tracksuits and running shoes for the race. 我们穿上了田径服和跑鞋去赛跑。
[rɪg] verb transitive (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rig sth up
■to quickly make a piece of equipment from any materials you can find 匆匆做成；仓促拼凑
• I rigged up a temporary radio aerial from a coat hanger. 我用一个衣撑凑合著做了一个收音机临时天线。
[rɪg] noun countable
STRUCTURE 结构
■a large structure which is used for removing oil or gas from the ground or the bottom of the sea （开采石油或天然气的）钻井架，钻塔，钻井设备
• Safety precautions on oil rigs are designed to cope with fires and small-scale explosions. 已经对钻塔制定了安全预防措施，以应付火灾和小规模的爆炸事故。
[rɪg] noun countable
TRUCK 货车 mainly US a truck consisting of two or more parts which bend where they are joined so that the vehicle can turn corners more easily 铰接式货车；大型货车
n. 装备；钻探设备；服装； [船] 帆装
 - equipment, clothing, arm, garment, wear
vt. 操纵；装配；装扮；装上索具
 - man, guide, manipulate

Word: misunderstand
Front: misunderstand
[ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd] (高研四六 8287/8418 -2)
Vocabulary: misunderstand
(once / 727 pages)
v
To misunderstand is to incorrectly interpret what someone means. If you misunderstand the directions for taking your medication, you might end up feeling loopy or passing out.
When a football player misunderstands the coach's instructions, he might make the wrong play. If a baker misunderstands what you ask him to write on your best friend's birthday cake, he might misspell her name. The verb misunderstand adds the "bad" or "wrong" prefix mis- to understand, from an Old English root, understandan, that literally means "stand in the midst of."
WORD FAMILY
misunderstand: misunderstanding, misunderstands+/misunderstanding: misunderstandings/misunderstood: misunderstoodest/ understand: misunderstand, understandable, understanding, understands, understood/ understandable: understandability/ understanding: understandingly, understandings/understood: misunderstood, understoodest, ununderstood
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Home’s ability to understand my voice was notable considering how frequently Siri, the iPhone virtual assistant, and I misunderstand each other.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But I don’t write in Chinese, I explained, and the organizer apologized for her misunderstanding.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“I am really thankful to them; I don’t want them to misunderstand,” he said later about the sponsors.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 误会，误解; 曲解
时态：misunderstood, misunderstanding, misunderstands
分布：误解(83%)，误会(14%)，不了解(3%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，understand,理解。
误解(mis+understand理解)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
v.误解,误会Standing under the outstanding rock I misunderstood his standard standpoint.站在突出的岩石下,我误解了他的标准立场.
US [-dɚ-] (misunderstood, misunderstood)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to think you have understood someone or something when you have not 误解；误会
• If you think that these transport problems can be solved by building more roads, you completely misunderstand the nature of the problem. 如果你认为这些交通问题可以藉修筑新路来解决的话，那你就完全误解了问题的本质。
• I told him I'd meet him here, but perhaps he misunderstood and went straight to the pub. 我跟他说我会在这里等他，但可能他理解错了，直接去了小酒馆。
vt. 误解；误会
 - misconstrue, misread

Word: reviewer
Front: reviewer
[rɪˈvju:ə(r)] (高 8282/10297)
Back: n. 评论家，评论者
分布：评论者(72%)，书评作者(20%)，报刊评论员(8%)
→来自 review,写评论。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who writes articles expressing their opinion of a book, play, film, etc. 评论家
n. 评论者，评论家
 - critic, commenter

Word: nightclub
Front: nightclub
[ˈnaɪtklʌb] (8297/10194 -2)
Vocabulary: nightclub
(once / 2647 pages)
n
A nightclub is a bar or a disco where people can dance or be entertained late into the night. There are many nightclubs in New York City, but there are no nightclubs at all in most tiny Vermont villages.
Visitors to a nightclub can eat and drink; watch singers, dancers, or comedians perform; and usually also dance to live music or songs played by a DJ. You can also call a nightclub a "club" for short — the dance floor is what distinguishes it from a bar or a pub. The word nightclub sounds modern, but it dates from the late nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
nightclub: nightclubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the survivors of the Istanbul nightclub attack says she feared she would "die in the bathroom".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Joe’s Pub, the glimmering nightclub at the Public Theater, bursts with laughter and cheers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“A hero soldier of the caliphate attacked one of the most famous nightclubs, where Christians celebrated their pagan holiday,” the statement read.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 夜总会
vi. 去夜总会
分布：夜总会(100%)
→即夜间俱乐部。
['naɪt.klʌb] (informal nightspot)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a place which is open late into the night, where people can go to drink and dance and often see some type of entertainment 夜总会
n. 夜总会
 - club, night spot, boite

Word: thyme
Front: thyme
[taɪm] (8278/16148 -1)
Back: n. （用以调味的）百里香（草）
分布：百里香(89%)，麝香草(11%)
→一种散发强烈香气的薄荷植物，来自希腊语 thymon,百里香，词源同 fume,烟，烟味，气味。 字母 f,th 音变，比较 firm,throne.因这种植物强烈的气味而得名。
noun uncountable
■a herb used in cooking 百里香（用作烹饪调味品）

Word: mortar
Front: mortar
[ˈmɔ:tə(r)] (托宝 8303/7187 -2)
Vocabulary: mortar
(once / 817 pages)
1n 2nv 3n
A mortar is a bowl-shaped container that you can grind things in using a pestle. You probably buy your spices pre-ground at the store, but if you wanted to be old-school, you could grind them yourself with a mortar and pestle.
Mortar is an old word — it comes from Old English, and using a mortar to smash things up is old way of cooking. It's also the builder's paste used between bricks. If you've heard the phrase "brick and mortar," that's a style of building, as well as a general phrase for something with a real building (as opposed to an internet business). And it's also a gun that fires high bullets that land short-range.
WORD FAMILY
mortar: mortared, mortaring, mortars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The older woman is instructing the younger one, who is lost in thought in the midst of crushing garlic with a copper mortar and pestle.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
But he says too often people who discover old grenades or a mortar shell will haul it to the police station.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They watched mortar shells or stray bullets kill their relatives and neighbors.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 迫击炮; 砂浆; 房产; 研钵
vt. & vi. 用迫击炮攻击（或袭击）; 用灰泥涂抹[结合]
时态：mortared, mortaring, mortars
分布：灰泥(31%)，灰浆(23%)，臼(21%)，研钵(15%)，用灰泥结合(5%)，用灰泥涂抹(5%)
→来自拉丁语mortarium,研钵，捣药罐，搅拌碗，词源不详。可能来自mer,捣碎，伤害，来自smi,砍，劈，词源同smith.后引申词义捣灰池，灰泥，砂浆等。
【记】mor死，tar：使里面的东西被碾死的东西－臼
US ['mɔ:r.tɚ] noun
MIXTURE 混合物
uncountable
■a mixture of sand, water and cement or lime that is used to fix bricks or stones to each other when building walls （砌砖等用的）砂浆，灰浆
UK ['mɔ:.tər] US ['mɔ:r.tɚ] noun
GUN 炮
countable
■a large gun with a short wide barrel (= part shaped like a tube) which fires bombs or other explosives very high into the air, or an explosive device shot from such a gun 迫击炮（弹）
UK ['mɔ:.tər] US ['mɔ:r.tɚ] noun
BOWL 碗
countable
■a hard strong bowl in which substances are crushed into a powder by hitting or rubbing them with a pestle (= heavy tool) 臼，研钵
• Use a pestle and mortar to crush the spices. 用杵和研钵将香料研碎。
n. [军] 迫击炮；臼，研钵；灰泥
 - minnie, plaister

Word: pecan
Front: pecan
[ˈpi:kən] (宝 8286/39562)
Back: n. 美洲山核桃; 美洲山核桃树
分布：名词(100%)
→来自北美印度安土著语。
US [-'kɑ:n] noun countable
■a type of nut which is long with a rough surface and which has a smooth red-brown shell 美洲山核桃；大胡桃
• chopped pecans 山核桃块
• pecan pie 山核桃派

Word: bloc
Front: bloc
[blɒk] (雅 8313/8165 -2)
Back: n. 集团，联盟
分布：集团(100%)
→来自block的变体。
US [blɑ:k] noun countable
■a group of countries or people that have similar political interests 集团，阵营（指具有类似政治利益的国家或人的群体）
• The European Union is a powerful trading/trade bloc. 欧盟是一个强大的贸易集团。
• the former Eastern/Communist bloc countries 前东欧集团／共产主义阵营国家
n. 集团
 - collective, clan

Word: backing
Front: backing
[ˈbækɪŋ] (8295/5020 -3)
Back: n. 支持; 支持者; 背衬; <口>（独唱或独奏的）伴奏
v. （使）后退，（使）倒退( back的现在分词); 支持; 作…的衬里; （用证据或理论来）证实（一种理论或主张）
分布：支持(91%)，背衬(5%)，伴奏(3%)，动词back的现在分词.(1%)
noun
SUPPORT 支持
 ADVANCED uncountable
■support, especially money, that someone gives a person or plan 支持，援助；（尤指）资助
• If I go ahead with the plan, can I count on your backing? 如果我着手实施这个计划，你会资助我吗？
['bæk.ɪŋ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
 ADVANCED uncountable
■music or singing which is played or performed to support a song or tune, especially a popular one （尤指流行音乐的）伴奏，伴唱
• a backing track 伴奏曲
• She sang as part of an all-women backing (US usuallybackup) group. 她是女子伴唱组的一员。
['bæk.ɪŋ] noun
MATERIAL 物料
countable or uncountable
■something put on the back of something else in order to make it stronger or protect it 背衬
• It's strong cloth - it might be useful as (a) backing. 这种布很结实——可以用作里衬。
n. 支持；后退；支持者；衬背
 - recession, holding, support, adhesion, advocate
v. 支持（back的ing形式）
 - supporting, encouraging

Word: demonstrator
Front: demonstrator
[ˈdemənstreɪtə(r)] (8307/6740)
Vocabulary: demonstrator
(once / 2466 pages)
n
If you participate in a political protest, you are a demonstrator. Demonstrate means to show, and by dint of your presence, you are showing that you agree with the protest message.
Demonstrator can also mean someone who demonstrates how something works. Electrolux vacuums were sold by door-to-door salespeople who were also demonstrators––they put horrible messes down on the rug to demonstrate their vacuum's power.
WORD FAMILY
demonstrator: counterdemonstrator, demonstrators+/counterdemonstration: counterdemonstrations/counterdemonstrator: counterdemonstrators/ demonstrable: demonstrability, demonstrably/ demonstrate: demonstrable, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrative, demonstrator /demonstrated: demonstratedly/ demonstration: counterdemonstration, demonstrations/ demonstrative: demonstratively, demonstrativeness, demonstratives, undemonstrative/undemonstrative: undemonstratively
USAGE EXAMPLES
By intervening, however, the central government would risk reigniting the passions that flared in 2014 when demonstrators paralysed business districts with sit-ins for several weeks.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Five demonstrators were arrested last week in the first protests since the federal government decided against the project.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The silence of the march was punctuated by demonstrators who spoke each name aloud.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 游行示威者; 证明者，示范者; 实物说明者
分布：示威者(86%)，示范者(14%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
SHOWING 表示
■a person who explains how something works or how to do something 展示者，简报者，示范者
• There was a special stand in the shop where a demonstrator was showing how the food processor worked. 商店设立了一个专柜，由一个人在那里示范如何使用食品加工器。
UK ['dem.ən.streɪ.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
MARCH 行进
■a person who marches or stands with a group of people to show that they disagree with or support something or someone 示威者，游行者
• Police arrested several of the demonstrators. 员警逮捕了数名示威者。
n. 示威者；论证者；指示者；证明者
 - voucher, certifier

Word: asphalt
Front: asphalt
[ˈæsfælt] (托 8302/22886)
Vocabulary: asphalt
(once / 3999 pages)
nv
Asphalt is the black, tarry material that's often used to pave roads or fill in potholes. Your neighbor might decide to coat his driveway in asphalt.
Asphalt is a popular substance for paving roads, parking lots, and even airport runways, because it's sturdy and easy to repair. When old asphalt roads are torn up or repaved, the asphalt can be reused in new highway or road projects. Asphalt is usually manufactured from oil, or petroleum, but there are more ecologically friendly ways to make it, including using molasses, rice, or potato starch.
WORD FAMILY
asphalt: asphalted, asphaltic, asphalting, asphalts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Schwartz launched into action, explaining to the workers that this particular patch of asphalt was unconquerable.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Cycling over gravel – with the odd blissful stretch of asphalt – we were coated in dust and mud, suncream and Vaseline.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
And a few years ago, the restaurant was featured on Food Network’s show “Feasting on Asphalt,” hosted by Alton Brown.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 沥青，柏油; （铺路等用的）沥青混合料
vt. 铺沥青于，铺柏油于
时态：asphalted, asphalting, asphalts
分布：沥青(92%)，柏油(7%)，用沥青铺路(1%)
→来自希腊语。前缀a-，不，非。*sphaltos, 扔掉。指沥青粘。
US [-fɑ:lt] noun uncountable
■a black sticky substance mixed with small stones or sand, which forms a strong surface when it becomes hard 沥青；柏油
UK ['æs.fɔ:lt] US [-fɑ:lt] verb transitive
■to cover something, typically a roof or road, with asphalt 铺沥青于
• an asphalted road/pitch/court 沥青路／球场
n. [材] 沥青； [建] 柏油
 - bitumen, chian

Word: microscope
Front: microscope
[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp] (高研四六托宝 8309/7274 -1)
Vocabulary: microscope
(once / 1490 pages)
n
A microscope is a mechanical instrument that magnifies the image of small objects. You would use a microscope to look at something tiny, like an amoeba.
First used in the 1650s, microscope is descended from the Modern Latin microscopium, meaning "an instrument for viewing what is small." In science, microscopes are essential for examining material that can't be seen with the naked eye, like bacteria and viruses. In the same vein, you might feel like you're "under a microscope" if you're being very closely observed and scrutinized, like a star in the limelight or a politician in front of the media.
WORD FAMILY
microscope: microscopes
USAGE EXAMPLES
At her workbench, she uses a microscope while cutting and removing tiny bits of metal with a sharp blade called a graver.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The team sliced one of the tiny P. andrewsi teeth into sections and examined them in a microscope under polarized light.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
“I think a lot of it, especially at summer camp, is they’re under a microscope,” Wilson said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 显微镜
分布：显微镜(100%)
→micro-,微小的，-scope,看，词源同telescope.比喻用法。
显微镜(micro+scope看→看小东西→显微镜)[micro-表示"微,小"]
n.显微镜I hope to make copper copies of the telescope and microscope for hobby in the lobby.我希望制作望远镜和显微镜的铜质复制品.
【记】micro小，scope看：看小的东西的东西－显微镜
US [-skoʊp] noun countable
■a device that uses lenses to make very small objects look larger, so that they can be scientifically examined and studied 显微镜
• They looked at the blood samples under the microscope. 他们在显微镜下观察血液样本。
UK ['maɪ.krə.skəʊp] US [-skoʊp] noun countable
put sth under the microscope
■to examine or think about a situation very carefully 仔细检查；仔细考虑
• The investigation put the company's financial accounts under the microscope 这次调查对该公司的金融帐户进行了仔细审查。

Word: sharpen
Front: sharpen
[ˈʃɑ:pən] (高四六托 8298/7542 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 使锐利; 使敏捷; 加重; 削尖
vi. 尖锐; 变锋利
时态：sharpened, sharpening, sharpens
分布：磨快(48%)，加剧(30%)，变尖锐(11%)，使尖锐(11%)
→sharp,锋利的，-en,使。
削尖(sharp尖)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
US ['ʃɑ:r-] verb transitive
ABLE TO CUT 能切断
 ADVANCED
■to make something sharp or sharper 使变尖；使锋利
• My pencil is blunt - I'll have to sharpen it. 我的铅笔钝了——我得削一下。
• figurative The company is cutting production costs in an attempt to sharpen its competitive edge (= in order to improve how competitive it is). 这家公司正降低生产成本，以增强竞争力。
UK ['ʃɑ:.pən] US ['ʃɑ:r-] verb transitive
MAKE STRONG 加强
■to make something stronger 加强；加剧
• Recent changes have sharpened competition between the airlines. 近来的种种变化加剧了航空公司之间的竞争。
• The prison riots have sharpened the debate about how prisons should be run. 监狱暴动加剧了有关监狱该如何管理的争论。
■to improve 改善；提高
• I hope this course will help me sharpen my computer skills. 我希望这门课程能帮助我磨练电脑技能。
• I went to university to sharpen my mind. 我上大学是为了让自己的头脑更加敏锐。
• We'll need to sharpen our wits if we're going to defeat Jack's team. 要击败杰克那一队，我们需要更加聪明一些。
UK ['ʃɑ:.pən] US ['ʃɑ:r-] verb transitive
CLEAR 清楚
■to make something clearer 使清晰；使清楚
• How do you sharpen the focus on this camera? 这部相机的焦距怎么调清晰呢？
UK ['ʃɑ:.pən] US ['ʃɑ:r-] verb transitive
MUSIC 音乐
■to make something play a higher musical note 使提高音调；使提高半音
• You need to sharpen the A string on your violin. 你小提琴上的 A 弦应升半音。
UK ['ʃɑ:.pən] US ['ʃɑ:r-] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  sharpen (sth) up
■to perform better, or to improve the performance of something 改进；改善
• If the company doesn't sharpen up soon, it will go out of business. 如果这家公司不马上改进的话，就会歇业关门。
sharpen up your act
■to improve your behaviour or performance 改进…的行为（或表现）
• He really needs to sharpen up his act a bit, or he'll never get to university. 他确实需要改进自己的表现了，否则绝对上不了大学。
vt. 削尖；磨快；使敏捷；加重
 - aggravate, grind

Word: spear
Front: spear
[spɪə(r)] (高研四六宝 8310/8899 -1)
Vocabulary: spear
(once / 245 pages)
nv
A spear consists of a long shaft that has a sharp point at one end. You might use one to go spear fishing, but that's about it. Spears are no longer the weapon of choice.
Spear also refers to the action of impaling something or someone with a spear. “Odysseus blinded the Cyclops by jamming a huge spear into its eye.” In addition to the long-shafted, pointy spear that people throw, spear is the name for the sprout of a plant. In the vegetable world, separate stalks of asparagus are called spears.
WORD FAMILY
spear: speared, spearing, spears
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Cakautavatava described the old days of hunting turtles in a fiberglass boat and spearing them through the shell.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The third, a Zulu spear, and so on.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s not somber scientists who drive human ingenuity, nor the warrior class and its quest for a better spear.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 矛; 枪; （某些植物的）嫩枝; 貌，标枪
vt. 用矛刺; 用鱼叉捉; 〈美俚〉得到，捕到; 刺，戳
adj. 父系的，右边的
时态：speared, spearing, spears
分布：矛(82%)，标枪(12%)，刺穿(6%)
→来自古英语 spere,矛，标枪，来自 Proto-Germanic*speri,矛，杆，来自 sper,矛，杆，来 自 spei,尖刺，词源同 spar,spike,spire.
n.矛,枪After the rehearsal, the weary mechanic repaired the gears with shears and spear.排练完后,疲倦的机修工用剪刀和矛修理了齿轮装置.
US [spɪr] noun countable
■a weapon consisting of a pole with a sharp, usually metal, point at one end, which is either thrown or held in the hand 矛；枪；镖枪
■a thin pointed stem or leaf 嫩茎；幼芽
• asparagus spears 芦笋嫩茎
UK [spɪər] US [spɪr] verb transitive
■to push or throw a spear into an animal 用矛刺；用镖枪扎
• They catch the fish by spearing them. 他们用鱼镖刺鱼。
■to catch something on the end of a pointed tool or object （用尖利的东西）刺，戳
• He speared a meatball with his fork. 他用叉子叉起一个肉丸。
n. 矛，枪
 - pike

Word: subscription
Front: subscription
[səbˈskrɪpʃn] (六 8304/5444 -2)
Vocabulary: subscription
(once / 595 pages)
n
A subscription is an agreement conveyed with a signature. It's also buying a bunch of issues of a periodical, such as a year's subscription to "The New York Times" newspaper.
See the word script in subscription? That's a clue that this word has to do with writing. Specifically, a subscription is the act of signing something that you agree to, like a petition. You can have a subscription to a belief too. Also, when you order a magazine or newspaper's future issues, you buy a subscription. Subscriptions like this usually last one year: you pay, and the magazine agrees to send you copies until your subscription runs out.
WORD FAMILY
subscription: subscriptions+/ subscribe: subscribed, subscriber, subscribes, subscribing, subscription /subscribed: oversubscribed/subscriber: subscribers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Discovery own the rights across all platforms, including free-to-air television, subscription/pay-TV television, internet and mobile phone in all languages.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
This will be a major test of how many separate streaming subscriptions the average viewer is willing to pay for.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Founded in 1768 before publicly funded libraries existed, the "proprietary subscription library" is believed to be the oldest of its kind in the UK.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （报刊等的）订阅费; 捐款; （俱乐部的）会员费; 捐助
分布：订阅(92%)，捐款(3%)，会费(2%)，签署(2%)，同意(1%)
→subscribe,订购，订阅，-pt,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
noun countable (informal sub)
■an amount of money that you pay regularly to receive a product or service or to be a member of an organization 订阅费，订购款；服务费；（俱乐部的）会费
• UK We bought our niece an annual subscription to the tennis club. 我们为侄女交了一年网球俱乐部会费。
• I decided to take out (= pay for) a subscription to a gardening magazine. 我决定订一本园艺杂志。
(also subscription ticket)
■a season ticket for cultural events 季票（文化活动的季票）
n. 捐献；订阅；订金；签署
 - contribution, signing

Word: savor
Front: savor
['seɪvə] (托 8306/-)
Vocabulary: savor
(once / 2295 pages)
nv
Whether it’s a feeling of joy or a piece of pecan pie — when you savor something, you enjoy it to the fullest.
When you savor something, you enjoy it so much that you want to make it last forever. With that in mind, savor carries a connotation of doing something slowly. If you savor that flourless chocolate tart, then you eat it slowly, bit by bit, deliberately picking every last crumb off the plate. The word is often applied to eating, but you can savor any pleasurable experience, whether it’s the winning touchdown or your moment in the spotlight.
WORD FAMILY
savor: savored, savoring, savorless, savors+/savorless: savorlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He acknowledged savoring the fans and his teammates more than usual the past few days.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rich Little said it’s all worth it when customers close their eyes and emit little sounds of satisfaction when savoring their treats.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A typical Alan Gilbert program, this — the kind of thing to be savored before his departure from the Philharmonic.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 滋味; 气味; 食欲; 特定的味道或气味v.; 有…气味; 加调味品于; 使有风味
vi. 意味，带有…的性质
vt. 给…加调味品; 使有风味; 品尝; 欣赏
时态：savored, savoring, savors
分布：品尝(42%)，滋味(19%)，欣赏(14%)，味道(13%)，气味(7%)，调味(3%)，有 ... 的味道或风味(2%)
vt. 尽情享受；使有风味；加调味品于
 - feast on
n. 滋味；气味；食欲
 - flavor, smell, appetite, wind

Word: satisfactory
Front: satisfactory
[ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri] (研四六托 8301/3282 -2)
Vocabulary: satisfactory
(once / 191 pages)
adj
If something's satisfactory it's okay — acceptable, but maybe not great. When you take a course pass/fail, your grade will be satisfactory if you meet all the requirements and do a reasonable job, or unsatisfactory if you don't.
Try not to confuse satisfactory and satisfying. If you've cooked a satisfactory turkey for Thanksgiving, your guests aren't getting sick or making excuses to leave the table, but they're probably not asking for seconds either. But if your turkey is satisfying, everybody is complimenting you on your culinary skills and probably sitting back in their chairs with contented smiles on their faces.
WORD FAMILY
satisfactory: satisfactorily, satisfactoriness, unsatisfactory+/ dissatisfaction: dissatisfactions/dissatisfactory: dissatisfactorily/ dissatisfied: dissatisfiedly/ dissatisfy: dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfies, dissatisfying/ satisfaction: satisfactions, self-satisfaction/satisfiable: unsatisfiable/ satisfied: satisfiedest, satisfiedly, self-satisfied, unsatisfied/satisfier: satisfiers/ satisfy: dissatisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfiable, satisfied, satisfier, satisfies, satisfying/satisfying: satisfyingly, unsatisfying/unsatisfactory: unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactoriness/unsatisfiable: unsatisfiably/unsatisfying: unsatisfyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wednesday the officer remained at the hospital in satisfactory care.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
But the audit found that the MWD did a “less than satisfactory” job administrating the program due to “inadequate planning, execution, and follow-up.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
But, ultimately, only one party determines what level of discussion is satisfactory.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人满意的; 符合要求的; [神]赎罪的
分布：令人满意的(100%)
令人满意的(来自satisfaction)[sati,satis,satur=enough,fulloffood,表示"足够,饱足"]
a.令人满意的,圆满的,良好的,符合要求的That's very satisfactory.那很好.
US [ˌsætˌ.ɪ'sfæk.tɚ-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■good or good enough for a particular need or purpose 令人满意的；使人满足的；够好的
• The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory. 老师们似乎认为他的作品挺不错。
• We hope very much to find a satisfactory solution to the problem. 我们非常希望找到圆满解决这个问题的方案。
• The result of the match was highly satisfactory (= very pleasing). 比赛结果令人非常满意。
adj. 满意的；符合要求的；赎罪的
 - content, well-pleasing

Word: superpower
Front: superpower
[ˈsu:pəpaʊə(r)] (8289/12946 -2)
Vocabulary: superpower
(once / 4456 pages)
n
The noun superpower is good for talking about a very powerful country, especially one that's strong enough to influence the way other countries act.
When one country dominates the world politically, that country is called a superpower. The United States is considered to be a superpower, and throughout most of the twentieth century, so was the Soviet Union. Political scholars have their eye on China to emerge as the next superpower in the world. Officially, one step lower than a superpower is a great power, which has slightly less influence in the world.
WORD FAMILY
superpower: superpowers+/ overpower: overpowered, overpowering, overpowers/overpowering: overpoweringly/ power: overpower, powered, powerful, powering, powerless, powers, superpower /powered: unpowered/ powerful: powerfulest, powerfully, powerfulness/powerless: powerlessly, powerlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the past two decades, China transformed itself into an economic superpower through massive industrialization.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
After the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, it became fashionable to talk of the United States as the only true superpower.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Putin wants to be treated as the leader of a superpower precisely because he isn’t.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 超级大国; 超级强权; 超等的巨大力量; 超国家政治实体（指管强国的国际组织）
分布：超级大国(96%)，超能力(4%)
→super-,超级，power,力量，能量。
US [-pɚˌpaʊr] noun countable
■a country which has very great political and military power 超级大国
• Since the disintegration of the USSR, there has been only one superpower - the USA. 自从苏联解体后，世界上就只剩下一个超级大国——美国。

Word: liable
Front: liable
[ˈlaɪəbl] (研四六雅 8305/3300 -2)
Vocabulary: liable
(once / 249 pages)
adj
If you drive into someone's fence, you’ll probably be held liable — legally responsible — for fixing it. Liable can also mean “likely,” usually with something unpleasant: "If you don't brush your teeth, they're liable to fall out."
When liable refers to legal responsibility, it's used with "for": "You're liable for the court costs" (meaning you have to pay them). When liable means "likely," it's with "to": "If you build your house on that cliff, it's liable to fall into the river," or "That part of town is liable to mudslides." Don't confuse liable with libel, which is a legal term for slander, or saying something false and damaging about someone.
WORD FAMILY
liable: liability, liably+/ liability: liabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lord Penrose concluded in 2015 it was unlikely any individual or institution would be held criminally liable as a result of the scandal.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The Bible, its pages browned and frayed at their edges, seemed liable to crumble at the slightest touch.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Justice Judith French wrote that officers couldn’t be held liable unless they acted “in a wanton or reckless manner.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有责任的; 有义务的; 有…倾向的; 易…的
分布：有义务的(59%)，可能的(21%)，有 ... 倾向(10%)，应负责的(10%)
→来自拉丁语ligare,绑定，连结，词源同ligament,oblige.
a.有...倾向的;可能遭受...的;有责任的I'm liable to give reliable reply to the application for supply of apples.我有责任对申请供应苹果给予可靠答复.
adjective [after verb]
RESPONSIBLE 负责的 specialized
■having (legal) responsibility for something or someone 承担责任的；负有（法律）责任的
• The law holds parents liable if a child does not attend school. 这项法律规定孩子不上学父母要负法律责任。
• If we lose the case we may be liable for (= have to pay) the costs of the whole trial. 如果我们输掉了这场官司，就要承担官司的全部费用。
['laɪ.ə.bl] adjective [after verb]
LIKELY 可能的
■very likely to happen 很可能会发生的，可能性很大的
• The areas of town near the river are liable to flooding (= are often flooded). 这个城镇靠近河边的地区很容易遭到水淹。
• [+ to infinitive] He's liable to make a fuss if you wake him. 你如果把他吵醒了，他会大发雷霆的。
apt, subject, liable, likely, prone
这组词都有“倾向于……的；易于……的”的意思，其区别是：
apt: 口语中常用，指自然的或习惯的倾向，无特殊的褒贬意味，常指在一般情况下发生的事。
subject: 指确实可以察觉的倾向，也就是总结出来的规律。
liable: 指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒。
likely: 侧重可能性，用于指将来，预言希望或所不希望的结果。
prone: 多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。
responsible, liable
这组词都有“对某人或某事负责的”的意思，其区别是：
responsible: 指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务，或指在出差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。
liable: 着重指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚。
adj. 有责任的，有义务的；应受罚的；有…倾向的；易…的
 - responsible, bound, accountable, prone

Word: cucumber
Front: cucumber
[ˈkju:kʌmbə(r)] (研四六托雅 8294/12343 -1)
Back: n. 黄瓜，胡瓜
分布：黄瓜(100%)
→来自拉丁语cucumerem,黄瓜。
n.黄瓜The room is lumbered with numerous cucumbers.房间里乱堆着大量黄瓜.
US [-bɚ] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a long thin pale-green vegetable with dark green skin, usually eaten uncooked in salads 黄瓜
n. [园艺] 黄瓜；胡瓜
 - Chinese wampee, cuke

Word: ledge
Front: ledge
[ledʒ] (托 8316/8884 -1)
Back: n. 壁架; 暗礁; 矿脉
分布：壁架(52%)，暗礁(21%)，架状突出物(15%)，岩脊(12%)
→来自legh,放置，词源同lay,lager,插入字母d.引申词义放置的窗台，壁架。
noun countable
■a narrow shelf which sticks out from a vertical surface 壁架，横档
n. [家具] 壁架；突出之部份；暗礁；矿层
 - covers, rock

Word: crooked
Front: crooked
[ˈkrʊkɪd] (六托雅 8300/11809 -1)
Vocabulary: crooked
(once / 609 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something crooked is not straight, like a trail through the woods, or your cousin's unfortunate set of teeth.
Crook is a Middle English verb meaning "bend," which comes from the Norse for hook. So crooked means "bent out of shape or curving around sharply." A picture hanging diagonally on the wall is crooked, and so is a hunchback's spine. We also use crooked metaphorically to talk about being bent out of moral shape, so to speak. A crooked politician is dishonest and takes bribes, and crooked businessmen steal from unsuspecting clients.
WORD FAMILY
crooked: crookeder, crookedest, crookedly, crookedness+/ crook: crooked, crooking, crooks/crookedness: crookednesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said, ‘I looked her over real well and I couldn’t find anything wrong with her but one crooked tooth.’
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Wearing a pink hoodie and a crooked smile, the fortuneteller stared at the grid on my palms.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
When asked why he dressed in blackface with overalls and fake crooked teeth, he did not address the question.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 弯曲的; 不正当的; 歪扭的; 用不正当手段得来的
v. 弯成钩形(crook的过去式和过去分词)
分布：弯曲的(70%)，歪的(18%)，不老实的(6%)，动词crook的过去式和过去分词.(3%)，不正直的(3%)
adjective
BENT 弯曲的
■not forming a straight line; having many sharp bends 歪的，不直的；弯曲的
• You have to drive slowly on these crooked country roads. 在这些弯弯曲曲的乡间小路上开车得慢点。
• His front teeth are crooked. 他的门牙长得歪歪扭扭。
['krʊk.ɪd] adjective
CRIMINAL 狡诈的 informal
■dishonest 不老实的；狡诈的
• crooked police officers 不诚实的员警
adj. 弯曲的；歪的；不正当的
 - curve, winding, flexural

Word: modernity
Front: modernity
[məˈdɜ:nəti] (8291/10808)
Vocabulary: modernity
(once / 8169 pages)
n
Use the noun modernity when you're talking about the newness of something, like the modernity of the new, sleek skyscraper in your city.
When something is contemporary — it feels like it belongs in the present day — you might take note of its modernity. Sometimes people use the word to discuss something old that's becoming more modern, or attempting to find its place today. You could talk about the balance between tradition and modernity in the Hindu faith, for example. The root of modernity is the Latin word modernus, "modern."
WORD FAMILY
modernity: modernities+/ modern: modernise, modernism, modernity, modernize, modernly, modernness, moderns, nonmodern, postmodern/modernisation: modernisations/modernise: modernisation, modernised, modernises, modernising/modernised: unmodernised/ modernism: modernisms, modernist, modernistic/modernist: modernists/modernistic: modernistically/modernization: modernizations/ modernize: modernization, modernized, modernizes, modernizing/modernized: unmodernized/postmodern: postmodernism/postmodernism: postmodernist
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new nod to modernity in French laws eases the rules for people who want to divorce.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“If we cling to the concept of ‘globalisation’, we should not see it as a continuous and uninterrupted march toward an imaginary ‘global modernity’.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
THE kingdom presented its shift from the Islamic to the Gregorian calendar as a leap into modernity.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 现代性
分布：现代性(98%)，现代作风(1%)，现代性的东西(1%)
→来自modern,现代的。
US [mɑ:'dɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the condition that results from being modern 现代性；现代状态
• There is a stark contrast between tradition and modernity on the streets of the city. 在这个城市的街道上，传统与现代形成鲜明的对比。
n. 现代性；现代的东西；新式
 - stylishness

Word: impending
Front: impending
[ɪmˈpendɪŋ] (托宝 8308/9502 -1)
Vocabulary: impending
(once / 911 pages)
adj
If something is impending, it is about to happen. If you hear thunder in the distance, you might go inside to escape the impending storm.
The word impending often refers to something threatening or frightening: impending doom, impending disaster. Something that is impending hangs over you — you might say, "I was so distracted by thoughts of my impending failure in my exams, I couldn't study." A synonym is imminent.
WORD FAMILY
impending: impendingly+/ impend: impended, impending, impends
USAGE EXAMPLES
The impending mission carries huge stakes for both SpaceX and Iridium.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
When I spoke with him last week, Mr. Kiernan did not sound like a man gnashing his teeth about the impending Trump era.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Donald Trump’s candidacy supercharged that rise like nothing before it, and his impending presidency promises much more of the same.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 即将发生的，迫在眉睫的; 迫切的; 悬挂的
v. 迫近(impend的现在分词); 悬空
分布：即将发生的(52%)，迫在眉睫的(45%)，动词impend的现在分词.(3%)
→im-,进入，使，上面，-pend,悬挂，词源同pendulum,pendant.即悬挂在上面的，引申词义迫近的，逼近的。
即将发生的(im进入+pend+ing→挂进来→即将发生的)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
【记】impend（vi 即将发生）
【区】imminent指危险或不幸的事立即就要来临
【反】remote（adj 遥远的）
adjective [before noun]
■describes an event, usually something unpleasant or unwanted, that is going to happen soon （通常指不愉快或不受欢迎的事件）即将发生的，逼近的
• impending disaster/doom 即将来临的灾难／劫数
• Lineker announced his impending retirement from international football before the 1992 European Championships. 莱因克尔在1992年欧锦赛之前宣布即将退出国际足坛。
adj. 即将发生的；迫切的；悬挂的
 - pressing, stringent
v. 迫近；悬空（impend的现在分词）
 - threatening

Word: mediation
Front: mediation
[ˌmi:dɪ'eɪʃn] (8318/12941)
Vocabulary: mediation
(once / 2109 pages)
n
When too sides disagree, it's time for mediation — a process where someone uninvolved helps settle a dispute.
You often hear about mediation in the world of labor unions. If the employer and the union can't agree, they might go to mediation — they'll let some impartial third party settle the issue. The goal of mediation is to reach an agreement or a settlement. The U.S. often tries to provide mediation between countries that have problems, like India and Pakistan. Mediation is sometimes like negotiation. Both sides will be expected to compromise, or they'll never be able to move forward.
WORD FAMILY
mediation: mediations+/ intermediate: intermediated, intermediately, intermediates, intermediating, intermediation, intermediator/intermediation: intermediations/intermediator: intermediators/ mediate: intermediate, mediacy, mediated, mediately, mediateness, mediates, mediating, mediation, mediator, mediatory/ mediated: unmediated/ mediator: mediators/mediatory: mediatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was pushback and mediation following the displays of protest.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Interior Department and a nonviolence institute joined in the mediation talks.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This October, the two sides agreed to mediation to try to end their dispute.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 调停，调解，斡旋
分布：调解(72%)，仲裁(15%)，调停(13%)
调解,仲裁(mediate+ion)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
VERB
调解;调停;斡旋
If someone mediates between two groups of people, or mediates an agreement between them, they try to settle an argument between them by talking to both groups and trying to find things that they can both agree to.
例：My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom...我妈妈充当了泽尔达和她妈妈之间的调解人。
例：United Nations officials have mediated a series of peace meetings between the two sides...联合国官员已经促成了双方的一系列和平会谈。
VERB
调节;影响
If something mediates a particular process or event, it allows that process or event to happen and influences the way in which it happens.
例：...the thymus, the organ which mediates the response of the white blood cells...胸腺——调节白血球的反应的器官
例：People's responses to us have been mediated by their past experience of life.人们对我们作出的反应受到了他们过去生活经历的影响。
n. 调解；仲裁；调停
 - intervention, arbitration

Word: best-seller
Front: best-seller
[ˌbestˈselə(r)] None
Back: n. 畅销书或唱片; 畅销书作者
分布：畅销书(100%)

Word: broadcasting
Front: broadcasting
[ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:stɪŋ] (8315/4227 -3)
Back: n. （电台、电视台的）广播，播放; （电台、电视台）广播员的职业
v. 广播，播放( broadcast的现在分词); 传播，乱传（消息等）
分布：广播(97%)，广播事业(2%)，动词broadcast的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
（电台或电视台节目的）制作播出，播放
Broadcasting is the making and sending out of television and radio programmes.
例：If this happens it will change the face of religious broadcasting.如果此事发生，将改变宗教广播的面貌。
例：...the state broadcasting organisation.国家广播机构

Word: bitterness
Front: bitterness
['bɪtənəs] (六托 8320/6970)
Back: n. 苦味; 痛苦; 悲痛; 酷烈
分布：苦味(59%)，怨恨(33%)，悲痛(8%)
US ['bɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun uncountable
TASTE 味道
■an unpleasantly sharp taste 苦味
UK ['bɪt.ə.nəs] US ['bɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun uncountable
ANGER 愤怒
■a feeling of anger and unhappiness 愤怒，怨恨
• He was full of bitterness after he lost his job. 他丢了工作后，满肚子都是怨恨。
n. 苦味；苦难；怨恨
 - spite, hardship

Word: groove
Front: groove
[gru:v] (六宝 8325/7135 -2)
Vocabulary: groove
(once / 1183 pages)
nv
A groove is an indentation or rut in something — like the grooves on an old record.
Groove is rooted in an old Dutch word for "furrow" or "ditch." And that's just what a groove is: a carved out line, like wheel ruts in a muddy road or the narrow opening that a sliding door moves in. If you can't "find your groove," you feel off track and out of whack. But when you're "in the groove," everything is working smoothly and you've found a good routine. And if someone says "let's groove!", they want to dance.
WORD FAMILY
groove: grooved, groover, grooves, grooving+/groover: groovers/grooving: groovings
USAGE EXAMPLES
We’re trying to tell a story where Paterson’s physical life is a well-worn groove.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And a groove that dissolves and hardens again.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The French duo Justice, whose 2011 album “Audio, Video, Disco” explored bombastic progressive rock territory, returned to futuristic funk grooves for their latest album, “Woman.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 沟，槽; [俚语]常规，老套：确定的规范; [俚语]理想状况; [俚语]非常愉快的经历
vt. 刻沟，刻槽
vi. 极其快乐，极其满意，过得快活; 受愉快的刺激影响; 投合，契合
时态：grooved, grooving, grooves
分布：槽(89%)，纹(7%)，习惯(2%)，开槽(1%)，使 ... 快活(1%)
→词源同carve, grave.
【区】grove（n 小树丛）grow five长了5棵树－小树丛至于groove，不好记，只能把中间的两个O想象成唱片的凹线。
noun countable
■a long narrow hollow space cut into a surface 沟；槽；辙；纹
• The window slides along a deep metal groove to open and close. 窗户沿着一条深深的金属槽滑动打开或关上。
[gru:v] noun countable
be in the groove informal
■to be operating or performing successfully 性能出色；表现理想；进行得很成功
• Alex Popov proved he was back in the groove by winning the 100 metres freestyle. 亚历克斯‧波波夫赢得了100米自由泳比赛，这证明他又回到了以前的良好竞技状态。
[gru:v] noun countable
be stuck in a groove
■to be bored because you are doing the same things that you have done for a long time 感到单调乏味；墨守成规
• We never do anything exciting any more - we seem to be stuck in a groove. 我们做的事情不再让人感到有意思了——我们似乎太墨守成规了。
n. [建] 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例
 - tradition, usage, convention, best
vt. 开槽于
 - slot

Word: relay
Front: relay
[ˈri:leɪ] (高研六托雅 8326/11282 -2)
Vocabulary: relay
(once / 939 pages)
1nv 2nv
If you relay something, you pass it to another person. When you relay the information that your pet monkey is known to attack people to your neighbors, you should bring a basket of muffins.
Relay comes from the French relayer, which means "to change hounds on a hunt." It still has that sense of something passed in motion. You might run a relay race — each team member carries a baton part-way, then passes it on. We relay news, as when you take a message from Sally and relay it to Harry. A fresh work crew is a relay, and so is an electrical switch that can turn a second circuit on.
WORD FAMILY
relay: relayed, relaying, relays
USAGE EXAMPLES
No, it was a story which appeared to grow wilder somewhere along the relay chain of information from local media to international news.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
I relayed the details to my best friend, who was sympathetic.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Her phone rang with calls from relatives from her village, but she couldn’t bring herself to relay the news.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 接替人员，替班; 传递; 接力赛; 继电器
vt. 转播，传达; 用驿马递送，使接替; 分程传递
时态：relayed, relaying, relays
分布：继电器(32%)，接力(26%)，中继(18%)，接力赛(12%)，转播(6%)，接替(3%)，转达(2%)，替班(1%)
→来自中古法语 relai,留下供接替的狗或其它动物，来自中法语 relaier,留下，供替换的动物， 来自 re-,向后，laier,留下，词源同 delay,可能来自拉丁语 laxare,松开，词源同 lax,relax.原指 过去打猎时在中转站放置的供接替疲劳猎狗的备用狗，或驿站供接替的马。后引申诸多词义。 由于词义与 lay 接近，拼写受到 lay 影响。
v.中继,转播,接力n.接替人员,替班Lay a layer of clay on the displayed layout before the relay race.接力赛之前在展示的陈设上铺一层黏土.
verb transitive /ˌrɪˈleɪ/ /ˈriː.leɪ/ to repeat something you have heard, or to broadcast a signal, message or programme on television or radio 传达，转发；播放；转播
• I was told the news first and then I relayed it to the others. 我是第一个被告知这消息的人，接着我又转告了其他人。
• TV pictures of the war were relayed around the world by satellite. 有关战争的电视新闻图片透过卫星在全世界进行了转播。
noun countable /ˈriː.leɪ/
TEAM 组
■a group of people who continue an activity that others from the same team or organization have been doing previously 接替的一组人；轮换的一队人
• Relays of workers kept the machines going through the night. 工人们轮班工作，机器彻夜运转。
• After the landslide, volunteers worked in relays to rescue people buried under the rubble. 山泥倾泻发生后，志愿者们轮班上阵解救被碎石埋困的人。
■(also relay race)
■a running or swimming race between two or more teams in which each person in the team runs or swims part of the race （跑步或游泳的）接力赛
noun countable /ˈriː.leɪ/
EQUIPMENT 设备
■a device that reacts to a small change in an electrical current by moving switches or other devices in an electrical circuit 中继设备
vi. 转播；接替
 - take sth over
n. [电] 继电器；接替，接替人员；驿马
 - realy, supersedure
vt. 转播；使接替；分程传递
 - retransmit

Word: chimney
Front: chimney
[ˈtʃɪmni] (高研四六 8321/5724 -1)
Vocabulary: chimney
(once / 400 pages)
n
A chimney is the long, vertical, tunnel-like opening above a fireplace that provides a safe pathway for smoke — and the occasional Santa. It is also the name of the curvy glass flue in a hurricane lamp.
Ever since the use of fire indoors, it has been important to build a chimney to allow the smoke to escape. The word chimney comes ultimately from the Greek kaminos, "furnace," and in 13th-century Old French it became the more familiar looking cheminee, "fire place." As chimney fires became a serious problem, the chimney sweep became an important person, cleaning the soot from chimneys. Oh, and dancing on the rooftops. (Or not.)
WORD FAMILY
chimney: chimneys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Town Hall structure recreated the building’s swimming pool - complete with gingerbread swimmers - and also featured a chocolate-topped clock and, cinnamon candy chimneys.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Chimney Rock National Monument in Colorado, designated in 2012, is another example.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The first one begins at 12:01 a.m. at Chimney Rock.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 烟囱; 玻璃灯罩; 烟囱状东西; 壁炉
分布：烟囱(100%)
→来自拉丁短语camera caminata. camera室，同chamber. caminus, 拉丁词，炉灶，冶铁炉。
n.烟囱In the chimney the donkey and monkey found the key to the money monitor.猴和驴在烟囱里找到了货币监视器的钥匙.
noun countable
PIPE 管道
 ADVANCED
■a hollow structure that allows the smoke from a fire inside a building to escape to the air outside 烟囱；烟道
• Factory chimneys belched dense white smoke into the sky. 工厂的烟囱向空中喷出浓浓的白烟。
['tʃɪm.ni] noun countable
PASSAGE 通道 specialized
■a narrow vertical passage in the rock of a cliff or mountain, through which a person can climb （可容一人攀登的）岩石狭缝，一线天
n. [建] 烟囱
 - smoke stack, lum

Word: lantern
Front: lantern
[ˈlæntən] (高研四六 8338/10101 -1)
Vocabulary: lantern
(once / 346 pages)
n
A lantern is an old-fashioned hand-held light, like the kind you might go looking for ghosts with. There are also modern ones — a lantern is any hand-held light with a see-through case. No ghosts necessary.
Some lanterns have an actual flame inside, but others are battery operated, like flashlights, but lanterns usually provide more light. There are also paper lanterns, which are fun for parties, and if you use a pumpkin you have yourself a jack o’ lantern. Lantern comes from the Latin lanterna, "lantern, lamp, or torch," and shares the Greek root lampein, "to shine," with the English word lamp.
WORD FAMILY
lantern: lanterns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Do you fancy a pyramid of raw salmon served in a lantern?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In the village of Decatur, Nebraska, a dozen people put up money when the Green Lantern Steakhouse burned down.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas produced when fuel is burned for cars, stoves, lanterns, fireplaces, furnaces, grills, and generators.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 灯笼; 灯塔; 灯罩; 灯饰
分布：灯笼(98%)，屋顶气窗(2%)
→来自希腊语lampter,火炬，词源同lamp,字母m,n音变。后用来指灯笼。
n.灯,灯笼There is a red lantern on the door.门上挂着一盏红灯笼.
US [-tɚn] noun countable
■a light inside a container which has a handle for holding it or hanging it up, or the container itself 灯笼；提灯
n. 灯笼；提灯；灯笼式天窗
 - scaldfish

Word: packed
Front: packed
[pækt] (托宝 8324/7564 -2)
Back: adj. 充满…的; 塞满了…的
v. 包装(pack的过去式和过去分词)
分布：塞满的(40%)，动词pack的过去式和过去分词.(20%)，紧压的(20%)，收拾好行李的(20%)
adjective
FILL 充满
■completely full 挤满的，拥挤的
• The train was so packed that I couldn't find a seat. 火车里挤满了人，我一个座位也找不到。
• This book is packed with useful information. 这本书里满满都是有用的资料。
packed out
■very full of people 挤满了人
• The bar was packed out last night. 昨晚酒吧里挤满了人。
[pækt] adjective
LUGGAGE 行李
be packed
■to have put your things into a bag or box, etc 收拾好行李了，整装待发的
• Are you packed yet? 你收拾好行李了吗？
• I'm all packed and ready to go. 我全部收拾妥当，准备出发。
adj. （常用来构成复合词）充满…的，塞满了…的
 - steeped, fraught

Word: blind
Front: blind
[blaɪnd] (中高研四六雅 2716/2926 -K3)
Vocabulary: blind
(once / 81 pages)
1adjvn 2adj 3n
Someone who's blind can't see. People who are blind can often get around easily with the aid of a cane and sometimes a service dog.
You might get hit by a baseball and end up blind in one eye, or be temporarily blind after a trip to the eye doctor. The word also means "without looking," as in a blind taste test of three different brands of chocolate milk. A figurative way to be blind is to refuse or be unable to see the truth: "He was blind to the reality of the situation." This tendency can be called a person's "blind side."
WORD FAMILY
blind: blinded, blinder, blindest, blinding, blindingly, blindly, blindness, blinds+/blinder: blinders/ blinding: blindingest/blindness: blindnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
"They should be starting with the outcome that they want and working backwards. Right now they are literally just kind of flying blind."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s been building up for years, and now the contrasts in America are so glaring as to be blinding.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“New Year’s morning in Beijing, I thought I was blind,” said another, attaching a photo of a window completely darkened with grey haze.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 失明的; 盲目的，轻率的; 供盲人用的; 隐蔽的
vt. 弄瞎，使失明; 蒙蔽，欺瞒; 使变暗; 使昏聩
n. 掩饰; 借口; 百叶窗
adv. 盲目地; 看不见地
时态：blinded, blinding, blinds
分布：盲目的(39%)，百叶窗(18%)，瞎的(13%)，盲目地(11%)，隐藏(10%)，使失明(7%)，未察觉的(1%)，幌子(1%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光。指闪光，炫目，使看不见的。瞎是词义发展的结果。词源同blend.
a.盲的,瞎的;盲目的vt.使失明n.百叶窗At the windy window, the widow finds a blind snake winding.在当风的窗口,寡妇发现有条瞎眼蛇在游动.
adjective
SIGHT 视力
 ESSENTIAL
■unable to see 瞎的，盲的，失明的
• She's been blind since birth. 她天生失明。
• He started to go (= become) blind in his sixties. 他在60多岁时失明了。
[blaɪnd] adjective
NOT CONSCIOUS 盲目
■describes an extreme feeling that happens without thought or reason 盲目的
• blind anger/faith/prejudice 无名怒火／盲目信任／盲目的偏见
• He was blind with fury (= so angry that he could not behave reasonably). 他暴跳如雷，丧失了理智。
be blind to sth
■to not be conscious of something or to refuse to notice something that is obvious to others 没有注意到…；对…视而不见
• She seems blind to his faults. 她似乎对他的缺点视而不见。
[blaɪnd] adjective
(as) blind as a bat informal humorous
■unable to see well 视力不佳
• I'm as blind as a bat without my glasses. 不戴眼镜我就看不清。
[blaɪnd] adjective
not take a blind bit of notice UK informal
■not to pay any attention 一点儿也不注意
• He didn't take a blind bit of notice of what I said. 他对我说的话毫不在意。
[blaɪnd] verb transitive
DAMAGE SIGHT 失明
■to make someone unable to see, permanently or for a short time 使变瞎；使失明
• She was blinded in an accident at an early age. 她早年在一次事故中失明了。
• Turning the corner the sun blinded me, so I didn't see the other car. 转弯时阳光太刺眼，所以我没有看见另外那辆车。
[blaɪnd] verb transitive
NOT CONSCIOUS 盲目
■to make someone unable to notice or understand something 蒙蔽；使无辨别力
• We mustn't let our prejudices blind us to the facts of the situation. 我们一定不能让偏见蒙蔽自己而看不清实际形势。
[blaɪnd] verb transitive
blind sb with science UK
■to confuse someone by using difficult or technical words to describe something 用专业术语唬（某人）
[blaɪnd] noun
WINDOW 窗户
countable (US shade)
■a cover for a window made of a single piece or strips of cloth, paper or plastic that is pulled up or down by a string 百叶窗；窗帘
• a roller blind 卷帘
• a Venetian blind 软百叶窗
[blaɪnd] noun
SIGHT 视力
the blind
[plural]
■people who are unable to see 盲人
• She trains guide dogs for the blind. 她为盲人训练导盲犬。
[blaɪnd] noun
the blind leading the blind
■used to describe a situation where a person who knows nothing is getting advice and help from another person who knows almost nothing 盲人教瞎子；外行指导外行
[blaɪnd] noun
In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. UK saying
■said about a difficult situation in which someone with only a few skills is in a better position than those people who have none 在困难的环境里，身怀一技之人的处境比一无所长的人好
adj. [生物] 盲目的；瞎的
 - eyeless, visionless
adv. 盲目地；看不见地
 - invisibly
n. 掩饰，借口； [建] 百叶窗
 - excuse, mask

Word: overtime
Front: overtime
[ˈəʊvətaɪm] (研四六托 8317/9766 -1)
Vocabulary: overtime
(once / 1638 pages)
nadv
Overtime is the amount of time you work beyond your regular hours. If your boss asks you to work over 40 hours one week, that's overtime and you should demand extra pay.
You can use this word as a noun or an adjective, as in overtime pay or overtime hours. At some workplaces, working overtime earns you more than the normal hourly salary. In other cases, full time employees are expected to work overtime without any extra pay. In sports, overtime is when play goes longer than the usual time — more than nine innings in a baseball game, or more than a twenty-minute half in basketball, for example.
WORD FAMILY
overtime: overtimes+/mistime: mistimed, mistimes, mistiming/ time: mistime, overtime, timed, timeless, timely, timer, times, timing/timed: ill-timed, timedly/ timeless: timelessly, timelessness/ timely: timelier, timeliest, timelily, timeliness, untimely /timer: timers/times: timeses/timing: timings/ untimely: untimeliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vikings held on for an overtime win against Langley Wednesday at the Governor’s Challenge, to rebound from last Tuesday’s 66-53 loss to McDonogh.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Indians held a lead for all but the last minute of regulation, according to Walker, and lost their edge in the overtime period.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A Preston Parks 3 for the Bulldogs tied the game at 91 with 1:14 left and forced the overtime period.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 超出的时间，额外的时间; 加班; 加时赛; 加班费
adv. 超时地; 加班地
v. 使历时过久; 使（曝光等）超过时间
分布：名词(99%)，副词(1%)
→over-,超过，time,时间。即超时，引申词义加时，加时赛。
a.超时的,加班的ad.加班Primarily, the prime criminal's crime has nothing to do with lime and overtime.首犯的犯罪基本上与石灰和加班无关.
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adverb noun uncountable
■(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job 加班，加班时间；加班加点地
• They're doing/working overtime to get the job finished on time. 他们加班以准时完成这项工作。
• Everyone is on overtime (= being paid extra for working after the usual time) this weekend. 这个周末大家都有加班费。
US for * extra time
UK ['əʊ.və.taɪm] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun uncountable
■extra payment for working after the usual time 加班费
• You can earn some overtime by working after 6.00 p.m. 你可以工作到六点以后，赚点加班费。
n. [劳经] 加班时间；延长时间
 - extension of time

Word: dorm
Front: dorm
[dɔ:m] (研四六 8314/35169)
Vocabulary: dorm
(once / 9704 pages)
n
A dorm — short for dormitory — is a place where college or university students live. You'll find a lot of bunk beds in most dorms.
If you go away to college, you’ll probably live in a dormitory — or dorm. It's much more common for students to say dorm because it's shorter and slangier. A dorm is where students live, often with roommates. Dorms have laundry rooms and rec rooms, and it's a place where many friendships are made. Students often study or try to avoid studying in the dorm. It's their home away from home. Dorms are also called residence halls and student residences.
WORD FAMILY
dorm: dorms
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a year at cozy Williams, the empty dorm felt cavernous and overwhelming to the Robinson family.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Accommodation ranges from dorm rooms to self-contained air-conditioned bungalows , high up in the jungle hills.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Children from other regions of Argentina who lived at the dorms were especially vulnerable and often targeted by the abusers.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 宿舍
分布：名词(100%)
n.(dormitory)[美][口]宿舍
N-COUNT
同 dormitory
A dorm is the same as a dormitory .
n. 宿舍（等于dormitory）
 - lodging house, lodging quarters

Word: aroma
Front: aroma
[əˈrəʊmə] (托宝 8323/10441 -1)
Vocabulary: aroma
(once / 1438 pages)
n
Aroma is the word for a fragrant scent, one that pleases the nose in a way that makes you lick your lips. Unlike its foul-smelling cousin the odor, an aroma smells but never stinks.
Want to know what aromas smell like? Brew a fresh pot of coffee, grill some onions, and fry up a few strips of bacon. Aromas make you drool. You can also use the word to describe things that don't literally smell, yet somehow seem to linger smell-like in the air, like the oppressive aroma of a brutal dictatorship.
WORD FAMILY
aroma: aromas, aromatic, aromatise, aromatize+/ aromatic: aromatically, non-aromatic/aromatise: aromatised/aromatize: aromatized, aromatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each pop along the way helps enhance the drink’s aroma.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Jones also called for, “a good exhaust system,” adding that “not all food aromas are pleasant ones.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The aroma device is now a key part of Mr Pfaudler's thinking too.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 芳香，香味; 气派，风格
分布：香气(96%)，浓香(4%)
→来自拉丁语。
芳香[arom=apice(香料)]
【记】读：我肉麻。提问：如果你碰到这样的女人－黄头发，绿眼睛，紫嘴唇，8个耳环，网式露脐装，黑皮超短裙，长筒靴，再加上一身浓浓的香水味儿，你什么感觉？回答：我肉麻。A roma：一种罗马女人的芳香！
US [-'roʊ-] noun countable
■a strong pleasant smell, usually from food or drink （通常指食物、饮料的）香味，香气，芳香
• the aroma of freshly baked bread 刚出炉的面包的香味
• a wine with a light fruity aroma 散发着淡淡果香的酒
n. [食品] 芳香
 - sweet, balminess

Word: ye
Front: ye
[ji:] (8332/18199 -1)
Back: n. Yemen 也门
pron. 你们
art. the的古式
分布：名词(94%)，动词(6%)
→来自yu,二人称复数，词源同you,大部分情况下已被you取代。
[ji:] old use
pronoun
■a word meaning 'you', used when talking to more than one person 你们，汝等
• Ye cannot serve God and mammon. 汝等不能既侍奉神，又侍奉玛门。
[ji:] old use
determiner
■a word meaning 'the', used especially in the names of pubs to make them seem old （相当于 the，尤用于酒吧名中，以示历史悠久）
• a pub in the village called Ye Olde Barn 村子中一家名为“老谷仓”的酒吧
[ji:] old use
determiner
ye Gods old-fashioned or humorous
■used to show surprise （用于表示惊讶）天啊，哎呀
• Ye Gods man, what are you doing! 哎呀伙计，你在做甚么！

Word: heroine
Front: heroine
[ˈherəʊɪn] (高研四六雅 8342/8840 -2)
Vocabulary: heroine
(once / 613 pages)
n
A heroine is a real-life or fictional woman who has lots of courage and fights on the side of good, maybe by rescuing a kitten from a tree, slaying an evil dragon, or helping you with your science fair project.
In books and movies, the heroine is the woman who is the main character, and in comic books and fantasy novels, heroines often have superpowers that help them accomplish incredible feats. There are heroines in regular life too, like women’s rights activists who fight against sexism, or a brave mother who rescues her child from a burning building. Heroine sounds the same as the addictive drug heroin, but a heroine will save your life, while heroin will probably end it.
WORD FAMILY
heroine: heroines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few movies showcased heroines who showed more guts and ingenuity than many of the men around her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She was the 1.0 of feminist movie heroines in “Star Wars.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A day after the death of Star Wars heroine Fisher, her mother, Singin' in the Rain star, Reynolds, also died.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 女主角; 女英雄; 女杰出人物
分布：女主角(58%)，女英雄(42%)
→来自拉丁语heroina,女英雄，hero,英雄，-ina,表阴性。
女英雄(hero英雄+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
n.女英雄;女主角He is regarded as a national heroine.他被看作是民族英雄.
N-COUNT
（书、戏剧、电影或故事中品行端正的）女主角，女主人公
The heroine of a book, play, film, or story is the main female character, who usually has good qualities.
例：The heroine is a senior TV executive.女主角是一名电视台的高级主管。
N-COUNT
女英雄;女杰;女豪杰
A heroine is a woman who has done something brave, new, or good, and who is therefore greatly admired by a lot of people.
例：The national heroine of the day was Xing Fen, winner of the first Gold medal of the Games.现今的民族英雄是在该运动会上获得首枚金牌的邢芬。
N-COUNT
（女）偶像;心目中的女英雄
If you describe a woman as your heroine, you mean that you admire her greatly, usually because of a particular quality or skill that she has.
例：My heroine was Elizabeth Taylor.我心目中的偶像是伊丽莎白·泰勒。

Word: jog
Front: jog
[dʒɒg] (高研六托雅宝 8335/8826 -1)
Vocabulary: jog
(once / 1445 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n 4v
When you jog, you run at a moderate pace, usually to get exercise. If you jog down the street, you'll pass people who are walking and be passed by people who are sprinting.
Jog can be a verb, or a noun meaning a slow-paced run: "She moved at a lazy jog around the track, in no hurry to improve her time." A jog is slower than a flat-out run. Yet another way to use the word is to mean "nudge one's memory." A courtroom attorney might hold up a piece of evidence in front of a witness and say, "Perhaps this will jog your memory."
WORD FAMILY
jog: jogged, jogger, jogging, jogs+/jogger: joggers/jogging: joggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A slow walk is about two MET, bicycling four MET, and jogging seven MET.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And then, over time, it will become automatic to lace up your jogging shoes each morning.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
At one point, Harriott was walking alongside the stadium fence when a Booker T. player jogged over and taunted him: “You’re next.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 慢跑; 轻推，轻撞; 蹒跚行进; 使颠簸
vt. 慢跑; 轻推; 蹒跚行进; 使颠簸
n. 轻推，轻摇; 慢跑; （线，面上的）参差不齐; 突然的转向
时态：jogged, jogging, jogs
分布：慢跑(82%)，轻推(15%)，颠簸(3%)
→词源不详，可能是改自中古英语shoggen,摇动，摇晃，词源同shock.后引申词义上下摇动，摇摆，遛马，人的慢跑。
v.慢跑I jog five miles every day in the morning.我每天早上慢跑五英里.
【记】读：周哥＝周润发大哥，他爱好慢跑！
US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
RUN 跑
   intransitive
■to run at a slow regular speed, especially as a form of exercise 慢跑（尤指作为健身锻炼的方式）
• "What do you do to keep fit?" "I jog and go swimming." “你是怎样保持健康的？”“慢跑和游泳。”
• He was walking at a very quick pace and I had to jog to keep up with him. 他走得很快，我要慢跑才能跟上他。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
PUSH 推
   transitive
■to push or knock someone or something slightly, especially with your arm （尤指用胳膊）轻推，轻碰，轻撞
• A man rushed past and jogged her elbow , making her drop the bag. 一名男子匆匆走过，撞到她的手肘，使她的皮包掉到地上。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
MOVE FORWARD 前进
   intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move forward slowly and shakily 蹒跚前行
• The horse and cart jogged down the rough track towards the farm. 马车在崎岖的路上颠簸着驶向农场。
• We were getting more and more uncomfortable as we jogged along in the back of the truck. 卡车一路颠簸前行，坐在后面的我们越来越感到不舒服。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
jog sb's memory
■to make someone remember something 唤起（某人的）记忆，提醒（某人）
• The police showed him a photo to try to jog his memory about what had happened on the night of the robbery. 警方给他看了一张照片，想让他记起抢劫的当晚发生了甚么事情。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  jog along informal
■If something, such as your work, jogs along, it moves on at a slow but regular speed 缓慢平稳地进行
• "How's your research going?" "Oh, it's jogging along." “你的研究怎么样了？”“哦，正在缓慢进展中。”
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
noun only singular
■a run that you do at a slow regular speed, especially as a form of exercise 慢跑（尤指作为健身锻炼的方式）
• I haven't done much exercise all week, so I think I'll go for a jog this morning. 我一周都没运动，所以今早我想去慢跑。
trot, jog, run, race
这组词都有“跑”的意思，其区别是：
trot: 强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。
jog: 指从容不迫地慢跑。
run: 最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。
race: 多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。
vt. 慢跑；轻推；蹒跚行进；使颠簸
 - surge
vi. 慢跑；轻推；蹒跚行进；颠簸着移动
 - canter
n. 慢跑；轻推，轻撞
 - dogging, trot

Word: weekday
Front: weekday
[ˈwi:kdeɪ] (中高研四六 8312/11361 -1)
Back: n. 平日，普通日; 工作日
分布：工作日(100%)
n.平常日,工作日We go to school on weekdays.我们平时天天上学.
noun countable
■any day of the week except Sunday and usually Saturday 工作日
• On weekdays I'm usually in bed by ten o'clock. 工作日期间我通常十时前上床睡觉。
n. 平日，工作日
 - working days, werktag

Word: occupant
Front: occupant
[ˈɒkjəpənt] (托 8319/6400 -1)
Vocabulary: occupant
(once / 623 pages)
n
An occupant is someone who lives or stays at a place for awhile. A lot of your junk mail is addressed "To occupant" because the sender doesn't know who lives at your address.
Being an occupant means you're occupying a place. This has nothing to do with owning a house or renting an apartment; if you live there, you're an occupant. There are other occupants too, as in politics. The President is often called "the current occupant of the White House," who replaced the former occupant. That kind of occupant has as much to do with politics as living space.
WORD FAMILY
occupant: occupants+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two occupants in the first house who were sleeping at the time were awakened by the loud crash, but weren’t hurt.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say the vehicle became nearly completely submerged and two occupants were trapped.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
State officials declined to release the name of the pilot, or say how many occupants the plane was carrying at the time of its disappearance.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 占有人; 居住者
分布：居住者(61%)，占有者(21%)，占领者(18%)
→来自occupy,占用，占据，居住。
占有者[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
US ['ɑ:.kjə-] formal
noun countable
■a person who lives or works in a room or building 居住者
• The previous occupants were an Italian family. 先前的居住者是一家义大利人。
■a person who is in a car, room, seat, place or position 占有人；占用者
• One of the occupants of the car was slightly injured. 有一位乘车者受了轻伤。
n. 居住者； [法] 占有者
 - dweller, inhabitant

Word: curved
Front: curved
[kɜ:vd] (8329/6538 -K1)
Back: adj. 弧形的，曲线的
v. （使）弯成弧形( curve的过去式和过去分词)
分布：弯曲的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
呈弯曲状的;弧形的;曲线形的
A curved object has the shape of a curve or has a smoothly bending surface.
例：...a small, curved staircase.一小段弧形楼梯
例：...the curved lines of the chairs.椅子的弧形线条
adj. 弯曲的；弄弯的
 - winding, flexural, crooked

Word: thwart
Front: thwart
[θwɔ:t] (托宝 8327/9556 -1)
Vocabulary: thwart
(once / 769 pages)
1v 2n
A villain's worst nightmare is the superhero who always seems to thwart his efforts, preventing him from carrying out his plans to take over the world.
Thwart is a word you'll hear in a lot of action movies, and usually it's the hero who is trying to thwart the evil plan of some super-villain. Yet even mere mortals can be thwarted in their efforts; the word simply means to prevent someone from carrying out his or her plans. An aggressive driver can thwart your attempt to snag a parking space at a crowded mall by pulling into the space before you. An aggressive shopper at that same mall can thwart your efforts to buy the last Dancing Snoopy doll by grabbing it off the shelf first.
WORD FAMILY
thwart: thwarted, thwarter, thwarting, thwarts+/ thwarted: thwartedly/thwarter: thwarters/thwarting: thwartings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’d like to see a beefed-up air and naval presence in the Persian Gulf to thwart Iran.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In their thwarted agenda, financial regulations were to be unspooled.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Finding a way to thwart these mechanisms is the goal scientists are striving for.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 阻挠; 使受挫折; 挫败; <旧>横过
n. <船>横座板，划手座，独木舟的横梁
adj. 横放的，横着的，穿过的; <旧>执拗的，固执的
adv. <古>横跨着，横过
prep. <古>横跨，横过
时态：thwarted, thwarting, thwarts
分布：阻碍(46%)，反对(24%)，横过(20%)，横向的(5%)，座板(5%)
→原义为副词，来自古诺斯语 thvert,穿过，横过，来自 Proto-Germanic*thwerh,扭转的，交叉的， 置换自 terkw,扭动，转动，来自 ter,*tere,弯，转，穿过，词源同 turn,through,trans-. 后引申动词词义相反，阻止，阻挠等。
【记】th死，war，t：他要死在战场上了，赶快阻挠。
【反】facilitate（v 使便利）；abet（v 教唆；支持）；support（v 支撑）；aid（v 资助；帮助）；foment（v 煽动）；foster（v 养育；鼓励）；bolster（n 垫子；v 支持）
US [θwɔ:rt] verb transitive
■to stop something from happening or someone from doing something 反对；阻挠；挫败
• My holiday plans have been thwarted by the strike. 因为罢工，我的渡假计划泡汤了。
vt. 挫败；反对；阻碍；横过
 - defeat, combat, slow
adj. 横放的；固执的
 - fixed, persistent, set
adv. 横过
 - across

Word: awfully
Front: awfully
[ˈɔ:fli] (四 8336/10415 -K1)
Vocabulary: awfully
(once / 502 pages)
1adv 2adv
Use the adverb awfully to emphasize something, or to mean "very." You might say that you'd love to live in New York City, but it's awfully expensive.
The word awfully is most often used for emphasis, as a way to say "extremely," "immensely," or "highly." Your newborn nephew might be awfully cute, or your surprise birthday party might be awfully fun. You can also use the word to mean "dreadfully" or "terribly," as in "My team played just awfully, so I wasn't surprised when they lost the game." The original meaning was "inspiring awe" or "inspiring reverence."
WORD FAMILY
awfully: awfullys+/ awful: awfuler, awfulest, awfully, awfulness, awfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the mall, with its awfully affordable S. Klein Department store, a two-screen movie theater and a pizza parlor, was a hit.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Some day, when I’m awfully low,” Sinatra crooned as “The Way You Look Tonight” began.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Something is awfully perverse with a system in which a candidate who loses the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes gets to become president.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 非常; 极其; 令人畏惧地; 恶劣地
分布：非常地(60%)，令人嫌恶地(20%)，极端地(20%)
US ['ɑ:-] adverb
BADLY 糟糕的
 IMPROVER
■extremely badly 极坏的；恶劣的
• England played awfully throughout the game. 英格兰队整场比赛踢得一塌糊涂。
UK ['ɔ:.fəl.i] US ['ɑ:-] adverb
GREATLY 非常大（地） (US informal also awful)
■very or extremely, when used before an adjective or adverb 非常；极其；十分
• It's an awfully long time since we last saw each other. 我们很久没有见面了。
• I'm awfully sorry, but we've forgotten to reserve you a table. 实在抱歉，我们忘记为您预订餐桌了。
adv. 可怕地；十分；非常；很
 - badly, extremely, greatly, quite, highly, too

Word: cruelty
Front: cruelty
[ˈkru:əlti] (六 8337/6522)
Vocabulary: cruelty
(once / 300 pages)
n
Cruelty is a characteristic of deliberately causing someone pain. Years of cruelty by their leaders can cause citizens to rise up together and revolt.
Keeping a dog tied up outside all day and all night is animal cruelty, while kids' endless bullying of a classmate is another kind of cruelty. In both examples, people act in a coldhearted way that causes another being to feel terrible. The Latin root of cruelty is crudelis, "rude, unfeeling, or hard-hearted," which is related to crudus, "rough, raw, or bloody," the root of crude.
WORD FAMILY
cruelty: cruelties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This needs to be repeated since one of the human ways of talking oneself into inhuman acts is to cite the supposed cruelty of nature.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To Clark, the cruelty only reinforced her ideas about the oppressive system.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
State prosecutors put them all in foster care and arrested the parents on charges of cruelty to juveniles and second-degree murder.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 残忍; 残忍的行为; 残酷行为; 虐待
分布：残酷(67%)，虐待(27%)，残酷的行为(6%)
残酷(cruel残酷的)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
【记】cruel（adj 残酷的；悲惨的；使痛苦的）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■cruel behaviour or a cruel action 残忍，残酷；残酷行为；虐待
• The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals. 农场主人被指控虐待动物。
n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为
 - fellness, rigorousness

Word: plateau
Front: plateau
[ˈplætəʊ] (研六托雅宝 8339/8761 -1)
Vocabulary: plateau
(once / 750 pages)
n
A plateau is a high, flat area of land. The word has also been stretched to include a leveling off of progress. At first the children at the sleepover were running wild, but then their energy level reached a plateau.
You can see the word plate inside plateau. Think flat like a plate, or think about mountains that look like tables you could set with plates–-so flat the plates won't fall off. If you're a French speaker, this will be easier, as plateau derives from the French plat, "level."
WORD FAMILY
plateau: plateaus, plateaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this plateau is a very good start.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“No ligament damage. On the MRI there were two lit up spots that was the bone bruise on the tibial plateau.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
On Sunday, Manning completed his 4,000th career pass, becoming one of only seven NFL quarterbacks to reach that plateau.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 高原; 平稳时期，稳定水平; 停滞期
v. 进入停滞期; 达到平稳状态
分布：高原(97%)，稳定状态(1%)，平稳(1%)，到达平稳阶段(1%)
→来自法语plateau,高原，平地，来自plat,平的，展开，词源同plate,plan.-eau,小词后缀，对应-ille.引申词义水平，稳定期，停滞期等。
平顶;高原(plat+eau表名词→平坦地)[plat=flat,表示"平坦"]
n.高原,平稳状态[时期]The inflated balloon indicates a latent inflation on the plateau.膨胀的气球对高原指示潜在的通货膨胀.
【记】plat平；eau高一又高又平的高原
【参】platform（n 站台）
【反】slope（n 斜坡）
US [plæt'oʊ] noun countable (UK plural plateaux or US ALSO plateaus)
FLAT LAND 平地
■a large flat area of land that is high above sea level 高原
UK ['plæt.əʊ] US [plæt'oʊ] noun countable (UK plural plateaux or US ALSO plateaus)
NO CHANGE 没有变化
■a period during which there are no large changes 平稳期；停滞期
• The US death rate reached a plateau in the 1960s, before declining suddenly. 美国的死亡率在20世纪60年代进入平稳阶段后突然下降。
UK ['plæt.əʊ] US [plæt'oʊ] verb intransitive
■to reach a particular level and then stay the same 稳定；停滞
• I'd been losing about a pound a week on my diet, but recently I've plateaued and haven't lost an ounce. 我藉节食减肥，体重每周减轻一磅左右，但最近体重稳定下来，一磅也没少。
• The economic slowdown has caused our sales to plateau. 经济发展减缓，导致我们的产品销量停滞不前。
n. [地理] 高原；稳定水平；托盘；平顶女帽
 - altiplano, high land
vi. 达到平衡；达到稳定时期
 - level out

Word: cosmetic
Front: cosmetic
[kɒzˈmetɪk] (8341/9867 -2)
Vocabulary: cosmetic
(once / 2842 pages)
adjn
Cosmetic refers to how something or someone looks. Visit the cosmetics department of a store if you are looking to buy lipstick, and visit a cosmetic surgeon if you are looking to buy new lips.
The word cosmetic has to do with beauty and appearance. Cosmetic surgery makes someone look better, but isn't necessary medically, like heart surgery. A cosmetic change to a building only changes the building’s appearance. Cosmetic often means the same as decorative or ornamental. Also, cosmetics are items used to adorn, especially women, such as nail polish, lipstick, and eyeliner. All uses of cosmetic have to do with what's on the outside, not what's on the inside.
WORD FAMILY
cosmetic: cosmetically, cosmetician, cosmetics+/cosmetician: cosmeticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
He later found Cooper on a 32-yard touchdown that was cosmetic.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The president denied allegations that she failed to pay closer attention to the rescue operation because she was receiving a cosmetic procedure.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Yu said he spoke to an elderly woman who was robbed of her iPhone 7, cash and cosmetics by the suspects on Dec. 22.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 化妆品; 美发油，发蜡; 装饰品; 美容术
adj. 化妆用的; 美容的; 装点门面的; 表面的
分布：化妆品(89%)，表面的(5%)，化妆用的(4%)，整容的(2%)
→来自词根cosm, 安排，整理，秩序，词源同cosmos。后指化妆品，即使人看起来漂亮，得当。
US [kɑ:z'metˌ-] noun
cosmetics [plural]
■substances that you put on your face or body which are intended to improve its appearance 化妆品
• We sell a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries at a very reasonable price. 我们出售各种各样的化妆品和洗漱用品，价格公道。
UK [kɒz'met.ɪk] US [kɑ:z'metˌ-] adjective disapproving
■describes changes, etc. that are intended to make you believe that something is better when, in reality, the problem has not been solved; superficial 装饰门面的，虚饰的，表面的
• They were offered a few cosmetic improvements to their working conditions, but nothing of significance. 表面上他们的工作环境有所改善，但并没有实质上的改变。
UK [kɒz'met.ɪk] US [kɑ:z'metˌ-] adjective
[before noun]
■describes substances that you put on your face or body which are intended to improve its appearance 化妆品
• a cosmetic cream 美容霜
n. 化妆品；装饰品
 - decoration, toiletry

Word: fin
Front: fin
[fɪn] (8333/8226 -2)
Vocabulary: fin
(once / 1031 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A fin is the part of a fish's body that protrudes into the water and helps it balance and move in various directions. Sharks use their dorsal fins to stabilize their bodies as they propel through the water.
Fish, whales, dolphins, and other aquatic animals have fins on various parts of their bodies. Surfboards often have a rear fin that works in a similar way, helping to keep the board steady and aid in making turns. Ships, cars, and aircraft also have fins that assist with balance. In Old English, it was finn, which probably comes from the Latin pinna, "feather or wing."
WORD FAMILY
fin: finable, finned, finning, fins
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gene involved in the development of pelvic fins in other fish and of legs in humans was absent in sea horses.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
A type of octopus without fins, it crawls along the seafloor.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Striped bass are good on Spoiler Shads, Pirk Minnows, and Red Fins in the lower end of the lake.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼鳍; 鳍状物; （汽车、飞机、炸弹上的）尾翅; 散热片
vt. 给…装上翅片; 切除鳍
vi. 潜泳; （猛烈地）拍动（鳍）
时态：finned, finning, fins
分布：鳍(72%)，鱼翅(17%)，散热片(6%)，鳍状物(4%)，五元纸币(1%)
→来自拉丁语pinna,羽毛，翅膀，词源同pen. 该词用来指鱼鳍。
noun countable
■a thin vertical part sticking out of the body of especially a fish or an aircraft which helps balance and movement 鳍；（飞机的）翼（片）；鳍状物
• We could see the fin of a shark as it slowly circled our boat. 一条鲨鱼绕着我们的船缓缓转圈，我们都看到它的鳍。
• a fish's dorsal fin 鱼的背鳍
• The aircraft has a long tail fin. 这架飞机的尾翼很长。
n. [鱼] 鳍；鱼翅；鳍状物
 - fim, pterygium

Word: stint
Front: stint
[stɪnt] (宝 8331/13898 -1)
Vocabulary: stint
(once / 1251 pages)
1vn 2n
The noun stint means a set amount of time in which you do something — often work of some sort. "She served a stint in the army, followed by a stint in an office setting, before settling on a career as a lounge singer."
Unlike a project or vocation, a stint can refer to the stretch of time spent doing a particular job. You apply for a job, but you refer to your past stint in the Peace Corps. As a verb, stint means to be sparing or frugal, or restrict in a stingy manner ("to skimp"). "The school board chose to make cuts at the administrative level, rather than stint on the children's education."
WORD FAMILY
stint: stinted, stinting, stints+/stinted: unstinted/stinting: stintingly, unstinting/unstinted: unstintedly/unstinting: unstintingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dahlin says the final stages of his three-week stint in a secret jail were among the hardest, even though he sensed his release was imminent.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mexican police finally are able to track him down during his four-week stint as a guest judge on “America’s Got Talent.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s possible Bradley’s short stint did some good, perhaps laying the groundwork for the next American coach and assuring a softer landing for his successor.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 定额，定量; 限额，限量; 节约; [鸟]滨鹬
v. 限制，节省; 吝惜; <古>停止
时态：stinted, stinting, stints
分布：节省(48%)，限制(23%)，节约(13%)，定额的工作(10%)，滨鹬(6%)
→来自古英语 styntan,使钝化，使缩短，来自 Proto-Germanic*stuntijanan,砍短，变钝，来自
【记】源于：stingy（adj 吝啬小气的）读：死盯他－死死的盯住他的钱包－吝惜，节省（自己的钱）
【反】lavish（v 浪费；adj 浪费的）
noun countable
■a fixed or limited period of time spent doing a particular job or activity 工作期限；（从事某项活动的）规定期限
• He has just finished a stint of compulsory military service. 他刚刚服完义务兵役。
• Perhaps her most productive period was her five-year stint as a foreign correspondent in New York. 也许她创作上最多产的时期就是她在纽约担任驻外记者的那五年。
[stɪnt] verb intransitive or transitive [usually in negatives]
■to provide, take or use only a small amount of something 限量提供；吝惜；节省
• The bride's parents did not stint on the champagne - there was plenty for everyone. 新娘的父母对香槟一点也不小气——足够让每个人喝。
• Don't stint yourself - take another slice of cake. 别吝惜肚子——再来块蛋糕。
⇒ See also unstinting
n. 节约；定额，定量
 - economy, saving, quota, norm
vt. 节省；限制
 - block, qualify
vi. 紧缩，节省
 - save, tuck in

Word: dispense
Front: dispense
[dɪˈspens] (六托宝 8334/6379 -1)
Vocabulary: dispense
(once / 220 pages)
1v 2v
To dispense means to give out or distribute something. A school nurse can dispense students' medication and we all can dispense advice.
The word dispense comes from the Old French word dispenser, meaning "give out." You can dispense anything from hand sanitizer to dating advice. When dispense is paired with with it means "get rid of it" or "skip." If you dispense with traditional Thanksgiving dishes, you might instead celebrate with pizza, pancakes, tacos — anything but turkey and all the fixings.
WORD FAMILY
dispense: dispensable, dispensary, dispensation, dispensed, dispenser, dispenses, dispensing+/ dispensable: dispensability, dispensableness, indispensable / dispensary: dispensaries/ dispensation: dispensations/dispenser: dispensers/indispensability: indispensabilities/ indispensable: indispensability, indispensableness, indispensably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mistakes ranged from sloppy record-keeping to the dispensing of incorrect drugs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One law enacted Wednesday allows pharmacists to dispense, without a prescription, opioid antagonists.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The demand is unlikely to revive any time soon as India struggles to dispense enough new notes, industry officials say.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 分配，分给; 实施，施行; 免除，豁免; 配（药）
vi. 特许，豁免
时态：dispensed, dispensing, dispenses
分布：免除(40%)，分配(32%)，分发(28%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-pens, 悬挂，称量，词源同pendulum, pound. 即称量，分发。
分配(dis+pense花费→分开花费→分配(财富等))[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
分配,分送(dis分开+pense→分开花费→分配,分送[财物])[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
【记】dis分开，pense（n 包装费用）－分开费用－分配
verb transitive
■to give out things, especially products, services or amounts of money, to people 分发；提供，供应
• There is a vending machine on the platform that dispenses snacks. 月台上有一个出售零食的自动售货机。
■to prepare and give out medicine 配（药），开（药）
• UK a dispensing chemist 药剂师
[dɪ'spents] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dispense with sth/sb
■to get rid of something or someone or stop using them because you do not need them 免除；废止；省去；不再使用
• They've had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his job. 由于麦克丢了工作，他们不得不与奢侈生活告别。
vt. 分配，分发；免除；执行
 - perform, implement, portion, discharge, part
vi. 免除，豁免
 - get free of, exempt from

Word: buffet
Front: buffet
[ˈbʊfeɪ] (高研雅 8330/7804 -1)
Vocabulary: buffet
(once / 1389 pages)
1n 2v
When you see the word buffet, it's hard not to think "all-you-can-eat." Although the noun can refer to food set out for self-service, buffet also means "a blow, especially with the hand," and as a verb "to strike sharply."
The two meanings of buffet come from very different sources. Buffet the self-serve meal is drawn from the piece of furniture on which such a meal might be served, a bufet "sideboard" in eighteenth-century French, and is pronounced buh-FAY. The meaning of hitting, however, comes from the Old French word bufe "a blow" or "a puff of wind" and is spoken BUH-fit. If the wind buffets the windows of your house, it can make them rattle in their frames, and if you are buffeted by bad news, you might shake in your shoes too.
WORD FAMILY
buffet: buffeted, buffeting, buffets, buffetted, buffetting+/buffeting: buffetings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the age of Trump, data and evidence are just some unwanted roughage down at the end of the buffet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Our new friend invited us to share a lunch buffet of fried chicken, potato salad and sweets.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We are sharpening our knives for a large buffet.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 自助餐; 火车饮食柜台; 车站快餐部
时态：buffeted, buffetted, buffeting, buffets
分布：自助餐(85%)，打击(9%)，连续猛击(5%)，饮食柜台(1%)
→来自法语bufet, 桌子，橱柜。后指餐厅自助餐。
n.餐具柜,小卖部v.冲击,搏斗The ship buffeted her way through the waves.这只船乘风破浪前进.
【记】读：8feet。比如：章鱼。可以把…连续的打来打去
US [bəˈfeɪ/
■a meal where people serve themselves different types of usually cold food 自助餐
• Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding? 你办婚礼想摆桌宴还是搞自助餐？
■UK
■a restaurant in a station, where food and drinks can be bought and eaten （车站的）餐馆，速食部
verb transitive /ˈbʌf.ɪt/
■(of wind, rain, etc.) to hit something repeatedly and with great force （风、雨等）连续猛击，打击
• The little boat was buffeted mercilessly by the waves. 海浪无情地拍打着小船。
n. [食品] 自助餐； [贸易] 小卖部；打击；猛烈冲击
 - blow, stroke, shock, strike, hit
vt. 与…搏斗；连续猛击
 - breast, be at grips with
vi. 斗争；奋勇前进
 - fight, struggle (with)
adj. [食品] 自助的；自助餐的
 - self-help

Word: socialize
Front: socialize
[ˈsəʊʃəlaɪz] (8348/19166 -2)
Vocabulary: socialize
(once / 5265 pages)
v
When you socialize, you participate in activities in a group setting. If you have been studying alone for some time, you might take a break at the coffee shop to socialize with some friends.
You can socialize somebody else, or educate her in social patterns. Parents socialize their kids through their upbringing, and clubs often socialize their members through a uniform. If you want to hang out with motorcyclists, you might want to dress in leather. It is also possible to socialize institutions, where benefits are open to a wide section of society. If voters socialize medicine, that service becomes available to all at government expense.
WORD FAMILY
socialize: socialization, socialized, socializer, socializes, socializing+/sociability: sociabilities/ sociable: sociability, sociableness, sociables, sociably, unsociable/ social: antisocial, nonsocial, sociable, socialise, socialism, sociality, socialize, socially, socials, unsocial/socialise: socialisation, socialised, socialiser, socialising/ socialism: socialisms, socialist, socialistic/ socialist: socialists/socialistic: socialistically/sociality: socialities/ socialization: socializations/socializer: socializers/unsociable: unsociability, unsociableness, unsociably/unsocial: unsocially
USAGE EXAMPLES
He socialized rarely, often only with his mother or brother.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Drug-company representatives socialized at trade shows, golf outings and conferences, as well, the complaint said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It was — and I found this shocking because socializing is usually stressful for me — an exhale moment.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. （与…）交往，联谊; 参与社交
vt. 使社会化; 使适合于过社会生活; 使参加集体学习
时态：socialized, socializing, socializes
分布：交际(76%)，使 ... 社会化(8%)，使 ... 社会主义化(8%)，使适应社会需要(8%)
→social,社会的，-ize,使。
US ['soʊ.ʃə.laɪz] verb
GO OUT 出外
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to spend the time when you are not working with friends or with other people in order to enjoy yourself 参加社交活动，交际
• I tend not to socialize with my colleagues. 我不想与我的同事交往过密。
• I hope Adrian's actually doing some work at college - he seems to spend all his time socializing! 我希望阿德里安在大学里确实花了些工夫在学业上——他似乎把时间都用在了社交上面！
(UK usually socialise) UK ['səʊ.ʃəl.aɪz] US ['soʊ.ʃə.laɪz] verb
TRAIN 培养
transitive
■to train people or animals to behave in a way that others in the group think is suitable 使合群；使适应社会生活
• Here at the special school we make every effort to socialize these young offenders. 在这所特殊学校，我们努力使这些青少年罪犯适应社会生活。
vi. 交际；参与社交
 - rub elbows

Word: slaughter
Front: slaughter
[ˈslɔ:tə(r)] (研六雅宝 8340/8774 -2)
Vocabulary: slaughter
(once / 362 pages)
nv
Slaughter refers to the killing of large numbers of animals or people. When cattle are old enough, they're sent to slaughter and their meat is processed and shipped to stores.
The noun slaughter was first used in the 1300s and comes from the Old Norse word slahtr, which also described the mass killing of animals or people. A verb form came along later, in the 1530s. You might hear slaughter used to describe the killing of large numbers of people in a war, a genocide, or a massacre. It also can be used figuratively to describe a crushing defeat, like the slaughter of your basketball team by your bitter rivals.
WORD FAMILY
slaughter: slaughtered, slaughterer, slaughtering, slaughterous, slaughters+/slaughterer: slaughterers/slaughterous: slaughterously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials expressed dismay over the scenes of slaughter in the Compaj prison, which held more than 1,200 inmates, about triple its official capacity.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“There’s a lot of emotion in our community about how innocent people are getting slaughtered,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Her farm, which raises and fattens the rare American mulefoot hogs for slaughter, is essential to their survival, she believes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 屠宰（动物）; 大屠杀; 大减价，贱卖; 〈口〉强烈谴责，猛烈抨击
vt. 屠宰（动物）; 大屠杀，残杀; 大减价，贱卖; 〈口〉强烈谴责，猛烈抨击
时态：slaughtered, slaughtering, slaughters
分布：屠杀(85%)，残杀(13%)，大量杀戮(2%)
→来自 slay,屠宰，宰杀，-ghter,名词后缀，比较 laughter.引申比喻义屠杀。
n.屠杀,屠宰vt.屠杀,宰杀They slaughtered sheep for food.他们宰杀羊作为食物.
US ['slɑ:.tˌɚ] noun
[S or U]
■the killing of many people cruelly and unfairly, especially in a war （尤指战争中的）屠杀，杀戮
• Hardly anyone in the town escaped the slaughter when the rebels were defeated. 叛乱分子被击败后，镇上几乎没有人能逃过随之而来的大屠杀。
• We must find ways of reducing the slaughter which takes place on our roads (= death of many people in motor accidents) every year. 我们必须设法减少每年因车祸而造成的重大死亡。
uncountable
■the killing of animals for meat 屠宰，宰杀
• The geese are being fattened for slaughter. 鹅养肥了好用于宰杀。
⇒ See also slaughterhouse
only singular
■when one team is very easily defeated by the other 一方大败的比赛，一边倒的比赛
• Saturday's game was an absolute slaughter. 周六的比赛绝对是场一边倒的比赛。
UK ['slɔ:.tər] US ['slɑ:.tˌɚ] verb transitive
■to cruelly and unfairly kill a lot of people 屠杀，杀戮
• Thousands of people were slaughtered in the civil war. 成千上万的人在内战中惨遭屠杀。
■to kill an animal for meat 屠宰，宰杀
• The animals are slaughtered in abattoirs. 动物在屠宰场被宰杀。
■to defeat someone very easily 轻松击败
• England slaughtered Germany 5-1 at football. 英格兰足球队以五比一的比分轻松击败了德国队。
massacre, execute, murder, slaughter, assassinate, kill
这组词都有“杀，杀死”的意思，其区别是：
massacre: 语气比slaughter强。指大屠杀，尤指屠杀失去了自卫能力的人。
execute: 指依法处死罪犯。
murder: 指谋杀或凶杀。
slaughter: 本义指大批宰杀动物，也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人。
assassinate: 通常指因政治原因用非法手段杀害政治领袖人物或短名人士。
kill: 普通用词，含义广泛，泛指以任何方式使人、动物或植物死亡。
vt. [畜牧] 屠宰，屠杀；杀戮；使惨败
 - put to the sword, shed blood
n. [畜牧] 屠宰，屠杀；杀戮；消灭
 - kill, extinction

Word: lateral
Front: lateral
[ˈlætərəl] (研托雅宝 8322/7342 -1)
Vocabulary: lateral
(once / 797 pages)
1adj 2n
When something is extending to the side or moving to the side, it’s lateral. "All of the lateral movement in tennis hurt her knees and she had to quit playing."
The adjective lateral comes from the Latin word lateralis, which means “belonging to the side” and the modern meaning is basically the same. In anatomy, views of the body from the left, as well as from the right are referred to as lateral. You can make a lateral career move, if the compensation and level of responsibility stay about the same (instead of moving up, you are moving to the side). A lateral pass in football is one that goes to the side or behind the passer, instead of directly towards the goal.
WORD FAMILY
lateral: bilateral, laterality, lateralize, laterally, laterals, multilateral+/ bilateral: bilateralism, bilaterality, bilaterally/lateralize: lateralization/multilateral: multilaterally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arianna suffers from a neuromuscular disease similar to childhood Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig’s disease.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The disease, also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, attacks cells that control the muscles.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“His lateral quickness, that’s one of the things that I think he’s really elite at,” offensive coordinator Anthony Lynn said.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 侧面的; 横向的; [语]边音的
n. 侧部的东西; 边音
分布：侧面(49%)，侧面的(22%)，横向的(16%)，旁边的(8%)，完成横向穿越(5%)
→来自拉丁语latus,边，侧面，可能来自plat,平的，词源同plan,flat.引申词义水平的，侧面的。
旁边的,侧面的[later=side,表示"边"]
n.侧面的,旁边的The lateral elite is literally illiterate.边上的杰出人物简直是文盲.
US ['lætˌ.ɚ.əl] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■relating to the sides of an object or to sideways movement 侧面的；横向运动的
• lateral movement 横向运动
• Trim the lateral shoots of the flower (= the ones which grow sideways from the main stem of a plant). 修剪花的旁枝。
adj. [解剖] 侧面的，横向的
 - sided, transverse
n. 侧部； [语] 边音
 - sidepiece

Word: retrospect
Front: retrospect
[ˈretrəspekt] (研六托雅 8344/9533 -1)
Vocabulary: retrospect
(once / 1366 pages)
nv
In retrospect — that is, in looking back and contemplating the past — we sometimes find ourselves wishing that we had done some things differently.
Though this word most commonly appears as a noun in the phrase "in retrospect," it can also be used as a verb. The prefix retro- means “back," and spect is a component of the words inspect, spectator, spectacles, and perspective, among others, which all have to do with looking or seeing. So it makes sense that retrospect means to look back in time, or to remember.
WORD FAMILY
retrospect: retrospected, retrospecting, retrospection, retrospective, retrospects+/ retrospection: retrospections/ retrospective: retrospectively, retrospectives
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in retrospect the seismic shocks of 2016, both political and environmental, lent greater urgency to her nightmare vision.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Anyway, the meaning was fairly obvious, in retrospect.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Only now, in retrospect, does the encounter foreshadow the anger and fear that was a dominant theme of the 2016 campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 回顾，回想
vt. &vi. 回顾; 追溯
时态：retrospected, retrospecting, retrospects
分布：回顾(56%)，回想(34%)，追溯(10%)
→retro-,向后，往回，-spect,看，词源同 respect,spectator.
回顾,回想(retro+spect看→向后看)[retro-表示"向后,倒退"]
回顾,回想(retro向后+spect看→向后看→回顾)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
v./n.回顾,回想,追溯[反]foreseeThe respectful spectator gave the prospective president a retrospect of the spectacular spectrum.恭敬的旁观者对未来的总统回顾了壮观的光谱(景象).
US [-rə-] noun
in retrospect
■thinking now about something in the past 回顾；回想
• In retrospect, I think my marriage was doomed from the beginning. 现在回头看，我觉得我的婚姻从一开始就注定要破裂。
• I'm sure my university days seem happier in retrospect than they really were. 我敢说，回顾我的大学时光，看起来肯定要比当时实际生活幸福。
n. 回顾，追溯
 - review, recalling
vi. 回顾，追溯；回想
 - to look back, look back on
vt. 回顾；追忆
 - to look back, look back on

Word: lily
Front: lily
[ˈlɪli] (六 7313/4658 -1)
Back: n. 百合花; 纯洁的人; [女名]莉莉
adj. 洁白的; 纯洁的
分布：百合花(91%)，纯白的(9%)
→来自阿拉伯语lilia,百合花。
noun countable
■any of various plants with a large, bell-shaped flower on a long stem 百合
adj. 洁白的，纯洁的
 - stainless, pure, white

Word: clubhouse
Front: clubhouse
[ˈklʌbhaʊs] (8351/15995 -1)
Back: n. 俱乐部会所，俱乐部; 运动员更衣室
分布：俱乐部(100%)
noun countable
■a building where members of a club meet and have social events 俱乐部会所
n. 俱乐部会所，俱乐部
 - casino

Word: court
Front: court
[kɔ:t] (高研四六托宝 541/254 -K2)
Vocabulary: court
(once / 59 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4nv
A court is a room where justice is administered. Many popular television shows feature scenes in court, although it’s debatable whether these depictions are realistic.
Court can refer not just to the courtroom but also to the judges who preside over it, as in the example of the U.S. Supreme Court. Court can also refer to monarchs and their attendants, as in the phrase "royal court." As a verb, court means “try to win the affections of someone,” as, historically, people sought to win the favor of royalty. (But if you try courting anyone in a modern courtroom, you'll probably be accused of bribery.)
WORD FAMILY
court: courted, courting, courtly, courts, forecourt+/courting: courtings/ courtly: courtlier, courtliest, courtliness/forecourt: forecourts
USAGE EXAMPLES
He and Mr. Huang then brought the case to court.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Williams’ backhand especially suffered, though she looked to move around the court freely.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Prosecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn't allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 法院，法庭; 院子，天井; 宫廷; 网球场
vt. 招致; 设法获得; 向…献殷勤; 追求
vi. 求爱，求婚; 寻求
时态：courted, courting, courts
分布：法院(60%)，球场(16%)，宫廷(8%)，追求(5%)，奉承(4%)，招致(3%)，庭院(2%)，设法获得(1%)，献殷勤(1%)
→来自co-, 强调。-hort, 庭院，词源同yard, garden. 原指王室宫廷，后词义外延不断扩大。
n.法院,法庭;宫廷,朝廷;院子;球场The court found him guilty.法庭判他有罪.
【记】读：夸他－追求，献殷勤
【反】repel intentionally（故意排斥）；repulse intentionally（故意拒绝）；snub（n /v 故意怠慢）；spurn（v 弃绝）；aversion（n 厌恶）
US [kɔ:rt] noun
LAW 法律
 ESSENTIAL countable usually singular uncountable
■(a large room in) a building where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a room, especially the officials and those deciding whether someone is guilty 法院；法庭；全体出庭人员；（尤指）全体审判人员
• Protestors gathered outside the court to await the verdict. 抗议者聚集在法庭外等待判决。
• He's due to appear in court again on Monday. 他定于周一再次出庭。
• Please describe to the court exactly what you saw. 请向法官陈述你看到的真实情况。
• the European Court of Human Rights 欧洲人权法院
• The lack of evidence means that the case is unlikely to go to court. 缺乏证据意味着本案不大可能提交法庭。
take sb to court
■to take legal action against someone 控告（某人）
• She's threatening to take me to court for not paying the bill on time. 她威胁说要起诉我未按时付帐。
settle (a case) out of court
■to solve a legal disagreement without taking legal action 庭外和解
• The newspaper has agreed to settle out of court. 这间报馆已同意庭外和解。
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] noun
SPORT 运动
 IMPROVER countable
■an area drawn out on the ground which is used for playing sports such as tennis and basketball （网球、篮球等运动的）球场，赛场
• a tennis/volleyball/basketball/squash court 网球／排球／篮球／壁球场
• They were penalized for having too many players on the court. 他们因上场球员太多而受罚。
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] noun
AREA 区域
countable
■an area or a short road, which is not covered by a roof and is mostly or completely surrounded by buildings 庭院；大院，场院
• You really should go and see the lovely medieval court in the castle. 你真应该去看看城堡里那处漂亮的中世纪庭院。
Court mainly UK
■used in the names of some roads, and buildings containing apartments （用于道路、公寓大楼的名称中）…路，…公寓
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] noun
ROYALTY 皇室
countable or uncountable
■the official home of a queen or king 宫廷；皇室；朝廷
• the courts of Renaissance Europe 文艺复兴时期的欧洲各皇室
• He quickly lost his popularity at court. 他在宫廷中迅速失宠。
only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■the important people who live in the official home of a queen or king or who work for or advise them 朝臣，侍臣
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] verb
PLEASE 讨好
transitive
■to try to please someone because you want them to join you 奉承；讨好；取悦；向…献殷勤
• Adams is being courted by a number of football clubs. 有好几间足球俱乐部在向亚当斯献殷勤。
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] verb
TRY TO GET 试图得到
transitive
■to try to get something, especially attention or support from other people 求取，设法取得（尤指注意或支援）
• She courts publicity by inviting journalists to extravagant parties. 她邀请新闻记者参加奢华派对来谋求曝光率。
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] verb
RISK 冒险
transitive
■to risk something unpleasant, especially by behaving stupidly or carelessly （尤指因行为愚蠢或粗心而）招致，招惹
• Drinking and driving is simply courting disaster. 酒后驾车纯粹是在招惹祸端。
UK [kɔ:t] US [kɔ:rt] verb
RELATIONSHIP 恋爱关系
intransitive or transitive old-fashioned
■to have a romantic relationship with someone that you hope to marry （与…）谈恋爱
• They courted for two years before getting married. 他们恋爱两年后结了婚。
playground, stadium, court, gymnasium
这组词都有“运动场，操场”的意思，其区别是：
playground: 一般指附属于学校或公园内的活动场地，也可指游乐场或儿童游戏场地。
stadium: 指周围有看台的露天大型运动场。
court: 通常指周围有围墙的专用球场。
gymnasium: 可简写为gym，指不受天气影响的室内体育馆、健身房或运动场馆。
n. [法] 法院；球场；朝廷；奉承
 - playfield, banc
vt. 招致（失败、危险等）；向…献殷勤；设法获得
 - invite, secure, spell, incur
vi. 求爱
 - woo

Word: take
Front: take
[teɪk] (中高雅 63/51 -K1)
Vocabulary: take
(once / 4 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v 5vn 6v
Take means to gain possession of or lay hold of something. You can take an apple from a bowl or take a child's hand to cross the street.
Ways to take include receiving, removing, capturing, picking something up, or being seized by something. Take has many, many senses and has found its way into many English expressions. So take a picture, take some notes, take notice, take a walk, take your friend home safely, take a chance, take a left, take a knight, take it as it comes, take first place, or receive a large take (as in profit), but remember, “You can’t take it with you.”
WORD FAMILY
take: overtake, retake, taken, taker, takes, taking, took+/overtake: overtaken, overtakes, overtaking, overtook/overtaking: overtakings/retake: retaken, retakes, retaking, retook/retaking: retakings/taker: takers/taking: takingly, takings
USAGE EXAMPLES
So, on this auspicious anniversary, it is time to take the board on a stroll down governance memory lane.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“He took his job way more serious than a lot of people. He got involved with a lot of people.”
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Taking up the most time is her impossible mother, Yvette.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 拿，取; 采取; 接受（礼物等）; 耗费（时间等）
vi. 拿; 获得
n. 镜头; 看法; 收入额; 场景
时态：took, taken, taking, takes
分布：取(34%)，需要(20%)，拿(19%)，接受(11%)，认为(6%)，花费(5%)，搭乘(3%)，执行(1%)，理解(1%)
→来自古英语 tacan,抓住，拿走，来自 Proto-Germanic*tak,抓住，拿走，可能来自 tag,接触， 操纵，控制，词源同 tangent,tact.
v.拿取;吃;记录;取得;花费;捕获;认为The spy is shy of taking shelter on the shelf of the shell-like shed.间谍怕在壳子一样的棚里的架子上栖身.
verb (took, taken)
REMOVE 移开
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to remove something, especially without permission 拿；夺取；取走
• Has anything been taken (= stolen) ? 丢了甚么东西吗？
• Here's your pen, I took it by mistake. 你的笔在这里，我拿错了。
• All possessions had been taken from her. 她所有财产都被剥夺了。
 ADVANCED transitive
■to subtract a number (= remove it from another number) 减
• If you take 4 from 12 you get 8. 12减4得8。
⇒ See also take sth away
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
MOVE 移动
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to move something or someone from one place to another 拿走，带走
• The weather forecast said rain, so take your umbrella (with you) when you go out. 天气预报说有雨，所以外出时记得带伞。
• The suitcases were taken to Madrid by mistake. 由于疏忽，手提箱被带到马德里了。
• Take the book up/down to the third floor of the library. 把书拿到图书馆的四楼。
• [+ two objects] I suggested that he should take her some chocolates/take some chocolates to her (= bring them to her as a present). 我建议他给她带些巧克力。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
ACCEPT 接受
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to accept or have 接受，接纳；收受
• Do they take credit cards here? 他们这里接受信用卡吗？
• Do you take milk in your tea? 你茶里要放牛奶吗？
• This container will take (= has room for) six litres. 这种容器容量为六升。
• Which newspaper do you take (= regularly buy) ? 你常买哪种报纸？
• He continually abuses her, and she just sits there and takes it. 他不断辱骂她，而她只坐在那里默默忍受。
• If you think I'm going to take that lying down (= accept it without complaining) , you're very much mistaken. 如果你认为我会甘心忍受那一切，那你就大错特错了。
• I take the /your point (= accept the argument) , but I still don't think you should have gone. 我接受你的辩解，可我还是认为你原本就不应该去。
take part IMPROVER
■to be involved in an activity with other people 参与，参加
• She doesn't usually take part in any of the class activities. 她一般不参加班里的所有活动。
 ADVANCED transitive
■used when you want to mention something as a particular example of what you are talking about 以…为例
• I've been very busy recently. Take last week, I had meetings on four evenings. 我最近非常忙。就拿上星期来说，我有四个晚上在开会。
take to be/take for sth
■If you take someone or something to be something, or if you take them for something, you accept or believe that they are that thing 认为；把…看作
• [+ to infinitive] These creatures are generally taken to be descended from primitive fishes. 这些生物通常被认为是从原始鱼类演变而来的。
• I could have taken him for (= believed that he was) your brother. 我差点把他当成了你的兄弟。
• I'm not going to forge his signature for you! What do you take me for? (= You should not believe I could do a thing like that.) 我不会帮你伪造他的签名的！你把我当成甚么人了？
can't take sth
■to not be able to deal with an unpleasant situation 不能承受…；不能应对…
• I can't take it any more. I'm leaving. 我无法再忍受。我要走了。
take it or leave it
■accept or refuse the offer completely 接不接受由你，要不要随你的便
• That's my final offer - you can take it or leave it. 那是我最后的报价——接不接受由你。
  Common Learner Errors  take part The correct preposition to use after take part is in. Don't say 'take part at/of something', say take part in something : My team would like to take part in the competition.
  Common Learner Errors  take part or take place? Warning: choose the correct verb! To talk about something happening, don't say something 'takes part', say something takes place :
✗ The concert will take part at the Albert Hall, in London. The concert will take place at the Albert Hall, in London.
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
HOLD 握
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to move in order to hold something in the hand(s) 手执，握住，抓住
• Can you take this bag while I open the door? 你帮我拿一下袋子，我去开门，好吗？
• He took my arm and led me outside. 他拉住我的手臂，领我到门外。
• Take an egg and break it into the bowl. 拿一个鸡蛋打在碗里。
• He took hold of the plant's root and pulled. 他抓住植物的根部往上拔。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
GO WITH 一起去
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to go somewhere with someone, often paying for them or being responsible for them 带（某人）去（某地）
• We're taking the children to the zoo on Saturday. 星期六我们要带孩子们去动物园。
• [+ to infinitive] I took my elderly parents to look at some new houses. 我带着年迈的父母看了一些新盖的房子。
• [+ -ing verb] Will you take me swimming tomorrow? 你明天带我去游泳好吗？
 IMPROVER transitive
■to show someone how to get to somewhere by going there with them 给（某人）带路，引领
• Let me take you to your room. 我带你去你的房间吧。
transitive
■to go to a social event with someone 带（某人）参加（社交活动）
• Who's taking you to the dance? 谁带你去参加舞会？
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
TRANSPORT 运输
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to travel somewhere by using a particular form of transport or a particular vehicle, route, etc. 搭乘（交通工具）
• I always take the train - it's less hassle than a car. 我总是乘火车——乘火车比开车省事。
• She took the 10.30 flight to Edinburgh. 她乘十点半的飞机去爱丁堡。
• If you take the road on the left, you'll come to the post office. 走左边的路就能到邮局。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
NEED 需要
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to need 要求，需要
• Parachuting takes a lot of nerve. 跳伞需要很大勇气。
• I take a size five in shoes. 我穿五号鞋。
• Transitive verbs take a direct object. 及物动词带直接受词。
• [+ -ing verb] His story took some believing (= was difficult to believe). 他的故事令人难以置信。
 ESSENTIAL [L only + noun]
■If something takes a particular time, that period is needed in order to complete it 花费（时间）
• The cooking process only takes ten minutes. 烹饪过程只需十分钟。
• [+ to infinitive] How long does this paint take to dry? 这种油漆要多久才能亁？
• [+ obj + noun] It took us all day to drive home. 我们花了一整天时间开车回家。
not take long IMPROVER
■to act or happen over a short period of time 不久
• I'm just going to the shops - I won't take long. 我只是去商店买点东西——不会花太长时间的。
take time IMPROVER
■to need a long time 需要很长时间
• Broken bones always take time to mend. 骨折总是要很长时间才能痊愈。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
DRUG/MEDICINE 药物／药
 ESSENTIAL
■to swallow or use a medicine or drug, especially in a regular way 口服，服用（吞吃或使用一种药品或毒品，尤指定期吞吃或使用）
• Take this medicine three times a day. 这种药每天服用三次。
• Do you think she takes drugs? 你认为她在吸毒吗？
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
ACT 行动
 IMPROVER transitive
■to do or perform 从事，进行
• The Archbishop took our service of thanksgiving. 大主教为我们主持了感恩祈祷仪式。
• Shelley is taking (= studying) economics at university. 谢莉在大学念经济学。
• UK Mr Marshall takes us for (= teaches us) physics. 马歇尔先生教我们物理。
 IMPROVER transitive
■used with many nouns to make a verb phrase that is equal in meaning to the related verb （后接名词形成动宾结构词组，其意思相当于相应动词）
• I think we'll take a break (= we'll stop for a break) there. 我想我们将在那里休息一会儿。
• If you're tired you should take a rest (= you should rest). 如果累了，你就应该休息一下。
• I always like to take a walk (= to walk) after lunch. 午饭后，我总喜欢散散步。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
THINK ABOUT 想
 IMPROVER transitive
■to think about something or someone in a particular way （以某一种特殊方式）思考，考虑
• We're taking the bomb threats very seriously. 我们非常重视炸弹恐吓事件。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
REACTION 反应
 IMPROVER transitive
■to have or come to have a particular feeling or opinion （在思想上）产生，形成；感受到
• He doesn't take any interest in his children. 他对孩子们漠不关心。
• Don't take any notice of the cameras. 不要理会照相机。
• She takes offence too easily. 她很容易生气。
• They took pity on the stray cat and fed it. 他们可怜那只流浪猫，就给了它些食物。
• I take the view that fuel should be heavily taxed to reduce road use. 我认为应该对燃料课以重税，以减少公路上的车辆。
take sb unawares (also take sb by surprise)
■to surprise someone 令（某人）大吃一惊
• The sudden noise took her unawares. 那突如其来的巨响吓了她一跳。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
MONEY 钱
 ADVANCED transitive
■to receive money from sales or as payment for entrance to an event 收取，收入
• The show took an astonishing $100 000 in its first week. 这次演出第一个星期就收入十万美元。
⇒ See also takings
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
CATCH 抓
 ADVANCED transitive
■to get possession of something or someone 夺取，攻取
• Rebels ambushed the train and took several prisoners. 叛乱者伏击火车，俘虏了一些人。
take 1 2. The Liberals need just 200 more votes to take the seat from Labour.
自由党只需再获得200票，就可以从工党手中夺过该席位。
• Centre-left parties look set to take power. 中间偏左的党派看来很可能要掌权。
• Adam, I'd like you to take control of the aircraft now. 亚当，我想现在让你来操控飞机。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
WRITE 写
transitive
■to write 写；记录
• I hope you're all taking notes. 我希望你们都记笔记。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
PERFORM WELL 表现好
intransitive
■to work or perform as expected 起作用；奏效，显出效果
• These new plants haven't taken - they don't like this dry soil. 这些新植物长得不好——它们不适应这种干燥的土壤。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
be like taking candy from a baby (be as easy as taking candy from a baby) US informal
■to be very easy 轻而易举的
• Beating them was the easiest thing in the world - it was like taking candy from a baby. 打败他们是世上最容易的事情——就像从小孩手里抢糖果一样容易。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
can take it or leave it
■said about something that you quite like, but that you do not love or need strongly 要不要都可以；接不接受都可以
• My sister's absolutely crazy about chocolate whereas I can take it or leave it. 我妹妹酷爱巧克力，而我吃不吃都无所谓。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
I take it (also can take it)
■said if you think that what you say is likely to be true, although it is not proved 我猜想，我认为
• You'll be staying the night, I take it? 我想你今晚会住这里吧？
• So we can take it you've resigned? 那就是说你辞职了？
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
if you take my meaning UK
■used to say that you have left out information or your opinion from what you have just said, but that you expect the person listening still to understand it 如果你明白我的意思（指弦外之音）
• Let's just say we had 'problems', if you take my meaning. 我们就姑且说我们遇到了“问题”吧，如果你明白我所指的是甚么的话。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
point taken
■used to say you accept what someone has said 接受（观点）
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
take your time
■said to mean that you can spend as much time as you need in doing something, or that you should slow down 不着急，慢慢来 disapproving
■to do something too slowly 做事磨蹭
• The builders are really taking their time. 那些建筑工人真会拖拖拉拉。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
take one (thing) at a time
■to do or deal with one thing before starting to do or deal with another （对问题）一个个来处理
• There are a few problems, but let's take one thing at a time. 现在有一些问题，不过我们得一个个来处理。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
Take that! informal
■said as someone hits someone else, especially in humorous films or cartoons （尤指喜剧电影或卡通片中打人时的用语）看招！吃我一拳！
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
take the time
■to make the effort to do something 花费力气（做某事）
• She didn't even take the time to wish me good morning. 她连停下来跟我说声早安都没有。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
Take a walk! US informal
■an impolite way of telling someone to go away 走开，滚开（叫某人走开的一种不礼貌方式）
• The guy kept pestering her, and finally she told him to take a walk. 那家伙不断骚扰她，最后她叫他滚开。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
will not take no for an answer
■to not allow someone to refuse what you have offered 不容拒绝，不接受别人说“不”
• I've told Steve I'm not interested, but he keeps asking me out - he won't take no for an answer. 我已经告诉史蒂夫我没兴趣，可他还是不断请我出去——他就是不接受别人说“不”。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sb aback
■to surprise or shock someone so much that they do not know how to behave for a short time 使（某人）大吃一惊
• I was a little taken aback at the directness of the question. 问题问得如此直接，令我有点吃惊。
• The news really took us aback. 这消息着实令我们吃了一惊。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take after sb ADVANCED
■to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character （在外貌、性格等方面）与（家庭中某个年纪较大成员）相像
• He takes after his mother/his mother's side of the family. 他很像他母亲／他母亲家的人。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take against sb UK
■to begin to dislike someone 开始不喜欢（某人）
• I think she took against me when I got the promotion she wanted. 我觉得我被提拔到她梦寐以求的职位后，她开始恨起我来了。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth apart IMPROVER
■to separate something into its different parts 拆开；拆卸
• We took the engine apart to see what the problem was. 我们拆开引擎看看问题出在哪里。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sb apart informal
■to defeat someone very easily in a sport （比赛中）把…打得一败涂地，轻松击败
• He took their defence apart, scoring three goals in the first twenty minutes. 他轻而易举地突破了他们的防线，开场20分钟内就进了三球。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth away
REMOVE
 ESSENTIAL
■to remove something 拿走，移走
• Take these chairs away - we don't need them. 拿走这些子——我们用不着。
• Supermarkets are taking business away from small local shops. 大型超市正在抢走当地小商店的生意。
CALCULATE
 ESSENTIAL
■to subtract a number (= remove it from another number) 减，减去
• Four take away two is two. 4减2等于2。
• If you take 4 away from 12 you get 8. 12减4等于8。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth back
SOMETHING BOUGHT
 IMPROVER
■to return something you have bought to a shop 退回（从商店里购买的东西）
• Is it too small? Take it back and get a refund. 太小了吗？那就把它退回吧。
STATEMENT
 ADVANCED
■to admit that something you said was wrong 收回（说错的话）
• All right, I take it all back. It wasn't your fault. 好吧，我收回我说过的话。那不是你的错。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sb back
PARTNER
[M]
■to allow a partner who previously left your home because of a disagreement or another relationship to come back to live with you 允许（因不和或婚外情而离去的配偶）回家，与（某人）重归于好
• His wife said she would never take him back. 他妻子说她绝不会跟他和好。
MEMORY
■If something takes you back, it makes you remember a period or an event （某事）唤起（某人）的回忆
• That piece of music really took me back (to my schooldays). 那首乐曲真的让我回想起从前（的学生时代）。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth down
REMOVE
 ADVANCED
■to remove something that is on a wall or something that is temporary, or to remove a structure by separating its different parts 拿下；拆掉；拆除
• I've taken the pictures down. 我已经取下了那些画。
WRITE
■to write something that another person has just said 写下，记下
• He took down my address and phone number and said he'd phone back. 他记下了我的地址和电话号码，说会回电话给我。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] take sth from sb
■If you take words, information or ideas from another person or piece of work, you use or develop them in some way 从（某人处或某人作品中）引用（或借鉴）
• The plot is taken from Shakespeare. 该情节源于莎士比亚的戏剧。
take it from me (also take my word for it)
■accept that what I say is true, because I know or have experienced it 听我的吧，我说的不会错
• It won't work - take it from me. 那不会管用的——相信我说的吧。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sth in
UNDERSTAND
 ADVANCED [M]
■to understand completely the meaning or importance of something 领会，理解
• I had to read the letter twice before I could take it all in. 我读了两遍，才把整封信看懂。
■2. It was an interesting exhibition, but there was too much to take in at once. take 2 那是个很有意思的展览，但内容太多，让人目不暇给。
INCLUDE
■to include something 包括，包含
• The new town takes in three former villages. 新市镇包括了以前的三个村庄。
WATCH mainly US
■to go to watch a film or performance, or to visit a place such as a museum 去观看；去参观
• I thought we might get something to eat and then take in a movie. 我原本想，我们可以先吃点东西，然后去看电影。
CLOTHES [M]
■to make a piece of clothing narrower, by changing the position of some of the stitching joining it together 改小（衣服）
• I'll have to take this dress in at the waist - it's too big. 我得把这条裙子的腰身改小点——它太大了。
WORK [M]
■to do paid work for other people, such as washing or sewing, in your home 在家做（替别人洗衣、缝纫等事情）赚钱
• She supported her family by taking in laundry. 她靠在家替别人洗衣服养家。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sb in
CARE FOR
■to take care of someone and provide a place in your home for them 收留，收容，收养（某人）
• Several families take in foreign students. 有几个家庭接待外国留学生。
DECEIVE [often passive]
■to cause someone to believe something which is not true, or to trick or deceive someone 欺骗
• I can't believe she was taken in by him. 我简直不敢相信她被他骗了。
POLICE
■If the police take you in, they take you to the police station （员警）带（某人）去警察局
• Detectives on the murder inquiry have taken in a new suspect for questioning. 调查这宗谋杀案的侦探们又带了一个新的嫌疑人来警察局进行审讯。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth off
REMOVE
 ESSENTIAL
■to remove something, especially clothes 脱下，脱掉（尤指衣服）
• He took off his clothes and got into the bath. 他脱掉衣服，进入浴室。
• After the poisoning scare, the product was taken off the shelves/the market (= removed from sale). 发生担心中毒的恐慌后，该产品被撤下了货架／撤出了市场。
NOT WORK
 ADVANCED
■to spend time away from your work 休假
• He took off two weeks in September. 他九月份休了两周假。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take off
FLY
 IMPROVER
■If an aircraft, bird or insect takes off, it leaves the ground and begins to fly 起飞；飞起
• The plane took off at 8.30 a.m. 飞机上午八点半起飞。
⇒ See also take-off
SUCCEED
 ADVANCED
■to suddenly start to be successful or popular 突然开始成功；开始走红
• Her singing career had just begun to take off. 她的歌唱事业刚刚起飞。
LEAVE informal
■to suddenly leave somewhere, usually without telling anyone that you are going （常指不打招呼就）突然离开
• When he saw me, he took off in the other direction. 他一看见我就往另外一个方向躲开了。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sb off UK informal
■to copy the way a particular person speaks or behaves, or the way something is done, usually in order to entertain other people 模仿
• She's really good at taking people off. 她模仿别人模仿得真像。
⇒ See also take-off Compare impersonate
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth on
 ADVANCED
■to accept a particular job or responsibility 接受（工作）；承担（责任）
• She took too much on and made herself ill. 她承担的任务太重，结果病倒了。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take on sth
■to begin to have a particular quality 开始具有（某种特征）；呈现；露出
• Her voice took on a troubled tone. 从她说话的声音里能听出她遇到了麻烦。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sb on
EMPLOY
 ADVANCED
■to employ someone 雇用（某人）
• She was taken on as a laboratory assistant. 她受雇为实验室助理。
FIGHT
■to compete against or fight someone 同…较量（或争斗）
• The Government took on the unions and won. 政府跟工会进行了一番较量后，取得了胜利。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth out IMPROVER
■to remove something from somewhere 移走，移开
• I've had a tooth taken out. 我拔了一颗牙。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sb out IMPROVER
■to go somewhere and do something with someone, usually something you plan and pay for 带（某人）出去
• Dad's taking the whole family out to the cinema. 爸爸要带全家去看电影。
• Our boss took us out for a meal. 我们老板带我们出去吃饭。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sb/sth out slang
■to kill someone or destroy something 杀死（某人）；摧毁（某物）
• The soldiers said that they were trying to take out the snipers. 士兵说他们正设法除掉那些狙击手。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sth out of sb
take it out of sb (also take a lot out of sb)
■to make someone very tired 使（某人）筋疲力尽
• Digging in the garden certainly takes it out of me these days. 这段时间，在园子里翻地真把我累翻了。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sb out of themselves UK
■to change someone's mood and stop them from thinking about what was making them unhappy 使（某人）不再想不开心的事情
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth out on sb ADVANCED
■to treat someone badly because you are upset or angry, even though they have done nothing wrong 向（某人）发泄，拿（某人）出气
• I know you've had a bad day, but there's no need to take it out on me! 我知道你今天很不顺，可也没必要拿我出气！
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take (sth) over
START DOING
 IMPROVER
■to start doing a job or being responsible for something that another person did or had responsibility for before 接任；接管，接手
• He took over from the previous headmaster in February. 他二月接手了前任校长的工作。
• She took over as manager two weeks ago. 她两周前接任经理一职。
• Colin Lamb has taken over responsibility for this project. 科林‧兰姆已经接管了这个专案计划。
GET CONTROL
 IMPROVER
■to get control of a company by buying most of its shares (= the equal parts into which the ownership of the company is divided) 接管，收购（公司）
• The company he works for has recently been taken over. 他就职的那家公司最近被收购了。
⇒ See also takeover
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sb round (sth/somewhere) ADVANCED
■to walk through a building or visit a place with someone, showing them the most interesting or important parts 带（某人）参观
• You will be taken round the museum by one of the guides. 其中一个导游将会带领你们参观博物馆。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sb through sth
■to explain something to someone 为（某人）解释，向（某人）说明
• I'll take you through it one more time, then you can try it yourself. 我会再给你解释一遍，然后你自己试试。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take to sb/sth
■to start to like someone or something 开始喜欢；对…产生好感
• His wife took to her new neighbours at once. 他妻子立刻喜欢上了新邻居。
• She's taken to tennis like a duck to water (= she likes it and is good at it). 她如鱼得水似的喜欢上了网球。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take to sth
■to start doing something often 开始从事；形成…的习惯
• She was so depressed she took to drink. 她十分抑郁，开始酗酒。
• [+ -ing verb] He's taken to staying out very late. 他开始经常很晚才回来。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take to somewhere
■to go somewhere, usually because you are in a difficult or dangerous situation 去往；求助于
• The refugees took to the hills for safety. 难民逃往山区避难。
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] take sth up
FILL
 IMPROVER
■to fill an amount of space or time 占去（地方或时间）
• This desk takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。
• Too much of this report is taken up with out-of-date figures. 这份报告里尽是过期的资料。
START
 ADVANCED
■to start doing a particular job or activity 开始从事 take 3 1. He's taken up the post of supervisor.
他刚刚担任监督员一职。
• [+ -ing verb] Have you ever thought of taking up acting ? 你想过去当演员吗？
• Ian took up (= continued) the story where Sue had left off. 伊恩接着讲休没有讲完的故事。
take up office
■to start an official job 上任
• The minister took up office in December. 部长是在十二月上任的。
DISCUSS
■to discuss something or deal with something 讨论；处理
• The school took the matter up with the police. 学校和警方一起处理此事。
• UK I'd like to take you up on your sales figures for June. 我想和你谈谈你六月份的销售额。
• A leading law firm took up his case. 一家顶尖的律师事务所接手了他的案子。
CLOTHING
■to shorten a piece of clothing, such as a skirt or trousers 把（裙子、裤子等）改短
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take sb up on sth
■to accept an offer that someone has made 接受
• Could I take you up on that offer of a lift, Rob? 罗布，我现在同意乘你的车，还可以吗？
[teɪk] verb (took, taken)
  Phrasal Verbs  take up with sb
■to become friendly or start a relationship with someone, especially someone who might have a bad influence on you 开始与（尤指可能带来不良影响的人）来往
• She's taken up with a strange crowd of people. 她开始与一帮古怪的人来往。
[teɪk] noun
MONEY 钱
uncountable
■money that is received from sales or as payment for entrance to an event 收取，收入
• The box office take was huge for the new show. 这次新演出的票房收入很可观。
[teɪk] noun
FILM 电影
countable
■the filming of a scene (= small part of a film) （电影）一个镜头的拍摄
• This scene of the film needed ten takes before we felt it was right. 电影里的这个镜头，我们拍了十次才满意。
[teɪk] noun
on the take US
■trying to profit in a personal and usually financial way from a situation 试图捞好处的
• I honestly don't trust him - he always seems to be on the take. 说老实话，我真的不信任他——他似乎总想捞好处。
Compare be on the make at make
convey, fetch, get, transport, take, bring, carry
这组词都有“带、拿、取”的意思，其区别是：
convey: 指通过中间人传递信息，或以某种方式把人或物送到目的地。
fetch: 指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。
get: 口语用词，与fetch基本同义，语气随便。
transport: 指使用车辆或机械设备把人或货物从一处运载到另一处。
take: 指从说话人或说话人心目中所在处把某人或某物带离开，带到离说话者有一定距离的地方，与bring的方向正相反，侧重方向，不着重方式。
bring: 指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点，强调方向，不着重方式。
carry: 指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不涉及方向，只强调方式。
take, pay, cost, spend
take: 物做主语,花时间;
pay: 人做主语,花钱,pay for;
cost: 物做主语,花钱
spend: 人做主语,花钱,花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth;
take, expend, cost, spend
这组词都有“花费”的意思，其区别是：
take: 普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
expend: 较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
cost: 指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
spend: 普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
grasp, grab, clasp, seize, take, clutch, grip, snatch
这组词都有“抓住，握紧”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 指紧紧抓住、抓牢。
grab: 指粗暴而急迫的抓住。
clasp: 指用手紧握或用臂紧抱。
seize: 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作。
take: 最普通用词，不带感情色彩。指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物。
clutch: 强调匆忙、紧急地抓、抓紧。
grip: 语气比grasp强，指用手的最大力量紧紧抓住。
snatch: 指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。
take, accept, admit, receive
这组词都有“接受、接纳”的意思，其区别是：
take: 与receive同意，是receive的日常用法，侧重不带主观意愿地收下或接受。
accept: 强调主动地或自愿地接受，或者说，经过考虑后同意接受。
admit: 作“接受”讲时，强调准许或批准。
receive: 着重仅仅接到或收到这一支轮船或事实，而不含采取主动或积极行动的意思。
vt. 拿，取；采取；吃；接受
 - carry, adopt, have, eat, assume
vi. 拿；获得
 - pick up, get access to

Word: ready
Front: ready
[ˈredi] (中高托宝 758/976 -K4)
Vocabulary: ready
(once / 25 pages)
adjnv
If you're ready for something, you're prepared — you're all set to do it. You're not truly ready for bed until you're wearing pajamas and have finished brushing your teeth.
You can be physically ready, like when you grab a towel and sunblock to get ready for a day at the beach, or mentally ready, like when you're ready to rock your algebra test since you studied so much. Other things are ready when they're available, like dinner or a hotel room. If you ready something (or yourself), you prepare for some specific purpose. The Old English ræde meant "prepare a horse for riding," from a root meaning "ride."
WORD FAMILY
ready: readied, readier, readies, readiest, readily, readiness, readying, unready+/unready: unreadily
USAGE EXAMPLES
OVERREACTION: The Packers are ready to duplicate 2010, win three playoff games and the Super Bowl.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
He was ready to get his teeth extracted to relieve the pain.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They learn to rappel down abandoned buildings and hold their rifles steady, ready to fire, while charging across a swampy field.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 准备好的，现成的; 即时的，敏捷的; 情愿的; 即将的
vt. 做好…的准备
adv. 预先; 已完成地
n. 现款
时态：readied, readying, readies
分布：现成的(37%)，准备好的(33%)，乐意的(15%)，情愿的(15%)
→来自古英语 raede,准备好的，准备好上马的，词源同 ride,骑马。
a.(for)准备好的,现成的;甘心的The reader already readily spread the thread on the ready-made bread.那位读者已经欣然将丝线铺散在现成的面包上.
【记】因为ready（adj 有准备的），所以ready（adj 机敏的）
adjective
PREPARED 准备好的
 ESSENTIAL
■prepared and suitable for fast activity 准备好的，有准备的；现成的；方便使用的
• [+ to infinitive] Are you ready to leave? 你准备好离开了吗？
• Are you ready to order, Madam? 现在可以点菜了吗，女士？
• Okay, Evie, ready when you are (= I am ready to do what we have arranged). 好了，埃薇，我都准备好了，就等你了。
• Dinner's ready! 可以吃晚饭了！
• Are you ready? Hurry up - we're late. 准备好了吗？快点——我们都晚了。
• We're leaving at eight o'clock, so you've got half an hour to get ready. 我们八点钟出发，所以你还有半个小时准备。
• The army are said to be ready for action. 据说军队已经做好准备随时采取行动。
• The concert hall was made/got ready (= prepared) for the performance. 音乐厅已为这场演出准备妥当。
ready and waiting
■waiting and prepared to act 准备好并等待着；准备好随时行动
• Secret information allowed the police to be ready and waiting when the robbers came out of the bank. 由于得到秘密线报，警方布下埋伏，等着劫匪从银行出来自投罗网。
ready-to-wear
■(of clothes) produced in standard sizes and not made to fit a particular person （衣服）现成的，标准尺寸的
['red.i] adjective
QUICK 快的
[before noun] mainly approving
■quick with answers, jokes, solutions, etc 快的；机敏的；灵敏的
• He had a ready reply to every question. 他对所有的问题都对答如流。
• He was charming, with a ready wit (= the ability to quickly say clever and funny things). 他很有魅力，而且机智风趣。
['red.i] adjective
be ready to do sth informal
■to be going to do something immediately 马上要；即将要；随时
• I should think you're about ready to collapse after all that walking. 走了那么远的路，我应该想到你要累垮了。
■to be willing to do something 愿意做，乐意做，情愿做
• These men are ready to die for their country. 这些士兵甘愿为国牺牲。
['red.i] adjective
be ready to roll mainly US
■to be going to start soon 就绪；即将发生
• The new TV series from the West Wing team is ready to roll. “白宫风云”小组制作的新电视连续剧即将播放。
■to be going to leave soon 即将离开
• Give me a call when you're ready to roll and I'll meet you outside. 当你准备好要走的时候打电话给我，我会在外面和你会合。
['red.i] adjective
ready to hand UK
■close to you and therefore available for use when necessary 随手可取；随时可用；在手头准备好
• The sheriff slept with his gun ready to hand under his pillow. 治安官睡觉时把枪放在枕头底下，伸手就能拿出来。
['red.i] adjective
Ready , steady , go ! UK saying
■said at the start of a race, especially one for children 各就各位，预备，跑！（尤指用于小孩子们赛跑时）
['red.i] noun
at the ready
■prepared to be used or to act immediately 准备好；可随时使用；可随时采取行动
• He stood by the phone, pencil at the ready. 他准备好了铅笔，站在电话旁。
adj. 准备好；现成的；迅速的；情愿的；快要…的
 - rapid, fast, forward, express, quick
n. 现款；预备好的状态
 - cash, real money
adv. 迅速地；预先
 - quickly, rapidly, in advance, previously, fast
vt. 使准备好
 - prime

Word: grapple
Front: grapple
[ˈgræpl] (8354/11170 -1)
Vocabulary: grapple
(once / 1043 pages)
1vn 2n
When you wrestle with something — literally or figuratively — you grapple with it, or try to overcome it.
If you trace the word grapple back to its French roots, you’ll discover that the word originally referred to "a grape hook," a pronged tool used to harvest grapes. If you think about how awkward it would be to harvest grapes, with the individual grapes ready to scatter everywhere, it makes sense that grapple eventually evolved to include a verb form used to describe struggling with something unruly. You might grapple with a budget shortfall, grapple for answers, grapple with a wrestling opponent, or grapple with a new technology.
WORD FAMILY
grapple: grappled, grappler, grapples, grappling+/grappler: grapplers/grappling: grapplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Progressive parties need to grapple with four main issues.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In a stuffy second-floor squad room, the detectives of the 40th Precinct grapple with an inheritance of government neglect.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Here, seven that offer everything from brisk efficiency tips to profound discussions that will help you grapple with life’s bigger questions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 抓住，捉牢; 搏斗; 与…格斗; 用铁锚（铁钩）钩住
vi. 抓住; 格斗
n. 扭打，格斗; 紧握; 抓机，抓斗; 与…格斗
时态：grappled, grappling, grapples
分布：抓住(48%)，搏斗(26%)，扭打(19%)，抓钩(7%)
→词源同grab, grasp. 由抓住引申义扭打，搏斗。
verb intransitive
■to fight, especially in order to win something （尤指为了得到某物而）扭打，搏斗
• The children grappled for the ball. 孩子们为了争球打成一团。
['græp.l] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  grapple with sb
■to hold onto someone and fight with them 与（某人）扭打
• Two officers grappled with the gunman. 两名警官与一名持枪歹徒扭打在一起。
['græp.l] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  grapple with sth
■to try to deal with or understand a difficult problem or subject 尽力解决；设法对付；尽量克服
• Today, many Americans are still grappling with the issue of race. 今天，仍有许多美国人还没有克服种族歧视的观念。
vi. 抓住；格斗；抓斗机
 - take hold, clutch at
vt. 抓住；与…格斗
 - grasp, noble, collar
n. 抓住；格斗
 - grasp, melee

Word: floral
Front: floral
[ˈflɔ:rəl] (托 8357/9758 -1)
Vocabulary: floral
(once / 3161 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something floral has something to do with flowers. A floral perfume smells like roses or lilacs or violets.
You can call a flower show a floral event, and a big bouquet of flowers is a floral arrangement. Something that's printed with pictures of flowers is floral too, like your grandmother's floral curtains or a little girl's floral pajamas. The word floral meant "pertaining to Flora" in the mid-17th century — the Latin Flora is the Roman goddess of flowers, from flos, or "flower."
WORD FAMILY
floral: florally+/ flora: florae, floral, floras, multiflora
USAGE EXAMPLES
Floral patterns abound, on stunning floor-length gowns and crisp suit jackets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The bottle’s purple label with floral images was designed to attract female shoppers’ attention in a wine aisle dominated by dull colors.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The vessel's sails will feature floral portraits of organ donors.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 花的，花似的; 以花装饰的; 植物的，植物群的; 花神的
分布：花的(69%)，植物的(19%)，花似的(7%)，以花占主要的图片或设计(5%)
→来自词根flor, 花，词源同flower.
花的,似花的(flor+al)[flor,flour=flower,表示"花"]
植物群(flor+a表示复数→花群→植物群)[flor,flour=flower,表示"花"]
US ['flɔ:r.əl] adjective
■made of flowers, or decorated with pictures of flowers 用花制作的；饰以花卉图案的
• floral curtains/print/wallpaper 花窗帘／印花布／花墙纸
• a floral display/tribute 花展／葬礼用的鲜花
adj. 花的；植物的，植物群的；花似的
 - vegetable, flowery

Word: damaging
Front: damaging
[ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ] (8349/6067)
Back: adj. 有破坏性的，损害的，诽谤的
v. 损害，毁坏，加害于( damage的现在分词 )
分布：有害的(72%)，损害的(20%)，动词damage的现在分词形式.(8%)
adjective
■causing harm 有害的，产生危害的
• Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment. 许多化工产品都对环境有害。
• These are very damaging allegations. 这些指控的影响极为负面。
adj. 有破坏性的，损害的；诽谤的
 - defamatory, calumniatory
v. 破坏（damage的现在分词形式）；损害
 - breaking, spoiling

Word: recommended
Front: recommended
[rekə'mendɪd] (8346/7956)
Back: adj. 被推荐的
v. 托( recommend的过去式和过去分词 ); 推荐; 劝告; 使显得吸引人
分布：被推荐的(80%)，动词recommend的过去式和过去分词.(20%)
VERB
推荐;介绍
If someone recommends a person or thing to you, they suggest that you would find that person or thing good or useful.
例：I have just spent a holiday there and would recommend it to anyone...我刚刚在那里度过假，很想把它推荐给每一个人。
例：'You're a good worker, boy,' he told him. 'I'll recommend you for a promotion.'...“你是个好员工，孩子，”他告诉他，“我将推荐你升职。”
VERB
建议;劝说（做…)
If you recommend that something is done, you suggest that it should be done.
例：The judge recommended that he serve 20 years in prison...法官建议判处他20年监禁。
例：We strongly recommend reporting the incident to the police...我们强烈建议报警。
VERB
使受欢迎;使有优势
If something or someone has a particular quality to recommend them, that quality makes them attractive or gives them an advantage over similar things or people.
例：La Noblesse restaurant has much to recommend it...“贵族”餐馆有很多值得称道之处。
例：He had little but his enthusiasm to recommend him...他拥有的优势只有他的热情。
v. 推荐，介绍；建议（recommend的过去分词）
 - introduced, suggested

Word: stocking
Front: stocking
[ˈstɒkɪŋ] (高研四六 8355/6503 -1)
Back: n. 长袜; 似长袜之物
分布：动词stock的现在分词形式.(100%)
→来自俚语义 stock,腿，-ing,集合名词后缀，表材料。
n.长(统)袜The mocker knocked the stock with the knots on the stocking and sock.嘲笑者用长袜和短裤上的结鼓打存货.
US ['stɑ:.kɪŋ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■one of a pair of tight-fitting coverings for the feet and legs made of light material and worn by women 长筒袜
• nylon/silk stockings. 长筒尼龙袜／丝袜
Compare nylons ; tights
UK ['stɒk.ɪŋ] US ['stɑ:.kɪŋ] noun countable
in your stocking(ed) feet
■wearing only socks or stockings and not shoes 只穿袜（不穿鞋）的
• Jerome stands 1m 75 in his stocking feet. 杰尔姆不穿鞋时身高是1米75。
stocking, socks
这组词都有“袜”的意思，其区别是：
stocking: 指长到膝或过膝的长袜，常用复数形式。
socks: 指长不到膝的短统袜子。

Word: heightened
Front: heightened
[ˈhaitənd] (8365/13704)
Back: v. （使）变高， （使）增大( heighten的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）提高; （使）加强[重]
分布：加强(46%)，增加(37%)，升高(17%)
V-ERG
（使）（情感）增强;（使）加深
If something heightens a feeling or if the feeling heightens, the feeling increases in degree or intensity.
例：The move has heightened tension in the state...该举动加剧了州里的紧张气氛。
例：These latest murders have heightened fears of further attacks...最近发生的这些谋杀案让人们愈加担心会出现更多的袭击。
v. 提高，升高（heighten的过去分词）
 - raised, enhanced

Word: citation
Front: citation
[saɪˈteɪʃn] (宝 8370/8272 -1)
Vocabulary: citation
(once / 4344 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you hear you’re getting a citation, wait before bragging about it. A citation can be an official award, but it can also mean something less thrilling, like a summons to appear in court.
If you climb a tree and rescue a frightened cat, the mayor might present you with a citation for bravery. If you're hurrying to the ceremony and your mom speeds and gets a traffic citation, her insurance company might raise her premiums. Citation comes from the Latin citationem, which means “to call forward.” You can think of the mayor calling you forward to receive your plaque, or the judge calling your mom forward to receive her fine. A citation can also be a quote, like a passage in a newspaper article describing your cat-saving feat as "an act of heroism."
WORD FAMILY
citation: citations+/ cite: citation, cited, cites, citing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also wants citations reported to courts and insurance companies.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
You may also remember him from a citation in South Carolina church mass murderer Dylann Roof’s manifesto.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
A judge later tossed the citation, and Hood denied using his laptop during an internal investigation.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 引用; 引证; 引文; 表扬
分布：引用(90%)，表扬(10%)
→来自cite,引用。
引用,引证(cote+ation表名词)[cit=quote,call,表示"引用,唤起"]
noun countable
EXAMPLE
■a word or piece of writing taken from a written work 引语；引文；引述
• All citations are taken from the 1973 edition of the text. 全部引文均出自该文本1973年的版本。
[saɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun countable
NAME 名字 legal
■an official request for someone to appear in a court of law （法院的）传唤，传票
• The court issued a contempt citation against city council members who refused to comply with a court order. 法庭对不肯遵守法庭命令的的市议会成员发出了藐视法庭的传票。
[saɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun countable
PRAISE 表彰
■official praise for a person in the armed forces for bravery 嘉奖令，嘉奖状；表彰
• The four soldiers are to receive citations from the President for their brave actions. 这四名士兵将因其英勇行为而受到总统的嘉奖。
citation, quotations, reference
citation: 引用某人先前的说话
quotations: 照搬原文
reference: 参考
n. 引用，引证； [法] 传票；褒扬
 - citing, quotation

Word: congratulate
Front: congratulate
[kənˈgrætʃuleɪt] (高研四六 8361/6017 -2)
Vocabulary: congratulate
(once / 281 pages)
v
When you congratulate someone, you give that person praise — or maybe even a party to congratulate him or her on a job well done.
The word congratulate is linked to the Latin word congratulari, meaning “wish joy.” When you congratulate someone, you wish him or her joy, usually to celebrate an accomplishment or good fortune. Your joy can take the form of verbal praise (“Well done!”), a letter or card offering good wishes, a rowdy high five, or even a big chocolate cake. You can also congratulate yourself for reaching a long-time goal.
WORD FAMILY
congratulate: congratulated, congratulates, congratulating, congratulation, congratulatory+/ congratulation: congratulations /congratulatory: congratulatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the speeches, she stayed to congratulate her friend and also introduced herself to Rosenberg.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At a recent celebration, friends used one cake to congratulate Bill Word on his retirement and compliment Matt Word on his new job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday congratulated Finland for its centenary in a phone conversation with Finnish President Sauli Niinisto.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 向（某人）道贺; 祝贺; （为成就或成功）感到高兴
时态：congratulated, congratulating, congratulates
分布：祝贺(94%)，庆祝(6%)
→con-, 强调。-grat, 感激，致意，词源同grateful, grace.
v.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词With gratitude he congratulated me on the celebration.他怀着感激向我祝贺庆典.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to praise someone and say that you approve of or are pleased about a special or unusual achievement 祝贺；庆贺；恭喜
• I was just congratulating Ceri on winn ing/on having won her race. 我那时正在祝贺凯里赛跑获胜。
congratulate, celebrate
这组词都有“庆祝，祝贺”的意思，其区别是：
congratulate: 指对他人祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运。
celebrate: 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面。
vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
 - celebrate, felicitate

Word: mingle
Front: mingle
[ˈmɪŋgl] (研六托雅宝 8350/8698 -1)
Vocabulary: mingle
(once / 168 pages)
v
When things mingle, that means they mix together while still retaining their individual qualities. At a club you may hear laughter that seems to mingle with the sound of the band playing in the background.
Mingle often describes abstract things, like smells or tastes or feelings. The look on your face may mingle compassion and horror when you taste your brother’s attempt at making Key Lime Pie. Mingle can also describe what you do at a social gathering when you move around a lot and talk to many different people. If you’re an outgoing person, at a party you probably like to mingle and talk to friends and also chat with new people.
WORD FAMILY
mingle: intermingle, mingled, mingles, mingling+/ intermingle: intermingled, intermingles, intermingling/mingled: unmingled/mingling: minglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
One report suggested he abandoned his weapon and mingled with the crowd outside pretending to be an injured civilian.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Guests mingled over drinks by the pool, which was framed by banquette tables lit from above by strings of bulbs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As mundanity mingles with tragedy, we confront the inevitable Popian letdown: Do we care enough?
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 混合，混淆
vi. 混进，与…交往
时态：mingled, mingling, mingles
分布：交往(44%)，使混合(22%)，使结合(13%)，混在一起(13%)，联合(8%)
→来自古英语mengan,来自mag,揉，捏，形成，词源同among,massage.即揉在一起，引申词义融合，混合。mingle 融合，混合
v.(使)混合The king mingled with the people in the streets.国王和街上的人群混在一起了.
【记】源于：mix（v 使混和）
【反】separate（v 分开）；sequester（v 使隐退；使隔绝）
verb
MIX 混合
intransitive or transitive
■to mix or combine, or be mixed or combined （使）混合；（使）相混
• The excitement of starting a new job is always mingled with a certain apprehension. 刚开始一份新工作时，兴奋中总是掺杂着一点担忧。
• The two flavours mingle well. 两种味道混合在一起十分搭配。
['mɪŋ.gl] verb
BE WITH 和…在一起
intransitive
■to move around and talk to other people at a social event （在社交场合）相交往，相往来
• You've been talking to Roger all evening - you really ought to be mingling with the other guests. 你整晚都和罗杰说话——你真的该和其他客人聊聊。
mingle, merge, blend, combine, mix
这组词都有“混合”的意思，其区别是：
mingle: 暗示混合后的各成分仍保持各自的特性，能辨别出来。
merge: 指一种成分被别一种成分吸收或融合，着重成分的个性消失在整体之中。
blend: 一般可与mix和mingle换用。混合与其各成分的性质通常是一致的，侧重混合整体的统一性与和谐性。
combine: 通常用于化学反应中，指化合物等。
mix: 含义广泛，侧重混合的一致性，混合的各成分可能按原样存在，但不一定能辨别出来。
vi. 混合；交往
 - travel, company, sort, associate
vt. 使混合；使相混
 - composite, babelize

Word: surrender
Front: surrender
[səˈrendə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 5024/5031 -3)
Vocabulary: surrender
(once / 170 pages)
vn
To surrender is to give up control of something to someone else. If you miss curfew, your parents might make you surrender the keys to the car. Okay, it's only a minivan, but it's still cooler than being on foot patrol.
If you want someone to give up, you might order them to surrender. The witch in the Wizard of Oz wrote "Surrender Dorothy!" in the sky above the Emerald City. You can use the noun surrender when you give up on a task. For example, if you are cleaning the house, but every time you finish a room, the kids mess up another, you can throw your hands up and declare, "I surrender!"
WORD FAMILY
surrender: surrendered, surrenderer, surrendering, surrenders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two nights after yielding a season-worst 69 points in the first half to James Harden and Houston, the Knicks surrendered 67 to the Magic.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Negotiators were able to get the man to surrender shortly after 1 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The suspect fled the scene but later returned and surrendered.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 投降; 屈服; 自首
vt. 使投降; 放弃; 交出; 听任
n. 投降; 放弃; 屈服; （保险的）解约
时态：surrendered, surrendering, surrenders
分布：投降(69%)，放弃(21%)，屈服(10%)
→sur-,在上，向上，render,给回，返还，给予，递交。原指放弃，交出，后引申词义投降，屈 服等，且成为主要词义。词义演变比较 give up.
投降,放弃(sur下面+render给予→给到下面→[把枪]放下→投降)[rend=givee,表示"给"]
vi.投降,屈服vt.放弃,交出n.投降,认输The tenderer surrendered her tremendously slender tender fingers.投标者交出了她异常纤细娇嫩的手指.
【记】sur上面，render给予－把枪放过头顶－投降
【反】appropriate（v 挪用；拨出）
US [sə'ren.dɚ] verb
ACCEPT DEFEAT 承认失败
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to stop fighting and admit defeat 投降
• They would rather die than surrender (to the invaders). 他们宁死也不（向侵略者）投降。
intransitive
■If you surrender to an experience or emotion, you stop trying to prevent or control it 任凭摆布，屈服
• I finally surrendered to temptation, and ate the last remaining chocolate. 我最后还是抵挡不住诱惑，吃掉剩下的最后一块巧克力。
UK [sər'en.dər] US [sə'ren.dɚ] verb
GIVE 给
transitive
■to give something that is yours to someone else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so （被迫）交出，放弃
• The police demanded that the gang surrender their weapons. 警方要求那个团伙交出武器。
• Neither side is willing to surrender any territory/any of their claims. 双方都不愿意在领土上作出任何让步／坚持各自对所有权的主张，谁也不愿放弃。
UK [sər'en.dər] US [sə'ren.dɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■when you stop fighting and admit defeat 投降
• The rebels are on the point of surrender. 叛军很快就要投降了。
submit, yield, surrender
这组词都有“让步，屈服”的意思，其区别是：
submit: 表示“甘心忍受”，作及物动词时，宾语为反身代词，但一般为不及物动词，后接介词to 。
yield: “投降”，与surrender 大致同义，但是指“温和的让步”。
surrender: “投降”，强调“被迫投降，压力很大”，是不及物动词，后接介词to；用作及物动词时，表因战败或被迫“交出”，“放弃”某些事物。
vt. 使投降；放弃；交出；听任
 - desert, quit
vi. 投降；屈服；自首
 - give in to sb, throw up the sponge
n. 投降；放弃；交出；屈服
 - submission, Caved In

Word: pony
Front: pony
[ˈpəʊni] (宝 8352/5400 -2)
Back: n. 矮种马，小型马; 25 英镑
vt. &vi. 用注解书学习; 付清
分布：小马(88%)，付清(8%)，小型的东西(4%)
→来自苏格兰语powny,来自中古法语poulenet,小马，马驹，来自拉丁语pullus,小动物，词源同pullet,pupil.后用于指一种兜风的矮马。
【记】读：胖你－你长得在胖也就是一只小马。
US ['poʊ-] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a small type of horse 矮种马，小马
• As a young girl, she spent every weekend riding her pony. 她还是个小女孩的时候，每个周末都去骑马。
UK ['pəʊ.ni] US ['poʊ-] noun countable
HAIR 头发
■a ponytail 马尾辫
adj. 小型的；每日摘要的
 - pocket, miniative
vt. 付清
 - pay in full, settle up
vi. 付清
 - pay in full, settle up

Word: seed
Front: seed
[si:d] (高研四六 1919/2590 -K4)
Back: n. 种子; 子孙; 起源; （尤指网球比赛）种子选手
vt. 播种; 抽出种子选手; 除去…之种子; 确定（某人）为种子选手
vi. 结籽; （种子）繁殖
时态：seeded, seeding, seeds
分布：种子(93%)，播种(7%)
→来自古英语 sed,种子，籽，来自 Proto-Germanic*sediz,种子，籽，来自 se-ti,扩大格于*se, 耕种，播种，词源同 sow,semen.
n.种子v.播种;结实,结籽I seem to deem his foreseeing of that the man will seek seeds in the weed.我似乎相信他的预见,他预见那个人将在杂草中寻找种子.
noun
PLANT 植物
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■a small round or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow 种子
• Sow the seeds (= put them in the ground) about 3 cm deep. 把这些种子种进约三厘米深的地方。
• The chemical will stop all seeds from sprouting (= starting to grow). 这种化学制品可制止种子发芽。
• The farmers grow these crops for seed (= for planting to grow more crops, rather than for eating). 农民种这些作物是为了育种。
countable usually plural
■the cause of a feeling or situation, or the early stages of it 根源；原因；初期
• The seeds of friendship were sown early, and they remained lifelong companions. 他们早就种下了友谊的种子，而且终生都是挚友。
• He may be sowing the seeds of his own destruction in the long term by using violence against his own people. 从长远看，他对自己的人民施以暴力可能会自食其果。
uncountable literary * semen
go/run to seed
■If a food plant goes or runs to seed, it produces flowers and seeds because it has not been picked early enough （食用植物未及时采摘而）开花结籽
• In hot weather lettuces can suddenly run to seed. 在炎热的天气下，莴苣会在很短的时间内开花结籽。
■If a person or place goes or runs to seed, their physical appearance becomes worse because no one cares for them （人）变得不修边幅；（地方）变得破败
• After he retired, he really went to seed. 退休之后，他真的变得不修边幅了。
[si:d] noun
SPORT 体育运动
countable
■especially in tennis, a good player who is given a place on the list of those expected to win games in a particular competition because of the way they have played in the past （尤指网球的）种子选手
• Turner's opponent in the quarter-finals of the darts is the No. 1 seed. 在掷镖赛的半准决赛中，特纳的对手是头号种子选手。
[si:d] verb
PLANT 植物
intransitive or transitive
■to produce seeds 结（籽）
• The plants have seeded themselves (= their seeds have fallen) into the cracks between the paving stones. 植物的种子在铺路石的缝隙中落地生根。
transitive (also deseed)
■to remove the seeds from a fruit or vegetable 除去…的种子
• Wash, seed and cut the pepper into small pieces. 将辣椒洗一洗，去籽，切成小片。
[si:d] verb
SPORT 体育运动
transitive usually passive
■to make a player a seed 使成为种子选手
• [+ adj] Jones, seeded second, has won her last ten matches. 二号种子选手琼斯在过去的十场比赛中保持全胜。
n. [植] 种子；根据；精液；萌芽；子孙；原由
 - foundation, child
vt. 播种；结实；成熟；去…籽
 - sow, gather head
vi. 播种；（植物）结实
 - sow

Word: centerpiece
Front: centerpiece
['sentəpi:s] (8358/-)
Vocabulary: centerpiece
(once / 6829 pages)
n
The centerpiece of something is literally the piece that goes in the center — the centerpiece of a table setting might be a candle surrounded by roses. Centerpiece also refers to the most important part of something.
Although it often refers to the decoration in the middle of a table, a centerpiece is the most important and noteworthy part of anything. The Thinker is the centerpiece of the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia. An indoor lagoon is the centerpiece of the Tonga Room in San Francisco. The right to vote became a centerpiece of the women’s rights movement in the late 1800’s. No matter what it is, a centerpiece should be impressive.
WORD FAMILY
centerpiece: centerpieces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centerpiece of the project is a special turbine built by Toshiba and designed for the punishingly high pressure used in the process.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mills was there, on this Saturday night in October, to introduce his film “20th Century Women,” the festival’s centerpiece.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The centerpiece proposal is increase in the state’s gasoline tax.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 中心装饰品（餐桌中央的摆饰）
分布：中心装饰品(100%)
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable US for centrepiece

Word: trot
Front: trot
[trɒt] (六托 8347/8837 -1)
Vocabulary: trot
(once / 475 pages)
1vn 2n
To trot is move faster than walking, but not quite at a full-out run. You might trot down the street when you hear the ice cream truck coming.
People can trot — as they do when they jog or do a slow run — and so can four-legged animals, especially horses. When you see a horse trot, you'll notice that its diagonally opposite legs move together, touching the ground at the same time. Trot is a Middle English word that comes from Old French, troter, "to trot or to go," which in turn has a Germanic root related to the word tread.
WORD FAMILY
trot: trots, trotted, trotter, trotting+/trotter: trotters
USAGE EXAMPLES
On a recent visit in June, Clark arrived with a black Labrador on a leash trotting beside her.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He spots a seventh-grader trotting home beneath a bulky backpack.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Picture a miserable horse trotting through the season finale, a skeleton strapped to its back.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 马的小跑; 人快步走; 摇摇摆摆学步的孩子; 〈古〉老太婆
vi. 小跑; 快速前进; 赶紧
vt. 使小跑; 使快步走
时态：trotted, trotting, trots
分布：小跑(62%)，慢跑(21%)，快步走(7%)，老太婆(5%)，现成译本(3%)，疾走(2%)
→来自古法语 troter,小跑，来自 Proto-Germanic*trott,小跑，衍生自*tred,踩踏，词源同 trade,tread.
US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
RUN 跑
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■If a horse or similar animal with four legs trots, it runs at its slowest speed, using short steps in which a front leg and the back leg on the opposite side move together （四肢动物的）小跑，慢跑
• We were trotting along the lane when a car suddenly appeared from nowhere and almost made me fall off my pony. 我们正沿小路骑马小跑，一辆汽车不知从哪里突然冒了出来，我差点从小马背上跌下来。
• The dog trotted down the path to greet me. 这只狗沿路小跑着过来迎接我。
Compare canter ; gallop
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
HURRY 匆忙
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■When people trot somewhere, they go there in a quick or busy way （人）匆忙地走，快步走
• She left her purse on the counter, so I had to trot down the street after her. 她把钱包忘在柜枱上，我只好匆忙跑到街上去追她。
• "I'm in a bit of a rush. I'll give you a ring," said James, and off he trotted. “我有点急事，我会给你打电话的。”詹姆斯说完就匆忙离开了。
• Although she retired from politics five years ago, she still trots around the globe, giving speeches and meeting world leaders. 虽然五年前就退出了政坛，但她还在满世界跑，到处作演讲，会见各国领导人。
⇒ See also globetrotter
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to speak or do something too quickly 连珠炮似地说；急匆匆地做
• She was rather nervous and trotted through her speech a bit too quickly. 她比较紧张，演讲速度有点偏快。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] trot sth out disapproving
■to state an idea, opinion or fact, especially one that has been stated often before or one that is silly 动不动就提出，重复说（老一套的东西）
• You trot out that argument whenever I try to discuss this matter with you. 每次我想与你讨论这件事的时候，你总是重复那一套说辞。
• Whenever I ask him why his essay's late, he just trots out the same old excuses. 每当我问他为甚么迟交作文时，他总是用同样的借口解释。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] trot sb out disapproving
■to send someone to represent or defend your idea or opinion in public, in a boring and familiar way 让（某人）代表自己出面，把（某人）抬出来
• Whenever the President is in difficulties, her spokesman is trotted out to face the press. 每当总统处境困难时，她的发言人就被推出来面对新闻界。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
RUN 跑
only singular
■the speed or movement of a horse or similar animal when it trots 快步，小跑（马或类似动物的快步走或小跑）；其快步或小跑的速度
• He climbed onto his horse and set off at a relaxed trot down the lane. 他骑上马，沿着小路轻快地小跑着出发了。
only singular
■a slow run by a human （人的）慢跑，小步跑
• The team warmed up for the match with a trot around the pitch. 队员们绕着球场慢跑为比赛热身。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
ILLNESS 疾病
the trots
[plural] informal
■ diarrhoea (= a condition in which the contents of the bowels are emptied too often)
• to get/have the trots 拉肚子
• That prawn curry gave me the trots. 那份咖喱大虾吃得我拉肚子。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
on the trot UK informal
■If you do things on the trot, you do them directly after each other without pausing 接连地；一个接一个地
• They won three games on the trot. 他们获得了三连胜。
• She worked 30 hours on the trot to get the job finished on time. 为了能按时完成任务，她连续工作了30个小时。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
a (quick/brisk) trot through sth informal
■when you examine or explain the whole of a subject, method or piece of work quickly without stopping or getting slower 快速检查；迅速解释
• In this book, John Pemble takes a brisk trot through the history and mysteries of Venice. 在这本书中，约翰‧彭伯简单回顾了威尼斯的历史和神秘之处。
trot, jog, run, race
这组词都有“跑”的意思，其区别是：
trot: 强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。
jog: 指从容不迫地慢跑。
run: 最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。
race: 多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。
n. （人）慢跑；马小跑的步态；小跑的马蹄声；刚学步的小孩；老太婆；腹泻；（学生作弊用的）译文对照本
 - dogging, diarrhea
vi. （马）小跑；（人）慢跑；快步走
 - double, go jogging

Word: characterization
Front: characterization
[ˌkærəktəraɪˈzeɪʃn] (宝 8311/16409 -1)
Vocabulary: characterization
(once / 4207 pages)
n
If you write a play portraying your workplace as comically disorganized and woefully inefficient, you better hope it makes money, because your boss may fire you for this characterization. The word characterization describes how something is represented.
When you break apart the word characterization it’s easy to figure out what it means. Character tells you that this word will likely involve the qualities a person or thing has. The -ization ending means it is a noun — the act of doing something. You can use the word characterization to describe the depiction of a character in a book or a movie, or also as a way a particular person, group, or event is portrayed, such as a journalist’s characterization of a political enemy.
WORD FAMILY
characterization: characterizations+/ character: charactered, charactering, characterise, characteristic, characterize, characterless, characters/characterisation: characterisations/characterise: characterisation, characterised, characterises, characterising/ characteristic: characteristically, characteristicly, characteristics, uncharacteristic/ characterize: characterization, characterized, characterizes, characterizing/uncharacteristic: uncharacteristically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A feast for the eye, with every scene animated by sharp detail and witty characterization,” Luke Jennings wrote in The Observer.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“Characterization, theme, psychology, the poetry of the language are primary ahead of time and place,” he says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
This is a false characterization of the reforms that I and many others support.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 特性描述; （对书或戏剧中人物的）刻画，塑造; <正>描述方法; 界定方法
分布：特性描述(87%)，人物性格塑造(13%)
US [ˌker.ɪk.tə.rɪ-] noun
IN A STORY 故事中
uncountable
■the way that people are represented in a film, play or book so that they seem real and natural （电影、戏剧或书本中的）人物塑造
• The plots in her books are very strong but there's almost no characterization. 她写的书情节性很强，可是几乎没有对人物的塑造。
• The film's characterization of the artist as a complete drunk has annoyed a lot of people. 这部电影将那位艺术家塑造成一个彻头彻尾的酒鬼，使许多人感到不快。
(UK usually characterisation) UK [ˌkær.ɪk.tə.raɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] US [ˌker.ɪk.tə.rɪ-] noun
QUALITY 特质
countable
■the way in which something is described by stating its main qualities 归纳…的特征；描述…的特性
n. 描述；特性描述
 - presentation, description

Word: hospitality
Front: hospitality
[ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti] (研六雅 8356/6053 -1)
Vocabulary: hospitality
(once / 410 pages)
n
A reputation for hospitality means you're known for being kind and welcoming to visitors, which may also mean that you always have a full house at Thanksgiving.
Hospitalitem is a Latin word meaning "friendliness to guests," so it's not hard to see where the word hospitality comes from. Showing hospitality involves making others feel comfortable and welcome in your home. If you're grumpy and prefer to be left alone, this word probably won't ever be used to describe you, nor are you likely headed for a career in the hospitality industry.
WORD FAMILY
hospitality: hospitalities+/ hospitable: hospitableness, hospitabler, hospitably, hospitality, inhospitable / inhospitable: inhospitableness, inhospitably, inhospitality/inhospitality: inhospitalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Shapira reprimanded the prime minister again that same year, saying living and hospitality expenses for both his official residence and private home were exorbitant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Eventually I reached Obsidian Vineyard, where I encountered another instance of Kiwi hospitality.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 殷勤好客; 招待，款待; （气候，环境等的）宜人，适宜
分布：好客(46%)，款待(36%)，殷勤(13%)，酒店管理(5%)
→来自hospitable,好客的。
好客,殷勤的(hospit+ality表性质名词)[hospit,host=guest,表示"客人"]
好客,(hospit客人)[-ality表名词"状态,性质"]
n.好客,殷勤,款待The people of your village showed me great hospitality.你们村里的人对我非常殷勤好客.
US [ˌhɑ:.spɪ'tæl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when people are friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors 热情好客；殷勤；友好
• The local people showed me great hospitality. 当地人对我非常地热情友好。
■the food, drink, etc. that an organization provides in order to keep its guests happy （待客用的）食物，饮料；招待，款待
• The company's guests at Ascot are entertained in the corporate hospitality area. 在阿斯科赛马会上，该公司的客人在团体招待区内受到了款待。
hospitality, hostility
这是一组形近易混词。
hospitality: n.热情招待，殷勤好客。
 • We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.   朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了我们，使我们过得很愉快。
hostility: n.来自与形容词hostile(不友善的，敌对的)，敌意，对抗。
 • You can feel the hostility coming from that man.   你可以感觉到那个人的敌意。
n. 好客；殷勤
 - complaisance, gallantry

Word: seriousness
Front: seriousness
[ˈsɪəriəsnəs] (8366/7640)
Vocabulary: seriousness
(once / 1069 pages)
n
Seriousness is a quality of being calmly intent, or serious. Your seriousness will serve you well when you're studying for an important test.
You might talk about the seriousness of an argument between two friends, or the seriousness of your math teacher when she expects the class to pay attention. Sometimes seriousness implies a bit of worry, like when you ask about the seriousness of your grandmother's health problems. The noun seriousness comes from an adjective, serious, with a Latin root, serius, which means "weighty, important, or grave."
WORD FAMILY
seriousness: seriousnesses+/overserious: overseriously/ serious: overserious, seriouser, seriousest, seriously, seriousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet even here, and in Shore’s broader role creating the musical personality of the sketch-comedy giant, is evidence of the composer’s seriousness.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
If they do something really inappropriate, for example hit another child, you seem to be incapable of reacting with the seriousness such behaviour warrants.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The appeals court ruled the relatively modest fine wasn’t a disproportionate penalty compared with the seriousness of her crime.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 认真; 严肃地; 严重地; 非常严肃地
分布：严重性(47%)，严肃(39%)，认真(14%)
→来自 serious,严重的，严肃的，认真的，-ness,名词后缀。
【记】源于：serious（adj 严肃认真的；严重的）
【反】levity（n 轻率；轻浮）；flippancy（adj 无礼；轻率）
US ['sɪr.i-] noun uncountable
BAD 坏的
■the state of being very bad or severe 严重；恶劣
• I don't think he has any notion of the seriousness of the situation. 我认为他一点也不明白事情的严重性。
UK ['sɪə.ri.ə.snəs] US ['sɪr.i-] noun uncountable
NOT JOKING 不开玩笑的
■the state of being serious, rather than intending to be funny 严肃；认真
• In all seriousness (= completely seriously) now - joking aside - I do think there's a problem here that we've got to get sorted. 现在说正经的——言归正传——我确实认为这里有个问题我们得解决。
n. 严重性；严肃；认真
 - gravity, solemnness

Word: imperative
Front: imperative
[ɪmˈperətɪv] (研六托雅宝 8360/8822 -1)
Vocabulary: imperative
(once / 750 pages)
1adjn 2adjn
When something absolutely has to be done and cannot be put off, use the adjective imperative.
Imperative is from Latin imperare "to command," and its original use was for a verb form expressing a command: "Do it!" is an imperative sentence. It's still used that way, but it's more commonly applied to something so pressing it cannot be put off: "Hiring new workers has become imperative." It has more immediate force than pressing but less than urgent.
WORD FAMILY
imperative: imperatively, imperativeness, imperatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The imperative of the present moment is to challenge that judgment, to restore a sense of tolerance and a spirit of generosity.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Now, Stone requires the kind of structure imperative for running a large business operating in multiple time zones, he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Clearly, research and funding are imperative to get a true grasp on how Lyme and other diseases interact with other forms of infection.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 必要的，不可避免的; 命令的，专横的; 势在必行的; [语]祈使的
n. 必要的事; 命令; 规则; [语]祈使语气
分布：命令(51%)，必要的(34%)，义务(7%)，祈使的(5%)，驱使(1%)，紧要的(1%)，紧要的事(1%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。即皇帝的命令，引申词义重要的，迫切的。拼写比较inimical,enemy,invidious,envy.
命令的,强制的(imper+ative)[emper,imper=command,表示"命令,统治"]
n.命令;需要;规则;祈使语气a.强制的;紧急的An immediate operation was imperative.非立刻动手术不可.
【参】imperator（n 绝对统治者；最高统治者）；emperor（n 皇帝）
【反】imperial（adj 皇帝的）－obedient（adj 服从的）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
URGENT 紧急的
■extremely important or urgent; needing to be done or given attention immediately 极重要的；紧急的；迫切的
• [+ that] The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured. 总统说当务之急是确保所有人质都获释。
• [+ to infinitive] It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious. 必须现在就采取行动，而不是再等到问题变得难以收拾。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法 specialized
■used to describe the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders 祈使语气；祈使语气动词
• In the phrase 'Leave him alone!', the verb 'leave' is in the imperative form. 在句子 Leave him alone! 中，动词 leave 是祈使语气动词／用的是祈使语气。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED only singular specialized
■the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders 祈使语气；祈使语气动词
• In the phrase 'Leave him alone!', the verb 'leave' is an imperative/is in the imperative. 在句子 Leave him alone! 中，动词 leave 是祈使语气动词／用的是祈使语气。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
URGENT 紧急的
countable
■something which is extremely important or urgent 极重要的；紧急的；迫切的
• Getting the unemployed back to work, said the minister, is a moral imperative. 部长说，让失业者重返工作岗位是一件道义上必须做的事。
adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的
 - necessary, urgent, essential, emergency, instant
n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则
 - necessity, instruction, need, request, order

Word: peripheral
Front: peripheral
[pəˈrɪfərəl] (六托宝 8353/6202 -1)
Vocabulary: peripheral
(once / 5467 pages)
1adj 2n
Scanners, printers, and speakers are peripheral devices for a computer because they aren't central to the working of the computer itself. Anything peripheral is on the margin, or outside, while main things, like a computer's processor, are not peripheral.
Outside of computer jargon, peripheral is a common term in eye exams, which measure peripheral vision to see how far toward the outer right and left edges you can see. Peripheral also describes nerves from the body's peripheral system, which are secondary to the main system but branch off of it — like the wires between peripheral devices and a computer.
WORD FAMILY
peripheral: peripherally, peripherals+/ periphery: peripheral, peripheries
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a Wonderful Life deserves a kind of peripheral inclusion here, for being where inspirational triangulates with the weepie and the Christmas film.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The fall was caused by a peripheral nerve sheath tumor and led to several weeks in the hospital.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He is talking about Guillain-Barré syndrome, a condition which occurs when the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system – causing severe muscle weakness and paralysis.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 外围的; 次要的; （神经）末梢区域的
n. 外部设备
分布：外围设备(49%)，外围的(47%)，不重要的(4%)
→来自periphery,外围，边缘。引申词义外围的，不重要的。
【记】peri周围
【反】crux（n 症结；关键）－peripheral element（不重要因素）；crucial（adj 至关紧要的）
US [-'rɪf.ɚ-] adjective
■describes something that is not as important as something else 次要的，附带的
• The book contains a great deal of peripheral detail. 书中有大量无关紧要的细节。
■happening at the edge of something 周边的，边缘的
• A figure came into my peripheral vision. 一个身影从远处映入我的眼帘。
UK [pə'rɪf.ər.əl] US [-'rɪf.ɚ-] noun countable specialized
■a piece of equipment, such as a printer, that can be connected to a computer （电脑的）周边设备（如印表机）
adj. [昆] [计] 外围的；次要的
 - secondary, supporting, minor

Word: grammar
Front: grammar
[ˈgræmə(r)] (中高研四六雅 8367/2979 -K2)
Vocabulary: grammar
(once / 409 pages)
n
Grammar is the set of language rules that you use, most of the time unconsciously, to create phrases and sentences that convey meaning.
You may dread studying grammar, but in fact you already know much of the grammar of your native language. If you grew up speaking English, no one had to tell you that "Throw the ball to me," is a sentence in English, but "Ball the me to throw" is not. You may, though, need coaching to avoid common errors — “bad grammar" — like “Throw the ball to he and I,” where you should say “Throw the ball to him and me.”
WORD FAMILY
grammar: grammarian, grammars, grammatic, grammatical +/ grammarian: grammarians/ grammatical: grammatically, ungrammatical/ungrammatical: ungrammatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Running year-round in four-week sessions, the program consists of 12 levels of language attainment, with components including grammar and vocabulary, essay writing, and conversational English.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A study by researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University compared this year’s Republican and Democratic presidential candidates in terms of their vocabulary and grammar.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Top scientists fear plans for more grammar schools in England will not boost disadvantaged pupils' grades.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 语法; 语法书; （学术的）基本原理; （人的）语言知识及运用能力
分布：语法(84%)，文法(16%)
→来自gram, 刻，写，后指文字，字母。该词在中世纪有魔咒，神秘学等词义，见其拼写变体glamour. 现该词主要指语言学习，语法。
语法,文法(gram+mar→写的[规则]→语法)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
n.语法,语法书The telegram says that the diagrams show the grammar of the program.电报说图表表示程序的语法.
US [-ɚ] noun
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■(the study or use of) the rules about how words change their form and combine with other words to make sentences 文法；文法学
countable mainly UK
■a book of grammar rules 文法书
• a German grammar 一本德语文法书
n. 语法；语法书
 - syntax, phraseology

Word: eternity
Front: eternity
[ɪˈtɜ:nəti] (8376/9841 -1)
Vocabulary: eternity
(once / 443 pages)
1n 2n
Eternity means "forever," like living for all eternity. Or it can mean something that seems like it will go on for forever, like waiting an eternity for your sister to get out of the bathroom.
Eternity means "time without end, or infinity," like people who promise to love one another for eternity — they aren't planning to ever split up. When you put the word an before eternity, you can use it to describe a very long — too long — period of time, so that you can use it to complain. For example, you might use the phrase "it felt like an eternity," after waiting twenty minutes to get an ice cream cone.
WORD FAMILY
eternity: eternities+/ eternal: eternalise, eternalize, eternally, eternise, eternity, eternize/eternalise: eternalised/eternalize: eternalized, eternalizes, eternalizing/eternise: eternised, eternises, eternising/eternize: eternized, eternizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shape represents eternity and serves as a reminder of the unending circle of life, she says.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Right now, though, the choice may be between an eternity waiting for justice, or an eternity under Mr Jammeh.
Economist(Dec 11, 2016)
His songs number more than 350, capturing the significance of both the moment and its eternity, blending folk with rock and numerous other musical genres.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 永恒; [宗]来世，永生，永劫; 万年; 不朽
分布：永远(63%)，来世(19%)，不朽(15%)，漫长的时间(3%)
→来自eternal, 永久。
US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun
uncountable
■time which never ends or which has no limits 永远，永恒；无穷
• They haven't been given these rights for (all) eternity - they should justify having them just like most other people have to. 这些权利并非永久地赋予他们——他们应该像其他大多数人必须要做的那样，证明自己有资格享有这些权利。
• Religions gain some of their worldly power by claiming they have the key to eternity (= a state of existence outside normal life). 宗教所拥有的世俗权力中有一些是靠宣称自己拥有通往永恒的锁匙而获得的。
an eternity
■a very long time 极长的一段时间
• The film went on for what seemed like an eternity. 这部电影长得好像永远演不完。
• Nine months is a long time for anyone, but it's an eternity for the very young. 对任何人来说，九个月都是很长的一段时间，而对于小孩子来说，简直就是遥遥无期。
UK [ɪ'tɜ:.nɪ.ti] US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun
send sb to eternity literary
■to kill someone 使触电死亡；用电刑处死
n. 来世，来生；不朽；永世
 - life after death, afterlife

Word: modernization
Front: modernization
[ˌmɒdənaɪ'zeɪʃn] (研 8383/13130)
Back: n. 现代化，现代化的事物
分布：现代化(100%)
现代化(modern现代的)[-ization表名词,来自-ize+ation,"…化"或"发展过程"]
n.(modernisation)现代化Our purpose is to realize the agricultural modernization.我们的目的是要实现农业现代化.
VERB
使现代化
To modernize something such as a system or a factory means to change it by replacing old equipment or methods with new ones.
例：...plans to modernize the refinery...使精炼厂现代化的计划
例：There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。
n. 现代化
 - update, aggiornamento

Word: howl
Front: howl
[haʊl] (高研六托雅 8380/10307 -2)
Vocabulary: howl
(once / 297 pages)
vn
To howl is to make a long, sad, crying sound. You might howl every once in a while, but it's more common to hear wolves and dogs let loose and howl, especially in the presence of a full moon.
Terribly sad or fearful people howl, and wolves howl to communicate with each other. Your dog might howl at the sound of a passing fire truck, which also makes a noise with its siren that you can call a howl. Before the 1400s, the word was houlen, a word that probably emerged as an imitation of the way a howl sounds.
WORD FAMILY
howl: howled, howler, howling, howls+/howler: howlers/howling: howlingly, howlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
DOUGLASVILLE, Ga. — “Caliente!” the director Lee Daniels howled toward Naomi Campbell, across the waiting room of a decommissioned county jail.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Be N-I-OI-EE-U-I-SSSS!” she howls, absolutely wrecking the premise of civil discourse.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
It strolled in like it owned the gym, raising its arms as it triumphantly paced in front of the crowd, eliciting cheers and howls.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 哀号，吼叫
vi. 嚎叫，咆哮; 哀嚎; <俚>开心地狂笑; <俚>狂欢
n. 嗥叫; 嚎哭; <俚>及其可笑的事物
时态：howled, howling, howls
分布：嚎叫(65%)，高声叫喊(9%)，长嚎(9%)，啸鸣(9%)，大声哭(4%)，吼叫着说出(4%)
→拟声词，模仿嚎叫的声音。
n.怒吼,嗥叫vi.(风等)怒吼,咆哮The boy howled with laughter.那男孩高声狂笑.
verb
PERSON/ANIMAL 人／动物
intransitive
■If a dog or wolf howls, it makes a long, sad sound （狼、狗）长嚎，嗥叫
• In the silence of the night, a lone wolf howled. 在寂静的夜里，一只孤独的狼在嚎叫。
intransitive or transitive
■to make a loud sound, usually to express pain, sadness or another strong emotion （通常因痛苦、悲伤或其他强烈情感而）号叫，哀号
• An injured dog lay in the middle of the road, howling with/in pain. 一只受伤的狗躺在路中间，痛苦地嚎叫着。
• We were howling with laughter. 我们放声大笑。
• figurative The opposition howled down the government's proposal (= shouted loudly to express disapproval). 反对党大声抗议，反对政府的提案。
[haʊl] verb
WIND 风
intransitive
■If the wind howls, it blows hard and makes a lot of noise （风）呼啸
• Is there someone outside, or is it just the wind howling in the trees? 是有人在外面，还是只是风在树林里呼啸？
[haʊl] noun
countable
■a long, loud, sad sound 号叫声；喊叫声；呼啸声
• the howl of the wind in the trees 树林中风的呼啸声
• He leaves his dog shut up in the house all day, and we can hear its howls. 他一整天都把他的狗关在屋子里，我们能听到它的嚎叫声。
• She let out a howl of pain. 她痛得大声哀号。
countable usually plural
■a strong expression of emotion, such as anger or disagreement 感情迸发；怒吼，愤怒的表示
• Plans to build a new supermarket have been greeted with howls of protest from local residents. 建一座新超市的计划受到当地居民的强烈抗议。
roar, bark, growl, howl
这组词都有“吠，叫”的意思，其区别是：
roar: 指狮子的吼叫。
bark: 指发出刺耳的汪汪声，系典型的狗吠。
growl: 指被激怒的狗发出低长的咆哮声，以示威胁。用于人时，指咆哮着喊叫，怒冲冲地发牢骚。
howl: 指声音响亮，拖得很长，如哀愁的哭声。用于人时，指大喊大叫。
vi. 咆哮；怒吼；狂吠
 - gnar, huff and puff
n. 嗥叫；怒号；嚎哭
 - bluster

Word: respectful
Front: respectful
[rɪˈspektfl] (四六 8374/13810 -1)
Vocabulary: respectful
(once / 314 pages)
adj
If you’re respectful, you show consideration and regard for someone or something. Be respectful of your neighbors and turn down your disco music when it gets late.
Respectful is the adjective form of the common word respect, which means a feeling of admiration. So when you behave in a way that’s respectful, you’re doing something to show admiration for another person. You might sit in respectful silence when your teacher enters the room. You can be respectful of situations as well as people. You might be respectful of the democratic process and not complain about not winning your school election.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
respectfully / respectively
If you kiss the mob boss's ring, do it respectfully, or full of respect and admiration. But respectively means "in the order given," so if you have to kiss up to the rest of the mob, make sure to shake hands and high five Jimmy Rags and Tommy Two Face, respectively because Jimmy prefers a handshake, but Tommy loves a good high five.
To show respect is to show how you admire something or someone, to show deference or obedience. Therefore, when you do something respectfully, you're being polite because you do it full of respect:
Mr. Ruck listened, as he always listened, respectfully. (Henry James)
"So tonight, we are respectfully asking the candidates to try to put aside the talking points," he says. (Time)
The servants bowed respectfully, and retired in silence. (Bernhard Severin Ingemann)
Respectively, on the other hand, means in a manner that treats several things individually, one by one, in a sequence. It's a way to keep lists parallel, and it rescues sentences from extra words:
By comparison, Mitalas said fellow Metro League schools Seattle Prep and Lakeside had 70 and 40 turn out, respectively. (Seattle Times)
That's easier to say than "Seattle Prep had a turn out of 70 and Lakeside had a turn out of 40." Same goes for this quote from an obituary of actor Cliff Robertson:
His TV performances in "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Hustler," for example, were filmed with Jack Lemmon and Paul Newman, respectively. (Washington Post)
Sign your emails "respectfully yours" if you're full of respect for the person you're writing to, and save respectively for singling things out. The grammar mob appreciates your attention to these details.
WORD FAMILY
respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful+/ disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects/ disrespectful: disrespectfully/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alaoui shunned the traditions of ethnographic “exoticism,” instead favoring a more egalitarian, respectful approach.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
He wants his son to call 911 if he needs to and be respectful of police, yet cautious.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
“I think Paramount felt intimidated by August’s demand for a black director, and frustrated, but ultimately respectful,” said John Breglio, who was then Wilson’s lawyer.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有礼貌的; 恭敬的; 殷勤的; 穆
分布：有礼貌的(59%)，谦恭的(25%)，表示尊敬的(16%)
→来自 respect,尊敬，尊重。
充满敬意的(respect+ful)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
adjective
ADMIRATION 尊重的
■showing admiration for someone or something 毕恭毕敬的；表示尊敬的；尊重的
• "We're so pleased to meet you at last," he said in a respectful tone of voice. “我们终于和您见面了，真是万分高兴，”他毕恭毕敬地说道。
Opposite disrespectful
[rɪ'spekt.fəl] adjective
HONOUR 有礼貌的
■showing politeness or honour to someone or something 恭敬的；按照礼仪的；有礼貌的
• There was a respectful two-minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war. 在纪念战争中阵亡将士的仪式上，我们心怀崇敬默哀两分钟。
be respectful of sth
■to accept that something is important and not to try to change it or cause offence 尊重；遵奉；礼待
• He taught his children to be respectful of other cultures. 他教导他的孩子们要尊重其他文化。
respectful, respected, respective, respectable
respectful: 指“充满敬意的”，是主动性的尊重他人。如：The students were very respectful towards the great man.(这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。)
respected: 表示受人尊敬的，可用于对年长的人，权威性的意见等。
respective: 表“各自分别的”，修饰名词时，名词一般用复数。如：They went back to their respective houses.(他们回了各自的家。)
respectable: 可尊敬的，值得尊重的。如：His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母虽穷却令人尊敬。)
adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的
 - civil, polite

Word: indifferent
Front: indifferent
[ɪnˈdɪfrənt] (研四六托雅宝 8368/7546 -1)
Vocabulary: indifferent
(once / 134 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
If you're indifferent about something, you don't care much about it one way or another. You might feel indifferent about politics, changing the channel whenever the TV news comes on.
People seem indifferent when they're obviously unconcerned — an indifferent observer of a tennis match is clearly not rooting for either player, and an indifferent voter might choose a candidate at the last minute by flipping a coin. A slightly less common meaning of indifferent is "unbiased or impartial," which you can see in its root, the Old French indifferent, or "impartial." In this sense of the word, we all hope our laws and legal system are indifferent.
WORD FAMILY
indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differential: differentially, differentials/ differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifference: indifferences
USAGE EXAMPLES
By his own account an indifferent student in public school, Tyrus found his calling at the institute, now the Otis College of Art and Design.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
All the while, the instruments churn through their material, indifferent to the singer’s plight.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
When one thinks in an adopted language, one arranges and rearranges words that are neutral, indifferent even.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 漠不关心的; 无关紧要的; 中立的; 中等的
分布：无关紧要的(41%)，漠不关心的(34%)，中立的(21%)，平凡的(4%)
→in-,不，非，different,不同的。即没有不同的，引申词义冷淡的。
冷漠的(in+different不同的→同与不同的"事不关已"→冷漠的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
冷漠的,不关心的(in不+different不同→同与不同无所谓→冷漠的)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
a.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的I infer that he is indifferent to differentiating the offers in different conferences.我推断他对区分不同会谈中的报价漠不关心.
【记】因为这些人的志向与我different（adj 不同的）所以我漠不关心
【反】avid（adj 渴望的；热情的）avi飞，d的；fervor（n 热情；炽热）zealot（n 狂热者）；enraptured（adj 狂喜的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective
NOT INTERESTED 不感兴趣的
■not thinking about or interested in someone or something 不感兴趣的；不关心的，冷淡的
• Why don't you vote - how can you be so indifferent (to what is going on)! 你为甚么不投票？你怎能（对正在发生的事情）如此漠不关心！
• He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers. 他发觉教一班无动于衷的十几岁的孩子真是头痛。
UK [ɪn'dɪf.ər.ənt/ UK [-rənt] US [-ɚ-] adjective
NOT GOOD 不好的
■not good, but not very bad 中等的，一般的
• We didn't like the restaurant much - the food was indifferent and the service rather slow. 我们不怎么喜欢这家餐馆——饭菜一般，上菜也相当慢。
different, indifferent
different: 跟……不一样，同from搭配。如：This book is different from that one.(这本书跟那本不一样。)
indifferent: 冷漠的，不关心的，同to搭配。如：He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他从前不注意自己的外表。)
adj. 漠不关心的；无关紧要的；中性的，中立的
 - neutral, insignificant

Word: dude
Front: dude
[du:d] (8373/22838 -1)
Vocabulary: dude
(once / 3108 pages)
n
Dude is a slang greeting term between men, meaning "guy" or "man." For example: "Dude! So, like, what's up?" It's been popularized by movies and TV shows, and has a distinctive whiff of American West Coast hippie culture to it.
In the American nineteenth century dude had another life as a term for a dandy — a particularly well-groomed and fancily-dressed young man. From this came the term of dude as meaning a big city dweller unfamiliar with the ways of the Wild West. When such types came out West to enjoy the rugged life, they stayed in "dude ranches," basically resorts or spas, not real working ranches, and the term is still around today.
WORD FAMILY
dude: dudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dude looked like a coach or an Old Navy model, all fleeced and boot-cut.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
When the civil war began in the fall of 1945, the Communists built a wall between the “dude ranch” and Xi’s building to protect secrets.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And I was like, ‘Dude, that’s so cool!’
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <美国、加拿大>纨绔子弟，花花公子; <俚>男人，家伙
vt. <俚>打扮得讲究或花哨
分布：花花公子(51%)，打扮(26%)，纨绔子弟(23%)
→可能缩写自Yankee Doodle, 美国佬，或直接来自dawdle, 游荡。
[du:d] mainly US slang
noun countable
■a man 家伙，小子
• Some dude just asked me if I knew you. 刚才有个家伙问我是否认识你。
• [as form of address] Dude, where were you last night? 小子，你昨天晚上去哪里了？
• Jason was one cool dude. 贾森是个很酷的家伙。
n. 花花公子；纨绔子弟
 - playboy, knut
vt. 打扮
 - dress oneself, array
vi. 打扮
 - dress oneself, sharp

Word: railway
Front: railway
[ˈreɪlweɪ] (中高雅 8369/1099 -K3)
Back: n. 铁路; 铁道; 铁路系统; 铁道部门
vi. 乘火车旅行; 在…铺设铁路
分布：名词(100%)
→rail,铁轨，way,道路。
UK (US railroad)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the metal tracks on which trains run 铁路，铁道
• We live close to the railway line. 我们家离铁道线很近。
• She travelled across Siberia on the Trans-Siberian railway. 她乘火车沿西伯利亚铁路横穿西伯利亚。
 ESSENTIAL
■the system of tracks, stations, trains, etc 铁路系统
• a railway station/timetable/siding, etc. 火车站／列车时刻表／铁路专用线等
• Thomas Grant worked on the railway(s) for fifty years. 汤马斯．格兰特在铁路系统工作了50年。
n. （英） [铁路] 铁路；轨道；铁道部门
 - path, track, trajectory, orbit

Word: compression
Front: compression
[kəm'preʃn] (六托 8364/8171)
Vocabulary: compression
(once / 2919 pages)
n
Whenever something is squished together, compression takes place, like a tight bandage around your sprained ankle — the compression helps protect it from further injury.
Compression comes from the Latin word compressare, meaning “to press together.” Compression is an important part of how car engines function: fuel and air are compressed then ignited and that makes the power that turns the wheels. Compression can also happen to your day's schedule, such as when a snow storm causes school to start late, a schedule compression means that you have all your classes but they are shorter.
WORD FAMILY
compression: compressions+/ compress: compressed, compresses, compressible, compressing, compression, compressor, decompress, uncompress/compressible: compressibility, incompressible/compressing: compressings/compressor: compressors/decompress: decompressed, decompresses, decompressing, decompression/decompression: decompressions/incompressible: incompressibility/uncompress: uncompressed
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wore compression undergarments to hold it in.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
He started chest compressions and yelled for someone to call 911.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That rig burned again eight months later, in February 2016, when a compression unit on the platform ignited, killing three and injuring eight.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 压缩，压紧，浓缩，紧缩; 加压，压抑; （表现的）简练; 应压试验
分布：压缩(97%)，压紧(2%)，浓缩(1%)
压缩,紧缩(com+press+ion)[press=press表示"挤压"]
【反】distention（n 膨胀）
V-ERG
(使)压紧;(使)压缩
When you compress something or when it compresses, it is pressed or squeezed so that it takes up less space.
例：Poor posture, sitting or walking slouched over, compresses the body's organs...坐着或者走路的时候低头垂肩，这种不正确的姿势会压迫体内的器官。
例：Air will compress but the brake fluid won't.空气会压缩，但是刹车油不会。
VERB
使简练;缩短
If you compress something such as a piece of writing or a description, you make it shorter.
例：He never understood how to organize or compress large masses of material...他从来就不懂如何对大篇的材料进行整理或精简。
例：All those three books are compacted and compressed into one book.那三本书的内容全都压缩进一本书了。
VERB
压缩，缩短(时间)
If an event is compressed into a short space of time, it is given less time to happen than normal or previously.
例：The four debates will be compressed into an unprecedentedly short eight-day period...这4场辩论将被压缩到短短8天的时间，这是前所未有的。
例：Some courses such as engineering had to be compressed.有些课程，比如工程学，必须减少课时。
N-COUNT
(用以退烧的)敷布，压布
A compress is a pad of wet or dry cloth pressed on part of a patient's body to reduce fever.
例：Sore throats may be relieved by cold compresses.喉咙痛用冷敷布敷一下可能会好一些。
n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫
 - concentration, pressure, hitting

Word: impoverished
Front: impoverished
[ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt] (8372/11179)
Vocabulary: impoverished
(once / 1755 pages)
adj
Impoverished describes being really, really poor, either from having no money or being in bad health. A person who lives on the street is impoverished, and a country may become impoverished after a devastating war.
Impoverished comes from the Old French word povre, which means “poor,” and you can almost see the word poverty inside impoverished. Living an impoverished life means that your finances and health are not in good shape, and in fact you could die because you can’t support yourself. A corrupt and greedy government makes its citizens impoverished, and too much pollution will create impoverished soil that isn’t healthy enough to grow delicious vegetables.
WORD FAMILY
impoverish: impoverished, impoverishes, impoverishing, impoverishment +/ impoverishment: impoverishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The vision was to continue to work with impoverished farmers throughout Indonesia to create products and bring them to international markets,” Schilling said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It all centers on Zhengzhou, a city of 6 million people in an impoverished region of China.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Now federal officials allege he funneled $600 million in fraudulent claims to this impoverished pocket of Appalachia, and the government turned off the spigot.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 穷困的，无力的，用尽了的
v. 使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 ); 使（某物）贫瘠或恶化
分布：贫困的(77%)，赤贫的(17%)，耗竭的(4%)，动词impoverish的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
US [-'pɑ:.vɚ-] formal
adjective
■very poor 赤贫的
• She's going out with an impoverished young actor. 她在和一个穷得叮当响的年轻演员交往。
■made weaker or worse in quality （品质）恶化的
• He warned that the breakdown of the family unit would lead to an impoverished society. 他警告说，家庭单位的解体会导致社会的衰败。
adj. 穷困的；用尽了的，无创造性的
 - destitute

Word: cricket
Front: cricket
[ˈkrɪkɪt] (研四六雅 8382/2496 -3)
Vocabulary: cricket
(once / 476 pages)
1n 2nv
A cricket is a chirping insect that resembles a grasshopper. Cricket is also a popular British sport played with a ball and a flat bat. A cricket might be on the cricket field, but it’s too little to throw the ball.
Crickets have small wings and antennae, and while they don't fly, they can hop far. In some places, it's common to keep a cricket as a pet — and in other places, crickets are eaten and considered crispy delicacies. If you ever get a cricket mixed up with a grasshopper, remember that crickets are usually brown and grasshoppers are green. The root of the insect is criquer, "creak or crackle," and the sport comes from cricke, Middle Dutch for "stick."
WORD FAMILY
cricket: cricketed, cricketer, cricketing, crickets+/cricketer: cricketers
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's a great moment for Test cricket," said commentator Bill Lawry on Australia's Nine Network.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Cricket is the most popular sport in India.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A portrait of modern India through the fictional tale of two brothers raised to be cricket champions.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 蟋蟀; 板球; 矮木凳
vi. 打板球
adj. 公平的
分布：板球(78%)，蟋蟀(17%)，打板球(5%)
→1.蟋蟀，拟声词，模仿蟋蟀的叫声。
n.板球;蟋蟀His wicked trick is to get the kids to kick bricks and lick the cricket ticket.他的缺德恶作剧是让孩子们踢砖和舔板球门票.
noun
GAME 运动
 IMPROVER uncountable
■a sport in which two teams of eleven players try to score runs (= points) by hitting a small hard ball covered in leather with a bat , and running between two sets of small wooden posts 板球（运动）
• a cricket ball/bat 板球／板球球板
['krɪk.ɪt] noun
INSECT 昆虫
countable
■a brown or black insect which makes short loud noises by rubbing its wings together 蟋蟀
['krɪk.ɪt] noun
not cricket UK old-fashioned or humorous
■If someone's behaviour or actions are not cricket, they are not honest or moral 不光彩；不道德；不光明正大
• It's simply not cricket to flirt with another man's wife. 跟别人的妻子调情真不道德。
n. 板球，板球运动； [昆] 蟋蟀
 - Chinese Cricket, grig

Word: synagogue
Front: synagogue
[ˈsɪnəgɒg] (8378/16661 -1)
Vocabulary: synagogue
(once / 1638 pages)
n
A synagogue is a Jewish house of worship.
A synagogue, sometimes called a temple or a shul, is for Jews what a church is for Christians, or a mosque for Muslims, or a temple for Hindus. The word comes from the Greek roots sun "together" and agein "bring" — it's a building where worshipers are brought together.
WORD FAMILY
synagogue: synagogues
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They’re seeing all these kids in synagogue the next day, so that creates a certain competitiveness,” Mr. Stone said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His 1543 treatise “On the Jews and Their Lies” calls for the burning of synagogues and Jewish homes.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Though there were no anti-Semitic messages left, Rabinowitz says he believes the synagogue was targeted for religious reasons.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 犹太教堂; 犹太人集会
分布：犹太教(68%)，犹太教会堂(20%)，犹太人集会(12%)
→来 自 希 腊 语 synagoge, 集 会 地 ， 犹 太 教 堂 ， 来 自 syn-, 一 起 ， -agog, 引 导 ， 词 源 同 demagogue,pedagogue.
US [-gɑ:g] noun countable
■a building in which Jewish people worship and study their religion 犹太教堂，犹太会堂

Word: ominous
Front: ominous
[ˈɒmɪnəs] (雅宝 8379/9650 -1)
Vocabulary: ominous
(once / 624 pages)
adj
If something looks or sounds ominous, be careful: a threat or an unpleasant event is at hand. If you see an ominous frown on your boss's face, you're in trouble!
Ominous, and the related word omen both come from the 16th century Latin word ōmen "foreboding." However, unlike omen, which is a sign of something good or bad to come, ominous always describes something unpleasant or threatening. If the future looks ominous, you've got nothing to look forward to. Figuratively, an ominous sky or ominous clouds promise rain or a storm.
WORD FAMILY
ominous: ominously +/ omen: omened, omening, omens, ominous /omened: ill-omened
USAGE EXAMPLES
The conditions at the Naud Street warehouse appeared to be nowhere near as ominous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Almost all current trends look ominous for Britain’s first four broadcast networks.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
When reports of dressing-room unrest began to surface after the 4-1 home loss to West Ham on Monday, it started to look ominous for Bradley.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不祥的，坏兆头的; 预兆的，预示的
分布：不祥的(88%)，预兆的(12%)
→来自omen,预兆，预示，-ous,形容词后缀。即有预兆的，在早期也可指吉兆，现仅用来指凶兆，不祥的。
凶兆的[omin=omen(预兆)]
【记】omin恶兆，参：abominate（v 痛恨；憎恶）
【反】auspicious（adj 吉兆的；幸运的）
US ['ɑ:.mə-] adjective
■suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen 恶兆的；不祥的；不吉利的
• There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed. 当我询问我会否获得续约时，回答我的是不祥的沉默。
• The engine had been making an ominous sound all the way from London. 从伦敦出发后，一路上引擎一直发出一种不正常的声音。
• ominous dark clouds 不祥的乌云
adj. 预兆的；不吉利的
 - ill, premonitory

Word: martyr
Front: martyr
[ˈmɑ:tə(r)] (六雅宝 8377/8636 -1)
Vocabulary: martyr
(once / 300 pages)
nv
Someone who suffers, or is even killed, for his or her political or religious beliefs is called a martyr.
Martin Luther King Jr. is often called a martyr in connection with the American civil rights movement. A martyr is also someone who chooses to be put to death rather than renounce his or her religious beliefs, as the story of Saint Stephen tells. In the figurative sense, if you are a martyr to headaches, you suffer from them. Sometimes, martyr is used negatively to refer to someone who chooses to suffer when there is no need to do so.
WORD FAMILY
martyr: martyrdom, martyred, martyring, martyrise, martyrize, martyrs+/ martyrdom: martyrdoms/martyrise: martyrised, martyrising/martyrize: martyrized, martyrizes, martyrizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Palestinian authorities venerate such “martyrs” and compensate their families financially.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In it he called his attack vengeance for airstrikes against Muslims and said he wished to become a martyr.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
The high-stakes question — for them and consequently for Christianity’s future in Asia — is whether to renounce Jesus or die a martyr.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 烈士; 殉道者; （因病等）长期受痛苦的人
vt. 牺牲; 折磨; 杀害
时态：martyred, martyring, martyrs
分布：殉道者(60%)，折磨(22%)，杀害(18%)
→来自拉丁语martyr,来自希腊语martys,见证者，-r,所有格后缀，来自smer,mer,记住，记忆，词源同memory,remember.后引申词义殉道的人，为教而牺牲的人。
US ['mɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their political or religious beliefs, and is often admired because of it 烈士；殉道者，殉教者
• a Christian/Islamic/religious martyr 基督教／伊斯兰教／宗教殉道者
• She fought against racism all her life and died a martyr to the cause. 她毕生都在反抗种族主义，直到最后为这一事业英勇献身。
■disapproving
■someone who tries to get sympathy from others when they have a problem or too much work, usually having caused the problem or chosen to do the work themselves （夸大所受痛苦的）乞怜者
• She offers to do extra work, then plays the martyr! 她主动提出做额外的工作，然后又装可怜！
UK ['mɑ:.tər] US ['mɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
be a martyr to sth humorous
■to often suffer from an illness 经常受（疾病）折磨
• She's a martyr to migraine! 她深受偏头痛的折磨！
UK ['mɑ:.tər] US ['mɑ:r.tˌɚ] verb transitive often passive
■to kill someone because of their religious or political beliefs 处死（坚持信仰者）；使受难
vt. 牺牲；折磨；杀害
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear

Word: rotten
Front: rotten
[ˈrɒtn] (研四六托宝 8385/6433 -2)
Vocabulary: rotten
(once / 622 pages)
adj
Use the adjective rotten to describe something that is decaying or decayed. If you are like most people, you occasionally have to throw out rotten food — sometimes, it's so nasty you can't even tell what the food was in its original form!
The adjective rotten also describes something that is very poor in quality. If your car has a flat tire, your dog threw up on the carpet, and your boss yelled at you, you can say you are having "a rotten day." Another use for rotten is to describe something that is damaged by decay. Weather damage can cause boards to rot, so if you are working on an old house, you should especially watch out for rotten floor boards. You wouldn't want to fall through to the basement!
WORD FAMILY
rotten: rottener, rottenest, rottenly, rottenness+/rottenness: rottennesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We built this beautiful house, but the foundation is rotten,” said South Carolina Democratic Chairman Jaime Harrison, a candidate to lead the Democratic National Committee.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
It’s been a good year for good movies, if you ask Rotten Tomatoes.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
“Collateral Beauty,” which was positioned early on as a potential award season contender, was panned by critics, with a 14% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 腐烂的; 恶臭的; 堕落的; 极坏的
adv. 非常; 极其
分布：腐烂的(58%)，非常(17%)，腐朽的(17%)，讨厌的(8%)
→来自 rot 过去分词形式。比较 ridden.
a.腐烂的,腐朽的Lots of pilots plot to dot the rotten robot.大批领航员策划给腐烂的机器人打点.
US ['rɑ:.tən] adjective
 ADVANCED
■decayed 腐烂的；腐朽的；变质的
• The room smelled of rotten vegetables. 房间里一股蔬菜腐烂的味道。
 ADVANCED
■very bad 极差的，糟糕透顶的，恶劣的
• rotten weather 糟糕透顶的天气
• old-fashioned It was rotten of you to leave without saying goodbye. 你竟然不辞而别，也太不像话了。
UK ['rɒt.ən] US ['rɑ:.tən] adjective
be rotten to the core
■If a person or organization is rotten to the core, it behaves in a way that is not honest or moral 腐败透顶（如果某人或组织腐败透顶，其行为不诚实或不道德）
• The whole legal system is rotten to the core. 整个司法系统简直就是“头顶生疮脚底流脓”－－烂透了。
adj. [木] 腐烂的；堕落的； [环境] 恶臭的；虚弱的；极坏的
 - weak, fallen, rank
adv. 非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: structured
Front: structured
['strʌktʃəd] (8384/6182)
Vocabulary: structured
(once / 6686 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're happiest when your day is planned out, with lists of things to do, and a tightly-packed schedule, then you like living a structured life. When something is structured, it's arranged according to a specific plan.
Structured is an adjective that comes from the noun structure, which is something that's been built or put together — usually, we think of a building being a structure. Anything that has been put together in an organized, deliberate way can be described as structured. Clothing designers sometimes call certain garments structured when they are carefully tailored and deliberately shaped (like a blazer), rather than loose and flowing (like a long, unfitted skirt).
WORD FAMILY
structured: unstructured +/ restructure: restructured, restructures, restructuring/ structure: restructure, structured, structures, structuring, substructure, superstructure, understructure/substructure: substructures/superstructure: superstructures/understructure: understructures
USAGE EXAMPLES
But no matter how this deal is ultimately structured, there’s no way to get around that it will change the definition of American government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So our team is so well structured, well put together that when someone sparks something, the whole team starts trending that thing.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In response, the school replaced three days of open recess for fourth- and fifth-graders with structured exercising, including the plank or push-up position.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有结构的
v. 组织( structure的过去式和过去分词 ); 安排; 制定
分布：有组织的(67%)，有安排的(33%)
N-VAR
结构;构造;组织
The structure of something is the way in which it is made, built, or organized.
例：The typical family structure of Freud's patients involved two parents and two children...弗洛伊德的病人的典型家庭结构是父母二人和两个孩子。
例：The chemical structure of this particular molecule is very unusual.这个特殊分子的化学结构很不寻常。
N-COUNT
结构体
A structure is something that consists of parts connected together in an ordered way.
例：The feet are highly specialised structures made up of 26 small delicate bones.脚的结构非常特殊，由 26 块细小的骨头组成。
N-COUNT
建筑物
A structure is something that has been built.
例：About half of those funds has gone to repair public roads, structures and bridges...那些基金中大约有一半已被用来维修公路、公共建筑物和桥梁。
例：The house was a handsome four-story brick structure.这所房子是一幢造型美观的四层砖砌建筑物。
VERB
系统安排;精心组织;使形成体系
If you structure something, you arrange it in a careful, organized pattern or system.
例：By structuring the course this way, we're forced to produce something the companies think is valuable.这样制定发展规划后，我们不得不生产各公司认为有价值的东西。
adj. 有结构的；有组织的
 - organized, methodic
v. 组织；构成（structure的过去分词）；建造
 - organized, built

Word: ethanol
Front: ethanol
[ˈeθənɒl] (8391/10997)
Back: n. 乙醇
分布：乙醇(100%)
→来自ethane, 乙烷。-ol, 酒精，来自alcohol.
US [-nɑ:l] (also ethyl alcohol)
noun uncountable
■a chemical compound which is a type of alcohol 乙醇
n. 乙醇， [有化] 酒精
 - ethyl alcohol, alki

Word: humidity
Front: humidity
[hju:ˈmɪdəti] (研六托雅宝 8375/12414 -1)
Vocabulary: humidity
(once / 4117 pages)
n
Humidity has to do with how much moisture is in the air. High humidity is a lot of moisture; low humidity is not much at all.
Humidity is a word you'll hear if you watch a weather report, and it's also something people love to complain about. When it's hot and there's a lot of humidity, people sweat a lot — it's uncomfortable, sticky, and your hair is likely to frizz. When the humidity gets really high, there's going to be some rain or snow. In some parts of the country, people have a saying about yucky summer weather: "It's not the heat — it's the humidity."
WORD FAMILY
humidity: humidities+/ humid: humidity, humidly, humidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dry, itchy skin is a common companion when the humidity drops, especially as we get older.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But Sense explained that opening my windows wasn’t helping because it raised the room’s humidity and worsened its air quality.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Keep the plant on a moist pebble tray to provide extra humidity, and try to keep temperatures above 55 degrees.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （空气中的）湿度; 潮湿，高温潮湿; 湿热; [物]湿度
分布：湿度(94%)，湿气(6%)
→humid,湿的，-ity,名词后缀。
n.湿气,湿度Humidity means the amount of moisture in the air.湿度指空气中水汽的含量.
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality of being humid 湿润，潮湿
• I don't like the humidity of this climate. 我不喜欢这种潮湿的天气。
■a measurement of how much water there is in the air 湿度
• The temperature is almost eighty degrees, the humidity in the low thirties. 温度已经接近80度，湿度为30多一点。
n. [气象] 湿度；湿气
 - wet, moisture capacity

Word: lightweight
Front: lightweight
[ˈlaɪtweɪt] (8396/8908 -2)
Vocabulary: lightweight
(once / 5560 pages)
1adj 2n 3nadj
When an object is lightweight, it weighs much less than other similar objects. A person is a lightweight if they can't handle much — if you get full after a small meal, big eaters might refer to you as a lightweight.
Break lightweight apart — light + weight — and you see its definition right there in its root words. Someone who is called a lightweight is either a professional boxer who weighs under 135 pounds or he's someone with little importance or ability. When a company is looking to make layoffs, it's the lightweight employees, or those who just aren't important to the business that often get axed first.
WORD FAMILY
lightweight: lightweights
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The key is looking for systems that are scalable, lightweight and easily deployable," he said.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
I would recommend Gore gloves and rain jacket as they are lightweight.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The first is to develop a new, lightweight system that efficiently uses battery energy to generate movement.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 轻量的; 不重要的
n. 轻量级选手; 不重要的人
分布：轻量级的(48%)，轻便(43%)，无足轻重的(4%)，轻量级拳击运动员(3%)，无足轻重的人或物(1%)，比较轻的(1%)
adjective
NOT HEAVY 不重的
■weighing only a little or less than average 较轻的，轻量的
• I need a lightweight jacket for the summer evenings. 我需要一件夏天晚上穿的薄外套。
['laɪt.weɪt] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃 disapproving
■not showing deep understanding or knowledge of any subject 肤浅的，理解不深的
• She's the author of some fairly lightweight historical novels. 她写了几部内容相当肤浅的历史小说。
['laɪt.weɪt] noun countable
SPORTS PERSON 运动员
■in some sports, including boxing , a person whose weight is between featherweight and welterweight 轻量级运动员 Compare heavyweight
['laɪt.weɪt] noun countable
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃 disapproving
■a person whose work in a particular area of activity does not show a deep understanding or knowledge of that subject 一知半解的人，理解不深的人
• In certain circles he has been dismissed as a literary lightweight. 在某些圈子里，他被斥为对文学一知半解而遭到排斥。
n. 轻量级选手；无足轻重的人
 - flyweight, small fry

Word: farmhouse
Front: farmhouse
[ˈfɑ:mhaʊs] (8393/6553 -1)
Back: n. 农舍，农场住宅
分布：农舍(84%)，农家(16%)
US ['fɑ:rm-] noun countable
■the main house on a farm where the farmer lives 农场住宅，农舍
UK ['fɑ:m.haʊs] US ['fɑ:rm-] adjective [before noun]
■describes food that is made using traditional methods （食物）传统方法制作的
• farmhouse cheddar 以传统方法制作的切达起司

Word: relic
Front: relic
[ˈrelɪk] (托宝 8394/7657 -1)
Vocabulary: relic
(once / 490 pages)
n
A relic is a fragment from the past — one of Elvis's guitars, an ancient piece of pottery or even an outmoded way of thinking -– that remains behind. Your dad might love his old albums, but to you, they're just relics.
The noun relic is derived from relinquere, Latin for "to leave behind." A crumbling Roman wall is a relic of a once-great civilization. The superstition that seven years of bad luck will follow if you break a mirror may be a relic of the old superstition that a mirror can trap the souls of those reflected in it. Whether it's an object or an idea, a relic is a remnant of the past. Religious relics are items, such as Buddha’s tooth or St. Anne’s wrist bone, that have been preserved and venerated.
WORD FAMILY
relic: relics
USAGE EXAMPLES
She thought it a relic, scrapped after it was depicted as an instrument of torture in the 1975 movie “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Looking at the volume, a children’s librarian said, “Oh, wow, this looks like, from a long time ago. .This is, like, a relic.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Family cemeteries, a relic of another age, continue to bind relatives in ways that today’s wealthy might wish for.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 遗物，遗迹; 废墟; 纪念物; [古生物]残遗体
分布：遗迹(72%)，纪念物(24%)，神圣的遗物(4%)
→来自古法语 relique,遗留物，来自拉丁语 reliquiae(-e,复数)，来自 relinquere,留下，留给，来 自 re-,向后，往回，linquere,留下，留给，词源同 delinquency,relinquish.引申诸相关词义。
noun countable
■an object, tradition or system from the past which continues to exist 遗物；遗迹；遗风；遗俗
• During the dig, the archeological team found some relics from the Stone Age. 在发掘过程中，考古队发现了一些石器时代的遗迹。
• The country's employment system is a relic of the 1960s when jobs were scarce. 这个国家的就业体制是20世纪60年代遗留的产物，那时工作机会非常稀少。
■a part of the body or something that belonged to a holy person 圣骨；圣物；圣徒遗物
• These bones are the relics of a 12th-century saint. 这些骸骨是一个生活在12世纪的圣徒的圣骨。
n. 遗迹，遗物；废墟；纪念物
 - remain, vestage

Word: deceive
Front: deceive
[dɪˈsi:v] (研四六托雅 8388/6916 -1)
Vocabulary: deceive
(once / 131 pages)
v
To deceive means to trick or lie. A crafty kid might deceive his mother into thinking he has a fever by holding the thermometer to a light bulb to increase the temperature.
Deceive is the trickier cousin of lie. You might lie about why you were late to school. But if you simply don't explain to your mom that you were late in the first place, you are deceiving her. Deceive carries with it a feeling of both craftiness and betrayal. When you deceive someone, forgiveness can be hard to come by. Have you heard of the spelling rule, "i before e except after c" that has so many exceptions? Well, deceive follows that rule.
WORD FAMILY
deceive: deceived, deceiver, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, undeceive+/deceiver: deceivers/deceiving: deceivingly/ deception: deceptions, self-deception/ deceptive: deceptively, deceptiveness/undeceive: undeceived, undeceives, undeceiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The suspect is facing charges of obstruction, false imprisonment, destruction of private property, impersonation to deceive law enforcement and two out-of-state felony warrants.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One of them later posted online: "How easy it is to deceive people, and how those who should carefully check information actually don't."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
This is unusual for a man trained to deceive and mislead, a man who is practiced in his profession.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 欺诈; 误导
时态：deceived, deceiving, deceives
分布：欺骗(92%)，行骗(8%)
→来自deceit, 欺骗。
欺骗[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
v.欺骗,蒙蔽He has deliberately deceived us.他有意地欺骗我们.
【记】刚刚receive了好吃的，就被deceive了，shit！
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to persuade someone that something false is the truth; to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage; to trick 欺骗，蒙骗；隐瞒
• The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones. 该公司用旧电脑冒充新机器欺骗顾客。
• The sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking they had gone out. 关门声让我以为他们己经出门了。
deceive yourself [R]
■to refuse to accept the truth 自欺欺人，欺骗自己
• She thinks he'll come back, but she's deceiving herself. 她认为他会回来，实际上她是在自欺欺人。
[dɪ'si:v] verb transitive
Are my eyes deceiving me?
■something you say when you cannot believe what you see 我眼前的一切是真的吗？
• Is that snow in May, or are my eyes deceiving me? 那是五月雪，是真的吗？
deceive, cheat, hide, conceal
deceive: 不告诉实情
cheat: 不诚实手段获取个人利益；
hide: 不含故意的意思；
conceal: 故意隐藏；
deceive, cheat, trick, fool
这组词都有“欺骗”的意思，其区别是：
deceive: 最普通用词，指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。
cheat: 普通用词，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。
trick: 指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。
fool: 指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。
v. 欺骗；行骗
 - take in sb, give the shaft

Word: hype
Front: hype
[haɪp] (8395/12443 -2)
Vocabulary: hype
(once / 3859 pages)
nv
As a noun, hype means extravagant claims about a person or product. All the hype about a miraculous new kind of mop might influence you to buy one, but after trying it out you'll realize it's just a mop.
Experts speculate that the word hype may be a back formation of hyperbole, or it may come from hyper — old-fashioned slang for a person who swindled someone. As a verb, to hype something is to blatantly promote it. If you hype your favorite restaurant enough, your friends will finally try it. If they all hate it, though, they might never listen to you again!
WORD FAMILY
hype: hyped, hypes, hyping
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first I instantly thought it was marketing hype but slowly the story intrigued me and I began searching online.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Prefight hype is a combat sports tradition, the foundation of promotional pull.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 天花乱坠的广告宣传
vt. 大肆宣传; 夸张地宣传（某人或某事物）
分布：炒作(58%)，大肆宣传(35%)，刺激(5%)，吸毒成瘾的人(1%)，夸大的广告宣传(1%)
→俚语词，可能来自希腊语hyper,超过的，过度的，词源同super.
noun uncountable informal
■when something is advertised and discussed in newspapers, on television, etc. all the time in order to attract everyone's interest （新闻媒体的）大肆宣传，炒作
• media hype 媒体炒作
• There's been a lot of hype around/surrounding his latest film. 大规模的宣传都围绕着他的最新电影进行。
• I've been put off reading the book by all the hype. 所有的宣传炒作令我对这本书产生反感。
[haɪp] verb transitive often passive (also hype up)
■to repeatedly advertise and discuss something in newspapers, on television, etc. in order to attract everyone's interest （透过新闻媒体）大肆宣传，炒作
• It's being hyped as the musical event of the year. 它正被炒作成年度音乐盛事。
[haɪp] verb transitive often passive (also hype up)
  Phrasal Verbs  hype sb up
■to make someone feel very excited 使（某人）兴奋；使（某人）激动
• She took pills to keep her awake, to help her sleep, to calm her down and to hype her up. 无论她要保持清醒还是入眠，要平静下来还是兴奋，都得靠药物帮助。
n. 大肆宣传；皮下注射
 - subcutaneous injection, hypodermic injection
vt. 大肆宣传；使…兴奋
 - warm

Word: acting
Front: acting
[ˈæktɪŋ] (托 8387/8764 -2)
Back: adj. 代理的; 起作用的; 活动着的; 产生影响的
n. 表演; 演技; 装腔作势; 做作
vt. 举止合宜：使举止与…相称; 扮演：担任…的角色; 表演; 假装
vi. 举动，举止; 扮演，担当; 矫揉造作，假装; 行动，运作
分布：演技(44%)，演戏(23%)，代理的(15%)，假装(9%)，临时的(7%)，动词act的现在分词.(1%)，供演出用的(1%)
演技[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
noun uncountable
■the job of performing in films or plays 表演，演戏
• He wants to get into acting. 他想从事演艺工作。
['æk.tɪŋ] adjective
acting chairman/manager, etc.
■someone who does a job for a short time while the person who usually does that job is not there 代理主席／经理等
• He'll be the acting director until they can appoint a permanent one. 在他们任命正式董事之前，他将代理这个职位元。
adj. 代理的；装腔作势的
 - agent, deputy
n. 演技；演戏；假装
 - simulation, histrionism

Word: vodka
Front: vodka
[ˈvɒdkə] (8392/12062 -1)
Back: n. 伏特加酒
分布：伏特加酒(100%)
→来自俄语vodka,小水，精致的水，词源同water,-ka,小词后缀，词源同troika,三驾马车。
US ['vɑ:d-] noun countable or uncountable
■a colourless strong alcoholic drink made especially from grain or potatoes 伏特加（酒）
• "What would you like to drink?" "Vodka and tonic please." “你想喝点甚么？”“加奎宁水的伏特加。”
• This is my third vodka (= glass of vodka). 这是我的第三杯伏特加了。

Word: programmer
Front: programmer
[ˈprəʊgræmə(r)] (8400/8223)
Vocabulary: programmer
(once / 5157 pages)
n
Someone who writes software or programs for computers is called a programmer. If you develop an application for mobile devices, you can also call yourself a programmer.
Programmers use a variety of computer languages to write the code (or instructions) that helps computers do the things their users want them to do. There are programmers who specialize in specific languages which are useful in various industries — some are used by financial institutions and others by scientists, for example. Evidence of the dramatic way things change over time is clear from the shift in this word's meaning: in 1890, a programmer was an "event planner."
WORD FAMILY
programmer: programmers+/ program: programing, programmer, programmes, programs, subprogram/subprogram: subprograms
USAGE EXAMPLES
People in high-skill positions such as computer programmers and Wall Street traders were winners.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“And it produces a lot of computer programmers. And this is the reason why there are a lot of Russian hackers.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And we don’t need additional staffers — unless they are computer programmers.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [计] 程序设计者; 程序设计器; 节目编排者; 订计划者
分布：程序员(98%)，程序器(1%)，节目编排者(1%)
US ['proʊ.græm.ɚ] (also computer programmer)
noun countable
■a person whose job is to produce computer programs （电脑的）程式编制员，程式设计师

Word: eligibility
Front: eligibility
[ˌelɪdʒə'bɪlətɪ] (8386/12769)
Vocabulary: eligibility
(once / 5623 pages)
n
If you're qualified for something or allowed to take part in it, you have eligibility. Having a valid driver's license means you have the eligibility to drive a car.
The noun eligibility is good for describing the state of being qualified for or worthy of something. You might have the eligibility to take an upper level computer class, but not have the eligibility to take advanced Arabic, for example. Eligibility comes from the adjective eligible, which comes from the Middle French, meaning "fit to be chosen." The Latin root word is eligere, "choose."
WORD FAMILY
eligibility: eligibilities+/ eligible: eligibility, eligibly, ineligible /ineligibility: ineligibilities/ ineligible: ineligibility
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smart also must replace three starting offensive linemen, but defensive back Maurice Smith was the only starter on defense to complete his eligibility.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It also allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility, with the federal government paying most of the cost for new beneficiaries.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The process to determine eligibility for state job assistance, for example, is lengthy and complex.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 适任，合格; 被选举资格
分布：合格(78%)，有资格(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
有资格的;符合条件的;有能力的
Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it, for example because they are old enough.
例：Almost half the population are eligible to vote in today's election...大约有一半人有资格参加今天的选举投票。
例：You could be eligible for a university scholarship.你也许有资格获得大学奖学金。
ADJ-GRADED
（作为结婚对象）合适的，中意的
An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.
例：He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan.他是日本最为抢手的单身汉。
n. 适任，合格；被选举资格
 - eligible for, qualitication

Word: downturn
Front: downturn
[ˈdaʊntɜ:n] (六 8416/12217 -1)
Vocabulary: downturn
(once / 2153 pages)
n
A dip or reduction in an economic measure is a downturn. If a company makes less money than it did last year, for example, that's a downturn.
You'll often find the word downturn in business or economic news, describing the country's entire economy, or the activity of a particular sector of the economy. If car sales decline, that's a downturn, and if fewer homes are sold, it's a downturn in the housing market. Ever since the mid-1920s, the word downturn has been commonly used by economists and business reporters.
WORD FAMILY
downturn: downturns
USAGE EXAMPLES
During downturns, businesses typically cut capital investment—spending that increases or improves physical assets like buildings, equipment and computers.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The downturn for Nebraska farms and ranches crept into small town main streets across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a rare bit of good news for Wyoming’s mining industry, hit hard by a downturn in coal and a recent BLM coal-leasing moratorium.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. （价格或活动）开始下降; 衰退，低迷时期
分布：低迷时期(100%)
US [-tɝ:n] noun countable usually singular
■a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as a country's economic activity 衰退，渐入低迷
• the continuing economic downturn 经济的持续衰退
• There is evidence of a downturn in the housing market. 房产市场出现了衰退的迹象。
Compare upturn
n. 衰退（经济方面）；低迷时期
 - recession, decline

Word: crane
Front: crane
[kreɪn] (研四六 8390/8536 -2)
Vocabulary: crane
(once / 1811 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A crane is an elegant white bird with a very long neck. You're most likely to see cranes wading near shorelines and in marshy areas.
There are fifteen species of cranes, and almost all of them are endangered. Cranes are known for their odd mating dances and for the fact that they typically mate for life. When you crane your neck, you stretch it in order to get a better view of something — like a crane might do. The tall machine also known as a crane is clearly named for the long-necked bird as well.
WORD FAMILY
crane: craned, cranes, craning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Men moved steel plate and I-beams with cranes that ran on tracks in the floor.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Decker says Union Pacific plans to use a crane to put the train back on the tracks but that likely won’t happen until Thursday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The seaport in Hodeidah — where much of what northwestern Yemen imports and humanitarian aid arrives — was also attacked, disabling giant cranes and other equipment.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 吊车，起重机; 鹤
vt. & vi. 伸长，探头
vi. 迟疑，踌躇
时态：craned, craning, cranes
分布：起重机(70%)，鹤(27%)，起吊(2%)，犹豫(1%)
→来自gere, 鸣叫，拟声词。比较crow, cock, raven.
n.起重机,鹤In the lane the planer saw a planet airplane under the crane.在巷道里,刨工看见了起重机下的行星飞机.
noun countable
MACHINE 机器
■a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part which is used for lifting and moving heavy objects 起重机，吊车
• The crane lifted the container off the ship. 起重机吊起了船上的集装箱。
[kreɪn] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck 鹤
[kreɪn] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to stretch in order to look at something 伸长（脖子），探着身子（看）
• He craned forward to see the procession. 他伸长脖子看游行队伍。
• Mike was craning his neck to get the first glimpse of the car. 麦克伸长脖子，想抢先一睹那辆汽车的风采。
n. 吊车， [机] 起重机； [鸟] 鹤
 - suspended ceiling, derrick
vi. 伸着脖子看；迟疑，踌躇
 - hesitate, stand at

Word: coating
Front: coating
[ˈkəʊtɪŋ] (8389/7891 -1)
Back: n. 涂层，覆盖层; （食品上的）面衣，糖衣，涂料; 外衣布料上衣料，细呢，花呢
v. 给…穿上外衣; 覆盖; “coat”的现在分词
分布：涂层(98%)，衣料(2%)
→来自coat, 遮盖。
N-COUNT
涂层;覆盖层
A coating of a substance is a thin layer of it spread over a surface.
例：Under the coating of dust and cobwebs, he discovered a fine French Louis XVI clock.在一层灰尘和蜘蛛网底下，他发现了一座精美的法国路易十六时期的时钟。
例：...fluffy chocolate mousse, topped off with a crisp chocolate coating.松软的巧克力慕斯，顶上盖着一层脆皮巧克力
n. [涂料] 涂层；包衣；衣料
 - Dacromet, paintcoat

Word: pod
Front: pod
[pɒd] (宝 8381/12531 -1)
Vocabulary: pod
(once / 2252 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A pod is a case that holds a plant's seeds. When you buy fresh peas from the farmer's market, they come still in their pod.
In many plants, seeds grow in groups, nestled within a pod. Peas are one such plant, and many other legumes and flowers have seed pods as well. The expression "two peas in a pod" refers to the way seeds are clustered together within the pod, and means "very similar to each other." Pod comes from the fifteenth century term podware, "seed of legumes or grain."
WORD FAMILY
pod: podded, podding, podlike, pods
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said coffee shops were a popular choice, and there were now office "pods", offering access to facilities such as the internet.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Russ Mullins says the drone was 20 to 30 yards over a pod of whales.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
One of the most difficult engineering problems is designing a braking system that would bring the pod to a rapid stop.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 荚，豆荚; （飞机的）吊舱; （航天器或船只上可与船只主体分离的）分离舱
vi. 结豆荚
vt. 把（豆等）剥出荚; 去荚
时态：podded, podding, pods
分布：豆荚(78%)，分离舱(22%)
→来自中古英语pod,豆荚，豆壳，来自古英语pad,外衣，斗篷，覆盖，来自Proto-Germanic*paido,外衣，外套，来自baite,羊毛衣服。
【记】源于词根pod＝ped脚，两个脚丫合在一起－豆荚
US [pɑ:d] noun countable
PLANT PART 植物的一部分
■a long, narrow, flat part of some plants, such as beans and peas, which contains the seeds and usually has a thick skin 荚；荚果
• seed pods 心皮
• a pea/vanilla pod 豌豆荚／香子兰荚
UK [pɒd] US [pɑ:d] noun countable
AIRCRAFT PART 飞行器的一部分
■a long narrow container which is fixed to an aircraft for carrying engines, weapons, extra fuel, etc 吊舱；（翼梢等上的）发射架；副油箱
• an escape/storage/accommodation pod 逃生／储藏／住宿舱
• a space pod 太空舱
n. 蚕茧；豆荚
 - peapod, bean-pod

Word: democratization
Front: democratization
[dɪˌmɒkrətaɪ'zeɪʃn] (8428/27949)
Back: n. 民主化
分布：民主化(100%)
VERB
(使）(国家或制度)民主化
If a country or a system is democratized, it is made democratic.
例：...a further need to democratize the life of society as a whole...进一步从整体上加强社会生活民主化的需要
例：When he left his native country, he said he would not return until it had been fully democratised.离开祖国时，他说直到国家完全实现民主化后他才会回来。

Word: decree
Front: decree
[dɪˈkri:] (六托雅宝 8412/5485 -2)
Vocabulary: decree
(once / 237 pages)
nv
Look carefully! A decree isn't something you get when you graduate. That one little letter change makes it something else altogether: a legally binding command or the announcement of such a thing.
If you go back far enough, a decree referred to a decision handed down by the Roman emperor. In more modern usage, a divorce decree is the document issued by a court that terminates a marriage. And if you want to go out with someone on a date, but things keep preventing you from having the chance to ask, you could say that fate did not decree it to be so.
WORD FAMILY
decree: decreed, decreeing, decrees
USAGE EXAMPLES
This month its 31 million people lurched a big step closer to that breaking point, thanks to another senseless decree by its autocratic populist government.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The government in November published a draft decree “to prevent further reduction” of the National Fund.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Perhaps this is the wisdom of grandparents, who lived in areas where wine was consumed daily but the selection was meager and decreed by custom.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 法令，命令; （法院的）判决，裁定; （教会的）教令
vt. 命令; 颁布…为法令; （命运）注定; 裁决
vi. 发布命令; 注定
时态：decreed, decreeing, decrees
分布：法令(48%)，颁布(20%)，判决(17%)，裁定(8%)，注定(7%)
→de-, 向下。-cree, 分开，词源同crisis, certain. 用来指裁决，法令。拼写比较degree, agree.
【记】和decry（v 谴责）一起记de向下，cree＝creed（n 信条）：向下颁布的信条－法令
noun countable or uncountable formal
■an official statement that something must happen 法令，政令；命令
• The decree stopped short of a full declaration of independence. 这项法令差点儿就宣布完全独立了。
• More than 200 people were freed by military decree. 军方下令释放200多人。
[dɪ'kri:] verb transitive
■to officially state that something must happen 法令，政令；命令
• They decreed an end to discrimination on grounds of age. 他们下令不准再有年龄歧视。
• [+ that] The local council has decreed that the hospital should close. 当地议会下令关闭那间医院。
n. [法] 法令；判决
 - sentence, award, act, ordinance
vt. 命令；颁布；注定；判决
 - require, order, command, determine, fate
vi. 注定；发布命令
 - be doomed to, issue an order

Word: vie
Front: vie
[vaɪ] (托宝 8399/13731 -1)
Vocabulary: vie
(once / 719 pages)
v
To vie for something means to compete for it. Two teams may vie for the gold medal, but one will have to go home with silver.
Vie may be spelled the same as the French word, vie, but they are pronounced differently, vī and vē respectively, and are not related in meaning or history. English vie comes from the Latin verb meaning "to invite" as in to invite a challenge. Be careful of the spelling which includes an ie to y shift. “He intends to vie for the top prize,” but “He is vying for the top prize.”
WORD FAMILY
vie: viable, vied, vieing, vies, vying+/ viable: nonviable, viability, viably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But attention in the heavily Republican state is focused on the potential pool of candidates who will vie for the GOP nomination.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
By Friday, news of an imminent departure vied in the pages of Toronto papers with urgent appeals for public donations of socks for the men.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In this way, China is not unlike other countries, including the United States, where states and cities vie for companies.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 竞争
vt. 使竞争; 作较量; 下赌注
时态：vied, vying, vies
分布：竞争(100%)
→缩写自拉丁语invitare,挑战，竞争，词源同invite.
【记】V胜利，IE：在IE浏览器为了争夺V的竞争大家都知道吧。
【参】vying（adj 竞争的；vie的现在分词）
(vying, vied, vied)
verb intransitive
■to compete with other people to achieve or get something 竞争；争夺
• Six candidates are currently vying for the Democratic presidential nomination. 六名候选人目前正在争夺民主党的总统候选人提名资格。
• The two older children tend to vie with the younger one for their mother's attention. 两个大一点的孩子正在和小的争宠，都想博得妈妈的注意。
• [+ to infinitive] The two groups of scientists are vying to get funding for their research projects. 两组科学家都在为各自的研究专案计划争取资金。
vi. 争；竞争
 - contest, cope

Word: present
Front: present
[ˈpreznt] (中高雅 817/678 -K2)
Vocabulary: present
(once / 10 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3nv 4v 5v 6v
The word present has multiple meanings, most of which concern giving (a present is a gift) or time (the present is right now).
The verb present might mean to deliver something like a speech, or perform something like a play. On formal occasions, when we present someone, we introduce them, usually to a group or to the public. Present might also mean "to submit" or "hand over." In grammar, the present tense expresses actions or states occurring at the time we're speaking of them, that is to say, at this moment.
WORD FAMILY
present: presence, presentable, presentation, presented, presenter, presenting, presently, presentment, presentness, presents+/ presence: presences/ presentable: presentably, unpresentable/ presentation: presentational, presentations/presenter: presenters/presentment: presentments/unpresentable: unpresentably
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in July, the company will present a free production in a to-be-determined Seattle park.
Seattle Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The purpose of the press is to inform and educate, not mislead with incomplete information presented as facts.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
They presented a somber vision of the turtles’ potential extinction and discussed ways to prevent that.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 现在的; 目前的; 出席的; [语法学]现在时的
n. 现在; 礼物; 瞄准
时态：presented, presenting, presents
分布：礼物(33%)，现在(25%)，现在的(12%)，提出(12%)，呈现(6%)，出席的(4%)，当前的(4%)，赠送(3%)，存在的(1%)
→来自法语present,在场的，当前的，来自拉丁语praesentem,在场的，当前的，来自拉丁语praeesse,当前，在前，在场，在边上，来自prae,在前，在前面，esse,存在，成为，是，词源同is,essence,absent.-ent,现在分词后缀。present 提出，提交，展现，展示，出席，主持，颁奖，礼物
a.出席的,现在的n.现在,礼物v.赠送,提出Presently the present is presented to the representative.现在这份礼物已呈现在代表面前.
noun]ˈprez.ənt/
SOMETHING GIVEN 给予之物
 ESSENTIAL countable (UK informal prezzie) (or pressie)
■something which you are given, without asking for it, on a special occasion, especially to show friendship, or to say thank you （尤指表示友谊或致谢的）礼物，赠品
• a birthday/Christmas/wedding present 生日／圣诞／结婚礼物
• They gave me theatre tickets as a present. 他们送给我戏票作为礼物。
noun]ˈprez.ənt/
NOW 现在
the present only singular
 ESSENTIAL
■the period of time which is happening now, not the past or the future; now 现在，目前
• That's all for the present. 暂时就讲这些。
• The play is set in the present. 这出戏以当代为背景。
⇒ See also presently
at present formal
■now 现在，目前
• "Are you busy?" "Not at present." “你忙吗？”“现在不忙。”
• At present she's working abroad. 她目前在国外工作。
adjective]ˈprez.ənt/
IN A PLACE 在场的
 ESSENTIAL [after verb]
■in a particular place 出席的，在场的，存在的
• The whole family was present. 全家人都在场。
• There were no children present. 没有孩子在场。
adjective]ˈprez.ənt/
NOW 现在
[before noun]
■happening or existing now 现在的，目前的
• I don't have her present address. 我不知道她现在的地址。
• Please state your present occupation and salary. 请说出你目前的职业和薪水。
adjective]ˈprez.ənt/
present company excepted
■used to show that a criticism or a rude remark does not refer to the people you are talking to 在座诸位除外
• People here just don't know how to dress, present company excepted. 这里的人不知道如何穿衣打扮，在座诸位除外。
verb transitive /prɪˈzent/
GIVE 给予
 ESSENTIAL
■to give, provide or make known 赠送，授予；提交；展现
• The winners were presented with medals. 获胜者被授予奖牌。
• The letter presented the family with a problem that would be difficult to solve. 这封信给这家人提出了一个难题。
• The documentary presented us with a balanced view of the issue. 这部纪录片向我们呈现了对这个问题的客观看法。
• He presented the report to his colleagues at the meeting. 他在会议上向同事们做出报告。
• The classroom presented a cheerful busy atmosphere to the visitors (= appeared to them to have this). 全班在访客面前展现出一派快乐繁忙的氛围。
• The school is presenting (= performing) 'West Side Story' as its end-of-term production. 学校将上演《西城故事》作为期末作品。
verb transitive /prɪˈzent/
INTRODUCE 介绍
 ADVANCED UK
■to introduce a television or radio show 主持播出（电视或广播节目）
• She presents the late-night news. 她主持午夜新闻。
■formal
■to introduce a person 引见，介绍
• May I present Professor Carter? 请允许我介绍卡特教授。
• Later on I'd like to present you to the headteacher. 过一会儿我会把你引见给校长。
present yourself
■to arrive somewhere and introduce yourself 出现，到场
• He presented himself at the doctor's at 9.30 a.m. as arranged. 他早上9点30分依约去了医生那里。
present itself [R]
■If something presents itself, it happens 发生，出现，呈现
• An opportunity suddenly presented itself. 突然出现了一个良机。
modern, present, up-to-date, contemporary, current, recent
这组词都有“现代的，当代的”的意思，其区别是：
modern: 指现代或近代，时期可长可短。也可指新颖、时髦的。
present: 是这些词中语气最强的一个。指现在正发生、起作用的。
up-to-date: 一般用于非正式场合，指很时新、能反映当前的最新发展。
contemporary: 仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代。但可表示不同的人或物存在于同一时代。
current: 指目前存在和发生的。
recent: 表示新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰的人或物而定。
equip, furnish, present, provide, volunteer, propose, supply, offer, afford
equip: 侧重提供与技术有关的装备或设备等
furnish: 多指添置家具等供给生活的必需品或为生活舒适提供所需的服务设施
present: 既可指提出意见建议等，又可指拿出某物供人欣赏或赠送
provide: 与supply近义，但强调人的深谋远虑，侧重用贮备等方法作充分准备
volunteer: 侧重出于自愿，而不是奉命做某事
propose: 指直接而主动地提出问题或建议等，也指在讨论或争辩中提出具体意见或建议
supply: 普通用词，指提供任何所需求的东西
offer: 多指主动提出或提供意见或东西等，但是否接受由对方自行决定
afford: 一般只用于对抽象事物提供，也可指经济能力上的供给或支付
present, gift, souvenir, tip
这组词都有“礼物，赠品”的意思，其区别是：
present: 普通用词，指给亲朋好友的礼物，赠者与被赠者之间存在某种个人关系，所赠礼物一般不是很昂贵的。
gift: 含义广，既可指真诚相送的礼物、赠品或生日、节日礼物，又可指捐赠的物品或捐款等。
souvenir: 指对人、物、地点或事件有纪念意义的礼物或纪念品。
tip: 指为酬谢他人服务而给的小费。
confer, present, endow, grant, give, award, accord, bestow
这组词都有“给予，赠给”的意思，其区别是：
confer: 通常指授予称号或学位等。
present: 指正式地给予或授予，通常伴有仪式进行。
endow: 指捐赠大量的钱作基金，也可指给予非物质的东西。
grant: 多指出于慷慨、怜悯或正义感而给予，并且通常是在被请求下给予。
give: 最普通用词，泛指将自己的东西给予他人，所给予的东西，物质或非物质的均可。
award: 通常暗示所给予的东西是接受者应得的，而且给予者往往是具有裁判权力的。
accord: 侧重所给予的是应得的或是恰当的，或是因某种原因而适于接受的。
bestow: 正式用词，指把某物作为礼物赠送于某人，也可作引申用。
vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送
 - prefer, file, advance, recommend, assume
adj. 现在的；出席的
 - current, now
n. 现在；礼物；瞄准
 - gift, giving, aiming, training, tribute

Word: jeopardy
Front: jeopardy
[ˈdʒepədi] (托宝 8398/11530 -1)
Vocabulary: jeopardy
(once / 1434 pages)
n
To be in jeopardy is to be in danger. Eating three plates of nachos a day may improve your chances of winning your office's nacho-eating contest; unfortunately, it could also put your health in jeopardy.
Jeopardy is a state of being, so this word is almost always preceded by the preposition "in." The phrase "in jeopardy" is just one of several ways to convey that someone is in trouble. You can also try "at risk," "in danger," or — if you're into idioms — "on thin ice," "out on a limb," or "up the creek without a paddle."
WORD FAMILY
jeopardy: jeopardies, jeopardise, jeopardize +/jeopardise: jeopardised, jeopardises, jeopardising/ jeopardize: jeopardized, jeopardizes, jeopardizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because it is for each issue involved — the violence, alcoholism, mental incompetence and legal jeopardy — much less for all of them combined.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Attorney Ben Andrew Mondragon said he plans to move for his client’s case to be dismissed under double jeopardy.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The coaches say they understand losing will always put their jobs in jeopardy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 危险; 危险境地; 被告在法庭上有被判罪的危险
分布：危险(100%)
→来自古法语jeu parti,一种机会平等的赌博游戏，来自jeu,赌博，玩乐，词源同joke,parti,分开，均等，词源同par,part.引申词义危险，风险，危害。比较dicey,hazard.
【记】读：jeo趴地，趴在地上是因为有危险。
【参】jeopardize（v 危害）
US [-ɚ-] noun
in jeopardy
■in danger of being damaged or destroyed 处于危险之中
• The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spillage. 石油泄漏使成千上万只鸟儿的生命受到威胁。
n. 危险；（被告处于被判罪或受处罚的）危险境地
 - risk, hazard

Word: collaborator
Front: collaborator
[kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r)] (8415/11878 -1)
Back: n. 协作者，合作者; 通敌者
分布：合作者(90%)，通敌者(7%)，合著者(3%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
ENEMY SUPPORTER 敌方的支持者 disapproving
■a person who works with an enemy who has taken control of their country 通敌分子，卖国贼
• wartime collaborators 战争期间的通敌者
• a Nazi collaborator 与纳粹勾结的人
UK [kə'læb.ə.reɪ.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
WORKING WITH 与…一起工作
■a person who works together with others for a special purpose （为了特殊目的的）合作者
• a new production by Andrew Davies and collaborators 安德鲁‧戴维斯及其合作者推出的一部新作
n. [劳经] 合作者；勾结者；通敌者
 - cooperator, helpmeet

Word: unfinished
Front: unfinished
[ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt] (8409/9507 -1)
Back: adj. 未做完的; 未完成的; 未润饰的; 未整理的
分布：未完成的(96%)，未经最后加工的(4%)
adjective
■not ended or completed 未完成的
unfinished business
■a matter, especially a disagreement, that is not yet decided or agreed 未决事务；（尤指）未解决的分歧
• I still have some unfinished business with you. 我跟你还有些事情没处理完。
adj. 未完成的
 - uncompleted, atelic

Word: materialize
Front: materialize
[məˈtɪəriəlaɪz] (宝 8408/15131 -1)
Vocabulary: materialize
(once / 2838 pages)
v
When you materialize, you show up suddenly after being missing, unborn, or unseen. Think of Harry Potter removing his invisibility cloak. He materializes.
Living things aren't the only things that materialize. Car keys and reading glasses materialize when you've been searching for them for a while and then they are suddenly there on the table. If you're lucky an unexpected business deal will materialize. Like material, the word is related to the Latin word meaning "matter." Matter, is, of course, all the stuff of this earth, anything and everything that takes form. So to materialize is to take form.
WORD FAMILY
materialize: dematerialize, materialization, materialized, materializes, materializing+/dematerialise: dematerialised, dematerialises/dematerialize: dematerialized, dematerializes, dematerializing/ immaterial: immaterialise, immateriality, immaterialize, immaterially/immaterialise: immaterialised/immaterialize: immaterialized, immaterializes/ material: immaterial, materialise, materialism, materiality, materialize, materially, materials, nonmaterial/materialisation: materialisations/materialise: dematerialise, materialisation, materialised, materialises, materialising/ materialism: materialisms, materialist, materialistic /materialist: materialists/ materialistic: materialistically/materiality: materialities/materialization: materializations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Dayton vetoed the package due to a costly wording error, and plans to revive it in special session never materialized.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Not surprisingly, the supposed connection between greater prosperity and democratic politics failed to materialize.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In 1957, the New York Times opined in a front-page article, “It is highly improbably that the Second Avenue subway will ever materialize.’
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 具体化; 实质化，实现; 形体化; 突然出现
vt. 使成真，实现; 是物质化，使具体化
时态：materialized, materializing, materializes
分布：实现(60%)，出现(20%)，具体化(14%)，成为现实(4%)，成有形(2%)
→来自material,物质，-ize,使。即使成为客观的物质和事实，引申词义使实现，发生。
赋予…形体(material物质+ize)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
US [-'tɪr.i-] verb intransitive
■If an object materializes, it appears suddenly 突然出现
• Suddenly a lorry appeared in front of her - it seemed to materialize out of nowhere. 一辆卡车突然出现在她面前——仿佛是从地下冒出来的。
■If an idea or hope materializes, it becomes real 实现，成为现实
• She was promised a promotion but it never materialized. 他们承诺过会擢升她，但却从未兑现。
• Her hopes of becoming a painter never materialized. 她当画家的愿望一直未实现。
vt. 使具体化，使有形；使突然出现；使重物质而轻精神
 - embody, reify
vi. 实现，成形；突然出现
 - come true, deliver

Word: hop
Front: hop
[hɒp] (研六雅 5647/7840 -2)
Vocabulary: hop
(once / 401 pages)
1vn 2n
To hop is to bounce or jump, either on one foot or both feet. Bunnies hop. People hop. And, sometimes, people do a dance called the "Bunny Hop." No joke.
If you lose a shoe in a rainstorm, you might hop along on one foot until you find it again. You can also hop into and out of things, or up to or down from a height: "Hop in the car, let's go!" Something that's "a hop, skip, and a jump" from where you are is extremely close, a short trip. The Old English root of hop is hoppian, "to spring, leap, or dance."
WORD FAMILY
hop: hopped, hopper, hopping, hops+/ hopper: hoppers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did you hop in the shower, check your email or grab a doughnut?
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
I hopped a flight and drove to the Navajo Nation.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He hopped through the back of the end zone and did a little dance in front of the Ohio State section.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 跳上[下]; 单足蹦跳; 齐足（或双足）跳行; 摘葎草花
vt. 跃过; 登上（飞机、汽车、火车等）; 在…跳来跳去; 加啤酒花于
n. 跳舞; 蹦跳; （棒球等的）弹跳; （非正式）舞会
vt. & vi. 换来换去，不断更换
时态：hopped, hopping, hops
分布：跳跃(76%)，单脚跳(24%)
→来自古英语hoppian,跳，弹，跳舞，来自Proto-Germanic*huppona,跳，来自keub,弯，转，词源同hoop,cubit,cooper.
v.人单足跳;跳上(车等)n.蹦跳;短程飞行A number of sparrows were hopping about.有一群麻雀到处跳跃着.
US [hɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to jump on one foot or to move about in this way 单脚跳
• I tried to hop on my good foot while holding onto Jim. 我抓住吉姆，并用我那只好脚努力向前跳。
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to go somewhere quickly or to get into or out of a vehicle quickly 快速去（某地）；快速跳上（或跳下）（车辆）
• We hopped over to Bruges for the weekend. 我们飞速赶到布鲁日去度周末。
• I hopped on the bus at the traffic lights. 我在红绿灯处匆匆跳上公共汽车。
intransitive
■If a small animal, bird or insect hops, it moves by jumping on all or two of its feet at the same time （鸟、兽或昆虫）蹦跳
• The rabbit/bird hopped across the grass. 兔子／鸟蹦跳着穿过草地。
UK [hɒp] US [hɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
hop it UK old-fashioned informal
■used to tell someone to go away 走开
UK [hɒp] US [hɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
hopping mad old-fashioned
■very angry 暴怒
UK [hɒp] US [hɑ:p] noun
JUMP 跳跃
countable
■a short jump by a person on one foot, or by a small animal, bird or insect on all or two of its feet at the same time 单足短距离跳跃；（小动物、鸟或昆虫的）齐足（或双足）短距离跳跃
• With his feet tied together he could only move in little hops. 他双脚被捆在一起，只能小步跳。
be a short hop informal
■to be a short journey or distance, especially in an aircraft 短程旅行（尤指搭飞机）
• London to Edinburgh is just a short hop by plane. 搭飞机的话，从伦敦到爱丁堡只是很短的一程。
UK [hɒp] US [hɑ:p] noun
PLANT 植物
hops
[plural]
■the dried fruits of a climbing plant which are used to give a bitter flavour to beer 啤酒花
UK [hɒp] US [hɑ:p] noun
catch sb on the hop UK informal
■to do something when someone is not ready for it and is not able to deal with it 使（某人）措手不及
• I'm afraid you've caught me on the hop - I wasn't expecting you till next week. 恐怕你让我有点措手不及——我以为你下周才会来。
UK [hɒp] US [hɑ:p] adjective [before noun]
■relating to hops 啤酒花的
• a hop plant 啤酒花植株
skip, hop, spring, bound, leap, jump
这组词都有“跳，跳跃”的意思，其区别是：
skip: 指两脚交替轻地跳或跨的动作。
hop: 指单脚短跳或双足猛力的动作。也指小鸟、青蛙等的跳。
spring: 更强调有力和弹跳的运动。
bound: 多指向前向上或向下跳跃、奔跳。
leap: 常可与jump换用，但侧重身体猛力向上升起并朝前急冲的动作，有时含突然的意味。
jump: 是普通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。
vt. [计] [通信] 跳跃；跳过
 - jump, clear
n. [计] [通信] 跳跃；舞会；短途旅行
 - jump, ball, dance, spring
vi. [计] [通信] 跳跃；单脚跳；作短途旅行
 - jump, dance

Word: anguish
Front: anguish
[ˈæŋgwɪʃ] (研托宝 8411/7720 -1)
Vocabulary: anguish
(once / 342 pages)
nv
The noun anguish refers to severe physical or emotional pain or distress. A trip to the dentist might cause a cavity-prone person a lot of anguish.
We get this word from a Latin word, angustus, which literally meant "narrow" but developed the figurative sense of "distressed" — think of being choked off or forced into a small space. In modern times anguish has been in the English with the parallel and related meanings of "physical torment" and "emotional suffering." Both kinds might be experienced at the hands of a dentist who likes to make his patients squirm in agony.
WORD FAMILY
anguish: anguished, anguishes, anguishing+/anguished: anguishedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was puzzled when some were anguished that their mothers weren’t home for holidays and family events.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
These are false and forced frameworks, providing illusory freedom, as time provides illusory leniency when we, in anguish, let it pass monotonously.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
What binds the scenes together is Rodrigues, bearing witness and—so he hopes and prays—sharing in the anguish of his flock.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 痛苦; 苦恼; 伤心; 令人心酸
vt. 使极度痛苦; 使苦恼; 悲痛万分
vi. 感到极度的痛苦; 苦恼
时态：anguished, anguishing, anguishes
分布：痛苦(92%)，苦闷(8%)
苦恼的[angu,anx=distress(苦恼)]
n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼Her heart anguished within her.她的心中非常痛苦.
【记】我的方法太粗俗：买an特别gui的sh屎－极大痛苦
noun uncountable
■extreme unhappiness caused by physical or mental suffering （肉体或精神上的）极度痛苦，剧痛，悲痛
• His anguish at the outcome of the court case was very clear. 得知案件的庭审结果，他痛苦欲绝，这是显而易见的。
• In her anguish she forgot to leave a message. 万分悲痛之中，她忘了留个口信。
sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, torment, distress, misery, torture
这组词都有“苦恼、痛苦”的意思，其区别是：
sorrow: 语气比grief弱，指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。
agony: 侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。
grief: 指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。
anguish: 指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦；用于身体时，多指局部或暂时的痛苦。
torment: 强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。
distress: 多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦，也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦。
misery: 着重痛苦的可悲状态，多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。
torture: 语气比toment强，指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。
n. 痛苦；苦恼
 - smart, hurt
vt. 使极度痛苦
 - agonize

Word: lesion
Front: lesion
[ˈli:ʒn] (宝 8422/6820 -1)
Vocabulary: lesion
(once / 4180 pages)
n
A lesion is an injury to the living tissue on your body, like your skin or an organ. Usually a lesion involves a break or wound to the skin, so protect it with a bandage so that it heals quickly.
Lesion, pronounced "LEE-zhun," comes from the Latin word laesionem meaning "injury." Lesions on the skin are usually not very nice to look at, the kind of wounds that might make you grimace — things like open sores, cuts, deep scrapes or puss-filled gashes. Lesions also are a concern of doctors because if lesions develop without explanation, it can be a sign that your immune system is dangerously weak.
WORD FAMILY
lesion: lesions
USAGE EXAMPLES
After her arrival, they began flushing the wound with a saline solution and treating it with antibiotic ointments, but the lesion wouldn’t heal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Symptoms on infected trees include leaf loss, lesions in the wood and on the bark and ultimately the dieback of the crown of the tree.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
There, doctors found a cyst developing in her brain near problematic lesions, and decided to operate.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 损害; 身体器官组织的损伤; 感染性的皮肤
分布：损伤(53%)，损害(43%)，障碍(4%)
→来自拉丁语laedere,击，伤害，词源同elide,collide.
【记】读：利刃－用利刃割出伤口
['li:.ʒən] specialized
noun countable
■an injury to a person's body or to an organ inside their body （对人体或体内器官的）伤害，损伤
• skin/brain lesions 皮肤／大脑损伤
n. [医] 损害；身体上的伤害；机能障碍
 - injury, harm, damage

Word: grill
Front: grill
[grɪl] (高雅宝 5395/9117 -2)
Vocabulary: grill
(once / 1758 pages)
1vn 2v
Not all grilling involves fire and delicious food. Sometimes, to grill means to ask a person really intense questions, like when you suspect them of doing something wrong and you want to make them confess the truth.
Ever seen a film where a police officer puts a bright light in a criminal’s face and screams, “Did you do it?” That’s how you grill someone. You have to be tough on him, and not let him off the hook too easily. Being grilled means you are in the “hot seat,” and it’ll feel like you’re cooking from such a close examination. Better to grill than be grilled, but if you get caught — think of an alibi, quick!
WORD FAMILY
grill: grilled, grilling, grills+/grilling: grillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a new grill, a Christmas gift from his parents.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Sportsman” and the model type are printed on the side of the steering column and “Polaris” is printed near the front grill.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Weatherford Deputy Chief Chris Crawford says the officer and suspect scuffled in the parking lot of the Tequila Bar Y Grill prior to the shooting.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 烧烤
vt. 拷问，盘问
n. 烤架; 烤肉; 格板; 烧烤餐馆
时态：grilled, grilling, grills
分布：烤架(82%)，铁格子(10%)，拷问(8%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, grate, grid. 因形似编织经纬网而得名。
【记】gr＝grow，ill：grill可以使你grow ill
noun countable (US also broiler)
■the surface in a cooker which can be heated to very high temperatures and under which you put food to be cooked （炉具的）烤架，焙盘
■a frame of metal bars over a fire on which food can be put to be cooked （置于火上的）烤架
■mainly US
■an informal restaurant 烧烤店；烧烤餐馆
[grɪl] verb transitive
COOK 烹调 (US also broil)
■to cook something by direct heat, especially under a very hot surface in a cooker 烧烤，烤制
• I grilled the sausages. 我烤了香肠。
[grɪl] verb transitive
QUESTION 审问
■to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time 盘问；审问；拷问
• After being grilled by the police for two days, Johnson signed a confession. 被警方审问了两天后，约翰逊在供状上签字认罪。
• Her parents would grill her about where she'd been. 从前她父母会盘问她到哪里去了。
vt. 烧，烤；烤问
 - carbonado, to roast
vi. 烧，烤；严加盘问
 - to roast
n. 烤架，铁格子；烤肉
 - gridiron, bulgogi

Word: abstraction
Front: abstraction
[æbˈstrækʃn] (托 8413/7880 -1)
Vocabulary: abstraction
(once / 987 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
An abstraction is something nonspecific, a concept that isn't concrete. It can also refer to the state of mind in which a person is not paying attention to something but is lost in thought or daydreaming.
Abstraction is the noun from the adjective abstract, which derives from the Latin abstrahere "to divert." From that, we can get the idea that an abstraction is something that is drawn away from concrete reality. In the art world, an abstraction is a painting or musical piece created in the style of expressionism, in which a subject is not realistically presented or even recognized, but rather is suggested by an emotional flow of paint or music.
WORD FAMILY
abstraction: abstractionism, abstractions, semi-abstraction+/ abstract: abstracted, abstracter, abstracting, abstraction, abstractive, abstractly, abstractness, abstractor, abstracts, semiabstract/abstracted: abstractedly, abstractedness/abstractionism: abstractionist/abstractionist: abstractionists/abstractive: abstractively/abstractor: abstractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was working in abstractions, writing briefs for people she would never meet.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
She limited herself to two or three colours, painting interlocking abstractions where ovals met rectangles and triangles and semicircles, often set within a circular whole.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 抽象; 出神; 抽象概念; 抽象化
分布：抽象(95%)，抽象概念(3%)，心不在焉(2%)
抽象;发呆(思想被拉走)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
【参】abstracted（adj 心不在焉的）＝absentminded
【记】attention（n 注意；关心）
[æb'stræk.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when a subject is very general and not based on real situations 抽象
• She's always talking in abstractions. 她说话总是很抽象。
n. 抽象； [化工] [油气] [冶] 提取；抽象概念；空想；心不在焉
 - imagination, extracting

Word: commanding
Front: commanding
[kəˈmɑ:ndɪŋ] (8420/7646 -1)
Vocabulary: commanding
(once / 312 pages)
adj
Something that's commanding is lofty, high, or impressive. Your thirtieth-floor apartment gives you a commanding view of the city.
In the old days, noblemen built their castles up high on hills so they'd have commanding positions over the surrounding countryside: in other words, the height of the castle gave its inhabitants a certain sense of dominance, both symbolically and practically. In the 16th century, this adjective meant "nobly dignified," as a commander might be, and by about 1630, it came to mean "dominant by virtue of size or position."
WORD FAMILY
commanding: commandingly+/ command: commandant, commanded, commander, commanding, commandment, commands, self-command/ commandant: commandants/ commander: commanders, commandership, commandery/commandership: commanderships/commandery: commanderies/commandment: commandments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The investigative reporting is as strong as the film-making, fearless and commanding.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
But he became much admired for developing a style that combined fingerpicking precision on the one hand with a commanding slide on the other.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Military Academy graduate, fatally shot himself at Belmead after commanding Confederate troops in the First Battle of Bull Run.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 指挥的; 威严的; 居高临下的
v. 指挥，控制( command的现在分词); 命令; 掌握; 俯瞰
分布：指挥的(49%)，威严的(34%)，领先的(7%)，制高的(5%)，动词command的现在分词形式.(5%)
US [-'mæn-] adjective
WITH AUTHORITY 有权力的
[before noun]
■having the authority to give orders 指挥的，统帅的，负责下命令的
• a commanding officer 指挥官
■describes a voice or manner which seems to have authority and therefore demands your attention （声音或举止）威严的
• his commanding presence 他的威严气度
UK [kə'mɑ:n.dɪŋ] US [-'mæn-] adjective
STRONG POSITION 有利地位
[before noun]
■in a very successful position and likely to win or succeed 处于（有望取胜或成功的）有利地位的
• He has a commanding lead in the championships. 他在锦标赛中遥遥领先。
UK [kə'mɑ:n.dɪŋ] US [-'mæn-] adjective
a commanding position/view formal
■a position or view from which a lot of land can be seen 居高临下的位置／开阔的视野
• The house occupies a commanding position at the top of the valley. 这所房子位于山谷顶上一个居高临下的位置。
adj. 指挥的；居高临下的；威风凛凛的
 - directorial, Jovian
v. 指挥；统帅；负责（command的ing形式）
 - conducting, handling

Word: irregular
Front: irregular
[ɪˈregjələ(r)] (四六托雅 8410/7020 -2)
Vocabulary: irregular
(once / 299 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3nadj
Irregular describes something that's unpredictable or uneven. If your dog has irregular spots, it means that she has random splotches of color scattered across her fur.
Anything that doesn't have a pattern or schedule is irregular, like the irregular hours of a store that's only open when the owner feels like it. In grammar, an irregular part of speech is one that doesn't stick to the usual rules. Irregular can also describe something doesn't meet standards, like irregular clothing that's sold at a discount. Irregular originally meant "not in conformity with Church rules."
WORD FAMILY
irregular: irregularity, irregularly, irregulars+/irregularity: irregularities/ regular: irregular, regularise, regularity, regularize, regularly, regulars/regularise: regularisation, regularised, regularising/ regularity: regularities, unregularity/regularize: regularization, regularized, regularizes, regularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The teenager’s grades dropped, his friends changed and he began keeping irregular hours.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rustaqi was a vocal critic of the government’s arming of irregular militias.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Outside experts, including Ansari, told me that for the dam to move that much was highly irregular.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不规则的，不对称的; 无规律的; 不合规范的，不合法的; 不规则变化的
n. 非正规军军人; 不规则物; 不合规格的产品
分布：不规则的(81%)，不合法的(8%)，不整齐的(7%)，非正规军(2%)，不合格品(1%)，不合规矩的(1%)
→ir-,不，非，regular,规则的。
不规则的(ir+regular规则的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
US [-lɚ] adjective
RULE 规则
 ADVANCED formal
■(of behaviour or actions) not according to usual rules or what is expected （行为）不合常规的，不正常的
• Releasing the goods without an invoice is most irregular. 没有发货清单就发货是最不符合规范的。
 ADVANCED formal
■In grammar, an irregular verb, noun, adjective, etc. does not obey the usual rules for words in the language. （动词、名词、形容词等）不规则变化的
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
SHAPE 形状
■not regular in shape or form; having parts of different shapes or sizes 不规则的；不整齐的
• an irregular coastline 弯弯曲曲的海岸线
• irregular teeth 不整齐的牙齿
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
TIME/SPACE 时间／空间
■not happening at regular times or not with regular spaces in between 不定期的；无规律的
• an irregular heartbeat 心律不整
• They met at irregular intervals. 他们不定期会面。
■US informal
■not emptying your bowels as often as you would usually 便秘的
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
SOLDIER 士兵
■(of a soldier) fighting for a country but not as a member of its official army 非正规军的
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a soldier who is not a member of the official army of a country 非正规军人
casual, informal, irregular
这组词都有“非正式的、非正规的”的意思，其区别是：
casual: 指不太注意场合，仪表等，随意性强。
informal: 指语言、穿着等随便，也指不举行任何形式或仪式的活动。
irregular: 指不按常规、固定模式或计划做事；或指不隶属于任何机构或组织。
adj. [语] 不规则的；无规律的； [数] 非正规的；不合法的
 - abnormal, orrow

Word: churn
Front: churn
[tʃɜ:n] (8407/9874 -1)
Vocabulary: churn
(once / 1456 pages)
nv
A churn is a container that you fill with cream and then agitate until the cream becomes butter. You may have only bought butter at the store, but your ancestors probably used a traditional plunger-type churn to make their own.
The verb churn means to mix cream until it turns into butter, separating out the buttermilk. You can make your own butter by churning it in a jar if you don't have a churn, shaking heavy cream until it becomes solid. To churn can also simply mean to agitate, like a boat might churn in a turbulent ocean, or your stomach might churn with anxiety about your big test the next day.
WORD FAMILY
churn: churned, churning, churns
USAGE EXAMPLES
All the while, the instruments churn through their material, indifferent to the singer’s plight.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
My parents in their eager search delved through the brochures, the interviews and assessments, the continuous churning of paperwork.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The churning guitar menace of Dacus’ “Troublemaker, Doppelganger” gets your heart racing and then the spare “Trust” breaks it.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 搅拌; 制造（奶油等）; 买卖
vi. 制造（奶油等）; 产生剧烈搅动
n. 搅乳桶
时态：churned, churning, churns
分布：搅拌(36%)，搅乳器(28%)，搅动(20%)，翻腾(13%)，〈口〉粗制滥造(3%)
→词源可能同grain, 谷物，颗粒，因奶油剧烈搅拌后颗粒状的外观而引申此词义。
US [tʃɝ:n] verb
MOVE/MIX 晃动／混合
transitive (also churn up)
■to mix something, especially a liquid, with great force 剧烈搅动（尤指液体）；翻搅；使猛烈翻腾
• The sea was churned up by heavy winds. 狂风搅得大海白浪滔天。
transitive
■to mix milk until it becomes butter 用搅乳器搅拌（牛奶以制成奶油）
intransitive
■If your stomach is churning, you feel ill, usually because you are nervous （通常指由于紧张而）胃部翻腾，反胃，恶心
• I had my driving test that morning and my stomach was churning. 参加驾照考试的那天早上，我的胃里一直在翻腾。
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] verb
CUSTOMERS
intransitive or transitive specialized
■If customers churn between different companies that provide a particular service, they change repeatedly from one to another. 顾客辗转光顾提供某种服务的不同公司
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] churn sth out informal
■to produce large amounts of something quickly, usually something of low quality （不顾品质快速地）大量生产；粗制滥造
• The factory churns out thousands of pairs of these shoes every week. 那家工厂每周生产数千双这样的劣质鞋子。
• She churns out a new bestselling novel every year. 每年她都能炮制出一本新的畅销小说。
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] noun
CONTAINER 容器
countable
■a large container for transporting milk or for making milk into butter 奶罐，奶桶；搅乳器
• a milk churn 奶罐
• a butter churn 搅乳器
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] noun
CUSTOMERS 客户
[S or U] (also churn rate) specialized
■the number of customers who decide to stop using a service offered by one company and to use another company, usually because it offers a better service or price （客户）流失率
• Internet and cable television companies suffer from a high churn rate. 网际网路公司和有线电视公司的用户流失率很高。
vi. 搅拌；搅动
 - mix round, stir up
vt. 搅拌；搅动
 - mill, mix round

Word: bodily
Front: bodily
[ˈbɒdɪli] (托 8434/6489 -2)
Back: adj. 身体的，肉体的; 有实体的; 有躯体的
adv. 亲身地，亲自; 以肉体形式; 全部，全体
分布：身体的(58%)，肉体的(19%)，全部地(8%)，活生生地(8%)，亲自地(5%)，具体的(2%)
US ['bɑ:.dɪ-] adjective
■relating to the human body 人体的，身体的
• bodily fluids blood, saliva , etc. 体液
• They didn't cause him any bodily harm. 它们没有给他造成任何身体伤害。
• to lose control of your bodily functions 失去对身体机能的控制
UK ['bɒd.ɪ.li] US ['bɑ:.dɪ-] adverb
■If you lift or carry someone bodily, you lift or carry them in your arms 抱着
• He carried her bodily up the stairs. 他把她抱上了楼。
adv. 整体地；亲自地；以肉体形式
 - personally, integrally
adj. 身体的；肉体的
 - physical, personal, material

Word: variability
Front: variability
[ˌveəriəˈbɪləti] (托 8403/10688)
Vocabulary: variability
(once / 4476 pages)
n
The weather in San Francisco is known for its variability. One minute it's summer and the next, winter. Variability means the tendency to shift or change — of being "variable."
There are many words that contain vari-, and they almost all have to do with change or difference. Variability is the noun version of this idea. The variability of the weather means that you never know exactly what to wear. T-shirt or sweater: the choices vary along with the weather. Many things are known for their variability: the taste of teenagers, the talent of the singers on "American Idol," Frank Sinatra's moods. These are just some of the things that exhibit real variability.
WORD FAMILY
variability: variabilities+/ invariable: invariability, invariableness, invariables, invariably /invariant: invariance, invariants/unvaried: unvariedly, unvariedness/ unvarying: unvaryingly/ variable: invariable, variability, variableness, variables, variably/ variance: variances/ variant: invariant, variance, variantly, variants/variate: bivariate, multivariate, variates/ variation: covariation, variations/ varied: unvaried, variedly, variedness/ vary: co-vary, variable, variant, variate, variation, varied, varies, varying / varying: unvarying, varyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If you look at H.I.V. sequences, there’s enormous variability between one strain and the next,” he said.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
And the virus, because of its variability, is an extremely resilient target.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Consider, for example, the variability in recent years of winter’s demand on that stockpile.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 变化性，易变，变化的倾向; 变率
分布：变异性(83%)，变化性(10%)，易变(7%)
变化性(vary变化)[-ability表名词"能…;性质"]
【记】vari＝vary（v 改变），ability－变化性
【参】variegated（adj 杂色的；多样化的）
ADJ-GRADED
多变的;易变的;反复无常的
Something that is variable changes quite often, and there usually seems to be no fixed pattern to these changes.
例：The potassium content of foodstuffs is very variable...食物中钾的含量差别很大。
例：There was a bit of a wind and it was blowing onshore, variable, but quite strong.有一阵风朝岸上吹来，风向变化不定，但风力很强。
N-COUNT
（质量、数量、规模等）可变因素
A variable is a factor that can change in quality, quantity, or size, which you have to take into account in a situation.
例：Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other variable...购买决定可能会基于价格、送货日期、售后服务以及其他可变因素。
例：Other variables in making forecasts for the industry include the weather and the general economic climate.对该产业进行预测时还要考虑天气和宏观经济环境等其他不确定因素。
N-COUNT
变量;变项;变元
A variable is a quantity that can have any one of a set of values.
例：It is conventional to place the independent variable on the right-hand side of an equation.普遍做法是把自变量放在等式的右边。
n. [生物] [数] 可变性，变化性；变异性
 - adaptability, modifiability

Word: promoter
Front: promoter
[prəˈməʊtə(r)] (托 8429/4893 -2)
Vocabulary: promoter
(once / 1435 pages)
n
If you’ve been trying to get anyone and everyone to go see your friend’s band perform, then you could call yourself a promoter of that band. A promoter is a supporter, advocate, or booster for a person, group, or event.
A promoter is an active supporter of something. A promoter of democracy, for example, is someone who tries to spread democracy throughout the world. Being a promoter is also a profession; one might be hired to make arrangements and generate publicity for some form of public entertainment, like a boxing match or a concert. Perhaps if you tell enough people about your friend's band, the band will hire you as its official promoter.
WORD FAMILY
promoter: promoters+/ promote: promoted, promoter, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotive/ promotion: promotional, promotions/ promotional: promotionally/promotive: promotively
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His father was a dance promoter in Liverpool.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Promoters wasted little time, organizing a high-profile event at Madison Square Garden only a few months after the ban was lifted.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 助长者; 发起人; 促进者
分布：启动子(54%)，发起人(20%)，促进剂(13%)，促进者(9%)，催化剂(4%)
US [-'moʊ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who tries to encourage something to happen or develop 促进者；提倡者；起促进作用的事物
• a promoter of peace/sexual equality 和平／男女平等的宣导者
■a person who organizes and arranges finance for sports and musical events （体育比赛、演出等的）承办者，出资人
• a boxing/rock concert promoter 拳击比赛／摇滚演唱会的承办者
n. 发起人；促进者；助长者
 - initiator, originator

Word: footprint
Front: footprint
[ˈfʊtprɪnt] (8406/12146 -1)
Vocabulary: footprint
(once / 1362 pages)
n
A footprint is the mark left by your feet on the ground or floor. If you dog runs away from you on the beach, you might find her by following her footprints in the sand.
Your dad might scold you for tracking footprints across the clean kitchen floor — or you might hurry outside after a blizzard to be the first person in your neighborhood to make footprints in the fresh snow. A footprint is proof that you were there: similarly, a figurative kind of footprint is evidence of someone or something's presence or influence. For example, a company's "carbon footprint" is the amount of polluting greenhouse gas it emits.
WORD FAMILY
footprint: footprints
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The information seems to be like a footprint that artists leave in their art,” Forsythe said.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The deal expands AMC’s footprint at a relatively healthy time for the exhibition industry.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Agriculture is also included in the sustainability plans of cities such as Seattle, Washington, to reduce its carbon footprint and green the infrastructure.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指软地上的）脚印; （地板上的）脚印; <商>（建筑物或设备，尤指计算机）占用的空间; <术>（尤指来自卫星的）广播信号覆盖区
分布：足迹(81%)，脚印(19%)
noun countable
FOOT 脚
■the mark made by a person's or animal's foot 脚印；足迹
['fʊt.prɪnt] noun countable
AREA 面积 specialized
■the amount of space on a surface that something needs, especially a computer （某物所占的）平面面积；（尤指电脑所占的）枱面
• The new computer has a smaller footprint. 这台新电脑占地要小一些。
n. 足迹；脚印
 - track, spoor

Word: indefinitely
Front: indefinitely
[ɪnˈdefɪnətli] (六托 8418/8406)
Vocabulary: indefinitely
(once / 1134 pages)
adv
Use the adverb indefinitely to describe something that happens for an unlimited amount of time or to an unlimited extent. Kittens could bat around a ball of string indefinitely.
When your cousin postpones her wedding indefinitely after her fiancé’s “business trip” to Las Vegas, you probably want to hold off on buying a gift. They may work things out, but sometimes people intend indefinitely to be synonymous with forever. Like, “We can’t keep fighting over that weekend I spent in Las Vegas indefinitely…”
WORD FAMILY
indefinite: indefinitely, indefiniteness, indefinity+/ definite: definitely, definiteness, definitive, indefinite / definitive: definitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The administration of these programs ensures that the units they produce remain affordable indefinitely.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In Thursday’s ruling, all nine Supreme Court justices agreed that projects predating mid-2015 would not be protected indefinitely under older, less-strict rules.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ministers are considering introducing a law to indefinitely ban the media from identifying young offenders.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 无限期地; 不定期地; 不明确地; 遥遥无期地
分布：不确定地(38%)，模糊地(31%)，无限地(31%)
adverb
■for a period of time with no fixed end 不确定地；不清楚地；无限期地
• The negotiations have been put off/postponed indefinitely. 谈判被无限延期了。
unaccountably, disproportionately, unconsciously, indefinitely
unaccountably: 无法解释的，不能说明的
disproportionately: 不成比例的
unconsciously: 无意识的，不知不觉的
indefinitely: 不确定的，无期限的
adv. 不确定地，无限期地；模糊地，不明确地
 - uncertainly, faintly

Word: crow
Front: crow
[krəʊ] (研四六托 8402/9901 -1)
Vocabulary: crow
(once / 733 pages)
1n 2nv 3vn
A crow is a large, intelligent, black bird with a loud call. Farmers and gardeners set up "scarecrows" to keep crows away from their seeds and crops.
A crow is glossy and dark, a close relation of the raven, and a large group of crows is known as a murder. When a crow caws, you can also say it crows — and another way to crow is to call out with satisfaction about something: "I'm so proud of the award I just want to crow about it all day long!" The Old English root of crowe is crawe, which imitates the sound a crow makes.
WORD FAMILY
crow: crowed, crowing, crows+/crowing: crowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It grew to more than 3,000 names — longer than the Chevy Chase Country Club’s, Don crowed to a Post reporter in 1985.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The company crows that it’s the best-selling premium three-row crossover in history.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Hopefully president Trump controls the neocon factions in CIA and state department, we don't need more cooks in an awfully crowed kitchen.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 乌鸦; 雄鸡的啼声
vi. 公鸡啼鸣，报晓; 欢呼; （尤指在其他人不成功时）扬扬自得地夸口
时态：crowed, crowing, crows
分布：乌鸦(75%)，啼叫(11%)，欢叫(5%)，报晓(5%)，洋洋自得(3%)，夸口(1%)
→拟声词，模仿乌鸦的叫声。比较crane, cock.
n.乌鸦v./n.鸡啼,鸣叫The grown-up growled at a crowd of crows.那个成年人对着一群公鸡咆哮.
US [kroʊ] noun countable
■a large black bird with a loud unpleasant cry 乌鸦
UK [krəʊ] US [kroʊ] noun countable
as the crow flies
■describes a distance when measured in a straight line between two points or places 笔直地，成直线地，沿直线
UK [krəʊ] US [kroʊ] verb intransitive (crowed or UK ALSO crew, crowed or UK ALSO crew)
CRY 叫
■When a cock (= an adult male chicken) crows, it makes a very long and loud sharp cry （公鸡）啼叫，打鸣
• We were woken at dawn by a cock crowing repeatedly. 黎明时，我们被一阵阵的鸡啼声吵醒。
■When a baby crows, it makes sudden cries of happiness. （婴儿）欢叫
UK [krəʊ] US [kroʊ] verb intransitive (crowed or UK ALSO crew, crowed or UK ALSO crew)
TALK PROUDLY 夸口 disapproving
■to talk in a proud and annoying way about something you have done 夸耀；夸口，自夸
• He's always crowing about his latest triumph. 他老是吹嘘他最近取得的成功。
pride, boast, brag, crow
这组词都有“自夸，吹嘘”的意思，其区别是：
pride: 与boast的意义较接近，指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
boast: 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸耀，常含言过其实的意味。
brag: 非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow: 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好。
n. [鸟] 乌鸦；鸡鸣；撬棍
 - corbie, wrecking bar

Word: transitional
Front: transitional
[træn'sɪʃənl] (8414/7337)
Vocabulary: transitional
(once / 3436 pages)
adj
Sometimes people who have been laid off from their old jobs and haven’t been able to find new ones say they are in a transitional period. In other words, they are in the middle of a change.
The adjective transitional relates to things such as governments, office spaces, or aspects of one’s life that are in the process of changing. This is a temporary state, until a permanent solution is established, and the word is often used with a sense of hope. For example, when someone goes through a romantic breakup and is hoping to find someone new, she might also say she is in a transitional phase. A synonym for transitional is interim.
WORD FAMILY
transitional: transitionally+/ transit: transited, transiting, transition, transits/ transition: transitional, transitioned, transitioning, transitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leaving a transitional housing unit is considered escae and is punishable by three and a half to seven years in prison.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a transitional, fragmented episode built around narrative red herrings,” Mike Hale wrote in The New York Times.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Under the deal, Mr Kabila is to lead a transitional government until elections which must be held by the end of 2017.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 变迁的，过渡期的; 渐变的，转变的; 转移的; 过滤（的）
n. 过渡型单核白细胞
分布：过渡期的(40%)，过渡性的(40%)，变化的(20%)
adjective
■belonging or relating to a change, or the process of change, from one form or type to another 变迁的，过渡的（从一种形式或类型变化为另一种形式或类型，属于此变化的或与之有关的，或属于此变化过程的或与之有关的）
• a transitional government 过度政府
• Eastern Slovenia is to revert to Croatian government rule next year after a transitional period under UN administration. 在联合国管理的过度时期结束之后，东斯洛文尼亚将于明年重归克罗地亚政府管辖。
adj. [计] 变迁的； [植] 过渡期的
 - vicissitudinous

Word: empowerment
Front: empowerment
[ɪm'paʊəmənt] (8404/17430)
Vocabulary: empowerment
(once / 22176 pages)
n
Empowerment is the power granted by one person or institution to another. The government can grant empowerment to a department to effect change, or a person can grant empowerment to her lawyer to sign contracts on her behalf.
In the US of the 1950s and 60s, there were a number of groups that sought empowerment against oppression. Some of these included the Civil Rights Movement, led by a number of powerful members including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. During this period, César Chávez worked for the rights of Latinos and farm workers. There were a number of other empowerment movements as well, each working to gain power for an oppressed group.
WORD FAMILY
empower: empowered, empowering, empowerment, empowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
One big set piece involved an awkward "naked party" Ines throws for colleagues that turns into a sideways act of feminist empowerment.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Carrie Fisher dedicated her platform to mental health awareness & female empowerment.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Next semester, he is planning to teach a course at LaGuardia tentatively called “Designing for Financial Empowerment.”
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 授权; 许可
分布：授权(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
授权
The empowerment of a person or group of people is the process of giving them power and status in a particular situation.
例：This government believes very strongly in the empowerment of women.这届政府坚决信奉女性应享有更大的权力。
n. 许可，授权
 - permission, leave, liberty, authorization, warranty

Word: discount
Front: discount
[ˈdɪskaʊnt] (高研四六托雅宝 4504/3143 -K3)
Vocabulary: discount
(once / 743 pages)
1nv 2v
The noun discount refers to an amount or percentage deducted from the normal selling price of something. If you wait until after the holiday, you can often buy goods at a steep discount — just make sure you need all that stuff.
The noun discount means a reduction in price of a good or service. You can ask the manager for a discount if the item is damaged. As a verb, discount means to reduce the price. The manager can discount the item for you. The verb discount also means to disregard, underestimate, or dismiss. If you are a teenager, people will often discount your opinion — but you should keep expressing it because eventually people will listen!
WORD FAMILY
discount: discounted, discounter, discounting, discounts+/discounter: discounters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Several hundred U.S. ski resorts are participating in Learn to Ski & Snowboard Month in January with discounted deals for beginners.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Before the discount, rooms start at $167 at the beachfront resort, and the offer runs through March 31.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In retaliation, the Glen Cove City Council withdrew Russian access to free beach parking and discounted tennis permits.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 打折扣，减价出售; 减息贷款; 削价出售，打折; 减价，减量
vi. 折扣; 贴现率; 贴现
n. 贴现; 数目; （任何面值上的）扣除额; （考虑到故事、报告、报道等的夸张或偏见等）不全信
时态：discounted, discounting, discounts
分布：折扣(68%)，贴现(17%)，贴现率(7%)，打折扣(5%)，不全信(1%)，不重视(1%)，减息贷款(1%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。count, 数。即没有计算在内的，折扣。
n.折扣;贴现(率)vt.打折扣;不重视The counselor bounced up to denounce discount.顾问上升蹦跳指责折扣.
【反】surcharge（n 附加费）
noun countable /ˈdɪs.kaʊnt/
 IMPROVER
■a reduction in the usual price 减价，打折
• They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies. 你如果多买几本他们通常会给你打折。
• They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students. 他们给乘火车旅行的学生提供10%的折扣。
verb[dɪˈskaʊnt/
NOT CONSIDER 不考虑
transitive
■to decide that something or someone is not worth considering or giving attention 忽视，忽略，不理会
• You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back. 你不应该排除他回来的可能性。
verb[dɪˈskaʊnt/
REDUCE 降低
transitive often passive
■to reduce the price of something 打折；减价
• discounted goods/rates 打折货物／费率
n. [贸易] 折扣； [金融] 贴现率
 - agio, rabato
vt. [贸易] 打折扣；将…贴现；贬损
 - water sth. down, preach down

Word: oblivious
Front: oblivious
[əˈblɪviəs] (雅宝 8431/10057 -1)
Vocabulary: oblivious
(once / 1790 pages)
adj
If you don't notice or aren't aware, it means that the adjective oblivious applies to you!
When we think of the adjective oblivious, it is usually in situations that involve being totally unaware of what's staring us right in the face. It can also mean being forgetful and absent-minded. The cartoon character Mr. Magoo is a perfect example of someone who is oblivious; his eyesight is so bad that he always gets himself into various scrapes and mishaps. For example, Mr. Magoo mistakes an airplane for a theater and instead of watching a movie, he takes a seat on a departing airplane!
WORD FAMILY
oblivious: obliviously, obliviousness+/ oblivion: oblivions, oblivious
USAGE EXAMPLES
We understood his appeal to people frustrated with gridlock in Washington or convinced that a well-fed establishment is oblivious to their struggles.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“Oh, that’s great, good for you,” said the journalist, oblivious to Gretzky’s sport, his career or that his nickname is “The Great One.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But he’s also oblivious to threats from abroad.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 忘却的; 健忘的; 不注意的; 不知道的
分布：健忘的(75%)，没注意到(25%)
→来自oblivion,遗忘，忘却。引申词义未注意的，忽略的。
疏忽的[obliv=forget(忘记)]
【记】读：我不理vious，我不理你了，我要把你忘了。
【反】vigilant（adj 警惕的）；cognizant（adj 认知的）；mindful（adj 留心的）
adjective
■not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you （尤指对周围发生的事情）毫不在意的，毫无知觉的，未察觉的
• Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. 她专心于工作，对周围的一切毫无知觉。
• The government seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation. 政府似乎根本没有意识到新法规可能带来的后果。
adj. 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的
 - amnesic, forgetful

Word: faded
Front: faded
['feɪdɪd] (8401/9059)
Vocabulary: faded
(once / 327 pages)
1adj 2adj
Faded things have lost the bright color they once had. Your faded jeans, once dark blue but now pale and worn, might be your favorite thing to wear.
Clothes become faded after being worn and washed again and again, and in many places the landscape itself seems faded in the wintertime, all dull grays and pale browns. Strength, energy, or vitality can also become faded, like a boxer toward the end of a long match. The Old French root of faded is fader, "become weak," from fade, "weak, pale, or insipid."
WORD FAMILY
faded: fadedly, prefaded+/ fade: faded, fades, fading/fading: fadings, unfading/unfading: unfadingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The promise quickly faded when Penn State offered a scholarship two years later.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Over the decades, many of the animal and human figures became tattered, faded or broken.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That,” he added with a laugh, “obviously faded pretty fast.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 已褪色的，已凋谢的
v. （使）褪去( fade的过去式和过去分词 ); 逐渐消逝; 逐渐消失; （运动员、运动队、演员等）走下坡路
分布：已褪色的(54%)，已凋谢的(35%)，动词fade的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
adjective
■less bright in colour than before 褪色的
• faded jeans 褪色的牛仔裤
• faded curtains/wallpaper 褪色的窗帘／墙纸
• figurative a faded beauty (= a woman who was beautiful in the past) 美人迟暮

Word: thankful
Front: thankful
[ˈθæŋkfl] (高 8424/9671 -1)
Vocabulary: thankful
(once / 306 pages)
adj
On Thanksgiving, we remember to be thankful, showing and feeling our thanks for the meal and company in front of us.
When you are thankful, you're full of thanks. It's a word that expresses either a feeling or showing of gratitude. You can be thankful that the long week is over, or you can give a thankful smile to your boss when she says you can leave a few hours early.
WORD FAMILY
thankful: thankfuler, thankfully, thankfulness, unthankful+/thank: thanked, thankful, thanking, thankless, thanks/thankless: thanklessly/unthankful: unthankfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I am thankful to be a part of it.’
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Convention suggests that the most normal and appropriate response from me would be a display of gratitude, but I wasn’t thankful.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 感谢的，感激的; 欣慰的
分布：感激的(55%)，感谢的(45%)
→thank,感谢，-ful,形容词后缀。
adjective
■pleased or grateful for something 感谢的；感激的；感到欣慰的
• [+ that] I was thankful that the meeting didn't last long, because I had a train to catch. 我很庆幸会议没有开得太久，因为我要赶火车。
adj. 感谢的；欣慰的
 - grateful, benedictory

Word: muster
Front: muster
[ˈmʌstə(r)] (雅宝 8426/9610 -1)
Vocabulary: muster
(once / 565 pages)
vn
Originally meaning only to gather soldiers, muster's definition has been expanded to include gathering up just about anything––you can muster up some dinner, some friends, or even some ketchup, pickles and mustard.
Remember that muster used to involve getting reluctant soldiers out of bed and into the field of battle––it involves overcoming a certain inertia. When you muster up the courage to face something, it's clear that this is pretty scary for you.
WORD FAMILY
muster: mustered, mustering, musters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Washington mustered just 38 rushing yards, averaging 2.5 per carry.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
New York’s own offense was bland, punting to end eight of its 12 drives, but it mustered up enough to get the job done.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
On Tuesday they fled and mustered a few blocks away.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 集合; 集合的人群; 检阅; 花名册
vt. & vi. 集合; 召集; 集结（尤指部队）
vt. （自他人处）搜集某事物; 聚集; 激发; 激起（支持、勇气等）
时态：mustered, mustering, musters
分布：集合(45%)，鼓起(32%)，点名册(10%)，检阅(8%)，集合人员(5%)
→来自拉丁语monstrare,显示，展示，来自monere,提醒，警告，词源同admonish,demonstration.后用于军事术语指召集，聚集，战前动员等。鼻音n脱落，比较dental,tooth.
US [-tɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
PRODUCE 产生
■to produce or encourage especially an emotion or support 鼓起（勇气）；激起（某种感情或支持）
• She managed to muster the courage to ask him to the cinema. 她终于鼓起勇气请他去看电影。
• The team will need all the strength they can muster to win this game. 球队必须倾尽全力才能赢得这场比赛。
• Opponents are unlikely to be able to muster enough votes to override the veto. 反对者不太可能拉到足够的选票来推翻否决。
UK ['mʌs.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
TOGETHER 聚集
■(especially of soldiers) to come together, especially in preparation for fighting, or to cause to do this （使）（尤指部队）集合，集结
• The twelfth division mustered on the hill. 第12师在山上集结。
• The general mustered his troops. 将军召集起他的部队。
UK ['mʌs.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
muster your forces formal
■to make great arrangements and efforts, usually to prepare for an attack or event 集聚（力量，精力）
• The Welsh National Opera has mustered its forces to mount its second production of Tristan in only 14 years. 威尔士国家剧院在《特里斯坦》首次上演的仅仅14年后，倾尽全力把该剧的新制作版本搬上舞台。
UK ['mʌs.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  muster sth up
■If you muster up a feeling of bravery or energy, you try hard to find that quality in yourself because you need it in order to do something 鼓起（勇气）；激起（力量）
• [+ to infinitive] She finally mustered up the courage to ask him for more money. 她最终鼓起勇气向他要更多的钱。
UK ['mʌs.tər] US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a group of people, especially soldiers, who have been brought together （尤指部队的）集合，集结
vt. 召集；对…进行点名；使振作
 - call together, call in
n. 集合；检阅；点名册；集合人员
 - assembly, concentration, convergence, set, review
vi. 召集；聚集
 - concentrate, collect, mass, crowd

Word: jerk
Front: jerk
[dʒɜ:k] (六托雅宝 5703/5897 -2)
Vocabulary: jerk
(once / 380 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A jerk is a sharp, sudden movement. When you're learning to drive a stick shift, it’s hard to avoid the jerk and lurch when you try to change gears. Jerk is also a very unflattering term for an obnoxious person.
Although you will most commonly hear the derogatory jerk as in "Don't be such a jerk," there are many other meanings of the word. ""Clean and jerk" is an Olympic weightlifting event where you lift a barbell in one "clean" movement, then, in one quick thrust — the jerk — you lift the weight above your head. Jerk can also mean making a sharp, sudden move — like a dog jerks on his chain. You may have eaten jerk, also called jerky — strips of dried meat — handy for lunchboxes and camping.
WORD FAMILY
jerk: jerked, jerker, jerking, jerks, jerky +/jerker: jerkers/jerking: jerkingly, jerkings/ jerky: jerkier, jerkies, jerkily, jerkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His hand jerked and the chopper lurched downward.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When I met him, he was very immature and generally a jerk to almost everyone, including my friends, who all still dislike him.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
DuShane is the author of “Confessions of a Teenage Jesus Jerk.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 猛拉; 把（牛肉）切成薄片晒干
vt. & vi. （使…）猝然一动[颤动]
n. 突然的拉[推，扭]; <医>（肌肉的）痉挛，抽搐; 蠢人; 急促而猛烈的动作，猛地一拉
时态：jerked, jerking, jerks
分布：笨蛋(34%)，猛拉(33%)，急动(25%)，颠簸不稳的(8%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿猛拉，颠簸，嘎吱作响的声音。词义混蛋，二流子可能缩写自俚语jerk off,手淫，手淫坯子。比较wank,wanker.
【记】读：这颗（鲜花），把它猛拉下来。
US [dʒɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make a short sudden movement, or to cause someone or something to do this （使）猝然一动；猛推；急拉
• The car made a strange noise and then jerked to a halt. 汽车发出一声怪响，接着就猛然停住了。
• "What's wrong?" she asked, jerking her head up. “怎么了？”她猛地抬头问道。
■to (force or cause someone or something to) suddenly behave differently, usually by understanding something or becoming active again （使）突然改变行为
• The shock of losing his job jerked him out of his settled lifestyle. 失业的打击一下子改变了他安定的生活方式。
UK [dʒɜ:k] US [dʒɝ:k] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  jerk off offensive
■(of a man) to masturbate （男人）手淫
UK [dʒɜ:k] US [dʒɝ:k] noun countable
MOVE 移动
■a quick sudden movement 猛然一动；急拉；急抽
• She pulled the bush out of the ground with a sharp jerk. 她猛一使劲把灌木从地里拔了出来。
• The alarm went off and he woke up with a jerk. 闹钟响后他猛然惊醒。
UK [dʒɜ:k] US [dʒɝ:k] noun countable
PERSON 人 (US also jerk-off) slang
■a stupid person, usually a man （通常指男子）蠢人，头脑简单的人
• You stupid jerk! You've just spilled beer all down my new shirt! 你这个笨蛋！你把啤酒全洒在我的新衬衫上了！
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 肌肉抽搐；性情古怪的人；蠢人；急拉
 - ass, nong
vt. 猛拉
 - sweep, hoick

Word: rap
Front: rap
[ræp] (研六托 5303/10521 -2)
Vocabulary: rap
(once / 551 pages)
1vn 2vn
To rap is to hit something, talk, or bust into rhymes like the Fat Boys in the rap song “Human Beat Box” (1984). That’s some old school Brooklyn rap, but you can rap to any beat you want. Hit it!
A rap is a knock or blow, like if you rap somebody upside the head as a gentle reminder to pay attention. The word rap also means, "reputation,” like if you get a bad rap at school for sleeping in class. It’s also "to talk at great length." And there’s the musical rap, the “genre that includes talking rhythmically over a beat.” This meaning comes from African American slang for, basically, "talking.”
WORD FAMILY
rap: rapped, rapper, rapping, raps+/ rapper: rappers
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are mechanisms in place, however, for people to challenge what they believe to be mistakes on their rap sheet.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He put on a rap song and turned it up.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Two people were shot and killed and two others were wounded on Friday after a rap concert in southern Connecticut, local media reported.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 突然说出; （公开地）严厉批评; 突然大声说出; 连续敲叩
n. （轻快的）敲击（声）; 说唱音乐; 说唱歌; 速度快的谈话
时态：rapped, rapping, raps
分布：说唱音乐(45%)，轻敲(14%)，责骂(14%)，拍击(8%)，谈话(5%)，畅谈(5%)，最少量(3%)，厉声说出(3%)，表演说唱音乐(3%)
→拟声词，模仿敲打的声音，后引申词义说唱。
n.叩击,轻拍,斥责v.敲,拍,打,斥责,使着迷The captive captivated by the apt adaptation rapped the cavity with rapture.被灵巧的改编迷住了的被捕者着迷地敲打空腔.
noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable
■a type of popular music with a strong rhythm in which the words are spoken, not sung 说唱乐
• a rap artist /star 说唱乐艺人／歌星
[ræp] noun
PUNISHMENT 惩罚
countable or uncountable mainly US slang
■when someone is accused of of crime, or a punishment 指控；罪责；判刑
• He always said he was jailed on a bum rap (= false accusation). 他总说自己坐牢是冤枉的。
• The police caught him, but somehow he managed to beat the rap (= escape punishment). 员警抓住了他，但不知怎么他竟设法逃脱了罪责。
• I'm not going to take the rap for you (= be punished for something you did). 我才不会替你去背黑锅。
[ræp] noun
JUDGMENT 评判
countable US slang
■a judgment or a reaction 看法，评价；反响
• The new show got a bum/bad rap (= was severely criticized) in all the papers. 这个新的节目被各份报纸骂了个狗血喷头。
[ræp] noun
HIT 击打
countable
■a sudden short noise, especially one made by hitting a hard surface （尤指击打坚硬表面发出的）敲击（声），叩击（声）
• There was a series of raps on the window. 传来一阵敲窗户的声音。
[ræp] noun
a rap on/over the knuckles
■when you are spoken to severely or angrily because of something you have done or failed to do 严厉的批评；厉声的指责；愤怒的谴责
• I got a rap on the knuckles for not finishing my essay on time. 我因为没有按时完成论文受到了严厉的批评。
[ræp] verb (-pp-)
HIT 击打
intransitive or transitive
■to hit or say something suddenly and forcefully 敲击，急拍；突然大声说，突然厉声说
• She rapped (on)the table to get everyone's attention. 她敲了敲桌子，让大家注意。
• The colonel rapped (out) an order to his men. 上校厉声对他的士兵下命令。
transitive
■to criticize someone, especially officially （尤指正式地）批评，指责，苛责
• The headline read 'Judge raps police'. 报道的标题是“法官斥责警方”。
[ræp] verb (-pp-)
MUSIC 音乐
intransitive
■to perform rap 表演说唱乐；说唱
[ræp] verb (-pp-)
rap sb over the knuckles
■to speak officially to someone, in a severe or angry way, because you disapprove of their actions 严厉批评，厉声指责，愤怒谴责（某人）
• He was rapped over the knuckles by the management. 他受到了管理层的严厉批评。
pat, knock, rap, tap
这组词都有“敲、击”的意思，其区别是：
pat: 指用手轻拍以示同情、赞同或爱抚。
knock: 指用拳头或其它器械猛敲或猛打；也指用手轻敲某物。
rap: 指用手指或木棒等快速地轻敲或急拍。
tap: 多指慢慢地连续地轻击或轻拍。
vt. 抢走；轻敲；敲击致使；使着迷
 - tap, reave
vi. 敲击；交谈
 - strike, knock on
n. 轻敲
 - bob, peening

Word: prominence
Front: prominence
[ˈprɒmɪnəns] (六托 8419/7813 -1)
Vocabulary: prominence
(once / 1208 pages)
n
Prominence has to do with importance. If a band becomes famous, they've come into prominence.
Prominence is a type of importance: if you put a statue in the middle of a room, you're giving it a place of prominence. In movies, music, and sports, the most successful people have great prominence — they're prominent or famous. Anything that juts out or sticks out has prominence. Whether prominence comes from being widely known or just being hard to miss, you can't really ignore anything or anybody that has achieved prominence.
WORD FAMILY
prominence: prominences+/ prominent: prominence, prominently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Happ among others during the team’s return to prominence under Hurdle.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But Mr. Nixon also showed how to post successes by using the visibility and prominence of his office.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A price is paid for early prominence; in many cases, the winners are the ones who wait.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 声望; 突出; 卓越; [天]日珥
分布：突出(85%)，声望(11%)，突出物(4%)
杰出,突出(pro+min+ence)[min=project,表示"伸出,突出"]
US ['prɑ:.mə-] noun uncountable
■the state of being easily seen or well known 明显可见，有名
• Most of the papers give prominence to (= put in a noticeable position) the same story this morning. 今天早上大多数报纸都在显著位置刊登了同一条新闻。
• It's the first time that a lawyer of such prominence (= fame and importance) has been given the freedom to air his views on TV. 一位如此著名的律师获准在电视上自由地发表观点，这是第一次。
• Elton was one of the comedians who came to/rose to/gained prominence in the 1980s. 爱尔顿是20世纪80年代成名的喜剧演员之一。
n. 突出；显著；突出物；卓越
 - projection, protrusion

Word: cannon
Front: cannon
[ˈkænən] (研四六雅 8430/7136 -2)
Vocabulary: cannon
(once / 298 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4nv
A cannon is a large gun that fires heavy metal shells or other projectiles. Originally it was attached to wheels and pulled by men.
More recently, cannon refers to the largest gun on a tank or the automatic guns on a plane. All cannons, however old they are, have basically the same shape — a long, thick tube. Not surprising, then, that the term comes from the Latin word canna, meaning "tube" or "reed." Do not confuse with the word canon, with one n, which is a term of classification, as in its most common usage, "the literary canon."
WORD FAMILY
cannon: cannoned, cannoneer, cannoning, cannons+/cannoneer: cannoneers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s relaxed, one hand on hip, the other leaning on a cannon.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A stage adaptation of Janell Cannon’s book about a baby bat that falls into a bird’s nest.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
America’s Got Talent: Holiday Spectacular Reigning “AGT” champ Grace VanderWaal is among the performers in this encore special hosted by Nick Cannon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 大炮; 机关炮; 榴弹炮; 加农炮
vi. 与…猛撞; 开炮
vt. 炮轰
时态：cannoned, cannoning, cannons
分布：大炮(71%)，开炮(13%)，机关炮(10%)，相撞(6%)
→来自cane, 芦苇。-on, 大词后缀。因形如大芦苇而得名。
n.大炮,火炮When the cannon was fired, the earth quaked.当开炮时,地在震动.
noun countable (plural cannon or cannons)
■a large, powerful gun fixed to two or four wheels, which fires heavy stone or metal balls, and which was used in the past （旧时的）大炮，火炮，加农炮
■a gun fastened to an aircraft （飞机上的）机关枪
['kæn.ən] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition UK
■to knock or hit against someone or something suddenly and forcefully as you are running 突然撞上，碰撞
• I was rushing along with my head down when I cannoned into an old lady walking the other way. 我正一路低头跑着，突然撞上了一个迎面走来的老妇人。
pistol, fifle, gun, cannon
这组词都有“枪，炮”的意思，其区别是：
pistol: 指手枪。
fifle: 指步枪类的枪。
gun: 系枪的通称。
cannon: 在军事上，现在gun指火炮，取代了cannon这一名词。
n. 大炮； [军] 加农炮；榴弹炮；机关炮
 - artillery gun, ordnance
vi. 炮轰；开炮
 - fire a gun
vt. 炮轰
 - shell

Word: narcotic
Front: narcotic
[nɑ:ˈkɒtɪk] (托雅宝 8433/15503 -1)
Vocabulary: narcotic
(once / 2114 pages)
nadj
Use the noun narcotic to talk about a pain relieving or sleep inducing drug and the adjective narcotic to describe anything that has these same effects.
Patients who have their wisdom teeth removed are often given a narcotic to ease their pain afterward. A numbing drug is usually just what they need to recover — that and plenty of ice cream. If a hot bath and a cup of tea make you incredibly drowsy, you can say that they have a narcotic effect on you. In the United States, narcotic drugs are illegal without a doctor's prescription — narcotic often has a negative connotation, especially when it's used in news reports.
WORD FAMILY
narcotic: narcotically, narcotics, narcotise, narcotize+/narcotise: narcotised, narcotising/narcotize: narcotized, narcotizes, narcotizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another red flag: Ray said if a pharmacist orders more narcotics than are being distributed through order prescriptions it may draw the inspector’s interest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Security footage later released by police showed Hollins jumping the counter and demanding liquid narcotics while keeping one hand inside the bag.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
One day a cellmate, convicted of selling narcotics online, sidled up to him with some news.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 麻醉药; 镇定剂
adj. 麻醉的; 催眠的; 起麻痹作用的; 吸毒成瘾的
分布：麻醉药(50%)，毒品(31%)，催眠的(8%)，镇静剂(6%)，麻醉的(5%)
→来自narcotic,麻醉。
麻醉的[narc=numbxx 神话学]
【记】读：那颗“提克”，提克是鸦片的前身。
【参】nasal（adj 鼻的；鼻音的）
US [nɑ:r'kɑ:tˌ-] noun countable mainly US an illegal drug such as heroin or cocaine 毒品（如海洛因或古柯碱）
• He faces three years in jail for selling narcotics. 他因出售毒品而面临三年的监禁。
■specialized
■a drug which makes you want to sleep and prevents you feeling pain 催眠药；麻醉剂
• Morphine is a narcotic. 吗啡是一种麻醉剂。
UK [nɑ:'kɒt.ɪk] US [nɑ:r'kɑ:tˌ-] adjective
■relating to drugs which make you want to sleep and prevent pain 催眠药；麻醉剂
• narcotic drugs 麻醉剂
• a narcotic effect 催眠效果
adj. [药] 麻醉的；有麻醉作用的；催眠的
 - anesthetic, anaesthetic
n. [药] 麻醉药；镇静剂；起麻醉作用的事物
 - drug, banque

Word: multitude
Front: multitude
[ˈmʌltɪtju:d] (研六托雅宝 8435/8452 -1)
Vocabulary: multitude
(once / 196 pages)
n
A multitude is a very large number or a huge crowd. If you see a multitude of zombies approaching, you're in trouble.
Sometimes the word multitude refers to the common people, or the masses — that is, everyone in a society apart from the political elite. There are a lot of words and phrases for this, like hoi polloi, which is Greek for "the many," and "the great unwashed." Those last two terms are usually used in a disapproving way, but multitudes is generally a positive term. If you were to say that a leader inspired the multitudes to rise up against their oppressor, we'd assume that you sympathized with the multitudes.
WORD FAMILY
multitude: multitudes, multitudinous +/ multitudinous: multitudinously, multitudinousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cash they send home builds homes, funds small businesses, refurbishes churches and schools, and provides sustenance for multitudes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Lightning, who because of a multitude of injuries dressed just 11 forwards and seven defensemen, lost two skaters in the second period.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
This is a positive development, in that it mitigates one of the raging multitude of ethical breaches that the Trump presidency will usher in.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 大量，许多; 大众，人群
分布：大量(44%)，多数(31%)，群众(25%)
→multi-,许多，多个，-tude,名词后缀。
多数;群众(multi+tude状态→多的状态→多数)[multi-表示"很多,很多"]
n.众多,大量He has a multitude of friend.他有许多朋友.
US [-tˌə.tu:d] noun formal
a multitude of
■a large number of people or things 许多，众多
• The city has a multitude of problems, from homelessness to drugs and murder. 这个城市存在着很多问题，从无家可归到吸毒和谋杀，不胜枚举。
• This case has raised a multitude of questions. 这个案例引出了许多问题。
the multitude
■a large crowd of people 人群
• He stepped out onto the balcony to address the multitude below. 他走上讲台，向台下的人群发表演讲。
the multitudes
■large numbers of people 众多的人
• the multitudes using the Internet 众多使用网际网路的人们
■the ordinary people who form the largest group in a society 大众，民众
UK ['mʌl.tɪ.tju:d] US [-tˌə.tu:d] noun formal
cover / hide a multitude of sins humorous
■to prevent people from seeing or discovering something bad 隐瞒实情；遮掩缺点
• Large sweaters are warm and practical and hide a multitude of sins. 宽大的毛衣既暖和又实用，而且还能遮掩一大堆缺点。
n. 群众；多数
 - majority, mass

Word: cloak
Front: cloak
[kləʊk] (研四六 8441/6563 -1)
Vocabulary: cloak
(once / 254 pages)
nv
A cloak is anything that conceals or hides something, like an over-sized, dark raincoat you wear when you don't want your friends to see you're going to the movies without them.
As a noun, a cloak is usually a loose piece of clothing that you wear over your other clothes, like a cape or a gown. It especially refers to an outer garment that you might wear while traveling in order to protect your outfit or to conceal your identity. As a verb, to cloak is to conceal or hide something. If you were a famous person who wanted to go out alone, you might cloak your identity with a cloak.
WORD FAMILY
cloak: cloaked, cloaking, cloaks, uncloak+/uncloak: uncloaked, uncloaking, uncloaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The whole process was slightly cloak and dagger but the non-retail nature only added to the allure of the sale.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
These images are by turn — and sometimes all at once — bold, unflinching, poetic, familiar, cloaked, direct, joyful, defiant, mischievous and suspicious.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
At the beginning of December, Paris was hit by some of the worst air pollution in a decade, leaving the Eiffel Tower cloaked in smog.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 披风，斗篷; 外套; 借口，掩饰; 覆盖物
vt. 遮盖，掩盖; 用外衣遮蔽
时态：cloaked, cloaking, cloaks
分布：隐匿(27%)，宽大外衣(22%)，遮掩(22%)，斗蓬(22%)，掩盖物(7%)
→来自clock,因形似钟而得名。
n.斗蓬,披风;掩饰,幌子vt.掩盖,掩饰Cousin saw a group of couples in cloaks soak their souls in the soapy soup.表哥看见一群穿着斗篷的夫妇在肥皂汤里浸泡灵魂.
US [kloʊk] noun
PIECE OF CLOTHING 衣服
countable
■a loose outer piece of clothing without sleeves, which fastens at the neck, and is worn instead of a coat 斗篷，披风
UK [kləʊk] US [kloʊk] noun
HIDE 隐藏
[S or U]
■something which hides, covers or keeps something else secret 遮掩物；伪装；掩盖
• The restaurant he owned was just a cloak for (= hid) his drug-dealing activities. 他开那家餐馆不过是为他从事毒品交易作掩护。
• They left the house under cloak of darkness. 他们趁着天黑离开了那所房子。
UK [kləʊk] US [kloʊk] verb transitive
■to cover or hide something 掩藏，掩盖
• He has always kept his love affairs cloaked in secrecy (= kept them secret). 他总是隐瞒他的风流韵事。
• The river is often cloaked in mist in the early morning. 清晨，这条河上常常是雾霭弥漫。
cloak, mask, disguise
这组词都有“伪装”的意思，其区别是：
cloak: 指采取伪装来掩盖或隐藏真实面目或本性或企图。
mask: 本义为“面罩”，引申“掩饰”解时，指掩饰某物的真实性质或存在的伪装。
disguise: 指改变装束或外表以掩饰自己的真面目或冒充他人。有时仅指掩饰感情、动机或意图。
n. 斗蓬；宽大外衣；托词
 - subterfuge, cloke
vt. 遮掩；隐匿
 - overcurtain, obscure

Word: vault
Front: vault
[vɔ:lt] (六托宝 8437/7953 -1)
Vocabulary: vault
(once / 368 pages)
nv
Vault is a verb that means "to jump over something." If you were hurrying out to the pasture to visit your favorite cow, you might vault over the gate in your excitement.
When you support yourself with your hands as you jump over some hurdle, you vault, just as a gymnast might do across a vault — a piece of gymnastic equipment made to be vaulted over after a running start. Another meaning of vault is the arched roof of a building, or something that resembles such an archway. A storage chamber, especially one that's kept underground, is also a vault, like a bank vault.
WORD FAMILY
vault: vaulted, vaulter, vaulting, vaults+/vaulter: vaulters/vaulting: vaultingly, vaultings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means more rain gardens, stormwater vaults and permeable pavement for all new development in the county.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is supposed to be removed and locked in a secure vault after business hours each day.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Ivanovic won her only major, at the French Open, in 2008, a victory that vaulted her to No. 1 in the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拱顶，穹窿; 地下室; 撑物跳; 墓穴
vt. 进行撑竿跳; 做成圆拱形; 成穹状; （以手撑物或撑竿）跳过
vi. 跳跃; 成穹状弯曲
时态：vaulted, vaulting, vaults
分布：地下室(29%)，穹(21%)，撑竿跳(18%)，窖(14%)，跳跃(10%)，做成圆拱形(7%)，撑竿跳跃(1%)
→来自拉丁语volutus,弯，拱，来自wel,弯，转，词源同wall,evolve,引申词义保险库，撑杆跳。
【记】因为家里有vault，所以值得vaunt
US [vɑ:lt] noun countable
ARCH 拱
■a type of arch which supports a roof or ceiling, especially in a church or public building, or a ceiling or roof supported by several of these arches （尤指教堂或公共建筑的）拱顶，穹顶
UK [vɒlt] US [vɑ:lt] noun countable
ROOM 房间 (UK also vaults)
■a room, especially in a bank, with thick walls and a strong door, which is used to store money or valuable things in safe conditions （尤指银行的）金库，保险库
• a bank vault 银行金库
• She entered the vault with an armed guard. 她同一名武装保安一起进入了金库。
■a room under a church or a small building in a cemetery where dead bodies are buried （教堂的）地下墓室；（墓地的）墓穴
• She was buried in the family vault. 她被葬在家族墓室里。
UK [vɒlt] US [vɑ:lt] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to jump over something by first putting your hands on it or by using a pole （用手支撑或撑杆）跳跃，跃过
• He vaulted over the gate. 他从那扇大门上翻了过去。
• She vaulted the wall and kept running. 她跃过了那堵墙继续往前跑。
• specialized He has vaulted 6.02m in indoor competitions this year. 在今年的室内比赛中他跃过了6.02米的高度。
⇒ See also the pole vault
transitive formal
■to move someone or something suddenly to a much more important position 突然提升；使跃居
• Last week's changes vaulted the general to the top, over the heads of several of his seniors. 上周的变动使这位将军一下子超过他的几位上司而跃居最高层。
tomb, grave, vault
这组词都有“坟墓，墓穴”的意思，其区别是：
tomb: 语气比grave庄重，指有建筑工程的坟墓，可在地上，也可在地下。
grave: 一般的土墓，指埋葬尸体的场所。
vault: 指地下存放尸体或棺材的地方，也指用混凝土预制的墓穴。
n. 拱顶；撑竿跳；地下室
 - basement, undercroft
vi. 跳跃；成穹状弯曲
 - jump, dance

Word: knit
Front: knit
[nɪt] (研四六雅宝 8436/3347 -K2)
Vocabulary: knit
(once / 370 pages)
1vn 2v
If you decide to knit a sweater, you will need yarn, knitting needles, an instruction manual, and lots of patience! Knitting involves different kinds of stitches or consecutive loops that you create in rows.
The verb is derived from the Old English cnyttan, meaning “to tie with a knot, bind or fasten.” While knitting can also be completed with a machine, many people knit hats, scarves, and mittens as a hobby. Knit can also mean “entwine.” Two ideas or concepts can be knit together, and it could be said that a marriage knits two people together. Note that the ‘k’ at the beginning is silent.
WORD FAMILY
knit: knits, knitted, knitter, knitting+/knitter: knitters/knitting: knittings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Knitted figures with, frankly, very good crochet work.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
An appeal for volunteers to knit cots, wraps and hats for still-born babies saw a big response and items now fill Mr Scully-Sloan's living room.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
In the back room, where Ms. Cook-Lopez used to do her schoolwork as a girl, she now runs knitting and crocheting classes.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 编织，编结; 接合（折骨等）; 使皱起，使皱紧; 使紧密相联
n. 编织物; 编织法
时态：knit, knitted, knitting, knits
分布：编织(76%)，结合(10%)，皱眉(9%)，密接(5%)
→来自knot的动词形式。
v.编织,编结;接合,粘合I've been knitting since morning.我从早上起一直在编织毛线.
【记】源于knot（n 结；v 打结）
【参】knoll（n 小圆丘）这个单词也源于knot。
【反】ravel（v 拆线；解开）
verb
MAKE CLOTHES 做衣服
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit)
■to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles to connect wool or another type of thread into joined rows 编结；编织
• She's forever knitting. 她总是在织东西。
• She's busy knitting baby clothes. 她忙着编织婴儿衣服。
• [+ two objects] My granny knitted me some gloves/knitted some gloves for me. 我外婆为我织了些手套。
⇒ See also knitwear
transitive (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit) specialized
■to do the most basic type of stitch, when knitting something 织（平针）
• Knit one, purl one. 正一针，反一针。
[nɪt] verb
JOIN 连结
intransitive or transitive (knitting, knit, knit)
■to join together （使）结合
• The broken bone should begin to knit (together) in a few days. 断骨会在几天内开始愈合。
• The two communities are closely knit by a common faith. 两个团体因共同的信仰而紧密联合在一起。
closely/tightly knit (also close/tight-knit)
■closely connected 紧密相连的
• a very close-knit family 关系紧密的家庭
• a tightly knit community 紧密团结的团体
[nɪt] verb
knit your brow/brows literary
■to frown (= move your eyebrows down and together) because you are thinking carefully, or because you are angry or worried 皱眉；眉头紧锁
• He knitted his brow in concentration. 他紧锁双眉，神情专注。
weave, knit
这组词都有“编织”的意思，其区别是：
weave: 指用机器或手工编织物品。
knit: 指用织钟把毛线等编织成衣物等。
vi. [纺] 编织；结合；皱眉
 - couple, bond, become one, combine
vt. [纺] 编织；结合
 - become one, couple, link

Word: temperament
Front: temperament
[ˈtemprəmənt] (研六托雅 8423/7816 -1)
Vocabulary: temperament
(once / 397 pages)
1n 2n
While a mood can change, your temperament is your overall tone most of the time. Just like dogs, people have temperaments: some are aggressive; some are playful; and some are just happy to carry your slippers.
Just as a temperature gives a reading of how hot or cold something is, your temperament gives a reading of your disposition, or general outlook. Some folks with optimistic temperaments see that glass as half full; other more pessimistic folks see it as half empty. And there are still others who prefer to drink straight from the bottle.
WORD FAMILY
temperament: temperamental, temperaments+/ temperamental: temperamentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Massachusetts Republican famously refused to support Trump during the campaign - even refused to vote for him after raising concerns about Trump’s temperament.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Meanwhile there was no such thing back then as equal temperament.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But the most striking aspect of this film’s aesthetic — a better word might be temperament — is its gentle, unassuming modesty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 性格; （人或动物的）气质; 易冲动; （性情）暴躁
分布：气质(73%)，性情(27%)
→来自 temper,脾性，性情，-ment,名词后缀。
气质;性情(temper脾气+a+ment→脾气状态→性情)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
n.气质,性格,性情;资质He is of a nervous temperament.他有点神经质.
US [-pɚ.ə-] noun countable or uncountable
■the part of your character that affects your moods and the way you behave 气质；性情；性格
• a fiery temperament 暴躁的性情
n. 气质，性情， [心理] 性格；急躁
 - character, disposition, make

Word: drummer
Front: drummer
[ˈdrʌmə(r)] (8442/10672)
Vocabulary: drummer
(once / 1643 pages)
n
A drummer is a musician who plays the drums. The drummer in a rock band might play a huge set of many different drums and other percussion instruments.
A professional drummer could play in a marching band, a classical symphony, or a country and western group. A casual drummer can be someone who taps on the bongoes in a city park or takes drumming lessons and practices in her basement. The word drummer comes from drum, which has a Germanic, imitative root — it's a word that sounds like its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
drummer: drummers+/ drum: drum-like, drummed, drummer, drumming, drums/drumming: drummings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But at least we owe the band for the far more interesting Father John Misty, its former drummer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Few other drummers were as integral to the development of fusion as Mr. Mouzon, who combined volcanic intensity with a brisk attunement to dynamic flow.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The band — still touring with the original lineup, which also includes lead guitarist Billy Zoom and drummer D.J.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 鼓手; 〈美口〉旅行推销员; 跑街
分布：鼓手(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who plays a drum or a set of drums, especially in a music group （尤指乐队中的）鼓手
n. 鼓手；旅行推销员；跑街
 - travelling salesman, commercial traveler

Word: disruptive
Front: disruptive
[dɪsˈrʌptɪv] (六宝 8450/9769)
Vocabulary: disruptive
(once / 7577 pages)
adj
Anything disruptive is loud, chaotic, and disorderly. Disruptive things disturb people and upset the applecart.
Have you ever heard a teacher tell a loud student "Stop being disruptive"? Things that are disruptive tend to disturb others. Kids whispering in class can be disruptive. A screaming baby on a plane can be disruptive. If you're trying to play baseball and it starts raining, that's disruptive as well. When you're trying to do something and a surprising event screws everything up, it can probably be described with the word disruptive.
WORD FAMILY
disruptive: disruptively+/ disrupt: disrupted, disrupting, disruption, disruptive, disrupts/ disruption: disruptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
This season, he was team’s most disruptive lineman.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s better to acquire disruptive technology than to be disrupted by that technology.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some days it did tip over into what some teachers would call "disruptive".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 分裂性的; 破坏的; 扰乱的
分布：破坏性的(74%)，分裂的(14%)，制造混乱的(12%)
adjective
■causing trouble and therefore stopping something from continuing as usual 捣乱的，引起混乱的
• His teacher described him as a noisy, disruptive influence in class. 他的老师说他在班里是一个喜欢吵吵嚷嚷的捣乱分子。
adj. 破坏的；分裂性的；制造混乱的
 - destructive, devastative

Word: degrade
Front: degrade
[dɪˈgreɪd] (六托雅 8440/11309 -1)
Vocabulary: degrade
(once / 320 pages)
v
Degrade means to put down––a degrading comment is one that makes the subject feel bad, a degraded field is one whose soil has been worn out. If you move from an A average to a B, you've been degraded.
When you whistle at a passing woman, you're being disrespectful––your behavior is degrading to women. In science, degrade means to break down. Old paper or photographs can degrade when left in the light––their material breaks down so that they crumble at a touch.
WORD FAMILY
degrade: degradation, degraded, degrader, degrades, degrading +/ degradation: degradations/degraded: degradedly/degrader: degraders/ degrading: degradingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment is never a morally permissible option, even if lives depend on gaining information,” the manual said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some appear to be in good condition but were conserved using a 1940s process that is slowly degrading the documents housed in the temperature-controlled archives.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Environmentalists are fighting the plan, saying it would degrade the river’s natural status.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 降低，贬低; 使降级; 降低…身分; 使丢脸
vt. & vi. （使）退化，降解，分解; 降解; 撤职，免职; 降低品格[身价，价值（等）]
时态：degraded, degrading, degrades
分布：降解(71%)，退化(14%)，贬低(11%)，降格(3%)，使屈辱(1%)
→de-, 向下。grade, 层级。即降级。
降级;退化(de向下+grade→向下降级)[grad=step,grade,表示"步,级"]
【记】de降低，grade阶段－使降级
【参】retrograde（adj 倒退的；v 倒退）；upgrade（vt 使升级；改良）
verb
LOSE RESPECT 使失去价值
transitive
■to cause people to feel that they or other people have no value and do not have the respect or good opinion of others 贬低；降低…的身份；侮辱…的人格
• Pornography degrades women. 色情作品是对女性的侮辱。
[dɪ'greɪd] verb
SPOIL 破坏
transitive
■to spoil or destroy the beauty or quality of something 玷污；损害，危害
• Every day the environment is further degraded by toxic wastes. 环境日益受到有毒废物的危害。
intransitive or transitive specialized
■If the quality of something electrical or electronic degrades or is degraded, it becomes less good or less correct. （使）（无线电信号、灵敏度等）降低
[dɪ'greɪd] verb
CHANGE STRUCTURE 改变结构
intransitive specialized
■(of a substance) to change into a more simple chemical structure 降解；分解
• These chemicals quickly degrade into harmless compounds. 这些化学制品能很快分解为无害化合物。
⇒ See also biodegrade
degrade, humble, disgrace, humiliate
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
degrade: 指因过失而受到降级、阶格；也多指因自身的境遇而感到耻辱。
humble: 常可和degrade换用，强调降级所带来的耻辱；也多指自卑和感到渺小无能的心理状态。
disgrace: 指降低某人在他人心目中的地位，使其丢脸。
humiliate: 指损伤或剥夺自尊感，损坏自尊心，强调蒙受耻辱。
degrade, underestimate, alleviate, minimize
degrade: 使降级，降低价值，降解，堕落
underestimate: 低估，看低
alleviate: 减少，主要指将（痛苦等）减轻；
minimize: 最小化，将……减到最小
vt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解
 - lower, bemean
vi. 降级，降低；退化
 - sink in the scale, lower down

Word: chilly
Front: chilly
[ˈtʃɪli] (托 8438/9759 -1)
Vocabulary: chilly
(once / 1031 pages)
1adj 2n
Did someone leave a window open? It's chilly in here! That word means "cold," and it can also mean that someone's acting in a frosty way.
The main meaning of chilly is cold, but this word is often used for emotions too, just like "warm." A warm person is loving and kind, but a chilly person is unemotional, distant, and quiet. Chilly people are often called "aloof" — another word for someone who's not acting like a people person. "After you turned them in for cheating on their homework, they gave you a chilly reception."
WORD FAMILY
chilly: chillier, chilliest, chillily, chilliness, chillys+/ chill: chilled, chiller, chilling, chills, chilly /chiller: chillers/chilling: chillingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was a genuine stodginess to the early exchanges here on a chilly, clear, post-festive evening in east London.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
For some folks, a chilly plunge into Lake Washington was the perfect way to start the year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That’s the unfortunate fate suffered by Daughter’s sophomore effort, “Not To Disappear,” whose chilly songs sound as desolate as a frozen tundra.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 寒冷的; 怕冷的; 冷淡的，疏远的; 使心恐惧的
级别：chillier, chilliest
分布：寒冷的(82%)，冷淡的(15%)，干辣椒(3%)
→来自gel, 冷，词源同cold,glacier.
adjective
COLD 寒冷的 (literary chill)
■(of weather, conditions in a room, or parts of the body) cold （天气、房间或人体）寒冷的，凉飕飕的
• The bathroom gets chilly in the winter. 冬天浴室变得很冷。
• I felt a bit chilly so I put on a jacket. 我觉得有点冷，所以就穿了件夹克衫。
• a chilly October day 十月寒气袭人的一天
['tʃɪl.i] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■unfriendly 冷淡的，不友好的
• I went to see the sales manager but got a rather chilly reception. 我去见销售经理，可是却受到了冷漠对待。
cool, icy, cold, chilly, freezing, frosty
这组词都有“冷、凉”的意思，其区别是：
cool: 指既不太热也不太冷。
icy: 多指风暴、风雪和水等冷得使人感到如刺如割。
cold: 最普通用词，强调缺乏温暖，使人不舒服。
chilly: 指使哆嗦的冷。
freezing: 指使人僵直，使东西凝固的冷。
frosty: 指雾气在寒冷物体的表面凝结成薄冰时的严寒结霜的温度。
adj. 寒冷的；怕冷的
 - cold, acold

Word: convoy
Front: convoy
[ˈkɒnvɔɪ] (托宝 8446/6616 -2)
Vocabulary: convoy
(once / 866 pages)
nv
To travel in a convoy is to be escorted by a group of protective vehicles. If you are a teenage rock star with millions of fans, you probably need a security convoy just to go visit your grandmother.
If the President visits your town, you may see a huge convoy of secret service vehicles, limousines, and police cars. Ships can also travel in convoys, with those carrying valuable items surrounded by warships. As a verb, convoy describes the act of traveling together, like when your family and other families convoy to a camp ground, driving in a group, making stops together, and waving to each other on the highway.
WORD FAMILY
convoy: convoyed, convoying, convoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the early hours of Monday 4 January a convoy of police vehicles pulled up in the ground-floor garage of the U-shaped installation.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Hospitals and schools were repeatedly hit and UN relief supplies were suspended after an aid convoy was strafed.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The Old Bailey heard the high-profile convoys led by the Muslim community became unwitting vehicles for the plan to fund terrorism.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 护航队; 护送; 被护送者
vt. 护航; 护送
时态：convoyed, convoying, convoys
分布：护航(40%)，护送(26%)，护卫(24%)，护航队(9%)，警护(1%)
→con-, 强调。-voy, 路，词源同via, way. 即护送上路的队伍。
护航,护送(con一起+voy走→一起走→护送)[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
【记】con共同，voy路，看－一路上有很多人照看－护送，护航convey（vt 搬运；转让）需要convoy
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
■a group of vehicles or ships which travel together, especially for protection （尤指护卫）舰队，车队
• A convoy of trucks containing supplies was sent to the famine area. 一支满载补给品的车队被派往饥荒严重的地区。
in convoy
■travelling one behind another in a row 结队而行
• Shall we all drive to the party in convoy so we don't get lost? 我们结队开车去参加聚会，免得迷路，好吗？
UK ['kɒn.vɔɪ] US ['kɑ:n-] verb transitive
■to travel with a vehicle or group of people to make certain that they arrive safely 护卫，护送
• Two tanks convoyed the trucks across the border. 两辆坦克护送卡车穿越边境。
vt. 护航； [军] 护送
 - escort

Word: flank
Front: flank
[flæŋk] (六雅 8452/7126 -2)
Vocabulary: flank
(once / 307 pages)
nv
A flank is the side of something, whether of beef or a military formation.
Although flank is specifically used to talk about a cut of meat, or the right or left side of a military formation, we also use it in those same senses for other objects. If you've put on weight, it's probably not just your tummy sticking out a bit more, but the lovehandles on your flanks. If you see someone walking down the street with bodyguards on either side, she's flanked by guards.
WORD FAMILY
flank: flanked, flanker, flanking, flanks+/flanker: flankers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its scoreboard is flanked by American and Israeli flags.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Carsten Kammlott celebrates in jubilation, astounded at what he’s just done, after impeccably meeting a cross from the right flank.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Trump was flanked by legendary boxing promoter Don King as he answered several questions from reporters.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 侧面; 侧腹; 侧边; 侧翼
vt. 位于…之侧面; 侧面有; 守侧面; 攻击侧面
vi. 侧面与…相接
adv. 在左右两边
时态：flanked, flanking, flanks
分布：侧面(54%)，侧腹(25%)，守侧面(6%)，腰窝肉(6%)，攻击侧面(6%)，位于…侧面(3%)
→来自kleng, 弯，转，词源同link. 进一步来自klei的鼻音形式，倾斜，词源同lean, incline.
noun countable
BODY 身体
■the area of the body between the ribs and the hips of an animal or a person （动物或人体的）胁腹
[flæŋk] noun countable
SIDE 边
■the side of something 在…侧面
• right/left flank 右／左侧
• A small group of houses clings to the eastern flank of the mountain. 一小簇房子紧依山的东侧而建。
[flæŋk] verb transitive usually passive
■to be at the side of someone or something 在…侧面
• The president was flanked by senior ministers. 部长们簇拥在总统的两侧。
n. 侧面； [军] 侧翼；侧腹
 - side, profile plane

Word: playful
Front: playful
[ˈpleɪfl] (8444/14730 -1)
Vocabulary: playful
(once / 745 pages)
adj
Use the adjective playful to describe someone who likes to have fun and doesn't take things too seriously. A playful kindergarten teacher makes everything seem like a game, even lining up to go outside for recess.
A group of cheerful kids playing musical chairs at a birthday party can be called playful, and so can a litter of wiggly puppies. A playful joke might be mischievous, but it's meant in a silly, friendly way. This word has been around since the thirteenth century, in the sense of "full of play." The Old English root word is plegan, which means "frolic, move rapidly, make sport of, or play music."
WORD FAMILY
playful: playfully, playfulness, unplayful+/interplay: interplays/misplay: misplayed, misplaying, misplays/overplay: overplayed, overplaying, overplays/ play: counterplay, foreplay, interplay, misplay, overplay, playable, played, player, playful, playing, playlet, plays, replay, underplay/playable: unplayable/ player: players/ playfulness: playfulnesses/playing: playings/playlet: playlets/ replay: replayed, replaying, replays/underplay: underplayed, underplaying, underplays/unplayful: unplayfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
His overtime goal and playful celebration are shown on the video board before every game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
At 101, there is still something girlish and playful about her.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Ms. Gerrity’s style is yet lighter, more playful; she twinkles.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 闹着玩的; 爱玩的; 戏谑的
分布：嬉戏的(62%)，开玩笑的(28%)，爱玩耍的(10%)
adjective
■funny and not serious 有趣的，闹着玩的
• a playful exchange of insults 开玩笑的相互讥讽
• He was in a playful mood. 他很想逗趣一下。
adj. 开玩笑的；幽默的；爱嬉戏的
 - jestful, humorous

Word: performing
Front: performing
[pə'fɔ:mɪŋ] (8439/11648)
Back: adj. 表演的，履行的
v. 执行( perform的现在分词 ); 履行; 表演; 扮演
分布：表演的(76%)，履行的(16%)，动词perform的现在分词形式.(8%)
VERB
做，执行，履行（尤指复杂的任务或行动）
When you perform a task or action, especially a complicated one, you do it.
例：We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery, kindness or courage...我们正在寻找那些见义勇为、乐于助人、勇气可嘉的人，年龄不限。
例：His council had had to perform miracles on a tiny budget...他的委员会不得不以极少的预算去创造奇迹。
VERB
起…作用；有…功能
If something performs a particular function, it has that function.
例：A complex engine has many separate components, each performing a different function.一个复杂发动机有很多独立零部件，每个零部件具有不同作用。
VERB
演出；表演；演奏
If you perform a play, a piece of music, or a dance, you do it in front of an audience.
例：Gardiner has pursued relentlessly high standards in performing classical music...加德纳一直不懈地追求古典音乐演奏的高水准。
例：This play was first performed in 411 BC...该剧于公元前411年首演。
VERB
（人）表现良好/很差；（事物）运转良好/糟糕
If someone or something performs well, they work well or achieve a good result. If they perform badly, they work badly or achieve a poor result.
例：He had not performed well in his exams...他考试没考好。
例：England performed so well against France at Wembley...在温布利球场上，英格兰队表现出色，击败了法国队。
adj. 表演的；履行的
 - histrionic
v. 表演（perform的ing形式）；履行
 - staging

Word: mildly
Front: mildly
[ˈmaɪldli] (8445/7572)
Back: adv. 和善地; 轻微地; 说得委婉些; 说得好听一点
分布：和善地(56%)，柔和地(22%)，谨慎地(22%)
→来自mile,轻微的。
adverb
■slightly 略微
• I was mildly surprised to see him here. 在这里看到他令我略感惊讶。
■in a gentle way 温和地
• "I think you've made a mistake," he said mildly. “我认为你犯了个错误。”他温和地说。
['maɪld.li] adverb
to put it mildly
■used for saying that something is much more extreme than your words suggest 保守地说；说得好听（或委婉）一点
• It has been a remarkable day, to put it mildly. 说得委婉一点，这是不寻常的一天。
adv. 温和地，和善地；适度地
 - gently, reasonably, friendly, soft

Word: lag
Front: lag
[læg] (研四六托雅宝 8448/9463 -2)
Vocabulary: lag
(once / 1109 pages)
1vn 2n 3v 4v 5v
When you can't keep up with your fellow marathon runners, you can say that you lag behind them.
The word lag describes a kind of slowness or delay. As a noun, it means a slowing: "The coach was disappointed by the lag in her swimmers' best times that day." When you lag behind someone, you fall back or don't measure up. A student who struggles with math, for example, might say that his grades lag behind his best friend's. In the 1550s, lag meant "last person."
WORD FAMILY
lag: lagged, lagger, lagging, lags+/lagger: laggers/lagging: laggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Klawans frequently held cash while the market was rising; the fund seldom lost money, but often lagged the market.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Furman also suggested that consumer confidence was a lagging indicator.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Typically, there’s about a six-month lag between the time demand starts to slow and prices begin to fall, Soper said from his Toronto office.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 走得极慢，落后
vt. 落后于; 给…加上外套; 把…关进牢里; 逮捕
n. 滞后，（两事件之间的）时间间隔; 囚犯; 防护套; 桶板
时态：lagged, lagging, lags
分布：落后(93%)，时间间隔(5%)，缓慢进行(1%)，减退(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自lug,用力拖拉。引申词义缓慢，滞后。
v./n.落后,滞后vt.用隔热材料覆盖(锅炉等)The lagging man tagged the bags among the luggage with small flags.落伍者给行李中的袋子加上小旗标签.
【记】身上长了两条lag，而不是leg所以走得比较慢－落后。
【参】laggard（n 落后者；adj 缓慢的）；sluggard（n 懒人）
【反】forge ahead（稳步前进）
verb (-gg-)
MOVE SLOWLY 缓慢移动
intransitive
■to move or make progress so slowly that you are behind other people or things 缓慢移动；掉队，滞后
• He's lagging behind a bit - I think we'd better wait for him to catch us up. 他有点脱队了——我看我们最好等他赶上来。
• Sales are lagging at the moment. 目前的销售很不景气。
[læg] verb (-gg-)
COVER 覆盖
transitive
■to cover something with a thick layer of material in order to stop heat from escaping or to stop water from freezing （为保温而）覆盖，（为防止结冰而）给…加保温层
• to lag pipes 给管道加保温层
[læg] verb (-gg-)
PRISON 监狱
transitive Australian informal
■to send someone to prison or to arrest someone 使入狱，逮捕
[læg] noun countable
DELAY 延迟
■a delay between two things happening （两件事之间的）间隔，延迟
• You have to allow for a time lag between order and delivery. 订货和送货之间要有一段时间间隔。
[læg] noun countable
PRISONER 囚犯 UK old-fashioned informal
■a prisoner or a person who has often been a prisoner in the past 囚犯，犯人；惯犯
• an old lag 惯犯
n. 落后；迟延；防护套；囚犯；桶板
 - backwardness, prisoner
vt. 落后于；押往监狱；加上外套
 - trail, take the dust of
vi. [电子] 滞后；缓缓而行；蹒跚
 - file over, titubate
adj. 最后的
 - finishing, last, eventual, rearmost, dernier

Word: nylon
Front: nylon
[ˈnaɪlɒn] (高研四六雅 8449/7129 -1)
Vocabulary: nylon
(once / 8615 pages)
n
Nylon is a fabric that's woven from man-made fibers. The great thing about your polka dotted nylon shirt is that you can throw it in the in wash instead of getting it dry cleaned.
Many clothes are made from nylon, as opposed to natural fibers like cotton, silk. Women's stockings are sometimes called nylons, but they were usually made from silk before the twentieth century invention of the cheaper and more durable nylon. Because nylon is a kind of sturdy woven plastic, it's also used to make things like car parts, food packaging, and the strings of instruments. Nylon, modeled on words like "cotton" and "rayon," is a completely made-up word, with no real roots.
WORD FAMILY
nylon: nylons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Pitch: The department store last year ran a native ad in Nylon, an online fashion magazine, promoting a clothing collection.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Kevin clipped two nylon gun holsters to the inside of the back of his jeans.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
These lightweight nylon cubes let you stuff your shirts, pants and dresses into small compartments for streamlined packing.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. [纺]尼龙; 尼龙织品; 〈口〉尼龙长袜
分布：名词(100%)
→品牌名。
n.尼龙A gallon of gasoline and the nylon overalls fall into the valley.一加仑汽油和尼龙工作裤落进了山谷.
US [-lɑ:n] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■an artificial substance used especially to make clothes, ropes and brushes 尼龙
• These covers are 100% nylon. 这些套子是百分之百尼龙的。
• a nylon shirt/bag 尼龙衬衫／书包
nylons [plural] old-fashioned
■women's nylon tights or stockings (= leg coverings) （女式）尼龙连裤袜，尼龙长袜
n. 尼龙， [纺] 聚酰胺纤维；尼龙袜
 - polymide, polyamide fiber

Word: vitality
Front: vitality
[vaɪˈtæləti] (托 8443/8639 -1)
Vocabulary: vitality
(once / 756 pages)
n
Are you full of life? Vigorous and energetic? Lucky you. You have vitality, the state of being strong and in great health.
Vitality also has the general meaning of "life force," as in the mysterious power that separates the living from the dead. The phrase "vital organs" comes from vitality, meaning a person's inner organs most essential to life. Abstract things can also have vitality, as in "the vitality of the state" or the vitality of Broadway Theater."
WORD FAMILY
vitality: vitalities+/devitalise: devitalisation, devitalised, devitalises, devitalising/devitalize: devitalization, devitalized, devitalizes, devitalizing/revitalise: revitalisation, revitalised, revitalising/revitalization: revitalizations/ revitalize: revitalization, revitalized, revitalizes, revitalizing/ vital: vitalest, vitalise, vitalism, vitality, vitalize, vitally, vitalness/vitalise: devitalise, revitalise, vitalisation, vitalised, vitaliser, vitalises, vitalising/vitalism: vitalist/vitalist: vitalists/vitalization: vitalizations/ vitalize: devitalize, revitalize, vitalization, vitalized, vitalizer, vitalizes, vitalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everything about Fisher, in fact, seemed irrepressible on set, from her blunt honesty to her physical vitality.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Measures of economic vitality including income growth, consumer spending and inflation weakened last month following a short-lived spurt.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
I'd like to find a little more vitality in my work.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 活力; 生气; 生命力; 持久性
分布：活力(65%)，生命力(35%)
活力(vital+izy)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】vital（adj 有活力的），ity：活力
【反】enervation（n 削弱；虚弱）；soporific（adj 催眠的；n 催眠剂）
US [-ə.tˌi] approving
noun uncountable
■energy and strength 生命力；活力
• According to the packet, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality. 据包装上的说明，这些维生素片可以恢复活力。
n. [生物] 活力，生气；生命力，生动性
 - animation, pet, spring, vigor

Word: low-cost
Front: low-cost
['ləʊ'kɒst] None
Back: adj. 价格便宜的，廉价的
分布：廉价的(50%)，价格便宜的(50%)
US [-'kɑ:st] adjective
■cheap 低成本的；便宜的，廉价的
• The 1990s saw a huge increase in the numbers of low-cost airlines. 20世纪90年代，低成本航空公司大量增加。
adj. 廉价的；价格便宜的
 - budget, cut-price

Word: abide
Front: abide
[əˈbaɪd] (研六托宝 8457/9496 -1)
Vocabulary: abide
(once / 378 pages)
1v 2v
Abide means to be able to live with, or stand. If you can't abide with something, it means you can't stand it. If you can abide it, it means you can live with it.
An old definition of abide is 'to live'––think of abode, as in dwelling. If you abide by the rules, it means you live with them, and you will follow them. If you can't abide your sister's shrill violin playing, it means you can't live with it, you can't be in the house when she's practicing. You abide something you don't like, like your teacher's long stories about math. It's not a pleasant experience, but what choice do you have?
WORD FAMILY
abide: abidance, abided, abides, abiding +/ abiding: abidingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rebel groups questioned Russia’s ability to force the Syrian government and their allies to abide by the terms of the ceasefire deal.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Players, abiding by their religious tenets, use the sport as an outlet between long hours spent studying Judaic texts and other subjects.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ray painstakingly tries to abide by all the rules, but that doesn’t mean tensions can’t run high when the board decides to drop in.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 容忍，忍受; 等候; 遵守
vi. 持续; 经受住，顶住; 居住，逗留
时态：abided, abiding, abides
分布：遵守(86%)，忍受(10%)，坚持(4%)
→前缀a-来自古英语前缀ge-, 同com-, 表强调。bide,等待，停留。
vi.(abode,abided)(by)遵守;坚持To abide the abiding bidding, the oxide bidder strides on the seaside.为了忍耐无休止的吩咐,氧化物投标者在海滨阔步行走.
【记】a一人，bid投标。只有一人投标。大家参加过拍卖会吗？如果一件拍品只有一人投标，对于拍卖官来说是很痛苦的一件事情，他必须（容忍），力求激发会场的热情，抬高价格。但是，事与愿违，只有一人投标，所以只能（忍受）一锤定音的痛苦了。Ab离开，id＝ID卡。我们的生活离开ID卡要[忍受]一定的痛苦。Ab离开，I爱，de拼：的－离开爱的：考GRE就要离开爱，但是为了事业，你要容忍，忍受。
【反】miscreant（n 有罪的人）－law-abiding individual（遵守法纪的人）
[ə'baɪd] old use
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
can't abide sb/sth
■If you can't abide someone or something, you dislike them very much （因为厌恶而）不能忍受，无法容忍
• I can't abide her. 我真受不了她。
• He couldn't abide laziness. 他无法容忍懒惰。
[ə'baɪd] old use
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
LIVE 居住
■to live or stay somewhere 居住；逗留；停留
• He abided in the wilderness for forty days. 他在荒野中渡过了40天。
[ə'baɪd] old use
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  abide by sth
■to accept or obey an agreement, decision or rule 遵守，遵循（协议、决定或规章）
• Competitors must abide by the judge's decision. 参赛者必须服从裁判的裁决。
conform, comply, abide, adhere
这组词都有“遵守”的意思，其区别是：
conform: v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。
 • All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.   每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply: v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。
 • Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.   我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
abide: v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。
 • I will abide by the director' decision.   我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere: v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)
 • Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.   汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
withstand, tolerate, stand, endure, suffer, abide
这组词都有“忍受”的意思，其区别是：
withstand: 指因具有一定实力、权力或能力而能忍受某种情况。
tolerate: 指以自我克制的态度，对待令人反感或厌恶的东西，含默认宽容意味。
stand: 口语用词，常可与hear换用，但前者侧重指经受得起，后者强调容忍，是普通用语。
endure: 书面用词，指长时间忍受痛苦和不幸，着重体力或意志力的坚强不屈服。
suffer: 通常指非自愿或被迫忍受各种痛苦、困难或不快，强调受到苦难。
abide: 指忍受长期的痛苦或折磨，强调耐心和屈从。多用于否定句和疑问句中。
vt. 忍受，容忍；停留
 - stomach, go, stand, tough, tolerate
vi. 持续；忍受；停留
 - stay, hold, stomach

Word: Thai
Front: Thai
[taɪ] (8458/27241)
Back: n. 泰国人；泰国语
adj. 泰国的；泰国人的
分布：泰国人(68%)，泰国语(32%)
adjective noun countable
■Thai 泰国的／泰国人

Word: diploma
Front: diploma
[dɪˈpləʊmə] (高研六雅 8453/6259 -1)
Vocabulary: diploma
(once / 2949 pages)
n
A diploma is a document people receive when they graduate from a school or program. It is a symbol of academic success. You often see framed diplomas displayed in a doctor's office.
Are you working toward a diploma? Then you must be in school. People receive high school and college diplomas, which they usually receive during a graduation ceremony. You could also get a diploma for a shorter series of classes in something like pottery, skydiving, or marksmanship. Even a dog could get a diploma for passing obedience school. Any time someone gets a diploma, you can be sure they finished a course or program of learning.
WORD FAMILY
diploma: diplomas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The daughter of Salvadoran immigrants in Fairfax County, Ayala was the first in her family to get a college diploma.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Last week, the Lockport Township High School Board of Education presented him with his high school diploma.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Q: For all of those jobs, you need more than a high-school diploma.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 毕业文凭; 学位证书; 公文; 奖状
v. 发毕业文凭
分布：文凭(100%)
→di-, 二。-pl, 折叠，词源fold. -oma, 名词后缀。即对折的官方文件，引申义文凭。
n.毕业文凭,学位证书The diplomatic diplomas are made in automation in the autonomy.外交证书在自治区是自动化生产的.
US [-'ploʊ-] noun countable
■a document given by a college or university to show that you have passed a particular examination or finished a course 学位证书；大学文凭
• a diploma in business studies 商学文凭
• US a high school diploma 高中毕业证书
n. 毕业证书，学位证书；公文，文书；奖状
 - graduation certificate, leaving certificate

Word: cumulative
Front: cumulative
[ˈkju:mjələtɪv] (六雅 8447/7270 -1)
Vocabulary: cumulative
(once / 2318 pages)
adj
The adjective cumulative describes the total amount of something when it's all added together. Eating a single chocolate doughnut is fine, but the cumulative effect of eating them all day is that you'll probably feel sick.
The origin of cumulative is helpful in remembering the meaning; it comes from the Latin cumulatus for "to heap." If something is cumulative, it is heaped together so it can be counted up to get a total number. The cumulative snowfall for the whole winter isn't just the amount of snow that fell in one month, but rather the number of inches that fell every month that winter to get the total, cumulative, amount.
WORD FAMILY
cumulative: cumulatively+/cumulate: cumulated, cumulates, cumulating, cumulation, cumulative /cumulation: cumulations/cumulous: cumulously/cumulus: cumulate, cumuli, cumulous
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no increase in 2016, so the cumulative increase - including the January hike - is 27 cents per gallon over four years.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Here are the top 10, all videos, ordered according to cumulative likes, shares and comments.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Mr. Netanyahu is also a focus of international ire because of the cumulative effect of decades of settlement growth.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
Back: adj. 累积的; 渐增的; 追加的; （判刑等）加重的
分布：累积的(89%)，渐增的(11%)
→来自cum-,堆积，词源同cumulus.
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■increasing by one addition after another 累积的；渐增的
• The cumulative effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous. 使用大量化学物质经年累月会对土地造成灾难性的后果。
adj. 累积的
 - accumulated

Word: lash
Front: lash
[læʃ] (研托雅宝 8455/8665 -2)
Vocabulary: lash
(once / 322 pages)
1nv 2n
A lash is a sharp slap or strike with a rope or whip. In some parts of the world, lawbreakers receive a certain number of lashes as punishment for their crimes.
To deliver a lash is also to lash: "I instructed the jockey not to lash the horse," and another way to lash is to tie one thing securely to another. The part of a whip that actually connects with a person or animal's body is called a lash as well. When you lash out at someone, you either hit them or attack them in a figurative way, especially through angry words.
WORD FAMILY
lash: lash-like, lashed, lasher, lashes, lashing, unlash+/lasher: lashers/lashing: lashingly, lashings/unlash: unlashed, unlashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the Obama administration slapped tariffs on Chinese tire imports in 2009, for instance, China lashed back by imposing a tax on U.S. chicken parts.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Who was this beautiful man, with his beautiful hair, his beautiful face, his lashes, his two gold hoop earrings?
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
About 20 typhoons and storms lash the Philippines each year.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 鞭挞，鞭子; 责骂; 讽刺; 眼睫毛
vi. 急速甩动; 猛击; 抽打; 严厉谴责
vt. 鞭打; 摆动; 激励，煽动; 捆绑
时态：lashed, lashing, lashes
分布：鞭打(27%)，抨击(18%)，睫毛(17%)，鞭子(14%)，摆动(13%)，讽刺(11%)
→拟声词。
v.鞭打,摆动,捆扎n.鞭子,鞭打,睫毛,讽刺The man lashed the donkey.这人用鞭子抽驴.
【记】读：拉屎。用鞭子抽得你直拉屎。
【反】unbind（v 解开；解放）
verb
HIT 打击
intransitive or transitive
■to hit with a lot of force 猛击；狠打
• The prisoners were regularly lashed with electric cable. 犯人经常被人用电缆抽打。
• The sound of the rain lashing against the windows was deafening. 雨点敲打窗户发出巨大的声响。
⇒ See also lash out
[læʃ] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive
■to criticize someone severely 抨击，谴责，斥责
[læʃ] verb
TIE 系
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to tie together tightly and firmly 系紧，系牢
• I've lashed your case to the roof rack. 我把你的箱子系在车顶的行李架上了。
• These poles will be easier to carry if we lash them together with a rope. 如果我们用绳子把这些杆子捆在一起，携带起来将会容易一些。
[læʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lash out (sth) UK informal
■to spend a large amount of money in an unnecessary or wasteful way 浪费，挥霍（钱财）
• He lashed out £5000 on his daughter's wedding. 他为女儿的婚礼一下子花了5000英镑。
[læʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lash out
■to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticise them in an angry way （突然）狠打，痛打；抨击，斥责
• I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face. 我只是在和他闹着玩，他却突然动起手来，一拳打在我的脸上。
• Why's Tina in such a bad mood? She really lashed out at me when I was late for work. 蒂娜为甚么情绪这么糟糕？我上班迟到了她就对我大发雷霆。
[læʃ] noun
HAIR 毛发
countable usually plural
■an eyelash
[læʃ] noun
HIT 打击
countable or only singular
■a thin strip of leather at the end of a whip, or a hit with this, especially as a form of punishment 鞭梢；鞭笞，鞭打
• He received 30 lashes for the crime. 他因这项罪行而挨了30鞭。
• The punishment for disobedience was the lash. 违抗命令要受到鞭笞的惩罚。
⇒ See also whiplash
countable
■a sudden violent movement of something that can bend 甩动，（突然的）摇动，摆动
• With a powerful lash of its tail, the fish jumped out of the net and back into the river. 那条鱼猛地一摆尾巴，从渔网里又跳回到河中。
[læʃ] noun
come/suffer under the lash
■to be severely criticized 受到严厉批评，遭到痛斥
• The sales team came under the lash for poor results. 销售团队因业绩不佳而受到严厉批评。
vt. 鞭打；冲击；摆动；扎捆；煽动；讽刺
 - fan, hide, egg, strike
vi. 鞭打；猛击；急速甩动
 - drive, belt
n. 鞭打；睫毛；鞭子；责骂；讽刺
 - hit, flogging

Word: mixing
Front: mixing
['mɪksɪŋ] (8451/8887)
Back: n. 混合，混频
v. 混合( mix的现在分词 ); （使）结交; 相容; 平安相处
分布：混合(96%)，混频(3%)，动词mix的现在分词.(1%)
V-RECIP-ERG
(使)混合;(使)调和;(使)掺和
If two substances mix or if you mix one substance with another, you stir or shake them together, or combine them in some other way, so that they become a single substance.
例：Oil and water don't mix...油和水不相溶。
例：It mixes easily with cold or hot water to make a tasty, filling drink...它极易溶于冷水或热水，冲成既可口又充饥的饮料。
VERB
调制;配制
If you mix something, you prepare it by mixing other things together.
例：He had spent several hours mixing cement...他花了几个小时搅拌水泥。
例：Are you sure I can't mix you a drink?你确定不用我为你调一杯饮料吗？
N-VAR
(制作糕点、调味汁等的)混合原料，混合配料
A mix is a powder containing all the substances that you need in order to make something such as a cake or a sauce. When you want to use it, you add liquid.
例：For speed we used packets of pizza dough mix...为了节约时间，我们用了几包做比萨饼的混合面粉。
例：It was a packet mix.这是一小包混合配料。
N-COUNT
结合体；混合体
A mix of different things or people is two or more of them together.
例：The story is a magical mix of fantasy and reality...这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。
例：We get a very representative mix of people.我们现在有了非常具有代表性的一群人。
V-RECIP-ERG
相协调;相容
If two things or activities do not mix or if one thing does not mix with another, it is not a good idea to have them or do them together, because the result would be unpleasant or dangerous.
例：Politics and sport don't mix.政治与体育不可混为一谈。
例：...some of these pills that don't mix with drink...一些不能用饮料冲服的药片
V-RECIP
交际;交往;结交
If you mix with other people, you meet them and talk to them. You can also say that people mix .
例：I ventured the idea that the secret of staying young was to mix with older people...我大胆地提出了这样的观点：保持年轻的秘诀就在于和年长的人交往。
例：People are supposed to mix, do you understand?...人们应该互相交际，你明白吗？
VERB
混录;混合录制
When a record producer mixes a piece of music, he or she puts together the various sounds that have been recorded in order to make the finished record.
例：They've been mixing tracks for a new album due out later this year.他们一直在为定于今年稍后推出的新专辑录制歌曲。
PHRASE
经常大吵大闹，动不动就大打出手(美国英语用 mix it up)
If you say that someone mixes it, or in American English mixes it up, you mean that they often fight or argue strongly about things.
例：Stewart has developed a tendency to mix it verbally with the opposition.斯图尔特现在变得只要和别人意见不合，就准备大吵一架。
n. 混合； [电子] 混频
 - mixture, admixture
v. 混合（mix的ing形式）
 - blending, compounding

Word: unconstitutional
Front: unconstitutional
[ˌʌnˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl] (8454/17103 -1)
Vocabulary: unconstitutional
(once / 2039 pages)
adj
When someone protests an action on the part of the government by saying, "That's vile! That's wrong! That's downright unconstitutional!," they're saying that the action violates the tenets of the U.S. Constitution.
The U.S. Constitution is our nation's founding document, laying out a structure for the executive, judicial, and legislative powers, and assigning to people specific rights, such privacy, free speech, and voting. Violations of the Constitution are the highest forms of illegality in our nation, though famously hard to nail down.
WORD FAMILY
unconstitutional: unconstitutionally+/ constituency: constituencies/ constituent: constituency, constituents/ constitute: constituent, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutive, reconstitute/constituted: self-constituted/ constitution: constitutional, constitutionalize, constitutions/ constitutional: constitutionalise, constitutionalist, constitutionally, constitutionals, unconstitutional /constitutionalise: constitutionalising/constitutionalize: constitutionalized, constitutionalizing/ constitutive: constitutively/reconstitute: reconstituted, reconstitutes, reconstituting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opponents say the proposed ban is clearly unconstitutional.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"This complex new law passed in just two days by the Republican legislature is unconstitutional and anything but bipartisan," Cooper said in a statement.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
“This complex new law passed in just two days by the Republican legislature is unconstitutional and anything but bipartisan,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 违反宪法的，不符合章程[法规]的
分布：违反宪法的(86%)，非立宪的(14%)
US [-ˌkɑ:n.stɪ'tu:-] adjective
■not allowed by the constitution (= set of rules for government) of a country or organization 违背宪法的；违反宪章的
• Such a change in the law would be unconstitutional. 对该法律作此改动是与宪法相抵触的。

Word: archaeology
Front: archaeology
[ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi] (托宝 8477/7294 -2)
Vocabulary: archaeology
(once / 2737 pages)
n
If your idea of excitement is sifting dirt to find bits of pottery, chances are that you're an archaeology enthusiast. Archaeology is all about understanding the past by analyzing material culture — that is, objects shaped by human hands.
The Greek suffix -ology ("the study of") should be familiar. Consider the word biology: bios is Greek for "life," so biology is "the study of life." Arkhaios is "ancient." Thus, archaeology is "the study of ancient things." Early archaeologists tended to seek sensational finds — like Howard Carter, who found King Tut's tomb. Contemporary archaeologists are generally more concerned with reconstructing the lives of everyday people through careful analysis of mundane artifacts — like tools and feeding utensils.
WORD FAMILY
archaeology: archaeologies, archaeologist +/ archaeologist: archaeologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some recipients plan to use funds to explore a variety of interests including cooking, artisan bread-baking, bee keeping, photography and archaeology.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But his focus is art, not urban archaeology.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The risks of archaeology in Iraq are generally overstated.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 考古学; 古物; 古迹
分布：考古学(100%)
【参】archaic（adj 古代的）；archaism（n 古语，古体）
US [ˌɑ:r.ki'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the study of the buildings, graves , tools and other objects which belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to learn about their culture and society 考古学

Word: trim
Front: trim
[trɪm] (研四六托雅宝 4920/5969 -2)
Back: vt. 修剪; 整理; 装饰
adj. 整齐的，整洁的; 修长的; 苗条的
n. 整齐; 修剪; 健康状态; 装束
vi. 削减
时态：trimmed, trimming, trims
分布：修剪(35%)，装饰(32%)，削减(21%)，整齐(7%)，整洁的(3%)，匀称的(1%)，调整帆以适应风向(1%)
→来自古英语 trymian,使整齐，安排，加强，来自 Proto-Germanic*trum,坚固的，固定的，deru, 稳定的，稳固的，词源同 tree,true.引申词义修剪树枝，修整，装饰等。
a.整齐的,整洁的v./n.整理,修整,装饰With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
verb transitive (-mm-)
CUT 剪
■to make something tidier or more level by cutting a small amount off it 修剪，修整
• to trim the hedge 修剪树篱
• My hair needs trimming. 我的头发需要剪一剪。
• Trim off the leafy ends of the vegetable before cooking. 烹饪之前，去掉菜多叶的一端。
[trɪm] verb transitive (-mm-)
REDUCE 减少
■to reduce the amount or size of something 消减，减少
• They're trying to trim their costs, so staff who leave are not being replaced. 他们正试图降低成本，所以没有安排填补离职员工的空缺。
[trɪm] adjective (trimmer, trimmest)
THIN 瘦的 approving
■thin in an attractive and healthy way 苗条的
• You're looking very trim - have you lost weight? 你看起来很苗条——你减肥了吗？
[trɪm] adjective (trimmer, trimmest)
TIDY 整齐的
■tidy and well-ordered 整齐的
• trim lawns and neat flower beds 平整的草坪和整洁的花坛
[trɪm] noun
CUT 剪
only singular
■when you make something, especially someone's hair, tidier or more level by cutting a small amount off it 修剪，修整
• I asked the hairdresser for a trim. 我请理发师给我修剪一下头发。
• Just give the ends a trim, please. 请把梢修一修就行。
[trɪm] noun
MATERIAL 材料
countable or uncountable
■ trimming
[trɪm] noun
PREPARED 准备好的
in trim informal
■physically prepared and ready, or in good condition 身体状况好；状态好
• Are you in trim for the run on Sunday? 星期天的赛跑你准备好了吗？
orderly, tidy, neat, trim
这组词都有“整齐的，整洁的”的意思，其区别是：
orderly: 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
tidy: 侧重整齐，井然有序。
neat: 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。
trim: 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观。
vt. 修剪；整理；装点
 - shear, arrange, crop
vi. 削减
 - cut to the bone, cut down to
n. 修剪；整齐；情形
 - status, shear, regularity
adj. 整齐的
 - ordered, regular, straight, soigne

Word: enclose
Front: enclose
[ɪnˈkləʊz] (研四六托雅 8459/4313 -2)
Vocabulary: enclose
(once / 246 pages)
1v 2v
To enclose something is to surround it or cover it up. An envelope encloses a letter.
To enclose is to put something inside something else. A crowd of people could enclose a celebrity, or a wall might enclose a garden. In Edgar Allan Poe’s story “Masque of the Red Death,” the Prince encloses his party guests inside the castle walls (along with the Red Death). (Oops!) A box might enclose a present. If you enclose something with a letter, you’re putting it in the envelope, too.
WORD FAMILY
enclose: enclosed, encloses, enclosing, enclosure +/ close: closed, closely, closeness, closer, closes, closest, closing, closure, enclose /closeness: closenesses/closer: closers/closing: closings/ closure: closured, closures, closuring/ enclosed: self-enclosed, unenclosed/ enclosure: enclosures
USAGE EXAMPLES
My jaw dropped when I read the words, “Please find enclosed a letter from your donor.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Knott’s representatives say their mechanics tried several times to get the enclosed, circular tram down before calling the Orange County Fire Authority to assist.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fold the top half of each tortilla over to enclose the filling.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. （用墙、篱笆等）把…围起来; 把…装入信封; 附入
时态：enclosed, enclosing, encloses
分布：附上(79%)，围住(12%)，圈起(8%)，封入(1%)
→en-, 进入，使。close, 关住。
包围,围绕(en进入+close→被关起来→包围)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
v.围住,圈起,封入The loser closely enclosed himself in the closet.那个失败者把自己严密地封闭在小室内.
【记】close（v 包围；关闭）
US [-'kloʊz] verb transitive
SURROUND 包围
 ADVANCED
■to surround 把…围起来；围住，包住
• The park that encloses the monument has recently been enlarged. 环绕着纪念碑的那个公园最近扩建了。
UK [ɪn'kləʊz] US [-'kloʊz] verb transitive
SEND 寄送
■to send something in the same envelope or parcel as something else 随信（或包裹）附上；附入，封入
• Please enclose a curriculum vitae with your letter of application. 请在求职信中附上一份简历。
enclose, fence, encircle, surround, envelop
这组词都有“包围”的意思，其区别是：
enclose: 指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝。
fence: 通常指用栅栏栏开或围起来。
encircle: 侧重在某事物周围围成圈状。
surround: 普通用词，既可指环绕、围绕，也可指军事上的包围。
envelop: 着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来。
vt. 围绕；装入；放入封套
 - enring, inclose

Word: flare
Front: flare
[fleə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 8467/7846 -2)
Vocabulary: flare
(once / 711 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n
A flare is a sudden burst of light. The flare of a lit match in the dark night is strangely beautiful.
The flare of a flame in the dark is sudden and bright, and the flare of an idea or emotion is similarly intense. A part of clothing that grows wider, like the hem of jeans that flare — and are also called flares. The verb flare also means to burn brightly or suddenly erupt, like a skin rash that flares up in hot weather or your friend's temper that flares when people tease her about her favorite team losing the big game.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flair / flare
Flair is a talent for something, like what the pro-wrestler Nature Boy Ric Flair had back in the day. Flare is on a candle or the shape of bell-bottoms that kids rocked back in the heyday of wrastlin'.
Flair is a noun meaning an aptitude or eagerness for something or a distinctive style. You might have a flair for photography, wrestling, or dressing like a flapper. If you describe food as having a certain flair, such as a Latin flair, you mean it has the distinctive style of Latin food. Flair isn't a synonym for flavor. Style is more than flavor. Here are some flairs, ta da:
Charming and gregarious with a flair for grand gestures, he was haunted by drug addiction. (New York Times)
Nice has always boasted an Italian flair; La Promenade respects that tradition by serving firm pasta, an outlier in a world of overcooked French noodles. (Business Week)
Flare has fun, too, in many different ways. As a noun, flare is a shape that is wider at one end, such as bellbottoms, also called flares. It can also be a flickering light, as with the flare of a match. To flare might be widen or to suddenly burn. A disease can flare up, or become worse, while your skirt can flare out, or widen. Flare on:
One oak is hollowed and flared at the bottom like an arched, empty shell. (New York Times)
Sudden anger flared up in the girl's blue eyes, though, he knew it was not directed against him. (Harold Bindloss)
If you're not sure which f-word you want, choose flare. After all, flair just refers to that special something, it's restricted to being a noun that means stylishness or an aptitude for something. Flare means everything else! (Almost)
WORD FAMILY
flare: flared, flares, flaring+/flaring: flaringest, flaringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
By intervening, however, the central government would risk reigniting the passions that flared in 2014 when demonstrators paralysed business districts with sit-ins for several weeks.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
And outside the confines of Mar-a-Lago, old grievances flare up.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But with Coleman lined up wide, Foster sensed that Coleman would flare, leaving him susceptible to a pick from the wide receiver.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 闪耀，闪光; 燃烧; 突然发怒; 向外张开
vt. 使闪耀; 使张开; 用光发出信号; 使外倾
n. 闪光; 爆发; 反射; 太阳耀斑
时态：flared, flaring, flares
分布：爆发(46%)，闪光(26%)，闪耀(16%)，张开(11%)，闪光信号(1%)
→词源不详。可能来自辅音丛bl, 吹，鼓起，拟声词，词源同blow, blossom. 即张开，展开，火势更旺，加剧等。
v./n.闪耀,闪烁The torch flared in the wind.火炬的火焰在风中摇曳.
【记】源于：flame（n 火焰；激情）
【参】flaring（adj 发光的；燃烧的；俗丽的）＝gaudy＝lurid
US [fler] verb
BURN BRIGHTLY 明亮地燃烧
intransitive
■to burn brightly either for a short time or not regularly （短暂地）旺烧；（摇曳着）燃烧
• The flame above the oil well flared (up) into the dark sky. 油井上的火焰一下子旺烧起来，直冲向漆黑的夜空。
UK [fleər] US [fler] verb
GET WORSE 变糟糕
intransitive (also flare up)
■When something bad such as violence, pain or anger flares (up), it suddenly starts or gets much worse （暴力、疼痛或愤怒）爆发，突发，加剧
• Violence flared up again last night. 昨晚再次爆发暴力事件。
• Tempers flared after a three-hour delay at Gatwick Airport yesterday. 昨天格域机场三小时的航班延误使得群情激愤。
UK [fleər] US [fler] verb
MAKE WIDER 使更宽
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) become wider （使）张开，（使）展开
• The horse's nostrils flared. 那匹马张大了鼻孔。
• The skirt fits tightly over the hips and flares just below the knees. 这条裙子紧紧包住臀部，到膝盖下方的位置展开。
UK [fleər] US [fler] noun
BRIGHTNESS 明亮
countable
■a sudden increase in the brightness of a fire （突然的）旺火；（闪耀的）火光
• There was a sudden flare when she threw the petrol onto the fire. 她把汽油倒到火上时，火焰一下子蹿了起来。
countable
■a very bright light or coloured smoke which can be used as a signal, or a device which produces this 闪光信号灯；彩色烟雾信号；闪光装置；照明弹
• We set off a flare to help guide our rescuers. 我们发射了一颗照明弹，以引导救援人员。
UK [fleər] US [fler] noun
CLOTHES 衣服
flares [plural] UK
■trousers that get wider below the knee 喇叭裤
countable usually singular
■when something, especially clothing, becomes wider at one end （衣服）逐渐张开、呈喇叭形展开
• This skirt has a definite flare. 这条裙子的裙摆很大。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vt. 使闪耀；使张开；用发光信号发出；使外倾
 - sparkle
vi. 闪耀，闪光；燃烧；突然发怒
 - burn, shine on
n. 闪光，闪耀；耀斑；爆发；照明弹
 - explosion, stroboflash

Word: high-level
Front: high-level
[ˈhaɪˈlevəl] None
Back: adj. 在高空的，高阶层的，高级的
分布：高级的(62%)，在高空的(23%)，高阶层的(15%)
adjective
■If discussions are high-level, very important people are involved in them （会谈）高层的
• high-level meetings/talks between the two sides 双方的高层会晤／会谈
adj. 高级的；高阶层的；在高空的
 - senior, advanced

Word: darken
Front: darken
[ˈdɑ:kən] (8464/8998 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变暗; （使）模糊
时态：darkened, darkening, darkens
分布：变暗(67%)，使变暗(19%)，使阴郁(14%)
变黑(dark黑)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
US ['dɑ:r-] verb intransitive
■to become dark 变黑，变暗
• The sky darkened as thick smoke billowed from the blazing oil well. 燃烧的油井冒出滚滚浓烟，天都黑了。
UK ['dɑ:.kən] US ['dɑ:r-] verb intransitive
not darken sb's door literary
■used to tell someone to never come back to a place 不要再登（某人）的门；别再回到…地方
• Never darken my door again! 以后不准再进我的家门！
vt. 使变暗；使模糊
 - fog, becloud
vi. 变黑；变得模糊
 - black, grow dark

Word: accumulation
Front: accumulation
[əˌkju:mjə'leɪʃn] (托 8460/5822 -1)
Vocabulary: accumulation
(once / 977 pages)
n
An accumulation is a gathering or increase of something over time. You might cross your fingers in hopes of a large accumulation of snow, so that you get a day off of school.
Accumulation comes from a Latin word meaning "to heap up." The word continues to have this feeling of something growing upwards on top of itself, as if in a heap. If you keep putting money in the bank, the amount you have is the accumulation of your savings. If it is an interest bearing account, the interest will accumulate, making the total even larger.
WORD FAMILY
accumulation: accumulations+/ accumulate: accumulated, accumulates, accumulating, accumulation, accumulative/accumulative: accumulatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
SpaceX said accumulation of oxygen in a void or buckle in the liner most likely led to the explosion.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Accumulation is unlikely before midnight, according to the National Weather Service.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Accumulation is expected only in areas higher than 200 feet above sea level, Felton said.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 积累; 堆积物; 累积量
分布：累积(68%)，积聚(30%)，积聚物(2%)
noun countable or uncountable
■an amount of something that has been collected 积累；积聚；积攒
• Despite this accumulation of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. 尽管种种迹象不断出现，政府仍然坚持不采取任何行动。
• Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. 由于海浪的冲击作用，海滩上会堆积沙子。
n. [地质] [天] [物] 积聚，累积；堆积物
 - amassing, cumulation

Word: insulation
Front: insulation
[ˌɪnsjuˈleɪʃn] (托 8462/8040)
Vocabulary: insulation
(once / 6513 pages)
n
Insulation is the process of keeping heat, sound, or electricity from spreading. It's also the material used to do so. If you can hear your neighbor snoring at night, you might need better sound insulation.
Your thermos of hot chocolate stays warm when it's freezing outside because the thermos provides insulation. Similarly, the insulation in an ice chest keeps your sodas and food cool at the beach, even when you're being scorched by the sun. Insulation can also refer to a state of being detached or isolated. If you stay at home and avoid TV, the internet, and phone calls, you are in a state of insulation.
WORD FAMILY
insulation: insulations+/ insulate: insulated, insulates, insulating, insulation, insulator / insulator: insulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Every inch of space is rammed with equipment, and silver insulation lines the walls.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
An insulation contractor or even a home handyman should be able to help you if you don’t want to tackle the job yourself.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The sheath also acts like wire insulation to help electrical signals travel down the nerve.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 隔离，孤立; 绝缘; 绝缘或隔热的材料; 隔声
分布：隔离(81%)，孤立(19%)
→来自insulate,使隔热，绝缘。
noun uncountable
■when you cover something to stop heat, sound or electricity from escaping or entering, or when something is covered in this way 隔热；隔音；绝缘
• The animal's thick fur provides very good insulation against the arctic cold. 动物的厚皮毛是防御极地严寒的绝好材料。
■material which is used to stop heat, sound or electricity from escaping or entering 隔热（或隔音、绝缘）材料
• Glass fibre is often used as roof insulation. 玻璃纤维常用作屋顶的隔热材料。
n. [电] 绝缘；隔离，孤立
 - isolation, segregation

Word: rove
Front: rove
[rəʊv] (宝 8494/24007)
Vocabulary: rove
(once / 867 pages)
v
To rove is to wander around, often aimlessly. You may like to rove at work or school, but chances are you’ve probably got somewhere you’re supposed to be.
Roving can be a way of life. Someone who roves may not have a permanent home, and he or she may wander from town to town in search of food or work. Rove can also refer to other types of wandering. A roving reporter wanders the streets looking for people to interview. At a crowded party, your eyes might rove around the room as you look for someone you know — or someone you’d like to meet.
WORD FAMILY
rove: roved, roves, roving +/ roving: rovings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the animals' extensive ranges mean they're constantly roving past the reach of protections afforded them on public lands.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
George W. Bush promoted lax lending to Hispanics, whom his campaign strategist Karl Rove saw as "natural conservatives."
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Other allies include the roving Jesus and perhaps Daryl, who ended the episode back in his box, reading a note urging him to escape.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 流浪; 漂泊; 徘徊; （指眼睛）环顾
v. 穿（绳索），穿过( reeve的过去式和过去分词 )
时态：roved, roving, roves
分布：流浪(46%)，徘徊(15%)，环顾(11%)，粗纺线(11%)，漂泊(11%)，把线穿过孔(3%)，动词reeve的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
→可能来自 rave 方言变体，来自 rave,偏离，发狂，发疯。引申词义漫游，漂泊。
【记】r＝run，ove＝above：在草原上面跑来跑去的－流浪
US [roʊv] literary
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to move, travel or look around especially a large area 漫游，流浪；（眼睛）环顾，扫视
• His eye/gaze roved hungrily about the room. 他的目光急切地扫视着房间。
• He spent most of his life roving the world in search of his fortune. 他大半生的时间都在世界各处游荡，寻找发财的机会。
vi. 流浪；飘忽不定
 - vagabondize, stray
n. 流浪；徘徊；粗纺线
 - vagrancy, vagabondage

Word: fluctuation
Front: fluctuation
[ˌflʌktʃʊ'eɪʃn] (六托 8463/6226)
Vocabulary: fluctuation
(once / 2397 pages)
n
The noun fluctuation refers to the deviations along the path from one point to another. We see frequent fluctuations in the stock market, as prices go up or down, and also in the weather, which is always changing.
The original form of the word fluctuation appeared as a mid-15th-century French word derived from the Latin fluctuationem, meaning "vacillation." The verb stem fluctuāre meant "to undulate," referring to waves, giving rise to the idea of change and movement that is at the heart of the word. It might help to remember that fluctuation has the same root as the word fluent, and to think of it as something flowing, with frequent change along the way.
WORD FAMILY
fluctuation: fluctuations+/ fluctuate: fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation / fluctuating: fluctuatingly, unfluctuating
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the Iraqi soldiers dug in, they were vulnerable to the fluctuations of the Tigris.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This year, there were wide fluctuations in the price of some products, based on the data that PNC gathered from retailers, hatcheries and dance companies.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A poor harvest in southern Europe, alongside currency fluctuations, means a predicted price rise in olive oil next year.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 波动，涨落，起伏，[物]脉动; 动摇不定，踌躇; [生]彷徨变异
分布：波动(88%)，起伏(12%)
【反】invariance（n 恒定性；不变性）
VERB
变动;波动;上下浮动
If something fluctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular way.
例：Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill.人患病后体温可能会上下波动。
例：...the fluctuating price of oil.油价的浮动
n. [海洋] 起伏， [电子] [物] 波动
 - wave, undulation

Word: imprison
Front: imprison
[ɪmˈprɪzn] (四六 8465/6445 -2)
Vocabulary: imprison
(once / 249 pages)
v
To imprison is to hold someone in a prison or jail. It can also mean to confine them elsewhere. You might imprison a classmate in a locker, for example.
Cops imprison suspects who can't make bail, and someone could be imprisoned for a long time if convicted of a serious crime. Government agencies like the CIA and FBI also imprison people. However, you don't need a prison to imprison someone: a kidnapper holding people captive in the basement has imprisoned them.
WORD FAMILY
imprison: imprisoned, imprisoning, imprisonment, imprisons+/imprisoned: unimprisoned/imprisonment: imprisonments
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to global press freedom watchdog Reporters Without Borders, 81 journalists are currently imprisoned in Turkey.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
His government imprisoned democratic critics and censored the press.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
That exchange coincided with the Iran’s release of four U.S. citizens imprisoned in the country.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 关押，监禁; 束缚，禁锢; 使…不自由
时态：imprisoned, imprisoning, imprisons
分布：监禁(57%)，关押(29%)，束缚(14%)
→im-,进入，使，prison,监狱。
监禁(im+prison监狱)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
监禁(im进入+prison监狱)[pris=take表示"拿住,抓住"]
verb transitive usually passive
■to put someone in prison 关押，囚禁
• He was imprisoned in 1965 for attempted murder. 他因谋杀未遂于1965年被监禁。
• figurative Unable to go out because of the deep snow, she felt imprisoned in her own house. 她因雪深无法外出，感觉自己像被囚禁在屋内。
jail, imprison, confine
这组词都有“监禁”的意思，其区别是：
jail: (英国用gaol)多指审判之间的拘禁或对罪行较轻的罪犯的监禁。
imprison: 较正式用词，多指较长时间的监禁。
confine: 指监禁或幽禁；也指任何使行动受到限制的行为。
vt. 监禁； [法] 关押；使…下狱
 - prison, jail

Word: momentarily
Front: momentarily
[ˈməʊməntrəli] (8468/7976)
Vocabulary: momentarily
(once / 1424 pages)
adv
Use the adverb momentarily to mean "very soon." A waiter might say to a hungry customer, "Your food will be ready momentarily."
When something is just about to happen, it will happen momentarily. Just before a concert begins, an announcer will often tell the audience it's starting momentarily, and minutes before your friend arrives at your house, she might call you and say, "I'll be there momentarily." The original meaning of momentarily, from the 1650's, was "lasting for a moment." It wasn't used to mean "at any moment" until the 1920's.
WORD FAMILY
momentary: momentarily +/ moment: momentaneous, momentary, momentous, moments/ momentous: momentously, momentousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He lost the turtle momentarily, then circled back.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And that created what was a momentarily awkward and uncomfortable scene as Reed pushed Clark and then Clark pushed back before teammates intervened.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The extra second will occur as clocks strike midnight and a time of 23:59:60 will be recorded, delaying 2017 momentarily.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 顷刻之间，<美>马上，立刻
分布：暂时地(44%)，随时地(28%)，立刻地(14%)，时时刻刻地(14%)
US [ˌmoʊ-] adverb
■for a very short time 片刻地；短暂地
• She was momentarily confused by the foreign road signs. 她一时被那些外国路标搞糊涂了。
■US
■very soon 立即，立刻
• I'll be ready to leave momentarily. 我马上就要走了。
adv. 随时地；暂时地；立刻
 - briefly, soon, immediately, now, shortly

Word: irritate
Front: irritate
[ˈɪrɪteɪt] (研六托雅宝 8466/7783 -K2)
Vocabulary: irritate
(once / 210 pages)
v
To irritate is to cause an unsettling reaction, whether it's of the body or the nerves. You can irritate someone by talking too loudly on your cellphone in public. You can also irritate your skin, causing a rash or redness.
To irritate is to disturb — either physically or psychologically. When you have an allergic reaction to something, you irritate or disturb the body. When you have an allergic reaction to your kid brother, he is probably irritating you with his annoying habits. And what is the result of something irritating? An irritation of course.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aggravate / irritate
Aggravate means to make something worse, and irritate is to annoy. But if you use aggravate to mean "annoy," no one will notice. That battle has been lost in all but the most formal writing.
To aggravate is to make something go from bad to worse. Yet aggravate was first listed as meaning, "exasperate, annoy" in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues by Randal Cotgrave in 1611. But it's not exactly the same as irritate, darn it, and the sentences below get it right. In the news, aggravated often goes with battery, which is worse than simple battery (beating someone up), and carries a tougher punishment:
Knight was arrested for aggravated battery and resisting a police officer. (Chicago Tribune)
Tapia, 27, was charged after the confrontation with several counts of aggravated battery on a police officer and resisting arrest. (Reuters)
Regardless of pH levels, high-fat meats, dairy products, caffeine, chocolate, carbonated beverages, fried foods, alcohol and mints are known to aggravate reflux symptoms. (New York Times)
Irritate means to annoy someone. If you try to use irritate in the sentences above, it doesn't work as well. Irritate also means to inflame a part of the body, and in that sense, aggravate won't do:
Bedbugs don't spread disease, but they can irritate skin. (WebMD)
Gold chains are also very irritating to the neck and arms of an infant. (Eliza Leslie)
Despite four hundred years of English speakers using aggravate to mean annoy or irritate, there is a shade of difference. If you make something worse, you aggravate the situation. A bedbug will irritate your skin. If you're determined to annoy, use either.
WORD FAMILY
irritate: irritable, irritated, irritates, irritating, irritation, irritative+/irritability: irritabilities/ irritable: irritability, irritably/ irritated: irritatedly/ irritating: irritatingly/ irritation: irritations
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, most of us don't get irritated to the point of using our irons as weapons.
Golf Digest(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, Mr. Perlmuth said he was glad the subway was finally opening, even if he was irritated by the many inconveniences during construction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ron Gallo, June 23 at the 5 Spot: Insurgent thrift-store poet overcomes irritating schmoozing crowd with feedback and barbed words.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺激，使兴奋; 使发怒; 使感到不适; 使疼痛，使发炎
vi. 引起恼怒; 引起不愉快
时态：irritated, irritating, irritates
分布：激怒(95%)，使疼痛或发炎(5%)
→来自拉丁语irritus,刺激，煽动，激怒，可能来自ir-,进入，使，-rit,宗教仪式，词源同rite,ritual.引申词义召唤鬼神，诅咒，刺激。
激怒;刺激(ir+rit擦+ate→进入磨擦→激怒)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
vt.激怒,恼火,使急躁His letter irritated me a little.他的信使我有点恼火.
verb transitive
MAKE ANGRY 激怒
■to make angry or annoyed 激怒，使恼火
• After a while her behaviour really began to irritate me. 过了一会儿儿，她的行为真让我恼火了。
['ɪr.ɪ.teɪt] verb transitive
MAKE SORE 使疼痛
■to make sore or painful 使发炎；使疼痛
• At first my contact lenses irritated my eyes. 起初一戴上隐形眼镜，我的眼睛就痛。
provoke, aggravate, irritate
这组词都有“激怒”的意思，其区别是：
provoke: 指激起某人强烈的愤怒，以致令人作出反应。
aggravate: 口语用词。指因长时间的反复言行而引起不快、烦躁或恼怒。
irritate: 通常指因受到不愉快的刺激而失去耐性，变得烦燥或恼怒。
vex, trouble, annoy, disturb, bother, irritate
这组词都有“使人不安或烦恼”的意思，其区别是：
vex: 侧重指因不断的干扰而引起的烦恼，有时含激怒的意味。
trouble: 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
annoy: 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打拢或恼怒。
disturb: 较正式用词，多用被动态。指拢乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
bother: 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
irritate: 语气比annoy强得多，指激怒，使发怒，多指一种短时间的反应。
vt. 刺激，使兴奋；激怒
 - stimulate, fan, anger, motivate, needle

Word: fake
Front: fake
[feɪk] (研六托雅宝 5098/9663 -2)
Vocabulary: fake
(once / 1125 pages)
nadjv
You should have known that copy of the "Declaration of Independence" was a fake when you saw it was signed by "Jon Hancrock" instead of "John Hancock." Something that's fake isn't authentic.
A person who falsely claims to be, feel, or do something can be said to be fake. When your friend acts sweet but spreads rumors about you behind your back, you can call her a fake. As a verb, fake means to take an action with the intent to deceive. If you've ever tried to fake a grade on your report card, you know that it's especially hard to change an F to an A.
WORD FAMILY
fake: faked, faker, fakery, fakes, faking+/faker: fakers/fakery: fakeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yes, Mark, this annual dinner column is fake news, but please don’t filter it!
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
If he couldn’t fill the job description, he said, there was no use trying to fake it.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After this year of fake news in US politics and elsewhere, I am hopeful that consumers of news will become much more discerning.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 伪造; 篡改; 对…做手脚; 仿造
vt. & vi. 假装
n. 骗子; 冒牌货，赝品; [体]假动作; 冒充，诈骗
adj. 假的，冒充的
时态：faked, faking, fakes
分布：伪造(31%)，假的(25%)，假货(16%)，骗子(11%)，伪装(8%)，欺骗(6%)，假造(3%)
→犯罪分子俚语，词源不确定。可能来自词根fact, 做，词源同face, factitious. 即人为的，伪造的。
n.假货,赝品a.假的,冒充的v.伪造;伪装The painting looked old but was a recent fake.这幅画看上去年代久远,实际是最近的一幅赝品.
【记】玩过《红色警报》的同学都不会陌生，fake就是里边的假主基地。
noun countable
■an object which is made to look real or valuable in order to deceive people 赝品；假货
• Experts revealed that the painting was a fake. 专家透露那幅画是赝品。
• The gun in his hand was a fake. 他手里的枪是假的。
■someone who is not what or who they say they are 冒充者；骗子
• After working for ten years as a doctor, he was exposed as a fake. 行医十年后，他被揭发是个冒牌货。
[feɪk] adjective
■not real, but made to look or seem real 假的，伪造的
• He was charged with possessing a fake passport. 他被控持有假护照。
• fake fur/blood 人造毛皮／假血
[feɪk] verb
FEELING/ILLNESS 感情／病痛
intransitive or transitive
■to pretend that you have a feeling or illness 装出（某种感情）；假装（有病）
• to fake surprise 佯装惊讶
• to fake an orgasm 假装达到性高潮
• She didn't want to go out, so she faked a headache. 她不想出去，就假装头痛。
• He faked a heart attack and persuaded prison staff to take him to hospital. 他假装心脏病发作，说服狱警把他送到医院。
• He isn't really crying, he's just faking. 他不是真的在哭，只是在装哭。
[feɪk] verb
OBJECT 物体
transitive
■to make an object look real or valuable in order to deceive people 伪造
• to fake a document/signature 伪造文件／签名
sham, fake
这组词都有“冒牌货”的意思，其区别是：
sham: 指可以以假乱真的东西，尤指明显的欺骗。
fake: 通常指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品，但目的不一定全是为骗人。
false, fake
这组词都有“假的”的意思，其区别是：
false: 指说明某物与真的相像，强调看上去像真的，不一定用作冒充、谎骗。
fake: 指某物不是真的。

Word: parasite
Front: parasite
[ˈpærəsaɪt] (研托雅宝 8481/7277 -1)
Vocabulary: parasite
(once / 1084 pages)
n
A creature that lives off another organism is a parasite. The parasite might not hurt the host, but it doesn't do anything to help it, either.
If you call someone a parasite, you are really hurling an insult! The Ancient Greeks used the word parasitos to describe someone who ate at your table but never invited you back. Some telling synonyms include leech," toady, sponge, and hanger-on." Nice, huh? Some crafty birds, such as the cowbird or cuckoo, are called social parasites, laying their eggs in other birds' nests and expecting those mamas to raise their young for them. Unfortunately, there are some people like that, too.
WORD FAMILY
parasite: parasites, parasitic, parasitical, parasitism, semiparasite+/ parasitic: nonparasitic, parasitically, semiparasitic/ parasitism: parasitisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
"Every year we lose enough food to feed hundreds of millions of people to pathogens and parasites," he says.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Hairworms are gruesome parasites that grow up to 30 centimeters long inside the bodies of their hosts.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 寄生物，寄生虫; 食客; 寄生植物; 天线反射器
分布：寄生虫(89%)，寄生生物(7%)，食客(4%)
→来自希腊语parasitos,坐在别人旁边吃饭的，吃剩饭的，来自para-,在旁，在周围，sitos,食物，词源同sitophobia.引申词义寄生虫。
寄生虫,食客(pata旁边+site坐...坐在旁边吃白饭的人物)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
n.寄生虫,食客Having checked the parameters of the apparatus, the paralysed parasite went to the paradise by parachute.检查过仪器的参数后,瘫痪的寄生虫乘降落伞到天堂去了.
【记】para旁边，site坐－坐在旁边的人－食客寄生虫
US ['per-] noun countable
■an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it 寄生生物；寄生动物；寄生植物
• The older drugs didn't deal effectively with the malaria parasite. 以前的药物不能有效对付引起疟疾的寄生虫。
■disapproving
■a person who is lazy and lives by other people working, giving them money, etc 靠他人为生者，寄生虫
• Financial speculators are parasites upon the national economy. 金融投机者是国民经济的寄生虫。
n. [生物] [基医] 寄生虫；食客
 - helminth, vermin

Word: retaliation
Front: retaliation
[rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃn] (宝 8470/11827)
Vocabulary: retaliation
(once / 1750 pages)
n
Retaliation is an act of revenge. Before you initiate retaliation on someone who has wronged you, consider whether he or she might have a ninja alter ego and a set of nunchucks stashed away.
The noun retaliation stems from the Latin retaliare, meaning “pay back in kind.” Notice the word kind in that definition. Retaliation used to have both good and evil connotations. Now, though, it’s important to read that kind as synonymous with type or sort because retaliation has since lost its positive sense. Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love.”
WORD FAMILY
retaliation: retaliations+/ retaliate: retaliated, retaliates, retaliating, retaliation, retaliator, retaliatory /retaliator: retaliators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group repeatedly struck at Turkish cities in 2016 in retaliation for Ankara’s support for international efforts to suppress its activities in Syria and Iraq.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He alleges he was fired 2014 in retaliation for complaining about a hostile work environment.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Russian President Vladimir Putin decided not to expel anyone in retaliation, saying he would consider the actions of Trump when deciding on further steps.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 报复，反击
分布：报复(90%)，反击(10%)
VERB
报复;反击
If you retaliate when someone harms or annoys you, you do something which harms or annoys them in return.
例：I was sorely tempted to retaliate...我非常想报复。
例：Christie retaliated by sending his friend a long letter detailing Carl's utter incompetence...为了报复，克里斯蒂给他朋友寄了一封长信，细述卡尔完全不称职。
n. 报复；反击；回敬
 - revenge, reprisal

Word: outskirts
Front: outskirts
[ˈaʊtskɜ:ts] (研雅宝 8456/7565 -2)
Vocabulary: outskirts
(once / 1142 pages)
n
Some people like to live downtown. Others prefer the open spaces of the suburbs. But if you live in between the two, you are in the outskirts, the place where the city ends and the suburbs begin.
Outskirts describes the outer edge of a city or town, farthest from the center but still technically part of that place. If you had a city map, you could draw a line on all sides where crowded streets filled with apartment building and businesses begin to give way to single-family houses and country roads. You might not get a perfect circle but you will see that outskirts are those border places between the city and the little towns that surround it.
WORD FAMILY
outskirt: outskirts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although Affleck was born in California, his family moved to Cambridge on the outskirts of Boston when he was two.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Another suggestion is to bar American diplomats from using their summer retreat on the outskirts of Moscow and a warehouse south of Moscow.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Another suggestion is to bar U.S. diplomats from using their summer retreat on the outskirts of Moscow and a warehouse in the south of Moscow.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 郊外; 市郊，郊区; 从外围经过; 边缘
分布：郊区(99%)，名词outskirt的复数.(1%)
→out-,向外，skirt,裙摆，边缘。比喻用法。
郊区(out+skirts裙子;城市周边→郊区)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
n.郊区The virtueless girl's duty is to wash the dirty shirts and skirts in the outskirts.无美德女孩的职责就是在郊区洗脏衬衣和裙子.
【记】out外，skirt裙子，s：裙子的外边－郊区
【参】outspoken（adj 坦率直言的）；outstrip（v 超过）
N-PLURAL
市郊；郊区
The outskirts of a city or town are the parts of it that are farthest away from its centre.
例：Hours later we reached the outskirts of New York.我们几小时后到达了纽约市郊。
outskirts, suburbs
这两个名词均有“郊区、近郊”之意。
outskirts: 在现代英语中只用这个复数形式，通常指市区以外的地方。
suburbs: 侧重指与市区相接或相邻的居住区。
n. 市郊，郊区
 - suburban district, banlieue

Word: unpopular
Front: unpopular
[ʌnˈpɒpjələ(r)] (8474/7586 -2)
Back: adj. 不受欢迎的，不流行的; 无人望的; 不得人心的
分布：不受欢迎的(91%)，不流行的(9%)
US [-'pɑ:.pjə.lɚ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not liked by many people 不普及的；不流行的；不受欢迎的
• Night flights from the airport are deeply unpopular. 从该机场出发的夜间航班非常不受欢迎。
• The government is becoming increasingly unpopular. 政府变得越来越不得人心。
adj. 不流行的，不受欢迎的
 - unacceptable, undesired

Word: worsen
Front: worsen
[ˈwɜ:sn] (8475/9477 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变得更坏，（使）恶化; 恶化，更坏
时态：worsened, worsening, worsens
分布：动词(100%)
US ['wɝ:-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become worse or to make something become worse （使）恶化；（使）更糟
• As the company's financial problems worsened, several directors resigned. 由于公司的财务状况恶化，有几位经理辞职了。
• The continued supply of arms to the region will only worsen the situation. 向该地区不断提供武器只会使局势恶化。
vi. 恶化；变得更坏；更坏
 - go ill, change for the worse
vt. 使恶化；使变得更坏
 - aggravate, complicate

Word: chosen
Front: chosen
[ˈtʃəʊzn] (8482/5266)
Back: adj. 挑选出来的，精选的; <宗>上帝所选的
v. 挑选( choose的过去分词 ); 选择; 选定; 喜欢
分布：挑选出来的(84%)，动词choose的过去分词形式.(16%)
US ['tʃoʊ-] verb past participle of
■choose
UK ['tʃəʊ.zən] US ['tʃoʊ-] verb
the chosen few
■a small group of people who are treated better than other people, often when they do not deserve it 被选中的几个人；（常指不配）受到特别优待的几个人
• There's a staff canteen for everyone and there's a smarter restaurant for the chosen few. 有一个为大家开放的员工餐厅，还有一个更豪华的餐厅专门招待为数不多的几位享受特别待遇的人。
adj. 挑选出来的，精选的
 - select, picked, choice

Word: devour
Front: devour
[dɪˈvaʊə(r)] (六托雅宝 8478/9824 -1)
Vocabulary: devour
(once / 370 pages)
v
When you've gone all day without eating anything, you'll probably devour your dinner, especially if it's your very favorite homemade lasagna. Devour means to eat greedily and hungrily.
The meaning of devour has grown to include the consumption of things other than food. If you sit down to start a book and look up ten hours later having turned the last page, you have devoured that book. If your after school job devours all your free time, chances are your grades are going to drop. The Latin root, devorare, means "to swallow down."
WORD FAMILY
devour: devoured, devourer, devouring, devours+/devourer: devourers/devouring: devouringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I thought my own Rebel designation — a person who skips meals, then devours, Pac-Man like, everything in her path — was spot on.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They are devouring crops in six of the southern African state's 10 provinces.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
This year, I devoured, in one continuous night of reading, Liz Moore’s “The Unseen World,” a novel about artificial intelligence and family secrets.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃光; 吞没，毁灭; 全神贯注地看
时态：devoured, devouring, devours
分布：吞食(67%)，毁灭(28%)，贪婪地阅读(5%)
→de-, 强调，整个的。-vour, 吃，词源同herbivore, voracity. 即整个吃下去，狼吞虎咽。
吞吃(de下去+vour[=vor]→吃下去→吞吃)[vor=eat,表示"吃"]
【参】voracious（adj 狼吞虎咽的；贪婪的）
US [-'vaʊɚ] verb transitive
■to eat something eagerly and in large amounts so that nothing is left 狼吞虎咽，吞食
• The young cubs hungrily devoured the deer. 幼狮们贪婪地吞食着鹿肉。
■literary
■to destroy something completely 吞噬，毁灭
• The flames quickly devoured the building. 火焰很快吞噬了那座建筑物。
■to read books or literature quickly and eagerly 如饥似渴地阅读，贪婪地阅读
• She's a very keen reader - she devours one book after another. 她非常喜欢读书——贪婪地读了一本又一本。
UK [dɪ'vaʊər] US [-'vaʊɚ] verb transitive
be devoured by sth
■to feel an emotion, especially a bad emotion, very strongly so that it strongly influences your behaviour 被（某种情感）吞噬，充满（某种情感）
• He was devoured by jealousy/hatred. 他内心充满了嫉妒／仇恨。
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
vt. 吞食；毁灭；凝视
 - devastate, wrack and ruin

Word: aged
Front: aged
[eɪdʒd] (托 8479/2890 -K2)
Back: adj. 老年的，陈年的; （食品、酒等）陈年的; （动物）达到几岁龄的; 老年人特有的
v. “age”的过去式和过去分词; 使显老，使苍老
分布：年老的(91%)，动词age的过去式和过去分词形式.(9%)
adjective
AGE 岁数
 IMPROVER ]eɪdʒd/ [before noun]
■of the age of …岁
• They've got one daughter, Isabel, aged 3. 他们有个女儿，叫伊莎贝尔，三岁了。
adjective
OLD 年老的 /'eɪ.dʒɪd/
■old 年老的
• She has two rather aged aunts. 她有两位年迈的姑姑。
plural noun]Diːˈeɪdʒɪd/
the aged
■old people when considered as a group 老年人
• The hospital was built to meet the needs of the aged. 这所医院是为了满足老年人的需要而建立的。
adj. [高分子] 年老的；…岁的；老年人特有的
 - old, advanced, ancient

Word: con
Front: con
[kɒn] (5617/7549 -2)
Vocabulary: con
(once / 635 pages)
1nadv 2nv 3v 4n
A con, or confidence game, is a swindle — when you take advantage of someone's trust. If you con someone out of their life savings, you might wind up a con — as in convict.
The word con has many meanings, none of them good. An argument has pros and cons, and the cons are always the downside. An ex-con is someone who spent time in jail as a convict, and a con artist is someone who scams people out of their money.
WORD FAMILY
con: cons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Qualls, a junior defensive lineman, was asked what pros and cons he would weigh in his decision.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He’s an advocate for simple living but his research explores both the pros and cons of frugality.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There’s a split in the yoga world about the pros and cons of flesh-eating but unanimous consent that gluttony is not your friend.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 反对票，反对者; 反对的论点，反对的理由
vt. 精读，熟读; 默记，谙记
prep. 以…，用…; 反对
adj. 欺诈的，骗取信任的
adv. 反面地，从反面
时态：conned, conning, cons
分布：骗局(39%)，反对(16%)，精读(13%)，反对的理由(11%)，反面地(10%)，记诵(8%)，反对地(3%)
US [kɑ:n] verb transitive (-nn-) informal
■to make someone believe something false, usually so that they will give you their money or possessions 骗，诈骗，哄骗（通常指钱财）
• She felt she had been conned into buying the car. 她觉得自己上当受骗买下了这辆车。
• Thieves conned him out of his life savings. 小偷骗走了他一辈子的积蓄。
• He managed to con £20 out of them (= get that amount from them by deceiving them). 他从他们那里骗得20英镑。
UK [kɒn] US [kɑ:n] noun
TRICK 欺骗
countable informal
■a trick to get someone's money, or make them do what you want 骗局；圈套；花招
• It's a con - you get half the food for twice the price! 这是个圈套——你花两倍的钱才买到一半的食物！
• a con trick 骗局
UK [kɒn] US [kɑ:n] noun
DISADVANTAGE 劣势
countable usually plural informal
■a disadvantage or a reason for not doing something 不利条件；弊病
• One of the cons of buying a bigger car is that it costs more to run. 买辆大一点的汽车的缺点是跑起来更费油。
• You have to weigh up all the pros and cons of the matter before you make a decision. 作决定之前，你要权衡问题的利弊。
UK [kɒn] US [kɑ:n] noun
PRISONER 囚犯
countable slang
■a convict
n. 反对票；反对论
 - non
vt. 精读；默记
 - peruse, learn by heart
adv. 反面地
 - reversely
adj. 欺诈的
 - deceptive, imposturous

Word: tasty
Front: tasty
[ˈteɪsti] (高托宝 8471/9957 -1)
Vocabulary: tasty
(once / 4385 pages)
adj
Things that taste great are tasty. You could describe your favorite foods, from doughnuts to baked ziti, as tasty.
While tasty basically means the same thing as yummy or flavorful, it implies a less serious compliment than the word delicious, for example. Potato chips are tasty, and so are grilled cheese sandwiches and soft serve ice cream cones. They're pleasant and appetizing, but not necessarily the most amazing food you've ever eaten. Tasty once had a secondary meaning of "elegant" or "tasteful."
WORD FAMILY
tasty: tastier, tastiest, tastily, tastiness+/ distaste: distastes/ distasteful: distastefully, distastefulness/foretaste: foretastes/taste: distaste, foretaste, tasted, tasteful, tasteless, taster, tastes, tasting, tasty /tasted: untasted/tasteful: distasteful, tastefully, tastefulness/tasteless: tastelessly, tastelessness/taster: tasters/tasting: tastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The strike started December 28 after Pacific Choice Seafood in Humboldt County, California, offered to pay $2.75 a pound for the tasty crustacean.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She sells it in places like Tasty Olive Co. in Highland and is interested in offering it at local coffee shops.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The strike started Wednesday after buyers offered to pay $2.75 a pound for the tasty crustacean.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 美味的，可口的; 高雅的，有品味的; 有趣的
n. 可口的东西; 引人入胜的东西
级别：tastier, tastiest
分布：好吃的(67%)，有趣的(28%)，有品位的(5%)
【记】源于：taste（v 品尝；n 味道）
【反】uninteresting（adj 无趣的；令人厌倦的）
adjective
FOOD 食物
■describes food which has a strong and very pleasant flavour 美味的，可口的
• This soup is very tasty. 这汤味道好极了。
['teɪ.sti] adjective
PERSON 人 informal
■describes someone who is very sexually attractive 有魅力的，迷人的
adj. 美味的；高雅的；有趣的
 - elegant, delicious, colorful, funny, exquisite

Word: simplify
Front: simplify
[ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] (高研四六雅 8483/7074 -1)
Vocabulary: simplify
(once / 1297 pages)
v
To simplify something is to make it less complex and easier to understand. When you simplify, you make things clearer.
Since simple things have less parts or complexity, when you simplify, you're eliminating the clutter and reducing something to its essence. For example, if a speech is long and confusing, the person giving it might need to simplify their ideas: make them clearer. Teachers are good at simplifying; they take complex ideas and make them easier for students to understand. If you don't understand what someone is telling you, ask them to simplify it.
WORD FAMILY
simplify: oversimplify, simplification, simplified, simplifies, simplifying+/oversimplification: oversimplifications/oversimplify: oversimplification, oversimplified, oversimplifies, oversimplifying/ simple: simmpleness, simpleness, simpler, simples, simplest, simplicity, simplify, simplism, simplistic, simply/ simplicity: simplicities/simplification: simplifications/simplism: simplisms/ simplistic: simplistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
We hope the new board will simplify this and conduct its discussions on key issues in a more public friendly manner.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Johnson said the characters he described were “a bit more babyish, more simplified” than the ones that turned up in the finished book.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead of just hitting the gym and dropping some pounds, consider changing some personal habits to simplify the tech in your life.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 简化; 使单纯; 使简易
时态：simplified, simplifying, simplifies
分布：简化(99%)，使简单(1%)
→simple,简单的，-fy,使。引申词义使简化。
v.简化,使单纯Try to simplify your explanation for the children.你给孩子们讲解要设法讲得简单明了.
【反】elaborate（v 精心制作；详细阐述）
US [-plə-] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to make something less complicated and therefore easier to do or understand 使简化；使简易
• the new simplified tax system 简化后的新税制
• He tried to simplify the story for the younger audience. 在讲给年龄较小的听众听时，他尽可能地简化这个故事。
vt. 简化；使单纯；使简易
 - predigest, deformalize

Word: haircut
Front: haircut
[ˈheəkʌt] (高四六 8476/12035 -1)
Vocabulary: haircut
(once / 6523 pages)
n
A haircut is what a barber does when he trims your hair with scissors. You might decide it's time for a haircut when your bangs are hanging in your eyes.
Some people go to fancy salons for a haircut, while others visit a barber or trust a friend to give them a haircut. You can call the resulting style — the layered sides or shaved neck — a haircut too. If your haircut is striking or unusual, like a spiky purple Mohawk, you'll probably get lots of comments and admiring glances. The haircut is believed to date from A.U.C. 454, in ancient Rome.
WORD FAMILY
haircut: haircuts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like all of Klein’s clients, Frick set up an appointment for his haircut.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At the local barbershop, a line of long-haired customers waited on wobbly plastic chairs for haircuts that were forbidden under Islamic State rule.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“It used to be just a good haircut,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 理发; 发型; 发式
分布：理发(84%)，发式(16%)
US ['her-] noun countable
■the style in which someone's hair is cut, or an occasion of cutting or styling the hair 发型，发式；理发
• I've had a really awful haircut. 我的发型真难看。
• I wish he'd get/have a haircut. 我希望他去理个发。
n. 理发；发型
 - frisure, hair style

Word: envy
Front: envy
[ˈenvi] (高研四六雅 8491/8468 -2)
Vocabulary: envy
(once / 193 pages)
nv
Wanting what someone else has and resenting them for having it is envy. If your best friend comes to school with the silver backpack you’d had your eye on all summer, you want to be happy for her, instead you feel bitter envy.
Envy comes from the Latin word invidere, which literally means “look upon.” You know when you say something funny or smart and someone gives you the evil eye? Envy all the way. Envy can be used as a noun or as a verb: Envy (noun) is the feeling you have when you envy (verb) what someone else has.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
envy / jealousy
It's no fun to feel envy or jealousy because both make you feel inadequate. Envy is when you want what someone else has, but jealousy is when you're worried someone's trying to take what you have. If you want your neighbor's new convertible, you feel envy. If she takes your husband for a ride, you feel jealousy.
Envy requires two parties, like you and that neighbor, when you want her new car and you wish you were the one riding around with the top down. You feel envy when you want something someone else has:
Tall and lean, he is wearing blue jeans, tennis shoes, a dark blazer and red tie with hair every sports anchor would envy. (Chicago Tribune)
"There be many, Judith," said he, "who might envy you your health and good spirits." (William Black)
Jealousy requires three parties, like you, your neighbor, and your husband, when not only do you wish you had that cool car, but you're worried your husband is going to ride off into the sunset in it without you. Jealousy is exciting because it shows up in lovers' triangles and Shakespeare's plays:
In Shakespeare, Othello is doomed by jealousy, Lear by pride. (Slate)
The peasant, mad with jealousy, ended by driving an awl into his chest. (Fyodor Dostoyevsky)
Professional jealousy, tortured artist blues, Spinal Tap-ish excess and other clichés abound, but nobody seems to notice. (The Guardian)
You can feel envy about something you don't have but want, but you feel jealousy over something you already have but are afraid of losing, like that husband who's always hanging out next door.
WORD FAMILY
envy: enviable, envied, envies, envious, envying+/ enviable: enviably, unenviable/ envious: enviously, enviousness/unenviable: unenviably
USAGE EXAMPLES
His father would pick him up from school in that car, and he was the envy of all the other children.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
His father would pick him up from school in that car, and he was the envy of all the kids.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is not just first novelists who will envy Greenwell’s achievement.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 嫉妒，妒忌; 羡慕
vi. 感到妒忌; 显示出妒忌
时态：envied, envying, envies
分布：羡慕(78%)，妒忌(22%)
→来自拉丁语invidia, 来自词根vid, 看，词源同video,visage. 词义贬义化，指不怀好意的看。
毒剂(en+vy[=vid]看到[别人]→妒忌)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
v./n.羡慕,忌妒How I envy you!我好羡慕你!
verb transitive
 IMPROVER
■to wish that you had something that another person has 羡慕；忌妒
• I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before. 她与人初次见面就能侃侃而谈，这真让我羡慕。
• [+ two objects] I don't envy you the job of cooking for all those people. 为所有那些人做饭，你这种工作我一点都不羡慕。
['en.vi] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has 羡慕；忌妒
• I watched with envy as she set off for the airport. 看着她动身去机场，我心中好生羡慕。
Compare jealousy
be the envy of sb
■to be liked and wanted by a lot of people 是令（某人）羡慕（或嫉妒）的对象
• Her hair is the envy of the office. 她的一头秀发令同办公室的人好生羡慕。
jealousy, envy
这组词都有“妒忌”的意思，其区别是：
jealousy: 强调对别人占有的东西恼恨不满。
envy: 侧重指因别人获得了自己本想获得的东西或成就而产生妒忌。
n. 嫉妒，妒忌；羡慕
 - jealousy, green-eyed monster
vt. 嫉妒，妒忌；羡慕
 - green eyed, be jealous

Word: sensory
Front: sensory
[ˈsensəri] (托 8489/8022 -1)
Vocabulary: sensory
(once / 5205 pages)
adj
The adjective sensory describes something relating to sensation — something that you feel with your physical senses. Sticking a knife into a toaster will give you a sensory experience, but so will smelling a rose. Stick with the rose.
Sensory comes from the Latin word sentire, meaning "to perceive, feel." Sampling your mom's blueberry pie is a sensory experience — you can smell it, you can taste it, and the crust has a really good texture. You may get sensory overload when you're in New York City because there's so much for your senses to take in. Sensory can also describe a nerve fiber, such as a sensory neuron, that carries impulses to the nerve centers in your body.
WORD FAMILY
sensory
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lloyds is not the first bank to spot the possibilities of sensory attraction.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
There are sensory issues as well, Buchanan explained.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Small stores designed specifically for children with sensory issues are popping up as well.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 感觉的，感受的，感官的; 传递感觉的
分布：感觉的(55%)，知觉的(35%)，知觉器官的(10%)
→来自 sense,感觉，知觉，感官，-ory,形容词后缀。
感觉的,知觉的(sens+ory)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
US [-sɚ-] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■connected with the physical senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing and seeing 感觉的；感官的
adj. [生理] 感觉的；知觉的；传递感觉的
 - perceptual, esthetic

Word: hefty
Front: hefty
[ˈhefti] (8480/11356 -1)
Vocabulary: hefty
(once / 3514 pages)
adj
Something that's hefty is big and heavy. When you have to lug a hefty suitcase around, it helps if it has wheels.
Hefty objects are large and bulky, and you can describe people as hefty when they're big and brawny and strong. When you buy a hefty bag of dog food for your hefty bull mastiff, you might want to ask a hefty young employee if she'll help you carry it to your car. Hefty comes from heft, which means both "to lift" and "weight or heaviness."
WORD FAMILY
hefty: heftier, heftiest, heftily, heftiness+/ heft: hefted, hefting, hefts, hefty
USAGE EXAMPLES
The legislation is likely to erase the mandate that people buy insurance or face hefty IRS fines, which Republicans despise.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
None of them outshone the year’s top sporting animal, though: Brazil’s hefty and nonplussed golf course capybaras.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
After he lost his long legal battle over a hefty state fine, the Czech president warned him to pay up or lose his post.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 重的; 健壮的; 异常大的
n. 健壮的人
级别：heftier, heftiest
分布：重的(65%)，肌肉发达的(20%)，异常大的(9%)，相当多的(6%)
→来自heft,举起，搬动，词源同heavy.
adjective
■large in amount, size, force, etc （数额、尺寸、力量等）大的，可观的
• a hefty bill/fine 巨额帐单／罚款
• Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%. 她的薪水将会暴增10%。
• a hefty woman with dyed blond hair 头发染成金黄色的高大女子
adj. 重的；肌肉发达的；异常大的
 - weighty, muscular
adv. 强有力地；非常
 - strongly, extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: noticeable
Front: noticeable
[ˈnəʊtɪsəbl] (研四六 8488/6347 -K2)
Vocabulary: noticeable
(once / 824 pages)
adj
Something that is noticeable is apparent or easy to be noticed. If the change in your report cards is noticeable, let's hope it’s because your grades went up!
It’s easy to remember noticeable, by thinking of it as able to be noticed. Noticeable also means deserving of being noticed, or notable, like good manners or good work habits. Other noticeable things are just easy to spot, and not always in a good way. That piece of spinach between your teeth the entire time you were having lunch with your boss? “Don’t worry; it was hardly noticeable."
WORD FAMILY
noticeable: noticeability, noticeableness, noticeably, unnoticeable+/ notice: noticeable, noticed, noticer, notices, noticing, notify /noticed: unnoticed/ notification: notifications/ notify: notifiable, notification, notified, notifies, notifying/unnoticeable: unnoticeableness, unnoticeably/unnoticed: unnoticedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His one noticeable zinger, “You guys are ducking more questions than Congress,” sounded scripted.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The changes became noticeable when the artists were in their 40s.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
“It was noticeable by our kids,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 显而易见的，明显的; 引人注目的，令人瞩目的; 显著的，重要的; 可以察觉的
分布：显著的(45%)，显而易见的(35%)，值得注意的(20%)
→来自notice,注意。
a.显而易见的,值得注意的,重要的In the hot hotel the devoted voter did not notice the noticeable notebook.在炎热的旅馆里,热心的投票者没有注意到显而易见的笔记本.
US ['noʊ.tˌɪ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■easy to see or recognize 显而易见的，明显的，显著的
• There has been a noticeable improvement in Tim's cooking. 提姆的烹饪水准显著提高。
striking, remarkable, noticeable, outstanding, conspicuous
这组词都有“显著的，引人注意的”的意思，其区别是：
striking: 侧重能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。
remarkable: 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。
noticeable: 指所描绘的事物引人注意。
outstanding: 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。
conspicuous: 通常指因成绩卓著，而引人注意，或指因外观奇特、花哨或言行举止不合常规而令人注意。
adj. 显而易见的，显著的；值得注意的
 - obvious, prominent, remarkable, marked, noted

Word: crushed
Front: crushed
[krʌʃt] (8473/11431)
Vocabulary: crushed
(once / 331 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's crushed is broken or crumbled into small pieces, or crumpled so that it's very wrinkled. Crushed ice is one way to chill your lemonade on a hot day.
You can used crushed stone to pave the paths in your garden, or add crushed garlic to spice up your soup. It's less pleasant to see your car's crushed fender after an accident, or to end up with a crushed toe after accidentally dropping a brick on your foot. A figurative way to be crushed is to be completely devastated or humiliated: "She had a crushed expression on her face after losing the spelling bee."
WORD FAMILY
crush: crushed, crusher, crushes, crushing +/crusher: crushers/ crushing: crushingly, crushings
USAGE EXAMPLES
St. Thomas crushed their next four opponents: 42–8, 42–7, 49–0, 45–19.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He said people appeared to be crushed as they ran away.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The Buckeyes upset top-ranked Alabama in a semifinal, then crushed Oregon for the national title.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. [医]压碎的，粉碎的
v. 压碎，压坏( crush的过去式和过去分词 ); 破坏; 镇压; 榨
分布：压碎的(64%)，碾碎的(18%)，动词crush的过去式和过去分词.(9%)，起皱的(9%)
VERB
压坏;压碎;挤压变形
To crush something means to press it very hard so that its shape is destroyed or so that it breaks into pieces.
例：Andrew crushed his empty can...安德鲁把他的空罐子捏扁了。
例：Their vehicle was crushed by an army tank...他们的车被一辆军用坦克压扁了。
VERB
(常指通过武力)制服，镇压，彻底击败
To crush a protest or movement, or a group of opponents, means to defeat it completely, usually by force.
例：The military operation was the first step in a plan to crush the uprising.军事行动是镇压暴动计划的第一步。
例：...in his bid to crush the rebels.在他镇压叛乱者的过程中
VERB
使心烦意乱;使消沉
If you are crushed by something, it upsets you a great deal.
例：Listen to criticism but don't be crushed by it.听取批评意见，但不要被它击垮。
VERB
推;压;挤
If you are crushed against someone or something, you are pushed or pressed against them.
例：We were at the front, crushed against the stage.我们在前面，被挤到了舞台边上。
N-COUNT
拥挤的人群
A crush is a crowd of people close together, in which it is difficult to move.
例：Franklin and his thirteen-year-old son somehow got separated in the crush...富兰克林和他13岁的儿子在人群中被挤散了。
例：Everywhere he went he was mobbed by a crush of fans.他所到之处都有成群的歌迷簇拥着他。
N-COUNT
(对…的)迷恋;(对…的)爱慕
If you have a crush on someone, you are in love with them but do not have a relationship with them.
例：She had a crush on you, you know...她曾爱慕你，你是知道的。
例：I'd got over my schoolgirl crush.我已经不再像女学生那样迷恋别人了。
adj. 压碎的，倒碎的
 - squashed

Word: pry
Front: pry
[praɪ] (托雅宝 8498/16301 -1)
Vocabulary: pry
(once / 1127 pages)
1v 2vn
To pry is to try and find something out that is none of your business. We all hate people who pry, sticking their nose into our personal affairs, and it is an annoying and disrespectful habit.
We are taught as children to ask questions, but sometimes those questions are used to pry, or peek into someone's private business. A nosy person will peek into some else's life the same way one might use a crowbar to pry open a crate (though — alert! — that pry has a different origin). Our word is thought to come from a word related to the Old English verb beprīwan, "to wink," which evolved into the Middle English prie, "to peer in," which gives us today's meaning.
WORD FAMILY
pry: pried, pries, pryed, prying, prys+/ prying: pryingly, pryings
USAGE EXAMPLES
About 35 minutes after Seacrest’s initial post he sent a video of a grinning New York firefighter prying open the elevator doors to cheers.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Brent Pry, Penn State’s defensive coordinator, crossed paths with Helton when both were assistants at Memphis.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Brent Pry, the school’s defensive coordinator, wanted him to call immediately.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 窥探，打探
vt. 撬开，撬动; 费力地得到
n. 窥探; 撬杠; 爱打探的人
时态：pried, prying, prys
分布：窥探(53%)，打听(30%)，杠杆(9%)，爱打探的人(4%)，用杠杆撬开(4%)
→来自中古法语prien,偷窥，打探，可能来自piren的变体词，来自piren,偷窥，词源同peer.pry 撬开，撬动
【记】源于：spy（n 特工人员；v 侦察）
verb
ASK QUESTIONS 问问题
intransitive disapproving
■to try to find out private facts about a person 探听，打听（隐私）
• As a reporter, I was paid to pry into other people's lives. 作为一个记者，我拿取报酬去窥探他人的生活。
• I hope you don't think I'm prying, but has your boyfriend ever lived with anyone before? 我希望你不会觉得我是在窥探你的私生活——你男朋友以前和甚么人同居过吗？
• She wanted a private holiday away from prying eyes (= where no one would be trying to see her). 她想过一个属于自己的假期，避开那些刺探的目光。
[praɪ] verb
OPEN 打开
transitive mainly US
■to move or lift something by pressing a tool against a fixed point 撬开，撬起
• [+ adj] The car trunk had been pried open and all her equipment was gone. 汽车的行李箱被撬开，她所有的装备都不见了。
vt. 撬动，撬开
 - prize up, jimmy
vi. 刺探，探查
 - burrow into
n. 窥探； [机] 杠杆
 - lever, heaver

Word: denomination
Front: denomination
[dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃn] (托雅宝 8503/10359 -1)
Vocabulary: denomination
(once / 934 pages)
n
A denomination is a way of classifying things — it names the type or value of something. Denomination often refers to money. For example, $20 bills are of the same denomination.
When denomination is applied to money, you’ll often hear the terms “lower denomination” or “higher denomination.” If you hand the cashier a $50 bill to pay for your latte, she might ask if you have a bill in a lower denomination — she’s asking for a smaller bill, like a $5 or a $10. Denomination can apply to other things that are categorized by type, such as playing cards or groups within the same religious tradition.
WORD FAMILY
denomination: denominational, denominations+/denominate: denominated, denominates, denominating, denomination /denominational: denominationalism, denominationally, interdenominational, nondenominational, undenominational/interdenominational: interdenominationally/ nominate: denominate, nominated, nominates, nominating, nomination, nominative, nominator/nomination: nominations/nominative: nominatively, nominatives/nominator: nominators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government says it will distribute new bills in larger denominations.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Nor is the promised 20,000-bolivar denomination, which is slated to become the new, largest bill.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The unrest began on Friday following this week's surprise pulling from circulation of Venezuela's largest denomination note, 100 bolivars, before replacement bills were available.
Reuters(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 宗派; 教派; 面额; <正>名称
分布：教派(44%)，面额(36%)，名称(20%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-nom, 命名，词源同name. 即命名，同宗教名，教派。
命名;(货币)单位(denominate+ion)[nomin=name,表示"名称,名字"]
US [-ˌnɑ:.mə-] noun
RELIGIOUS GROUP 宗教团体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a religious group which has slightly different beliefs from other groups which share the same religion （某种宗教的）分支，派别
• Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are both denominations of the Christian faith. 新教和天主教都是基督教的分支。
UK [dɪˌnɒm.ɪ'neɪ.ʃən] US [-ˌnɑ:.mə-] noun
VALUE 价值
countable
■a unit of value, especially of money （尤指钱的）面值，面额
• It always takes time to get used to the different denominations of coins when you go to a foreign country. 到了外国，总要花些时间去熟悉不同面额的硬币。
n. [金融] 面额；名称；教派
 - name, church

Word: cock
Front: cock
[kɒk] (高研四六 8484/7962 -2)
Vocabulary: cock
(once / 369 pages)
1nv 2vn 3n 4v 5n
Cock is most often used to refer to either birds or guns. A cock is a rooster, but it's also the hammer on a gun that you adjust so you can fire it.
You might hear the word cock used to mean "penis," but that's a vulgar form of the word, so be sure you're in the right company if you opt to use it. A cock is a male bird, particularly a rooster. When you cock a gun, you raise its cock to make it ready for firing. When you cock something in a certain direction, you are tilting it that way.
WORD FAMILY
cock: cocked, cocking, cocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a cross-examination, he stands erect, chest cocked, as if to fill the courtroom.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Murray said the gun was cocked, its safety was off and it had a round in its chamber.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Adapted screenplay went to Jay Cocks and Martin Scorsese for “Silence.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 公鸡; 成熟雄鸟; 首领，领导; 龙头
vt. 使某物竖起; 使某物倾斜; 使朝上; 扳上扳机
vi. 翘起，竖起; 大摇大摆
时态：cocked, cocking, cocks
分布：公鸡(68%)，旋塞(11%)，竖起(11%)，翘起(8%)，雄禽(2%)
→来自keuk, 鸡叫声，词源同chicken.
n.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关At 8 o'clock the clerk locked the flock of cocks in the room.八点钟时办事员将那群公鸡锁在房间里.
US [kɑ:k] noun
BIRD 鸟
countable (US also rooster)
■an adult male chicken 公鸡，雄鸡
• The cock started to crow. 公鸡开始叫了。
countable
■used with the name of a bird to refer to the adult male of that type （与鸟名合用）雄鸟，雄禽
• a cock robin 雄知更鸟
• a cock pheasant 雄雉鸡
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] noun
PENIS 阴茎
countable offensive
■a penis 阴茎，鸡巴
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] noun
FORM OF ADDRESS 称呼形式 (also cocker) UK old-fashioned informal
■a friendly form of address, used especially by a man talking to another man （亲热的称呼，尤用于男子之间）老兄，伙计
• Wotcher, cock! How's things? 嘿，伙计！怎么样？
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
TURN 转动
transitive
■to move a part of your body upwards or in a particular direction 竖起，翘起，歪着
• He cocked his head on one side with a slight frown. 他把头歪向一边，皱了皱眉。
• The dog cocked its leg against a tree. 狗靠在一棵树上，翘起一条腿。
• to cock an ear/eyebrow 竖起耳朵／扬起眉毛
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
PREPARE GUN 准备好枪
transitive
■to push the necessary piece of a gun up into position so that it is ready for firing 扣上（枪的）扳机；扳起（枪的）击铁；拉起（枪的）枪栓
• He cocked his rifle and took aim. 他拉上了步枪的枪栓瞄准目标。
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
cock a snook at sb/sth UK
■to do something intentionally to show you have no respect for someone or something 对…嗤之以鼻，对…不屑一顾
• He could seldom resist an opportunity to cock a snook at traditional English life. 他从来不放过对传统的英国式生活表示轻蔑的机会。
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cock sth up UK slang
■to do something wrong or badly 把…弄糟；把…搞砸；破坏
• David cocked up the arrangements and we ended up missing the reception. 大卫安排得一团糟，结果我们错过了招待会。
• "How did the exam go?" "Terrible - I panicked and really cocked it up." “你考得怎么样？”“糟透了——我怯场，考得真是一塌糊涂。”
n. [禽] 公鸡；龙头；雄鸟；头目
 - rooster, coq
vt. 使竖起；使耸立；使朝上
 - peak
vi. 翘起；竖起；大摇大摆
 - stick up, tilt

Word: group
Front: group
[gru:p] (中高雅宝 163/142 -K5)
Vocabulary: group
(once / 31 pages)
nv
A group is an organization of people or things, like a reading group at a public library that holds book discussions every month.
Group comes from the word for lump, or cluster. If you're out walking at night and see a group of wild dogs coming at you, best to go the other way. You could always find a group of people to walk with if you don't want to be alone. Group can also be used as a verb. If you're painting a still life, you might collect a bunch of objects from your house and group them together in an eye-pleasing arrangement.
WORD FAMILY
group: grouped, grouper, grouping, groups, intragroup, regroup, subgroup+/grouper: groupers/grouping: groupings/ regroup: regrouped, regrouping, regroups/subgroup: subgroups
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is a special group of guys. Oh, man, this is the time to step up.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A statement issued to the Diamondback from ProtectUMD about why no Jewish groups signed the demands said that any community was welcome to participate.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“It’s a pretty consistent group, so there’s a community here, which is a bit different than some of the big gyms,” said Heather, 30.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 组，团体; 群，批; （雕塑等的）群像; （英美的）空军大队
vt. & vi. 使成群，集合
vt. 分类，归类
时态：grouped, grouping, groups
分布：组(59%)，群(23%)，团体(9%)，集团(8%)，聚合(1%)
→来自ger, 弯，转，成团，词源同crowd,aggregate.
n.群,组v.分组Cousin saw a group of couples in cloaks soak their souls in the soapy soup.表哥看见一群穿着斗篷的夫妇在肥皂汤里浸泡灵魂.
【反】isolate（vt 使隔离；使孤立）
noun
SET 一组
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a number of people or things that are put together or considered as a unit 组；群；批；簇
• I'm meeting a group of friends for dinner tonight. 今晚我要与一班朋友聚餐。
• The car was parked near a small group of trees. 汽车停在一片小树林附近。
• She showed me another group of pictures, this time of children playing. 她又给我看了另外一组照片，这次是小朋友玩耍的情景。
[gru:p] noun
MUSIC 音乐
 ESSENTIAL countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a number of people who play music together, especially pop music （尤指流行音乐）乐团，乐队，组合
• What's your favourite group? 你最喜欢的乐队是哪个？
• a pop/rock group 流行／摇滚乐队
[gru:p] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to form a group or put people or things into a group （使）成群；（使）成组；（使）分类
• We all grouped together round the bride for a family photograph. 我们所有人都簇拥在新娘四周拍了张全家福。
• I grouped the children according to age. 我按年龄把小朋友分成小组。
• The books were grouped by size. 这些书是根据开本大小分类的。
personal, inhabitants, group, people, corporation, individuals
personal: 人员，职员
inhabitants: 居民
group: 团体
people: 民族，种族
corporation: 公司
individuals: 个人，有某种特点的人
band, mob, masses, gang, swarm, group, throug, crowd
这组词都有“群，帮，伙”的意思，其区别是：
band: 多指一群有明确宗旨，为共同目的而结合在一起的人，常含贬义。
mob: 指无组织、乱七八糟凑合在一起的乌合之众，或指聚集在一起寻衅滋事的人群，多为暴徒。
masses: 指群众或人民大众。
gang: 常指从事非法、暴力或敌对活动的帮派或团伙。有时呈中性，词义同group。
swarm: 指人数众多，杂乱无章，不停移动的一群人。
group: 普通用词，通常指有组织、有秩序的一群人，也可指无意汇集在一起的一群人。
throug: 书面用词，意义接近crowd，侧重密集地挤在一起的一群，含挤在一起向前推进之意。
crowd: 常指无组织地乱哄哄地挤在一起的人群。
n. 组；团体
 - organization, community, team, body, suit
vi. 聚合
 - converge, polymerise

Word: dictionary
Front: dictionary
[ˈdɪkʃənri] (中高 8493/3332 -K2)
Vocabulary: dictionary
(once / 594 pages)
n
A dictionary is a collection of words and their definitions (and sometimes other information). Such collections are usually printed as books, but some are now designed for use on computers.
Dictionary originally came from the Latin word dictionarius, meaning "a manual or book of words." A dictionary is most commonly used to look up the definitions of particular words, but other information, such as etymology and usage guidelines, often appears as well. Electronic dictionaries can include even more information, like slang and popular texting acronyms, such as "ttyn," which stands for "talk to you never."
WORD FAMILY
dictionary: dictionaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke to the BBC about her upbringing in Croydon, the rappers she looks up to, and why she read the dictionary as a child.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“Post-truth,” a term sometimes used to describe the current political climate, is Oxford Dictionaries’ word of the year.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Each year the online dictionaries sum up the gist of the past 12 months by publishing a list of their most-searched words.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 词典，字典; [自]代码字典
分布：字典(51%)，词典(44%)，辞典(5%)
→来自diction, 说话，措辞。后用来指字典。
字典(diction+ary→措词的书→字典)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
字典(diction措词+ary)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
n.词典,字典The dictator predicted the contradiction in the dictionary.独裁者预言了字典中的矛盾.
US [-er.i] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a book that contains a list of words in alphabetical order with their meanings explained or written in another language, or a similar product for use on a computer 字典，词典
• a French-English/English-French dictionary 法英／英法词典
• a bilingual/monolingual dictionary 双语／单语词典
• To check how a word is spelt, look it up in a dictionary. 要确定单词的拼法就查词典。
 ESSENTIAL
■a book which gives information about a particular subject, in which the entries (= words or phrases) are given in alphabetical order 专业词典
• a biographical/science dictionary 人名／科技词典
• a dictionary of quotations 引语词典
n. 字典； [语] [计] 词典
 - lexicon, wordbook

Word: yep
Front: yep
[jep] (8486/4916)
Back: adv. <俚>是
分布：名词(100%)
[jep] informal
adverb
■yes 是的；好了；对
• "Do I press this button?" "Yep, that's right." “我按下这个按钮吗？”“是的，没错。”
adv. 是（美国俚语=yes）
 - yeah, yes, yeh

Word: handkerchief
Front: handkerchief
[ˈhæŋkətʃɪf] (高研四六 8487/6708 -1)
Vocabulary: handkerchief
(once / 273 pages)
n
A handkerchief is a square of fabric that you can use to blow your nose. You can also tuck a handkerchief in the breast pocket of a suit, or wear it tied jauntily around your neck.
You can call a handkerchief a "hanky," or just a kerchief, although this more often means "a square piece of cloth worn as a head covering." This last part of handkerchief comes from the Old French couvrechief, literally meaning "cover head," from couvrir, "cover," and chief, "head." So a handkerchief is a similar cloth held in the hand — to mop your brow or wipe your eyes.
WORD FAMILY
handkerchief: handkerchiefs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brown’s handkerchief was to be laid atop her, while Albert’s was merely to be included in the large collection of burial accouterments.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
We even fight about the creatures I drag home, things I find, most often, on my walks and wrap up in a handkerchief.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
“It’s the best funeral ever. Look at us. No one is crying, everyone is happy, no need for handkerchiefs. It’s a party,” Garcia said.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 手帕; 方巾，围巾
分布：手帕(96%)，围巾(3%)，方巾(1%)
→hand,手，kerchief,头巾，围巾。引申词义手帕。
n.手帕The handy left-hander left a handsome handkerchief on the handle of the handbag.手巧的左撇子把一方漂亮手帕留在手提包的提手上.
US [-kɚ-] noun countable (plural handkerchiefs or UK ALSO handkerchieves) (informal hankie, hanky)
■a square piece of cloth used for cleaning the nose or drying the eyes when they are wet with tears 手帕
• She took out her handkerchief and blew her nose loudly. 她掏出手帕大声地擤鼻涕。
Compare tissue
n. 手帕；头巾，围巾
 - hanky, noserag

Word: complementary
Front: complementary
[ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri] (托宝 8490/6673 -1)
Vocabulary: complementary
(once / 5599 pages)
1adjn 2adj
If something is complementary, then it somehow completes or enhances the qualities of something else. If your beautiful voice is completely complementary to your brother's song writing skills, you should form a family band!
You’ve probably heard of “complementary colors,” colors that are opposite in hue on the color wheel but actually go well together. When combined, they make a harmonious palette. People’s personalities can also be complementary, as can certain food pairings. But be careful not to confuse this adjective with the closely spelled complimentary, which means “supplied free of charge.”
WORD FAMILY
complementary: complementaries, complementarily, complementarity+/ complement: complemental, complementary, complementation, complemented, complementing, complements/complementarity: complementarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Magnetics is complementary and says something about the presence of magmatic rocks and sedimentary basins.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The two businesses are largely complementary, so a deal is unlikely to bring big savings beyond the tax advantage.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
The Chinese economy was highly complementary to Taiwan’s, and a majority of Taiwanese considered themselves “Chinese.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 互补的; 补充的，补足的
分布：互补的(74%)，补充的(26%)
US ['kɑ:m.plɪ'men.tˌɚ-] adjective
■useful or attractive together 补充的；互补的；补足的
• complementary colours/flavours/skills 互补色／风味／技能
• My family and my job both play an important part in my life, fulfilling separate but complementary needs. 家庭和工作都是我生活中重要的组成部分，两者互为补充，满足我不同的需要。
complex, complementary, comprehensive, compensating
complex: 复杂的；
complementary: 补充的；
comprehensive: 综合的；
compensating: 补偿的
adj. [数] [摄] 补足的，补充的
 - supplementary, adscititious

Word: thicken
Front: thicken
[ˈθɪkən] (六 8485/9828 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变厚; 使更厚
vt. 使（话等）不清晰; 使模糊; 使（情节等）复杂
vi. 变得不清晰; 变得模糊; 变复杂
时态：thickened, thickening, thickens
分布：变浓(55%)，使变厚(38%)，变为复杂(7%)
→thick,厚的，-en,使。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) become thicker （使）变厚（或浓、粗、密等）
• Thicken the sauce with a little flour. 加少许面粉把酱汁调稠。
• The smoke thickened rapidly. 烟雾很快变浓了。
vt. 使变厚；使模糊；使…变复杂
 - fog, obfuscate
vi. 变浓；变厚；变得模糊；变粗；变复杂
 - elaborate

Word: consolidation
Front: consolidation
[kənˌsɒlɪ'deɪʃən] (宝 8504/9011)
Vocabulary: consolidation
(once / 1820 pages)
n
In a tough economy, you see a lot of consolidation. This could be smaller businesses joining together or the consolidation of debt, as in combining three credit card payments into one. Anywhere there’s consolidation, there’s merging, joining, and combining.
You can see the word solid at the heart of consolidation, and its Latin roots will tell you that it means “to make solid together.” The goal of consolidation is really just that, to combine things in order to make them stronger or more beneficial. If you’re good at art and your friend is good at science, you may want to form a consolidation to take the science fair by storm.
WORD FAMILY
consolidation: consolidations+/ consolidate: consolidated, consolidates, consolidating, consolidation, consolidative/ consolidated: unconsolidated
USAGE EXAMPLES
The U.S. semiconductor industry is facing an unprecedented wave of consolidations, with mergers and acquisitions in the sector valued last year at over $100 billion.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
In late November, Chief Financial Officer Tarek Robbiati said the company needed to improve its own business before thinking about consolidation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Indeed, consolidation would help the entire industry raise prices and return to growth.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 巩固; 联合; 合并; 变坚固
分布：合并(48%)，巩固(39%)，统一(6%)，联合(4%)，加强(3%)
【反】fragmentation（n 分裂；破碎）
VERB
加强;巩固
If you consolidate something that you have, for example power or success, you strengthen it so that it becomes more effective or secure.
例：The question is: will the junta consolidate its power by force?...问题是：军政府会通过武力巩固其政权吗？
例：Brydon's team-mate Martin Williamson consolidated his lead in the National League when he won the latest round.布赖登的队友马丁·威廉森在最近一轮比赛中获胜，巩固了自己在全国联赛中的领先地位。
VERB
合并;使联合
To consolidate a number of small groups or firms means to make them into one large organization.
例：Judge Charles Schwartz is giving the state 60 days to disband and consolidate Louisiana's four higher education boards...查尔斯·施瓦茨法官将给路易斯安那州60天时间来解散然后合并该州的4个高等教育委员会。
例：IBM, which consolidated some operations last summer, has made clear that it needs to continue to streamline them.去年夏天合并了部分业务的IBM公司明确表示需要继续进行精简，以提高效率。
n. 巩固；合并；团结
 - unity, marriage, merger, coalition

Word: radiate
Front: radiate
[ˈreɪdieɪt] (研四六托雅 8496/10092 -1)
Vocabulary: radiate
(once / 354 pages)
1vadj 2v 3v
When something radiates, it sends out waves or rays. The sun radiates light and warmth.
If your house has a radiator, that might help you remember this word, because the radiator radiates warmth. Radiating is a concept that applies to anything that emits rays or waves. People camping make a fire so it can radiate light and heat. Our bodies radiate some heat, but not nearly as much as something as hot as a stove. If a nuclear reactor is damaged, it could radiate dangerous nuclear energy — or radiation.
WORD FAMILY
radiate: radiance, radiancy, radiated, radiately, radiates, radiating, radiatingly, radiation, radiator +/ radiance: radiances/ radiation: radiations/ radiator: radiators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regarding the Dec. 28 Metro article, “ ‘She radiated light . . . determination,’ ” about the murder of Tricia McCauley:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“He radiated energy, this tenacity,” he says of Parker.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Nobody ever told us all matter radiated” light, Dr. Rubin said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 辐射; 发射; 使向周围扩展
vi. 射出; 发散; 发光
adj. 辐射状的; 射出的
时态：radiated, radiating, radiates
分布：辐射(48%)，放射(23%)，散发(17%)，流露(12%)
→rad-,辐射，放射，-ate,动词后缀。引申词义流露自信，容光焕发等。
v.放射,辐射;散布,传播Happiness radiated from her eyes.她的眼中流露出幸福.
【参】radium（n 镭）一种放射性元素
【反】absorb（v 吸收）
verb
PRODUCE HEAT/LIGHT 产生热／光
intransitive or transitive
■to produce heat and/or light, or (of heat or light) to be produced （使热和／或光）辐射，放射，发散
• The planet Jupiter radiates twice as much heat from inside as it receives from the Sun. 木星内部散发出的热量是它吸收太阳热量的两倍。
• A single beam of light radiated from the lighthouse. 一束光从灯塔射出。
['reɪ.di.eɪt] verb
EXPRESS 显露
intransitive or transitive
■to show an emotion or quality, or (of an emotion or quality) to be shown or felt 流露；显示；焕发
• He was radiating joy and happiness. 他显得快乐而又幸福。
• Enthusiasm was radiating from her. 她热情洋溢。
['reɪ.di.eɪt] verb
SPREAD 扩散
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to spread out in all directions from a central point 从中心散开；呈辐射状发出
• Flows of lava radiated out from the volcano's crater. 滚滚熔岩从火山口流向四面八方。
• Just before the breeding season, these birds radiate outwards to warmer climates. 每当繁殖季节即将来临，这些鸟飞向四面八方，迁徙到气候较温暖的地带。
vt. [物] 辐射；传播；流露；发射；广播
 - release, send, broadcast, beam, project
vi. [物] 辐射；流露；发光；从中心向各方伸展
 - shine on, light emission
adj. [物] 辐射状的，有射线的
 - spokewise

Word: whereby
Front: whereby
[weəˈbaɪ] (六雅 8497/3568 -2)
Back: adv. 通过…; 借以; 与…一致
分布：凭借(100%)
US [wer-] adverb conjunction
■by which way or method 由此，从而；藉以
• They've set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period. 他们已经制订了这样一个计划，允许在一段时间内分期付款。
• We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other. 我们需要设计一套办法，人们能够藉以互相保持联络。
■not standard
■in which, or with which 在…的情况下；处于…的位置
• It's put me in a position whereby I can't afford to take a job. 这使我到了一种连工作也做不了的地步。

Word: addict
Front: addict
[ˈædɪkt] (研六托雅宝 6091/10019 -2)
Vocabulary: addict
(once / 737 pages)
vn
If you are a cookie addict, it means you are addicted to cookies. You just can't get enough of them.
Of course there are far more serious forms of addiction out there. The word addict is usually used to refer to someone who is addicted to drugs. Even good things can get you addicted. Work addicts are called workaholics. There are no words for the dangers of being addicted to reading (well, there is "biblioholism"), to the Internet, or to exercise, but those addictions are also real.
WORD FAMILY
addict: addicted, addicting, addiction, addictive, addicts+/addicted: addictedly, unaddicted/ addiction: addictions/addictive: addictively, nonaddictive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Surely now is when we’ll finally get some forward thinking from a league addicted to its past.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s a simple yet addicting game that manages to sneak into the top 10 of 2016.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Methadone clinics draw addicts from around the city.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 有瘾的人; 入迷的人; （吸毒）成瘾者
vt. 使沉溺; 使上瘾; 使自己沾染（某些恶习）
时态：addicted, addicting, addicts
分布：上瘾者(43%)，耽溺者(23%)，沉溺(23%)，使 ... 上瘾(11%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根dict, 说，声称,同dictionary。该词词义众多，此处可能用于祈祷，信奉神灵，着迷。后指上瘾。比较devout, 虔诚的，词源同voice,声音，说话。
上瘾,入迷(ad+dict说→一再说起→对...入迷)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
耽溺,上瘾(ad一再+dict说→说了还说→耽溺)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
v.使沉溺;使上瘾n.上瘾者She became addicted to the drug.她上了毒瘾.
【记】ad一再，dict要求，宣判－一再要求抽大烟－上瘾
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who cannot stop doing or using something, especially something harmful （尤指对有害之物）有瘾的人，入迷的人
• a drug/heroin addict 吸食毒品／海洛因成瘾的人
• a gambling addict 赌博成性的人
• humorous I'm a chocolate/shopping addict. 我是个吃巧克力成瘾的人／购物狂。

Word: bend
Front: bend
[bend] (高研四六托雅宝 2194/2445 -K3)
Vocabulary: bend
(once / 168 pages)
1vn 2n
To bend is to curve. You can bend physically, as when you practice yoga, and also figuratively, the way you do when you "bend over backwards," working hard to make something happen, especially on behalf of another person.
Tree trunks and branches are able to bend when they're whipped by strong wind — this way, they're usually able to avoid breaking. A bend in the road is a curve, and to bend the rules is to change them slightly in a specific instance. If you try to do a backbend, you have to arch or bend your spine and lean back until her head hangs down and your hands touch the floor. It's a move for the young and flexible. The Old English root, bendan, specifically referred to bending or stretching a bow.
WORD FAMILY
bend: bendable, bended, bender, bending, bends, unbend+/bendable: bendability/bender: benders/bending: bendings/unbend: unbendable, unbended, unbending, unbends/unbending: unbendingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m bending over backward, and nobody’s not even doing anything,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
So apparently it is only when his bending over backward results in a broken back does he stray from his false-balance goal.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Without mentioning Clinton, he described the damage done when Democrats were perceived to be bending policy to curry donations from big banks and corporate interests.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）弯曲，屈身; 拉弯; 使成形，强行; 集中全力于
vi. 偏向; 使变曲，成角度; 弯身，弯腰; 专心
n. 弯曲（处）; （尤指道路或河流的）拐弯; 弯道; （潜水员过快浮出水面造成的）减压病
时态：bent, bending, bends
分布：弯曲(74%)，屈服(11%)，弯道(7%)，屈从(6%)，使弯曲(1%)，集中于(1%)
→词源同band, 绑。因制弓箭而具弯的词义。
v.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处I send him the blend calendar and the splendid bent lens he lent to me.我把他借给我的混合日历和绝妙的弯曲透镜送给他.
verb (bent, bent)
CURVE 弯曲
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) curve （使）弯曲
• I bent down and picked up the coins lying on the road. 我弯腰捡起路上的硬币。
• Now, bend forward/over and touch your toes! 现在，向前弯腰触摸脚趾。
• Make sure you bend your knees when you're picking up heavy objects. 提重物时一定要屈膝。
• The road bends to the left after the first set of traffic lights. 过了第一个交通灯号后，道路弯向左侧。
• After her fall she complained that she couldn't bend her leg properly. 她摔了一跤之后，说她的腿不能正常弯曲了。
on bended knee
■in a position in which the knee of one leg is touching the floor 单脚跪地
• He went down on bended knee to ask her to marry him. 他单脚跪地向她求婚。
[bend] verb (bent, bent)
ACCEPT 接受
intransitive
■to unwillingly accept the opinions or decisions of other people 屈服
• The local council was forced to bend to public pressure. 地方政务委员会被迫屈服于公众的压力。
[bend] verb (bent, bent)
bend sb's ear informal
■to talk too much, especially about a problem 对（某人）唠叨诉苦
[bend] verb (bent, bent)
bend the law/rules
■to change the rules in a way that is considered to be not important or not harmful 改变无关重要的规则，变通，通融
• Can't you bend the rules a little? I was only a few minutes late. 你就不能稍微变通一下吗？我只不过迟到了几分钟而已。
[bend] noun
CURVE 弯曲
 IMPROVER countable
■a curved part of something 弯曲处
• There's a bend in the pipe so you can't see from one end to the other. 管子是弯的，所以你无法从一端看到另一端。
• The car came round the bend on the wrong side of the road. 汽车在拐弯时驶错了方向。
[bend] noun
ILLNESS 疾病
the bends [plural]
■a serious medical condition that divers (= swimmers under water) get when they come up to the surface of the sea too quickly 潜函病，减压病
[bend] noun
drive/send sb round the bend UK informal
■to make someone very bored or very angry 使（某人）烦厌（或生气）
• My mother's been driving me round the bend. 我妈妈一直让我感到烦厌。
• Staying at home all day was driving her round the bend. 整天呆在家里，快把她闷疯了。
[bend] noun
round the bend UK informal
■To be/go round the bend is to be/become mentally confused or unable to act in a reasonable way 发疯，神志不清
• If I'd stayed there any longer I'd have gone round the bend. 如果还要我留在那鬼地方，我一定会发疯。
bend, stoop
这组词都有“弯腰，弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
bend: 指人指物皆可，含义广，指任何弯曲的动作。可引申作屈从解。
stoop: 通常用于人，指屈膝降低身体高度或低头弯腰。常引申作屈从或不顾尊严。
curve, crook, twist, bend, bow
这组词都有“弯、弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
curve: 指变成曲线或弧线状的动作或状态。
crook: 指不规则的弯曲，也指按照规则或模型弯曲某物。
twist: 指通过转动、拧或扭使某物成弯曲状。
bend: 普通用词，指把某物变成曲线或角形。用于人时，指头部或身躯弯下。
bow: 指把头部或上身弯向前方的动作，也指社交中的礼节性动作。
vt. 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向
 - wind, curve
vi. 弯曲，转弯；屈服；倾向；专心于
 - tend, affect
n. 弯曲
 - curve, give, winding, inflection

Word: bitterly
Front: bitterly
[ˈbɪtəli] (四 8508/5336 -K)
Back: adv. 伤心地; 愤怒地; 极其，非常
分布：痛苦地(60%)，残酷地(40%)
US ['bɪtˌ.ɚ-] adverb
ANGRY 愤怒地
■in a way which shows strong negative emotion such as anger or disappointment 愤怒地；痛苦地
• She wept bitterly at the news. 她听到这个消息后泣不成声。
• He was bitterly disappointed not to get the job. 他没有得到这份工作，感到非常失望。
UK ['bɪt.ə.li] US ['bɪtˌ.ɚ-] adverb
COLD 寒冷地
bitterly cold
■extremely and unpleasantly cold 极其寒冷的
adv. 苦涩地，悲痛的；残酷地；怨恨地
 - relentlessly, cruelly

Word: boycott
Front: boycott
[ˈbɔɪkɒt] (高研六托雅宝 8514/9191 -2)
Vocabulary: boycott
(once / 1483 pages)
nv
To boycott means to stop buying or using the goods or services of a certain company or country as a protest; the noun boycott is the protest itself.
This noun comes from the name of Charles C. Boycott, an English land agent in 19th century Ireland who refused to reduce rents for his tenant farmers. As a result, the local residents did not want to have any dealings with him. Boycotts are an effective way to use your spending dollars to affect change.
WORD FAMILY
boycott: boycotted, boycotting, boycotts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indra Nooyi, said that company employees were “crying” after Trump’s victory, conservatives called for a boycott.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Martin Luther King, Jr., recounted an experience of it in the early days of the bus boycott in Montgomery, in 1956.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But they were already too popular for other promoters to boycott.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 联合抵制; 抵制（货物等）; 拒绝参加
n. 联合抵制; 联合拒绝购买; 拒绝参加
时态：boycotted, boycotting, boycotts
分布：拒绝参加(100%)
→来自19世纪爱尔兰土地代理Charles Boycott的名字。因在1880年这一庄稼欠收年，拒绝答应佃农降租的请求而激起众怒，并遭到所有人的联合抵制，以致于有钱甚至买不到面包，几近于饿死。
n./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与They're boycotting the supermarket.他们联合抵制那家超市.
【源】源于查理斯?C?博伊考特。他是爱尔兰的房地产经纪人，占有爱尔兰大部分土地。1880年，博伊考特被选为一项政策的试点，此项政策是由一个爱尔兰政治家─查理斯?帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了─没有仆人，工人，得不到商店服务，甚至没人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词。
【记】来自人名"Boycott"，1897英国驻爱尔兰官员，因拒绝降低房租（地租）而被爱尔兰人抵制及驱逐（ostracize）
【反】patronize（v 资助）
US [-kɑ:t] verb transitive
■to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval 拒绝购买（或参加）；抵制，杯葛
• People were urged to boycott the country's products. 人们被鼓动起来杯葛那个国家的产品。
• The union called on its members to boycott the meeting. 工会号召其成员拒绝参加会议。

Word: curiously
Front: curiously
['kjʊərɪəslɪ] (8495/6068 -K)
Back: adv. 好奇地; 奇异地; 奇怪地; 说来古怪
分布：好奇地(75%)，奇异的(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
求知欲强的;好奇的
If you are curious about something, you are interested in it and want to know more about it.
例：Steve was intensely curious about the world I came from...史蒂夫非常想了解我以前生活的那个世界。
例：Children are naturally curious.孩子天生好奇。
ADJ-GRADED
稀奇古怪的;不寻常的;难以理解的
If you describe something as curious, you mean that it is unusual or difficult to understand.
例：There is a curious thing about her writings in this period...她在这期间的著作与以往有所不同。
例：The pageant promises to be a curious mixture of the ancient and modern...游行盛典将会是古老与现代的奇特融合。
adv. 好奇地
 - inquiringly

Word: parallel
Front: parallel
[ˈpærəlel] (高研四六托雅宝 5840/3869 -K2)
Vocabulary: parallel
(once / 227 pages)
1adjnv 2nadjv
In math, parallel means two lines that never intersect––think of an equal sign. Figuratively, parallel means similar, or happening at the same time. A story might describe the parallel lives of three close friends.
Parallel is from Greek parallēlos, from the prefix para- "beside" plus allēlōn "of one another," from allos "other." As a noun, a parallel is a way in which things resemble each other––you might draw parallels between the Vietnam War and the US invasion of Iraq. In specialized use, a parallel can mean one of the imaginary circles on the surface of the Earth that are parallel to the equator––the 49th parallel divides the US and Canada.
WORD FAMILY
parallel: nonparallel, paralleled, paralleling, parallelism, parallelize, parallelled, parallelling, parallels, unparallel+/paralleled: unparalleled / parallelism: parallelisms/parallelize: parallelizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Peter Schweizer, the author of “Clinton Cash,” also recently warned that he sees parallels between the Clinton Foundation and the Trump Organization.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He found that, with varied groups working on such efforts, “often they’re parallel, often they overlap, sometimes they may conflict.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We recently watched the excellent documentary “Minimalism,” which is either the obverse of Hallmark’s conservative messaging or runs parallel to it.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 平行的; 相同的，类似的; [电]并联的; [计]并行的
adv. 平行地，并列地
n. 平行线（面）; 相似物; 类比; 纬线
vt. 使平行; 与…媲美; 与…相比; 与…相似
时态：parallelled, paralleling, parallels
分布：平行的(46%)，类似的(12%)，相同的(11%)，并联的(9%)，对比(5%)，相应(5%)，双杠(5%)，相似物(3%)，相比(3%)，与 ... 平行(1%)
→来自希腊语parallelos,并列，平行，para-,在旁，在周围，-allel,改变，另外的，词源同else,alternate.即在旁边的另外一条，引申词义平行的，并列的。
a.平行的,相同的,类似的n.平行线,类似,对比I prepare to compare the two comparable parallel companies.我准备比较那两个可比较的类似的公司.
【记】para旁边，llel中有三条平行线－平行的
【参】paralyze（v 使瘫痪）使旁边没有知觉
US ['per-] adjective
POSITION 位置
 ADVANCED
■If two or more lines, streets, etc. are parallel, the distance between them is the same all along their length 平行的
• Draw a pair of parallel lines. 画两条平行线。
• Hills Road is parallel to Mill Road. 希尔斯路和米尔路平行。
UK ['pær.ə.lel] US ['per-] adjective
SIMILAR 类似的
■describes an event or situation that happens at the same time as and/or is similar to another one 同时发生的；相同的，类似的
• a parallel example 类似的例子
• Parallel experiments are being conducted in Rome, Paris and London. 类似的实验正在罗马、巴黎和伦敦同时进行。
UK ['pær.ə.lel] US ['per-] noun
SIMILARITY 相似
 ADVANCED countable
■something very similar to something else, or a similarity between two things 可相比拟的事物；相似之处
• I'm trying to see if there are any obvious parallels between the two cases. 我正试图探查这两个案件中有没有明显的相似之处。
• It would be easy to draw (= make) a parallel between the town's history and that of its football club. 将该城的历史与其足球俱乐部的历史作个比较，很容易就会发现两者的相似之处。
have no parallel (also be without parallel)
■If something has no parallel or is without parallel, there is nothing similar to it or of the same high quality as it 无可匹敌
• These beautiful African churches have no parallel in Europe. 欧洲没有哪座教堂能与这些漂亮的非洲教堂相比。
UK ['pær.ə.lel] US ['per-] noun
POSITION 位置
parallel (line)
■a line that is always at the same distance from another line 平行线
■one of a number of imaginary lines around the Earth always at the same distance from the equator 纬线
• Cambridge lies near the 52nd parallel. 剑桥位于52度纬线附近。
in parallel specialized
■If two or more parts of an electrical system are in parallel, they are arranged in a way that means they both receive the same amount of electricity. （电路）并联的
UK ['pær.ə.lel] US ['per-] verb transitive
■to happen at the same time as something else, or be similar or equal to something else 与…同时发生；与…相似；与…相当，比得上
• The events of the last ten days in some ways parallel those before the 1978 election. 过去十天里发生的事件和1978年大选前发生的那些事件，在某些方面颇为相似。
Compare unparalleled
UK ['pær.ə.lel] US ['per-] adverb
■in a position which is always the same distance from something else 平行的
• It's a quiet street running (= positioned) parallel to the main road. 这是一条和大路平行的宁静小路。
parallel, uniform, identical, comparable, like, alike, similar
这组词都有“相似的，类似的”的意思，其区别是：
parallel: 主要指在外表或在性质上相似到有可以相提并论的程度。
uniform: 指在性质、数量、形态或程度等方面相似到很难看出差异的地步。
identical: 语气最强，可指同一个人或物，也可指数个人或物之间完全没有差别。
comparable: 指在某一点或几点上有相似之处，可作有限或粗略的对比，尤指在价值或能力等方面可相提并论。
like: 普通用词，含义广泛，指多个或全部特性都相似，但并非同一个，也可指在某个特殊的偶然相似。
alike: 指事物在性质、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似。普通用词，只作表语。
similar: 强调不同的人或事物之间完全或部分相似，暗示可暂不考虑或无视其差异之处。
n. [天] [数] 平行线；对比
 - contrast
adj. [天] [数] 平行的；类似的，相同的
 - same, uniform

Word: dresser
Front: dresser
[ˈdresə(r)] (8499/12261)
Vocabulary: dresser
(once / 2226 pages)
n
A dresser is a piece of furniture with several drawers that's used for storing clothes or other things. You might have a dresser in your bedroom that's full of sweaters.
In the US, the word dresser almost always refers to a tall, upright type of furniture that's fitted with sliding drawers. You can keep your socks in a dresser, or put a dresser in your kitchen and keep tablecloths and silverware in it. If a person is called a dresser, she either works with theater actors, helping them put their costumes on, or dresses in an unusual or distinctive way: "She's such a colorful dresser!"
WORD FAMILY
dresser: dressers+/ dress: dressed, dresser, dresses, dressing, dressy, overdress, underdress, undress/dressed: ill-dressed/dressing: dressings/ dressy: dressier, dressiest/overdress: overdressed, overdresses, overdressing/underdress: underdressed, underdressing/undress: undressed, undresses, undressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few hours in, Mills chatted with Lindsey Jacobs, his on-set dresser—the person who wrangled the furniture and the props.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In June, Ikea, the world’s largest furniture seller, announced a recall of 29 million chests and dressers in response to the deadly accidents.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He was a dazzling, flamboyant dresser, and this, too, seemed like an outward hint of inner joy.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 化妆台; （剧组的）服装员; 食具柜; 外科手术助手
分布：化妆台(47%)，带镜衣柜(40%)，好打扮的人(13%)
→来自dress, 装饰，服装。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
FURNITURE 家俱 UK a tall piece of furniture with cupboards below and shelves on the top half 碗柜；餐具橱
• a kitchen dresser 橱柜
■US
■a piece of bedroom furniture with drawers, usually with a mirror on top, used especially for keeping clothes in （有抽屉、顶部通常配有镜子的）矮衣柜
UK ['dres.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
■used in phrases which describe the type of clothes that someone wears 穿着…的人，衣着…的人
• She was always a very stylish dresser. 她总是衣着时髦。
• He's a very snappy (= stylish and modern) dresser. 他是个穿着非常时髦的人。
specialized
■a person who works in the theatre or in films, helping the actors to put on their clothes （剧组的）服装员，服装师
n. 梳妆台；碗柜；化妆师；裹伤员
 - cupboard, dressing table

Word: humane
Front: humane
[hju:ˈmeɪn] (托宝 8511/9796 -1)
Vocabulary: humane
(once / 817 pages)
1adj 2adj
A humane person is one who shows great compassion and caring for others, including animals, and who tries whenever possible to alleviate another's suffering.
The idea of being humane is linked to a higher level of a person's character. While the word is derived from the word human, the sad fact is that a person can be human without being humane. Britain's Royal Humane Society, created in 1774 to rescue drowning people, focuses on recognizing acts of human bravery. In the United States, however, the Humane Society works to eliminate cruelty to animals. Still, both focus on kindness and the humane care of others.
WORD FAMILY
humane: humanely, humaneness, humaner, humanest, inhumane +/ inhumane: inhumanely, inhumaneness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deann Shepherd of the Humane Society of Utah says current law already requires shelter, but fails to define what that means.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The prison at Guantanamo Bay should continue to serve as a secure, humane location for holding dangerous terrorists.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
They are the potential recruits of a humane political conservatism.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 仁爱的，慈善的; 高尚的
分布：人道的(68%)，仁慈的(32%)
→来自human的拼写变体，并于18世纪开始产生词义的差别。
有人情的,仁爱的(humane+e→有人情的)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
adjective
■showing kindness, care and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering （尤指对待受苦者）善良的，仁慈的，人道的
• The humane way of dealing with a suffering animal (= the way that causes the least pain) is to kill it quickly. 对待为病痛所折磨的动物，比较人道的办法就是尽快结束它的生命。
Opposite inhumane
adj. 仁慈的，人道的；高尚的
 - magnificent, noble

Word: customary
Front: customary
[ˈkʌstəməri] (研六雅宝 8505/6451 -1)
Vocabulary: customary
(once / 448 pages)
adj
Something customary is done according to practice. When a bride walks down the aisle, it's customary for everyone at the wedding to rise out of respect.
Every culture has its own customary traditions. In American culture it's customary for a child who loses a tooth to put it under her pillow and wait for the Tooth Fairy to arrive. In Greece, on the other hand, it's customary to throw a child's lost tooth onto the roof for good luck. Customary can also reference habitual things a person does, like taking your shoes off when you come home, or writing in your diary before bed.
WORD FAMILY
customary: customarily+/ custom: customary, customise, customize, customs / customize: customized, customizes, customizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He rejects even the customary reliance on an eventful plot.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He will spend Monday doing the customary exit interviews with players.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Bedroom D.J.s without trust funds will struggle to buy one, let alone the customary two.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 习惯的; 通常的; 照惯例的
n. 习惯法; 风俗志
分布：习惯的(70%)，惯例的(30%)
习惯性的[custom=habit,表示"习惯"]
a.习惯的,惯例的It is customary to give people gifts on their birthday.送生日礼物是一种社会风气.
【记】custom（n 风俗；习惯）
US [-mer-] adjective
USUAL
■usual
• She's not her customary cheerful self today. 她今天不像往常那样乐呵呵的。
UK ['kʌs.tə.mər.i] US [-mer-] adjective
TRADITIONAL 传统的
■traditional 传统的
• [+ to infinitive] In my village, it is customary for a girl to take her mother's name. 在我们村，女孩按习俗随母姓。
usual, habitual, regular, conventional, customary
这组词都有“通常的，惯常的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 普通用词，概念广泛。指经常发生或意料中的事，既可指自然发生的现象，也可指按个人习惯或惯例而做的事。
habitual: 指按个人习惯反复发生的事情。侧重经常性、习惯性。
regular: 着重遵守约定俗成的规则。
conventional: 语气强，指遵守已成习惯的事情，强调符合惯例，由人们普遍认可。
customary: 指特定的个人或群体的平常习惯，或习俗性的行为。
adj. 习惯的；通常的
 - usual, used, common, accustomed

Word: minor
Front: minor
[ˈmaɪnə(r)] (研四六 2610/1912 -K3)
Vocabulary: minor
(once / 130 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adjn
Something that's minor is considered of low importance — a minor injury is not very serious, and a college student's minor subject is a secondary field of study. Likewise, the star constellation Ursa Major is a larger grouping than Ursa Minor.
The word minor has retained its spelling from the Latin. There, minor means something "lesser," and is related to the Latin word minuere, which means "to diminish." It is usually used as an adjective, but as a noun it gained the meaning "underage" in the 16th Century, and is now used to refer to children and teens under the age of legal responsibility. It is also used in musical terms to refer to a key that has a flatted third in its scale.
WORD FAMILY
minor: minority, minorly, minors+/ minority: minorities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though rivers along the Gulf Coast were rising rapidly Monday, only minor flooding was predicted.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After bouncing around in the minors for most of his career, Washington rewarded Chorney with a two-year contract extension.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“We’ve experienced only a small number of minor incidents, in numbers less than typical,” Boasberg said in response to questions from The Washington Post.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 较小的，少数的，小…; 未成年的; [乐]小调的，小音阶的; （两同姓男孩中）年幼的
n. 未成年人; 副修科目; 小公司; [逻辑学]小前提
vi. [主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修
分布：未成年人(32%)，次要的(20%)，较小的(17%)，轻微的(16%)，辅修(12%)，辅修科目(3%)
→来自拉丁语minor,较小的，次等的，来自mei,小的，词源同minute,minus.-or,比较级后缀。minor 较小的，较少的，次要的
较小的;较少的(min+or)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
a.较小的,较小的n.兼修学科v.(in)兼修No minors.未成年者免入.
US [-nɚ] adjective
UNIMPORTANT 不重要的
 IMPROVER
■having little importance, influence or effect, especially when compared with other things of the same type 较不重要的；次要的；轻微的
• a minor operation 小手术
• It's only a minor problem. 那只是个小问题。
• There's been an increase in minor offences , such as traffic violations and petty theft. 轻微的违法活动有所增加，如违反交通规则、小偷小摸等。
• She suffered only minor injuries. 她只是受了轻伤。
• It requires a few minor adjustments. 需要作几处小的调整。
• a minor poet of the 16th-century 16世纪一位不太知名的诗人
Compare major
UK ['maɪ.nər] US [-nɚ] adjective
MUSIC 音乐
■belonging or relating to a type of musical scale that generally has a sad sound, typically having a half tone between the second and third and between the fifth and sixth notes, and a whole tone between each of the others 小调的；小音阶的
• The piece is written in a minor key. 这是一首用小调谱写的乐曲。
• Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor. 莫札特的第20号D小调钢琴协奏曲
Compare major
UK ['maɪ.nər] US [-nɚ] noun countable legal
■someone who is too young to have the legal responsibilities of an adult 未成年人
• He was accused of having sex with a minor. 他被指控与一名未成年人发生性关系。
minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
这组词都有“次等”的意思，其区别是：
minor: a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
 • We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.   我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
inferior: a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当"下级"讲时，强调职位的高低；当"次等"讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。
 • Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.   产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
secondary: a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
 • My job is of secondary importance to my health.   我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
subordinate: a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。
 • He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.   她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
minor, negligible, minimal, marginal
这组词都有“不重要的，次要的”的意思，其区别是：
minor: 多指与别的比较后显得不重要，或指较少、较小。
negligible: 指数量小，不重要，微不足道或可忽略不计。
minimal: 指最少、最低或最小。
marginal: 指处于边缘，幅度、范围小，故价值或重要性不大。
adj. 未成年的；次要的；较小的；小调的；二流的
 - secondary, supporting, peripheral, less
n. 未成年人；小调；副修科目
 - infant, pupil

Word: contest
Front: contest
[ˈkɒntest] (研四六雅宝 3062/3919 -K3)
Vocabulary: contest
(once / 177 pages)
nv
A contest is a struggle to determine who's tops –- you might wrestle an alligator in a contest of brute strength versus strategy. You can also enter a contest — a yodeling contest or a cake-decorating contest, depending on your talents.
If you're being sued and you respond to the court order saying "no contest," you're saying you're not going to put up a fight. When you put the accent on the second syllable, contest becomes a verb, and it means to dispute something. You lost the election for class president, but you think there was something fishy going on at the ballot box, so you contest the results and ask for a recount.
WORD FAMILY
contest: contestable, contestation, contested, contestee, contester, contesting, contests+/contestable: contestably, incontestable /contestation: contestations/ contested: uncontested/contestee: contestees/contester: contesters/ incontestable: incontestably/uncontested: uncontestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After graduating from Stanford, in 1950, Joyce won a contest to work in the advertising department at Mademoiselle magazine, in New York.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He also was sentenced to 18 years in prison on state child-sex charges related to the same abuse after pleading no contest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Outside of the inaugural mayoral contests, there will be elections to 34 councils in England.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 竞争，为…而奋争; 辩驳
vi. 争斗; 竞争; 争夺
时态：contested, contesting, contests
分布：比赛(74%)，竞赛(23%)，争取(1%)，奋斗(1%)，驳斥(1%)
→con-, 强调。-test, 见证，词源同attest, detest。字面意思即找人来作证的。
比赛,竞赛(con共同+test→共同测试→比赛)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
n.竞争,竞赛,比赛v.竞争,比赛,争论The pretty priest protested the contest of protein test.漂亮牧师抗议蛋白质化验赛.
【记】con共同，test（v /n 测试；检验）－共同测试－比赛竞争
【参】detest（vt 厌恶；憎恨）
US [ˈkɑːn-]
COMPETITION 竞赛
 IMPROVER
■a competition to do better than other people, usually in which prizes are given 比赛；竞赛
• a dance/sports contest 舞蹈／体育比赛
• She's won a lot of beauty contests. 她多次在选美大赛中获胜。
noun countable UK [ˈkɒn.test] US [ˈkɑːn-]
ATTEMPT 努力
 ADVANCED
■an attempt, usually against difficulties, to win an election or to get power or control （为赢得选举或权力而进行的）争取，争夺
• The contest for deputy leadership of the party is gathering speed. 该党副领袖职务的竞选争夺正在加剧。
verb transitive /kənˈtest/
ARGUE 争论
■If you contest a formal statement, a claim , a judge's decision, or a legal case, you say formally that it is wrong or unfair and try to have it changed 质疑；辩驳；驳斥
• We will certainly contest any claims made against the safety of our products. 我们肯定会驳斥任何批评我们产品安全性的说法。
verb transitive /kənˈtest/
COMPETE 竞争
■to compete for something 竞争；争夺；角逐
• The medal is being keenly contested by eight gymnasts. 八名体操运动员在激烈争夺这枚金牌。
verb transitive /kənˈtest/
ATTEMPT 努力
■to attempt to win an election or to get power or control 争取，争夺（选举胜利或权力）
• She stands a good chance, since only two people are contesting the seat and the other candidate is very unpopular. 她大有希望获胜，因为只有两个人争夺这个位置，而另一个候选人很不得人心。
contend, rival, contest, compete
这组词都有“竞争”的意思，其区别是：
contend: 指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。
rival: 指在两方或多方的竞争或比赛中，谁都想战胜或比得上对手。
contest: 指为争夺土地、阵地、权力或荣誉等而展开的竞争。
compete: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指体育活动等活动中争取优胜的相互竞争，也可指为了自己的利益与他人竞争。
content, contrast, context, contest
content: 内容；
contrast: 对比，差异；
context: 上下文
contest: 比赛，竞赛；
contest, match, competition
这组词都有“比赛，竞争”的意思，其区别是：
contest: 多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞争。其结果，由评判委员会裁决。
match: 通常指体育运动项目的比赛，隐含势均力敌意味。
competition: 多指体育运动中的各项比赛、角逐，也指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛。
vt. 争辩；提出质疑
 - argue against, chop logic
vi. 竞争；争辩
 - cope, rival
n. 竞赛；争夺；争论
 - competition, match, combat

Word: skim
Front: skim
[skɪm] (研四六托雅宝 8515/9925 -1)
Vocabulary: skim
(once / 927 pages)
1vnadj 2vn 3v
To skim is to remove something from the surface of a liquid. Some cooks skim the fat off of the top of their chicken noodle soup, others skim the cream off milk to make skim (or skimmed) milk.
Cream is what you skim off the surface of milk, and if you don't like the whipped version, you might skim it from your hot chocolate. Another way to use the word skim is to mean "read quickly," like when you skim the newspaper, catching just the headlines as you search for the comics section. Skim has an Old French root, escumer, "remove scum," from escume, "scum." The "glance through a book" meaning came later, in the late 1700’s.
WORD FAMILY
skim: skiming, skimmed, skimmer, skimming, skims+/skimmer: skimmers/skimming: skimmings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Skim the fat off the top with a ladle and discard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Fairley was convicted Sept. 12 on three counts of conspiracy and theft for skimming money from a federal housing program.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Fairley was convicted Sept. 12 on three counts of conspiracy and theft in a federal case involving money skimmed from a federal housing program.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: v. 略读; 撇去; 使掠过; （为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）
adj. 脱脂的; 撇去浮沫的
n. 撇; 撇去的东西; 瞒报所得的收入
时态：skimmed, skimming, skims
分布：掠过(37%)，略读(25%)，撇去(22%)，浮沫(6%)，滑过(4%)，脱脂物(4%)，表面凝结(2%)
vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物vi.轻轻掠过A swallow flew west skimming the lake.一只燕子掠过湖面往西飞.
【记】从液体中skim掉液体的skin。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
MOVE ABOVE 在上方移动
   intransitive or transitive
■to move quickly just above a surface without touching it 掠过，擦过（表面）
• The birds skimmed (across/along/over) the tops of the waves. 鸟儿从浪头上飞过。
transitive UK (US skip)
■to throw a flat stone horizontally over water so that it touches and rises off the surface several times 扔（石块）打水漂
• We watched a child skimming stones across the lake. 我们看着一个孩子在湖上打水漂。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
CONSIDER QUICKLY 快速考虑
   intransitive or transitive
■to read or consider something quickly in order to understand the main points, without studying it in detail 浏览，粗略地考虑
• I've only skimmed (through/over) his letter; I haven't read it carefully yet. 我只是大致看了一遍他的来信，还没有细读。
• We've only skimmed the surface of (= considered a small part of) the problem. 我们只是粗浅地讨论了一下这个问题。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
REMOVE 移开
   transitive
■to remove something solid from the surface of a liquid （从液体表面）撇去
• Strain the cooking liquid and skim off the fat. 把熬好的汤过滤，撇去油脂。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
STEAL 偷
   transitive
■to secretly use a piece of equipment that records someone's credit card details when they are paying for something, in order to use their credit card account illegally 盗取（信用卡密码等）（用一种设备暗中纪录某人为某物支付时的信用卡详细细节，以便非法使用他们的信用卡帐户）
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  skim sb/sth off
■to choose the best people or things from a group 挑选
• We've skimmed off the six people who seem to be the most suitable for the job. 我们挑选了六个看起来最适合该项工作的人。
devor, read, scan, skim
这组词都有“读、阅读”的意思，其区别是：
devor: 指贪婪地读，暗含对某些作者或作品迷恋之义。
read: 最普通用词，含义广泛。既指朗读又可指默读。
scan: 指快速扫视文章等以抓住其要旨。
skim: 指略读或浏览。
vt. 略读；撇去…的浮物；从…表面飞掠而过；去除；（为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）
 - conceal, hold back
vi. 浏览；掠过
 - page, brush
adj. 脱脂的；撇去浮沫的；表层的
 - nonfat, defatted

Word: rubber
Front: rubber
[ˈrʌbə(r)] (中高研四六雅 4791/5262 -K2)
Vocabulary: rubber
(once / 503 pages)
1nv 2adj
Rubber is the material that's used to make things like bouncy balls, rain boots, and car tires. Most rubber comes partly from rubber trees.
To make rubber, manufacturers harvest latex from rubber trees by tapping them — the process is similar to collecting sap from maple trees. It's then refined and processed, often with other materials, to make things ranging from conveyer belts in factories to balloons and the gloves doctors wear. When rubber first arrived in Europe in the 1700s, it was made into erasers, and the idea of rubbing out mistakes led to the word rubber being coined.
WORD FAMILY
rubber: rubbered, rubbering, rubberise, rubberize, rubberlike, rubbers, rubbery +/rubberize: rubberized, rubberizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Pipelines and infrastructure projects historically have been rubber stamped across the board,” says Sara Shor, Keep it in the Ground Campaign Manager at 350.org.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
When mowing, wear rubber shoes and wash them and the mower off before moving from a severely infected patch to mow other areas.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The lightweight tree rubber gives the mats a slight slipperiness, which some yogis prefer.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 橡胶; 橡皮; 决胜局; 避孕套
adj. 橡胶制成的
vt. 涂橡胶于; 用橡胶制造
vi. 扭转脖子看; 好奇地引颈而望
时态：rubbered, rubbering, rubbers
分布：橡胶(70%)，橡皮(25%)，橡胶的(3%)，橡胶制品(2%)
→来自 rub,刮，擦，-er,表物。
n.橡皮,橡胶;橡胶制品,胶鞋The bulk of the ruby rubbish on the pebble bubbles when stirred by bulbed rubber club.小卵石上的大部分红宝石废料在用有球状突起的橡胶短棍搅动是会起泡.
【记】源于：rub（v 擦；摩擦）ber：橡皮；橡胶
US [-ɚ] noun
SUBSTANCE 物质
 ADVANCED uncountable
■an elastic substance (= that stretches) made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially 橡胶；合成橡胶
• Tyres are almost always made of rubber. 几乎所有轮胎都是用橡胶制成的。
 ADVANCED countable UK * an eraser
countable US slang for * a condom
rubbers [plural] US old-fashioned for * overshoes
UK ['rʌb.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
GAME 比赛
countable
■a series of three or five games between two teams, especially in card games or cricket 多轮决胜负的比赛（尤指啤牌或板球三局两胜或五局三胜）
• We played a rubber of bridge. 我们进行了一次三局两胜制的桥牌比赛。
UK ['rʌb.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
a rubber check US humorous
■a cheque (= piece of paper from someone's bank that they sign and use for money) that is not worth anything because the person does not have enough money in the bank 空头支票（某人签署的、用于取钱的银行支票，但没有价值，因为这个人的银行帐户上没有足够的钱）
n. [橡胶] 橡胶；橡皮；合成橡胶；按摩师
 - India-rubber, gum

Word: alas
Front: alas
[əˈlæs] (六 8520/7025 -1)
Vocabulary: alas
(once / 169 pages)
adv
Alas is another way to emphatically say “unfortunately.” Perhaps you meant to finish up all your homework last night, but alas, your favorite television show wound up getting your undivided attention instead.
Letting out a breathy alas in the middle of your sentence may sound dramatic or old fashioned, but it's actually an excellent way to emphasize extreme bewilderment, regret, concern, or woe. Once an expression of weariness rather than grief, alas stems from the Latin lassus, meaning “tired, weary.” Exclaimed Lord Byron, the English poet, “Alas! The love of women! It is known to be a lovely and fearful thing!”
WORD FAMILY
alas: alass
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whatever your plan and however bold your intentions, there’s always the danger of a slip-up, alas.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Alas, the wisdom of the bubbe often collapses under rigorous testing.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
But, he added, “the miraculous effects anticipated by some of the new supply side enthusiasts were, alas, without substance.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: int. （表示悲痛、遗憾）哎呀; 唉; 乌呼; 呜呼哀哉
分布：唉(100%)
→感叹词。
[ə'læs] old-fashioned or formal
adverb
■used to express sadness or feeling sorry about something （表示悲伤或遗憾）哎呀，唉
• I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player. 我喜欢足球。唉，可惜我没有当足球运动员的天分。
• "Will you be able to come tomorrow?" "Alas, no." “你明天能来吗？”“唉，不行。”
[ə'læs] old-fashioned or formal
adverb
alas and alack humorous
■an expression of sadness （表示悲痛）呜呼，啊呀
int. 唉（表悲伤、遗憾、恐惧、关切等等）
 - gosh, woe

Word: digit
Front: digit
[ˈdɪdʒɪt] (宝 8519/8875 -1)
Vocabulary: digit
(once / 391 pages)
n
If you want to sound smart, you can refer to your finger, thumb, or toe as a digit. Each of the numbers from 0 to 9 is another kind of digit.
Although your pinkie toe may seem to be completely unrelated to the number three, each is a kind of digit. In fact, the practice of calling numbers digits comes from the digits on your hands — specifically, the habit of counting to ten on your fingers. The Latin root word digitus means "finger or toe," and English borrowed from this to mean "number."
WORD FAMILY
digit: digital, digitise, digitize, digits+/ digital: digitalise, digitalize, digitally/digitalise: digitalisation/digitalize: digitalization, digitalized/digitise: digitisation, digitised, digitiser, digitising/digitize: digitization, digitized, digitizer, digitizes, digitizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
North Carolina twice cut the deficit back to single digits down the stretch but got no closer than seven.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
More notably, 2017 is the smallest whole number whose cube root begins with ten distinct digits:
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
One Facebook broker, Acxiom, requires people to send the last four digits of their social security number to obtain their data.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 数字; 手指，足趾; 一指宽
分布：数字(70%)，位数(20%)，手指(8%)，脚趾(2%)
→来自deik, 指出，说话，词源同dictionary,teach. 用于指手指，后也用于指数数，数字。
【记】读：第几他？他得了第几？要用手指头来表示一下这个数字。
noun countable
NUMBER 数字
■any one of the ten numbers 0 to 9 （零到九中的任一）数字
• The number 345 contains three digits. 数字345是个三位数。
['dɪdʒ.ɪt] noun countable
FINGER 手指 specialized
■a finger, thumb or toe 手指；拇指；脚趾
n. [计] 数字；手指或足趾；一指宽
 - figure, number

Word: mystical
Front: mystical
[ˈmɪstɪkl] (8509/8924 -1)
Vocabulary: mystical
(once / 758 pages)
adj
Things that are mystical are magical or mysterious, possibly having to do with the supernatural or the occult.
If you like to read fantasy stories, then you've probably read about a lot of mystical people and events. The power of a wizard is mystical — that is, magical, and not real. Witches are mystical. The unicorn is a mystical animal. Religions tend to involve mystical events, like miracles. Magicians try to make audiences believe they have mystical powers. Mystical things aren't real, but in a story or magic act, they can be fun to imagine.
WORD FAMILY
mystical: mystically, mysticism +/ mystic: mystical, mystics/ mysticism: mysticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few places are as maddening, as beautiful and mysterious, as mystical.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Thanks to a mystical amulet, Jim discovers a secret, underground troll civilization that he’s now tasked with protecting.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Trump in his own unique, almost mystical way is able to speak a common language that is abrasive and sometimes unattractive but always digestible.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 神秘的，奥秘的; 同mystic; 神奇
分布：神秘的(86%)，神秘主义的(14%)
→来自mystery,神秘。
ADJ-GRADED
神秘的；神秘主义的
Something that is mystical involves spiritual powers and influences that most people do not understand.
例：That was clearly a deep mystical experience.显然，那是内心深处所经历的一次神秘历程。
例：...ancient Egyptian magical and mystical beliefs.古埃及巫术和神秘主义的信仰
adj. 神秘的；神秘主义的
 - arcane, uncanny

Word: metallic
Front: metallic
[məˈtælɪk] (六雅 8513/9709 -1)
Vocabulary: metallic
(once / 1082 pages)
adjn
Metallic things are either made out of metal or look like they are. Your metallic party dress might be covered in sparkly silver sequins. Yowza!
A metallic bicycle might be unpainted chrome — made of metal, in other words. Your metallic nail polish only resembles metal, glinting and shining gold. It's also possible to taste something that reminds you of metal and get a lingering metallic taste in your mouth. Metallic comes from metal, and both are rooted in the Greek metallon, "metal or ore."
WORD FAMILY
metallic: metallic-colored, metallically, metallicly, metallics, nonmetallic+/bimetal: bimetallic/ metal: bimetal, metal-colored, metaled, metaling, metalize, metalled, metallic, metallike, metalling, metallize, metalloid, metally, metals, nonmetal/metalize: metalized/metallize: metallized, metallizing/nonmetal: nonmetals
USAGE EXAMPLES
He heard the distinct sound of a suppressed Mark 12, something between a metallic click and the snap of a whip.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The metallic digits on this lumbering monstrosity are clearly intended to supplant the dexterity and fine motor control found in the human fingertips.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Or we want to cheer ourselves up with rose gold paperclips and metallic finish pencils.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 金属的; 金属性的; 金属制的; 含金属的
分布：金属的(86%)，金属般的(14%)
→来自metal,金属。
adjective
■describes a sound, appearance or taste which is like metal （声音、外形或味道）有金属特性的，像金属的，金属似的
• a dull, metallic sound 低沉的金属声
• Beer from a can often has a metallic taste. 罐装啤酒常有一股金属味道。
• Our new car is metallic blue. 我们新车的颜色是带有金属质感的蓝色。
■specialized
■consisting of, or partly consisting of, metal 含金属的
• Brass is a metallic alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金。
adj. 金属的，含金属的
 - metal bearing

Word: stigma
Front: stigma
[ˈstɪgmə] (宝 8507/11558 -1)
Vocabulary: stigma
(once / 1360 pages)
n
If something has a negative association attached to it, call this a stigma. Bed-wetting can lead to a social stigma for a six year old, while chewing tobacco might have the same effect for a sixty year old.
Stigma, from the Greek word of the same spelling meaning "mark, puncture," came into English through Latin to mean a mark burned into the skin to signify disgrace. It did not take long for stigma to be used figuratively, as it is commonly used today, for the negative stereotype or reputation attached to something such as "the stigma of divorce."
WORD FAMILY
stigma: stigmas, stigmatic, stigmatise, stigmatize +/stigmatic: stigmatically, stigmatics/stigmatise: stigmatisation, stigmatised, stigmatises, stigmatising/ stigmatize: stigmatization, stigmatized, stigmatizes, stigmatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the festival-circuit success of her first feature, the 2009 romantic drama "Everyone Else," Ade felt pressure and a stigma.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Walters wanted to raise awareness about HIV and hosted testing onsite to decrease its stigma.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet she did much to dispel the stigma around mental illness, even cheekily proposing a Bipolar Pride Day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 耻辱，污名; 烙印; （病的）特征; [植] 柱头
分布：耻辱(46%)，柱头(36%)，污名(18%)
→来自拉丁语 stigma,烙印，伤痕，来自希腊语 stigma,烙印，刺痕标记，来自 stizein,作标记， 刺青，来自 steig,刺，词源同 stick,sting.引申词义耻辱标记，耻辱，羞耻等。
污点;不名誉的事[stigm=mark,表示"标志,斑点"]
【记】原指：在罪犯或奴隶身上烙入皮肤的烙印－耻辱stig小棍，ma妈妈：妈妈有坏名声要用小棍打。
【参】stigmatize（v 诬蔑）
【反】mark of esteem（尊敬的标志）
noun
FEELING 感觉
countable usually singular uncountable
■when people disapprove of something, especially when this is unfair 耻辱；（尤指不公正的）恶名
• There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 离婚不再是甚么耻辱的事了。
• Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. 未婚妈妈不再像过去那样在社会上背负恶名了。
['stɪg.mə] noun
FLOWER PART 花的部分
countable
■the top of the central female part of a flower, where pollen is received 柱头
n. [植] 柱头；耻辱；污名；烙印；特征
 - characteristic, brand

Word: deceased
Front: deceased
[dɪˈsi:st] (8522/9817 -1)
Vocabulary: deceased
(once / 644 pages)
nadj
When someone is deceased, they are dead — not dying or even just about to die. They are dead.
The word deceased has been around since the 15th century, however, when people talk of someone's having died, they rarely use deceased in conversation. For example, if you ask someone how their dog is and their dog is recently deceased, they'll most likely use a less technical phrase such as "no longer with us," or "passed away." The word deceased is more formal, and most often used in the documentation of death or in legal situations, as in "we are here to read the will of the deceased."
WORD FAMILY
decease: deceased, deceases, deceasing, decedent, predecease +/ decedent: decedents/ predecease: predeceased, predeceases, predeceasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I sometimes replay childhood conversations with my father, long deceased.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Spokane Police said in a news release that officers responded to the call of two people found deceased Thursday afternoon.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The deceased homeowner, a longtime youth sports coach, in 2009 denied killing anyone.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. <法，正>已故的，已死的
n. 死者
v. 死，死亡(decease的过去式和过去分词)
分布：已故的(93%)，动词decease的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
[dɪ'si:st] formal
adjective
■dead 警方被责令向两名死亡儿童的家人支付巨额赔偿金。
• the recently deceased Member of Parliament 最近去世的议员
[dɪ'si:st] formal
plural noun
the deceased
■a person who has recently died or people who have recently died 新近去世的人；亡故者
• The deceased shot her mother before killing herself. 死者先向她母亲开了枪，然后自杀身亡。
• Five of the deceased were employed by the club. 死者中有五位是该俱乐部的雇员。
adj. 已故的
 - late
n. 死者； [法] 被继承人
 - dead, ancestor

Word: restrictive
Front: restrictive
[rɪˈstrɪktɪv] (托 8527/6224 -1)
Vocabulary: restrictive
(once / 4376 pages)
adj
Restrictive is an adjective that describes something that keeps people within certain boundaries. A household where you aren't allowed to play video-games, watch TV, or eat junk food is restrictive.
If you noticed that restrictive is wrapped around the word strict, you're on to something. Strict comes from the Latin stringere, and you can probably guess what that means, right? Well, not "string," actually, but close: "to bind tight," either with string or rope or whatever does the job. The kids in a restrictive household are kept from doing so many things they might as well be tied up.
WORD FAMILY
restrictive: nonrestrictive, restrictively, restrictiveness, unrestrictive +/ restrict: derestrict, restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictive, restricts/ restricted: restrictedly, unrestricted / restriction: restrictions/ unrestricted: unrestrictedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a result, scientists who study the compound must follow a host of restrictive rules.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In restrictive housing, commonly called solitary confinement, inmates are alone for 23 hours a day.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Unfortunately, though, the city failed miserably in its efforts to place residents in the least restrictive setting with individualized care.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 限制的; 限定的; 约束的
n. 限制性词语
分布：限制的(59%)，限定的(21%)，限定词(10%)，拘束的(10%)
[rɪ'strɪk.tɪv] often disapproving
adjective
■limiting the freedom of someone or preventing something from growing 限制性的；约束性的
• He is self-employed because he finds working for other people too restrictive. 他是个自雇人士，因为他觉得在别人手下工作太不自由。
• The college is not able to expand because of restrictive planning laws. 由于限制性规划法规，这所大学无法扩建。
adj. 限制的；限制性的；约束的
 - limiting, confining

Word: pudding
Front: pudding
[ˈpʊdɪŋ] (四六 8518/5387 -2)
Vocabulary: pudding
(once / 694 pages)
n
Pudding is a sweet, creamy dessert that you eat with a spoon. The song “We Wish You a Merry Christmas” implores someone to “bring us some figgy pudding,” but chocolate or vanilla would be much easier to find.
Most pudding is made with milk, sugar, and flavoring with a thickening agent like cornstarch. Your favorite might be dark chocolate, butterscotch, or rice pudding. These are delicious, smooth, and usually served cold. In Britain, pudding simply means "dessert," but in North America pudding is a specific kind of after-dinner treat. Back in the 1300s, pudding had a different meaning: "a kind of sausage." You can still get that kind of blood pudding in England. If you must.
WORD FAMILY
pudding: puddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
With roast spuds, Yorkshire pudding and stuffing, it is true that Christmas dinner is perhaps not the healthiest meal of the year.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“My mother used to prepare plum pudding a year in advance,” Coe said.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Scott, writing in The Times, called this Richard Curtis comedy “an indigestible Christmas pudding.”
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （一道）甜食，甜点心; 布丁（通常用面粉经烘烤或蒸煮做成的美味甜食品）; 肥胖而迟钝的人; [航]船尾碰垫
分布：布丁(99%)，血肠(1%)
→来自中古英语poding,香肠，来自Proto-Germanic*pud,膨胀，鼓起，来自bu,膨胀，词源同pout.
noun
SWEET FOOD 甜食
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable UK
■a sweet and usually hot dish made with pastry, flour, bread or rice and often fruit 布丁（通常由油酥面团、面粉、面包或米加上水果制成的热甜食）
• a sticky toffee/treacle pudding 黏乎乎的奶油太妃／糖蜜布丁
• Is there any more rice pudding? 还有米布丁吗？
 ADVANCED uncountable US
■a sweet soft food made from milk, sugar, eggs and flavouring which is eaten cold 布丁（由牛奶、糖、鸡蛋和调味料制成的松软的冷甜食）
• chocolate/vanilla/butterscotch pudding 巧克力／香草／牛油糖果布丁
 ADVANCED uncountable (informal pud) UK
■the final part of a meal when a sweet dish is eaten; dessert （一餐中的最后一道菜）甜点
• What's for pudding? 拿甚么作甜点？
• I thought we'd have trifle for pudding. 我想我们用奶油松糕作甜点吧。
['pʊd.ɪŋ] noun
SAVOURY FOOD 美味佳肴
countable or uncountable (informal pud) UK
■a hot savoury dish made with pastry or flour, which contains or is eaten with meat （用肉加面粉做的）布丁，香肠
• steak and kidney pudding 牛排腰子布丁
['pʊd.ɪŋ] noun
be in the pudding club UK old-fashioned
■to be pregnant 怀孕
['pʊd.ɪŋ] noun
over-egg the pudding UK
■to spoil something by trying too hard to improve it 画蛇添足
n. 布丁
 - pud

Word: intuition
Front: intuition
[ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn] (研六托雅宝 8521/7905 -1)
Vocabulary: intuition
(once / 931 pages)
n
If you know the definition of this noun by quick insight without relying on reason, you know what intuition means!
Intuition is a noun whose definition means that someone uses quick understanding to interpret but without using reasoning or perception, a snap judgment. The definition of the word comes from the Latin roots in- meaning "at" or "on" and tueri meaning "look at, watch over." A relative of intuition is tuition, and even though we don't use this particular meaning anymore, it used to refer to having guardianship or custody. If we use our intuition it means that we don't always make the correct interpretation, and in fact, the Australian writer Christina Stead wrote, "Intuition is not infallible; it only seems to be the truth."
WORD FAMILY
intuition: intuitionism, intuitions+/ counterintuitive: counterintuitively/ intuit: intuited, intuiting, intuition, intuitive, intuits/intuitionism: intuitionist/ intuitive: counterintuitive, intuitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finally, after several hours, he stopped; his intuition, aided by the pressure gauges, told him that the cavity was full.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Increasingly, however, research confirms our deepest intuition: Human connection lies at the heart of human well-being.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“He told me that the shooting animations are deliberately not accurate recreations of the real thing. They leave room for player intuition and invention.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 直觉; 凭直觉感知的知识; 直觉力
分布：直觉(99%)，直觉的知识(1%)
→来自intuit,直觉，直觉感知。
n.直觉,直观;凭直觉而知的事物In the suitcase, the guitar tutor found the tuition by intuition.在小提箱里,吉他导师以直觉发现学费.
US [-tu:-] noun countable or uncountable
■(knowledge from) an ability to understand or know something immediately without needing to think about it, learn it or discover it by using reason 直觉；直觉力
• Often there's no clear evidence one way or the other and you just have to base your judgment on intuition. 很多时候，往往没有这样或那样的确凿证据，你只好凭直觉进行判断。
• [+ (that)] I can't explain how I knew - I just had an intuition that you'd been involved in an accident. 我无法解释我是如何知道的，我只是凭直觉感到你卷入了一次意外。
n. [心理] 直觉；直觉力；直觉的知识
 - instinct, sixth sense

Word: Hispanic
Front: Hispanic
[hɪ'spænɪk] (托 3515/24337 -2)
Vocabulary: Hispanic
(once / 2023 pages)
nadj
A Hispanic is someone whose first language is Spanish. Anything Hispanic is related in some way to Spanish-speaking culture.
Hispanic comes from the Latin word for “Spain.” Although Hispanic refers to Spanish speaking people in the Americas, it’s better to be more specific. Hispanic describes someone with a connection to Spain, while Latino narrows it down to people from Latin America. Generally, though, Hispanic refers to someone in the US whose first language is Spanish.
WORD FAMILY
Hispanic: Hispanics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hispanics, mostly Mexicans, perform the labor at factories owned often by first- and second-generation Koreans.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Carabello, who identifies as Hispanic, said her results indicated she was almost one-fifth African.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Justice Department recommended the Pasco Police hire more Hispanics, Spanish speakers and women.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 西班牙的
分布：西班牙的(47%)，西班牙语的(23%)，讲西班牙语的人(15%)，美籍西班牙人(15%)
→来自拉丁语Hispanic,西班牙拉丁名，即Spain.拼写比较history,story.
adjective
■connected with Spain or Spanish-speaking countries, especially those countries in Latin America 西班牙的；（尤指拉丁美洲）西班牙语国家的

Word: grate
Front: grate
[greɪt] (雅宝 8512/10689 -2)
Vocabulary: grate
(once / 109 pages)
1vn 2nv
When you grate something you rip it to shreds, like a pound of solid cheese that you shred for a recipe.
The verb grate entered the English language in the fourteenth century by way of the French word grater, meaning “to scrape.” Using grate in this sense, you might grate your teeth or grate a carrot, meaning rub or pulverize. By the sixteenth century the word had taken on the additional meaning of “sound harshly” and “annoy.” This evolution makes sense if you think about it: If you’ve ever had anything really annoy you — "grate on your nerves" — it can almost seem as if a cheese grater has been applied to your nerves and is slowly ripping them to shreds.
WORD FAMILY
grate: grated, grateful, grater, grates, grating+/ grateful: gratefuler, gratefulest, gratefully, gratefulness, ungrateful /grater: graters/grating: gratingly, gratings/ ungrateful: ungratefulest, ungratefully, ungratefulness/ungratefulness: ungratefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Would the fast-paced writing that initially charmed me now seem grating?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Fire Chief Dan Meehan says the man was working on an old furnace underneath a grate in the floor when he fell in headfirst.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Here she uses stout, along with whole grain mustard, garlic, minced thyme, malt vinegar, grated Parmesan and soy sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 磨碎，压碎; 装格栅
vi. 发出刺耳的摩擦声; 使人烦恼难受
n. 炉格，炉箅; 刺耳的声音
时态：grated, grating, grates
分布：栅(38%)，壁炉(29%)，磨碎(19%)，装格栅于(8%)，磨擦(6%)
→1.炉条，来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, hurdle. 因如编织状经纬结构而得名。
【记】g割，rat老鼠，e：慢慢地割老鼠的脖子－发出吱吱的，刺耳的声音－令人非常气恼
【反】soothe（v 安慰；使平静）
verb
COOKING 烹饪
transitive
■to rub food against a grater (= metal device with sharp holes in it) in order to cut it into a lot of small pieces 磨碎，擦碎（食物）
• grated cheese 磨碎的起司
[greɪt] verb
RUB TOGETHER 摩擦
intransitive
■When two hard objects grate, they rub together, sometimes making a sharp unpleasant sound. 摩擦；发出刺耳的摩擦声
[greɪt] verb
ANNOY 使苦恼
intransitive
■When a noise or behaviour grates, it annoys you 使烦恼；使烦躁；使难受
• After a while her voice really started to grate on me. 过了一会儿，她的聒噪声的确开始让我心烦了。
• It's the way she's always talking about herself - it just grates on me. 她总是喋喋不休地说她自己的事情——简直烦死我了。
[greɪt] noun countable
■a metal structure which holds coal or wood in a fireplace （壁炉上的）金属炉架，炉箅
n. 壁炉；格栅
 - fire place, grizzly screen

Word: referee
Front: referee
[ˌrefəˈri:] (高研六雅宝 8516/4635 -2)
Vocabulary: referee
(once / 1233 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
That guy on the field in black and white stripes? He's a referee, an official in a sport like football or basketball who enforces the rules.
In sports, referees are there to make sure the rules are followed and everyone gets a fair shake. This word works as both a noun and a verb: referees referee games. Off the court, the world is full of everyday referees. A court appointed lawyer who investigates and reports on a case is a referee. And academics who evaluate each other's work are referees. In all cases, referees get to make official calls on what's OK and not OK.
WORD FAMILY
referee: refereed, refereeing, referees+/ refer: referable, referee, reference, refering, referral, referred, referring, refers/ reference: referenced, references, referencing, referential / referral: referrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
"When the players are sprinting it is hard for the referees, I am the first to say that. "But the players were walking.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a poor decision, a referee interfering needlessly, and indeed ruinously in the flow of a match.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
That 'moment' was swiftly ended by the alert refereeing of Bobby Madley.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 裁判员; 证明人; 公断人; （专业性强的文章的）审阅人
vi. 担任裁判
vt. 审阅，鉴定（专业性强的文章）; 为…当裁判; 仲裁判定
时态：refereed, refereeing, referees
分布：裁判(75%)，裁判员(17%)，仲裁(4%)，仲裁人(2%)，证明人(1%)，鉴定人(1%)
→来自 refer,查阅，参考。引申词义裁判。
裁判员(refer+ee表示人→被[双方]提出的人→裁判)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【记】refer（v 参考；提到），ee人：参考意见的人－裁判
【参】reference（n 提及；参考书目）
noun countable
JUDGE 裁判
 IMPROVER
■a person who is in charge of a sports game and who makes certain that the rules are followed 裁判，裁判员
• Liverpool only lost the game because the referee was biased. 利物浦队输掉了比赛就是因为裁判员偏袒对手。
■a person or organization that helps to find a fair answer to a disagreement 仲裁人；调停人
• A senior judge is acting as referee in the pay dispute between the trade union and management. 在工会和资方间的工资纠纷中，一位资深法官在担任仲裁人。
[ˌref.ə'ri:] noun countable
SUPPORTER 支持者 (also reference) UK
■a person who knows you and who is willing to describe and, usually, praise you, in order to support you when you are trying to get a job, etc （通常指给予褒扬的）证明人，介绍人，推荐人
• She gave her college tutor as her referee to the interviewer. 她对面试她的人说，她的介绍人是其大学导师。
[ˌref.ə'ri:] verb intransitive or transitive
■to be a referee in a game 担任（比赛的）裁判
• They had to ask one of the spectators to referee (the match). 他们只可从观众中请出一人来担任（比赛的）裁判。
n. 裁判员；调解人；介绍人
 - judge, pacifier
vt. 为…当裁判；调停
 - go between, reconcile

Word: granddaughter
Front: granddaughter
[ˈgrændɔ:tə(r)] (中高四六 8528/11766 -K1)
Back: n. （外）孙女
分布：孙女(84%)，外孙女(16%)
US [-dɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the daughter of a person's son or daughter （外）孙女

Word: accustomed
Front: accustomed
[əˈkʌstəmd] (高研四六托 8524/6431 -1)
Vocabulary: accustomed
(once / 137 pages)
adj
If you're accustomed to something, you're used to it. Being accustomed has to do with habits and lifestyle.
Anything you're accustomed to is a regular thing for you. A rich person is probably accustomed to fancy clothes, expensive food, and beautiful houses. A football player is accustomed to getting tackled and tackling other people. Office workers get accustomed to filling out forms and fixing the copy machine. We can also say an accustomed thing is a usual, customary thing. When you think of the word accustomed, think "nothing new here."
WORD FAMILY
accustomed: accustomedly, unaccustomed +/ accustom: accustomed, accustoming, accustoms/ unaccustomed: unaccustomedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the past few decades, we’ve grown accustomed to holding corporations responsible for their labor practices and environmental records.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Does that mean your primary objection is no longer to the “chaos, poor behavior and pretty rough playing that the other kids are accustomed to?”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
That is a tall order for Justice Department lawyers who are more accustomed to hunting down bad characters than to setting up offshore charities.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 习惯的; 通常的; 独有的; 适应的
v. 使习惯于(accustom的过去式和过去分词)
分布：通常的(63%)，习惯了的(37%)
a.惯常的;习惯的,适应的(一般作表语)The customers are accustomed to the disgusting custom.顾客们习惯了令人讨厌的风俗.
adjective
■familiar with something 习惯的；适应了的
• She quickly became accustomed to his messy ways. 她很快就习惯了他的邋遢作风。
• I'm not accustomed to being treated like this. 我不习惯别人这样待我。
formal * usual
• She performed the task with her accustomed ease. 她以一贯的轻松自如完成了任务。
adj. 习惯的；通常的；独有的
 - usual, used, particular, common, exclusive

Word: canon
Front: canon
[ˈkænən] (宝 8526/8063 -1)
Vocabulary: canon
(once / 377 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Canon is all about authoritative standards—for literature, sainthood, or behavior. Don't confuse it with cannon with two n's, the big gun that shoots bowling-size balls at the enemy.
College students used to read what was called the "literary canon," until they noticed that they were written by dead white men. Pretzels dipped in Coke may be tasty, but they're not ready to be entered into the canon of two great tastes that go well together: oreos + milk, donut + coffee, apple pie + ice cream.
WORD FAMILY
canon: canonic, canonical, canonise, canonist, canonize, canons+/ canonical: canonically/canonisation: canonisations/canonise: canonisation, canonised, canonises, canonising/canonist: canonists/canonization: canonizations/ canonize: canonization, canonized, canonizes, canonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He owns a slick Canon, a Leica manual rangefinder and, as of Christmas, a Polaroid.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The unit was sold to Canon this year.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
“Last Christmas” is one of the premier entrants in the new Yuletide canon.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 标准，准则; 教规，宗规; （在大教堂任职的）教士; （某作家的）真作，真经
分布：教规(42%)，标准(22%)，准则(18%)，真经(6%)，大教堂教士(4%)，真作(4%)，轮唱曲(4%)
→来自cane, 芦苇，因古时用芦苇杆进行测量，因而引申词义标准，准绳，精品。
【源】原指（基督教的）正典圣经（简称正经）
【记】canon日本佳能公司－生产真品的公司can，on：能上大雅之堂的是真作。
【参】cannon（n 大炮）
【反】apocrypha（n 伪经）
noun
PRIEST 牧师
countable
■a Christian priest with special duties in a cathedral 法政牧师
['kæn.ən] noun
STANDARD 标准
countable usually plural formal or specialized
■a rule, principle or law, especially in the Christian Church 原则；准则；法规；（尤指）基督教教规
['kæn.ən] noun
WRITINGS 作品
countable usually singular specialized
■all the writings or other works known to be by a particular person （某人的）作品全集
• the Shakespearean canon 莎士比亚作品全集

Word: sociologist
Front: sociologist
[ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒɪst] (8529/6741)
Back: n. 社会学家
分布：社会学家(100%)
US [ˌsoʊ.si'ɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■someone who studies or is an expert in sociology 社会学家，社会关系研究者

Word: reckon
Front: reckon
[ˈrekən] (研六托雅宝 8525/2203 -K3)
Vocabulary: reckon
(once / 140 pages)
1v 2v
Reckon means guess, or imagine, and is often used by rural types in Hollywood movies who say things like "I reckon I'll be moseyin' on."
Reckon means guess or think, as in "I reckon he's put his nose where it don't belong one too many times.” If reckon sounds odd, that’s because it's mostly gone out of style. When used to talk about prediction, it's a little more common, as in "Who do you reckon is going to win the Super Bowl?" Still, it sounds a little old-fashioned. Many people use the word just for fun. Saying "I reckon" sounds more humorous than "Yes."
WORD FAMILY
reckon: reckoned, reckoner, reckoning, reckons+/misreckoning: misreckonings/reckoner: reckoners/ reckoning: misreckoning, overreckoning, reckonings, underreckoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are a force to be reckoned with,” said Oliver.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Startups Reckon with Austerity-ish: After two years of seemingly limitless funding for young technology companies, there was a marked retrenchment this year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr Tidwell reckons another 50 million acres is in urgent need of treatment.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 测算，估计; 认为; 计算; 评定，断定
vi. 计算; 估计; 猜想; 料想
时态：reckoned, reckoning, reckons
分布：认为(62%)，估计(26%)，计算(12%)
→来自 Proto-Germanic*rakina,想好的，直接的，来自 reg,拉直，管理，词源同 regulate,right. 引申词义料想，估计。
v.计算,总计,估计,猜想,依赖At the neck of the wrecked deck, the reckoner checked the opaque cheque.在遭破坏的甲板的颈部,计算者检查了这张不透明支票.
【记】读：re看－反复的看－猜想；认为
verb
THINK 认为
 ADVANCED intransitive informal
■to think or believe 想；认为，以为
• I reckon it's going to rain. 我觉得天要下雨了。
• [+ (that)] How much do you reckon (that) it's going to cost? 你认为这会花多少钱？
• "Can you fix my car today?" "I reckon not/so (= probably not/probably)." “你能今天把我的汽车修好吗？”“我想不行／大概可以。”
  Common Learner Errors  reckonRemember: reckon meaning 'think' is only used in informal English. In ordinary or more formal language, don't say 'reckon', say think or believe.
['rek.ən] verb
CONSIDER 思考
transitive
■to consider or have the opinion that something is as stated 认为；把…看作
• I don't reckon much UKto / USof their chances of winning (= I do not think they will win). 我认为他们获胜的希望不大。
• She was widely reckoned (to be) the best actress of her generation. 人们普遍认为她是她那一代最优秀的演员。
['rek.ən] verb
CALCULATE 计算
transitive mainly UK
■to calculate an amount 计算
• Angela quickly reckoned the amount on her fingers. 安吉拉掰着手指头快速计算了一下数量。
• The inflation rate is now reckoned to be 10%. 据计算，现在的通货膨胀率是10%。
['rek.ən] verb
to be reckoned with
■Someone or something to be reckoned with is difficult to deal with because they are strong or powerful 须重视的；须认真处理的
• Since the government limited their powers, the unions are no longer a force to be reckoned with (= they are no longer very strong). 因为政府限制了它们的权力，工会的势力就不再强大了。
['rek.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] reckon sth in
■to include an amount in your calculations 把…计算在内
• When you reckon in all my overtime, my total pay is quite good. 要是把我的加班费也算进去的话，我总的薪水还是不少的。
['rek.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  reckon on sth
■to feel that something is likely to happen and to make plans which depend upon it happening 指望；盼望；依赖
• [+ -ing verb] We're reckoning on having sales of 2000 cars a month. 我们希望每个月的汽车销售量能达到2000辆。
• I'm reckoning on your continued support. 我指望你继续支援呢。
['rek.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] reckon sth up
■to calculate the total amount of something 算出…的总量；合计
• She can reckon up a bill faster than any calculator. 她算帐单的速度比计算机都要快。
['rek.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  reckon with sb/sth informal
■to deal with a difficult or powerful person or thing 处理，解决（棘手的事情）；应付（有权势的人）
• If you harm her, you're going to have the police to reckon with. 你要是伤害了她，就把你送到员警那里去。
['rek.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  reckon without sth UK
■to fail to think about something when you are making plans and therefore not be prepared to deal with it 没有考虑到；对…未加考虑
• We'd expected a 2-hour drive but had reckoned without the rain. 我们原来预计开车两个小时就到了，可没有料到会下雨。
reckon, count, calculate, compute
这组词都有“计算”的意思，其区别是：
reckon: 通常指较简单的数学计算，也可指心算。
count: 指逐一计算而得出总数。
calculate: 通常指要求细致精确和复杂的计算，以解决疑难问题，多用于自然科学、生产部门或要求专门计算的场合。
compute: 一般指已有数据的，较简单但数字长的数学运算。
reckon, think, count, consider, deem, regard, believe
这组词都有“认为”的意思，其区别是：
reckon: 指对人或事作全面“权衡”，把各方面意见考虑进去后得出结论。
think: 普通用词，指按照自己的意见提出看法。
count: 指作出判断后而得出的看法等。
consider: 指经过考虑和观察后得出的结论。
deem: 正式用词，常用于法律、文学，强调作判断而不是思考。
regard: 侧重凭外表或表面现象作判断。多强调观点。
believe: 通常指根据一定的证据，经思考后而认为属实。
vt. 测算，估计；认为；计算
 - expect, feel, find, cast, make
vi. 估计；计算；猜想，料想
 - estimate, believe, imagine, cast

Word: eccentric
Front: eccentric
[ɪkˈsentrɪk] (研六托雅宝 8531/7670 -2)
Vocabulary: eccentric
(once / 558 pages)
1adjn 2adj
You're most likely to encounter the adjective eccentric in a description of an unusual or quirky person — like a scatterbrained aunt who leaves her life savings to her cat.
From the Greek ekkentros, "out of the center," this word originally had to do with the orbits of planets that were observed to be slightly out of whack. Eventually it came to describe people who were a little kooky, both as an adjective and as a noun, too: an eccentric is an unconventional, odd person. Think of them as following a slightly different orbit from the rest of society.
WORD FAMILY
eccentric: eccentrically, eccentricity, eccentricly, eccentrics+/ eccentricity: eccentricities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Razor Girl, full of eccentric characters, mistaken identities, coincidences and farce, follows a similar format.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Williams is famous for her short stories, which are full of strange, witty, fabulous, and often eccentric turns of phrase.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
During the day, she borders on eccentric, painting everything in their house shades of black and white.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的，异常的; 偏离轨道的; 离心的
n. 古怪的人; [物]偏心轮
分布：古怪的(70%)，怪人(21%)，反常的(6%)，不同圆心的(3%)
→ec-, 向外，同ex-. center, 中心。原为天文学术语，远离轨道的，后指人古怪。
a.古怪的,怪癖的,异乎寻常的n.古怪的人The old man has some eccentric habits.这位老人有一些古怪习惯.
【记】ec出，centri中心一出中心一古怪的；离心的
【参】centrifuge（n 离心分离机）；concentrate（v 集中）eccentricity（n 偏心；古怪）
adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的
■strange or unusual, sometimes in a humorous way 怪异的，古怪的；异乎寻常的
• eccentric behaviour 怪异的行为
• eccentric clothes 奇装异服
[ek'sen.trɪk] adjective
NOT CIRCULAR 不圆的 specialized
■not perfectly circular （圆）不同圆心的，不正圆的
[ek'sen.trɪk] noun countable
■someone who behaves in an eccentric way 行为古怪的人
• My mother's a bit of an eccentric. 我妈妈有点古怪。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 古怪的，反常的
 - abnormal, odd, curious
n. 古怪的人
 - fantastic, weirdo

Word: overhear
Front: overhear
[ˌəʊvəˈhɪə(r)] (研六雅 8536/9669 -1)
Vocabulary: overhear
(once / 664 pages)
v
When you accidentally hear part of a private conversation, you overhear it. If you overhear your friends discussing the surprise party they're throwing for your birthday, you'll have to pretend to be surprised.
Some restaurants have tables so close together that it's hard not to overhear what your neighbors are talking about. And so many people walk around talking loudly on their mobile phones that it's common to overhear several conversations (or, at least one half of them) just walking down the sidewalk. This is a modern phenomenon, but overhear is an old word, from the sixteenth century idea of hearing "beyond the normal range of the voice."
WORD FAMILY
overhear: overheard, overhearing, overhears+/ hear: hearable, heard, hearer, hearing, hears, overhear, rehear/hearable: hearably, unhearable/ heard: heardest, heardly, unheard/hearer: hearers/ hearing: hearings, rehearing, unhearing/rehear: reheard/rehearing: rehearings/unhearing: unhearingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They didn’t even say her name,” one inmate angrily says after overhearing the news conference.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
She recounted overhearing Williams say it was “OK to whip a child, just don’t leave any marks,” according to court records.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A surviving flight attendant and a pilot flying nearby also overheard the frantic pleas from the doomed airliner.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 偶然听到; 无意中听到; 偷听
vi. 无意中听到; 偷听到
时态：overheard, overhearing, overhears
分布：偷听(59%)，无意中听到(41%)
→over-,超过，过度，hear,听到。比喻用法。
vt.无意中听到,偷听I overhear that the hearty man heartily yearns for my harness in the barn.我无意中听说那个热忱的人十分向往我的牲口棚中的马具.
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'hɪr] (overheard, overheard)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to hear what other people are saying without intending to and without their knowledge 无意中听到，偶然听到
• I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning. 今天早上我坐公车时，无意中听到一段有趣的谈话。
• [+ obj + -ing verb] He overheard his daughter telling her teddy not to be so naughty. 他碰巧听到女儿对她的毛绒小熊说别那么淘气。
• [+ obj + infinitive without to] We overheard them say that they didn't really like the meal. 我们无意中听到他们说他们其实并不喜欢那些饭菜。
• I'm sorry, I couldn't help overhearing. 很抱歉，我是碰巧听到的。
overhear, monitor, bug
这组词都有“偷听，窃听”的意思，其区别是：
overhear: 多指在别人不注意或不知道的情况下偶然听到谈话的内容。
monitor: 通常指用仪器设备偷听别人的谈话内容。
bug: 指在室内等处安装窃听器以窃听他人的谈话内容。
overhear, hear, listen
这组词都有“听”的意思，其区别是：
overhear: 指偶然听到，无意中听到，也指偷听。
hear: 及物动词，指声音进入耳内，但不含有注意的意味，即，只要听觉正常，声音进入耳内，就能听见。但在祈使句中，hear可指有意识的行为。
listen: 及物动词，指有意识地倾听，强调行为的过程。
vt. 无意中听到；偷听
 - happen to hear, listen in on

Word: reel
Front: reel
[ri:l] (研四六托雅宝 7527/9829 -3)
Vocabulary: reel
(once / 505 pages)
1nv 2vn
A reel is a cylinder that can be wound with flexible material like film or fishing line. If you found dozens of reels of old home movies in your grandparents' attic, you'd search for a projector.
You might find an old movie reel, a reel of copper wire, or a fishing reel. Use the reel on your fishing pole to reel in your fish! Yes, it’s a verb, too. And it’s a lively folk dance — or the music for it — from Scotland (Highland reel), or America (Virginia reel). As a verb, reel also means to sway from dizziness. If an ear infection messes with your balance, you might reel down the hall like you were drunk.
WORD FAMILY
reel: reeled, reeler, reeling, reels, unreel+/reeler: reelers/unreel: unreeled, unreeling, unreels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe by the end of 2017, they will find themselves featuring heavily in a highlight reel like this one:
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Despite reeling from a collective gut punch, women who were opposed to President-elect Donald Trump channeled their sadness and rage into activism and organization.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“A lot of merchants are reeling from these same problems,” he said at his office in Sanaa.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 卷轴; 卷盘; 卷筒; 绕在卷轴上的线（或金属丝、胶卷等）
vt. 卷; 绕
vi. 蹒跚，摇晃; 来回旋转; 眩晕
时态：reeled, reeling, reels
分布：卷(53%)，卷筒(14%)，绕(12%)，旋转(7%)，线轴(6%)，眩晕(4%)，蹒跚(4%)
→来自古英语 hreol,纺轴，纺纱轴，词源不详。可能来自 sker,弯，转，编织，词源同 ring,cradle.
n.卷筒,线轴v.卷,绕My brain reeled at the news.我听到那消息就感到一阵晕眩.
【区】l结尾的象卷轴reed（n 芦苇；芦笛）d结尾读：笛reek（n 烟；v 冒烟；v 用烟熏）k结尾读：咳（嗽）－烟
noun countable
HOLDER 支托物
■a round wheel-shaped object on which sewing thread, fishing wire, film, etc. can be rolled, or the amount of thread, etc. stored on one of these 卷轴；卷筒；卷盘；绕在卷轴上的线
[rɪəl] noun countable
DANCE 舞蹈
■a fast Scottish or Irish dance, or the music for this 里尔舞（一种轻快的苏格兰或爱尔兰舞蹈）；里尔舞曲
[rɪəl] verb intransitive
■to walk, moving from side to side, looking like you are going to fall 踉跄；打趔趄；蹒跚；摇摇晃晃地挪动
• At closing time he reeled out of the pub and fell down on the pavement. 酒吧关门时，他踉踉跄跄走了出来，一跤摔在人行道上。
• She hit him so hard that he reeled backwards. 她出手太重，打得他朝后打了个趔趄。
■If the place where you are reels, what you are looking at seems to go round and round in front of you 仿佛天旋地转
• A stone hit his head and the street reeled before his eyes. 一块石头砸在他头上，他顿时觉得街道在他眼前打旋。
■If you reel, or your mind or brain reels, you feel very confused or shocked and unable to act 发蒙；感到眩晕
• We were reeling (in amazement/shock/delight, etc.) from/with the news that we had won all that money. 得知赢了那么多钱，我们都（惊愕得／震惊得／高兴得）发蒙了。
[rɪəl] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] reel sth in/out
■to pull in a rope or an object on the end of a rope by turning a wheel round and round, or to release something in the same way 绕动卷轴把…收起／放开
• Slowly the fisherman reeled in his line, bringing the fish ashore. 垂钓者慢慢收绕鱼线，把鱼拉到岸上。
• The firemen reeled out the hoses from their fire engine. 消防员从消防车上把水龙带放出来。
[rɪəl] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] reel sth off
LIST informal
■to say a long list of things quickly and without stopping 一口气说出；滔滔不绝地讲
• The old man reeled off the names of his twenty-two grandchildren. 老人一口气说出了他22个孙子孙女的名字。
SPORT US informal
■to win several games or points one after the other in a sports competition （体育比赛中）接连获胜，连连得分
vi. 卷；眩晕；蹒跚地走；退缩
 - roll, swim
vt. 卷；使旋转
 - roll, turn
n. 蹒跚；眩晕；旋转
 - revolution, rotation, rolling, turning

Word: enthusiast
Front: enthusiast
[ɪnˈθju:ziæst] (8539/5709)
Vocabulary: enthusiast
(once / 1155 pages)
n
When you're an enthusiast, you're all jazzed up about a person or cause. A sports enthusiast is someone who is really passionate and excited about sports.
Enthusiast comes from the Greek enthousiastēs, meaning "person inspired by a god." While it doesn't retain those same religious connotations today, an enthusiast is someone who is inspired by a cause or person. A candidate running for office will have a group of enthusiasts working doggedly on his campaign. Often your mother is your biggest enthusiast or supporter. Non-profit organizations are always looking for enthusiasts who can make donations and become patrons of their organization.
WORD FAMILY
enthusiast: enthusiasts+/ enthusiasm: enthusiasms, enthusiast, enthusiastic / enthusiastic: enthusiastically, overenthusiastic, unenthusiastic/overenthusiastic: overenthusiastically/unenthusiastic: unenthusiastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Enthusiasts of garage architecture will also appreciate the perforated walls, like coral, or a cheese grater, of the six-story car park next door.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Conforming to no stereotype — they were health-food enthusiasts and hippie-bashers — they were each, in their way, sympathetic to visual art.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His right hand was gripping the barrel relatively far forward in what looked to some gun enthusiasts like an awkward pose.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 热情者，热心者; 热衷于…的人; 狂热者; 宗教狂
分布：热衷者(53%)，热心人(47%)
热心者(en进入+thus[=theo神]...进入神的状态...热情)[-ast表名词"…人,物"]
US [-'θu:-] noun countable
■a person who is very interested in and involved with a particular subject or activity 热衷于…的人；热心者；爱好者
• a keep-fit enthusiast 热衷健身运动的人
• a model-aircraft enthusiast 飞机模型爱好者
n. 狂热者，热心家
 - Wild Ginger, zealot

Word: delight
Front: delight
[dɪˈlaɪt] (高研四六 4890/3393 -K3)
Vocabulary: delight
(once / 43 pages)
nv
When you like someone, you might say, "She is an absolute delight." You mean you think she's great: a delight is a source of joy, and to delight is to cause pleasure. Babies are particularly good at expressing delight in new things.
Delight is often associated with an initial impression—one says, "She continues to delight us," to suggest that the first impression continues. The word delight derives from the Latin delectare "to charm," which also gives us delectable, and the same lighthearted sense of pure, uncomplicated pleasure.
WORD FAMILY
delight: delighted, delightful, delighting, delights+/ delighted: delightedest, delightedly/ delightful: delightfulest, delightfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her allies were delighted that Trump raised the precedent of Ronald Reagan’s bond with Margaret Thatcher in his first phone call with May.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
To the delight of his fans, at least judging by the comments, his daughters often respond to his goofy antics with down-to-earth eye rolls.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The parade delights spectators along downtown city streets and at home in front of their televisions broadcasting the popular festivity live.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 快乐，高兴; 使人高兴的东西或人
vt. 使高兴，使欣喜
vi. 感到高兴[快乐]
时态：delighted, delighting, delights
分布：高兴(76%)，快乐(24%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-lic, 抓住，诱惑，词源同lace, elicit, delicious. 即诱人的，使愉悦。
n.快乐,高兴v.(使)高兴,(使)欣喜I slightly delight in flight in the sunlight and lightning.我有点喜欢在阳光和闪电中飞行.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(something or someone that gives) great pleasure, satisfaction or happiness 欣喜；满足；惬意
• My sister's little boy is a real delight. 我姐姐的小儿子很讨人喜欢。
• I read your letter with great delight. 我非常愉快地看了你的来信。
• The children squealed in delight when they saw all the presents under the Christmas tree. 孩子们看到圣诞树下的各种礼物时兴奋地叫了起来。
• He seems to take great delight in (= enjoys) teasing his sister. 他似乎觉得逗他妹妹玩很有趣。
the delights of sth
■the pleasures of something …的乐趣
• We're just discovering the delights of being retired. 我们刚刚开始体会到退休后的种种乐趣。
[dɪ'laɪt] verb transitive
■to give someone great pleasure or satisfaction 使高兴；使满足
• Peter's success at college delighted his family. 彼得在学校里的良好表现让全家人感到高兴。
[dɪ'laɪt] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  delight in sth
■to get a lot of pleasure from something, especially something unpleasant 从（尤指不愉快的事）中取乐
• Some people delight in the misfortunes of others. 有些人拿别人的不幸取乐。
• My brother always delights in telling me when I make a mistake. 每当我出错时，弟弟总是幸灾乐祸地给我指出来。
n. 高兴
 - joy, cheerfulness
vi. 高兴
 - pleasure, be pleased
vt. 使高兴
 - glad, pleasure, satisfy

Word: volcanic
Front: volcanic
[vɒlˈkænɪk] (托 8540/7308 -1)
Back: adj. 火山的; 猛烈的; 暴烈的
n. 火山岩
分布：火山的(76%)，猛烈的(24%)
→来自volcano,火山。
ADJ
火山的;由火山引发的
Volcanic means coming from or created by volcanoes.
例：Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions...火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。
例：Mount Unzen has been spewing out volcanic ash, gas, and rock today...云仙山今天一直在向外喷涌火山灰、气体和火山岩。
adj. [岩] [地质] 火山的；猛烈的；易突然发作的
 - fierce, violent, hard
n. [岩] [地质] 火山岩
 - eruptive rock, extrusive rock

Word: gracious
Front: gracious
[ˈgreɪʃəs] (研四六托雅宝 8538/9946 -1)
Vocabulary: gracious
(once / 192 pages)
adj
Gracious means "kind, courteous, and compassionate," like your gracious reply to a rude question like, "So, did you ever learn to hit a softball?"
Gracious descends from the Latin word for good will. A gracious person wants everyone to be comfortable: a gracious host leaves extra blankets and some books on a variety of subjects out for overnight guests to enjoy. Even at a difficult moment, a gracious person remains thoughtful and kind, like the gracious way you treat a waiter who spills a glass of juice on your lap.
WORD FAMILY
gracious: graciousest, graciously, graciousness, ungracious+/ disgrace: disgraced, disgraceful, disgraces, disgracing/disgraceful: disgracefulest, disgracefully, disgracefulness/ grace: disgrace, graced, graceful, graceless, graces, gracing, gracious / graceful: gracefuler, gracefulest, gracefully, gracefulness, ungraceful/gracefulness: gracefulnesses/ graceless: gracelessly, gracelessness/gracelessness: gracelessnesses/graciousness: graciousnesses/ungraceful: ungracefully, ungracefulness/ungracious: ungraciously, ungraciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Saying “I told you so” may be not be gracious, but it never gets old.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
One of the wonderful things about Indonesia is the warm, gracious people.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Brinkley said he found Trump to be “relaxed and utterly gracious” and “as happy to talk about NBA basketball as he was about history.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 亲切的，和蔼的; （对王族及其行为的敬语）仁慈的，谦和的; 雅致的; 有礼貌的
int. （表示惊异）天哪，老天爷
分布：亲切的(42%)，仁慈的(19%)，和蔼的(16%)，高尚的(12%)，优雅的(11%)
→来自grace, 优雅。
文雅的;亲切的(grace+ions)[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
a.亲切的,客气的;宽厚的,仁慈的I feel a trace of disgrace for the gracious man's embracing her bracelet.我对仁慈男子拥抱她的手镯感到一丝耻辱.
adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的
■behaving in a pleasant, polite, calm way 慈祥的；和蔼的；有礼貌的；亲切的
• a gracious smile 亲切的微笑
• He was gracious enough to thank me. 他很有礼貌地向我道谢。
• The losing team were gracious in defeat. 失利的球队豁达地面对失败。
['greɪ.ʃəs] adjective
COMFORTABLE 舒适的
■having the qualities of great comfort, beauty and freedom made possible by being rich 富足安逸的；华美的；富裕闲适的
• We can't afford gracious living. 我们过不起安逸的生活。
['greɪ.ʃəs] exclamation old-fashioned
■used to express surprise or to emphasize what is being said （表示惊讶或用于强调语气）天哪，老天爷，啊呀
• Gracious (me) / Good gracious (me) , I never thought he'd do that! 天哪，我从没想过他会做那种事！
adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的
 - nice, friendly, sweet, delicate, magnificent
int. 天哪；哎呀
 - oh, my, dear, egad

Word: bargain
Front: bargain
[ˈbɑ:gən] (高研四六雅宝 4962/4926 -K3)
Vocabulary: bargain
(once / 249 pages)
1nv 2n
The table you bought at a yard sale for five dollars might seem like a bargain until you get it home and realize it only has three legs. A bargain is a good deal.
Inexpensive items are one type of bargain, and another kind of bargain is an agreement you make with someone — a deal or compromise. Two countries might strike a trade bargain, or you could make a bargain with your friend that you'll drive to the mall if she buys you a giant cinnamon roll. Bargain also means to negotiate the details of a purchase, which makes sense because the root word is bargaignier, French for "haggle over the price."
WORD FAMILY
bargain: bargained, bargainer, bargaining, bargains+/bargainer: bargainers/bargaining: bargainings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Women’s national soccer team finally agrees to new collective bargaining agreement when U.S.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Many cases with strong evidence against capital punishment for a defendant are resolved with plea bargains before ever reaching a jury, he added.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They’re spending so much time looking for something different that they might miss the bargains in front of them.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 契约，协定; 交易; 特价商品; 便宜货
vt. 做交易
vi. 讨价还价; 达成协议
时态：bargained, bargaining, bargains
分布：讨价还价(44%)，交易(34%)，便宜货(14%)，契约(5%)，议价(3%)
→来自拉丁词barca, 驳船，同barge. 指驳船上装载货物进行的一种传统的交易方式。
n.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交In the bar the barber bargained for a jar of jam, then got over the barrier of barrels.在酒巴里理发师为一罐果酱讲了价然后越过桶作的屏障.
【记】bar酒吧，gain得到。想在酒吧获得东西，怎能不侃价，一杯酒好几十，成本才几块，跟他砍！！！
US ['bɑ:r-] noun countable
LOW PRICE 低价
 IMPROVER
■something on sale at a lower price than its true value 便宜货，廉价品
• This coat was half-price - a real bargain. 这件大衣是以半价购买的——真便宜。
• The airline regularly offers last-minute bookings at bargain prices. 航空公司定期提供最后时刻的廉价订票服务。
• The sales had started and the bargain hunters (= people looking for things at a low price) were out in force. 大减价开始了，那些到处搜寻便宜货的人倾巢而出。
UK ['bɑ:.gɪn] US ['bɑ:r-] noun countable
AGREEMENT 协议
■an agreement between two people or groups in which each promises to do something in exchange for something else 协议；交易
• "I'll tidy the kitchen if you clean the car." "OK, it's a bargain." “如果你洗车我就打扫厨房。”“好，就这么说定了！”
• The management and employees eventually struck/made a bargain (= reached an agreement). 劳资双方最终达成了协议。
UK ['bɑ:.gɪn] US ['bɑ:r-] noun countable
into the bargain (US also in the bargain)
■in addition to other facts previously mentioned 此外，而且
• He's intelligent, witty, a loving husband, and an excellent cook into the bargain. 他聪明诙谐，疼爱妻子，而且厨艺也很不错。
UK ['bɑ:.gɪn] US ['bɑ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to try to make someone agree to give you something more favourable for you, such as a better price, or better wages or working conditions 讨价还价（如价格、工资或工作条件等）
• Unions bargain with employers for better rates of pay each year. 为了争取更高薪酬，工会每年都要与资方进行谈判。
UK ['bɑ:.gɪn] US ['bɑ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  bargain sth away
■to exchange something good for something of less value 以高价值物品交换低价值物品
• I realized that by trying to gain security I had bargained away my freedom. 我发觉我为了获得安全保障而轻易地牺牲了自由。
UK ['bɑ:.gɪn] US ['bɑ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  bargain for/on sth
■to expect or be prepared for something 期待；预计到；准备好
• We hadn't bargained on such a long wait. 我们没料到会等这么久。
• The strength of the opposition was rather more than she'd bargained for. 对手的实力远远超出了她的预期。
deal, trade, bargain, commerce, business
这组词都有“贸易，交易”的意思，其区别是：
deal: 口语用词，指买卖双方经过交涉达成协议成交。
trade: 普通用词，含义广。既可指某种具体的商业又可指广泛的贸易。
bargain: 多指买卖双方通过谈判、协商就商品质量、数量、价格等项达成协议所成的生意。
commerce: 多指大规模的买卖或易货关系。
business: 指包括售货、购货、换货在内的综合商业活动，方式可以是批发或零售。
agreement, contract, treaty, convention, bargain, understanding, accord
这些名词均含“协定，协议，契约，合同”之意。
agreement: 普通用词，含义最确定，泛指个人、团体或国家之间取得一致而达成的任何协议、协定或合同、契约等，可以是口头的，也可以是书面的。
contract: 侧重指双方或多方订立的具有法律效力的正式的书面合同或契约。
treaty: 指国家之间经外交谈判后依照国际法签订的正式条约。
convention: 比treaty更专门化，但不及treaty正式。也可指国家之间就有关事情签订的条约。
bargain: 通常指商业交往中的购销合同。
understanding: 指不具约束力的非正式的协议。
accord: 多指国际间的非正式协议。
n. 交易；契约；特价商品
 - trade, special, truck, compact
vi. 讨价还价；成交
 - bar tack, make a deal
vt. 讨价还价；拿…做交易
 - bar tack

Word: dissatisfaction
Front: dissatisfaction
[ˌdɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃn] (六 8530/7755)
Vocabulary: dissatisfaction
(once / 1322 pages)
n
When you're unhappy, disappointed, or or annoyed about something, you feel a sense of dissatisfaction. Your dissatisfaction with your boring French class might inspire you to switch to beginning Mandarin.
An entire country's dissatisfaction with their government can lead to a new administration being voted in, or in the case of extreme dissatisfaction, a revolution. Your dissatisfaction with the pasta dish you ordered might simply make you ask for a hamburger instead. Dissatisfaction adds the dis-, or "lack of," prefix to satisfaction, which originally referred to "an act by a priest to atone for sin," but came to mean "contentment" by the 14th century.
WORD FAMILY
dissatisfaction: dissatisfactions+/dissatisfactory: dissatisfactorily/ dissatisfied: dissatisfiedly/ dissatisfy: dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfies, dissatisfying/ satisfaction: satisfactions, self-satisfaction/ satisfactory: satisfactorily, satisfactoriness, unsatisfactory/satisfiable: unsatisfiable/ satisfied: satisfiedest, satisfiedly, self-satisfied, unsatisfied/satisfier: satisfiers/ satisfy: dissatisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfiable, satisfied, satisfier, satisfies, satisfying/satisfying: satisfyingly, unsatisfying/unsatisfactory: unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactoriness/unsatisfiable: unsatisfiably/unsatisfying: unsatisfyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
An independent investigator hired by the Reno City Council found deep dissatisfaction with Clinger at both the council and staff level.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Executive departures hint of internal dissatisfaction with the new approach.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
It also reflected the president-elect’s dissatisfaction with his options for someone to appear at the White House podium as press secretary for daily briefings.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 不满，不平; 令人不满的事物
分布：不满(100%)
【记】satisfy（v 满足；使满意；说服）
N-VAR
不满;不悦
If you feel dissatisfaction with something, you are not contented or pleased with it.
例：She has already expressed her dissatisfaction with this aspect of the policy...她对政策的这一方面已经表达了不满。
例：Low pay is the main cause of job dissatisfaction among teachers.低薪是教师对工作不满的主要原因。
n. 不满；令人不满的事物
 - grievance, disaffection

Word: charismatic
Front: charismatic
[ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk] (8535/11569 -1)
Vocabulary: charismatic
(once / 6414 pages)
adj
If all kinds of people are attracted to you, you are charismatic. Most great leaders in history have been charismatic, like John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.
People who have powerful personalities that attract and fascinate other people are charismatic. Charismatic people are popular and beloved: they are full of charm and magnetism. Being charismatic is the opposite of being boring or dull. Often, the term is applied to people in politics, or to religious leaders, but there are charismatic people everywhere.
WORD FAMILY
charismatic: charismatically+/ charisma: charismatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He was charismatic and a true American entrepreneur,” Pickens said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Coach Bryant was such a charismatic figure, the guy who walked into a room and everyone quit talking,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
With Jet’s charismatic founder now sweating such details, Walmart’s attempt to catch up to Amazon should gather pace in 2017.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有魅力的; 神赐能力的; 神授
分布：有魅力的(100%)
有魅力的(charisma非凡的能力)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
有魅力的(charisma个人魅力)[-tic表形容词,通常放在一个名词前,"与…相关的,...的"]
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
CHARACTER 个性的
■describes a person who has charisma 充满个人魅力的
• Few were able to resist this charismatic and persuasive leader. 没有几个人能抗拒这位领袖的雄辩及魅力。
UK [ˌkær.ɪz'mæt.ɪk] US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
CHURCH 教堂的
■belonging or relating to various groups within the Christian Church who believe that God gives people special powers, such as the ability to make others well again and to speak to him in a special language （基督教派）蒙受神恩的，有特恩的
• the charismatic movement 神恩运动

Word: thread
Front: thread
[θred] (中高研四六托宝 4714/5022 -K2)
Vocabulary: thread
(once / 213 pages)
1nv 2n
Thread is a length of twisted fibers (usually three strands together), made from cotton, silk, or other material, that can be used in sewing, quilting, embroidery, and other handicrafts.
The noun thread can also be used figuratively to refer to different parts of something, like thoughts or a conversation, that are connected as if joined by thread. If you were distracted by a crash in the kitchen, you might lose the thread of your conversation. Thread can also refer to the raised ridge on the outside of a screw or bolt, and you can use thread as a verb when you mean to string or to pass a thread through a needle.
WORD FAMILY
thread: threaded, threader, threading, threadlike, threads, thready+/threader: threaders
USAGE EXAMPLES
It may be impossible to draw a single thread through every performance to neatly cinch together a great actress’s legacy.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fashion tech startup Thread is trying to solve the problem of styling at scale.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
To view a live game thread, visit here.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 线; 线索; 线状物; 螺纹
vt. 穿成串; 将（针、线等）穿过…; 用…线缝; 给…装入（胶片、狭带、绳子）
时态：threaded, threading, threads
分布：线(80%)，螺纹(9%)，穿过(5%)，线索(3%)，思路(1%)，细丝(1%)，穿线于(1%)
→来自古英语 thraed,线，绳索，来自 Proto-Germanic*threduz,纺线，编线，来自 tere,弯， 转，编织，词源同 turn,throw.引申词义线索，脉络等。
n.线,细丝;线索,思路;螺纹v.穿线,穿过The reader already readily spread the thread on the ready-made bread.那位读者已经欣然将丝线铺散在现成的面包上.
noun
FIBRE 纤维
countable or uncountable
■(a length of) a very thin fibre 线
• needle and thread 针线
• loose threads 松的线
countable
■a long thin line of something such as light or smoke （光、烟等）线状物，线状体
• A thin thread of light made its way through the curtains. 一缕光线透过帘子射进来。
[θred] noun
CONNECTION 关连
countable
■The thread of a book, discussion, speech, etc. is its story or the way that it develops, one part connecting with another 思路；贯穿的主线
• One of the main threads of the film is the development of the relationship between the boy and his uncle. 电影的其中一条主线是男孩和他叔叔之间的关系发展。
• Unfortunately my attention wandered for a moment and I lost the thread of (= forgot) what I was saying. 遗憾的是我一时失神，忘了刚才在说甚么。
countable
■a connected group of pieces of writing on the Internet, where people are talking about a particular subject 帖子（网际网路上一组相关的文章，全都围绕人们谈论的一个特定主题）
• I was so pleased to find this thread, and to know that lots of people have the same problem as me! 我很高兴看到这个帖子，发现很多人和我一样都有这个问题！
[θred] noun
SCREW 螺钉
countable
■a continuous raised line, such as the one which goes around the outside of a screw or bolt or the inside of a hole 螺纹
[θred] verb transitive
■to put something long and thin such as string or thread through a narrow hole or into a small space 穿线于；使穿过
• to thread a needle 穿针
• The sari had gold strands threaded through the material. 这件莎丽的布料间穿上了金线。
[θred] verb transitive
thread your way through/between, etc.
■to move carefully through a crowded space, changing direction in order to avoid people or things （避开障碍）穿过，通过（拥挤地带）
• She threaded her way through the crowded market place. 她穿过人群拥挤的市场。
rope, wire, thread, string, line, cord
这组词都有“线”的意思，其区别是：
rope: 指用于捆绑大物件的粗壮而坚固的绳子，一般用绵、毛、麻、金属或其它材料制成。
wire: 专指用金属制成的线。
thread: 普通用词，指用棉、毛、丝或纤维等纹成的很细的线，通常用于缝纫、纺织等。
string: 普通用词，指捆绑小件物品的细绳或细带子。
line: 普通用词，含义广泛，指任何一种线，常作引申用。
cord: 指比string粗，比rope细，较牢固，通常用于捆扎较小物品的线或绳。用作引申当约束讲。
n. [纺] 线； [机] 螺纹；思路；衣服；线状物；玻璃纤维；路线
 - string, clothes, array, line, route
vt. 穿过；穿线于；使交织
 - move through, go across
vi. 通过；穿透过
 - get through sth, get across

Word: damaged
Front: damaged
['dæmɪdʒd] (8542/7570)
Vocabulary: damaged
(once / 600 pages)
adj
Something that's damaged is harmed or ruined. Wrap your dishes in newspaper and place them neatly in a box so they aren't damaged during a move.
Damaged comes from the French dommage meaning "loss caused by injury." A politician who loses popularity after making uncouth remarks during a speech has damaged his reputation. Like a shattered mirror damaged during a fall, the harm done is irreparable, or beyond repair.
WORD FAMILY
damaged: undamaged+/ damage: damaged, damages, damaging/damaging: damagingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
At Abuja airport, a South African Airways plane was damaged on landing in August.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
While police investigate what led to the crash, which damaged the front of Elements Massage, Kim said the fire department will conduct an internal investigation.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Missouri officials say more than 7,000 structures were damaged.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 被损坏的
v. 损害，毁坏，加害于( damage的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：被损坏的(84%)，动词damage的过去式和过去分词.(16%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■harmed or spoilt 受损的，受害的；遭破坏的
• They're selling off damaged goods at reduced prices. 他们正在削价处理受损商品。
• Both the cars involved in the accident looked badly damaged. 事故双方的车辆看来都遭到了严重损坏。
adj. 被损坏的
 - blackened
v. 损害（damage的过去式和过去分词）
 - impaired

Word: entertainer
Front: entertainer
[ˌentəˈteɪnə(r)] (托 8547/14517 -K1)
Vocabulary: entertainer
(once / 2769 pages)
n
An entertainer is a person whose job or goal is to perform for the amusement of others. If you're an entertainer, you might learn how to tap dance and take singing lessons.
If you make your living as a comedian, you're an entertainer. You're also an entertainer if you're a dancer, singer, actor, or puppeteer. In all of these cases, your job is to entertain an audience. You can also call the member of your family who's always trying to make everyone laugh an entertainer. The word comes from the verb entertain, which originally meant "to keep up or maintain," and came to also mean "amuse" in the early 17th century.
WORD FAMILY
entertainer: entertainers+/ entertain: entertained, entertainer, entertaining, entertainment, entertains/ entertaining: entertainingly/ entertainment: entertainments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Entertainer declined to comment, while Disney, Smyths Toys and Toys R Us failed to respond.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
After a year that saw the deaths of a seemingly endless parade of entertainers, Sydney will honor some of the most beloved.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Feedback: The company changed the ads after a number of celebrities and entertainers criticized the ads, complaining they bashed creative fields.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 表演者，演艺人员; 款待者
分布：演艺人员(60%)，款待者(31%)，表演娱乐节目的人(9%)
→来自entertain, 招待，维持，娱乐。
US [-tˌɚ'teɪ.nɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone whose job is to entertain people by singing, telling jokes, etc. （以唱歌、讲笑话等娱悦大众的）表演者，艺人
n. 演艺人员，表演者
 - player, showman

Word: refrigerate
Front: refrigerate
[rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪt] (托 8533/24362 -1)
Vocabulary: refrigerate
(once / 1608 pages)
v
To refrigerate something is to preserve it by keeping it cool. A gallon of milk might last a week if you refrigerate it, but it will be spoiled after a day or so if you leave it on the kitchen counter.
At home, you refrigerate things all the time by keeping them in your refrigerator. If there's no refrigerator available, people can refrigerate things by storing them in coolers or outside in the cold months of the year. A recipe for cookies might instruct you to refrigerate them for an hour before baking them — all you have to do is put the baking sheet in the fridge. Refrigerate shares a Latin root with frigid.
WORD FAMILY
refrigerate: refrigerated, refrigerates, refrigerating, refrigeration, refrigerator +/refrigeration: refrigerations/ refrigerator: refrigerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“All these refrigerated containers, and meanwhile people are waiting in food lines each week just to buy a single chicken,” Arteaga said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For best results, allow the lasagna to cool completely and refrigerate overnight.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“All these refrigerated containers, and meanwhile people are waiting in food lines each week just to buy a single chicken,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 冷藏; 冷冻
时态：refrigerated, refrigerating, refrigerates
分布：使冷冻(50%)，使冷藏(50%)
→re-,再，重新，-frig,冷的，冰冻的，词源同 frigid,fridge.
使冷,冷冻(re再+friger+ate→再次冷→冷冻)[frig,friger=cold,表示"冷"]
US [-ɚ.eɪt] verb transitive
■to make or keep something, especially food or drink, cold so that it stays fresh, usually in a fridge （通常指在冰箱中）冷藏，冷冻，保鲜（尤指食物饮料）
• Fresh orange juice should be refrigerated after opening and drunk within three days. 新鲜橘子汁开瓶后应冷藏，并应在三天内喝完。
vt. 冷藏，冷冻；使冷却；使清凉
 - chill

Word: transparency
Front: transparency
[trænsˈpærənsi] (8532/11856 -1)
Vocabulary: transparency
(once / 1877 pages)
1n 2n
The condition of being clear or transparent is transparency. The transparency of your car's windshield might be affected by how badly your car needs to be washed.
Something has transparency if you can see through it, like the ice on the top of a frozen lake or a glass. Transparency can also refer to a figurative kind of clearness or openness, which is what people mean when they talk about "government transparency." If you can see clearly, without anything being hidden, what you're looking at (or through) has transparency. Its root is the Latin word transparentem, which means "see light through."
WORD FAMILY
transparency: transparencies+/semitransparent: semitransparency/ transparent: semitransparent, transparence, transparency, transparently, transparentness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In general, it’s our hope the new board sets policies from the start that promote public engagement and transparency in county government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her campaign, responding with the transparency, openness and candor for which it is famous, initially downplays the incident, saying that Clinton felt “overheated.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s just more transparency, full disclosure, let the parent become involved in the decision-making.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 透明; 透明度; 透明性; 透明的东西
分布：透明度(96%)，幻灯片(4%)
透明度[par,pear=comeinsight,表示"看见"]
US [-'sper-] noun
uncountable
■the characteristic of being easy to see through 透明性，透明
• The old-fashioned type of plastic lacked transparency. 旧式塑胶透明性不好。
countable specialized
■a photograph or picture printed on plastic which you can see on a screen by shining a light through it 幻灯片；透明正片
n. [化学] 透明， [核] 透明度；幻灯片；有图案的玻璃
 - clarity, lucency

Word: gold
Front: gold
[gəʊld] (中高研四雅 1256/1278 -K4)
Vocabulary: gold
(once / 40 pages)
nadj
Gold is a relatively soft, shiny precious metal. Many kinds of jewelry, including necklaces, bangles, and wedding rings are traditionally made of gold.
The element itself is called gold, and it's used to make valuable jewels, coins, and as a standard for currency trading. You can also use the word to describe the color, a shiny metallic deep yellow, or to describe things made from the metal: "Check out my new gold earrings!" Gold is an Old English word that shares a Proto-Indo-European root with the word "yellow:" ghel-, which means "yellow or green," and possibly "bright."
WORD FAMILY
gold: gold-colored, golder, goldest, goldly, golds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gold XAU= was sluggish, with the precious metal sliding about 0.1 percent to $1,150.82, after a flat start to the year on Monday.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area — although the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Frenchman won Olympic gold in the downhill at the 1960 winter games in Squaw Valley, California.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 金，黄金; 金色; 金币; 金饰品
adj. 金（制）的，含金的; 金色的; 金本位的
分布：金牌(43%)，金子(22%)，金币(18%)，金色的(9%)，金黄色(6%)，金制的(2%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, glisten.
n.金,黄金;金币;金黄色a.金的,金制的The bold folk fold up the gold and hold it in hand.大胆的人们将黄金折叠起来拿在手里.
US [goʊld] noun
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■a valuable, shiny, yellow metal used to make coins and jewellery 金，金子，黄金
• gold jewellery/bullion 金首饰／金条
• a gold watch/necklace 金表／金项链
countable (also gold medal)
■a small disc of gold which is given to the person who wins a competition, especially in a sport （尤指体育竞赛中授予的）金牌，金质奖章
• He's running so well, surely he'll take the gold. 他跑得很出色，肯定能拿金牌
UK [gəʊld] US [goʊld] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■made of gold, or the colour of gold 金质的或金色
• a gold dome 金色圆顶
• gold paint 金色漆
UK [gəʊld] US [goʊld] adjective
go gold
■If a recording of a popular song, or of a collection of popular songs, goes gold, it sells a large number of copies. （唱片）畅销，热销
gold, golden
gold: 指真金制品, a gold ring
golden: 指金色的,但金鱼用gold fish
n. [化学] 金， [材] 黄金；金色；金币
 - aurum, zar
adj. 金的，金制的；金色的
 - auric, aurous

Word: continuum
Front: continuum
[kənˈtɪnjuəm] (托 8541/10538 -1)
Vocabulary: continuum
(once / 255 pages)
n
A continuum is something that keeps on going, changing slowly over time, like the continuum of the four seasons.
In addition to meaning "a whole made up of many parts," continuum, pronounced "kon-TIN-yoo-um," can describe a range that is always present. For example, in a high school, at any time, there are students who are learning algebra, then advancing to geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Just as the ninth graders master their particular math, they move on to the next one, as new ninth graders enter the school and the seniors graduate.
WORD FAMILY
continuum: continua, continuous +/ continuity: continuities/ continuous: continuity, continuously, continuousness, discontinuous, noncontinuous/discontinuity: discontinuities/discontinuous: discontinuity, discontinuously
USAGE EXAMPLES
A news release from his office says the projects stem from the Continuum of Care program.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Human evolution is a work in progress, and diets likely varied along a continuum in both time and space.”
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Department of Housing and Urban Development awarded the Continuum of Care grants to support more than 40 homeless assistance projects.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. [数]连续统; [经]连续统一体; 闭联集; [物]连续区
分布：连续(81%)，连续统(16%)，闭连集(3%)
→来自continue, 持续，连续。
[kən'tɪn.ju.əm] (plural continua or continuums) specialized
noun countable
■something that changes in character gradually or in very slight stages without any clear dividing points 连续体；渐变体；逐渐演变的事物
• It's not 'left-wing or right-wing' - political opinion is a long continuum. 这不是“左翼或右翼”的问题——政治观点是长期形成逐渐演变的。

Word: resolve
Front: resolve
[rɪˈzɒlv] (研四六托雅 2242/2174 -K3)
Vocabulary: resolve
(once / 52 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
To resolve is to settle or make a decision about something — often formal. A college's board of directors might resolve to recruit more minority students. As a noun, resolve refers to a strong determination to do something.
If you make a New Year's resolution to exercise every day, you'll need plenty of resolve to stick with your program. The verb descends from Middle English resolven "to dissolve," from Latin resolvere "to untie." In English, the obsolete sense of "to dissolve" can be seen in this line from Shakespeare: "O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, thaw, and resolve itself into a dew."
WORD FAMILY
resolve: resolution, resolvable, resolved, resolvent, resolves, resolving+/irresolution: irresolutions/ resolution: irresolution, resolutions/resolvable: unresolvable/resolved: resolvedly, unresolved /resolvent: resolvents/resolving: resolvings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was more a story of resilience, of surviving a nightmarish third quarter and finding some kind of resolve in the closing minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
See a doctor if your symptoms don’t resolve or if they cause discomfort or emotional distress.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Resolving the contradictions within the government’s various positions, and preventing backbench revolts destroying its slim parliamentary majority, will be all-consuming.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 决定; 决心
vt. 使消释; 使分解，使解体; （指委员会或集会）表决; 消退（炎症等）
vi. 下决定; 分解
n. 决意，决定; （会议等的）决议
时态：resolved, resolving, resolves
分布：解决(68%)，决心(18%)，决定(7%)，分解(4%)，坚决(2%)，表决(1%)
→来自拉丁语 resolvere,分开，松开，解开，来自 re-,向后，往回，solvere,松开，词源同 solve,loose. 引申词义解决，决议，决心等。
解决(困难)(re再+solve→再松开→解决)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
v.决心;(使)分解,溶解;决议n.解决;决心It's resolved by resolution that the solution will be used to solve the involved problem.决议决定用这个办法解决那个复杂的问题.
【记】solve作为词根有“溶解”和“解决”两个意思。
【反】vacillate（v 犹豫不定）－resolve firmly（果断地决定）
US [-'zɑ:lv] verb
SOLVE 解决
 IMPROVER transitive
■to solve or end a problem or difficulty 解决；解除；消除
• Have you resolved the problem of transport yet? 你们解决交通问题了吗？
• The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. 这对夫妻消除了他们之间的分歧，尽力融洽相处。
UK [rɪ'zɒlv] US [-'zɑ:lv] verb
DECIDE 决定
intransitive formal
■to make a decision formally or with determination 决定；决心；决意
• [+ that] She resolved that she would never speak to him again. 她决心再也不理他。
• [+ adv/prep] After hours of argument, they resolved against taking legal action. 经过几个小时的争论，他们决定不提起诉讼。
• [+ to infinitive] The company resolved to take no further action against the thieves. 公司决定不再继续追究这些窃贼。
⇒ See also resolute
UK [rɪ'zɒlv] US [-'zɑ:lv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  resolve sth into sth specialized
■to separate something into different and definite parts 把…分解为…；把…解析为…
• [R] There was a blur of sound, which slowly resolved it self into different words. 开始时是一阵模糊的声音，慢慢就可以分辨出不同的词来。
UK [rɪ'zɒlv] US [-'zɑ:lv] noun uncountable formal
■strong determination 决心；坚定的信念
• to weaken/strengthen/test someone's resolve 削弱／增强／考验某人的决心
resolve, determination, resolution, decision
这组词都有“决定、决心”的意思，其区别是：
resolve: 语气较强，强调克服感情上的软弱，下决心干具体的一件事。
determination: 侧重坚定不移的顽强意志力。
resolution: 指自觉地正式表示的决心，含极强的主观能动意味。
decision: 既可指重大的或一般的决定或决心，又可指在多种情况下作出果断的抉择，毫不犹豫地采取行动。
solve, resolve, answer
solve: 解决，解答。如：He solved all the problems in the exam.(他解出了所有试题。)solve的名词为solution，一般同to搭配。如：a solution to the problem
resolve: 表“解决”，“解答”是个正式用词。如：Have you resolved the problem yet?(你把问题解决了吗？)resolve还有“决定”，“下决心”等意思。
answer: 表“回答”，后面的宾语应是questions。
decide, resolve, determine, settle
这组词都有“决定”的意思，其区别是：
decide: 侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。
resolve: 语气较强，强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事，暗含有远大抱负和坚强决心。
determine: 指经过深思熟虑，决心去做某事并坚持施行。
settle: 指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。
vt. 决定；溶解；使…分解；决心要做…
 - solve, condition, conclude
vi. 解决；决心；分解
 - settle, work out, figure out
n. 坚决；决定要做的事
 - determinateness

Word: zoning
Front: zoning
[ˈzəʊnɪŋ] (8548/24972)
Back: n. （城市规划中分成工厂区、住宅区等的）分区制; 成区; 分带
【记】zon＝zone（n 地域），ing：分区制
US ['zoʊ-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the act of deciding, or the decision that has been taken about, what particular use an area should have 分区；分区规划
• zoning laws 城市区划法

Word: nebula
Front: nebula
[ˈnebjələ] (托 8201/29269)
Vocabulary: nebula
(once / 1973 pages)
n
A nebula is a massive cloud of gas and dust in outer space. A nebula is sometimes the birthplace of stars, such as the Orion Nebula where new stars — a youthful million years old — are still forming.
Another example of a nebula is the Crab Nebula — the glowing result of a supernova, noted by Chinese astronomers in 1054 CE. It spans about 10 light-years in length. In biology, a nebula may be a cloudy formation in the eye, or a cloudiness of urine. It also refers to a medicinal preparation put in a nebulizer. When you are talking about more than one nebula (which is probably not that often for the average person), say nebulae.
WORD FAMILY
nebula: nebulae, nebular, nebulas, nebulous +/ nebulous: nebulously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Edwin Hubble leveraged Leavitt’s law on the behavior of variable stars to gauge distances to certain nebulae.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The movie is an adaptation of "Story of Your Life," the Nebula Award-winning novella by author Ted Chiang.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Night fell and pointillist nebulae of moths—thousands of them—appeared in the red, yellow, and blue stage lights above the performers.
The New Yorker(Sep 03, 2016)
Back: n. 星云; 星云状的星系
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语nebula,云，雾，蒸气，来自nebh,云，词源同Neptune.
星云状的[nebul=cloud(云)]
(plural nebulae or nebulas) specialized
noun countable
■a cloud of gas or dust in space, appearing either bright or dark 星云

Word: quake
Front: quake
[kweɪk] (高 8561/23257 -1)
Vocabulary: quake
(once / 999 pages)
vn
When you quake, you tremble and shiver. A scary sound in a dark basement might make you quake.
To quake is to move rapidly back and forth, so quickly that the movement is almost a vibration. If you've ever felt the floor quake during an actual earthquake, you know the fluttery, shaking kind of movement. A person can quake with fear, and a building can quake during a wind storm. You can also use the word quake as a noun, to describe the feeling itself. The Old English root is cwacian, or "tremble or clatter of teeth."
WORD FAMILY
quake: quaked, quaker, quakes, quaking
USAGE EXAMPLES
No injuries or damage were reported Sunday following what seismologists call a “swarm” of quakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was followed a few seconds later by a magnitude 3.2 quake.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In November, a magnitude 5.0 quake hit Cushing, where huge oil reserves are stored.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 发抖，颤抖; 摇动，震动
n. 震动，摇动; 〈口〉地震; 战栗
时态：quaked, quaking, quakes
分布：地震(93%)，震动(4%)，颤抖(3%)
→可能来自qu-所表示的拟声词，模仿松软，颤动或颤抖的声音，词源同quaver,quiver.
verb intransitive
■to shake because you are very frightened or find something very funny, or to feel or show great fear 颤抖，哆嗦
• Every time I get on a plane, I quake with fear. 我每次上飞机都吓得浑身发抖。
• Charlie stood outside the head teacher's office, quaking in his boots/shoes (= feeling very frightened). 查理站在校长办公室门外，吓得直发抖。
• The play was so funny, we were all quaking with laughter. 这出电影太有趣了，逗得我们捧腹大笑。
[kweɪk] noun countable informal for
■ earthquake
vi. 震动；颤抖
 - shake up
n. 地震；颤抖
 - earthquake, temblor

Word: guided
Front: guided
[ˈgaɪdɪd] (8550/9636)
Back: v. 引路( guide的过去式和过去分词 ); 指导; 操纵; 影响
分布：有指导的(67%)，动词guide的过去式和过去分词形式.(33%)
v. 指导（guide的过去分词）
 - monitored, coached

Word: exhaust
Front: exhaust
[ɪgˈzɔ:st] (研四六托雅宝 4734/4940 -3)
Vocabulary: exhaust
(once / 132 pages)
1v 2v 3nv
The noun exhaust refers to what comes out of your car's tailpipe. It consists of the burned gases and particulate matter that are created by the engine. As a verb, the word exhaust means to use something up, such as a food supply or your energy.
The exhaust system in your car is the part that takes the waste created by the car in the form of gas or smoke and expels it through the tailpipe. The noun exhaust appeared in the 19th century, after the invention of the engine. Before that, the word, as a verb, referred only to depleting something, such as a natural resource. Miners deplete a mineral deposit and exhaust the resource.
WORD FAMILY
exhaust: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustion, exhaustive, exhausts+/ exhausted: exhaustedly, unexhausted/ exhausting: exhaustingly/ exhaustion: exhaustions/ exhaustive: exhaustively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was exhausting because I walked,” recalled the mother, from Lesotho, where almost 23% of the population live with the virus.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Wartford, hamstrung by injuries, looked exhausted and contributed to its own downfall with poor defending.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s exhausting, but it’s the best kind of exhausting,” Belue said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 用尽，耗尽; 使精疲力尽; 排出; 彻底探讨
vi. 排气
n. （排出的）废气; 排出; 排气装置
时态：exhausted, exhausting, exhausts
分布：废气(62%)，耗尽(22%)，排气装置(10%)，使筋疲力尽(4%)，详尽论述(2%)
→ex-, 向外。-haust, 排出。
用尽;抽干(ex出+haust→抽干→抽出)[haust=drawwater,表示"抽水"]
v.使筋疲力尽,耗尽;抽完n.排气装置;废气The exhausted man and the trustful guy thrust a knife into the rusty crust.精疲力竭的男子和深信不疑的家伙将一把刀子刺向生锈的外壳.
【记】ex出，haust拉－拉出－耗尽
【参】exhaustion（n 耗尽；筋疲力尽；详尽无遗的论述）
US [-'zɑ:st] verb transitive
TIRE 疲倦
 ADVANCED
■to make someone extremely tired 使筋疲力竭；使疲惫不堪
• The long journey exhausted the children. 长途旅行后，孩子们疲惫不堪。
• I've exhausted myself with all that cleaning. 打扫完，我累得筋疲力尽。
UK [ɪg'zɔ:st] US [-'zɑ:st] verb transitive
USE 用
■to use something completely 用完；花光；耗尽
• How long will it be before the world's fuel supplies are exhausted? 再过多长时间地球上的燃料就耗尽了？
• I'm afraid he's exhausted my patience. 恐怕我对他已经失去耐性了。
• We seem to have exhausted this topic of conversation (= we have nothing new to say about it). 这个话题我们好像已经没有甚么好谈的了。
UK [ɪg'zɔ:st] US [-'zɑ:st] noun uncountable
■the waste gas from an engine, especially a car's, or the pipe the gas flows through （引擎排出的）废气；（尤指汽车的）尾气；排气管
• Car exhaust is the main reason for the city's pollution. 汽车排出的废气是造成城市污染的主要原因。
vt. 排出；耗尽；使精疲力尽；彻底探讨
 - issue, drain out
vi. 排气
 - air out
n. 排气；废气；排气装置
 - air discharge, flue gas

Word: diversify
Front: diversify
[daɪˈvɜ:sɪfaɪ] (六托 8552/9746 -2)
Vocabulary: diversify
(once / 1191 pages)
v
Diversify means to vary in type. It's often used to discuss risk in financial activities. You might diversify your investments by spreading your wealth among different types of stocks.
You may have noticed that diversify looks like the word diverse, an adjective that describes showing variety and difference. If you want to diversify your interests, that means you want to mix it up and do more than just play Dungeons and Dragons all the time — you might become active in sports, theater, and the math club. Diversify can also describe expanding into new areas. A company might diversify by sending its sales force into Asia and Latin America.
WORD FAMILY
diversify: diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversifying+/ diversification: diversifications/ diversified: undiversified
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bagleys bought their first 15 elk in the late 1990s, seeking to diversify their beef and dairy business.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
One way that antique stores continue to thrive is by diversifying their products, Stewart said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Try to diversify not only the subject matter you read, but the ideology of the publishers and the identities of the writers.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 使多样化，多样化; 进入新的商业领域
时态：diversified, diversifying, diversifies
分布：多样化(85%)，使多样化(6%)，使不同(5%)，使变化(4%)
→来自diverse, 多样的。
多样化(di分开+vers+ify)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [dɪ'vɝ:-] verb
intransitive
■to become more varied or different 多样化；差异化
• Millions of years ago, changes in the Earth's climate caused animal and plant life to diversify. 数百万年前，地球气候的变化导致了动植物的多样化。
intransitive or transitive
■If a business diversifies, it starts making new products or offering new services （使）多元化经营，（使）从事多种经营
• Many wheat farmers have begun to diversify into other forms of agriculture. 很多麦农已经开始采用其他农业种植模式。
vt. 使多样化，使变化；增加产品种类以扩大
 - vary, variegate

Word: athletics
Front: athletics
[æθˈletɪks] (高宝 8574/9290 -2)
Vocabulary: athletics
(once / 2085 pages)
n
Use the noun athletics to talk about sports, including team practice, games, and training. A serious baseball player might choose a college based on its athletics program.
In Britain, the word athletics specifically refers to track and field competitions, such as long-distance running, high jump, and javelin. In the US, you can use the word to talk about any kind of sporty activity. The noun athletics comes from the adjective athletic, based on the model of gymnastics. The Greek root is athletes, "prizefighter" or "contestant in the games."
WORD FAMILY
athletic: athletically, athleticism, athletics +/ athlete: athletes, athletic
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s been good for them to grow up around athletics,” Tollett said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Kurt Svoboda, an athletics department spokesman, suggested that was an important caveat.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
The outreach program will offer educational opportunities, athletics such as football, basketball and Fears’ favorite, boxing.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 体育运动; 田径运动; 竞技; 体育（课）
分布：田径(63%)，体育运动(37%)
运动学(athlet运动+ics)[-ics表名词、,"学科,学术"]
US [-'letˌ-] UK (US track and field)
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the general name for a particular group of competitive sports, including running, jumping and throwing 田径运动
• an athletics team/club/meeting 田径队／俱乐部／运动会　
athletics, sport, game
这组词都有“体育运动”的意思，其区别是：
athletics: 集合名词，常指需要体力与技术的sports与games，特指跳高、跑等竞技项目。
sport: 含义比athletics广泛，指各种形式的体育运动，尤指户外的如游泳、钓鱼、划船、登山等运动。
game: 主要指决定胜负的游戏、比赛，通常有一定的规则，参加者必须遵守，如蓝球、足球等。也作“运动会”解。

Word: overthrow
Front: overthrow
[ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ] (研六雅宝 8555/8785 -2)
Vocabulary: overthrow
(once / 390 pages)
1vn 2n
When you overthrow a ruler or a regime, you throw them out, usually by force. If you're a rebel you may plan to overthrow the current government and install a new regime.
You can also use overthrow as a noun. You might plot to overthrow the parking ticket authority so that you won't have to pay your tickets. There are also more literal uses of the word. In baseball, football, and other games that involve throwing a ball, you overthrow when you throw the ball past the person you're aiming for. You can say "the pitcher overthrew the ball to the first baseman," or "the pitcher overthrew the first baseman."
WORD FAMILY
overthrow: overthrew, overthrowing, overthrown, overthrows+/ throw: overthrow, threw, throwed, thrower, throwing, throws/thrower: throwers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Romo, completed three of four passes for 29 yards, overthrew Terrance Williams on a deep pass on his first play.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The right defended the status quo; the left agitated to overthrow or at least ameliorate it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A failed military attempt to overthrow the government in May added to the turmoil.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 打倒，推翻; 使屈服，征服; 使瓦解; 撞倒
n. 推翻，打倒; 打翻; 倾倒; [棒]投得过高的球
时态：overthrew, overthrown, overthrowing, overthrows
分布：推翻(70%)，打倒(15%)，颠覆(12%)，瓦解(3%)
→over-,超过，过度，throw,扔。比喻用法。
推翻(over+throw扔→扔翻了→推翻)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
v./n.推翻,颠覆The overthrown president is overwhelmed by the controversy.被推翻的总统被辩论降服.
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'θroʊ] transitive
■to remove someone from power, using force; to defeat （用武力）推翻，打倒；打败
• He said that Allende's government in Chile was overthrown by the army and the CIA in 1973. 他说智利的阿连德政府是被军队和中央情报局于1973年推翻的。
verb (overthrew, overthrown)
THROW 扔 UK ['əʊ.və.θrəʊ] US ['oʊ.vɚ.θroʊ] UK [ˌ--'-] intransitive or transitive US
■to throw a ball past the person or object you intended to throw to 投（球）过猛；投球超过（接手或目标）；扔得比…远
• Joe Montana overthrew (the pass). 乔‧蒙塔纳传球过猛。
noun UK [ˈəʊ.və.ɵrəʊ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.ɵroʊ]
DEFEAT 打败
countable usually singular
■when someone or something is removed from power using force （用武力）推翻，打倒；打败
• the overthrow of the monarchy 君主制的推翻
noun UK [ˈəʊ.və.ɵrəʊ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞.ɵroʊ]
THROW 扔
countable usually singular
■when a ball is thrown too far 投球过猛；（球被）扔太远
countable
■a score in cricket made when the ball is thrown past the person it was intended to be thrown to 投（球）过猛；投球超过（接手或目标）；扔得比…远
undergo, overcome, overthrow, withhold
undergo: 经受、经历、遭受
overcome: 克服、战胜；
overthrow: 推翻、颠覆；
withhold: 压住、制住、抑制；
defeat, beat, overcome, conquer, subdue, overthrow
这组词都有“征服，战胜”的意思，其区别是：
defeat: 普通用词，多指在战争、比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手，侧重胜利的暂时性。
beat: 口笔语均可用，可与defeat换用。
overcome: 多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难和不良习惯等。语气较弱也可指在斗争或竞争中战胜或压倒对方。
conquer: 侧重战胜和控制。书面用词。
subdue: 正式用词，与conquer同义，但强调失败后的臣服状态；也可用作借喻，表克制、压抑感情、欲望等。
overthrow: 指彻底击败对手，使其丧失力量和地位。
n. 推翻；倾覆；瓦解
 - capsizal, disintegration
vt. 推翻；打倒；倾覆
 - floor, fell

Word: muffin
Front: muffin
[ˈmʌfɪn] (8567/25069 -1)
Vocabulary: muffin
(once / 3494 pages)
n
A muffin is a small baked good made from batter. Don't kid yourself: the only real difference between a slice of cake and a muffin is the shape.
Muffins are single-serving quick breads, which rise with the help of baking soda or baking powder and eggs instead of yeast. They tend to be sweet and somewhat moist, but heavier than a cake or cupcake. Muffins are baked in a pan with cup-sized indentations. The word was originally moofin, which may come from the Low German muffe, "small cake," or the Old French moflet, "soft or tender."
WORD FAMILY
muffin: muffins
USAGE EXAMPLES
Critics and audiences praised Mortensen’s performance and “Captain Fantastic,” but this crap-tastic film is the cinematic equivalent of a bran muffin.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
At 9 a.m., over muffins, Kiffin launched into the presentation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Some batter drips onto the muffin tin, and she giggles.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （涂牛油趁热吃的）英格兰松饼，（常含小块水果等）杯状小松糕; 玛芬
分布：松饼(100%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
BREAD 面包 UK (US English muffin)
■a small round flat type of bread, usually sliced in two and eaten hot with butter （英式）小松饼（通常加奶油趁热吃）
['mʌf.ɪn] noun countable
CAKE 蛋糕
■a small sweet cake that often has fruit inside it 松糕（常含水果）
• blueberry muffins 蓝莓松糕

Word: doctorate
Front: doctorate
[ˈdɒktərət] (研 8557/15346 -1)
Vocabulary: doctorate
(once / 8359 pages)
n
A doctorate is an advanced university degree. Another name for a doctorate is a PhD. If you stick in school long enough, you just might end up with a doctorate (and a whole lot of debt).
Many years of specialized study can result in a doctorate, which qualifies the graduate to teach at a college or university. To be awarded a doctorate, a student has to complete a dissertation or thesis, a huge research project that focuses on her area of study. Someone who has a doctorate is known as a "Doctor of Philosophy," and the word itself comes from the Medieval Latin root doctoratus, or "made a doctor."
WORD FAMILY
doctorate: doctorates+/ doctor: doctoral, doctored, doctorial, doctoring, doctors/doctoral: doctorally, doctorate, postdoctoral/doctorial: doctorially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Following a master’s at Cornell in 1951, she completed a doctorate at Georgetown University in 1954, where she studied the motion of galaxies.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He was awarded a master’s degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1950 and a doctorate from Columbia in 1961.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He later entered graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley, to study cosmic ray particles and earned his doctorate in 1950.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 博士学位; 博士头衔
分布：博士学位(100%)
→来自doctor, 博士。
博士学位(doctor博士)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
US ['dɑ:k.tɚ-] noun countable
■the highest degree (= qualification) from a university 博士学位
• She has a doctorate in physics from Norwich. 她获得了诺里奇大学的物理学博士学位元。
n. 博士学位；博士头衔
 - doctoral degree

Word: fort
Front: fort
[fɔ:t] (六托雅宝 7497/7202 -2)
Vocabulary: fort
(once / 74 pages)
nv
A fort is a place that's made strong and secure enough to be defended during a war. Although it’s usually a military word, you can also make a fort with chairs and a blanket to defend against annoying little siblings.
A fort can also be called a fortress or a fortification, although typically a fortress describes a larger structure or a series of structures, while a fort is usually only one. All of these words come from the Latin word fortis for "strong, mighty, or brave.” Traditionally, forts have been strongly defended, with thick stone walls and other elements protecting them from invaders. Today in the US, some forts are simply military bases. Others are simply in the living room.
WORD FAMILY
fort: forted, fortify, forting, forts+/fortification: fortifications/ fortify: fortification, fortified, fortifies, fortifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then the crisis at Fort Sumter escalated, threatening to engulf the nation.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Officers say 27-year-old Carrington Carter II of Fort Washington died at a hospital after being found with a gunshot wound.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He eventually would do his basic training at Fort Chaffee.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 堡垒，要塞; <美>边界贸易站
v. 设要塞保卫
分布：堡垒(61%)，要塞(39%)
→来自拉丁语fortis, 坚固的，坚强的，来自bhergh, 高的，坚固的，词源同borough, hamburg,bourgeois.
要塞,堡垒[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
【记】ford（n 浅滩v 徒水）后到达fort
【区】fortress（n 比较大的凹形堡垒）－女城堡fortress like（adj 像堡垒一样安全的）
US [fɔ:rt] noun countable
■a military building consisting of an area surrounded by a strong wall, in which soldiers live and which is designed to be defended from attack 堡垒，城堡；要塞
• The remains of the Roman fort are well preserved. 这个罗马要塞的遗址保存完好。
n. 堡垒； [军] 要塞；（美）边界贸易站
 - tower, bastion

Word: drawback
Front: drawback
[ˈdrɔ:bæk] (高研六托雅 8563/7710 -1)
Back: n. 缺点，劣势; 退税
分布：缺点(70%)，退税(13%)，弊(7%)，不利条件(7%)，退款(3%)
→即拉回来，引申义缺点。
障碍,缺点(draw+duck→[把人]拉回来→缺点)[draw=pull,表示"拉"]
n.欠缺,缺点;退还的关税The man tackling the drawback of the brackets runs a slack snack business.那个解决支架缺点的人经营着萧条的小吃生意.
US ['drɑ:-] noun countable
■a disadvantage or the negative part of a situation 缺点，弱点；不利因素
• One of the drawbacks of living with someone is having to share a bathroom. 和别人合住的缺点之一就是不得不合用洗手间。
n. 缺点，不利条件；退税
 - defect, deficiency, disadvantage, vice, fault

Word: dazzling
Front: dazzling
[ˈdæzlɪŋ] (托 8568/8690 -1)
Vocabulary: dazzling
(once / 612 pages)
adj
Things that are dazzling seem stunning and extraordinary — they impress you enormously. A dazzling circus act amazes you with its daring and skill.
There are two ways for something to be dazzling: first, to overwhelm you with its beauty or ability. The second way is more literal — something that's blazing with light, like a summer sunrise or headlights shining into your car as you drive at night, is also dazzling. The summer sunlight on the ocean might be dazzling in both senses of the word, blinding you a little and also impressing you.
WORD FAMILY
dazzling: dazzlingest, dazzlingly+/ dazzle: dazzled, dazzles, dazzling
USAGE EXAMPLES
That opened up more opportunities for Gill against Illinois, including on several pick-and-roll situations that ended in dazzling finishes.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s described as “a multi-sensory display of live music, dazzling light show and pyrotechnics” in Copley Square.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In lesser hands, that might add up to a distracting collage, but in Min’s and Day’s, the result is both dazzling and cohesive.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 耀眼的，光彩夺目的; 灿烂的
v. （使）眼花(dazzle的ing形式)
分布：耀眼的(58%)，令人眼花缭乱的(40%)，动词dazzle的现在分词.(2%)
adjective
■A dazzling light is so bright that you cannot see for a short time after looking at it （光线）刺眼的，耀眼的，眩目的
• a dazzling white light 一道刺眼的白光
■extremely attractive or exciting 光彩夺目的，靓丽的；令人眼花缭乱的
• dazzling good looks 灿烂的容貌
• a dazzling smile 灿烂的微笑
• a dazzling performance/display 精彩的表演／展示
adj. 耀眼的；眼花缭乱的
 - glaring, sparkly

Word: freight
Front: freight
[freɪt] (研四六托雅宝 8566/5761 -2)
Vocabulary: freight
(once / 484 pages)
nv
Like many nouns that can mean an action as well as an actual thing, freight refers to either the sending of goods or the goods themselves. It can also mean the charge for sending goods. You pay freight for the freight of your freight.
Freight can also be used as a verb. If you freight a train with goods, you load it up with items to be shipped, and if you freight your furniture to your new home in another state, you send it there. Use freight like this only if you are sending your things a long distance. If you your new apartment is only across town, you would say that you're moving your things to your new place.
WORD FAMILY
freight: freightage, freighted, freighter, freighting, freights+/freightage: freightages/freighter: freighters
USAGE EXAMPLES
She started her own company as a freight broker.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Or consider, for example, the small passenger and freight airline called Warbelow’s Air, based here in Fairbanks in east-central Alaska.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Even the nickname for the role, Guardian Angel, was freighted with a presumption of unerring perfection and righteous power.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 货运，货物; 运费; 船运货物; 货运列车
vt. 运输; 装货于
时态：freighted, freighting, freights
分布：货运(59%)，货物(34%)，运送(6%)，装货于(1%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*fra-aigan, *fra, 整个的，*aigan, 拥有，所有，词源同own.即所有物，装上船的，发货的。其原义仅指水运或船运，后词义通用化。
n.货物,货运,运费My neighbor knows the height and weight of the highjacked freight.我邻居知道被劫持货船的高度和重量.
noun uncountable
■goods, but not passengers, that are carried from one place to another, by ship, aircraft, train or truck, or the system of transporting these goods 货物；货运
• The ship carries both freight and passengers. 这艘船既载货又载客。
• a freight company 货运公司
• Will the goods be sent by air or sea freight? 这些货物要空运还是海运？
• freight trains 货运列车
• US The escaped prisoner made his getaway in a freight car/wagon on a train. 逃犯躲在火车的载货车厢里逃脱了。
■the money paid for transporting goods 运费
[freɪt] verb transitive
■to send goods by air, sea or train 运送（货物）
• Grapes from this region are freighted all over the world. 这个地区生产的葡萄被运到世界各地。
[freɪt] adverb
■transported as part of a large group of things, by ship, aircraft, train or truck 货物；货运
• It would be much cheaper to send the goods freight. 把货物集中发运会便宜得多。
commodity, merchandise, ware, freight, goods
这组词都有“商品，货物”的意思，其区别是：
commodity: 作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。
merchandise: 正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。
ware: 指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。
freight: 指“货物”时，可与goods互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。
goods: 一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。
vt. 运送；装货；使充满
 - ship, transit, forward
n. 货运； [交] 运费； [水运] 船货
 - charges, carriage

Word: stink
Front: stink
[stɪŋk] (8551/10268 -1)
Vocabulary: stink
(once / 1663 pages)
vn
When things stink, they smell terrible. If you throw food scraps in your kitchen trash can, it will eventually start to stink.
You can say that something stinks — your dog's breath, or your brother's feet — and you can call the offensive odor itself a stink. Figuratively, something can stink even if it doesn't literally smell bad: "I'm sorry, but that movie you recommended really stinks. It's awful." The Old English root is stincan, "emit a smell of any kind, or exhale."
WORD COUNT
A Delicately Deodorized Word Bouquet
There's no nice way to put it: as we reach the peak of temperature and humidity levels in much of the northern hemisphere, we all too often find ourselves confronted by things — and yes, people — who smell. And even if we'd like to turn up our nose, for once let's take a giant whiff. Or at least an etymological one.
Words for things that are smelly often have interesting histories, because they are related to taboo subjects. And like those subjects themselves, their power and force emanates from — or, one might even say, is redolent of — their uncivilized nature.
We don't like to talk about it. In American English, using the verb smell without an object, as in "What smells?" is an accusation, implying that something really powerful and unpleasant, something we would rather not dignify by naming, is perfuming the air. (The answer to the question "What smells?" is almost never "Roses.") A similar elision occurs in American English when the verb drink occurs without an object — the dreaded alcohol can only be assumed. An insistence that "I don't drink" is not a protestation that one doesn't imbibe liquids in general or that one takes them intravenously, it is a culturally acceptable expression of one's status as a teetotaler.
Even though we often do know perfectly well what we are smelling, when we do decide to name it, we'll more likely softshoe it with something like funky, rather than naming the odor point blank. And although it may depress you if you are surrounded by funky smells all the time, the two uses of the word funk, "depression" and "bad smell," are not etymologically related. The latter is from dialectical French funkiere, "to smoke." The sense here is that someone has blown smoke on you and you have been "stifle[d] with offensive vapor." And in spite of the modern coolness surrounding funk musicians, there's nothing modern about funk as in skunk. It dates all the way back to the 17th century.
Funk is not the only old word for a bad smell that comes from the idea of smoke; in the peeyoo-smoke category we also find reek. Although primarily used in present-day English as a verb to mean "to have or emit a foul odor," the noun originally meant "smoke from burning material." Although exactly where reek comes from is uncertain, it is probably from a Scandinavian source like Old Norse reykr; this Old Norse root, as a verb reykja "to smoke" provides the name of Iceland's capital Reykjavik (-vik means "bay"). So yes, Reykjavik is the "reeking bay" city, but to locals, this concept connotes wonderfully smoky Icelandic hot springs, not sulphuric eruptions or even just that hotel room that wasn't as smoke free as the hotelier had promised.
Was it ever possible to tell your sweetheart how much you love their stench and still have them be your sweetheart? If you were living in the twelfth century or earlier, maybe. Stench's association with a bad, or even evil, odor has been prevalent since the thirteenth. In fact, this very old word used to be part of a verbal paradigm in previous versions of English that no longer exists in our language.
In Old English, stincan was an intransitive verb that meant "to emit a smell" and stench was the causative form, meaning roughly, "to cause to emit a smell." Other verb pairs that were related to each other in this way include drink/drench (whose ancestral form meant "make drunk" three hundred years before the current word took on its modern day meaning of "wet thoroughly"),  shrink/shrench ("cause to shrink") and sink/sench ("cause to sink"). These causative forms were replaced by transitive forms (as in "You sunk my battleship!"), but while a causative form for drink might come in handy when accusing your friends of daring you too go too far at the bar, and a causative of shrink would be useful when arguing with a dry cleaner, mostly the language gets along fine without these forms.
Speaking of causation, can you cause yourself to smell something or is it just a side effect of breathing? Before you answer, think about the difference between what happens when you sniff. The interesting thing about this word is that, before this came to suggest the action of a bloodhound, sniff described an "expression of scorn or contempt." Possibly related to snyvelen, which also contributes to our word snivel, the contemptuous sniff dates from 1729, and the word is not recorded as a synonym for smell until 1845.
Which can only make one wonder: as we evolved from the age of the chamberpot and semi-seasonal-at-best bathing, how are we only now acquiring words to delicately allude to our nasal suffering?
Want to get more specific about odor in the air? Check out this 10-word vocabulary list: Something Smells: From "Malodorous" to "Mephitic" to "It Reeks!"
WORD FAMILY
stink: stank, stinker, stinking, stinks, stinky, stunk+/stinker: stinkers/stinking: stinkingest, stinkingly/stinky: stinkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seahawks: Somehow they stunk it up against Rams in Week 2, though it was LA debut for Rams.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sunday’s performance could’ve used both, as Washington stunk up the place.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Perhaps too popular: Years after opening, there was a stink about people who’d moved into the privately run campground and stayed . and stayed.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 散发出恶臭; 招人厌恶; 糟透
n. 恶臭，难闻的气味
分布：臭味(60%)，臭气(25%)，招人讨厌(9%)，发臭味(6%)
→来自 stench 动词形式。拼写比较 bank,bench.
【记】源于：stench（n 恶臭；v 发恶臭）sink（n 下水槽）会stink
verb intransitive (stank or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO stunk, stunk)
SMELL 气味 informal
■to smell very unpleasant 散发异味，发出难闻的气味
• Your feet stink! 你的脚好臭！
• The morning after the party, the whole house stank of beer and cigarettes. 聚会后的第二天早上，整个房子都是啤酒和香烟的浊气。
• He hadn't washed for over a week and stank to high heaven (= greatly). 他有一个多星期没洗澡了，身上一股浓烈的异味。
• The woman next to me sprayed on some perfume and UKstank out / USstunk up the whole shop (= filled it with an unpleasant smell). 我旁边那个女人喷了些香水，整个商店里都弥漫着一股怪味。
[stɪŋk] verb intransitive (stank or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO stunk, stunk)
BE BAD 糟糕
■to be extremely bad or unpleasant 极糟糕；令人厌恶
• I think her whole attitude stinks. 我觉得她整个态度令人恶心。
• His acting stinks but he looks good, so he's offered lots of movie roles. 他的演技一塌糊涂，但人长得帅，所以获邀在许多影片中演出。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
■a strong unpleasant smell 恶臭；难闻气味
• The stink of rotting seaweed was strong along the seashore. 腐烂的海草在海滩上发出浓烈臭味。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
cause a stink informal
■to cause trouble and make people angry 引起麻烦，引起轩然大波；引起不快
• The article about political corruption caused a real stink. 那篇有关政治腐败的文章引起了轩然大波。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
create/kick up/raise a stink informal
■to make a strong public complaint 制造事端；滋事；起哄
• She created a stink about the lack of recycling facilities in the town. 她因城中缺乏废物回收设施而大吵大闹。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
like stink UK informal
■If someone works like stink, they work extremely hard. 非常卖力地，极努力地
n. [环境] 臭味；讨厌的人
 - smell, nuisance
vi. 发出臭味；招人讨厌
 - funk

Word: demeanor
Front: demeanor
[dɪ'mi:nə] (8554/-)
Vocabulary: demeanor
(once / 1101 pages)
n
Your demeanor is defined as being either your facial appearance or your behavior. When playing poker, don't let your demeanor give away how good your cards are.
Demeanor in English today has evolved from Middle English and Old French to refer to the way one manages or presents oneself, and this definition applies to conduct as well as facial expressions. The way you present yourself often affects how others make judgments about you and therefore, you might want your demeanor to reflect the situation you're in. So, if you're at a birthday party, your demeanor should be happy and smiling!
WORD FAMILY
demeanor: demeanors, misdemeanor +/ misdemeanor: misdemeanors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“His demeanor was beyond his age,” said Alex Gash, an offensive tackle and captain on the freshman team.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
His eyes seemed bright, his voice light, his demeanor relaxed.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Pepper sometimes used his folksy demeanor to his advantage, Chapman said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <正>行为，举止，态度
分布：行为(42%)，举止(36%)，风度(22%)
n. 风度；举止；行为
 - behavior, dealing, presence, bearing, going

Word: clout
Front: clout
[klaʊt] (宝 8570/14147 -1)
Vocabulary: clout
(once / 2709 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
When you speak of someone having clout, it usually means that they communicate a sense of power or influence, particularly in the political sense. "You’ll wanna talk to that big guy over there if you want me to let you in. He’s got clout."
Clout can also mean to hit someone really hard — either the hit you give (“that’s a big clout he just landed”) or the act of hitting (“she clouted him with a baseball bat”). Of course, the sense of having power and the actual hitting are related, since clout is something to be wielded — either physically or figuratively. Note: it's not just tough guys who have clout. China is said to have "growing economic clout," and Oprah is known to have significant clout in the media industry.
WORD FAMILY
clout: clouted, clouting, clouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the university replaced senior researchers with other, younger academics, some measure of clout was lost, she said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The NFL understands clout like few sports organizations ever will.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
“I’d expect better behavior from a company with such clout in the transportation industry,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 敲打，猛打; （尤指政治上的）影响; 破布
vt. （尤指用手）猛击，重打
时态：clouted, clouting, clouts
分布：影响力(91%)，猛击(9%)
→词源同clod,clot,cloud.原指大块状的东西。
【记】clo＝close关门，out出：一脚把你踢出去，在把门关上，说明我很牛，有权威。
【反】impuissance（n 无力）；impotency（n 无力）；impotence（n 无力）
verb transitive informal
■to hit someone or something with the hand or with a heavy object （用手或重物）猛打，猛击，敲
• Quigley clouted me smartly across the side of the head. 奎格利狠狠地向我的头部一侧打了一巴掌。
[klaʊt] noun
POWER 权力
uncountable
■power and influence over other people or events 权势；影响力
• The Queen may have privilege but she has no real political clout. 女王可以享有特权，但没有真正的政治权力。
[klaʊt] noun
HIT 打击
countable informal
■when you hit someone or something with your hand or with a heavy object （用手或重物）猛打，猛击，敲
• If the photocopier stops working, just give it a clout. 要是影印机停止运转，拍它一下就好了。
n. 影响力；破布；敲打；靶心；大帽钉（等于clout nail）
 - leverage, beating
vt. 给…打补钉；猛击；用布擦
 - jab at, lash out

Word: rival
Front: rival
[ˈraɪvl] (研四六托雅宝 4346/3058 -K4)
Vocabulary: rival
(once / 108 pages)
nv
A rival is a competitor or contender that you want to defeat, whether in an actual competition or for another goal. It may be a tennis rival or a rival for your true love’s affections.
There are all types of rivals, but they tend to show up a lot in sports. For example, in college football, the Army and Navy have been rivals since their first meeting in 1890. Something that is able to rival something else is seen as comparable to it in quality, and something that is said to be “without rival” is unmatched, or better than everything else.
WORD FAMILY
rival: rivaled, rivaling, rivalled, rivalling, rivalrous, rivalry, rivals+/rivaled: unrivaled/rivalled: unrivalled/ rivalry: rivalries/unrivaled: unrivaledest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deutsche Bank was the focus of that dream and along the way, he declined many offers to leave and join rival banks.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He told the media and political rivals to "hold off partying", adding: "Nothing will happen, because there is nothing."
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A prison chaplain said the riot began after a fight between rival gangs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 对手; 竞争者
vt. 与…竞争; 比得上某人
vi. 竞争
adj. 竞争的
时态：rivalled, rivalling, rivals
分布：对手(55%)，竞争(36%)，竞争的(4%)，竞争者(4%)，同伴(1%)
→来自拉丁语 rivalis,邻居，对手，竞争者，来自 rivus,溪流，河谷，来自 reie,流动，流水， 奔跑，词源同 run,Rhine.
竞争者(riv=river河,由"河"引申为"流动,跑,一起跑→竞争)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
n.竞争者,对手v.竞争,对抗a.竞争的The rival's arrival gives him a forgivable chance.对手的到来给他一个可原谅的机会.
【记】源于：rive（v 撕开），互相rive衣服的人－对手
【反】unite（v 联合；团结）
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area 竞争对手；敌手
• He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20 marks. 他以领先20分的成绩打败了和他水准最接近的对手。
• The companies produce rival versions of the toy. 这些公司生产的玩具跟我们的产品争夺市场。
['raɪ.vəl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else 可与…相媲美，比得上
• No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. 没有任何电脑比得上人脑复杂。
• The beauty of the country is only rivalled by (= is equal to) the violence of its politics. 该国的美丽风光非同寻常，而其国内政治的残暴同样惊世骇俗。
rival, equal, match
这组词都有“相称，比得上，与……相比”的意思，其区别是：
rival: 指某人或某物在和对手竞争中，在能力、质量等方面都能与之相匹敌，都能比得上。
equal: 指在数量、价值或程度等方面已完全相等。
match: 指对手之间力量、强度、性能或利益等的较量或竞争。
opponent, competitor, enemy, foe, rival
这些名词均有“对手，敌手”之意。
opponent: 最常用词，通常指在争论、辩论、竞选或竞赛以及其它各种矛盾冲突中站在对立面的“对手”或“敌手”。
competitor: 指为同一目标或目的竞争者，一般无感情色彩。
enemy: 多指充满敌意的仇敌。
foe: 语气较强，多用于书面文字和诗歌中。指不仅敌对，而且很危险，怀有很深的敌意。
rival: 指与某人目标一致而想赶上或超过他的人，匹敌者。
contend, rival, contest, compete
这组词都有“竞争”的意思，其区别是：
contend: 指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。
rival: 指在两方或多方的竞争或比赛中，谁都想战胜或比得上对手。
contest: 指为争夺土地、阵地、权力或荣誉等而展开的竞争。
compete: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指体育活动等活动中争取优胜的相互竞争，也可指为了自己的利益与他人竞争。
n. 对手； [劳经] 竞争者
 - equal, comparative, opponent, match, adversary
vt. 与…竞争；比得上某人
 - match, compete against
vi. [劳经] 竞争
 - contest, cope, struggle to
adj. [劳经] 竞争的
 - competitive, vying

Word: trade-off
Front: trade-off
[ˈtreɪdˌɔ:f, -ˌɔf] (-1)
Back: n. 交易; 权衡
分布：取舍(100%)
US [-ɑ:f] noun
countable
■a situation in which you balance two opposing situations or qualities 平衡；协调
• There is a trade-off between doing the job accurately and doing it quickly. 工作做得准确无误和迅速快捷之间有个平衡。
• She said that she'd had to make a trade-off between her job and her family. 她说她必须平衡好工作和家庭。
countable usually singular
■a situation in which you accept something bad in order to have something good 妥协，让步
• For some car buyers, lack of space is an acceptable trade-off for a sporty design. 对一些购车者而言，设计成跑车风格的车型即使空间狭小也可以接受。
n. 交换，交易；权衡；协定
 - exchange, convention, truck

Word: reckless
Front: reckless
[ˈrekləs] (研六托雅 8562/8577 -1)
Vocabulary: reckless
(once / 323 pages)
adj
If you are reckless, you don't think or care about the consequences of your words or actions, like a reckless driver who speeds while texting, knitting, and eating a sandwich.
The word reckless comes from the Old English word receleas, meaning "careless, thoughtless, heedless." If you have a reckless attitude, you aren't concerned about what happens to yourself or others who are affected by your actions. In this usage, reckless is the opposite of considerate. Reckless friends will invite people you don't know to your house because with your parents away, it's party time. Surprise!
WORD FAMILY
reckless: recklessly, recklessness+/recklessness: recklessnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In previous campaigns, there was a clear delineation between the serious main event and the reckless fringe, but not in this one,” Ronson writes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He was cited on suspicion of misdemeanor reckless driving.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Driver Johnthony Walker, 24, faces charges of vehicular homicide, reckless driving and reckless endangerment.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 鲁莽的，不顾危险的; 粗心大意的; 满不在乎的; 胆大妄为
分布：鲁莽的(53%)，不计后果的(45%)，大意的(2%)
→reck,关心，顾虑，-less,无，没有。引申词义不顾后果的。
a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的Some of these young motorcyclists are very reckless.有些年轻的摩托车骑士很鲁莽.
【记】reck（v 顾忌），less一不顾忌后果一轻率的
【区】feckless（adj 无精神的；无目标计划的）
【反】circumspect（adj 慎重周到的）；measured（adj 有规则的）
adjective
■doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results 鲁莽的；轻率的；不顾后果的
• He was found guilty of reckless driving. 他被判鲁莽驾驶罪名成立。
adj. 鲁莽的，不顾后果的；粗心大意的
 - indiscretionary, temerarious

Word: insurgency
Front: insurgency
[ɪnˈsɜ:dʒənsi] (8546/28068 -1)
Vocabulary: insurgency
(once / 2966 pages)
n
An insurgency is a movement within a country dedicated to overthrowing the government. An insurgency is a rebellion.
Insurgencies are movements to overthrow governments. The United States was founded by an insurgency, when the colonies fought England for independence. In the Star Wars movies, the rebel forces stage an insurgency. Around the world, many insurgencies exist, using violent and other means. Insurgency is also used for less serious situations: for example, a rebellious group within a company, political party, or school could be called an insurgency. All insurgencies are made up of rebels.
WORD FAMILY
insurgency: insurgencies+/counterinsurgency: counterinsurgencies/counterinsurgent: counterinsurgency/ insurgent: counterinsurgent, insurgency, insurgently, insurgents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Around 29% of India's coal deposits are situated in Jharkand, one of the country's poorest areas and the site of a Maoist insurgency.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Turkey sees the main Syrian Kurdish faction as an extension of the Kurdish insurgency raging in its southwest.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Weeks later, a Russia-backed separatist insurgency flared up in eastern Ukraine.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 起义; 暴动; 叛变
分布：叛乱(84%)，暴动(12%)，起义(4%)
→来自insurgent,起义，叛乱。
US [-'sɝ:-] noun uncountable
■when a group of people attempt to take control of their country by force 叛乱，造反，暴动
• The government is reported to be concerned about the growing insurgency in the South. 据报道，政府对于南方日益扩大的叛乱局势深感焦虑。
Compare counterinsurgency
n. 叛乱；暴动；叛乱状态
 - rebellion, intifada

Word: ape
Front: ape
[eɪp] (托雅 8577/10428 -1)
Vocabulary: ape
(once / 662 pages)
1n 2v 3vn
To ape someone is to imitate them, often in a mocking way. Most people don't like being aped.
To ape is to imitate, but it can mean a few different things. One type of aping is to blatantly imitate something or someone in every way. That's considered a bad thing because it's so unoriginal — it's a rip-off. Another kind of aping is like a caricature — to ape in this way is a way of making fun or spoofing someone. Either way, you probably don't want to be accused of aping.
WORD FAMILY
ape: aped, apelike, aper, apery, apes, aping+/aper: apers/apery: aperies
USAGE EXAMPLES
A West Virginia nonprofit director who compared her to an ape in a Facebook post last month lost her job over the comment.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
“So let’s prepare a gift for the filthy pigs/apes.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Great apes demonstrated a mind-reading skill this year that only humans were thought to fully possess.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 猿; 狂热; 模仿者
vt. 模仿
时态：aped, apeing, apes
分布：猿(80%)，模仿(20%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
■an animal like a large monkey which has no tail and uses its arms to swing through trees 猿；无尾猿；类人猿
• Chimpanzees and gorillas are both apes. 黑猩猩和大猩猩都是类人猿。
[eɪp] noun countable
go ape (offensive go ape-shit) informal
■to become extremely angry 暴跳如雷
• She went ape because I was half an hour late. 我迟到了半小时，结果她暴跳如雷。
[eɪp] verb transitive disapproving
■to copy something or someone badly and unsuccessfully （拙劣地）模仿
• He called the new building unoriginal and said that it merely aped the classical traditions. 他称这座新楼的风格毫无新意，并说它只不过是对古典传统建筑的拙劣模仿。
n. [脊椎] 猿；傻瓜；模仿者
 - stupid, fool
vt. 模仿；抢台词
 - simulate, pattern, imitate
adj. 狂热的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic, fanatical

Word: tempting
Front: tempting
[ˈtemptɪŋ] (托 8558/7524)
Back: adj. 吸引人的; 诱人的
v. 引诱或怂恿（某人）干不正当的事( tempt的现在分词)
分布：诱惑人的(88%)，动词tempt的现在分词.(12%)
adjective
■If something is tempting, you want to do or have it 诱人的，吸引人的；使人禁不住想尝试（或拥有）的
• a tempting offer 诱人的提议
• That pie looks very tempting. 那个馅饼看起来很诱人。
• [+ to infinitive] It's tempting to blame television for the increase in crime. 人们禁不住要把犯罪率的升高归咎于电视。
adj. 吸引人的；诱惑人的
 - attractive, absorbing
v. 引诱（tempt的ing形式）
 - enticing

Word: glossy
Front: glossy
[ˈglɒsi] (托宝 8572/6986 -1)
Vocabulary: glossy
(once / 1285 pages)
adjn
Something that is glossy is something that shines or is attractive. Things that are glossy reflect light, like certain types of lipstick. Glossy paper is smooth and has a shine to it, like the paper of most calendars.
The word glossy sounds a little bit like the word glassy, which is a good way to remember it. Things that are glossy sort of look like glass, meaning they have a shine to them. After your teeth are cleaned, they'll hopefully look glossy. When you print photographs, you can choose a glossy finish — that’s when the image looks shiny and smooth. In that instance, the opposite of glossy is matte, a sort of rougher finish that doesn’t reflect light.
WORD FAMILY
glossy: glossier, glossies, glossiest, glossily, glossiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I shiver in my paper gown, sitting near a table with glossy magazines.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They installed wall-size screens and display cases and arranged glossy tablets on large tables.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The app is smooth and visually engaging, with food photography worthy of a glossy magazine.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有光泽的，光滑的; 虚有其表的; 似是而非的
n. 用亮光纸印刷的杂志; 印在光纸上的相片
级别：glossier, glossiest
分布：光滑的(53%)，有光泽的(47%)
US ['glɑ:.si] adjective
■smooth and shiny 平滑有光泽的；光滑的
• She has wonderfully glossy hair. 她有一头顺滑的秀发。
• a dog with a glossy coat 亮毛狗
■describes a book or magazine which has been produced on shiny and expensive paper and contains many colour pictures （书、杂志）用高级亮光纸印刷的
• a glossy coffee-table book 用亮光纸印刷的大本图书
• a pile of glossy magazines/car brochures 一叠用高级亮光纸印刷的杂志／汽车广告小册子
■mainly disapproving
■looking attractive, but often not having serious value or quality 虚有其表的
• This magazine is full of glossy advertisements for aftershave. 这本杂志中满是介绍刮胡水的广告，尽是些夸夸其谈的东西。
UK ['glɒs.i] US ['glɑ:.si] noun countable
■a glossy magazine 高级亮光纸印刷的杂志
US
■a photograph printed on smooth shiny paper 用亮光纸列印的照片
adj. 光滑的；有光泽的
 - smooth, glabrous

Word: grumble
Front: grumble
[ˈgrʌmbl] (六托雅宝 8559/8731 -1)
Vocabulary: grumble
(once / 450 pages)
vn
When you grumble, you complain about something clearly but quietly, in a low mutter. Some people grumble a hundred times a day, about everything from the weather to the traffic to their bad luck at bowling.
The verb grumble is a great example of onomatopoeia, a word that sounds just like what it means. When you say "grumble" out loud, you're practically already grumbling about something. The origin of grumble is the Middle French word grommeler, or "mutter through the teeth." Just think about the things in life that make you want to mutter through your teeth and you'll probably start to grumble.
WORD FAMILY
grumble: grumbled, grumbler, grumbles, grumbling+/grumbler: grumblers/grumbling: grumblingly, grumblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem talks about how: "We hate orange barriers/As they dig up the town/We all like to grumble/As we traverse around."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
This is not a grumble, though, it is a fact of life.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
When he missed three of his first four shot attempts, the crowd grumbled.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 抱怨; 发牢骚; 嘟囔; （雷等）隆隆响
vt. 喃喃地说出
n. 抱怨; 牢骚; 咕哝; （雷等的）隆隆声
时态：grumbled, grumbling, grumbles
分布：抱怨(58%)，牢骚(16%)，发牢骚(13%)，怨言(8%)，轰隆声(4%)，轰鸣(1%)
→拟声词，模仿咕哝的声音。比较grouch, grouse,grunt.
【记】源于mutter（n /v 咕哝；嘀咕）rumble（v 隆隆声；低沉地说）读：grow ball－长成一个ball的形状，重200ton－粗鲁地抱怨
【参】grouch骨肉吃；grouse骨肉死，groan骨肉嗯（2个抱怨，一个呻吟）
verb intransitive
■to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way 发牢骚；抱怨；嘟囔
• She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job. 她整晚都在向我抱怨她的工作。
• [+ speech] "You never hang your coat up, " she grumbled. “你就从来不会把外套挂起来。”她埋怨道。
■If your stomach grumbles, it makes a low continuous noise, usually because you are hungry. （通常因为饿而）肚子咕咕叫
['grʌm.bl] verb intransitive
mustn't grumble UK humorous
■something you say to mean that your life is not bad and that you should not complain about it 没有甚么好抱怨的；日子过得还不错
• "How's it going then, Mike?" "Oh, all right. Mustn't grumble." “那么，一切还好吧，麦克？”“哦，不错，没有甚么好抱怨的。”
['grʌm.bl] noun countable usually plural
■a complaint 抱怨；牢骚
• If I hear any more grumbles about the food, you can do the cooking yourself! 要是再让我听到你抱怨饭不好吃，你就自己做！
grumble, complain, murmur
这组词都有“抱怨、埋忽”的意思，其区别是：
grumble: 指因对处境、待遇不满或其他个人因素而愤愤不平地向他人诉苦或自言自语。
complain: 侧重因对处境不满、待遇不公或自己有痛苦等而向别人诉说、埋怨。
murmur: 多指因不满某人或某事而背着人自言自语地发怨言。
vi. 抱怨；嘟囔
 - beef about, repine
n. 怨言
 - earful, querimony
vt. 喃喃地说出
 - mouth

Word: foreground
Front: foreground
[ˈfɔ:graʊnd] (8564/11693 -1)
Vocabulary: foreground
(once / 1788 pages)
nv
When you're watching a movie, you can describe what's happening up close to the camera as being in the foreground.
The foreground is the opposite of the background, which is the part of a photograph, painting, or scene that's farthest away from you. Some photographers tend to focus sharply on the foreground while letting the rest of the picture go blurry. The noun foreground was first used specifically for talking about painting, and it came from fore, "before" or "in front," and ground, or "foundation."
WORD FAMILY
foreground: foregrounds+/ ground: foreground, grounded, grounder, grounding, groundless, grounds, underground/grounder: grounders/grounding: foregrounding, groundings/groundless: groundlessly, groundlessness/underground: undergrounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the day is hazy, McKim finds every misty color at play in both his foregrounds and vanishing points.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In the foreground is a group of a dozen or so Japanese soldiers huddled around the rising-sun flag.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
The vantage point of my drawing foregrounds the tower into its neighborhood context of St. Brigid’s church, school, and Tompkins Square Park.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 前景; 突出的地方， 最显著的位置
时态：foregrounded, foregrounding, foregrounds
分布：前景(99%)，最显著的位置(1%)
US ['fɔ:r-] noun only singular
the foreground
■the people, objects, countryside, etc. in a picture or photograph that seem nearest to you and form its main part （图片或照片的）前景
• In the foreground of the painting is a horse and cart. 油画的前景是一架马车。
Compare background the area of most importance and activity, or which people pay attention to 重要位置；瞩目地位
• Historically, issues of this kind have not occupied the foreground of political debate. 从历史上看，这类问题在政治辩论中没有占据过显要位置。
UK ['fɔ:.graʊnd] US ['fɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to give the most importance to a particular subject, etc 强调，突出（某事物的重要性）
• His speech foregrounded the history of the decision. 他的演讲强调了这个决定的历史。
n. [摄] 前景；最显著的位置
 - prospects

Word: private
Front: private
[ˈpraɪvət] (中高研四六托雅 672/581 -K4)
Vocabulary: private
(once / 39 pages)
1adj 2n
Something private is something you don't want to share; it's for your eyes only. Your diary entries and your bank account balance might both be kept private.
As a noun, the lowest enlisted rank is called private. You may enlist as a private but have plans to retire from the Army as a four-star general! Sometimes the adjective private is used as the opposite of public. If you own your own island, it's private property. Alcatraz Island, however, is public property and the site of a museum preserving its past life as a famous prison — former home to Al Capone.
WORD FAMILY
private: privacy, privately, privateness, privates, privatise, privatize, semiprivate+/ privacy: privacies/privatise: privatisation/ privatization: privatizations/ privatize: privatization, privatized, privatizes, privatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am a clinical social worker in private practice, and I deal with a different client every hour.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Expect the unexpected,” said Sabine Kaiser, founder of SKadvisory, which advises family offices on venture capital and private equity.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Trump returned to New York Monday after spending the holidays at his private club in South Florida.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 私有的，私人的; 秘密的; 内心的; 平民的，无官职的，士兵的
n. 列兵，士兵，[陆]二等兵; 〈古〉私人，个人; 阴部，生殖器
分布：私人的(33%)，私有的(17%)，个人的(17%)，列兵(12%)，士兵(10%)，私下的(10%)，缄默的(1%)
→来自拉丁语privare,使个人化，使分开，使剥离，来自privus,个人的，自己的，来自per,向前，穿过，词源同ford,first.
私人的(priv+ate→个人的)[Priv=single,lone,表示"单个"]
a.私人的,个人的,秘密的,私下的I've hatred for the hateful man's skates bought with prior private privilege.我对那个可恶男子用优先个人特权购买的冰鞋感到厌恶.
adjective
PERSONAL 私人的
 ESSENTIAL
■only for one person or group and not for everyone 私人（用）的；私有的
• She has a small office which is used for private discussions. 她有一间小办公室，做密谈之用。
• I caught him looking through my private papers. 我撞见他在翻阅我的私人文件。
• The sign on the gate said 'Private Property - No Admittance.' 大门的标牌上写著「私宅——闲人莫入”。
 ESSENTIAL
■describes activities which involve personal matters or relationships and are not connected with your work 私人的
• Apparently in interviews he refuses to talk about his private life. 很明显，他在采访中不愿谈论自己的私生活。
■describes thoughts and opinions which are secret and which you do not discuss with other people 不公开的，秘密的
• Although I support the project in public, my private opinion is that it will fail. 虽然我当众支持这项计划，但我私底下认为它不会成功。
• This is a private matter. 这是私事。
■describes a place which is quiet and where there are no other people to see or hear you （场所）清静的，不受侵扰的
• Is there somewhere private where we can talk? 有没有一个安静的地方好让我们谈一谈？
■describes someone who does not like to talk about their personal feelings and thoughts 不愿吐露心思的；不爱交流思想的；内向的
• She's quite a private person. 她是一个很内向的人。
in private
■If you talk to someone or do something in private, you do it without other people being present 非公开的，私下的
• Jamie wants to speak to me in private. 杰米想和我私下谈谈。
Compare in public at public
['praɪ.vət] adjective
NOT OFFICIAL 非官方的
 ESSENTIAL
■controlled or paid for by a person or company and not by the government 私立的；私营的；民间的
• private education/healthcare 私立教育／医疗保健
• a private doctor/dentist 私人医生／牙医
• Banks should be supporting small private businesses. 银行应该支持小型私人企业。
['praɪ.vət] noun countable
■a soldier of the lowest rank in an army 二等兵，列兵
personal, individual, private
这组词都有“个人的，私人的”的意思，其区别是：
personal: 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。
individual: 与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。
private: 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。
adj. 私人的；私有的；私下的
 - chamber, cabinet
n. 列兵；二等兵
 - seaman second class

Word: influx
Front: influx
[ˈɪnflʌks] (托雅宝 8583/9981 -1)
Vocabulary: influx
(once / 2310 pages)
n
If there is a forceful flowing inward or coming in, you can say there is an influx. Every fall, the college town sees an influx of students and the population jumps 30 percent.
Although anything flowing inward can be called an influx, there are several things this word is commonly used to refer to: water, people, and cash. The dam burst, causing an influx of water to the already swollen river. You just managed to avoid the influx of people mobbing the store looking to be the first to buy the newest gaming system. Try to avoid a financial plan like this: once you win the lottery, you'll use the influx of cash to pay off debts.
WORD FAMILY
influx: influxes+/ flux: fluxed, fluxes, fluxing, fluxion, influx /fluxion: fluxions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The challenge is dealing with the obvious influx of drugs that’s fueling the addictions epidemic, Beidelschies said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“The influx of illicitly manufactured fentanyl from overseas is a nationwide issue that requires a multidisciplinary intervention from all levels of government.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They still are quarreling over how to handle a mass influx of migrants from the Middle East and Africa.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 流入，注入; 汇集〔指人或物〕，充斥; 注入口，河口
分布：涌入(66%)，流入(29%)，汇集(3%)，河口(2%)
→in-,进入，使，-flu,流动，词源同fluid,flux. 即流进，流入。
涌入;汇集(in进入＋flux→注入→涌入)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
【记】flux（v 熔化；流出）
【反】exodus（n 大批离去）
noun uncountable
■the arrival of a large number of people or things at the same time 涌进；汇集
• Turkey is expecting an influx of several thousand refugees over the next few days. 未来几天涌入土耳其的难民预计会达几千人。
n. [流] 流入；汇集；河流的汇集处
 - afflux, inrush

Word: announcer
Front: announcer
[əˈnaʊnsə(r)] (四托 7512/20423 -1)
Back: n. 宣告者; 播音员
分布：广播员(92%)，告知者(8%)
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■someone who introduces programmes or reads the news on the television or radio （电视台或电台的）节目主持人，广播员，播音员
• a radio/TV announcer 电台／电视节目主持人
n. [广播] 广播员；宣告者
 - broadcaster

Word: thickness
Front: thickness
[ˈθɪknəs] (四六托 8553/6490 -K)
Back: n. 层; 浓度; 厚（度）; 最厚的部分
分布：厚度(74%)，层(24%)，浓度(2%)
→thick,厚的，-ness,名词后缀。
【参】thicket（n 灌木丛）
noun
uncountable
■the quality of being thick 厚；粗
• The thickness of the mulch will prevent weeds growing around the shrubs. 厚厚的覆盖物会防止灌木周围长出杂草。
• Just feel the thickness of this carpet! 来摸摸这地毯有多厚！
countable or uncountable
■the distance between the opposite sides of something 厚度（某物两对边间的距离）
• How do you measure the thickness of paper? 你怎样测量纸张的厚度？
• Look at the thickness of that tree trunk. 看一下那个树干的厚度。
countable
■a layer of something 一层东西
• Put several thicknesses of newspaper on the table before you start painting. 在你开始画画之前，先在桌上铺几层报纸。
n. [物] 厚度；层；浓度；含混不清
 - concentration, layer, stratum

Word: vengeance
Front: vengeance
[ˈvendʒəns] (六雅宝 8569/9690 -1)
Vocabulary: vengeance
(once / 292 pages)
n
If someone hurts you, you might be inspired to plan an act of vengeance: some type of payback in order to settle the score. Be careful, though, because you might inspire someone to take vengeance on you in return.
Vengeance is a downward spiral of pain and betrayal, one person hurting another, who hurts another, and so on. You might demand vengeance if your brother throws your favorite jeans into a tree, and your brother might feel the same way after you spit gum in his hair. The phrase “with a vengeance” means to do something with a lot of intensity. Vengeance shares roots with the word revenge, and someone who wants revenge usually pursues it with a vengeance.
WORD FAMILY
vengeance: vengeances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sully,” “Storks,” “In a Valley of Vengeance,” “Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In it he called his attack vengeance for airstrikes against Muslims and said he wished to become a martyr.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
There is in each of us a temptation to vengeance, and this is my confession.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 报仇，复仇; 报复
分布：报复(60%)，报仇(40%)
→来自古法语vengier,复仇，报仇，词源同vindication,vendetta.
报仇(venge+vance)[venge=punish,表示"惩罚",引申为"报仇"]
复仇(venge仇恨,报仇)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
noun uncountable
■the punishing of someone for harming you or your friends or family, or the wish for such punishment to happen 报仇，复仇，报复；复仇心
• On the day after the terrorist attack, the overall mood in the town was one of vengeance. 在恐怖袭击发生后的第二天，镇上人们普遍的情绪就是要复仇。
• As he cradled his daughter's lifeless body in his arms, he swore (to take) vengeance on her killers. 他紧抱着女儿的尸体，发誓要找杀害她的凶手报仇。
['ven.dʒənts] noun uncountable
with a vengeance
■with great force or extreme energy 猛烈地；极度地
• He's been working with a vengeance over the past few weeks to make up for lost time. 几周以来他玩儿命工作以弥补失去的时间。
• Flared trousers are back with a vengeance (= very popular again) this summer. 喇叭裤今年夏天又铺天盖地再度流行起来。
n. 复仇；报复；报仇
 - revenge, revanche

Word: salsa
Front: salsa
[ˈsælsə] (8579/48324 -1)
Back: n. 洋葱做的辣调味汁; 萨尔萨舞曲
vi. 跳萨尔萨舞
分布：萨尔萨舞曲(100%)
→来自西班牙语 salsa,沙司，调料，词源同 salt,salad,sauce.后用于指舞蹈名，比喻用法，加调 料的，充满欢乐的。
US ['sɑ:l-] noun
SAUCE 调味汁
countable or uncountable
■a spicy sauce made from tomatoes, onions and chillies (= small spicy red or green seed cases) 辣酱，辣调味汁（用蕃茄洋葱和辣椒制成）
UK ['sæl.sə] US ['sɑ:l-] noun
MUSIC/DANCE 音乐／舞蹈
[S or U]
■a type of South American music with a strong beat, or a dance done to this music 萨尔萨舞曲（源自南美洲，节奏强烈）；萨尔萨舞

Word: bacterial
Front: bacterial
[bæk'tɪərɪəl] (8586/8310)
Vocabulary: bacterial
(once / 4715 pages)
adj
If your illness is caused by bacteria, you can describe it as bacterial. For example, a lung infection that results from being exposed to bacteria is called bacterial pneumonia.
Some infections and illnesses are caused by viruses, and they're called viral. Other kinds occur when your immune system is invaded by microorganisms called bacteria, and these are bacterial. You're most likely to hear the adjective bacterial when you're sick. The root word, bakterion, is Greek for "small staff or rod." Bacterial organisms were named this way in the 1830's because the first bacteria observed through a microscope were rod-shaped.
WORD FAMILY
bacterial: antibacterial, bacterially+/ antibacterial: antibacterials/ bacteria: bacterial, bacterioid, bacterise, bacterize, bacteroid
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some facilities started testing scopes for contamination after cleaning and holding them in quarantine for 48 hours to check them again for bacterial growth.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier in the year, it teamed up with a U.S. biotech to develop products aimed at restoring bacterial balance in the digestive system.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not clear how that translates to humans: Mice eat each other’s droppings when they live together, so they easily share the bacterial wealth.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 细菌的; 细菌性
分布：细菌的(100%)
US [-'tɪr.i-] adjective
■caused by, made from, or relating to bacteria 细菌的
• a bacterial infection 细菌感染
• bacterial contamination/growth 细菌污染／生长
adj. [微] 细菌的
 - microbic

Word: ghetto
Front: ghetto
[ˈgetəʊ] (8584/11864 -2)
Vocabulary: ghetto
(once / 2637 pages)
n
Ghetto means a crowded poor part of a city lived in by a specific ethnic group. The word is powerful, often associated with a rich cultural heritage or a sense of shame and a desire to escape.
While most ghettos are formed through social forces (immigration, real estate values, public housing), in European cities during the time of the Nazi Holocaust (1939-1944), Jews were required by law to live in designated, often walled ghettos. Today, the word ghetto can also be used to describe non-geographic, but similarly cut off situations where one might feel stuck: "the academic ghetto."
WORD FAMILY
ghetto: ghettoes, ghettoise, ghettoize, ghettos+/ghettoize: ghettoized, ghettoizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Israel is creating Palestinian ghettos, islands of land that are doomed to failure without basic resources,” he said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A journey into one of the world’s oldest Jewish ghettos, where this year a long, rich history is commemorated.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
After a few days in a ghetto they would leave.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 少数民族的集中住宅区; 犹太人区; 限制区，分离区; 贫民区
分布：贫民区(48%)，犹太人区(45%)，少数民族聚居区(7%)
→词源不确定。可能缩写自意大利语borghetto, 小城区，词源同borough, hamburg.
US ['getˌ.oʊ] (plural ghettos or ghettoes)
noun countable
■an area of a city, especially a very poor area, where people of a particular race or religion live closely together and apart from other people （尤指城市中贫穷的）某种族（或宗教信仰者）聚居区；贫民区
• As a child she lived in one of New York's poorest ghettos. 童年时，她居住的地方是纽约最贫穷的贫民区之一。
• to live in ghetto conditions 在贫民区中生活
■old use
■in the past, an area of a city where Jews were made to live （旧时的）犹太人居住区，隔都
■a part of society or group that is in some way divided from the main part 被主流社会隔离或集中的某一社会群体
• Brought up in what he describes as 'a middle class ghetto', he imagined that all people were as privileged as he was. 自称从小在“一个中产阶级聚居区”长大的他，以为所有人都是平等的。
n. 犹太人区；贫民区
 - East Side, favela

Word: sprint
Front: sprint
[sprɪnt] (雅宝 8582/12269 -2)
Vocabulary: sprint
(once / 1350 pages)
vn
When you run really fast, you sprint. You and your sister might sprint to the bus stop, racing to see who can get there first.
In the sport of track and field, a sprint is a short race that's run at top speed the whole way. Two professional cyclists also sprint when they race on bikes that start out side-by-side. If you notice a swarm of angry wasps heading your direction, you can sprint indoors, hoping you move faster than they do. Sprint has a Scandinavian root, possibly the Old Norse word spretta, "to jump up."
WORD FAMILY
sprint: sprinted, sprinter, sprinting, sprints+/sprinter: sprinters
USAGE EXAMPLES
"When the players are sprinting it is hard for the referees, I am the first to say that. "But the players were walking.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Soon he was followed by sprinting, dancing teammates who were quickly engulfed in hugs and confetti.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The junior confidently drilled the Rose Bowl winner, sprinting away to celebrate amid pandemonium in the packed stadium.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 冲刺，全速短跑
n. 全速短跑; 速度或活动的突然爆发
时态：sprinted, sprinting, sprints
分布：冲刺(95%)，短距离赛跑(3%)，全力奔跑(2%)
→词源可能同 spring,弹，跳，蹦。引申词义短跑，冲刺。
【记】跑得像print印刷一样快就是sprint
verb intransitive
■to run as fast as you can over a short distance, either in a race or because you are in a great hurry to get somewhere 短距离快速奔跑，冲刺
• We had to sprint to catch the bus. 我们不得不飞奔赶上公车。
[sprɪnt] noun
countable
■a short and very fast race, such as the 100-metre race, or the last part of a longer running race which is run as fast as possible 短跑；（长距离赛跑的）冲刺
• the 100-metre sprint 百米短跑
only singular
■a very fast run that someone makes when they are in a great hurry to get somewhere （短距离）全速奔跑
• He suddenly broke into (= started) a sprint. 他突然开始飞奔起来。
vi. 冲刺，全速跑
 - spurt
n. 冲刺；短跑
 - spurt

Word: mar
Front: mar
[mɑ:(r)] (雅宝 8573/8460 -2)
Vocabulary: mar
(once / 767 pages)
vn
A mar is a flaw, mark, or blemish, like a deep scratch on a wooden table. As a verb, to mar is to make such an imperfection — like the pen mark that mars your crisp, white shirt.
We often think of things that mar as immediately noticeable, like scratches, scars, and blemishes, but sometimes mar describes other ways of ruining something. For example, an unexpected run-in with a difficult person can mar your relaxing day at the beach, just as an unpleasant memory can mar a peaceful state of mind. The thing to remember is, it only takes one scratch, one mean comment, or one negative experience to mar something that is otherwise fine.
WORD FAMILY
mar: marred, marring+/ marred: unmarred
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heffner is now back in her home, and though her foot is still healing, her face is no longer marred by bruising.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A second election win in 2011 was marred by allegations of major fraud.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But town officials did talk about how they believe the project will mar the town’s rural character and potentially pollute the environment across the region.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 毁坏，损坏; 弄糟; 糟蹋; 玷污
n. 污点; 瑕疵; 障碍; 损伤，毁损
时态：marred, marring, mars
分布：毁坏(34%)，破坏(27%)，污点(21%)，瑕疵(18%)
→来自古英语merran,毁坏，损毁，来自Proto-Germanic*marzjan,来自mers,骚扰，使混乱，可能来自mer,刮，磨，伤害，词源同mortar.
【记】读：骂，骂人会损伤一个人的名誉。
【参】maraud（v /n 劫掠；掠夺）
【反】enhance（v 提高；增强）
US [mɑ:r] (-rr-) slightly formal
verb transitive
■to spoil something, making it less perfect or less enjoyable 损坏；破坏；损伤
• Sadly, the text is marred by careless errors. 很遗憾，这篇文章因一些粗心大意的错误而大为失色。
• It was a really nice day, marred only by a little argument in the car on the way home. 这一天过得非常不错，只是回家路上在汽车里发生的一点口角令人扫兴。
• I hope the fact that Louise isn't coming won't mar your enjoyment of the evening. 路易丝今晚不来了，我希望这不会令你感到扫兴。
vt. 损毁；损伤；糟蹋；玷污
 - cloud, to injure
n. 污点；瑕疵
 - tainture, jaup

Word: toxin
Front: toxin
[ˈtɒksɪn] (宝 8565/10698 -1)
Vocabulary: toxin
(once / 5151 pages)
n
A toxin is an organic poison — it’s made by plants and animals. Toxins make people sick. If your appendix bursts, toxins are released into your blood stream. Also breathing in a toxin like ricin will make you very ill.
Toxins are naturally occurring poisons. There are the toxins your body creates and some that animals and plants excrete. Some are harmful — getting stung by a stingray can kill you because its toxin is powerful. Toxin is the noun form of toxic. The most dangerous kind of toxin is the botulinus toxin, which is the kind found in the bacteria of spoiled food and is used to make Botox. Another dangerous toxin, ricin, is made from castor beans.
WORD FAMILY
toxin: antitoxin, toxins+/antitoxin: antitoxins
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the southern coast, Long Beach and Twin Harbors won’t be open until marine toxin levels decrease.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
On southern coast, Long Beach and Twin Harbors won’t be open until marine toxin levels decrease.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Detoxification, or “detox” diets, claim to eliminate toxins from the body in order to promote health and weight loss.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 毒素; 毒质
分布：毒素(98%)，毒质(2%)
→toxic,有毒的，-in,化学名词后缀。
毒素(tox+in)[tox=poison表示"毒"]
【记】tox毒，in里面：里面的毒－毒素
US ['tɑ:k-] noun countable
■a poisonous substance, especially one which is produced by bacteria and which causes disease （尤指致病细菌产生的）毒素

Word: drastically
Front: drastically
['drɑ:stɪklɪ] (8578/9536)
Back: adv. 大大地，彻底地; 激烈地
分布：彻底地(75%)，大幅度地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
（行为）严厉的，极端的
If you have to take drastic action in order to solve a problem, you have to do something extreme and basic to solve it.
例：Drastic measures are needed to clean up the profession...行业清理整顿需要严厉的措施。
例：He's not going to do anything drastic about economic policy.他不打算对经济政策作任何重大调整。
ADJ-GRADED
（变化）激烈的，巨大的
A drastic change is a very great change.
例：Elderly people are not in a position to make drastic changes at this stage of their life...上了年纪的人在他们这个人生阶段不会再有什么实质性的改变。
例：...a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying.死亡人数的大幅下降
adv. 彻底地；激烈地
 - thoroughly, entirely, completely, fully, strongly

Word: heavyweight
Front: heavyweight
[ˈheviweɪt] (8576/9093 -2)
Back: n. [体]重量级拳击[摔跤]运动员; 体重超过平均水平的人; 要人，重要的人物
adj. 重量级的; 特别厚重的
分布：重量级选手(56%)，超过平均重量的人或物(22%)，要人(22%)
noun countable
■a boxer who weighs more than 175 pounds (79.5 kilograms) and is therefore in the heaviest group 重量级拳击手（体重79.5公斤以上）
• Mike Tyson was heavyweight champion of the world. 麦克‧泰森曾是世界重量级拳击冠军。
Compare lightweight a person or thing that is important or serious and that other people notice 重量级人物；重要的事物
• Her extraordinary intelligence and speaking ability made her a political heavyweight. 她出众的智慧和口才使她成为政坛的重量级人物。
n. 重量级拳击手；有影响的人物；聪明绝顶的人
 - cruiserweight

Word: terrifying
Front: terrifying
['terɪfaɪŋ] (托 8585/8739)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 极大的
v. 使恐怖，使惊吓; 恐吓(terrify的现在分词)
分布：可怕的(97%)，动词terrify的现在分词.(3%)
adjective
■very frightening 很可怕的
• a terrifying experience/ordeal 可怕的经历／严峻的考验
adj. 令人恐惧的；骇人的；极大的
 - tremendous, infinite, frightening

Word: rooftop
Front: rooftop
[ˈru:ftɒp] (8587/15146 -1)
Back: n. 屋顶
分布：屋顶(100%)
US [-tɑ:p] noun countable usually plural
■the outside surface of the roof of a building 屋顶；外屋顶
• a magnificent view of the rooftops 屋顶鳞次栉比的壮观景色
• Police marksmen with rifles were stationed on the rooftops. 屋顶上布置了手持步枪的警队狙击手。
UK ['ru:f.tɒp] US [-tɑ:p] noun countable usually plural
shout/proclaim sth from the rooftops
■to say something publicly 公开宣布；公开谈论
• I'm so in love I want to shout your name from the rooftops. 我太爱你了，真想对整个世界大喊你的名字。
n. 屋顶
 - housetop

Word: lighten
Front: lighten
[ˈlaɪtn] (四六 8581/11353 -1)
Vocabulary: lighten
(once / 249 pages)
v
To lighten something is to make it brighter or shine a light on it. You can lighten your dark basement room with plenty of lamps and a coat of white paint.
Besides "make lighter or illuminate," another meaning of lighten is "make lighter in weight." So you can lighten your load by taking all the heavy books out of your backpack. Figuratively, "to lighten" is to be more cheerful or relaxed, as in: "She decided to lighten the somber mood in the room by telling a few of her funniest knock-knock jokes."
WORD FAMILY
lighten: enlighten, lightened, lightening, lightens+/ enlighten: enlightened, enlightening, enlightenment, enlightens/ enlightened: enlightenedest, enlightenedly, unenlightened/enlightening: enlighteningly, unenlightening/ enlightenment: enlightenments, unenlightenment/ light: light-colored, lighted, lighten, lighter, lightest, lighting, lightless, lightly, lightness, lights, lightsome /lighted: unlighted/lightening: lightenings/lighter: lighterage, lightered, lightering, lighters/lighting: lightings/lightless: lightlessness/lightness: lightnesses/ lightsome: lightsomely, lightsomeness, lightsomer, lightsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The morning of 22 April 2014 is beginning to lighten and he contemplates the wreckage of an unfinished season, a career rocked, a dream soured.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
But in the greenhouse, his mood lightens and he chats about his peppers, hanging red on the vine, and columns of kale.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Part of the issue is that markets are now driven by lightening quick, complex, computerized trading programs at the big banks and investment funds.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某物）更明亮
vi. 点亮; 减轻
时态：lightened, lightening, lightens
分布：照亮(84%)，使变淡(8%)，闪电(8%)
→来自light,轻的。
US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE BRIGHT 使光明
intransitive
■to become less dark 变浅，变淡
• The sky had lightened and there were breaks in the clouds. 天空变亮了，云也渐渐散开了。
Opposite darken
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE LESS HEAVY 减轻
lighten sb's burden/load, etc.
■to make a difficult situation or responsibility easier 减轻（某人的）负担／压力等
• Getting a new assistant will lighten (= reduce) the workload considerably. 配备一名新助手会极大地减轻工作压力。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE PALE 使变淡
transitive
■to make something lighter 使变淡，使变浅
• The sun always lightens my hair. 在阳光下，我的头发颜色总是显得浅些。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE LESS SERIOUS 减轻
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) become happier and less worried （使）心情好转，（使）高兴起来
• His mood lightened after the phone call. 他打完电话后情绪好了起来。
• He tried to lighten the atmosphere by telling a joke. 他想透过讲笑话来缓解一下气氛。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] lighten sth up
■to make a speech or piece of writing less serious 使…轻松活泼，使…不那么严肃
• I thought I'd slip in a few jokes to lighten up the talk. 我本想在讲话中加几个笑话来调剂一下气氛。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lighten up informal
■to become more relaxed and less serious 放松，缓和
• Oh, lighten up! I was only joking! 哦，别紧张！我只是在开玩笑！
• I wish she'd lighten up a bit. 我希望她能放松一些。
vi. 减轻；发亮
 - lamp, to alleviate
vt. 使照亮；使轻松
 - rest

Word: absorption
Front: absorption
[əbˈsɔ:pʃn] (六托 8596/5819)
Vocabulary: absorption
(once / 1310 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Absorption describes the process of absorbing or soaking up something: Sponges are good at water absorption; dark colors are better for heat absorption.
Because the words absorption and absorb are so closely related, there's a tendency for people to try to spell absorption with a second B instead of a P, but don't fall for it. Remembering the correct spelling is going to take total absorption in studying — meaning you'll have to be totally focused and occupied with learning it.
WORD FAMILY
absorption: absorptions, self-absorption+/ absorb: absorbable, absorbate, absorbed, absorbent, absorber, absorbing, absorbs, absorption, absorptive, reabsorb/absorbed: absorbedly, self-absorbed/absorbency: nonabsorbency/absorbent: absorbency, absorbents, nonabsorbent/absorber: absorbers/absorbing: absorbingly/ absorptive: absorptivity, nonabsorptive/reabsorb: reabsorbed, reabsorbing, reabsorbs, reabsorption
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Yoshoku” is the term used to describe the absorption of American and European dishes into Japanese cuisine.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Absorption in a state of distraction, the default mode in the digital era, is both method and message.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
B12 deficiency is also more common in the elderly because of dietary, digestive and absorption problems.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 吸收; 专注; 合并
分布：合并(82%)，同化(18%)
US [-'zɔ:rp-] noun uncountable
TAKING IN 吸收
■the process of taking something into another substance 吸收
• Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption through the skin. 一些有毒气体可以透过皮肤吸收进入体内。
UK [əb'zɔ:p.ʃən] US [-'zɔ:rp-] noun uncountable
INTEREST VERY MUCH 很有兴趣
■complete interest in something 着迷，全神贯注
• Her absorption in her work is so great that she thinks about nothing else. 她工作专心致志，心无旁骛。
⇒ See also self-absorption
n. 吸收；全神贯注，专心致志
 - merger, assimilation

Word: housewife
Front: housewife
[ˈhaʊswaɪf] (高研四六 8592/5741 -1)
Back: n. 家庭主妇; 家庭妇女
分布：家庭主妇(94%)，针线盒(6%)
→比喻用法。
n.家庭主妇The mouse's tearing the blouse and trousers aroused the housewife's anger.老鼠撕咬短衫和裤子激起了主妇的怒火.
noun countable (plural housewives)
 IMPROVER
■a woman whose work is inside the home, doing the cleaning, cooking, etc., and who usually does not have any other job 家庭主妇，家庭妇女
n. 家庭主妇
 - materfamilias, frow

Word: apprentice
Front: apprentice
[əˈprentɪs] (托雅宝 8593/6050 -1)
Vocabulary: apprentice
(once / 540 pages)
nv
An apprentice is someone who learns a trade. An apprentice farmer is paid very little but has the chance to learn farming by watching and doing.
In the old days, becoming an apprentice was the only way to get into many lines of work. Nowadays we think of it more in terms of trades — butchers, bakers, bricklayers, etc. If you do the same thing in an office setting, it's usually called an internship, but the idea is the same — learning by watching an expert. The word can be used as either a noun or verb: You are an apprentice, but you also can apprentice to the barber down the street.
WORD FAMILY
apprentice: apprenticed, apprentices, apprenticeship, apprenticing+/ apprenticeship: apprenticeships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “Apprentice” franchise, however,  is only two years younger than “Idol.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
To further complicate matters, Trump retains a producing stake in “The New Celebrity Apprentice.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Trump's 11-year stint on "The Apprentice" and sister show "Celebrity Apprentice" catapulted him from New York businessman to a household name.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 学徒，徒弟; 新手
vt. 使…做学徒
时态：apprenticed, apprenticing, apprentices
分布：学徒(95%)，见习生(4%)，使当学徒(1%)
【记】app读：我怕，rent租金。我怕租金。因为我是学徒，手艺还没学会呢，饭还吃不饱呢，没钱交租金。
US [-tˌɪs] noun countable
■someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills 学徒；徒弟
• Most of the work was done by apprentices. 大部分工作是由学徒做的。
• an apprentice carpenter 木工学徒
UK [ə'pren.tɪs] US [-tˌɪs] verb transitive usually passive old use
■to make someone an apprentice 使当学徒
• Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio in Florence for three years. 米开朗基罗曾在佛罗伦斯师从吉尔兰达约三年。
n. 学徒； [劳经] 生手
 - freshman, fresh hand

Word: moth
Front: moth
[mɒθ] (托 8580/8996 -1)
Back: n. 飞蛾，蛾子
分布：蛾(95%)，蠹(5%)
→来自古英语mothe,蛾子，来自mu,蚊子，小昆虫，拟声词，模仿蚊子嗡嗡的声音，词源同moth,midge.
【记】《沉默的羔羊》的宣传画报上moth和mouth在一起
【反】moth-eaten（adj 虫蛀的；破旧的）－fresh and new
US [mɑ:θ] noun countable
■an insect with wings which is similar to a butterfly , usually flies at night, and is attracted to light 蛾，飞蛾
• Some types of moth eat holes in clothes. 某些种类的飞蛾会蛀蚀衣物。
n. [昆] 蛾；蛀虫
 - miller, deathwatch beetle

Word: outward
Front: outward
[ˈaʊtwəd] (高研四六托 8599/8743 -1)
Back: adj. 向外的; 外面的; 公开的; [宗]肉体上的
adv. 向外（等于outwards）; 在外
n. 外表; 外面; 物质世界
分布：向外的(28%)，向外(21%)，在外(17%)，表面的(17%)，外部的(13%)，表面(4%)
→out-,向外，-ward,朝向。
a.外面的,公开的,向外的ad.向外,在外n.外表Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
ON OUTSIDE 外面的
[before noun]
■relating to how people, situations or things seem to be, rather than how they are inside 外表的，外面的
• The outward appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years. 这幢大楼的外观200年里丝毫未变。
• If he is suffering, he certainly shows no outward sign of it. 即使他很痛苦，他也肯定不会表露一点出来。
• To all outward appearances everything was fine, but under the surface the marriage was very shaky. 表面看来，一切都很好，但实际上这段婚姻很不稳固。
Compare inward
UK ['aʊt.wəd] US [-wɚd] adjective
GOING AWAY 对外的
■away from the centre 向外的
• outward investment (= investment in other companies/countries) 对外投资
• We have the chance to build an outward -looking Europe that lives up to its global responsibilities. 我们有机会建设一个“外向型”欧洲，它能够真正担当起其世界责任。
Compare inward
[before noun]
■going towards a particular place, rather than returning from it 出发去某地（和从某地返回相对）
• The outward flight/journey took eight hours. 这趟出国飞行／旅行全程花了八个小时。
Compare return
outward, outer, exterior, external, outside
这组词都有“外部的”的意思，其区别是：
outward: 多指空间关系或方向上向外的。
outer: 主要提离开中心或内部较远的，或指比较在外的。
exterior: 强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分，较正式。
external: 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容，只说明全然是外部的。
outside: 指超出某种界限之外的。
adj. 向外的；外面的；公开的；外服的；肉体的
 - outer, outside, external, material, open
adv. 向外（等于outwards）；在外；显而易见地
 - forth, out
n. 外表；外面；物质世界
 - person, external, garment, without

Word: sizable
Front: sizable
['saɪzəbl] (8588/21072)
Back: adj. 相当大的，颇大的; 可观
分布：相当大的(100%)
adj. 相当大的；大小相当的
 - considerable, good-sized

Word: allude
Front: allude
[əˈlu:d] (托宝 8601/11377 -1)
Vocabulary: allude
(once / 181 pages)
v
When you allude to something, you don't identify it or mention it specifically. If you allude to the fact that a cop is sitting right behind you, your friends might stop talking about their plans to rob a bank.
Allude is from Latin allūdere "to play with, joke" from the prefix ad- "toward" plus lūdere "to play." The corresponding noun is allusion, which is often used of an indirect reference in literature: Helen, a fitting name for a woman of great beauty, is an allusion to Helen of Troy.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
allude / elude
Allude is coy, to allude is to refer to something in an indirect manner. But elude's favorite thing to do is hide from the cops; it means to evade. Because the accent is on the second syllable in both words, it's easy to get them mixed up.
To allude is to talk around something, give hints, and generally not say what you really want to say. You allude to something when you don't want to say it outright:
In fact, McCarthy alluded to Williams as being an afterthought in Green Bay's game plan. (Washington Post)
Your film alludes to various versions of the "sleeping beauty" myth — was there a single starting point? (New York Times)
To elude, on the other hand, is to get away. Elude does love hiding from the law, but it can also refer to an idea you can't grasp or cheap health care:
It was a secluded zone with no mobile telephone reception — perfect for eluding law enforcement snooping. (New York Times)
Gregory Standifer was arrested at the scene after allegedly attempting to elude police by jumping out of a window, police said. (Chicago Tribune)
How the aspiring artist achieved his accomplished technique eludes us. (New York Times)
Good, cheap health care has long eluded America. (Economist)
Allude to something by saying all but what you actually want to say. Elude evades and gets away, like a name that's on the tip of your tongue.
WORD FAMILY
allude: alluded, alludes, alluding, allusion, allusive +/ allusion: allusions/ allusive: allusively, allusiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he added that Russia would not act "in haste" and alluded to the upcoming change at the helm of the US.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
In this case, the story alludes to Pence’s comments to CBS on Oct.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“I thought it was fake news,” Spotted Eagle said, alluding to the hoaxes and conspiracy theories that dominated social media during the presidential campaign.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 暗指; 间接提到
时态：alluded, alluding, alludes
分布：暗指(55%)，暗示(45%)
→前缀al-同ad-.词根lud, 玩耍, 见ludic, 玩耍的。原指开玩笑，嘲笑，后暗指，影射。
【参】ludicrous（adj 滑稽的，愚蠢的）；elude（v 躲避，使…困惑）
【反】mention explicitly（明确提出）
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  allude to sb/sth formal
■to mention someone or something without talking about them directly 影射，暗指；间接提到
• She mentioned some trouble that she'd had at home and I guessed she was alluding to her son. 她提到家中有些麻烦事，我猜她是指她的儿子。

Word: hemisphere
Front: hemisphere
[ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)] (研六托雅宝 8591/5852 -1)
Vocabulary: hemisphere
(once / 885 pages)
n
A hemisphere is half of a sphere. If it’s a cold winter in the northern hemisphere, take a winter getaway to sunbathe somewhere in the southern hemisphere.
Hemisphere comes from the Greek, and combines the prefix hemi-, for "half," with sphere, or "perfectly round ball." We talk about the earth as divided at the equator into the northern and southern hemispheres (or divided at the prime meridian into eastern and western hemispheres). In biology, there are two cerebral, or brain, hemispheres — also known as the right and left sides of the brain.
WORD FAMILY
hemisphere: hemispheres, hemispheric, hemispherical+/hemispheric: hemispherically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family consists of more than 26,000 species, slightly more than half from the Eastern Hemisphere.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Naturally, the scan showed activity in parts of the left hemisphere associated with language.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The summer is usually the warmest time of the year by dint of the fact that there’s more land in the northern hemisphere.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 半球; 地球的半球; [解]大脑半球
分布：半球(100%)
→hemi-,半，词源同semi-,sphere,球。
半球(hemi[hemi-表示"半"]+sphere球)
n.半球The Northern Hemisphere is the part of the world north of the equator.北半球是地球赤道以北的部分.
【记】hemi一半＋sphere球
US [-sfɪr] noun countable
■half of a sphere , especially the Earth （尤指地球的）半球
• the northern hemisphere 北半球
n. [天] 半球
 - semisphere

Word: handicap
Front: handicap
[ˈhændikæp] (研六托雅 8589/4399 -2)
Vocabulary: handicap
(once / 1092 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A mental or physical disadvantage, such as blindness or a missing leg, is a handicap: something that disables you in some way. Handicaps can also be imposed artificially to even out the odds in sporting events.
A sporting handicap might be a faster horse carrying an extra weight, or a better golfer having a few strokes added to her score to make things more competitive. Sometimes fate imposes a handicap, as when bad weather handicaps your travel plans, or a strike handicaps the subway system. Handicap comes from the term hand in cap, an ancient British practice in which two bettors placed their money into a hat held by a neutral third party before a bet.
WORD FAMILY
handicap: handicapped, handicapper, handicapping, handicaps+/handicapper: handicappers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“They’re teaching little children and working with the handicapped and unwed mothers.”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He encouraged a life outside football and carried a single-digit handicap.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 障碍; 缺陷; 不利条件; 给弱者增加的杆数（按击球次数计数，并随参赛者的进步而减少）
vt. 妨碍，使不利; 使（某人）行动和生活不正常
时态：handicapped, handicapping, handicaps
分布：障碍(84%)，妨碍(16%)
→来自短语hand in cap,一种流行于17世纪的娱乐游戏，大致规则如下：甲乙双方有两件价值不同的物品，请丙当裁判来评估价差，然后补齐差价进行交换。同时，甲乙双方交纳保证金用手拿着放进帽子里，如果裁判丙估出的差价甲乙双方都同意的话，则他们进行物品交换，同时保证金归裁判，如果估出的差价甲乙双方都不同意的话，物品不交换，但是保证金也归裁判，如果一方同意另一方不同意，但是不同意的一方保证金归同意的一方，物品不交换，但可以避免更大程度损失。其中的关键在于裁判为使个人的利益最大化，势必要进行尽可能公正的估价，这样才会树立名声，别人才会找他，如果甲乙双方都认为裁判不公，则没人再找这个裁判。并由该游戏引申词义让步赛，如马赛，球赛，棋赛等等，以及用于指残疾人，生理缺陷的人，即需要让的人，含冒犯意。
v.妨碍n.(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;不利条件The handicapped man got a second-hand handout of shorthand handbook beforehand.残疾人事先得到了一本二手速记手册施舍品.
noun
CONDITION 情况
countable or uncountable slightly old-fashioned
■something that is wrong with your mind or body permanently （精神或肉体的）残疾，缺陷
• a physical handicap 身体残疾
• In cases of severe mental handicap, constant supervision is recommended. 对于严重的智障病人，建议进行不间断的监护。
['hæn.dɪ.kæp] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
countable
■something which makes it difficult for you to do something 障碍，阻碍
• I found not having a car quite a handicap in the country. 我发现在这个国家没有汽车非常不方便。
['hæn.dɪ.kæp] noun
COMPETITION 竞争
countable
■a disadvantage given to a person taking part in a game or competition in order to reduce their chances of winning, or a sports event in which such disadvantages are given （让步赛中对强者施加的）不利条件；让步赛，让分比赛
• Handicaps give people with different abilities an equal chance of winning. 让步赛给具有不同能力的人同等的获胜机会。
• My current golf handicap is nine. 我现在的高尔夫让分是九杆。
['hæn.dɪ.kæp] verb transitive (-pp-)
■to make something more difficult to do 阻碍
• Rescue efforts have been handicapped by rough seas and hurricane-force winds. 救援工作受到了大浪和飓风的阻碍。
n. 障碍；不利条件，不利的因素
 - obstacle, let, bar, dam, disadvantage
vt. 妨碍，阻碍；使不利
 - let, slow

Word: decision-making
Front: decision-making
[dɪ'sɪʒn 'meɪkɪŋ] (-2)
Back: n. 决策
adj. 决策的; 做出决策
分布：决策(74%)，决策的(26%)
N-UNCOUNT
(尤指大型机构或政府的）决策（过程）
Decision-making is the process of reaching decisions, especially in a large organization or in government.
例：She wants to see more women involved in decision making...她希望看到有更多的女性参与决策。
例：Shortening the decision-making process would provide one solution.缩短决策过程会是一个解决办法。
adj. 决策的
 - policy-making
n. 决策
 - counsel, policy-making

Word: normative
Front: normative
[ˈnɔ:mətɪv] (8619/13073 -1)
Vocabulary: normative
(once / 62537 pages)
adj
Something pertaining to norms — something normal or typical — can be described as normative. Temper tantrums, whining, and even hitting are all normative behaviors — if you're three. If you're thirty, you might have a problem.
The adjective normative can also mean prescribing rules or standards. The U.S. government's normative rules for living in American society mean that you have freedom of speech, for example, but you don't have the right to slander or libel someone. The words "norm" and "normal" are related to normative, which comes from the French normatif, which itself is from the Latin word norma, "a carpenter's square."
WORD FAMILY
normative: nonnormative
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were, generally, in favor of order and had a propensity toward the broadly normative, a certain squareness.
The New Yorker(Jul 04, 2016)
“It’s a different way of keeping track of a normative set of information,” he says.
The Guardian(Oct 17, 2016)
But the proposed legislation is fundamentally flawed and out of touch with normative ethical medical and public-policy decisions.
Washington Post(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 标准的，规范的
分布：规范的(62%)，标准的(32%)，基准的(6%)
ADJ
规范的;标准的
Normative means creating or stating particular rules of behaviour.
例：Normative sexual behaviour in our society remains heterosexual.我们社会标准的性行为仍旧是异性间的。
例：...a normative model of teaching.教学的标准模式
adj. 规范的，标准的
 - standard, prescriptive

Word: phony
Front: phony
['fəʊni:] (宝 8590/38615)
Vocabulary: phony
(once / 5263 pages)
adjn
Whether you're talking about your attitude, a gigantic diamond, or that obnoxious guy's claims that he knows everything about quantum physics, you can use phony to say that something’s not real.
Use the adjective phony to describe anything that’s fake. If you’re making phony money in the basement, you’ll be in trouble if you get caught using it. Phony has a noun version with a similar meaning. If you say someone or something is a phony, then you’re saying it isn’t what it pretends to be. Someone who’s a phony isn’t sincere, like your classmate who pretended to be your best friend just to try to steal your boyfriend.
WORD FAMILY
phony: phonier, phonies, phoniest, phonily
USAGE EXAMPLES
They include fake IRS calls, bogus sweepstakes, phony grandchild in distress calls and romance scams.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It described an elaborate system in which Conn paid doctors and a judge to rubber-stamp disability claims, using phony medical evidence.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
False returns typically reported inflated or fictitious income from a sole proprietorship and claimed phony dependents to generate an Earned Income Tax Credit.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. <口>假的，欺骗的
n. <口>赝品，骗人的东西; 骗子
级别：phonier, phoniest
分布：假的(37%)，骗子(20%)，伪造的(13%)，赝品(12%)，欺骗的(8%)，表声音(5%)，假货(5%)
→来自phoney的美式拼写。
【源】原指：凤尼，即，骗子用的镀金铜戒指－假的
adj. 假的，欺骗的
 - spurious, unreal
n. 假冒者；赝品
 - personator, stumour

Word: furnishings
Front: furnishings
[ˈfɜ:nɪʃɪŋz] (8603/- -1)
Back: 穿戴用品; 摆设儿; 陈设
分布：家具(82%)，设备(13%)，穿戴用品(2%)，服饰用品(1%)，室内陈设品(1%)，名词furnishing的复数形式.(1%)
US ['fɝ:-] plural noun
■the furniture, curtains and other decorations in a room or building 家俱；室内陈设
• Bathroom furnishings are in the basement of the store, Sir. 卫浴设备在商场的底层，先生。
n. 家具；供应；穿戴用品（furnishing的复数）
 - fittings

Word: alternate
Front: alternate
[ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət] (研六托雅宝 7396/9515 -2)
Vocabulary: alternate
(once / 153 pages)
1v 2vnadj 3adj
On a checkerboard, black squares alternate with white ones. As a verb, alternate means to do something in turns. As a noun, an alternate is a replacement.
While the noun and verb seem not to mean the same thing, think of it this way: If you are brought on in a game to be someone's alternate, you are there to take their turn. Alternate can also be used as an adjective, meaning different or other. An alternate view of history is one that looks at the past from an uncommon perspective. Pay attention to the pronunciation of alternate: as a verb the end is pronounced "-nāt" and as a noun or adjective "-nət."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
alternate / alternative
To alternate is to take turns; an alternative is an option. When you wear your checkered blazer, the black and white squares alternate. But if you're not feeling like an '80s guitar hero, the green plaid jacket is a nice alternative.
Alternate can act a noun, verb, or an adjective, that nut. As a noun, it's a substitute, like the alternate who takes over for you in a game or in a jury:
Several, including alternates, have taken notes and kept lists of evidence. (Washington Post)
As a verb it refers to the act of something going back and forth:
So it went on all day—heavy showers that lasted for a few minutes alternating with brief, bright intervals. (Mrs. Herbert Strang)
As an adjective, it describes two options taken in turns:
The alternate jersey will have an interlocking SD on the left chest. (Washington Post)
Alternative can be an adjective or noun, too. As an adjective it describes something available as another choice, including alternative lifestyles. As a noun, it means one of two or more choices. Here are some alternative sentences:
Some harriers have evolved an alternative lifestyle — cross-dressing. (New York Times)
Diaspora, an alternative to Facebook, was founded by four New York University students in 2010. (Washington Post)
People often say alternate when they mean alternative, maybe because it's shorter. No one's going to freak out if you mix them up, but use alternate for what those checkerboard squares do on your rock star blazer, and save alternative to describe the music it makes you want to crank up.
WORD FAMILY
alternate: alternated, alternately, alternates, alternating, alternatingly, alternation, alternative +/alternation: alternations/ alternative: alternatively, alternatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s sort of an alternate version of Proksch’s own story, a version that corresponds more closely with reality than what happened to him.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On December 4th, the Army Corps announced that it would look for an alternate route.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The archive contains typescripts of his novels, often affixed with alternate titles.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 轮流的; 交替的; 间隔的; 代替的
vi. 交替; 轮流
vt. 使交替; 使轮流
n. 〈美〉（委员）代理人; 候补者; 替换物
时态：alternated, alternating, alternates
分布：交替(60%)，轮流(20%)，交替的(10%)，间隔的(5%)，轮流的(3%)，代替者(1%)，供替代的选择(1%)
→alter, 改变，轮流。字母n, 插入鼻音字母，方便读音。
a.交替的,轮流的v.(使)交替,(使)轮流The tilted salt filters halt alternately for altering.倾斜的盐过滤器交替地停下以便改造.
US [ˈɑːl.ţə˞-]
 ADVANCED intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to happen or exist one after the other repeatedly 轮流，交替
• She alternated between cheerfulness and deep despair. 她时而情绪亢奋，时而又深陷绝望之中。
 ADVANCED transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make something happen or exist one after the other repeatedly 使轮流，使交替
• He alternated working in the office with long tours overseas. 他在办公室工作一段时间后就会安排一次海外长途旅行。
adjective [before noun] UK [ɒlˈtɜː.nət] US [ɑːlˈtɜ˞ː-/
■with first one thing, then another thing, and then the first thing again 轮流的，交替的
• a dessert with alternate layers of chocolate and cream 巧克力和鲜奶油层叠的甜点
■If something happens on alternate days, it happens every second day 间隔的；每隔（…时间）的
• Private cars are banned from the city on alternate days. 该市私家车限隔日出行。
US (UK alternative)
■An alternate plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one. 供选择的，供替换的
vi. 交替；轮流
 - turn by one's, take one's turn
vt. 使交替；使轮流
 - rotate
adj. [物] 交替的；轮流的
 - rotary, vicissitudinary
n. 替换物
 - refill

Word: catfish
Front: catfish
[ˈkætfɪʃ] (8597/17855)
Back: n. 鲶鱼，鲇（多为淡水鱼）
分布：鲶鱼(100%)
→由cat和fish构成的组合词。因其须形如猫的触须而得名。
noun countable
■a fish with a flat head and long hairs around its mouth, which lives in rivers or lakes 鲇鱼

Word: cavalry
Front: cavalry
[ˈkævlri] (宝 8595/8043 -2)
Vocabulary: cavalry
(once / 214 pages)
n
A cavalry is a group of soldiers who fight on horses. Cavalry can also refer to any military unit that is quick and mobile.
If a general said, "Send in the cavalry!" you can be sure a group of soldiers are being called upon. The only question is whether the cavalry is the traditional sort or if the word is being used more loosely. Traditionally, a cavalry is a unit of troops on horseback. When horses where a primary means of transportation, cavalries were a common part of war. Since then, a cavalry might be any unit of soldiers that can be quickly deployed.
WORD FAMILY
cavalry: cavalries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gen. Walter S. Ingalls from Washington, D.C., to ship all horses used by cavalry troops of the Arizona National Guard to Carlsbad, New Mexico.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But just like the cavalry used to ride to the rescue, Air Force Major Troy Gilbert miraculously appeared from over the horizon.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Military Academy at West Point, served as a cavalry officer in the Army and earned a law degree from Harvard.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 骑兵（队）; 骑兵部队，装甲部队; 骑者
分布：名词(100%)
骑兵[caval=horse(马)]
noun uncountable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the group of soldiers in an army who fight in tanks , or (especially in the past) on horses 机械化部队，装甲部队；（尤指旧时的）骑兵 Compare infantry
n. 骑兵；装甲兵；装甲部队
 - horse, trooper

Word: cleric
Front: cleric
[ˈklerɪk] (8613/12333 -1)
Back: n. 牧师; 神职人员
adj. 牧师的; 教士的
分布：神职人员(93%)，宗教领袖(7%)
→来自clergy,神职人员。
noun countable
■a priest 教士，牧师；神职人员；僧侣
• a Buddhist/Catholic/Muslim cleric 佛教僧侣／天主教／穆斯林神职人员
n. 牧师；传教士
 - minister, priest, preacher, Holy Joe
adj. 牧师的，教士的
 - pastoral, ecclesiastical

Word: affective
Front: affective
[əˈfektɪv] (六托 8614/16726)
Vocabulary: affective
(once / 23452 pages)
adj
Affective is a word that crops up a lot in psychology—it means having to do with emotions or moods. Affective disorders are characterized by mood swings.
It can be tricky to remember the difference between effective and affective (but easier than distinguishing between effect and affect). Effective makes a judgment about how something works—an effective strategy is one that works well. Affective is about how someone acts, or feels.
WORD FAMILY
affective: affectively+/ affect: affectation, affected, affecting, affectional, affective, affects, disaffect/ affectation: affectations/ affected: affectedest, affectedly, affectedness, ill-affected, unaffected / affecting: affectingly, unaffecting/affectional: affectionally/disaffect: disaffected, disaffecting, disaffection, disaffects/disaffection: disaffections/ unaffected: unaffectedly, unaffectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Mississippi Department of Mental Health says this depression for many is part of seasonal affective disorder.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
But technologies are not only effective at achieving or thwarting the aims of those who encounter them, but are affective.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Get as much natural light as you can if you are fighting seasonal depression or wintertime seasonal affective disorder.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 情感的，表达感情的
分布：情感的(100%)
令人感动的(affect感动+ive表示主动的形容词→令人感动的)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]

Word: fig
Front: fig
[fɪg] (宝 7542/1254 -1)
Vocabulary: fig
(once / 1761 pages)
1n 2n
A fig is a flowering tree that grows in warm climates. The fruit that grows on a fig is also called a fig.
The fig, or fig tree, is happiest in dry, sunny climates like those in the Middle East and the Mediterranean region. The figs that grow on these trees is very sweet, with a green skin that ripens to a purple, brown, or yellowish color. An interesting quirk of the fig is that it needs a specific type of wasp for pollination in order to produce seeds. The Latin root of fig is ficus.
WORD FAMILY
fig: figged, figging, figs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other factions call clean coal a fig leaf to keep coal, with all of its environmental baggage, in the energy mix.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Many were wreathed in strangler figs, called matapalos, or tree killers.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
There’s underfloor heating, and from a £20 candle, the smell of figs.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 无花果; 无花果树
分布：无花果树(73%)，无价值的东西(12%)，少许(8%)，服装(7%)
→来自拉丁语ficus, 无花果树。来自希伯来闪语。
【记】fig＝Figo（葡萄牙国家队右前卫）现效力于皇家马德里，由于处于中场位置，进球不多，但是助攻极有威胁，自己不开花，帮助别人结果－无花果
noun countable
■a sweet, soft, purple or green fruit with many seeds, or a tree on which these grow 无花果；无花果树
[fɪg] noun countable
not care/give a fig old-fashioned
■to not be at all worried by or interested in something 对…丝毫不在乎；完全不把…放在心上
• They can say what they like. I don't give a fig. 他们喜欢说甚么都行。我根本不在乎。
n. [园艺] 无花果；无花果树；少许，一些；无价值的东西；服装
 - some of, clothing, little, garment, touch
vt. 打扮；使马跑快
 - dress oneself, array

Word: epic
Front: epic
[ˈepɪk] (托宝 8602/11865 -2)
Vocabulary: epic
(once / 591 pages)
1nadj 2adj
An epic is a long poem or other work of art celebrating heroic feats. After you sail around the world for seven years, fighting corruption and planting vegetable gardens, some poet will surely write the epic of your adventures.
Epic comes from the Greek for song, because Greek poets like Homer sung their poems. We tend to use epic for long, ambitious novels or movies, especially if they involve a long journey. Epic can be used as an adjective to describe something historically important, lasting and complex. Perhaps your great-grandfather was a soldier in the epic struggle of World War One. Your three day, sleepless card poker game could be described as epic.
WORD FAMILY
epic: epical, epically, epics
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as bad as those floods were, they paled in comparison to the epic floods that hit southern Louisiana in August.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Their epic pursuit of the perfect card requires years of scouting, months of planning and hours of driving.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 叙事诗; 史诗; 史诗般的作品
adj. 史诗般的，叙事诗的; 宏大的，壮丽的，英雄的; 壮丽的
分布：史诗(82%)，史诗的(7%)，叙事诗(4%)，宏大的(3%)，叙事诗的(2%)，壮丽的(2%)
→来自wekw, 说，叙述，词源同voice, invoke.
【记】读：挨批课。上课时赶上老师心情不好，念一段巨长的诗史批评你。这种方法确实是超凡脱俗，不同一般。E张黄色pic－超凡脱俗，不同一般的
【反】modest（adj 谦虚的；适度的）
noun countable
■a film, poem or book which is long and contains a lot of action, usually dealing with a historical subject （通常指描写历史题材的）长篇叙事式电影（或书籍）；史诗
• It's one of those old Hollywood epics with a cast of thousands. 这是老牌的好莱坞史诗电影之一，演员阵容达到数千人。
['ep.ɪk] adjective
■in the style of an epic 史诗般的；鸿篇巨制的；壮丽的
• an epic film about the Roman Empire 古罗马帝国题材的史诗电影
■describes events that happen over a long period and involve a lot of action and difficulty 艰苦卓绝的；漫长而艰难的
• an epic journey/struggle 漫长艰难的旅途／艰苦卓绝的斗争
■informal
■extremely large 宏大的；极大规模的：
• The problem of inflation has reached epic proportions. 通货膨胀问题已经到了极其严重的地步。
adj. 史诗的，叙事诗的
 - rhapsodical
n. 史诗；叙事诗；史诗般的作品
 - epos, heroic

Word: hand-held
Front: hand-held
[ˈhændˌheld] None
Back: adj. 手提式的，便携式的; 掌上型的
n. 手提式的报话机; 手提的
分布：便携式的(50%)，手提式的(50%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes something that has been designed so that it can be held and used easily with one or two hands 手提式的；携带型的
• a hand-held computer/device 手提式电脑／设备
adj. 手提式的，便携式的
 - portable, luggable

Word: rogue
Front: rogue
[rəʊg] (8604/9553 -1)
Vocabulary: rogue
(once / 468 pages)
n
A rogue is a sneaky person who has tricks up his sleeve, not like a magician, but like someone who would steal your wallet or cheat at cards.
Dishonesty won’t get you far in life, unless you are a rogue who survives by lying and exploiting others. The word comes from the Latin rogare, which means “beg,” and while some rogues dress like beggars to get your money, anyone who deceives is a rogue, like the presidents of corrupt corporations who steal from their employees, or that rogue Uncle Marvin who promises you chocolate for washing his car, but afterward tells you he has no chocolate. That rogue!
WORD FAMILY
rogue: roguery, rogues, roguish +/roguery: rogueries/ roguish: roguishly, roguishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rogue One and Sing led the way over the New Year’s holiday.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Or a rogue trader who loses billions of dollars and ends up in prison.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Filmmakers are tapping advances in digital technology to resurrect characters after a performer dies, most notably in "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 流氓，无赖; 调皮捣蛋的人人; 离群的野兽
vt. 欺骗; [农]去劣
vi. [农]淘汰劣种; 流浪
分布：流氓(77%)，游手好闲(8%)，欺诈(5%)，调皮鬼(4%)，去劣(4%)，离群凶猛的(1%)，离群野兽(1%)
→可能来自拉丁语 rogere,要求，乞求，词源同 reach,arrogant.引申词义乞丐，后用于指死讨白 要的无赖，恶棍。
无赖,骗子(无理要求者)"[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
US [roʊg] adjective [before noun]
■behaving in ways that are not expected or not normal, often in a destructive way 异常的；行为失常的；常制造麻烦的
• a rogue state 流氓国家
• rogue cells 变态细胞
■specialized
■A rogue animal is a dangerous wild animal that lives apart from the rest of its group. （野兽）离群而危险的
UK [rəʊg] US [roʊg] noun countable old-fashioned humorous
■a person who behaves badly but who you still like 捣蛋鬼，调皮鬼
• "Come here, you little rogue!" chuckled my uncle. “到这里来，你这个小坏蛋！”我叔叔咯咯地笑着说。
• The women all think he's a loveable old rogue. 在所有女人眼里，他是个可爱的老活宝。
old-fashioned
■a dishonest or bad man 无赖，流氓，恶棍
n. 流氓；小淘气；凶猛的离群兽；（尤指植物的） [遗] 劣种
 - swashbuckler, rapscallion
vi. 游手好闲；去劣；流浪
 - fool about, goof off
vt. 欺诈；去劣
 - rip off
adj. （野兽）凶猛的
 - fierce, fell

Word: piss
Front: piss
[pɪs] (8598/8297 -2)
Back: n. 尿; 小便
vi. 撒尿; 倾盆而下
vt. 撒尿弄脏
时态：pissed, pissing, pisses
分布：尿(49%)，小便(36%)，走开(5%)，使厌烦(5%)，使生气(5%)
→拟声词，撒尿声。
[pɪs] offensive
noun [S or U]
■urine 尿，小便
• There was piss all over the floor. 地板上到处是尿。
• I need a piss. 我要去小便。
• He's having a piss. 他正在小便。
[pɪs] offensive
noun [S or U]
take the piss (out of) sb or sth UK offensive
■to make a joke about someone or make them look silly 取笑
• They're always taking the piss out of him because he's a Barry Manilow fan. 他们总是取笑他，因为他是巴瑞‧曼尼洛的狂热崇拜者。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
■to pass urine 撒尿，解小便
• That dog keeps pissing on our fence. 那只狗总是在我们的栅栏上撒尿。
piss yourself
■to urinate over yourself and the clothes you are wearing 尿裤子
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
be pissing in the wind
■to be trying to do something when there is no hope of succeeding 浪费时间做不可能成功的事，白费心机
• You can try to change her mind if you like, but you'll be pissing in the wind. 你愿意的话可以试着让她改变主意，但你只会是浪费时间。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
piss yourself (laughing)
■to laugh very much 大笑不止；笑破肚皮
• There I was writhing in agony on the floor and you lot were pissing yourselves laughing! 当时我痛苦得在地上翻滚，而你们这群人却笑得前仰后翻！
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  intransitive or transitive piss (sb) about/around UK offensive
■to behave in a stupid way or to treat someone badly 无所事事；游手好闲；粗暴地对待（某人）
• Look, we haven't got much time so stop pissing about. 听着，我们时间不多了，别再无所事事地浪费时间了。
• Stop pissing me about and just tell me where they are. 别再浪费我的时间了，告诉我他们在哪里。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] piss sth away
■to waste an opportunity 浪费（机会）
• This is your last chance to win the league so don't piss it away. 这是你们赢得联赛的最后机会，别浪费了。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  intransitive piss down UK offensive
■to rain heavily 下大雨
• It 's really pissing (it) down here at the moment. 此时这里正下着滂沱大雨。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  piss off UK offensive
■to leave or go away, used especially as a rude way of telling someone to go away 溜走；滚开
• Everyone just pissed off and left me to clean up. 大家都溜走了，留下我一个人来打扫。
• Why don't you just piss off - you've caused enough problems already! 你为甚么不滚开呢——你惹的麻烦已经够多了！
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  piss sb off (also pee sb off)
■to annoy someone 令（某人）恼火
• He never does any washing-up and it's starting to piss me off. 他从来不洗碗，这开始让我恼火了。
vi. 小便
 - pass water, urinate
n. 小便
 - pumpship, pee-pee
int. 呸！
 - shucks

Word: entrepreneurial
Front: entrepreneurial
[ˌɒntrəprə'nɜ:rɪəl] (8612/10421 -1)
Vocabulary: entrepreneurial
(once / 7870 pages)
adj
You can call someone willing to take financial risks in new ventures entrepreneurial. Caught up in the entrepreneurial spirit, you felt like a modern-day pioneer braving the wild frontier of business. Then you ran out of lemonade.
Entrepreneurial is the adjective form of the noun "entrepreneur," someone investing in risky financial situations. The base noun can be traced to the Latin prendere, "to take," and the 19th Century French entrepreneur, "one who undertakes or manages." It often involves a risky undertaking, however, including the possibility of losing everything. The 19th-Century English Physicist Michael Faraday once broke it down this way: “The five essential entrepreneurial skills for success are concentration, discrimination, organization, innovation and communication.”
WORD FAMILY
entrepreneur: entrepreneurial, entrepreneurs
USAGE EXAMPLES
So there is something entrepreneurial, creative and rebellious about it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
That entrepreneurial spark also highlights challenges facing the economy, from difficulty re-entering the job market to the diminishing role of fast-growing young firms.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Entrepreneurial OTC firms will do well in the digital trading age.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 创业的，具有企业精神的; 企业性质的
分布：企业家的(95%)，企业性质的(5%)
ADJ-GRADED
具有企业家素质的;富于企业家精神的
Entrepreneurial means having the qualities that are needed to succeed as an entrepreneur.
例：...her prodigious entrepreneurial flair.她出色的企业家才能
adj. 企业家的，创业者的；中间商的
 - enterpreneurial

Word: seduce
Front: seduce
[sɪˈdju:s] (托 8606/9673 -2)
Vocabulary: seduce
(once / 807 pages)
v
To seduce is to lure or entice, particularly away from obligations or proper behavior. Often, seducing leads to sex.
Seduce means something close to attract, beguile, tempt, and mislead: a beautiful woman could seduce a dude, and a clever criminal could seduce the same dude into a life of crime. A gorgeous day could seduce you from doing your homework. When you're being seduced, it implies you're being tricked a little bit, often into something that's enticing but not so good. The word is used in a famous line from The Graduate: “Mrs. Robinson, you’re trying to seduce me.”
WORD FAMILY
seduce: seduced, seducer, seduces, seducing, seduction +/seducer: seducers/ seduction: seductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the moon, which seduces the grandfather with its promises of escape and redemption, presents its fabled “dark side” to his raving wife.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Just about every dish is photographed to seduce.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
I longed to leave Holland and when an older man seduced me into becoming his wife and moving to Java, I leapt at the opportunity.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 勾引，引诱; 诱奸（妇女）; 诱使…堕落; 迷惑，使入迷
时态：seduced, seducing, seduces
分布：引诱(47%)，勾引(34%)，怂恿(19%)
→se-,分开，-duc,拉，引导，词源同 traduce,conduct.即引偏，使偏离，引申诸相关词义。
勾引,诱惑(se+duce引→引开→勾引别人)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
勾引;诱奸(se离开+duce→引开→勾引)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【记】se色，duce引导－用美色引导－勾引；诱使
【参】seductive（adj 诱人的）
【反】discourage（v 使气馁；阻碍）
US [-'du:s] verb
PERSUADE 劝诱
transitive
■to persuade someone to have sex with you, often someone younger than you, who has little experience of sex 勾引；诱奸
• Pete lost his virginity at 15 when he was seduced by his best friend's mother. 皮特在15岁时失去童贞，那时他被他最好的朋友的母亲勾引。
UK [sɪ'dju:s] US [-'du:s] verb
ATTRACT 吸引
transitive usually passive
■to cause someone to do something that they would not usually consider doing by being very attractive and difficult to refuse 引诱，诱惑
• I wouldn't normally have bought this, but I was seduced by the low price. 我平常不买这种东西，但这次受到了低价的诱惑。
• They were seduced into buying the washing machine by the offer of a free flight to the United States. 他们受到赠送美国免费机票的诱惑，买下了洗衣机。
transitive usually passive
■If you are seduced by something, you like it because it seems attractive 吸引，迷住
• Almost every visitor to Edinburgh is seduced by its splendid architecture. 几乎每一位去爱丁堡的游客都被其辉煌的建筑所吸引。
vt. 引诱；诱惑；诱奸；怂恿
 - encourage, induce

Word: starving
Front: starving
['stɑ:vɪŋ] (8605/8523)
Back: adj. 饥饿，引申为供应不足; 挨饿的
v. （使）挨饿，饥饿( starve的现在分词 ); 缺乏，急需
分布：饥饿的(98%)，动词starve的现在分词形式.(2%)
US ['stɑ:r-] adjective
NO FOOD 缺乏食物
■dying because of not having enough food 饿得奄奄一息的，快饿死的
• The cats were neglected and starving. 那些猫无人照顾，饿得奄奄一息。
■informal
■very hungry 十分饥饿的，饿得要命的
• Isn't lunch ready yet? I'm starving. 午餐还没好吗？我快饿死了。
UK ['stɑ:.vɪŋ] US ['stɑ:r-] adjective
COLD 寒冷的
[after verb] Scottish English and Northern English
■extremely cold 极其寒冷的，酷寒的
• Could you put the heating on? I'm starving! 你能开暖气吗？我快冷死了！
adj. 饥饿的；挨饿的
 - hungry, peckish

Word: amaze
Front: amaze
[əˈmeɪz] (高研四六托雅 8607/11151 -K2)
Vocabulary: amaze
(once / 124 pages)
v
Things that amaze fill you with confusion and mystery — or they just impress you. Either way, amazing things make an impact.
There are two main meanings to amaze. The first has to do with causing a feeling of puzzlement or awe. An impressive magician amazes people with tricks. Anything impressive can also amaze. A great basketball player might amaze you with a rim-rattling dunk or by hitting dozens of free throws in a row. Things that amaze also astound, astonish, and impress. Amazing things are also awesome: in the old of sense "causing awe" and the recent sense of "really cool."
WORD FAMILY
amaze: amazed, amazement, amazes, amazing +/ amazed: amazedly/ amazement: amazements/ amazing: amazingest, amazingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I was in London recently, I raised it with one of the ministers, and they said: 'Yeah, it's amazing.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s amazing, overwhelming,” Long said afterward, wiping away tears.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The city handed over the rest of McMorran to Nancy Winzer, city recreation director, and she is doing amazing things with it, too.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使大为吃惊，使惊奇
n. 吃惊，好奇
时态：amazed, amazing, amazes
分布：吃惊(40%)，惊讶(25%)，使吃惊(20%)，好奇(10%)，使惊异(5%)
→前缀a-, 此处加强语气。maze, 迷宫。
vt.使惊奇,使惊愕;使困惑vi.表现出惊奇I was amazed at his rudeness.他的粗野使我大吃一惊.
verb transitive
■to cause someone to be extremely surprised 使大为惊奇，使惊愕
• [+ question word] I was amazed by how well he looked. 看到他气色这么好，我大为惊奇。
• You've done all your homework in an hour? You amaze me. 你在一小时内就把作业全做完了？太不简单了。
• [+ that] It amazes me that she's got the energy for all those parties. 她竟然有精力参加所有那些派对，真让我惊叹不已。
• [+ to infinitive] It amazes me to think that Anna is now in charge of the company. 安娜现在掌管了公司，我真是想都不敢想。
• It amazes me how you can put up with living in such a dirty house. 住在这种肮脏的房子里你也受得了，真有你的。
• It never ceases to amaze me how he can talk for so long without ever saying anything interesting. 他滔滔不绝那么久竟然说不出半点有趣的事，这本事真够让我惊奇一辈子的。
stun, astound, astonish, surprise, amaze, startle
这组词都有“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”的意思，其区别是：
stun: 语气最强，指极度惊讶而目瞪口呆，不知所措。
astound: 语气强，指由于事情令人难以置信或实在罕见而使人感到震惊。
astonish: 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。
surprise: 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。
amaze: 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。
startle: 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。
vt. 使吃惊
 - take aback, take by surprise

Word: wig
Front: wig
[wɪg] (宝 8616/8905 -2)
Back: n. 假发，法官帽; 〈美俚〉知识分子
vt. 斥责，痛骂; 给…装假发
分布：假发(95%)，呵斥(2%)，责骂(2%)，严斥(1%)
→缩写自periwig.
【记】和wag（n 幽默的人）有异曲同工之妙！
noun countable
■a covering of artificial hair worn on the head to hide a loss of hair or to cover your own hair 假发
• She was wearing a blonde wig. 她戴着金色的假发。
• In Britain, judges wear white wigs in court. 在英国，法官在法庭上戴白色的假发。
Compare toupée
n. [轻] 假发；要人；头脑
 - brain, personage
vt. 使戴假发；斥责
 - tongue, carpet
vi. 激动；发狂
 - warm, fire

Word: supernatural
Front: supernatural
[ˌsu:pəˈnætʃrəl] (托 8600/10234 -1)
Vocabulary: supernatural
(once / 538 pages)
adjn
If you enjoy a good story about vampires, witches, werewolves, or ghosts, you like reading about the supernatural — forces, beings, and events that are beyond what can be explained by nature.
Supernatural comes from the Latin word supernaturalis, meaning beyond nature. The adjective form of supernatural describes anything that pertains to or is caused by something that can't be explained by the laws of nature. It's interesting to ask your friends what kind of supernatural power they would choose to have. Most will probably wish for the ability to fly, though some will pick the supernatural power of being invisible.
WORD FAMILY
supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals+/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic / naturalist: naturalists/ naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/ unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The end is near: The supernatural drama “Grimm” airs the first of its final 13 episodes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There are plenty of films with friendly fathers, or clerics killed off as a device to kickstart a supernatural horror schlocker.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Supernatural Rick Springfield guest stars a rock star possessed by Lucifer in this repeat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 超自然的; 神的，与神有关的; 神奇的，运用神力的
n. 超自然的事物，超自然现象; [美剧]邪恶力量
分布：超自然的(85%)，神奇的(15%)
→super-,超过，nature,自然。
超自然的(super+natural自然的)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
US [-pɚ'nætʃ.ɚ-] adjective
■caused by forces that cannot be explained by science 超自然的，无法用科学解释的
• Ghosts and evil spirits are supernatural. 幽灵和魔鬼都是超自然的。
• She is said to have supernatural powers and to be able to communicate with the dead. 据说她有超自然的力量，能和死者沟通。
the supernatural
■things that cannot be explained by science 超自然的事物
• I don't believe in the supernatural. 我不相信有超自然的东西。
adj. 超自然的；神奇的，不可思议的
 - magic, mysterious
n. 超自然现象；不可思议的事
 - supranatural

Word: seating
Front: seating
[ˈsi:tɪŋ] (8611/11380 -1)
Back: n. 座位; 座位数; 椅料，椅垫; 骑姿，骑法
v. 为…领座; 为…提供座位
分布：座位(87%)，座位安排(9%)，底座(3%)，动词seat的现在分词形式.(1%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the seats which are provided in a place 座位
• The car has seating for six. 这辆汽车可坐六个人。
■how or where people will sit 座次；座席
• Have you worked out the seating arrangements/plan for the wedding reception? 你安排好婚宴的座席了吗？

Word: amenities
Front: amenities
[əˈmenɪti:z] (8617/-)
Vocabulary: amenities
(once / 3960 pages)
n
Amenities are the little things in life that make you comfortable — like more legroom on a flight or the chocolate on your hotel pillow.
The noun amenities is used for things that make life more pleasant or comfortable. They can take the form of luxurious perks like the hotel's spa and heart-shaped pool, or they could be more basic — like air conditioning during a heat wave or Internet service in a library.
WORD FAMILY
amenity: amenities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The park added some amenities over the years, but it’s stayed true to its back-to-nature philosophy, which hasn’t always pleased everyone.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“The amenities were good and the private woodland location was perfect.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 令人愉快的事物; 礼仪; 礼节; 便利设施; 礼仪( amenity的名词复数 ); 便利设施; （环境等的）舒适; （性情等的）愉快
分布：舒适(45%)，便利设施(37%)，适意(12%)，礼节.(6%)
N-COUNT
生活福利设施；便利设施
Amenities are things such as shopping centres or sports facilities that are provided for people's convenience, enjoyment, or comfort.
例：The hotel amenities include health clubs, conference facilities, and banqueting rooms.饭店的便利设施包括健身俱乐部、会议设施和宴会厅。

Word: renovate
Front: renovate
[ˈrenəveɪt] (研托宝 8620/11515 -1)
Vocabulary: renovate
(once / 1584 pages)
v
To renovate means to renew or rebuild so that something is in good condition. When you move into an old house, you will probably want to renovate the kitchen and bathrooms.
Most usages of the word renovate revolve around buildings and architecture. During a generation change in a neighborhood, retired people move out and young families move in. They want to give new life to the old house they have bought so they renovate it by painting, redoing the floors, etc. If you renovate a historic building, you restore to its original splendor. Think of this sense of renewal if something renovates your spirits.
WORD FAMILY
renovate: renovated, renovates, renovating, renovation, renovator+/ renovation: renovations/renovator: renovators
USAGE EXAMPLES
It aims to secure tenants, including community and cultural organizations, to renovate and use about 30 military buildings.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each one is an original work of architecture, newly constructed or newly renovated, that doesn’t look quite like anything else we’ve got.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
A capital campaign is expected to start by June to repair some of the stadium’s original brick structures and renovate the grandstand.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 翻新，修复，整修; 革新，更新; 恢复（精神）
adj. 恢复的，革新的，翻新的
时态：renovated, renovating, renovates
分布：翻新(44%)，革新(31%)，修理(17%)，刷新(8%)
→re-,再，重新，-nov,新的，词源同 new,novel.
翻新(re重新+nov+ate→重新翻新)[nov=new,表示"新的"]
v.更新,修复The machinery in this factory has been renovated.这个工厂的机器全部更新了.
【记】re再，nov＝new，ate：再次变成新的－修复
【反】cause to decay（使腐烂）
verb transitive
■to repair and improve something, especially a building 修复，翻新，整修（尤指建筑物）
• He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit. 他靠翻修老房子再出售赚钱。
vt. 更新；修复；革新；刷新
 - restore, reform

Word: coax
Front: coax
[kəʊks] (托宝 8609/11754 -1)
Vocabulary: coax
(once / 791 pages)
1v 2n
When you coax someone, you try to convince him gently, with pleasant words and maybe a little flattery. You’ll have to be patient, as you can’t rush someone you’re trying to coax.
When you coax, you have to be nice about it – you can’t threaten or force. You put on a little charm and gently urge, so that the person or thing is happy about being coaxed. You might coax the runaway elephant back into the zoo by patting her gently and talking into her ear. If you wake up with a terrible bedhead, you might coax your hair back into place with the help of a little hair gel and a comb.
WORD FAMILY
coax: coaxed, coaxer, coaxes, coaxing+/coaxer: coaxers/coaxing: coaxingly, coaxings
USAGE EXAMPLES
GOP leaders may need these lawmakers to advance on replacement legislation; coaxing them to a middle ground might not be possible.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She wept as friends coaxed her from the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
He prodded and coaxed and constantly pushed for a confession.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 哄; 用好话劝诱; 哄骗; 轻轻地弄好
vi. 哄劝，劝诱
n. 同轴电缆; 花言巧语; 油嘴滑舌的人
时态：coaxed, coaxing, coaxes
分布：哄(86%)，诱骗(8%)，灵巧慢慢地做(6%)
→来自cock拼写异体，俚语义笨蛋。
【参】hoax（vt 欺骗；戏弄）；coaxial（adj 同轴的）
US [koʊks] verb transitive
■to persuade someone gently to do something or go somewhere, by being kind and patient, or by appearing to be 哄劝；哄骗；劝诱
• Perhaps you could coax your father into taking you to the station. 也许你能花言巧语说服父亲带你去车站。
• He has some information I want, so I'm going to try to coax it out of him over a drink. 他知道一些我想要的消息，所以我要设法在喝酒时从他那里把它套出来。
• A mother was coaxing her reluctant child into the water. 一位母亲正在哄劝不情愿的孩子下水。
• a coaxing voice 诱哄的口气
coax, urge, persuade, induce, counsel, convince
这组词都有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”的意思，其区别是：
coax: 指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。
urge: 语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。
persuade: 普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。
induce: 指用讲道理来使某人做某事。
counsel: 较正式用词，指对一些较重大事情所提出的劝告。有时也用于非正式场合，但仍强调严肃的一面。
convince: 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
vi. 哄骗；劝诱
 - trick, rope into

Word: meteor
Front: meteor
[ˈmi:tiə(r)] (托 8626/23534 -1)
Vocabulary: meteor
(once / 1431 pages)
n
A meteor is a space rock that hits the atmosphere of the Earth. It's also another word for a shooting star.
There are a lot of bodies in space, such as suns, planets, and moons. Those are all rather large, but there are smaller bodies too, such as meteors. A meteor is a smaller body in space that collides with the Earth or another planet. You can also use this word for the light caused by such an impact: a meteor is a shooting star. Many meteors are caused by comets that have decayed.
WORD FAMILY
meteor: meteoric, meteoroid, meteors, micrometeor+/ meteoric: meteorically/ meteoroid: meteoroids/micrometeor: micrometeoric, micrometeoroid/micrometeoroid: micrometeoroids
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Quadrantid meteor shower peaks on Tuesday morning, according to the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Meteor is trying to convince both entities that alternative sites won’t work.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“But the Perseid meteor shower peaks tomorrow night. Want to find a dark spot and watch?”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 流星; 大气现象
abbr. 气象学(=meteorology)
分布：流星(99%)，大气现象(1%)
→来自希腊语ta meteora,天体现象，天空之上，来自meta-,在上，-eora,空中的，词源同air.引申词义气象。后特别用于指流星，可能因流星比较有代表性。其原义见：aerial meteors,风；aqueous meteors,雨；luminous meteors,极光；igneous meteors,流星。
US [-tˌi.ɔ:r] noun countable specialized
■a piece of rock or other matter from space that produces a bright light as it travels through the Earth's atmosphere 流星
⇒ See also shooting star;falling star
n. [天] 流星； [气象] 大气现象
 - shooting star, falling star

Word: eh
Front: eh
[eɪ] (8615/2460 -2)
Back: int. （用以表示惊讶、疑问、征求同意或要求重说一遍）嗯，啊
分布：表惊奇）(50%)，啊(请求重复(50%)
(US usually huh) informal
exclamation
■used to express surprise or confusion, to ask someone to repeat what they have said, or as a way of getting someone to give some type of reaction to a statement that you have made （表示惊奇或不解，或者请对方重复或作出反应）啊，嗯，甚么，是吗，好吗
• "Janet's leaving her husband." "Eh?" “珍妮特要和丈夫分手了。”“甚么?”
• "Did you hear what I said?" "Eh? Say it again - I wasn't listening." “你听见我说甚么了吗？”“啊，你再说一遍——我刚才没在听。”
• Going overseas again, eh? It's a nice life for some! 又要出国，啊？有些人的日子过得真不赖！
int. 啊，嗯！（表示惊奇、疑问等）
 - ah, ugh

Word: zoom
Front: zoom
[zu:m] (高研 8608/11707 -2)
Vocabulary: zoom
(once / 5002 pages)
nv
Zoom zoom! This is a word for things moving quickly, either up or in a line. When you hear zoom, think fast.
Zoom is a word that can be a sound effect, a noun, or a verb. In comic books, you might see a spaceship taking off with a word bubble saying ZOOM!. Fast cars can zoom; airplanes can zoom. You could say, "In one zoom, we were in the air!" Zooming can also mean to move while making a low humming noise that sounds like zoom. Like boom, zoom is a fun word: it's hard to say Zoom zoom! and be in a bad mood.
WORD FAMILY
zoom: zoomed, zooming, zooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A wide-angle zoom lens would be perfect there.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As small stocks zoom, however, so do the risks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The band — still touring with the original lineup, which also includes lead guitarist Billy Zoom and drummer D.J.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 嗡嗡作响; 急速上升
n. 嗡嗡声; 隆隆声; （车辆等）疾驰的声音; 变焦
vt. 使急速上升; 使猛增
时态：zoomed, zooming, zooms
→拟声词。
n.急速上升,图象电子放大,嗡嗡声vi.突然扩大,急速上升I heard the zoom of an aircraft.我听见飞机的发动机声.
[zu:m] informal
verb
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move very quickly 快速移动
• They got into the car and zoomed off. 他们钻进汽车一溜烟地开走了。
• In the last few metres of the race, she suddenly zoomed ahead. 到了比赛的最后几米，她突然冲到前面。
intransitive
■If prices or sales zoom, they increase suddenly and quickly （价格或销售额）猛涨
• House prices suddenly zoomed last year. 去年房价飙升。
[zu:m] informal
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  zoom in/out
■to (cause a camera or computer to) make the image of something or someone appear much larger and nearer, or much smaller and further away （使照相机或计算机）画面放大／缩小
• At the beginning of the film, the camera zooms in to show two people sitting by the side of a river. 影片一开始，镜头拉近，对准了坐在河边的两个人。
• Click on a photo of any student, and it zooms out to full-size. 随便点击一张学生的照片，它就会放到最大。
• Television cameras zoomed in on the fans fighting in the stands. 电视镜头定格在看台上斗殴的球迷身上。
[zu:m] informal
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  zoom in on sth
■to notice and give special attention to something 留意到；特别关注
• Henry immediately zoomed in on the weakest part of my argument. 亨利马上注意到我论据中最薄弱的部分。
[zu:m] informal
noun countable
■a zoom lens
n. 急速上升；嗡嗡声； [摄] 变焦摄影
 - bum

Word: shake
Front: shake
[ʃeɪk] (中高研四六托 942/1076 -K4)
Back: vt. 动摇; 摇头; 使发抖; 使心绪不宁[烦恼，惊吓]
vi. 摇（出），抖（掉）; 握手; （嗓音）颤抖
n. 摇动; 震动; 哆嗦; 混合饮料
时态：shook, shaken, shaking, shakes
分布：摇动(48%)，握手(25%)，震动(18%)，摇晃(6%)，片刻(3%)
→来自古英语 sceacan,摇动，摇晃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skakana,摇动，摇摆，来自 skek, 摇动，摇晃，词源同 shag,shock.
n./v.摇动,摇;颤抖,震动The cake maker shakes a naked snake with the quaking rake without sake.蛋糕制造者无缘无故地用抖动的耙子摇一条赤裸的蛇.
verb (shook, shaken)
MOVE 移动
 IMPROVER transitive
■to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to make something or someone do this 摇动；抖动；使颤动
• A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so that the fruit fell down. 一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着树枝好让苹果掉下来。
• Babies like toys that make a noise when they're shaken. 婴儿喜欢摇晃时能发出声响的玩具。
• The explosion shook buildings for miles around. 爆炸震动了好几哩以内的房屋。
• [+ obj + adj] People in southern California were shaken awake by an earthquake. 加洲南部的人们被地震震醒了。
• She shook her hair loose from its ribbon. 她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。
• Anna shook some powdered chocolate over her coffee. 安娜往咖啡里撒了一些巧克力粉。
• Every time one of these big trucks goes through the village, all the houses shake. 每当这样的一辆大卡车从村里经过，所有的房屋都会震动。
• The child's body was shaking with sobs. 这个孩子哭得浑身颤抖。
 IMPROVER intransitive
■If you are shaking, your body makes quick short movements, or you feel as if it is doing so, because you are frightened or nervous （因害怕或紧张而）打颤，发抖
• She was shaking as she opened the letter. 她颤抖着拆开了信。
• Her voice shook as she spoke about the person who attacked her. 她谈起攻击她的人时声音直打颤。
• I was shaking in my shoes/boots (= very nervous) about having to tell Dad what I'd done. 想到不得不告诉爸爸我的所作所为时，我害怕得直发抖。
• I was shaking like a leaf/ UKlike a jelly (= very nervous) before my exam. 我考试前特别紧张。
shake sb's hand/shake sb by the hand
■to hold someone's hand and move it up and down, especially when you meet them for the first time or when you make an agreement with them （尤指初次见面或达成协定时）握（某人的）手
• "Pleased to meet you, " he said, shaking my hand. “很高兴见到你，”他边说边与我握手。
• The Princess was photographed shaking hands with AIDS victims. 王妃与爱滋病患者握手的场面被拍了下来。
• It seems that we have a deal, so let's shake (hands) on it. 看来我们成交了，我们来为此握手吧。
• "Congratulations, " she said, shaking the winner by the hand. “恭喜你，” 她说着握了握获胜者的手。
shake your head
■to move your head from side to side, in order to express disagreement, sadness or that you do not want or believe something 摇头（表示不同意、悲伤、不想要或不信）
• I asked Tim if he'd seen Jackie lately but he shook his head. 我问蒂姆近来是否见过杰基，他摇了摇头。
• "That's incredible!" he said, shaking his head in disbelief. “简直难以置信！”他一边说，一边不相信地摇着头。
shake your fist
■to hold your hand up in the air with your fingers and thumb bent, and move it forcefully backwards and forwards, to show that you are angry 挥舞拳头（表示愤怒）； 挥拳相向
• He shook his fist at the driver who pulled out in front of him. 他向那个突然由路边开到他前面的司机挥了一拳。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
UPSET 使烦恼
transitive
■to cause to feel upset and worried 使烦恼；使心绪不定；使震惊
• The child seemed nervous and visibly shaken. 这孩子看起来很紧张，明显是吓到了。
• The news has shaken the whole country. 消息震惊了全国。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
MAKE WEAKER 削弱
transitive
■to make less certain or firm or strong; make weaker 动摇，削弱
• What has happened has shaken the foundations of her belief. 发生的事情动摇了她信仰的根基。
• After six defeats in a row, the team's confidence has been badly shaken. 在六连败后，球队的信心大挫。
• This discovery may shake (up) traditional theories on how mountains are formed. 这个发现可能会震撼关于山脉形成的传统理论。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
GET RID OF 摆脱
transitive
■to get rid of or escape from something 摆脱，甩掉
• It's very difficult to shake the habit of a lifetime. 终生养成的习惯是很难改掉的。
• The company has so far been unable to shake (off) its reputation for being old-fashioned. 该公司到现在为止还未能摆脱其因循守旧的名声。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
more (...) than you can shake a stick at old-fashioned
■a lot of 许多
• There are more whisky distilleries in this part of Scotland than you can shake a stick at. 苏格兰的这一地区有很多威士忌酒厂。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
shake a leg old-fashioned informal
■used to tell someone to hurry or act more quickly 快一点，抓紧一点
• Come on, Nick, shake a leg or we'll never be ready in time. 快，尼克，把握时间，否则我们就来不及了。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shake sb down US informal
■to get money from someone by using threats or tricks 勒索，敲诈
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shake sb/somewhere down US informal
■to search a person or place thoroughly, usually in order to find things that are stolen or illegal （通常为查获赃物或违禁品）彻底搜查
• We can't shake down the whole building - only the suspect's apartment. 我们不可能把整栋楼都搜遍——只能搜查嫌疑犯的公寓。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  shake down informal
■to become satisfactorily or comfortably organized or established after a period of change 安顿下来；调整就绪
• Give the new arrangements time to shake down - I'm sure they'll be OK. 新的安排要经过一段时间才能调整过来——我相信它们会令人满意的。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shake sth off informal
■to get rid of an illness 摆脱（疾病）
• I hope I can shake off this cold before the weekend. 我希望周末之前我的感冒能好。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shake sb/sth off
■to get away from someone or something that will not stop following you 摆脱，甩掉（跟踪者）
• He drove through the red lights in an attempt to shake off the police car that was chasing him. 他闯红灯企图甩掉警车的追踪。
■informal
■to beat an opponent, or to free yourself from someone or something that is limiting you 打败；摆脱
• I have no doubt that we will be able to shake off the challenge from our rivals. 我确信我们能战胜对手的挑战。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shake sth out
■to hold something such as a piece of cloth at one end and shake it up and down to get rid of dirt or folds 将…抖干净（或抖展）
• I was on the back doorstep shaking out a rug. 我那时正站在后门台阶上抖一块小地毯。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  shake sb up
■If an unpleasant experience shakes someone up, it makes them feel shocked and upset 使震惊
• I think she was quite shaken up by the accident. 我想这次意外让她饱受惊吓了。
[ʃeɪk] verb (shook, shaken)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shake sth up
■to cause large changes in something such as an organization, usually in order to make improvements （通常为作出改进）对…进行大改组（或大调整）
• Technological changes have shaken up many industries. 科技革新令许多产业发生了重大调整。
• The first thing the new chairman of the company did was to shake up the management. 公司新任董事长所做的第一件事就是重组管理阶层。
• Several new players have been brought in to shake up the team. 有几位新队员被召入以重新整顿队伍。
[ʃeɪk] noun
countable
■when you shake something 摇动；抖动；震动
• She gave the box a shake to see if there was anything inside it. 她摇了摇盒子，看里面有没有东西。
• "No, no, no, " he said with a shake of his head. “不，不，不，”他摇着头说。
the shakes [plural] informal
■short quick movements from side to side that your body makes because you are ill, frightened or have drunk too much alcohol 寒颤，颤抖，哆嗦
• I watched her hands as she prepared coffee and she definitely had the shakes. 她准备咖啡的时候，我看着她的手，她绝对在发抖。
countable informal * a milkshake
[ʃeɪk] noun
in two shakes (of a lamb's tail) (also a couple of shakes) old-fashioned informal
■very soon 马上，一会儿
• I'll be with you in two shakes. 我马上就来。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
vt. 动摇；摇动；震动
 - rock, swing motion
vi. 动摇；摇动；发抖
 - wave, rock
n. 摇动；哆嗦
 - rocking motion, wafture

Word: rein
Front: rein
[reɪn] (研四六宝 8629/6977 -2)
Vocabulary: rein
(once / 326 pages)
nv
Rein is both a noun and a verb for guiding and restraining. You can use the long strap, or rein, on a horse to control its speed and direction, and you can rein in your own tongue by closing your mouth.
Rein rhymes with rain but the two words describe very different things. Rain comes down all over the place, uncontrolled, while a rein holds things in place or controls what comes out. As a noun, rein is often used as a plural word "reins" when talking about actual leather restraints used in horse riding, but a rein also is something non-physical like when you put a rein on spending by shopping less.
WORD FAMILY
rein: reined, reining, reins
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Trump also berated China for failing to help rein in its ally North Korea.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But growth did slow slightly more than expected, in a sign that government measures to rein in soaring asset prices are affecting the broader economy.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
As a child, I thought all this was possible, and when I started studying it, I reined in my expectations.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 驾驭（法）; 统治手段; 控制（权）; 缰绳
vt. 勒缰绳使（马）停步; 驾驭; 严格控制
vi. 勒住马
时态：reined, reining, reins
分布：控制(81%)，驾驭(10%)，缰绳(9%)
→来自（缩写自）拉丁语 retinere,维持，控制，词源同 retain.引申诸相关词义。
n.缰绳,统治,支配v.驾驭,控制,统治The rider pulled on the reins, and the horse stopped.骑马的人拉紧缰绳,马停住了.
【记】rei＝reg统治
【反】prod（v 刺；激励）
noun countable usually plural
■a long thin piece of material, especially leather, which helps you to control and direct a horse （尤指皮的）缰绳
• You pull on both reins to stop or slow a horse, but only the left rein to turn left. 拉两边的缰绳来让马停住或放慢速度，但是要想左转时，只需拉左边的缰绳。
■UK
■a strap which is put around a small child's body or wrist and held at the other end by an adult so that the adult can stop the child running away （领幼儿走路时防止其走失的）安全绳套，保护带
• I always put my son on reins when we go shopping. 我们带儿子去购物时，总是用安全带牵着他。
[reɪn] noun countable usually plural
free rein
■the freedom to do, say or feel what you want （言行或情感的）自由，自主，无约束
• The young film-makers were given free rein to experiment with new themes and techniques. 年轻的电影制片者们对新主题和新技巧可以自由尝试。
• He deliberately gave his emotions free rein as he played the sonata. 演奏这首奏鸣曲时，他刻意使自己的感情尽情奔放。
[reɪn] noun countable usually plural
keep a tight rein on sb/sth (also keep sb/sth on a tight rein)
■to have a lot of control over someone or something 对…严加约束；对…严加控制
• My father always kept us on a tight rein. 我父亲对我们总是严加管教。
[reɪn] noun countable usually plural
take over/up the reins
■to take control of something, especially an organization or a country 控制，接管（某东西，尤指某组织或国家）
• He took up the reins of government immediately after the coup. 在那次政变之后，他立即控制了政府。
[reɪn] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rein sth in
HORSE
■to make a horse go more slowly or stop by pulling on its reins 用缰绳勒住（马）；收缰绳使（马）放慢速度（或停住）
ACTIVITY (also rein sth back)
■to control an emotion, activity or situation to prevent it from becoming too powerful 抑制；控制；约束
• We tried to rein in our excitement and curiosity. 我们尽力克制住兴奋和好奇。
• Reports today suggest consumers are already reining back spending. 今天发表的调查报告显示，消费者已经开始控制花销。
n. 缰绳；驾驭；统治；支配
 - governance, disposal, rule, trace
vt. [建] 控制；驾驭；勒住
 - possess, contain, regulate, bit, bottle

Word: attest
Front: attest
[əˈtest] (宝 8631/12222 -1)
Vocabulary: attest
(once / 981 pages)
v
To attest is to prove or declare to be true. For example: the fact that you aced the SAT attests to the strength of your vocabulary.
Attest and testify come from the same Latin word testari, which means "to declare." Although both words are kind of formal, you often testify in a courtroom, but attest doesn't require a court of law to function. You can attest to anything — that the funny looking shoes toned your thighs, that what someone says is true, or that the new acne medicine really works. To remember it, think of when you pass a test, you attest that you know the material.
WORD FAMILY
attest: attestant, attestation, attested, attester, attesting, attests+/attestant: attestants/attestation: attestations/attested: attestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But these photographs suggest there were moments worth remembering, attesting perhaps to the abiding optimism that resides in artistic endeavor.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Today’s interest in cocktail culture, it explains, “attests to a nostalgia for the glamour and role playing of earlier eras.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The explosion of crossover sales attests to my guild’s influence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣称…为真实的; 证明，证实; 作证; 使宣誓，使发誓
vi. 证实; 证明
时态：attested, attesting, attests
分布：证明(86%)，作证(14%)
→前缀at-同ad-. 词根test, 见证，来自PIE *tri-st, *tri同three, 三。st,站。即第三者，见证者，词源同testis, 睾丸，testament，证词。单词test, 测试，同词根terra, 土，见terrestrial, 领土的。原指土制陶罐用来检测贵金属如金，银纯度。字母r,s音变。
证实(at+test试验→一再试验→证实)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
证明(at一再+test证据)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
【记】at一再，test作证明－证明，证实
[ə'test] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to show something or to say or prove that something is true 表明；证明；证实
• Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party. 数以千计的人走到街上，声援主张民主的反对党。
• The number of old German cars still on the road attests (to) the excellence of their manufacture. 在马路上仍可以看到相当数量的旧款德国车，这表明其制造工艺十分精良。
• As his career attests, he is a cricketer of world-class standard. 他是一位世界级的板球运动员，他的运动生涯就是证明。
• specialized The will needs to be attested (= officially marked to show that the signature of the person who made the will is correct) by three witnesses. 此遗嘱需要有三个证人联署证明。
vt. 证明；证实；为…作证
 - demonstrate, prove, favor, make sure, argue
vi. 证明；作证
 - give evidence of, bear witness to

Word: climber
Front: climber
[ˈklaɪmə(r)] (8618/6271 -1)
Back: n. 登山者，攀登者; [植]攀缘植物，[动]攀禽类; 〈比喻〉野心家
分布：攀登者(55%)，爬山者(21%)，攀援植物(13%)，野心家(11%)
US [-mɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who climbs mountains for sport 攀登者；登山者
UK ['klaɪ.mər] US [-mɚ] noun countable
PLANT 植物
■a plant which grows up a supporting surface 攀缘植物
n. 登山者； [植] 攀缘植物；尽力改善自己社会地位的人
 - cowage, climbing plant

Word: electorate
Front: electorate
[ɪˈlektərət] (宝 8624/5470 -2)
Vocabulary: electorate
(once / 2471 pages)
n
An electorate is a body of people allowed to vote in an election. In the United States, when you turn eighteen, you may join the electorate and help choose a president.
The word electorate is especially important for those people who are not a part of it. For instance, women in the United States were not part of the electorate until they were allowed to vote in 1920. Being a part of the electorate is important because it gives you a chance to elect — or choose — who you want to represent you in your government.
WORD FAMILY
electorate: electorates+/ elect: elected, electing, election, elective, electly, elector, electorate, elects, reelect /elected: nonelected/ election: electioneer, elections, electoral /electioneer: electioneered, electioneering, electioneers/electioneering: electioneerings/ elective: electively, electives, non-elective, nonelective/elector: electors/ electoral: electorally/ reelect: reelected, reelecting, reelection, reelects/reelection: reelections
USAGE EXAMPLES
Voter Registration More voting access would lead to a more progressive electorate.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
For other pollsters, 2018 represented a fresh start, without a Democratic candidate whose post-State Department unpopularity and negative story lines scrambled the electorate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There are myriad accounts of why large segments of the electorate in many developed democracies are rebelling against the status quo.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 选民（全体）; 选举区; [史]选帝侯的爵位[领土]
分布：名词(100%)
全体选民(elector选举人+ate→全体选举人)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
全体选民(elect选举)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】elector（n 有权选举的人）；elect（v 选举；选择）
US [-tɚ-] noun countable usually singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■all the people who are allowed to vote 全体选民
• The present voting system distorts the wishes of the electorate. 现行的选举制度不能表现选民的真实意愿。
n. 选民；选区
 - constituent, precinct

Word: mutation
Front: mutation
[mju:ˈteɪʃn] (托雅 8622/6291)
Vocabulary: mutation
(once / 3537 pages)
n
A mutation is a genetic change that causes new and different characteristics, like the mutation on the dog's DNA that makes its tail shorter than its ancestors' tails.
Mutation comes from the Latin word mutationem meaning "a changing." You might recognize this root in related words like mutate, mutable, and mutant. We often think of mutations as changes in an animal's genetic structure, but there are other kinds of mutations. For example, if an architect designs an award-winning building, her later designs that are similar might be called mutations of that one.
WORD FAMILY
mutation: mutational, mutations+/ mutate: mutated, mutates, mutating, mutation
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few rare genetic mutations break the thermostat.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But there’s a problem with that picture: some mutation is good for our mitochondria.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
The FDA also approved a companion test that screens for the mutation.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 变化; 转变; 突变; 变异
分布：突变(71%)，变异(24%)，变化(5%)
→来自mutate,变异，突变。
noun
uncountable
■the way in which genes change and produce permanent differences （基因的）突变，变异
• It is well known that radiation can cause mutation. 众所周知，辐射可以造成基因突变。
countable
■a permanent change in an organism, or the changed organism itself （生物体的）突变，变异；突变生物体
• Environmental pressures encourage genes with certain mutations to persist and others to die out. 环境的影响使某些发生了若干突变的基因存活下来，却使另一些消亡了。
• These plants carry the mutation for red flowers. 这些植物携带红花变种。
n. [遗] 突变；变化；元音变化
 - variation, shift, diversification, turn

Word: musical
Front: musical
[ˈmju:zɪkl] (高研四六雅 2097/2771 -K3)
Vocabulary: musical
(once / 174 pages)
adjn
Anything musical has to do with music. Tra la la! If you’re really musical, try out for a musical so you can sing on the big stage. And, if you’re playing musical chairs, better find a seat before the music stops!
Musical things have a tune or rhythm, like a robin’s song or “La Cucaracha.” Musical instruments, like clarinets and guitars, make music. Or hope to. The bands you’re into reflect your musical tastes. If your parents are musicians, you come from a musical family. When musical is a noun, it's short for “musical drama.” The Sound of Music is a musical (film) about a the musical (talented singing) Von Trapp family. Guess what they’re into.
WORD FAMILY
musical: musicality, musically, musicalness, musicals, nonmusical, unmusical+/ music: musical, musician, musics/ musician: musicians, musicianship/unmusical: unmusicalest, unmusically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The winners will tour the UK with the new musical for a year.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It included 15,000 fireworks and was accompanied by music from some of the city's most famous musical exports.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
How instrumental was he in your musical education?
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 音乐的，用于音乐的; 喜爱[精通]音乐的; 音调优美的; 悦耳的
n. （社交性的）音乐会; [影视]歌舞片; 音乐（喜）剧 = musical comedy
分布：音乐的(59%)，悦耳的(21%)，音乐片(16%)，喜欢音乐的(4%)
→来自music,音乐，乐曲。
a.音乐的;有音乐才能的n.音乐片She's not at all musical.她根本不喜欢音乐.
adjective
 IMPROVER
■related to or connected with music 音乐的；用于音乐的
• musical instruments 乐器
• Mozart's musical compositions include symphonies and operas. 莫劄特的音乐创作包括交响乐和歌剧。
 IMPROVER
■If you are musical, you have a skill in or great liking for music 有音乐天赋的；爱好音乐的
• The family all play instruments - they're all very musical. 这家人都会演奏乐器——他们都很喜欢音乐。
['mju:.zɪ.kəl] noun countable
■a play or film in which part of the story is sung to music 音乐剧；音乐（影）片
adj. 音乐的；悦耳的
 - harmonious, sweet

Word: package
Front: package
[ˈpækɪdʒ] (中高研四六托雅 1685/1336 -K4)
Vocabulary: package
(once / 286 pages)
1nv 2n
A package is a wrapped bundle or a container of something. If you order new socks online, they'll be delivered to your door in a package a few days later.
A package might be wrapped in colorful wrapping paper, or it may simply be a container that holds an item or a collection of them, like a package of peppermints. To package is to enclose something in a box or other container: "You should package your brownies and sell them at the farmer's market!" Package stems either from the noun pack, or possibly from the Dutch pakkage, or "baggage."
WORD FAMILY
package: packaged, packages, packaging +/ pack: packable, package, packed, packer, packing, packs, unpack /packaged: prepackaged, unpackaged/ packaging: packagings/packed: prepacked/packer: packers/packing: packings/ unpack: unpacked, unpacking, unpacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are part of a package of proposals following last month’s attack on a Berlin Christmas market.
Seattle Times(Jan 03, 2017)
But Dayton vetoed the package due to a costly wording error, and plans to revive it in special session never materialized.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
In the end, the whole package is engagingly chipper, a memoir of delight.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 包装; 把…装箱; 向…提出一揽子计划
n. 包裹; 包装袋; 包装盒; 一组建议
时态：packaged, packaging, packages
分布：包裹(97%)，把 ... 进行推销(1%)，把 ... 打包(1%)，整批交易(1%)
→pack,打包，包裹，-age,名词后缀。
n.包装,包裹,箱,包装费,标准部件,成套设备Large packages cost more postage.大的包裹邮费贵些.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a parcel 包裹
• The postman has just delivered a package for you. 邮差刚刚送来一个包裹给你。
• The package was wrapped in plain brown paper. 包裹用普通的牛皮纸包着。
 IMPROVER US for * packet
• a package of cookies 一小包饼干
 ADVANCED
■a related group of things when they are offered together as a single unit 一（整）套
• The computer comes with a software package. 电脑附带一套套装软体。
• The aid package for the earthquake-hit area will include emergency food and medical supplies. 地震灾区的救援物品将包括应急食品和医疗用品。
['pæk.ɪdʒ] noun countable
Good things come in small packages. saying
■said to emphasize that something does not need to be big in order to be good 浓缩的都是精品；好东西不在个头大
['pæk.ɪdʒ] verb transitive
■to put goods into boxes or containers to be sold 把…打包（或装箱）
• These organic olives are packaged in recycled glass containers. 这些有机橄榄装在再生玻璃罐内。
■to show someone or something in an attractive way so that people will like or buy them 对…进行包装；修饰…的外表
• As a young film star, she was packaged as a sex symbol. 作为年轻的电影明星，她被包装成一个性感偶像。
parcel, package, bundle, bunch, packet, pack
这组词都有“捆，包”的意思，其区别是：
parcel: 着重指邮包，也指将东西扎成小包或不太大的包。
package: 指包装整齐严密的包裹或一包、一捆、一盒东西。
bundle: 指多件东西被捆扎在一起。
bunch: 指有规则地把同类东西固定在一起。
packet: 一般指小件行李、邮包、还可指更小一些的包。
pack: 指专为背负而包扎的包裹，也指驮物等。
n. [计] [通信] 包， [邮] 包裹；套装软件，程序包
 - envelopment, fardel
vt. 打包；将…包装
 - parcel

Word: commercially
Front: commercially
[kə'mɜ:ʃəlɪ] (8634/7104)
Back: adv. 商业上，通商上
分布：商业地(100%)
ADJ
商业的;贸易的
Commercial means involving or relating to the buying and selling of goods.
例：Docklands in its heyday was a major centre of industrial and commercial activity...港区在其最繁荣的时期曾是主要的工商业活动中心。
例：Attacks were reported on police, vehicles and commercial premises.据报道，警察、车辆和商业经营场所均遭到袭击。
ADJ-GRADED
(组织、活动)营利的，商业化的，偏重利润的
Commercial organizations and activities are concerned with making money or profits, rather than, for example, with scientific research or providing a public service.
例：British Rail has indeed become more commercial over the past decade...过去10年来，英国铁路确实变得更加商业化了。
例：Conservationists in Chile are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation of forests...对森林的商业开发所带来的影响让智利的自然资源保护者们感到忧心忡忡。
ADJ
(产品)商品化的，供市场出售的
A commercial product is made to be sold to the public.
例：They are the leading manufacturer in both defence and commercial products.在军工产品和民用产品的制造方面，他们都处于领先地位。
ADJ
(车辆)商用的
A commercial vehicle is a vehicle used for carrying goods, or passengers who pay.
例：Commercial vehicles, coaches and lorries are required by law to be fitted with tachographs.法律规定商用车辆、长途汽车和卡车要安装转速计。
例：...the fastest crossing of the Atlantic by a commercial passenger vessel.商用客船最快的一次横渡大西洋
ADJ
(电视、广播)靠广告收入维持的，商业性的
Commercial television and radio are paid for by the broadcasting of advertisements, rather than by the government.
例：...Classic FM, the first national commercial radio station.国内首家商业广播电台——经典调频
ADJ-GRADED
(电影或音乐)商业化的，迎合大众口味的
Commercial is used to describe something such as a film or a type of music that it is intended to be popular with the public, and is not very original or of high quality.
例：There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial.很多人都觉得音乐变得过于商业化了。
N-COUNT
(电视或电台的)商业广告
A commercial is an advertisement that is broadcast on television or radio.
例：The government has launched a campaign of television commercials and leaflets.政府通过电视广告和传单的形式发起了宣传活动。

Word: minus
Front: minus
[ˈmaɪnəs] (高研四六雅 8628/4789 -2)
Vocabulary: minus
(once / 1709 pages)
adjn
Use the word minus to mean "less" or "with the subtraction of." When it's minus fifteen degrees outside, it's fifteen below zero — or fifteen degrees less than zero.
Whenever you talk about negative numbers, whether they relate to temperature or your bank account, the adjective minus always applies. If you have minus fifty dollars in the bank, you're below zero on the money scale. You can also use minus as noun, to mean "subtraction," or a subtraction mark: "Put a minus in front of that three before you add the columns." Minus means "less" in Latin, and it's closely related to minor, or "smaller."
WORD FAMILY
minus: minuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two rushes for minus-8 yards against the New England Patriots the next week put him back in the red.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The margin of sampling error for all respondents is plus or minus 3 percentage points.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Also to be discovered: Trump’s reaction to the show minus him.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: prep. （表示否定）没有; 缺少; （表示运算）减去; （表示数目）在零度以下
n. 减号; 负号; 不利; 不足
adj. 负的; 不利的; 略低于某标准的
分布：减去(65%)，减号(19%)，负的(7%)，负数(5%)，减的(2%)，缺点(2%)
→来自拉丁语minus,较小的，较少的，来自minor的中性格，词源同minute,minimum.后引申词义减号，负值。
减去(min+us→变少→减去)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
a.负的,减的prep.减去n.负号,减号The maximum plus or minus the minimum makes minute difference.最大值加上或者减去最小值只产生极小的差异.
preposition
 ADVANCED
■reduced by a stated number 减（去）
• What is 57 minus 39? 57减39是多少？
• That will be £1500, minus the deposit of £150 that you have already paid. 减去你已付的150英镑的订金，那就是1500英镑。
Compare plus informal
■without; lacking 没有，缺少
• We're minus a chair for Ian - could you get one from the other room? 我们没有椅子给伊恩坐了——你能从另一个房间拿一张过来吗？
['maɪ.nəs] noun countable (plural minuses)
DISADVANTAGE 不利
■a disadvantage or a bad feature 缺点；不利条件
• Having to travel such a long way to work is a definite minus. 上班的路程这么远无疑是一个不利之处。
['maɪ.nəs] noun countable (plural minuses)
SUBTRACTION 减少 (also minus sign)
■the - sign, written between two numbers to show that the second number should be subtracted from the first, or in front of one number to show that it has a value of less than 0 减号；负号
['maɪ.nəs] adjective
SUBTRACTION 减少
[before noun]
■A minus number or amount is less than zero. （数字）负的
⇒ See also negative
[before noun]
■used to show that temperatures are less than zero 零下的
• Temperatures could fall to minus eight tonight. 今晚气温可能会下降到零下八度。
[after noun]
■used after a mark given to written work to mean that it is of a slightly lower standard than that mark 略差一些的，稍差的
• I got A minus for my English homework. 我的英语作业得了 A-。
['maɪ.nəs] adjective
DISADVANTAGE 不利
[before noun]
■describes a disadvantage or bad point 不利的；不好的
• One of the minus points of working at home is not having social contact with colleagues. 在家工作的一个缺点是欠缺和同事的交往。
prep. [数] 减，减去
 - less
n. [数] 负号，减号；不足；负数
 - shortage, short of, lack, insufficient
adj. 减的；负的
 - negative, nonpositive

Word: eyewitness
Front: eyewitness
[ˈaɪwɪtnəs] (高托 8633/19899 -1)
Vocabulary: eyewitness
(once / 4940 pages)
nv
An eyewitness is an observer who's seen something clearly enough to describe it. If you're an eyewitness to a car accident, the police might want to ask you exactly what you saw.
An eyewitness is valuable to crime investigators because she has seen the incident happen with her own eyes. You could also be an eyewitness to something less serious, like a boy being mean to his younger brother when he thinks no one is watching, or a woman throwing her soda can on the ground. While a witness may have valuable information about something, an eyewitness is even more important because he has actually seen — or witnessed — the event in question.
WORD FAMILY
eyewitness: eyewitnessed, eyewitnesses, eyewitnessing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The film gathers moving eyewitness accounts of the work’s relevance to modern-day struggles around the globe.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police believed there was only one gunman, he said, although some eyewitness reports mentioned multiple attackers.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Eyewitness Sinem Uyanik told the Associated Press she saw several bodies inside the Istanbul nightclub that was attacked during New Year’s celebrations.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 目击者; 目击证人
分布：目击者(90%)，见证人(10%)
→eye, 眼睛。witness, 见证。
noun countable
■a person who saw something happen, for example a crime or an accident 目击者；见证人
• According to an eyewitness account , the thieves abandoned their vehicle near the scene of the robbery. 据一位目击证人的描述，这帮盗贼在抢劫现场附近弃车潜逃。
n. 目击者； [法] 见证人
 - witness

Word: number
Front: number
[ˈnʌmbə(r)] (中高 204/143 -K5)
Vocabulary: number
(once / 20 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n
When you consider any amount or measurement, you use a number, like 1, 2, 3, 75, or 998,837,211.
This math-y word has many uses. Playing the numbers is an illegal form of gambling, and number crunchers are accountants. If you're looking out for number one, you're thinking of yourself. When you number something, you're counting it. A number is a song in a musical or concert. If someone "has your number," they know you well. Getting someone's number also means getting their phone number. If your days are numbered, it means you know you're going to die soon.
WORD FAMILY
number: numbered, numbering, numberless, numbers, numerical, unnumberable+/numbered: unnumbered/numbering: numberings/ numerical: numerically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also offers a list of all legislators, their phone numbers and their email addresses.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“A measurement is just a number. But a visual image of what they look like, rather than their imagination, is much more motivating.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
As the number of pediatric medical users grows, so do issues that confront parents, patients, doctors and policymakers.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 数字; 数量; 号码; 编号
v. 标号; 总计; 把…算作
时态：numbered, numbering, numbs
分布：号码(33%)，数量(24%)，数字(22%)，编号(17%)，总计(3%)，把 ... 算作(1%)
→来自拉丁语numerus,数字，数量，插入字母b,来自nem,分配，分开，词源同numeracy,nemesis.引申词义分开的数量，数字。
n.数,数字,数量,号码,一群v.共计,编号There was a decrease in the number of children in school.在校的儿童人数有所减少.
US [-bɚ] noun
SYMBOL 符号
 ESSENTIAL countable
■(a sign or symbol representing) a unit which forms part of the system of counting and calculating 数字
• 25, 300 and a billion are all numbers. 25 300和10亿都是数字。
• She's very good with numbers (= good at adding, subtracting, etc). 她非常擅长数字运算。
 ESSENTIAL countable (written abbreviation no.)
■one of a series of the symbols used in counting, which is used to mark a particular example of something 号码；…号
• They live at number 34 Orchard Street. 他们住在果园街34号。
• Please write your credit card number on this form. 请把你的信用卡号写在这张表格上。
• What's our flight number? 我们的航班号码是多少？
 ESSENTIAL countable (written abbreviation no.)
■a telephone number 电话号码
• I gave him my number. 我把自己的电话号码给了他。
  Common Learner Errors  number or figure? To talk about a set of numbers or an amount expressed in numbers, the more usual word is figures. Don't say 'unemployment/sales/tax numbers', say unemployment/sales/tax figures :
✗ Our sales numbers were better this year than last year. Our sales figures were better this year than last year.
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
AMOUNT 数量
 ESSENTIAL only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■an amount or total 数目；总数
• The number of people killed in road accidents fell last month. 上个月，死于交通事故的人数有所下降。
• There has been an increasing number of cases of the disease. 患这种病的人数持续上升。
• A small number of children are educated at home. 少数孩子在家接受教育。
• slightly formal A large number of invitations has been sent. 已经发出大量请柬。
• Letters of complaint were surprisingly few in number (= there were not many of them). 投诉信出乎意料的少。
numbers [plural]
■a number of a particular description 数量
• Small numbers of children are educated at home. 少数孩子在家接受教育。
• Large numbers of invitations were sent. 已经发出大量请柬。
• Newspapers are produced in vast numbers. 报纸发行量巨大。
a number of things
■several of a particular type of thing 几个，若干
• I decided not to go, for a number of reasons. 我决定不去，有几个理由。
only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people 一群人
• On the trip, one of our number fell ill. 旅行期间，我们当中有个人病倒了。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
PARTICULAR THING 某个事物
countable
■a particular example of something （特定的）一个
countable
■a particular copy of a magazine （杂志的）期，号
• Have you got last week's number of the New Yorker? 你有上周那期《纽约客》杂志吗？
• He's got all the back numbers (= previous copies) of the magazine. 他保存了这本杂志过去的所有刊本。
countable informal
■a piece of clothing, especially a dress, that you admire （令人欣赏的）衣服，（尤指）连衣裙
• She was wearing a stylish Dior number. 她身穿一条时尚的迪奥长裙。
countable US slang
■a person with a particular characteristic 具有…特征的人
• He's a real sexy number, don't you think? 他真性感，你不觉得吗？
countable
■a short tune or song 短曲；短歌
• Sing one of those romantic numbers. 唱一支那种情歌吧。
countable usually singular mainly US slang
■something that is often said 常说的事
• He tried the usual/that old number about how his wife didn't understand him. 他又重施故技，诉说妻子如何不理解他。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
any number of things
■a lot of a particular thing 许多，大量
• His shop stocks any number of different kinds of pasta. 他的商店大量出售各种义大利面食。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
beyond/without number literary
■too many to count 多不胜数，不计其数
• An earthquake in the city could result in deaths beyond number. 城市发生地震可能导致无数人死亡。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
by (sheer) force / weight of numbers
■because the number of people or things was so great （纯粹）凭借数量上的优势
• The crowd managed to force its way in by sheer weight of numbers. 这群人依靠人多势众，强行挤了进来。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
by numbers UK (US by the numbers)
■done according to a plan that has been decided previously, without using your own imagination and ideas 机械地，死板地，按部就班地
• This is painting by numbers - there's nothing original here. 这是一幅很死板的画——毫无新意。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
do a number on sb US slang
■to hurt, defeat or embarrass someone 伤害某人；打败某人；使某人难堪
• She really did a number on her old boyfriend, making him beg her to come back and then turning him down. 她令以前的男朋友乞求自己回心转意，而后却又拒绝他，这样做严重伤害了他的自尊心。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
have sb's number slang
■to know a lot about someone and so have an advantage over them 对（某人）心中有数；摸透（某人）的底
• Don't worry, I've got his number, he doesn't fool me. 别担心，我把他的底细摸得一清二楚，他骗不了我的。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
your number is up slang
■When your number is up, you are going to die （某人）气数已尽，死到临头
• When the plane started to shake, I just thought my number was up. 飞机开始摇晃时，我真的以为我要完蛋了。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
a numbers game
■the use of numbers to represent facts in an argument, especially when it makes people believe things that are not true 数字游戏（在论证中运用数字来反映事实，尤用于混淆视听，欺瞒别人）
• It's just a numbers game and everyone does it. You manipulate the statistics till they fit your argument. 暗中调整数据，使其能支持自己的论点，这只不过是大家都玩的数字游戏。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] verb
WRITE SYMBOL 写作符号
transitive
■to give something a number in a series and usually to write this number on it 给…编号；给…标号码
• All the folders have been carefully numbered and filed away. 所有档夹都被精心编号存档。
• Number the pages from one to ten. 从一到十标上页码。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] verb
AMOUNT 数量
[L only + noun]
■If people or things number a particular amount, there are this many of them （数量）多达，共计有
• After the hurricane the homeless numbered over 200 000. 飓风过后，总数超过20万人无家可归。
UK ['nʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  number sb/sth among sb/sth formal
■If you are numbered among a particular group, you belong to that group 把…归入
• At one time, the club numbered an archbishop among its members. 该俱乐部曾一度把大主教吸纳为其成员。
amount, sum, number, quantity
这组词都有“总数、总量”的意思，其区别是：
amount: 普通用词，与quantity近义，但强调整体，指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数。
sum: 普通用词，指简单加算的结果。
number: 普通用词，指人或物的数目，强调数的概念。
quantity: 书面用词，指事物的总量和总数量，侧重大批计量，含准确测量的意味。
figure, number
figure: 指“数字”，着重数字符号
number: 泛指“数”；
n. [数] 数；（杂志等的）期；号码；数字；算术
 - figure, arithmetic, digital
vt. 编号；计入；数…的数目；使为数有限
 - control No., code name

Word: grievance
Front: grievance
[ˈgri:vəns] (托宝 8625/7002 -1)
Vocabulary: grievance
(once / 651 pages)
n
A grievance is a complaint. It can be formal, as when an employee files a grievance because of unsafe working conditions, or more of an emotional matter, like a grievance against an old friend who betrayed you.
A grievance is a complaint that may or may not be justified. Often a grievance is a complaint about something that breaks a rule or a law, like a grievance filed against a person who builds a fence in his front yard in a town that does not allow that. If that same neighbor plants flowers he knows make you sneeze uncontrollably, you might be unhappy about that, but this is the kind of grievance you can work out among yourselves.
WORD FAMILY
grievance: grievances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did we fail to recognize and understand the grievances of white, working-class Trump voters?
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
And outside the confines of Mar-a-Lago, old grievances flare up.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Nearly all place economic grievances at the heart of it.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 不满; 苦衷; 委屈; 牢骚
分布：委屈(61%)，冤情(25%)，苦况(14%)
→来自grief, 悲痛。
牢骚,苦水(griev悲伤+ance→说悲伤的话→牢骚)[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"]
noun countable or uncountable
■a complaint or a strong feeling that you have been treated unfairly 不平；委屈；不满；抱怨；牢骚
• A special committee has been appointed to handle prisoners' grievances. 已经指派一个特别委员会去处理犯人的不满情绪。
• Bill still harbours/nurses a grievance against his employers for not promoting him. 因为没有得到提升，比尔对他的雇主仍然心怀不满。
• The small amount of compensation is a further source of grievance to the people forced to leave their homes. 被迫离开家园的人们仅获得很少的补偿，这成为激起他们不满的另一诱因。
n. 不满，不平；委屈；冤情
 - dissatisfaction, complaint

Word: pneumonia
Front: pneumonia
[nju:ˈməʊniə] (研 8632/9952 -1)
Vocabulary: pneumonia
(once / 2009 pages)
n
Pneumonia is a lung infection that gives you a cough and a fever and generally makes it difficult to breathe. If you catch pneumonia, you may end up in the hospital.
You've probably had people warn you not to go out in the rain without an umbrella or out in the cold without a hat or scarf because you’ll catch pneumonia. While they have your best interests in mind, you don’t actually get pneumonia from being cold or wet. Pneumonia is caused by viruses or bacteria. It’s a pretty common disease, but unfortunately it can be very serious in some cases, particularly in young children and elderly people.
WORD FAMILY
pneumonia: pneumonias+/pneumonic: pneumonia
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also called pneumococcus, this pathogen is the most common perpetrator of community-acquired pneumonia, which is pneumonia that people get outside hospitals and nursing homes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Problem: Pneumonia kills 27,000 Ugandan children under the age of five every year.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But later that afternoon her physician releases a statement saying that two days earlier, Clinton was diagnosed with pneumonia.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [医]肺炎; 急性肺炎
分布：肺炎(100%)
→pneumon-,肺，-ia,炎症。
肺炎[pneumon=lung(肺)]
n.肺炎He got pneumonia and had to stay at home.他得了肺炎, 不得不待在家里.
【记】pneumon肺，呼吸，ia病－肺炎pneu长得乱七八糟的肺，mon警告，ia病：肺炎可大可小，需要警告你！
US [nu:'moʊ.njə] noun uncountable
■a serious illness in which one or both lungs become red and swollen and filled with liquid 肺炎
• People who are bedridden can easily get pneumonia. 长期卧床的人易患肺炎。
catch/get pneumonia informal
■to make yourself ill by getting too cold 得肺炎
• She'll catch pneumonia going out without a coat in this weather! 她这种天气不穿大衣出去会得肺炎的！
n. [内科] 肺炎
 - pulmonitis

Word: brutality
Front: brutality
[bru:'tælətɪ] (8623/11149 -1)
Vocabulary: brutality
(once / 1297 pages)
n
Brutality is extreme cruelty, deliberate violent meanness. Avoid being the giver or receiver of brutality if you wish to remain a happy human.
Brutality comes from brutal (savage, fierce), plus -ity which makes it a noun. It’s the state of being a brute. Many criminals — especially murderers, rapists, and abusers — are guilty of brutality. Police brutality is what happens when the cops use extreme unnecessary force. Brutality is a strong word — just slapping someone isn't quite brutality. Brutality is more like beating a person with a tire iron. Brutality is also the name of a death metal band from Florida.
WORD FAMILY
brutality: brutalities+/ brutal: brutaler, brutalest, brutalise, brutality, brutalize, brutally/brutalise: brutalisation, brutalised, brutalises, brutalising/brutalization: brutalizations/brutalize: brutalization, brutalized, brutalizes, brutalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
His detractors accuse him of excessive charm, but it may be more accurate to say that he edits brutality from his world view.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A school that used practice robots was at the cutting edge of conscientious football, but Harriott wasn’t about to deny the brutality.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Violent encounters with law enforcement led to more than 400 arrests — and accusations of police brutality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 残忍; 野蛮; 暴虐行为
分布：残忍(36%)，暴行(34%)，野蛮(30%)
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■behaviour that is very cruel or violent showing no feelings for others, or an act of this type 残酷，残忍行为
• the brutalities of war 战争的残酷
• Seeing so much brutality towards prisoners had not hardened them to it. 尽管目瞩了诸多对待囚犯的残忍行径，他们也没有变得冷酷无情。
n. 无情；残忍；暴行（需用复数形式）
 - ruthlessness, affectionlessness

Word: duct
Front: duct
[dʌkt] (宝 8636/10744 -1)
Vocabulary: duct
(once / 3740 pages)
n
A duct is a pipe, tube, or tunnel through which water can flow. If there's a leaking duct in your kitchen, you may need to patch it or replace it — in any event, you should probably call a plumber.
Liquids can move through a duct, and when the duct is in a person's body, like a tear duct or a pancreatic duct, it has the same purpose — tears, for example, flow through tear ducts. Some ducts aid the flow of substances other than liquids, like the air ducts that blow warm air from your furnace into the rooms of your house. Duct tape, often incorrectly called "duck tape," is tape that's used for repairing ducts.
WORD FAMILY
duct: ductless, ducts
USAGE EXAMPLES
You will need to cut into the ceiling drywall, but only directly under the ducts.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Duodenoscopes are threaded down a patient’s throat to diagnose and treat digestive tract problems such as gallstones, cancers and bile duct blockages.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
And they conformed to the style of the exposed ducts on the ceiling.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 管，导管; （电线，电缆等的）管道
vt. 用导管输送; 用管道供应
分布：管道(57%)，导管(41%)，用导管输送(2%)
→来自deuk, 引导，词源同deduce, conduct.
管,导管[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【参】ductile（adj 易延展的；易教导的；柔软的）；induction（n 就职；入伍）
noun countable
■a tube or pipe that carries liquid or air, especially in and out of buildings or through the body 管道，管线；（人体的）管，导管
• Most office buildings have dozens of air ducts and vents. 大多数办公楼都有很多通风管道和通风口。
• People with blocked tear ducts cannot cry. 泪管阻塞者流不出眼泪。
n. 输送管， [生物] 导管
 - conveying pipe, conveyer pipe

Word: three-quarters
Front: three-quarters
[θ'ri:kw'ɔ:təz] (-2)
Back: adj. 四分之三的，大半身的; [摄]大半身的，脸的四分之三的; [橄]中后卫
n. 四分之三
分布：四分之三(100%)
QUANT
四分之三
Three-quarters is an amount that is three out of four equal parts of something.
例：Three-quarters of the country's workers took part in the strike...该国有 3/4 的工人参加了这次罢工。
例：It took him about three-quarters of an hour.那花了他大概 45 分钟。

Word: thriller
Front: thriller
[ˈθrɪlə(r)] (高雅 8642/9961 -2)
Back: n. 恐怖小说; 使人毛骨悚然的东西; 令人感到兴奋的事; （电影）惊悚片
分布：惊悚片(74%)，惊险小说(26%)
→来自 thrill,紧张，-er,表物。比喻用法。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a book, play or film which has an exciting story, often about solving a crime （常指关于侦破罪案的）惊悚小说（或戏剧、电影）
• It's described here as a taut, psychological thriller. 该作品在这处被称为结构严密的心理惊悚小说。
n. 惊险小说；使人毛骨悚然的东西；使人毛骨悚然的小说
 - chiller

Word: pulp
Front: pulp
[pʌlp] (托雅宝 8643/11972 -1)
Vocabulary: pulp
(once / 1318 pages)
1nv 2n
Pulp is a soft, squishy, or slightly wet mush. The soft inside part of your tooth is pulp, and the soft flesh of a peach is also pulp.
There are many kinds of pulp, including the soggy stuff that starts out as trees and ends up as paper. The process of turning wood into paper starts with pulp, the stripped wood fibers that are steamed and ground or mixed with chemicals before being bleached and dried. Magazines printed on very rough, inexpensive paper were once also referred to as pulps, leading to the name "pulp fiction" for cheap, sensational books and magazines.
WORD FAMILY
pulp: pulped, pulping, pulps, pulpy+/pulpy: pulpier, pulpiest, pulpily, pulpiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mendieta is a classic pulp detective: hapless, tough and driven, kind of corrupt but the only cop around not on the cartel’s payroll.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Drain 10 minutes, discard juices, and place pulp in a bowl.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A man was pulping sugar canes into a drink.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 纸浆，黏浆状物质; 果肉; 牙髓; [冶]矿浆
vt. 使…化成纸浆; 除去…的果肉; 取出（咖啡豆的）果肉
vi. 变成纸浆; 成为浆状
adj. <美俚>（杂志）低级趣味的
时态：pulped, pulping, pulps
分布：纸浆(54%)，果肉(24%)，牙髓(20%)，使成为浆状(1%)，除去 ... 的果肉(1%)
→来自拉丁语pulpa,纸浆，木浆，来自pel,粉，粉尘，糊，词源同pollen,polenta.
【记】读：泡泡，在搅和果酱和纸浆的时候会出现大量的泡泡。
noun
WET SUBSTANCE 泥状物
[S or U]
■a soft wet mass 浆状物，泥状物
• Mash the bananas to a pulp and then mix in the yoghurt. 把香蕉捣成糊状，然后拌到酸乳酪里。
uncountable
■small pieces of paper, cloth or wood mixed with water until they form a soft wet mass, used for making paper 纸浆
• wood pulp 木纸浆
• a pulp mill 磨纸浆机
[pʌlp] noun
BOOKS 书
uncountable disapproving
■books and magazines which are of low quality in the way they are produced and the stories and articles they contain （纸质低劣、内容庸俗的）低级书刊，劣质书刊
• pulp fiction 低俗小说
[pʌlp] noun
beat sb to a pulp informal
■to hit someone repeatedly until they are badly injured 狠揍（或痛打）某人
[pʌlp] verb transitive
■to make something into a pulp 把…捣成（或压成）浆
• Old newspapers are pulped and recycled. 旧报纸被化成纸浆重新利用。
n. 纸浆； [食品] 果肉；黏浆状物质
 - sarcocarp

Word: stuffed
Front: stuffed
[stʌft] (8635/14453)
Back: adj. 充满的; 饱的
v. 塞住( stuff的过去式和过去分词 ); 把…装进; 把…装满; （使）吃撑
分布：塞满了的(34%)，动词stuff的过去式和过去分词.(33%)，喂饱的(33%)
adjective
FULL 填满
■when something is filled with material in order to keep its shape 填制的，填充以保持形状的
• a collection of stuffed birds 一组鸟类标本
[after verb] informal
■(of a person) having eaten enough or too much （人）吃饱的，吃撑的
• "No more for me thanks - I'm stuffed." 谢谢，我不要了---我饱了。
[stʌft] adjective
COOKING 烹饪
■filled with a stuffing 填料，馅
• stuffed peppers 镶甜椒

Word: grown-up
Front: grown-up
[ɡrəʊn ʌp] (-1)
Back: adj. 成年的，成人的; 成熟的; 适合于成人的
n. 成年人
分布：成年人(84%)，成人的(16%)
a.成长的,成熟的,成人的n.成年人The grown-up growled at a crowd of crows.那个成年人对着一群公鸡咆哮.
US [ˈgroʊn-]
 ADVANCED
■an adult, used especially when talking to children （尤指用于对儿童说话时）大人，成年人
• Ask a grown-up to cut the shape out for you. 请大人来替你剪出这个形状。
adjective UK [ˌgrəʊnˈʌp] US [ˌgroʊn-]
 ADVANCED
■If you say that someone is grown-up, you mean that they are an adult or that they behave in a responsible way 成年的，成熟的
• She has two grown-up children who work in the family business. 她有两个孩子，都已长大成人，在他们的家族企业工作。
• He seems very grown-up for a ten-year-old. 做为一个十岁的小朋友，他看上去很成熟。
• This book is a bit too grown-up for you (= you are too young to understand this book). 这本书对你这个年龄的孩子来说有点困难了。
mature, ripe, adult, grown-up
mature: 泛指动植物的成熟
ripe: 主要用于果实成熟；
adult: 强调法律规定的成年人；
grown-up: 身体发育成熟；
adj. 成熟的
 - developed, mature, adult
n. 成年人
 - adult, major

Word: woo
Front: woo
[wu:] (高宝 8645/9768 -2)
Vocabulary: woo
(once / 593 pages)
v
When you woo someone, you are being charming because you think that it will make them love you more. You want to win their heart, so you woo them, you flirty dog you.
Poetry is a great way to woo someone, because who could resist such beautiful words? Wooing requires a romantic heart and a lot of focused attention on the person you desire. But wooing isn’t always just done for love, and you can woo someone because you want their support, like when a rock band woos a record label to release their album, or wooing your grandmother because you need to borrow some money.
WORD FAMILY
woo: wooed, wooer, wooing, woos+/wooer: wooers/wooing: wooings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And for another, Cleveland — despite efforts to sell bobbleheads and woo conventioneers — remains a city with a chip on its shoulder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
All before that it’s “turn up, get lit, get drunk, get high, party, woo woo woo” and before you leave, “Let me pray over you.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Twice a week at the Potomac Community Recreation Center, he wooed potential students with exhibitions of his world-class talent.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 求爱，求婚; 争取…的支持
vi. 求爱; 恳求
时态：wooed, wooing, woos
分布：求爱(50%)，求婚(40%)，寻求支持(10%)
→词源不详，可能来自古英语wog,弯曲，弯腰，引申义恭敬，求爱。
【记】象声词：雄鹿求爱时的woowoo的声音。
[wu:] (wooing, wooed, wooed)
verb transitive
■to try to persuade someone to support you or to use your business 争取；努力说服
• The party has been trying to woo the voters with promises of electoral reform. 该政党承诺进行选举改革，以争取选民的支持。
• The airline has been offering discounted tickets to woo passengers away from their competitors. 这家航空公司一直在出售折扣机票，以从竞争对手那里争取乘客。
■old-fashioned
■If a man woos a woman, he gives her a lot of attention in an attempt to persuade her to marry him （男子）向…求爱，向…求婚
• He wooed her for months with flowers and expensive presents. 他用鲜花和昂贵的礼物追求了她好几个月。
vt. 追求；招致；向…求爱；恳求
 - invite, secure, spell
vi. 求爱；恳求
 - court, pray for

Word: nostril
Front: nostril
[ˈnɒstrəl] (8649/8980 -1)
Vocabulary: nostril
(once / 651 pages)
n
A nostril is one of the two holes in your nose through which you breathe, smell, and (sometimes) sneeze. Try not to get anything stuck in your nostrils; they're important passageways!
Your nostrils are extremely important, since they provide a direct connection to your lungs — for air — and your olfactory nerves, which your body uses to smell things. You are almost certainly aware of your two external nostrils, but you may not know that you've got two more, inside your head at the very back of the nasal cavity. Most animals have nostrils, even fish — though they use theirs only for smelling, not for breathing. Fittingly, the Old English source of nostril, nosðirl, translates to "the hole of the nose."
WORD FAMILY
nostril: nostrils
USAGE EXAMPLES
I administered diuretics and fitted an oxygen tube to his nostrils.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Nose scrunched up, nostrils flared, smile playing on her lips.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The new smell of sweat and old smell of cologne filled my nostrils.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 鼻孔; 鼻孔内壁
分布：鼻孔(100%)
→nos,鼻子，-tril,洞，词源同through.
US ['nɑ:.strəl] noun countable
■either of the two openings in the nose through which air moves when you breathe 鼻孔
• The horses came to a halt, steam streaming from their nostrils. 这些马停了下来，鼻孔喷着热气。
n. [解剖] 鼻孔
 - naris, nare

Word: helm
Front: helm
[helm] (宝 8641/14404 -1)
Vocabulary: helm
(once / 584 pages)
nv
The person at the helm is the person in charge, and if you happen to be at sea, that person is the one steering the boat with a device called a helm, the mechanism that keeps the boat on course.
When someone takes over from someone else — as when a newly elected official takes office, or when a company appoints a new head — you would say that new person has taken the helm. But if you're going to take the helm or be at the helm, you can't have an empty boat. There's got to be a group in there with you that you're taking the helm for, guiding them all.
WORD FAMILY
helm: helmed, helming, helms
USAGE EXAMPLES
George Miller, who directed other “Mad Max” films, was at the helm of this reboot, starring Tom Hardy and Charlize Theron.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Helms was the driver of a vehicle that crashed with another car on Oct.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Most accounts of the second world war devote little space to women; Helm helps to restore the balance.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 舵，舵柄; 掌舵，掌管; （国家，企业等的）机要部门，领; 头盔
vt. 指挥; 给…掌舵; 给…戴上头盔
分布：舵(56%)，掌舵(35%)，控制(4%)，领导地位(3%)，驾驶盘(2%)
→来自古英语helma,船桨，船舵，来自Proto-Germanic*halbma,来自kelp,抓住，握住，词源同halter,helve,help.
【记】hel＝hell（n 地狱），m门：helm就是通往hell的m，联想titanic
noun countable
■the handle or wheel which controls the direction in which a ship or boat travels 舵柄；舵轮
• Who was at the helm when the collision occurred? 发生碰撞时，是谁在掌舵？
at the helm
■officially controlling an organization or company 负责，掌管
• With Steve Lewis at the helm, we are certain of success. 由史蒂夫‧路易士负责，我们肯定会成功。
take the helm
■to start to officially control an organization or company 开始负责，开始掌管
n. 舵；舵柄；领导地位；驾驶盘
 - steering wheel, handwheel
vt. 指挥；给...掌舵
 - officer, captain, boss, lead

Word: monarch
Front: monarch
[ˈmɒnək] (研六托宝 8640/5743 -2)
Vocabulary: monarch
(once / 150 pages)
1n 2n
If you think the Queen of England is just the coolest thing ever, then you like monarchs: hereditary rulers of countries usually known as King or Queen.
You might think your Principal rules with absolute power, but that's not really true: there's a school board and an administration and he can't really control everything. But a monarch can. Monarch comes from the Greek mono, "one," and archon, "ruler." Many modern monarchies actually have parliaments and constitutions, leaving the monarch more symbolic than powerful. A monarch is also a particularly royal looking butterfly with orange wings and black and white spots.
WORD FAMILY
monarch: monarchal, monarches, monarchical, monarchs, monarchy +/monarchic: monarchically/monarchism: monarchist/monarchist: monarchists/ monarchy: monarchic, monarchies, monarchism
USAGE EXAMPLES
The monarch, who became king in 2004, is largely respected by the public and seen as being above politics.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Last year, an anonymous letter by a nephew of the monarch was published online, calling on his uncles to remove their brother, King Salman.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
James said that the underdrawing suggests that the artist added wrinkles and creases to the monarch’s face without actually seeing her.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 君主，帝王; 最高统治者; [动]黑脉金斑蝶
分布：君主(71%)，帝王(22%)，统治者(6%)，君王斑点蝶(1%)
→mon-,单个的，-arch,统治，管理，词源同anarchy.即单人统治，引申词义君主，帝王。
君主,独裁者(mon+arch统治者→一个统治者)[mono-表示"单个,一个"]
n.帝王,君主,最高统治者The monstrous monarch monopolied monarchy.可怕的君主垄断了君主国.
US ['mɑ:.nɚk] noun countable
■a king or queen 君主；国王；皇帝；女王；女皇
• a hereditary monarch 世袭的国王
• Britain's head of state is a constitutional monarch (= only has very limited powers). 英国的国家元首是君主立宪的女王。
n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者
 - emperor, sovereignty

Word: seep
Front: seep
[si:p] (托雅宝 8656/9497 -1)
Vocabulary: seep
(once / 4827 pages)
v
Seep means to leak slowly. When you see the word, imagine water coming in through your sneakers on a rainy day. It's not a lot of water, but your feet still get pretty wet.
The word seep is related to the Dutch word for ooze. Oil seeps from the earth and blood seeps from a wound. Seep falls somewhere between gush and drip on a scale of how liquid flows and suggests a liquid that is thick, and unwanted. In the figurative sense, some things that seep, like bad thoughts that seep into your mind, are also unwanted. But sometimes you wish that the flow would increase like when financial aid only seeps into a disaster zone.
WORD FAMILY
seep: seepage, seeped, seeping, seeps+/seepage: seepages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emotion would seep through later, triggered by a news alert, a mindless cleaning task, a photograph.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Is it the global doom seeping into fiction, or just a coincidence?
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Seawater, but not marine organisms, would seep through the sand, supplying a main pipe connected to the desalination complex.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. （液体）渗; 渗透; 渗出; 漏出
n. 水陆两用吉普车; 小水坑
时态：seeped, seeping, seeps
分布：渗出(51%)，渗漏(28%)，小泉(13%)，水坑(8%)
→来自古英语 sipian,渗透，流出，来自 Proto-Germanic*sip,渗透，流出，来自 seip,流出， 溢出，词源同 soap,sebum.
【记】see看，p屁：看屁seep
【区】peep（v /n 偷看）
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something 渗出；渗漏
• Pesticides are seeping out of farmland and into the water supply. 杀虫剂正从农田中渗出，进入供水系统。
• figurative Given the intense secrecy of the arms business, information only seeps out in company literature. 由于军火贸易极度保密，只能从公司的资料中获得一点蛛丝马迹。
vi. 漏；渗出
 - leak
n. 小泉；水陆两用的吉普车
 - springlet

Word: eyelid
Front: eyelid
[ˈaɪlɪd] (8666/9060 -1)
Vocabulary: eyelid
(once / 750 pages)
n
Your eyelid is the piece of skin that closes over your eyeball when you blink. The purpose of your eyelids is to protect your eye (and, of course, to be decorated with eye shadow).
When you close your eyes to go to sleep, you're actually closing your eyelids — and they are making it easier for you to sleep by blocking any light from your eyes. Humans actually have upper and lower eyelids that keep dust, sweat, and other substances out of their eyes, and also spread moisture across the entire eye with each blink.
WORD FAMILY
eyelid: eyelids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few would dare start to learn Latin dance here, but if you do, no one will bat an eyelid.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The lights surprise most travelers, who are typically staring into phones, computers or closed eyelids.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
They were like tiny pimples, each with whitish pus at the tips, and they covered the whole of his face, even his eyelids.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 眼睑; 眼皮
分布：眼睑(66%)，眼皮(34%)
noun countable
■either of the two pieces of skin which can close over each eye 眼睑，眼皮
n. [解剖] 眼睑；眼皮
 - palpebrae, lid

Word: cradle
Front: cradle
[ˈkreɪdl] (研六雅 8639/9753 -1)
Vocabulary: cradle
(once / 542 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v 4v
To cradle is to hold delicately and gently, like how you would hold an infant. A cradle is the tiny bed with rockers that the infant sleeps in.
The word cradle comes to us from the Old English word cradol, which meant "little bed or cot." And while it is important to cradle a baby's head when you pick them up out of their cradle, this word isn't all baby talk. Ever heard of ancient Greece? Otherwise known as "the cradle of democracy?" That's because the noun version of cradle can be used to poetically describe the birthplace of a movement or the area where an early idea was nurtured.
WORD FAMILY
cradle: cradled, cradles, cradling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five days before the hearing, Jones was cradling a phone against his ear and typing another pizza order into a computer.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Pink posted a photo of herself cradling her newborn son, Jameson Moon Hart.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I cradled my coffee like a prayer book and tried to remember every little thing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 摇篮; 发源地，发祥地; 吊架，支架; 婴儿时期
vt. 将…置于摇篮中; 轻轻地抱或捧; 抚养; 把…搁在支架上
时态：cradled, cradling, cradles
分布：摇篮(84%)，发祥地(10%)，支架(5%)，怀抱(1%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同ring, crib.
n.摇篮;发源地Greece was the cradle of western civilization.希腊是西方文明的发源地.
noun countable
BED 床
■a small bed for a baby, especially one that swings from side to side 摇床；摇篮
• The nurse rocked the cradle. 保姆摇动摇篮。
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
TELEPHONE 电话
■the object that you put a mobile phone, camera, PDA , etc. into in order to recharge (= put power into) its batteries or connect it to a computer （行动电话、相机、掌上型电脑等的）传输座（用来充电或把设备与电脑相连）
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
EQUIPMENT 设备 UK (US scaffold)
■a frame which hangs on the side of a building, ship, etc. for people to work from （悬挂在建筑物、船等侧面供工作用的）脚手架，吊架，吊篮
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
the cradle of sth literary
■the place where something started …的摇篮；…的发源地，…的发祥地
• Fossil records indicate that Africa was the cradle of early human evolution. 化石记载表明非洲是早期人类进化的摇篮。
• the cradle of civilisation 文明的发源地
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
from (the) cradle to (the) grave
■for all of a person's life 从生到死，一辈子
• She lived in the same village from the cradle to the grave. 她一辈子都住在同一个村庄里。
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
The hand that rocks the cradle (rules the world). saying
■said to emphasize that women have a strong influence on events through their children 摇摇篮的手（统治着世界）（强调母亲对孩子的深远影响）。
['kreɪ.dl] verb transitive
■to hold something or someone gently, especially by supporting with the arms （尤指用手臂）轻托，轻抱
• She cradled him tenderly in her arms. 她把他轻轻地抱在怀里。
n. 摇篮；发源地；发祥地； [建] [医] 支船架
 - bassinet, berceau
vt. 抚育；把...搁在支架上；把...放在摇篮内
 - foster

Word: paranoid
Front: paranoid
[ˈpærənɔɪd] (宝 8652/11364 -1)
Vocabulary: paranoid
(once / 8008 pages)
adjn
Someone who is paranoid has an irrational and obsessive distrust of others, like your paranoid friend who worries that everyone from the principal to the neighborhood pre-schoolers are out to get him.
A paranoid person suffers from paranoia, the unreasonable fear or irrational belief that other people are plotting to harm him or her. How can you spot paranoid people? They tend to obsess over other people talking about them. They believe there are no accidents or coincidences — the cafeteria running out of fries just as they reach the front of the line — just plans to hurt, embarrass, or otherwise bring them down.
WORD FAMILY
paranoid: paranoids+/ paranoia: paranoiac, paranoias, paranoid /paranoiac: paranoiacs
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also stopped sending her sons to school, paranoid about the government and world around her.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The nuclear brinkmanship of North Korea’s paranoid regime increased regional tensions.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Worried Hubby: You admit to being at least a little paranoid about this long-standing friendship.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 属于偏执狂的; 患妄想狂的; 过分猜疑的
n. 偏执狂患者; 妄想症患者
分布：多疑的(69%)，类似妄想狂的(31%)
→来自paranoia,妄想症，-oid,类，像，词源同android,ovoid.
US ['per.ə.nɔɪd] adjective
■feeling extremely nervous and worried because you believe that other people do not like you or are trying to harm you 偏执的，多疑的
• He started feeling paranoid and was convinced his boss was going to fire him. 他开始疑神疑鬼，确信老板要解雇他。
■specialized
■suffering from a mental illness in which you believe that other people are trying to harm you 患多疑症的，患偏执狂的
• He was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. 他被诊断患有妄想型精神分裂症。
• paranoid delusions 偏执型妄想症
UK ['pær.ən.ɔɪd] US ['per.ə.nɔɪd] adjective
Just because I'm paranoid doesn't mean they're not out to get me. humorous saying
■said when you recognise that you generally worry too much about people trying to harm you, but believe that in this particular situation people really are trying to harm you 表示你意识到在一般情况下自己过度担心受人伤害，但相信在这个特定情况下别人真的有加害之心

Word: champion
Front: champion
[ˈtʃæmpiən] (高研四六托雅宝 2758/1938 -4)
Vocabulary: champion
(once / 106 pages)
1nadj 2nv
A champion is a winner, or someone who's really good at something. If you are a champion chess player, you are a superstar! When crowds sing Queen's "We Are the Champions" at football games, they are celebrating the fact that their team won.
Champion comes from the Latin word campionem for "gladiator, fighter." Rarr! No need to grab your sword, but a champion is also a person who fights for a cause. If you are the champion of fundraising, you keep pushing to raise money. As a verb, to champion means to protect or fight for something. You champion your little brother by defending him against meanies — no matter what, you are always on his side.
WORD FAMILY
champion: championed, championing, champions, championship +/ championship: championships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pearson missed the front end of the one-and-one, Robert Champion grabbed the defensive rebound and Benzan drove for the winner.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The early signs were far from positive for the defending champion, who looked very rusty as world No63 won the opening four games.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s all about avoiding a relegation dogfight for struggling champion Leicester, which is six points from danger.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 冠军; 捍卫者，拥护者; 战士
vt. 为…而斗争，捍卫，声援
adj. 优胜的; 第一流的
时态：championed, championing, champions
分布：冠军(90%)，拥护(4%)，拥护者(3%)，优胜者(2%)，勇士(1%)
→来自camp, 平原，平地，战场。原指战场上的胜利者。
n.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士On the camp of the campus the campaign champion put the camera on the camel.在校园的营地上运动冠军将摄影机放在骆驼上.
【参】championship（n 锦标赛）
【反】impugn（v 打击）；disparage（vt 蔑视，使失去信誉）
noun countable
WINNER 获胜者
 ESSENTIAL (informal champ)
■someone or something, especially a person or animal, that has beaten all other competitors in a competition （尤指人或动物）冠军，获胜者
• an Olympic champion 奥运会冠军
• She is the world champion for the third year in succession. 她第三次蝉联世界冠军。
• The defending champion will play his first match of the tournament tomorrow. 卫冕冠军将在明天参加锦标赛的第一场比赛。
• Who are the reigning European football champions? 谁是目前的欧洲足球冠军？
['tʃæm.pi.ən] noun countable
SUPPORTER 拥护者
■a person who enthusiastically supports, defends or fights for a person, belief, right or principle 拥护者；卫士，捍卫者；斗士
• She has long been a champion of prisoners' rights/the disabled/free speech. 长期以来，她一直是囚犯权益／残疾人士利益／言论自由的捍卫者。
['tʃæm.pi.ən] verb transitive
■to support, defend or fight for a person, belief, right or principle enthusiastically 支持，声援，捍卫（人、信仰、权利或原则），为…斗争
• He has championed constitutional reform for many years. 他支持宪法改革好多年了。
['tʃæm.pi.ən] adjective exclamation mainly Northern informal
■excellent 优秀的，第一流的，很好的
n. 冠军；拥护者；战士
 - title, first
vt. 支持；拥护
 - encourage, second, back, carry, hand
adj. 优胜的；第一流的
 - classical, royal

Word: lending
Front: lending
[ˈlendɪŋ] (8648/6735)
Back: n. 出借; 出租; 贷款; 出借物
v. 把…借给( lend的现在分词 ); 贷（款）; 增加; 增添
分布：借贷(94%)，借贷物(3%)，动词lend的现在分词形式.(3%)
VERB
借（钱）(给…)；（银行）货（款）
When people or organizations such as banks lend you money, they give it to you and you agree to pay it back at a future date, often with an extra amount as interest.
例：The bank is reassessing its criteria for lending money...银行正重新评估其贷款标准。
例：I had to lend him ten pounds to take his children to the pictures.我只好借给他10英镑，让他带孩子们去看电影。
VERB
借出；把…借给
If you lend something that you own, you allow someone to have it or use it for a period of time.
例：Will you lend me your jacket for a little while?...你能把上衣借给我穿一会儿吗？
例：He had lent the bungalow to the Conrads for a couple of weeks.他把那间平房借给康拉德一家住了两三个星期。
VERB
提供，给予（支持）
If you lend your support to someone or something, you help them with what they are doing or with a problem that they have.
例：He was approached by the organisers to lend support to a benefit concert...主办方找过他，希望他能对慈善音乐会给予支持。
例：Stipe attended yesterday's news conference to lend his support.斯蒂普出席了昨天的新闻发布会以示支持。
VERB
使适合；使有帮助；使易遭受
If something lends itself to a particular activity or result, it is easy for it to be used for that activity or to achieve that result.
例：The room lends itself well to summer eating with its light, airy atmosphere.这个房间又亮堂又通风，夏天在此用餐最合适不过。
VERB
平添；增添；赋予
If something lends a particular quality to something else, it adds that quality to it.
例：Enthusiastic applause lent a sense of occasion to the proceedings...热烈的掌声给活动平添了几分隆重的色彩。
例：A more relaxed regime and regular work lends the inmates a dignity not seen in other prisons.由于管理较为宽松而且经常从事劳动，这里的囚犯因此多了一份其他监狱的囚犯所没有的尊严感。
v. 贷款；提供（lend的ing形式）；借给
 - offering

Word: uniquely
Front: uniquely
[jʊ'ni:klɪ] (8638/8640)
Back: adv. 独特地，唯一地，珍奇地
分布：独特地(40%)，珍奇地(30%)，唯一地(30%)
ADJ
唯一的；独一无二的
Something that is unique is the only one of its kind.
例：Each person's signature is unique...每个人的签名都是独一无二的。
例：The area has its own unique language, Catalan.这个地区有自己单独的语言，加泰罗尼亚语。
ADJ-GRADED
独特的；无与伦比的
You can use unique to describe things that you admire because they are very unusual and special.
例：Brett's vocals are just unique...布雷特的歌声无与伦比。
例：Kauffman was a woman of unique talent and determination.考夫曼是一个有着超群才智和决断力的女子。
ADJ
独有的；特有的
If something is unique to one thing, person, group, or place, it concerns or belongs only to that thing, person, group, or place.
例：No one knows for sure why adolescence is unique to humans...没有人确切地知道为什么只有人类才会经历青春期。
例：This interesting and charming creature is unique to Borneo.这种有趣迷人的动物是婆罗洲独有的。
adv. 独特地；珍奇地
 - particularly, inimitably

Word: curry
Front: curry
[ˈkʌri] (8658/10262 -1)
Vocabulary: curry
(once / 1461 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
Curry is a South Asian-style dish of vegetables or meat in a very flavorful, spicy sauce. You can try many types of curry in an Indian restaurant.
There are different curries from different parts of Asia — a Thai curry, for example, might consist of shrimp and vegetables in a rich yellow sauce. When curry is a verb, it can mean "make curry," but it's more commonly "groom a horse." A curry comb, in fact, is specially made for this purpose. This curry comes from the Anglo-French curreier, "to comb a horse," while the dish has a Tamil root, kari, "sauce."
WORD FAMILY
curry: curried, currier, curries, currying+/currier: curriers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Warriors said the shoes Curry wore against the New York Knicks on Dec. 15 were auctioned off to an anonymous bidder for $30,101.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Curry in this one, with Stephen guarding brother Seth and vice versa for short stints.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She then mixes it with coconut milk, tops it off with ginger beer and garnishes it with fresh curry leaves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 咖喱食品; 梳刷（马匹）
vt. 在…中加咖喱; 用马栉梳（马毛等）
时态：curried, currying, curries
分布：咖哩粉(45%)，咖哩饭菜(20%)，制革(15%)，用咖哩粉调味(10%)，用马栉梳(10%)
→1. 咖喱，来自南印度语，也叫做masala. 如masala chicken, masala mutton.
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dish, originally from South Asia, consisting of meat or vegetables cooked in a spicy sauce （源自印度的）咖喱食品，咖喱菜肴
• a hot (= very spicy) curry 辛辣的咖喱菜
• a mild (= slightly spicy) curry 微辣的咖喱菜肴
• vegetable/chicken/lamb curry 咖喱蔬菜／鸡／羊肉
• curry sauce 咖喱汁
UK ['kʌr.i] US ['kɝ:-] verb
GET 获得
curry favour disapproving
■to praise someone, especially someone in authority, in a way that is not sincere, in order to get some advantage for yourself （尤指对当权者）讨好，奉承，拍马屁
• He's always trying to curry favour with the boss. 他总是想方设法拍老板马屁。
UK ['kʌr.i] US ['kɝ:-] verb
FOOD 食品
transitive
■to make a curry with something 用咖喱烹调
• Let's curry the leftover meat. 我们把剩下的肉做成咖喱肉吧。
UK ['kʌr.i] US ['kɝ:-] verb
CLEAN 清洗
transitive specialized
■to clean and brush a horse with a special comb （用马梳）梳刷，梳洗（马匹）
n. 咖哩粉， [食品] 咖喱；咖哩饭菜；梳刷；鞭打
 - flogging, fladge

Word: raise
Front: raise
[reɪz] (中高托 433/510 -K5)
Vocabulary: raise
(once / 29 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v 4v
If you raise your hand, you put it up in the air. If you raise your daughter, you “bring her up” from childhood to adulthood. And, if you raise the roof, you and a crowd of people cheer wildly for a performer.
Raise can be used almost any time you bring something up, either literally: “if you raise the lid on that trap door you will see a secret passage,” or figuratively: “please don't raise the topic of my arachnophobia.” The verb raise comes from the Old English word ræran, which means “to rear,” as in, “do you really want to raise your children in that town?” As a noun, a raise can also mean a salary increase.
WORD FAMILY
raise: raisable, raiseable, raised, raiser, raises, raising+/raised: raisedest, unraised/raiser: raisers/raising: raisingly, raisings
USAGE EXAMPLES
More rain fell in October than in three decades, raising the state’s major reservoirs in Northern California and hopes that the drought will soon end.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
They say all potential revenue increases should be on the table, including raising the gas tax and imposing tolls.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Trump signaled more protective U.S. trade policies, raising concerns about the impact on developing markets.
Reuters(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: v. 提升; 增加; 养育; 筹集
n. 提升; 增加; 高处; 举起
时态：raised, raising, raises
分布：提出(33%)，举起(16%)，引起(14%)，上升(12%)，饲养(11%)，升起(8%)，高地(5%)，增高(1%)
→来自中古英语 raisen,上升，举起，来自 Proto-Germanic*risana,上升，举起，来自 rei,上 升，举起，词源同 rise,rear.引申词义养育，培植。
v.举起,提升;增加;饲养;引起;竖起;提出The rising risk arises from the surprised fund raiser's praise of the appraisal.上升的风险起因于受惊的资金聚集者对评估的赞美.
verb transitive
LIFT 举起
 ESSENTIAL
■to lift something to a higher position 举起；抬起；提起
• Would all those in favour please raise their hands ? 赞成的人请举手好吗？
• He raised the window and leaned out. 他把窗户推上去后探出身子。
• Mary Quant was the first fashion designer to raise hemlines. 玛丽．匡特是第一个把裙子裁短的时装设计师。
[reɪz] verb transitive
INCREASE 增加
 ESSENTIAL
■to cause something to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc 增加；提高；改善
• The government plan to raise taxes. 政府计划增税。
• I had to raise my voice (= speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise. 在一片喧哗声中，我不得不提高嗓门好让大家听见。
• The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised. 督学说学校必须提高办学标准。
• Our little chat has raised my spirits (= made me feel happier). 我们闲聊了一小会，我的情绪好些了。
[reɪz] verb transitive
EXIST 存在
 ESSENTIAL
■to cause to exist 引起；导致；使存在
• Her answers raised doubts/fears/suspicions in my mind. 她的回答使我心里感到疑惑／害怕／怀疑。
• This discussion has raised many important issues/problems. 这次讨论引出了很多重要的议题／问题。
• The announcement raised a cheer/laugh. 该通知引起大家一片欢呼／哄堂大笑。
• I want to raise (= talk about) two problems/questions with you. 我想跟你探讨／问你两个问题。
• I want to start my own business if I can raise (= obtain) the money/cash/capital/funds. 如果我能够筹集到钱款／现金／资本／资金的话，我想创办自己的公司。
• formal The chapel was raised (= built) as a memorial to her son. 这座小教堂是为了纪念她的儿子而修建的。
[reɪz] verb transitive
DEVELOP 生长
 ESSENTIAL
■to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown 养育；喂养；种植
• Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents. 她从小父母就去世了，是祖父母把她抚养大的。
• The lambs had to be raised by hand (= fed artificial milk by people) when their mother died. 母羊死后，这些小羊只得靠人工喂养。
• The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs. 这个农场主饲养鸡和猪。
• The soil around here isn't good enough for raising (= growing) crops. 这附近地区的土壤不够肥沃，不能种庄稼。
[reɪz] verb transitive
CARD GAMES 牌
■If you raise another player in a game of cards, you risk more money than that player has risked （赌牌时）比对手多下赌注，提高（赌注），加赌注
• I'll raise you. 我要提高赌注。
• [+ two objects] I'll raise you $50. 我要比你多押50美元。
[reɪz] verb transitive
STOP 停止 formal
■to end or stop 解除；终止；解（禁）
• They agreed to raise the trade embargo if three conditions were met. 如果满足三个条件，他们同意解除贸易禁运。
• After three weeks the siege was raised. 三个星期后解除了围困。
[reɪz] verb transitive
COMMUNICATE 联系
■to communicate with someone, especially by telephone or radio （尤指透过电话或无线电）与…取得联系，与…通话
• I've been trying to raise Jack/Tokyo all day. 我一整天都试图与杰克／东京取得联系。
[reɪz] verb transitive
raise (a few) eyebrows
■to cause surprise or shock 使人吃惊；令人震惊
• Jemma's miniskirt raised a few eyebrows at the board meeting. 杰玛穿超短裙去参加董事会会议，令众人惊讶不已。
[reɪz] verb transitive
raise your game
■to make an effort to improve the way that you do something 努力改进
• They're going to have to raise their game if they want to stay in the Premiership this season. 如果他们这个季度还想继续参加足球超级联赛，他们就必须努力改善表现。
[reɪz] verb transitive
raise your hand to/against sb
■to hit someone 打（某人）
• Never raise your hand to a child. 绝对不要打孩子。
[reɪz] noun countable US for rise (= increase in pay) 加薪
• She asked the boss for a raise. 她要求老板给她加薪。
enhance, raise, heighten, intensify, aggravate
enhance: 提高，增强：靠增添某种能增强物质的价值、魅力或声望的东西以指某物超出常规水平或通常的喜人程度或吸引力
raise: 提高，增强，养育，种植，饲养
heighten: 提高到超出平常、陈腐或平庸之辈的承程度，并在尖锐和深刻方面有所增强，表示常规合习惯，现状的升级，侧重加强加深加重
intensify: 一物的加深加强强化到很显著、罕见的深度式强度，尤其是在其特性方面
aggravate: 明显加强了那已是令人不快、困难重重的环境，条件的严重性，说明严重性的增加，要求给与注意
raise, extend, increase, expand, inflate, add
raise: 提高
extend: (程度、长度)
increase: 增加
expand: （尺码，数量，稳定性）扩大，增加，提高
inflate: 膨胀，鼓气，涨价
add: 增加，添加
elevate, raise, hoist, heave, lift, boost
这组词都有“升起，举起”的意思，其区别是：
elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。
raise: 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。
hoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。
heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。
lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。
boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
arise, raise, rise, lift
这组词都有“上升，举起”的意思，其区别是：
arise: 书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修辞色彩。
raise: 及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。
rise: 普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。
lift: 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
arise, raise, rise, arise from, give raise to
arise: vi 出现，发生
raise: vt 提高
rise: vi 上升，升起
arise from: 由….引起
give raise to: 引起
enhance, raise, feed
enhance: 增强，提高，美化（多用于抽象意义）
raise: 养育（孩子），饲养（家畜），生产（作物）,提高，上升，养育
feed: 给（人或动物）食物
vt. 提高；筹集；养育；升起
 - enhance, mother, foster, breed
vi. 上升
 - arise, go up, climb
n. 高地；上升；加薪
 - height, rise, altitude, elevation, upgrade

Word: pathogen
Front: pathogen
[ˈpæθədʒən] (托宝 8637/17757)
Vocabulary: pathogen
(once / 12960 pages)
n
A pathogen is a tiny living organism, such as a bacterium or virus, that makes people sick. Washing your hands frequently helps you avoid the pathogens that can make you sick.
Pathos is the Greek word for disease and -genes means "born of." So, a pathogen is something that causes disease, like a virus like the rhinovirus, which causes the common cold. At summer picnics, people are cautious about keeping certain foods like potato salad in coolers with ice — the eggs in such dishes spoil quickly out in the heat, introducing pathogens that can make people sick.
WORD FAMILY
pathogen: pathogenic, pathogens+/ pathogenic: pathogenically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also called pneumococcus, this pathogen is the most common perpetrator of community-acquired pneumonia, which is pneumonia that people get outside hospitals and nursing homes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In the gut, the lymphocytes maintain a barrier against pathogens.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"Every year we lose enough food to feed hundreds of millions of people to pathogens and parasites," he says.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 病菌，病原体
分布：病原体(100%)
→patho-,疾病的，-gen,产生，原，词源同antigen.
【记】patho不好的感觉，gen原－病原体
noun countable
■any small organism, such as a virus or a bacterium which can cause disease 病原体
• a dangerous pathogen 一种危险的病原体
n. [基医] 病原体；病菌
 - causative agent, harmful bacteria

Word: eruption
Front: eruption
[ɪ'rʌpʃn] (六托 8662/6705)
Vocabulary: eruption
(once / 1071 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
An eruption is an explosion of steam and lava from a volcano. This word is also used for other explosions, such as "an eruption of emotions."
If there's an eruption of a volcano, you don't want to be anywhere near it. When a volcano erupts, it spews a huge amount of lava, ash, and steam into the air. If you were angry at a friend but held your tongue for a long time, then suddenly started yelling in anger, that's an eruption too. The sudden spreading of a disease could be called an eruption. Eruptions are quick, huge, explosive, and dangerous: they're never good news.
WORD FAMILY
eruption: eruptions+/ erupt: erupted, erupting, eruption, eruptive, erupts/eruptive: eruptively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latest eruption occurred Friday, producing an ash cloud that was believed to rise to about 20,000 feet.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The eruption caused the observatory to issue its highest alert level for aircraft.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Alaska Volcano Observatory says an eruption that produced ash started just after 2 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 喷发，爆发
分布：喷发(50%)，爆发(47%)，出疹(2%)，长牙(1%)
爆发(erupt+ion)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
VERB
（火山）喷发，爆发
When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of hot, melted rock called lava, as well as ash and steam.
例：The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Washington state...那座火山在1980年喷发，摧毁了华盛顿州大片地区。
例：Scientists say Mount Pinatubo could erupt again soon.科学家说皮纳图博山近期可能会再次喷发。
VERB
（冲突、战斗等）突然发生，爆发，突然加剧
If violence or fighting erupts, it suddenly begins or gets worse in an unexpected, violent way.
例：Heavy fighting erupted there today after a two-day ceasefire...在停火两天后，今天那里爆发了激烈的战斗。
例：Violence erupted as the boys were driven away in two police vans.两辆警车将男孩们带走时突然发生了暴力冲突。
VERB
（某地）爆发动乱;（人群）突然暴怒，发生骚乱
When people in a place suddenly become angry or violent, you can say that they erupt or that the place erupts .
例：In Los Angeles, the neighborhood known as Watts erupted into riots...在洛杉矶，一个叫做沃茨的街区爆发了动乱。
例：This region which had been relatively calm erupted in violence again this spring.已经相对平静的这个地区今年春天再次爆发暴力事件。
VERB
（感情）迸发，突然转变;（常指）变得狂躁
You say that someone erupts when they suddenly have a change in mood, usually becoming quite noisy.
例：Then, without warning, she erupts into laughter...然后在没有任何征兆的情况下，她突然大笑起来。
例：Newman fled barefoot as the cheated husband erupted in fury.被戴绿帽的丈夫勃然大怒，纽曼吓得光着脚逃走了。
VERB
（斑疹等）突然出现，冒出
If your skin erupts, sores or spots suddenly appear there.
例：At the end of the second week, my skin erupted in pimples.第二周周末，我的皮肤上突然出现了丘疹。
explosion, eruption
explosion: 爆炸
eruption: 爆发，突然发作
n. [天] 爆发， [地质] 喷发；火山灰；出疹
 - explosion, burst, outbreak

Word: stomp
Front: stomp
[stɒmp] (8646/20607 -1)
Vocabulary: stomp
(once / 5605 pages)
vn
When you stomp, you thud your feet down heavily as you walk. An angry teenager might stomp down the hall and slam the door to his room.
A little boy in big cowboy boots might stomp around the house enjoying the sound of his heels against the floor, and an awkward marching band could stomp heavily down the street playing the theme from "Rocky." You can also use the word stomp to describe a specific kind of stamping dance. This meaning has been around since about 1912, from popular jazz slang. The earlier stomp was simply a variation on the word stamp.
WORD FAMILY
stomp: stomped, stomper, stomping, stomps+/stomper: stompers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before the transformation was complete we moved our store back to our original stomping grounds in North Oakland.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
When Martin stomped in, he admitted that he’d driven to his paternal grandfather’s lake house and seen Noah there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The first time, other inmates broke her nose, and the second time, they stomped on her and knocked her unconscious, she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 跺脚，重踩; 顿足爵士舞
v. 跺脚，重踩; 践踏
时态：stomped, stomping, stomps
分布：重踏(60%)，跺脚舞(20%)，顿足爵士舞乐曲(20%)
US [stɑ:mp] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk with intentionally heavy steps, especially as a way of showing that you are annoyed 迈着沉重的步子走；（尤指）怒气冲冲地走
• She stomped up the stairs and slammed her bedroom door. 她跺着脚上了楼，重重地关上寝室的门。
• He woke up in a bad mood and stomped off to the bathroom. 他一觉醒来心情不佳，踩着重步走向浴室。
intransitive or transitive US for * stamp (FOOT) .
UK [stɒmp] US [stɑ:mp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  stomp on sb/sth mainly US to step down hard on someone or something 重踏，重踩
• I stomped on his toes and ran away. 我使劲跺了一下他的脚趾，然后跑了。
■mainly US
■to treat someone or something badly, or to defeat them 粗暴对待，虐待；打败
• This is another example of the big companies joining together to stomp on small businesses. 这又是一个大公司联合起来搞垮小企业的例子。
vt. 跺脚，重踩；践踏
 - stamp foot, tromp
n. 跺脚，重踩；顿足爵士舞
 - stamp

Word: crook
Front: crook
[krʊk] (宝 8651/8580 -2)
Vocabulary: crook
(once / 390 pages)
1nv 2n
A crook is long staff that’s bent at one end, like something you might see a shepherd carrying. A crook can also be a criminal — a person who’s dishonest, or bent, just like the staff.
The noun crook entered English in the 13th century as a way to describe the long tool with a hook at one end. It later took on the meaning of “petty criminal.” You can use crook as an informal way to describe someone who is dishonest. A crook is typically involved in minor or nonviolent crimes; you wouldn’t use the word to describe a murderer, for example. A con man or someone committing fraud could be called a crook.
WORD FAMILY
crook: crooked, crooking, crooks+/ crooked: crookeder, crookedest, crookedly, crookedness/crookedness: crookednesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a really cool experience. You learn a lot from All-State,” Crooks said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ibrahim, who declined to be fully identified because of the corruption crackdown, says he was not a big-time crook, like the accounting and revenue officials.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He said, ‘I looked her over real well and I couldn’t find anything wrong with her but one crooked tooth.’
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 骗子; 弯曲; 钩; 诡计
vt. 使成钩状; 使弯曲
vi. 弯曲
adj. 不正当的; 骗人的
时态：crooked, crooking, crooks
分布：弯曲(34%)，使弯曲(22%)，钩(17%)，诈骗(15%)，曲柄杖(8%)，使成钩状(4%)
→来自sker, 转，弯，词源同curve, crank.
【记】creek（n 小河）就是弯弯曲曲的，hook（n 钩子；v 钩）
【参】crooked（adj 弯曲的；不老实的）＝bent＝curved＝askew
noun
CRIMINAL 罪犯
countable informal
■a very dishonest person, especially a criminal or a cheat 骗子；无赖；（尤指）诈骗犯
• These politicians are just a bunch of crooks. 这些政客不过是一帮骗子。
[krʊk] noun
BEND 弯曲
the crook of your arm
■the inside part of your arm where it bends 臂弯
[krʊk] noun
STICK 棍子
countable
■a long stick with a curved end, especially one carried by a shepherd or a bishop （尤指牧羊人或主教用的）曲柄手杖
[krʊk] adjective Australian informal
■bad or ill 不好的，坏的；有病的
[krʊk] verb transitive old-fashioned
■to bend your arm or finger 使（手指或手臂）弯曲
• She delicately crooked her little finger as she picked up her tea cup. 她端茶杯时优雅地翘起小指。
curve, crook, twist, bend, bow
这组词都有“弯、弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
curve: 指变成曲线或弧线状的动作或状态。
crook: 指不规则的弯曲，也指按照规则或模型弯曲某物。
twist: 指通过转动、拧或扭使某物成弯曲状。
bend: 普通用词，指把某物变成曲线或角形。用于人时，指头部或身躯弯下。
bow: 指把头部或上身弯向前方的动作，也指社交中的礼节性动作。
n. 骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物
 - fraud, dog, sharp, loop
vt. [公路] 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗
 - wind, sell, curve, bend, fox
vi. [公路] 弯曲，成钩形
 - bend, double up

Word: ranger
Vocabulary: ranger
(once / 3559 pages)
1n 2n
A ranger is a person who takes care of a park or a piece of land. A park ranger makes sure the rules are followed and provides information to visitors.
Someone who takes a job as a forest ranger might patrol an area of wooded land, watching for fire danger and enforcing the rules. A ranger's tasks can vary from teaching kids about local plants and animals to fighting fires to arresting people who break laws in a state or national park. The original rangers were British employees of the king or queen who would "range" throughout the woods looking for poachers — people who illegally hunted on royal land.
WORD FAMILY
ranger: rangers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that’s rapidly changing, park ranger John Marciano said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Douglas shire council wants the state government to allow trained Indigenous rangers and other locals in remote areas to share that responsibility.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
As a National Trust ranger on the Cothele estate in Cornwall, my job involves everything from stonewalling and tree felling to running activities for schoolchildren.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)

Word: scalp
Front: scalp
[skælp] (8655/10221 -1)
Back: n. 头皮; 胜利品; 圆秃秃的山顶; 做股票小投机所得的微小利润
vt. 剥去…的头皮; 倒卖（黄牛票）; 以（某物）囤积居奇牟取暴利; 夺取（对方的势力）
vi. 卖（黄牛票）
时态：scalped, scalping, scalps
分布：头皮(98%)，胜利品(1%)，拨顶(1%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skalli,秃头，来自 skel,砍，切，词源同 scale,shell.引申词义头顶，头 皮，古代战争中剥下敌人头皮作为战利品，并引申俚语词义倒卖门票，黄牛。
noun countable
■the skin on the top of a person's head where hair usually grows 头皮
• a dry/oily/itchy scalp 干燥的／油性的／发痒的头皮
• Some tribes used to collect scalps to prove how many of the enemy they had killed in battle. 以前有些部落透过收集人的头皮来证明在战斗中杀死多少敌人。
■someone you defeat in a competition or election （在竞争或竞选中）击败的人； 手下败将
• Although they are expected to take some important scalps in the election, they are unlikely to form the next government. 尽管他们有可能在大选中击败一些重要人物，他们还是不可能组阁下一任政府。
[skælp] noun countable
be out for/after sb's scalp
■to want to defeat or punish someone in some way, especially to make them lose their job 决心击败（某人）；意图惩罚（某人）；（尤指）使（某人）丢掉工作
• He's made one mistake too many, and now they're out for his scalp. 他多次犯同一个错误，所以现在他们要把他解雇掉。
[skælp] verb transitive
SELL 卖 US informal
■to buy things, such as theatre tickets, at the usual prices and then sell them, when they are difficult to get, at much higher prices 卖黄牛票（戏票等）
[skælp] verb transitive
HEAD 头
■to cut off the scalp of a dead enemy as a sign of victory （作为战利品）剥下敌人尸体上）的头皮
humorous
■to cut someone's hair very short 把（某人）的头发理得很短
n. [解剖] 头皮；战利品
 - prize, capture

Word: cherish
Front: cherish
[ˈtʃerɪʃ] (研六托雅 8660/11106 -1)
Vocabulary: cherish
(once / 321 pages)
v
To cherish something is to care for it deeply, to treasure it, like the way you cherish the time you spend with a favorite person you don't see often.
The verb cherish is related to words that mean “costly” and “beloved.” When people really value something, often because they feel emotionally connected to it, they cherish it. Many of us cherish our first cars, and later in life, we cherish the memories of those days, driving around with our friends. Generally, people don't cherish things just because they cost money; they cherish experiences that matter to them.
WORD FAMILY
cherish: cherished, cherishes, cherishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And reach for each other they did, in their favorite places, their havens, their cherished institutions.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a moment to cherish for Coridon, who featured just 19 times for the club before moving to Turkish side Ankaragucu.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
I cherish the memory of our phone calls.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 珍爱; 怀有; 爱护; 抚育
时态：cherished, cherishing, cherishes
分布：珍爱(71%)，抱有(21%)，抚育(8%)
→来自karo, 爱，珍爱，词源同caress, charity.
珍爱(cher[=char]+ish表动词,如finish)[car,char=dear,表示"可爱的"]
vt.抱有,怀有(希望等);爱护,抚育;珍爱He cherished the memory of his youth.他缅怀他的青春年华.
verb transitive
■to love, protect and care for someone or something that is important to you 珍爱，钟爱；爱护
• Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence. 尽管我爱护自己的孩子，但我也的确允许他们独立。
• Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F. Scott Fitzgerald. 她最珍爱之物是佛兰西斯‧史考特‧费兹杰罗在1926年写给她的一封信。
• Freedom of speech is a cherished (= carefully protected) right in this country. 在这个国家，言论自由是备受保护的权利。
■to keep hopes, memories or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure 珍藏，怀有（希望、记忆）；抱有（想法）
• I cherish the memories of the time we spent together. 我怀念我们共同度过的时光。
cherish, nurse, cultivate, foster, tend
这组词都有“照料、培育”的意思，其区别是：
cherish: 强调抚育或爱抚。
nurse: 通常指对无力自顾的婴儿、病人等进行照料或护理。
cultivate: 具体意义指耕耘、培育植物；抽象意义指培养兴趣或向往的理想事物。
foster: 指对孩子的关心、鼓励、供养及抚养其成长；也指鼓励、促进事物的增长与发展。
tend: 指出于责任心、博爱心而不是私人感情去对人或物进行照顾。
vt. 珍爱；怀抱
 - treasure, imbosom

Word: relish
Front: relish
[ˈrelɪʃ] (研宝 8659/7766 -2)
Vocabulary: relish
(once / 607 pages)
1nv 2n
Relish isn't just a hotdog topping. The verb relish means to enjoy something immensely. You may relish eating the relish on your hotdog, or you may relish taking an afternoon nap.
The word relish has been around since the 16th century and comes to us from the French, who are pretty good at indulging and savoring. When at a dinner party, win points with your host by sighing happily after each bite to show just how much you relish the meal. Relish is also a kind of spicy or savory condiment, the stuff you slather on hotdogs or hamburgers. So if you're fickle when it comes to pickles, you might ask them to hold the relish.
WORD FAMILY
relish: relished, relishes, relishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We relished the opportunity to meet with local Azoreans, all while eating great, free food!
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Johnson relished his lush job, but he soon grew restless again.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Unlike his coach, Staal sees nothing wrong with relishing Saturday’s history, if only to spice up the monotony of the regular season.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 品尝，品味; 给…加佐料，调味; 欣赏
vi. 有滋味; 有…的味道
n. 味道，滋味; 调味品; 引起兴趣的东西
时态：relished, relishing, relishes
分布：喜欢(29%)，享受(25%)，调味品(12%)，品味(12%)，爱好(11%)，滋味(6%)，渴望(3%)，从...获得乐趣(1%)，有滋味(1%)
→来自古法语 relaisser,留下，留在后面，来自拉丁语 relaxare,松开，松手，来自 re-,向后，离 开，laxare,松开，词源同 lax,relax,release.拼写受-ish 影响俗化。后引申词义味道，回味，后 用于指调料，佐料，并引申动词词义享受，喜欢。
n.美味,味道,调味品,食欲,乐趣v.喜欢,品味Hunger gives relish to simple food.肚子饿时吃什么都香.
【记】re反复，lish力士（香皂）：反复用力士香皂，因为喜欢。
【参】relocate（v 重新部署）
【反】despise（v 轻视）
verb transitive slightly formal
■to like or enjoy something 享受；喜欢
• I always relish a challenge. 我一向喜欢迎接挑战。
• [+ -ing verb] I don't relish telling her that her son has been arrested. 我不想告诉她她儿子被捕的消息。
■If you relish the idea or thought of something, you feel pleasure that it is going to happen 期盼；憧憬；指望
• She's relishing the prospect of studying in Bologna for six months. 她憧憬着在博洛尼亚学习6个月的美好时光。
['rel.ɪʃ] noun
SAUCE 调味汁
countable or uncountable
■a type of sauce which is eaten with food to add flavour to it 佐料；调味品
• tomato and onion relish 番茄洋葱调味汁
• Would you like relish on your burger? 你的汉堡包要涂调味汁吗？
['rel.ɪʃ] noun
ENJOYMENT 享受
uncountable slightly formal
■the enjoyment you get from doing something 享受；乐趣
• She ate her cake slowly and with relish. 她津津有味地慢慢品尝着蛋糕。
• I have no relish for hunting and killing animals. 我不觉得猎杀动物有甚么乐趣。
n. 滋味；风味；食欲；开胃小菜；含义
 - flavor, meaning, import, appetite
vt. 品味；喜爱；给…加佐料
 - enjoy, favour

Word: thou
Front: thou
[ðaʊ] (8663/4603 -1)
Vocabulary: thou
(once / 7 pages)
n
The word thou, used in place of "you," is not used much in modern language. In fact, with its Biblical feeling, it’s most often used in religious contexts. Otherwise, it might be used as slang for thousand.
Anyone familiar with the Bible knows the word thou means "you." As the word worked its way from Old English, it varied a little in its subtext, from a plural referring to higher-ups, then to equals, and, around 1450, as a slightly insulting reference suggesting inferiority. Today, it's used primarily by specific religious groups, or as a somewhat affected, archaic word in poetry. As a side note, if someone asks you for a thou, they mean a thousand dollars.
WORD FAMILY
thou: thee, thine, thous, thy, ye
USAGE EXAMPLES
She should’ve followed the old saying: To thine own self be true.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or he might announce the simple act of opening a letter as “Wax! render up thy trust.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“O Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: pron. 你（古时候的叫法）
分布：汝(53%)，尔(47%)
→来自 you 的古体用法或诗意用法，来自古英语 thu,你，来自 Proto-Germanic*tu,你，来自 tu, 第二人称单数人称代词，你，词源同 thee,thine,thy.后由 you 所取代。
pronoun]Daʊ/ old use
■you; used when speaking to one person 汝，尔，你
noun countable /ɵaʊ/
(plural thou) informal for
■thousand, especially when referring to an amount of money （尤指钱数）一千
• "How much do you reckon it cost him?" "About thirty thou." “你估计这个东西花了他多少钱？”“大约三万。”

Word: spacious
Front: spacious
[ˈspeɪʃəs] (研六托雅宝 8653/7068 -1)
Vocabulary: spacious
(once / 664 pages)
adj
If you’re feeling cramped in your current residence, you’re probably longing for a more spacious place to live. Spacious is an adjective that means "roomy" or "having plenty of room."
The adjective spacious is most commonly used to describe living quarters that have plenty of space, but it can be used to describe other things as well. A luxury sedan, for example, might be said to have a spacious interior. Spacious can also be used to mean “having an expansive scope.” A spacious novel, for instance, would be a novel that deals with a broad range of characters and issues. Don’t confuse spacious with specious, which means something that sounds true but is actually false.
WORD FAMILY
spacious: spaciously, spaciousness+/ space: spaced, spaces, spacial, spacing, spacious, spacy, spatial, subspace/spaced: unspaced/spacial: spatially/spacing: spacings/ spatial: nonspatial, spatiality
USAGE EXAMPLES
They’re spacious, airy, with high ceilings, an expansive mezzanine level and ambitious public art installations.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
This is the most bracing song on Gallant’s beautiful debut album “Ology,” a collection of spacious R&B rooted in 1980s-inflected experimentation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her house was homey and spacious, with large, colorful paintings adorning the walls and a big, open courtyard in the middle.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 宽敞的; 广阔的; （知识）广博的
分布：宽敞的(91%)，广阔的(9%)
→space,空间，空地，-ous,形容词后缀。
宽敞的(spac空间+ious)[-ious表形容词"…的"]
adj.广阔的,宽敞的Their dining room is very spacious.他们的餐厅很宽敞.
adjective approving
■large and with a lot of space 宽敞的，空间大的
• a spacious house/living room 宽敞的房子／起居室
• spacious accommodation 宽敞的住宿条件
adj. 宽敞的，广阔的；无边无际的
 - extensive, vast, wider, capacious

Word: crank
Front: crank
[kræŋk] (六 8650/18797 -1)
Vocabulary: crank
(once / 1188 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4adj
To crank is to turn or rotate something using a handle or lever. The earliest automobiles required drivers to crank the engine before they could climb in and start driving.
You might crank a paper towel machine in a restroom to unspool the towels, or crank a music box to start it up — in either case, you're turning a handle, which is also called a crank. You can also say that you crank up the engine when you start your car, even though you're not literally turning or winding anything. A completely different kind of crank is a grouchy, opinionated person. This last meaning comes from cranky.
WORD FAMILY
crank: cranked, cranking, crankly, cranks, cranky +/crankiness: crankinesses/ cranky: crankier, crankiest, crankily, crankiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It has actually been cranking away for a while now, going back to the late-summer film festivals.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
It’s a racist, white-nationalist, pseudo-intellectual agglomeration of cranks and bigots that now has a direct line to the Oval Office.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
And with a weak yen and rising stock market helping Japan's companies, he faces no discernible cries to crank up spending.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. [机]曲柄; 妙语，奇想; 〈美俚〉想法古怪的人; 〈口〉脾气乖戾的人
vt. 转动曲柄移动; 使弯曲; 给…装上用于转动的曲柄; 转动曲柄开动（引擎）
adj. 奇异的，古怪的; 易怒的
时态：cranked, cranking, cranks
分布：曲柄(88%)，脾气坏的人(3%)，古怪的(1%)，奇异的(1%)，用曲柄启动或转动(1%)，摇晃的(1%)，古怪行为(1%)，快速制作(1%)，有怪癖的人(1%)，妙语(1%)，松动的(1%)
→来自ger, 转，弯，围，词源同cramp, crook. 即脑袋打弯的，跟别人想的不一样的。
【记】cra＝cry哭，rank＝bank银行，在银行门口哭－古怪的人
noun
STRANGE PERSON 怪人
countable informal
■a person who has strange or unusual ideas and beliefs 怪人，古怪的人
[kræŋk] noun
UNPLEASANT PERSON 讨厌的人
countable US informal
■an unpleasant and easily annoyed person 讨厌的人；坏脾气的人
• She's always a crank first thing in the morning. 她早上一起来总爱发脾气。
[kræŋk] noun
EQUIPMENT 设备
countable
■a device which causes movement between parts of a machine or which changes backward and forward movement into circular movement 曲柄，曲轴
• a crank handle 曲柄把手
[kræŋk] noun
DRUG 药品
uncountable US
■a type of illegal drug 一种非法药品
[kræŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crank sth out US informal
■to produce something with no special care or effort 草草生产
• Like clockwork, he cranks out a new book every year. 像钟表那么精准，他每年随便就出一部新书。
[kræŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crank sth up informal
■to increase or improve something 增加；改善
• crank up the volume/pressure 调高音量／增加压力
n. [机] 曲柄；奇想
 - whim, vagary
adj. 易怒的
 - irascible, passionate

Word: censorship
Front: censorship
[ˈsensəʃɪp] (8665/7297)
Vocabulary: censorship
(once / 1700 pages)
n
Censorship blocks something from being read, heard, or seen. If you've ever heard the sound of bleeping when someone is speaking on television, that's censorship.
To "censor" is to review something and to choose to remove or hide parts of it that are considered unacceptable. Censorship is the name for the process or idea of keeping things like obscene word or graphic images from an audience. There is also such a thing as self-censorship, which is when you refrain from saying certain things — or possibly re-wording them — depending on who is listening.
WORD FAMILY
censorship: censorships+/ censor: censored, censorial, censoring, censorious, censors, censorship /censored: uncensored/censoring: censorings/ censorious: censoriously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Teachers and literacy organizations often decry such moves as censorship that erase important literature from curriculums.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Claire Guthrie Gastañaga, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia, expressed concern that the ultimate goal might be some form of censorship.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There’s no ministry of information or formal censorship apparatus, and the Internet is unrestricted.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 审查制度; 审查机构; 审察员的职权; [心]潜意识中的抑制力
分布：检查制度(100%)
【记】读：三色，ship船：走私三级和色情VCD的船需要审查机构。
US [-sɚ-] noun uncountable
■the practice of censoring books, films, etc. 审查，审查制度
• censorship of the press 新闻审查制度

Word: unravel
Front: unravel
[ʌnˈrævl] (托雅宝 8661/9469 -1)
Vocabulary: unravel
(once / 1706 pages)
v
However tempting, don't pull that straggly thread hanging from your sleeve. You'll just unravel, or totally undo, your hand-knitted sweater.
Something that's unraveled has been completely undone, whether it's a spool of thread, some knotty shoelaces, or your mental state after a long and frustrating day. You can also unravel a mystery by picking it apart, untangling the details or just following the trail of clues like a line of string.
WORD FAMILY
unravel: unraveled, unraveler, unraveling, unravelled, unraveller, unravelling, unravels+/ ravel: raveled, raveling, ravelled, ravelling, ravels, unravel /raveling: ravelings/ravelling: ravellings/unraveler: unravelers/unraveller: unravellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the parched beige hilltops fill with red-tiled homes, decades of international efforts to achieve a two-state solution are unraveling.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
They are starting to unravel the reasons bariatric surgery allows most people to lose significant amounts of weight when dieting so often fails.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It will be fun watching it all unravel — particularly the single 10-mile-long hair strand.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 解开; 阐明; 拆散
vi. 被解开; 被拆散
时态：unravelled, unravelling, unravels
分布：解开(70%)，解释(18%)，阐明(12%)
→un-, 使相反，ravel, 纠缠。
解开;拆散(un+ravel纠缠)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，ravel（v 纠缠）：解开
[ʌn'ræv.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb
CLOTH 布
   intransitive or transitive
■If a piece of woollen or woven cloth, a knot, or a mass of thread unravels, it separates into a single thread, and if you unravel it, you separate it into a single thread （把布、结或线团）解开；拆散
• You'd better mend that hole before the whole sweater starts to unravel. 你最好把那个洞补上，免得整件毛衣脱线。
• I had to unravel one of the sleeves because I realised I'd knitted it too small. 我不得不拆掉一只袖子，因为我发现它织得太小了。
[ʌn'ræv.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb
SUBJECT 事情或问题
   intransitive or transitive
■If you unravel a mysterious, unknown or complicated subject, you make it known or understood, and if it unravels, it becomes known or understood 揭开，弄清，阐明（谜团或复杂问题）；被澄清；被解决
• We've got a long way to go before we unravel the secrets of genetics. 在揭开遗传学之谜前，我们还有很长的路要走。
[ʌn'ræv.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb
DESTROY 破坏
   intransitive transitive usually passive
■If a process or achievement that was slow and complicated unravels or is unravelled, it is destroyed 破坏（成就等）
• As talks between the leaders broke down, several months of careful diplomacy were unravelled. 由于领导人之间的会谈破裂，几个月精心策划的外交努力付诸东流。
vt. 解开；阐明；解决；拆散
 - decide, settle, illustrate
vi. 解决；散开
 - settle, work out, figure out

Word: smuggle
Front: smuggle
[ˈsmʌgl] (研六托雅宝 8668/9577 -2)
Vocabulary: smuggle
(once / 563 pages)
v
If you import or export something without paying customs duties, you smuggle it. All kinds of things have been smuggled over the years: art, alcohol, drugs, animals, even tea!
The verb smuggle has expanded to generally mean to bring something in or out in secret, especially if doing so breaks a rule or a law. Kids may smuggle candy into a movie theater so they don't have to pay the high prices at the concession stand. You may smuggle Christmas presents into the house so your kids don't see them. Illegal immigrants may be smuggled into the country for a fee, but if caught they can be deported.
WORD FAMILY
smuggle: smuggled, smuggler, smuggles, smuggling+/smuggler: smugglers/smuggling: smugglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Illegal ivory ends up on the legal market after being smuggled into the country, chiefly by criminal syndicates.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He says it also will be available at the detention center because inmates sometimes smuggle drugs into the facility.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For example, the night market in Carabobo state where Campos bought his corn flour was eventually shut down and 57 tons of smuggled food seized.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 偷运; 私运; 走私; 不按规章地偷带（人或物）
vi. 走私; 偷带
时态：smuggled, smuggling, smuggles
分布：走私(62%)，偷运(25%)，偷带(13%)
→来自荷兰语 smokkelen,走私，偷运，来自 smuken,秘密行动，来自 Proto-Germanic*smeugana, 滑进，溜进，来自 smeug,滑动，词源同 smock,smug.
v.走私;偷运The smuggler shrugged to the bugler hugging the bug in the tugboat.走私者对在拖船中拥抱臭虫的号手耸耸肩.
【记】用大杯子mug运输白粉－走私
【反】transport openly（公开运输）
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
 ADVANCED
■to take things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally 走私；（常指非法）偷运
• She was caught trying to smuggle 26 kilos of heroin out of/into the country. 她在企图把两万六千克的海洛因走私出境／入境时被抓获。
• They managed to smuggle a videotape of the captive journalists out of the prison. 他们设法把被俘记者的录影带偷偷带出监狱。

Word: annoyed
Front: annoyed
[əˈnɔɪd] (8654/7009 -K1)
Vocabulary: annoyed
(once / 509 pages)
adj
Have you ever suddenly walked into a cloud of small bugs that buzz and poke at you? If so, you were probably annoyed. You might also know humans who make you feel this way.
In the time of Middle English, if you were annoyed by something it was hateful to you. Today, annoyed usually describes a less intense feeling than that, but it's never pleasant. If someone has annoyed you, he or she is on your nerves. If I've annoyed you with this explanation, I apologize.
WORD FAMILY
annoyed: annoyedly+/ annoy: annoyance, annoyed, annoyer, annoying, annoys/annoyance: annoyances/annoyer: annoyers/ annoying: annoyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, as he later often told me, he was annoyed.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Abdullah stole another look at his fingers, and was annoyed to see them once more smudged with residue from the counterfeit book.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A visibly annoyed Chopra asked the reporter what he meant by "it".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 恼怒的，气恼的
v. 使烦恼，使恼怒，干扰，打扰(annoy的过去式和过去分词)
分布：恼怒的(64%)，气恼的(27%)，动词annoy的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■angry 生气的，烦恼的
• I was so annoyed with him for turning up late. 他姗姗来迟，我很生气。
• He was annoyed at the way she tried to take over the whole meeting. 她试图操控整个会议，这使他很恼火。
• My parents were rather annoyed (that) I hadn't told them about the accident. 我没有告诉父母这次事故，这让他们很生气。
• She was annoyed to discover that her husband had taken her car keys. 她丈夫拿走了她的汽车锁匙，她发现后很生气。
adj. 恼怒的；烦闷的
 - peeved, irritated
v. 使烦恼；打扰（annoy的过去分词）
 - hassled

Word: mint
Front: mint
[mɪnt] (六托雅宝 8674/8850 -2)
Back: n. 薄荷; 铸币厂; 大量，尤指钱; 来源
vt. 铸造，铸币; 发明或创造
adj. 崭新的，完美的; 未损坏的
时态：minted, minting, mints
分布：薄荷(83%)，造币厂(15%)，伪造(1%)，完美无缺的(1%)
→来自拉丁文menta,薄荷，来自希腊语Minthe,薄荷仙子，在古希腊神话中，原为泉水仙子，因引诱冥王Hades,被冥后Persephone变成了薄荷树。mint 铸造，铸币，创造
【记】mint源于money
noun
PLANT 植物
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a herb whose leaves have a strong fresh smell and taste and are used for giving flavour to food 薄荷
• a sprig of mint 薄荷枝
• mint-flavoured gum/toothpaste 薄荷味的口香糖／牙膏
 ADVANCED countable
■a sweet with a mint flavour 薄荷糖
• a packet of extra-strong mints 一包特浓薄荷糖
• after-dinner chocolate mints 餐后巧克力薄荷糖
[mɪnt] noun
MONEY 金钱
countable
■a place where the new coins of a country are made 铸币厂
only singular informal
■an extremely large amount of money 巨额款项
• If his books sell in the States, he'll make a mint. 如果他的书在美国销量理想的话，他会赚一大笔钱。
[mɪnt] adjective [before noun]
■describes stamps and coins, etc. which have not been used （邮票、硬币等）簇新的
• A collector would pay $500 for a mint copy. 收藏家会愿意花500美元买一套簇新版。
in mint condition
■perfect, as if new （好像）新的；完美的
• CD player, in mint condition - £50. 完好无缺的CD播放机——50英镑。
[mɪnt] verb transitive
COIN 硬币
■to produce a coin for the government 铸造（硬币）
[mɪnt] verb transitive
STH NEW 创新
■to produce something new, especially to invent a new phrase or word 创造（尤指新词语）
• a freshly minted slogan/phrase 新设计的口号／新创的短语
• newly minted college graduates 刚毕业的大学生
n. [植] 薄荷； [金融] 造币厂，巨款
 - menta, peppermint
vt. 铸造，铸币
 - coin

Word: soothing
Front: soothing
[su:ðɪŋ] (8678/10141)
Vocabulary: soothing
(once / 597 pages)
adj
Something soothing is comforting; it helps calm fears, anxiety, or pain. Cool aloe vera lotion is very soothing on a really bad sunburn, while pacifiers are soothing to screaming babies.
The adjective soothing comes to us from the verb soothe, which means "to relieve." So something soothing brings relief and makes you feel better. Soothing music can help you feel more relaxed, while a soothing cup of hot chocolate can warm you up from the frigid cold. And if you fall and scrape your knee? You'll probably wish your mom was there to offer some soothing words and a kiss to make it all better.
WORD FAMILY
soothing: soothingly+/ soothe: soothed, soothes, soothing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Olalia’s chicken and rice bowl is fragrant and soothing, spiked with chile leaves, ginger, garlic and fish sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Jane Austen’s self-enclosed world enveloped me, soothing in its contours and assumptions.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The times I wanted to get crazy, that soothing voice was comforting.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 慰藉的; 使人宽心的; 镇静的
v. 安慰( soothe的现在分词 ); 抚慰; 使舒服; 减轻痛苦
分布：安慰的(55%)，镇静的(18%)，慰藉的(18%)，动词sooth的现在分词形式.(9%)
adjective
LESS ANGRY 使平静
■making you feel calm 安慰的，使人平静的
• I put on some nice soothing music. 我放了一些美妙舒缓的音乐。
• Her words had a soothing effect. 她的话起到了安慰的作用。
['su:.ðɪŋ] adjective
LESS PAINFUL 缓解痛苦的
■making something less painful 镇痛的，纾缓痛苦的
• a soothing ointment 镇痛软膏
adj. 抚慰的；使人宽心的
 - placatory, mollifying
v. 安慰；减轻痛苦（soothe的现在分词）
 - comforting

Word: commonplace
Front: commonplace
[ˈkɒmənpleɪs] (研六托雅宝 8669/8456 -1)
Vocabulary: commonplace
(once / 506 pages)
adjn
Something commonplace is ordinary. It can also be something dull and unchallenging or tired and clichéd. Coffee shops in cities are commonplace, so are berets in Paris. You see them all over the place.
Things that are common can be found all over the place — they're commonplace! The word is a literal translation of the Latin locus communis for "general topic." Commonplace things and behavior are ordinary. For example, a commonplace job is a boring, mind-numbing task. It’s humdrum and unglamorous. A commonplace word or saying is a cliché — it's so common that it becomes meaningless and annoying.
WORD FAMILY
commonplace: commonplacely, commonplaceness, commonplaces+/commonplaceness: commonplacenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once this technology is commonplace and driverless cars are ubiquitous, those numbers will shrink to a tiny fraction of what they are today.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Lane said categorizing foods by ethnicity is commonplace in the restaurant industry.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2016, robots became more commonplace in warehouses, factories and public spaces, like malls.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 平凡的，陈腐的; 平庸的，普通的
n. 寻常的事物; 平常话，口头禅; 老生常谈; 备忘录
分布：平凡的(39%)，老生常谈(30%)，陈腐的(13%)，常事(13%)，普通的东西(5%)
a.普通的,平庸的n.寻常的事物,平庸的东西The commonsense commonwealth government no longer uses the uncommon commonplace.有常识的联邦政府不再使用不寻常的陈腐之言.
【记】common（adj 普通的），place（n 地方）
【反】inimitable（adj 独特的）
US ['kɑ:.mən-] adjective
■happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special 平常的；常见的；普通的；普遍的
• Home computers are increasingly commonplace. 家用电脑越来越普及了。
UK ['kɒm.ən.pleɪs] US ['kɑ:.mən-] noun countable formal
■a boring remark which is used very often and does not have much meaning 陈腔滥调；寒暄客套；老生常谈
• We exchanged commonplaces about the weather over cups of tea. 我们喝了几杯茶，就天气方面的话题寒暄了几句。
usual, ordinary, common, popular, universal, commonplace, general
这组词都有“普通的，普遍的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 指常见常闻和常做的事或举动，强调惯常性。
ordinary: 用于物，指每天发生，十分平淡无奇；用于人，指无特别之处，很一般。
common: 多用于指物，侧重很常见，不稀奇。
popular: 指适应大众爱好、需要，为大家所公认或接受。
universal: 与general同义，但语气较强，侧重对每个人或事物都适用，根本没有例外。
commonplace: 强调缺少新意。
general: 语气强于common，侧重大多如此，很少有例外情况。
n. 老生常谈；司空见惯的事；普通的东西
 - truism
adj. 平凡的；陈腐的
 - ordinary, stock

Word: mislead
Front: mislead
[ˌmɪsˈli:d] (研四六托 8670/8459 -1)
Vocabulary: mislead
(once / 595 pages)
v
Use the verb mislead to describe what you're doing when you don't tell the whole truth, or when you let someone believe something false.
You mislead someone when you point them in the wrong direction, literally or metaphorically. If you let your cousin think an expensive gift is from you when you actually just sent her a card, you are misleading her. And if you give a tourist directions away from the chain restaurant he's looking for, you are misleading him. Finally, if you think this doesn't really count as lying, you're misleading yourself.
WORD FAMILY
mislead: misleader, misleading, misleads, misled+/ lead: lead-colored, leaded, leader, leading, leadless, leads, led, mislead /leaded: nonleaded, unleaded/ leader: leaders, leadership / leadership: leaderships/leading: leadingly, leadings/misleader: misleaders/misleading: misleadingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The purpose of the press is to inform and educate, not mislead with incomplete information presented as facts.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
She’s also is accused of misleading police on Banks’ identity in order to help him evade law enforcement.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, the very term “superpower” may be misleading or obsolete.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 把…带错路; 把…引入歧途
时态：misled, misleading, misleads
分布：误导(82%)，欺骗(11%)，使误入歧途(5%)，使产生错误印象(2%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，lead,引导。
v.把...带错路,使误入岐途The misleader let me use the lead instead of the unsteady metal.误导者让我用铅代替不稳定的金属.
【记】mis错，lead引导－误导
[ˌmɪs'li:d] (misled, misled)
verb transitive
■to cause someone to believe something that is not true 误导；使…产生错误的想法；把…引入歧途
• He has admitted misleading the police about his movements on the night of the murder. 他承认误导了警方，使他们对他在谋杀案发生当晚的行踪产生了错误的判断。
vt. 误导；带错
 - misdirect, misguide

Word: dawn
Front: dawn
[dɔ:n] (高研四六托雅 4004/4374 -2)
Vocabulary: dawn
(once / 126 pages)
nv
The noun dawn refers to the first light of day, or the first time period, like the dawn of a new era, which occurs when a new president takes office.
Not just the beginning of a day, the noun dawn can refer to any beginning, like the dawn of the Internet era. As a verb, dawn can mean "become light" or "become clear," like when it dawns on you that you left an important paper at home today. In that case, you can suddenly see what you did wrong, like at the dawn of a new day, when it is no longer dark and you can see, literally.
WORD FAMILY
dawn: dawned, dawning, dawns+/dawning: dawnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On New Year’s Eve, anything with feathers and a pulse was counted by about 200 birders from dawn until almost dusk.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Decius, the faceless blogger, is hoping instead that Trump’s Presidency will mark the dawn of a new kind of conservative movement.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At dawn now, it will be high in the south.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 黎明，拂晓; 开端; 醒悟
vi. 破晓，（天）刚亮; 开始出现; 变得明朗
vt. （开始）被理解，被领悟; 被看清，被想到
时态：dawned, dawning, dawns
分布：黎明(61%)，破晓(18%)，曙光(12%)，开端(6%)，开始出现(2%)，逐渐明白(1%)
→来自dhegwh, 燃烧，发光，词源同day, yesterday. 引申义曙光，黎明。
n.黎明,拂晓v.破晓;开始现出At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
US [dɑ:n] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the period in the day when light from the sun begins to appear in the sky 拂晓，破晓，黎明
• We woke at dawn. 天一亮我们就醒了。
• We left as dawn was breaking (= starting). 我们离开时天将破晓。
• We left at the break of dawn. 我们是在天刚破晓时离开的。
• Twenty-three people were arrested and large quantities of heroin were seized in a dawn raid (= when police officers suddenly enter a building, in an attempt to catch people involved in illegal activities). 在一次清晨突袭行动中，警方逮捕了23人，并没收了大量的海洛因。
the dawn of sth literary
■the start of a period of time or the beginning of something new …的开始；…的曙光
• The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the dawn of a new era in European history. 柏林墙的倒塌标志着欧洲历史上一个新纪元的开始。
from dawn to dusk
■from early morning until night 从早到晚
• We worked from dawn to dusk, seven days a week. 我们从早到晚地工作，一周七天都是如此。
UK [dɔ:n] US [dɑ:n] verb intransitive
BEGIN 开始
■If a day or period of time dawns, it begins 破晓；开始
• He left the house just as the day was dawning. 天将破晓时他离开了那座房子。
• As 1990 dawned, few people could have predicted the dramatic changes that were to take place in eastern Europe during that year. 1990年到来之时，几乎没人能预见到在那一年里东欧将发生剧烈的变化。
UK [dɔ:n] US [dɑ:n] verb intransitive
BECOME KNOWN 为人所知
■to become known or obvious 见分晓，水落石出；变得明朗
• Gradually the truth about him dawned. 他的真实面目渐渐暴露了出来。
• [+ that] It eventually dawned that he wouldn't be coming back. 最终证明他不会回来了。
UK [dɔ:n] US [dɑ:n] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dawn on sb
■If a fact dawns on you, you understand it after a period of not understanding it 使（某人）明白，使（某人）意识到
• [+ that] I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly dawned on me that I'd left my cheque book at home. 我买完东西要付钱时，才突然发现我把支票簿留在家里了。
dawn, twilight, dusk
这组词都有“黎明，黄昏”的意思，其区别是：
dawn: 指天刚亮时的黎明，可作引申用。
twilight: 指日落后或日出前的微明，但通常侧重于前者。
dusk: 指接近夜晚的黄昏时刻。
n. [天] 黎明；开端
 - morning, origin
vt. 破晓；出现；被领悟
 - come out, break of day

Word: dip
Front: dip
[dɪp] (高研四六雅 4532/4987 -2)
Vocabulary: dip
(once / 296 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v 4n
When you dip something, you plunge it quickly into a liquid or soft substance. You might dip your toe into a swimming pool to check the water temperature.
When you finger paint, you dip a fingertip into a puddle of paint, and when you eat a snack you might dip tortilla chips into salsa. You can also say that a boat bobbing on the ocean dips, or that a bird dropping lower in the sky dips down. A dip can be a quick swim, a delicious sauce meant for dunking other foods in, or a downward slope. The Old English root, dyppan, means "immerse" or "baptize."
WORD FAMILY
dip: dipped, dipper, dipping, dips
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe they were whispering about Mahrez’s dip in form this season.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
No more playing this season, one that dipped and rolled and rose, only to end with a most resounding thud.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Lobster Dip at Old Orchard Beach is the biggest of Maine’s polar plunges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 浸; （把烛芯浸在融蜡里）制造（蜡烛）; 把（汽车前灯）的远光调为近光; 洗药水浴
vt. & vi. （使）微降，（使）下沉; （使）向下再向上
n. 浏览; （通常指暂时的）减少; 洗澡; 倾斜
vi. 浸水; 提取; （轻度或暂时地）减少; 浏览
时态：dipped, dipping, dips
分布：浸(35%)，下降(20%)，蘸(19%)，倾斜(12%)，下沉(5%)，浏览(4%)，浸泡(4%)，掏取(1%)
→词源同deep,dive.
v./n.浸,蘸The cripple dipped the whip tip into the chip solution nearby his hip.跛子将鞭子末端浸入他臀部旁边的芯片溶液中.
verb (-pp-)
PUT INTO LIQUID 放进液体中
 ADVANCED transitive
■to put something into a liquid for a short time 涮，浸，蘸
• Dip the fish in the batter, then drop it into the hot oil. 先把鱼在面糊中浸一下，然后再放进热油中。
• She dipped her toe into the pool to see how cold it was. 她把脚趾伸到水塘里试试水有多凉。
transitive
■to put sheep for a short time into a container of liquid containing chemicals which kill harmful insects on the sheep's bodies 给（羊）洗药浴（以杀死身上的害虫）
[dɪp] verb (-pp-)
DROP 下降
intransitive
■to go down to a lower level 下降，下落
• As you turn the corner, the road dips suddenly. 转过那个街角，路陡然下降。
• House prices dipped in the first three months of the year. 今年前三个月房价下跌了。
• The sun dipped below the horizon. 太阳落到了地平线以下。
transitive UK
■to make the beam from the lights at the front of a vehicle point downwards 使（车辆前灯）向下照，把（前灯）调为近光
• You'll dazzle oncoming drivers if you don't dip your headlights. 如果不使用近光灯就会让迎面而来的司机感到晃眼。
[dɪp] verb (-pp-)
dip a/your toe in (the water)
■to start very carefully to do or become involved in something that you are not experienced at 小心尝试，探索，摸索
[dɪp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  dip (sth) in/dip (sth) into sth
■to put your hand into a container and take something out 从…掏出，从…取出
• We all dipped into the box of chocolates. 我们都伸手到盒子里去取巧克力。
• He dipped his hand in his pocket and brought out a few coins. 他伸手从口袋里掏出了几枚硬币。
[dɪp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  dip into sth
BOOK UK to read small parts of a book or magazine 随便翻翻，浏览
• It's the sort of book you can just dip into now and again. 这是一本可以不时拿出来翻翻的书。
MONEY
■to spend part of a supply of money that you have been keeping or saving 动用，花费（部分积蓄）
• I've had to dip into my savings to pay for the repairs. 我不得不动用部分积蓄来支付修理费。
[dɪp] noun
LIQUID 液体
countable or uncountable
■a cold thick creamy sauce which you eat by dipping pieces of uncooked vegetable or biscuits, etc. into it （蘸着吃的）调味酱
• cheese/salsa dip 起司／沙司酱
countable usually singular
■a quick swim （短时间的）游泳
• a dip in the sea/pool 在海水／水池里游一会儿
countable or uncountable
■a special liquid used for cleaning, etc. 洗涤液，清洗液
• a silver dip 银器清洗液
• sheep dip 羊用浴液
[dɪp] noun
DROP 下降
countable usually singular
■a part of something which is at a lower level or a movement to a lower level 凹陷处或斜坡，往下的移动
• a dip in the road 路面凹陷
• a sudden dip in temperature 温度骤降
[dɪp] noun
QUICK LOOK 了解
countable usually singular
■a short time spent considering a subject 涉猎，了解
• We begin our dip into local history by examining the town's origins. 我们开始透过研究这座城镇的起源来了解当地的历史。
dip, duck, submerge, plunge, immerse
这组词都有“沉浸，浸入”的意思，其区别是：
dip: 指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体，多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作。
duck: 指把头伸进水中，或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。
submerge: 指长时间的完全浸入、潜入，强调浸入液体深层。
plunge: 暗示迅速而有力的动作，但浸入不一定很深。
immerse: 侧重全部被液体所覆盖，也可用于比喻意义。
vt. 浸，泡，蘸；舀取；把伸入
 - steep, dunk
vi. 浸；下降，下沉；倾斜；舀，掏
 - decline, pitch, slope, swim
n. 下沉，下降；倾斜；浸渍，蘸湿
 - reduction, decline, slope, fall, subsidence

Word: persuasive
Front: persuasive
[pəˈsweɪsɪv] (托 8672/8449 -1)
Vocabulary: persuasive
(once / 1272 pages)
adj
If you are persuasive, then you have a knack for getting people to do things. Your most persuasive friend might be able to talk you into riding in a hot air balloon despite your fear of heights.
People can be persuasive by using emotion or logic. A persuasive encyclopedia salesman might lead you to believe you'll be a smarter person with your own complete set of reference books. Temptations can also be persuasive. If your mom offers you ten dollars to walk her dog, you might find her offer very persuasive. Persuasive can be tricky to spell — remember that the u sounds like a w.
WORD FAMILY
persuasive: persuasively, persuasiveness, persuasivest, unpersuasive+/persuadable: unpersuadable/ persuade: persuadable, persuaded, persuader, persuades, persuading, persuasible, persuasion, persuasive /persuaded: unpersuaded/persuader: persuaders/ persuasion: persuasions/unpersuasive: unpersuasively, unpersuasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most persuasive religious leaders will be those who, like Russell Moore, remain distinguishable from everyone else.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The CDC’s Brewer, however, said that Connor’s research — and other recent work highlighting the health risks of drinking — is persuasive.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Burgum seems comfortable sharing his ideas with people and is more than capable of expressing his arguments in a persuasive manner.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有说服力的; 劝诱的; 动听
分布：有说服力的(88%)，令人信服的(12%)
→来自persuade,劝说，劝服。
US [pɚ-] adjective
■making you want to do or believe a particular thing 有说服力的，令人信服的
• a persuasive speaker/speech 有说服力的演讲者／演说
• Your arguments are very persuasive. 你的论据非常有说服力。
• He can be very persuasive. 他有时也很有说服力。
adj. 有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的
 - convictive, forceful

Word: premium
Front: premium
[ˈpri:miəm] (研六托雅宝 4801/3744 -3)
Vocabulary: premium
(once / 601 pages)
1adjn 2n
Something that's premium is much better than average — it's excellent, in fact. A premium seat at a rock concert is right up front, with a great view of the stage.
When premium is a noun, it means the money you pay each month for your car insurance or a charge that's added on top of a standard payment. It also means a prize or reward. As an adjective, premium implies something of superior quality that probably costs more too. Premium comes straight out of Latin, meaning “reward.” It was first used as an adjective around 1925, in the phrase "premium butter."
WORD FAMILY
premium: premiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also recommends selling what you don’t need and cutting unnecessary expenses, such as premium cable.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
First up: Extend some financial help to shoppers on the individual health insurance market who face massive premium increases.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two years ago, Panasonic swerved again, saying it was reviving the Technics brand to target the premium end of the audio market.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 额外费用; 保险费; 附加费
adj. 高昂的; 优质的
分布：保险费(64%)，额外费用(12%)，奖金(11%)，优质的(9%)，高价的(4%)
→来自拉丁语praemium,奖励，奖品，战利品，来自prae,在前，-em,拿，带，获得，词源同example,exempt.后用于形容词词义优质的，高端的，即额外的奖品。由该形容词词义又用于指经济学术语加价，溢价，保险费等。
奖品,奖金(pre前面+em+ium→在前面[的人]拿到→奖品)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
n.额外费用,奖金,奖赏,保险费He paid premiums on his life insurance last year.他去年付了人寿保险费.
【记】pre前，emium＝empt买－提前买下的东西－保险费
noun
EXTRA 额外的
 ADVANCED countable
■an amount which is more than usual 奖金，津贴；加价；附加费
• We're willing to pay a premium for the best location. 为了得到最好的地段，我们愿意多付些钱。
• Because of their location, these offices attract a premium. 由于地段好，这些办公室租金更高。
• The modified cars are available at a premium of 5% over the original price. 改装后的汽车的售价要比原价高5%。
• The busy shopper puts a premium on (= appreciates and will pay more for) finding everything in one big store. 时间有限的购物者若能在一家大商店买齐所有的东西，就算价钱高一点也是愿意的。
['pri:.mi.əm] noun
PAYMENT 付款
 ADVANCED countable
■an amount of money paid to get insurance 保险费
• Car insurance premiums have increased this year. 今年汽车保险费涨了。
• The premiums for healthcare plans are high. 保健计划的保险费很高。
['pri:.mi.əm] noun
FUEL 汽油
uncountable (also premium gas) US for
■ four-star (petrol)
['pri:.mi.əm] noun
be at a premium
■to be not common and therefore valuable 奇缺，非常稀罕
• Free time is at a premium for working parents. 对于上班的父母来说，空余时间非常宝贵。
['pri:.mi.əm] adjective
■describes something that is of higher than usual quality （品质）高级的；优质的；顶级的
• premium ice cream 顶级霜淇淋
• The building is on a premium site. 这幢大楼建在一块风水宝地上。
n. [保险] 保险费，额外费用； [劳经] 奖金
 - bonus, dividend

Word: classified
Front: classified
[ˈklæsɪfaɪd] (8685/14105 -1)
Back: adj. 保密的，（信息）归入密级的; 分类的，归类的
v. 分类( classify的过去式和过去分词)
分布：分类的(51%)，机密的(36%)，类别的(13%)
→来自class,阶级，等级。即进行等级分类的，机密级的。
adjective
■describes information that is officially stated to be secret 机密的；保密的
• These documents contain classified material. 这些文件中有机密资料。
adj. 分类的；类别的；机密的
 - systematic, secret, confidential
v. 把…分类（classify的过去分词）
 - ranged

Word: incidentally
Front: incidentally
[ˌɪnsɪˈdentli] (研六托雅 8677/5245 -2)
Vocabulary: incidentally
(once / 1164 pages)
adv
Incidentally is a word you use when you've got more to say on a topic or want to transition into a new subject. Think of the word incidentally as a more formal way to say "by the way."
Incidentally can also mean "by chance" if you want to remark on a coincidence. Sometimes, things just happen by chance, like you and your friend showing up at the same place incidentally. Incidentally, the word ends in lly so don't forget to throw that extra l in there!
WORD FAMILY
incidental: incidentally, incidentals+/ incidence: incidences/ incident: incidence, incidental, incidently, incidents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Incidentally, a $108-per-night rate in Maui is really, really good.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
And, incidentally, the fall is beautiful: a spiral.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
There were plans, incidentally, for a second Pro Stakes Championship, in Hawaii.
Golf Digest(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 顺便; 偶然地，不经意地; 附带; 捎带
分布：偶然地(47%)，附带地(40%)，顺便地(13%)
ad.附带地,顺便提及Incidentally,did you know that my uncle is visiting us?须便说一下,你知道我叔叔来看我们吗?
US [-tˌəl-] adverb
■used before saying something that is not as important as the main subject of conversation, but is connected to it in some way 附带地；伴随地
• We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - incidentally, I must give you the number of a similar one I know. 我们在你推荐的那家餐馆大快朵颐了一顿——对了，我一定要把我知道的类似的一家餐馆的电话号码给你。
■used when mentioning a subject that has not been discussed before, often making it seem less important than it really is 顺便说一句
• Incidentally, I wanted to have a word with you about your expenses claim. 顺便说一句，我原来打算和你谈一下你的开支报销问题。
adv. 顺便；偶然地；附带地
 - passingly, accidentally

Word: PhD
Front: PhD
[.piː eɪtʃ 'diː] (雅 7607/12528 -1)
Vocabulary: PhD
(once / 24936 pages)
n
A PhD is a university degree that a student gets after several years of advanced study in a subject. Once you have a PhD, you can be called "Dr. So-and-so."
The abbreviation PhD stands for "Doctor of Philosophy," and it's also called a Doctorate. Students who attend graduate school and continue their studies beyond a Master's Degree eventually receive a PhD. Most college professors have a PhD. The name of the degree comes from the Latin phrase philosophiae doctor, and the "philosophy" part of the name comes from the Greek word philosophia, "love of wisdom."
WORD FAMILY
PhD: PhDs
USAGE EXAMPLES
I poured lots of time and money into getting a PhD, in hopes that academia might scratch that itch.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Yin holds a PhD in engineering from Tsinghua University and a master's degree in public administration from Harvard University.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Her PhD subject was the illustrations of the early manuscripts of Dante’s Divine Comedy.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: abbr. 博士学位；哲学博士学位（Doctor of Philosophy）
分布：哲学博士(100%)
[ˌpi:.eɪtʃ'di:] (also D Phil)
noun countable abbreviation for
■doctor of philosophy: the highest college or university degree, or someone who has this （哲学）博士；（哲学）博士学位
• a PhD student/thesis 博士生／论文
• Susannah has a PhD in Italian literature. 苏珊娜获得了义大利文学博士学位。
• She's a PhD. 她是一位博士。

Word: mock
Front: mock
[mɒk] (研六托雅宝 7541/8031 -2)
Vocabulary: mock
(once / 202 pages)
vadjn
Imitation may be the most sincere form of flattery, but to mock is to make fun of or mimic someone with contempt, ridicule or derision. "Louise’s favorite pastime was to mock her brother’s inability to sing on key."
The verb mock — as in the use that inspired the name of the mockingbird — can be simple imitation but, more often, to mock someone is to show disdain through mimicry or parody. As an adjective, mock indicates a fake or a simulation: "The design team made the most fabulous mock Eiffel Tower for our staging of An American in Paris." "His mock gratitude was, at times, unbearable."
WORD FAMILY
mock: mocked, mocker, mockery, mocking, mockly, mocks+/mocker: mockers/ mockery: mockeries/ mocking: mockingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We need to avoid the temptation of just saying ‘no’ for the sake of saying ‘no,’” Mock said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the country's security cabinet announced the move after the release of mocking videos from the armed wing of Hamas.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 愚弄，嘲弄
vt. 使受挫折; 不尊重，蔑视
adj. 仿制的; 模拟的; 虚假的; 不诚实的
n. （英国）模拟考试
时态：mocked, mocking, mocks
分布：嘲笑(33%)，模仿(24%)，嘲弄(23%)，模拟的(14%)，假的(3%)，戏弄(2%)，伪装的(1%)
→可能来自拉丁语mucus,鼻涕，即作出擤鼻涕的动作以表示嘲笑和嘲弄，并引申词义模仿。或直接来自拟声词，模仿模仿的声音。
v.嘲笑a.假的,模拟的n.(常pl.)模拟考试The mocker knocked the stock with the knots on the stocking and sock.嘲笑者用长袜和短裤上的结鼓打存货.
【记】把你lock在房间里，mock你。
US [mɑ:k] verb transitive slightly formal
■to laugh at someone, often by copying them in a funny but unkind way 嘲笑，嘲弄；（常指为取笑而）模仿
• They were mocking him because he kept falling off his bike. 他们不断嘲笑他，因为他老是从脚踏车上摔下来。
• She made fun of him by mocking his limp. 她模仿他一瘸一拐地走路来取笑他。
■to make something appear stupid or not effective 愚弄；使徒劳
• The wind mocked their attempts to reach the shore by pushing the boat further and further out to sea. 风把船往海里刮得越来越远，使他们靠岸的努力落空。
UK [mɒk] US [mɑ:k] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mock sth up
■to make a model of something in order to show people what it will look like or how it will work 模拟；用模型展示
UK [mɒk] US [mɑ:k] adjective [before noun]
■not real but appearing or pretending to be exactly like something 假的；仿制的；假装的
• mock cream 人造鲜奶油
• mock leather 人造皮革
• mock surprise 假装出来的惊讶
UK [mɒk] US [mɑ:k] noun countable UK
■an examination taken at school for practice before a real examination 模拟考试
• You will have your mocks during the first two weeks of March. 你们将在三月份的头两个星期进行模拟考试。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
vt. 嘲弄；模仿；使…失望；使…无效
 - guy, simulate, pattern, imitate
vi. 嘲弄，嘲笑
 - make game of, jeer at
n. 嘲弄；仿制品；嘲笑对象
 - derisiveness, imitation
adj. 模拟的；假装的；伪造的
 - affected, false, assumed, simulate
adv. 虚伪地
 - lyingly, falsely

Word: deregulation
Front: deregulation
[ˌdi:ˌreɡjʊ'leɪʃn] (8683/10630)
Vocabulary: deregulation
(once / 9657 pages)
n
A regulation is basically a rule or directive made by an authority. Deregulation is the removal, or cancellation, of certain rules or directives. (The prefix "de-" here means "remove.")
Governments set lots of regulations to create order and uniformity in a particular industry, like banking or manufacturing. When bankers and manufacturers don't like these regulations, they ask the government for fewer controls and restrictions, or deregulation. If your parents are constantly meddling in your life and you would like them to give you a little more freedom, you might consider asking them for deregulation. Your vocabulary might just impress them enough to grant it.
WORD FAMILY
deregulate: deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation +/ regulate: deregulate, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulator, regulatory /regulated: unregulated /regulating: regulatings, self-regulating/ regulation: regulations/regulator: regulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps the first thing that will happen in the new Congress is the push for deregulation.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We’ve seen this movie before: tax cuts, deregulation, crony capitalism.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The incoming administration’s focus on deregulation and support for domestic energy production strengthens the argument against a sudden surge in prices.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 违反规定，反常; 解除管制规定
分布：解除管制(59%)，自由化(34%)，撤消管制规定(7%)
N-UNCOUNT
撤销管制规定;解除控制
Deregulation is the removal of controls and restrictions in a particular area of business or trade.
例：Since deregulation, banks are permitted to set their own interest rates.管制撤销之后，银行可以自行设定利率。
n. 违反规定，反常；撤消管制规定
 - perversion, abnormalcy

Word: generalization
Front: generalization
[ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] (六托 8708/9212)
Vocabulary: generalization
(once / 3106 pages)
n
Taking something specific and applying it more broadly is making a generalization. It's a generalization to say all dogs chase squirrels.
A generalization is taking one or a few facts and making a broader, more universal statement. If all the girls you know play with dolls, you might make the generalization that all girls play with dolls. Scientists try to make generalizations based on research — the more data they have, the more accurate the generalization. Generalizations can be similar to stereotypes in that they are sometimes wrong and harmful. Usually, it's best to stick with specifics and avoid generalizations.
WORD FAMILY
generalization: generalizations+/ general: generalcy, generaled, generalise, generality, generalize, generalled, generalling, generally, generals, generalship/generalcy: generalcies/generalisation: generalisations/generalise: generalisation, generalised, generalises, generalising, overgeneralise/ generality: generalities/ generalize: generalization, generalized, generalizes, generalizing, overgeneralize/generalship: generalships/overgeneralize: overgeneralized, overgeneralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The effect size of the study written about was very small, and the overall interpreted findings are based on extrapolation and generalization.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Understanding that no generalization holds for all fathers, do you think there’s any truth to this one?
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Online, we traffic in algorithms, aggregations and demographic data sets, the pseudoscientific dressing for old habits of generalization and stereotyping.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 一般化; 普通化; 归纳; 概论
分布：泛化(45%)，概括(31%)，一般化(13%)，归纳(11%)
一般化(general+ization)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
US [-ɚ-] noun countable or uncountable mainly disapproving
■a written or spoken comment in which you say or write something very basic, based on limited facts, that is partly or sometimes true, but not always, or when someone generalizes by using such statements 普遍化；归纳陈述（基于有限事实，以书面或口头形式表达的基础性论述，其部分或有时确实，但不绝对可靠）；给出普遍性的论述
• The report is full of errors and sweeping (= extreme) generalizations. 这份报告满是错误和以偏概全的泛论。
• Generalization can be dangerous. 普遍化的归纳可能会很危险。
n. 概括；普遍化；一般化
 - recapitulation, universalization

Word: contraction
Front: contraction
[kənˈtrækʃn] (托 8686/6570 -1)
Vocabulary: contraction
(once / 1339 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A contraction is the act of decreasing the size of something or shortening it, or it can be the process of becoming smaller or compressed.
The two most well-known uses of contraction involve muscles and words. A contraction of the muscle tenses it or shortens it, like when you're standing in the mirror flexing and admiring yourself. On the other hand, a contraction can also be two words that are combined, with a few letters often replaced by an apostrophe, like when we change do and not into don't.
WORD FAMILY
contraction: contractions+/ contract: contractable, contracted, contracting, contraction, contractor, contracts, contractual, contracture, subcontract/ contracted: contractedly/ contractor: contractors/contractual: contractually/contracture: contractures/subcontract: subcontracted, subcontracting, subcontractor, subcontracts/subcontractor: subcontractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authors of the report said the slight contraction in overall sales reflected “the weakened state of the global economy”.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Hackam's group is studying how the organ's nerve network coordinates these contractions and how this network might be replicated from stem cells.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Soccer is just a slangy, 19th-century English contraction of “association football,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 收缩，缩减; [语]缩略，略体，缩写; （开支等）缩减; （分娩时）子宫收缩
分布：收缩(97%)，痉挛(2%)，缩写式(1%)
→来自contract, 收缩。
收缩[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
noun uncountable
■when something becomes smaller or shorter 收缩；缩小；缩短
• Cold causes contraction of the metal. 金属遇冷收缩。
• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm. 这块肌肉收缩使下臂抬起。
countable
■one of the very strong and usually painful movements of the muscles in the womb that help to push the baby out of the mother's body during the process of birth （妇女分娩时宫内肌肉的）收缩，痉挛；子宫收缩
• She was having regular strong contractions every four minutes. 她每四分钟有规律地强烈宫缩一次。
countable
■a shortened form of a word or combination of words which is often used instead of the full form in spoken English （英语口语中的）缩略形式
• 'Won't' is a contraction of 'will not'. won't 是 will not 的缩略形式。
n. [经] 收缩，紧缩；缩写式；害病
 - shrinkage, necking down

Word: avid
Front: avid
[ˈævɪd] (托宝 8676/14467 -1)
Vocabulary: avid
(once / 1989 pages)
adj
Avid usually means very eager or enthusiastic. If you're an avid reader, it means you read as much as you can, whenever you can.
But this adjective can also mean wanting something so much that you can be thought of as greedy. For example, a person can be avid for success or power. Avid is from French avide, from Latin avidus, from avere "to desire, crave."
WORD FAMILY
avid: avidity, avidly, avidness+/ avidity: avidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Middleton was married 21 years to her husband, whom she described as a sweet person who was an avid University of Notre Dame football fan.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Though avid users of social media, white-collar professionals seldom respond collectively to government missteps or social problems.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
But while she is an avid advocate of "when in Rome..."
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 渴望的; 贪婪的; 热心的
分布：热心的(52%)，渴望的(28%)，贪婪的(20%)
→来自拉丁词avere, 渴求，词源同avarice.
渴望的,贪婪的(av+id...的→渴望的)[av,avar,avi=desire,bird,表示"渴望,鸟"]
【记】avi飞，鸟－人类早就渴望飞了－热望的av一种频道，可以玩游戏；id＝ID卡用处更广泛：都是我们渴望的东西
【反】indifferent（adj 漠不关心的）
adjective
■extremely eager or interested 渴望的；急切的；热衷的；干劲十足的
• an avid football fan 狂热的足球球迷
• an avid supporter of the arts 艺术活动的热心支持者
• He took an avid interest in the project. 他对这个企划案产生了极大的兴趣。
• formal She hadn't seen him for six months and was avid for news. 她已六个月未曾见到他，正望穿秋水地盼着他的音讯。
adj. 渴望的，贪婪的；热心的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick

Word: mythology
Front: mythology
[mɪˈθɒlədʒi] (托雅 8692/8886 -1)
Vocabulary: mythology
(once / 735 pages)
n
A mythology is a collection of myths or stories about a specific person, culture, religion, or any group with shared beliefs. Most people don’t consider mythology to be entirely true, but they still take it seriously.
A myth is a story about the olden days, often featuring supernatural characters, and a mythology is a bunch of myths that are related to each other. Greek mythology is filled with tales about relationships between gods and humans, usually with gods pulling pranks all the time. Christian mythology tells the story of God creating the Earth and everything after. Mythology can also mean the study of myths in an academic situation, like studying mythology at a university.
WORD FAMILY
mythology: mythologic, mythological, mythologies, mythologise, mythologist, mythologize +/demythologise: demythologised/demythologize: demythologization, demythologized, demythologizes, demythologizing/mythologic: mythologically/mythologisation: demythologisation/mythologise: demythologise, mythologisation, mythologising/mythologist: mythologists/ mythologize: demythologize, mythologization, mythologized, mythologizes, mythologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The story touches upon elements from the “Harry Potter” and “X-Men” mythologies, if seen through the eyes of David Lynch.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nazi mythologies about Hitler’s origins emphasized his poverty and homelessness as a young man, as well as his disdain for creature comforts.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Trump offered a version of this claim many times, part of the mythology that he built a real estate empire by himself.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 神话学; 神话（总称）; 虚构的事实; 错误的观点
分布：神话(92%)，神话学(5%)，神话集(3%)
→来自myth,神话，-logy,学说。
神话学(myth神话+o+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
神话学[myth=fable(寓言)]
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
ANCIENT STORIES 古代故事
■myths in general 神话
• She's fascinated by the stories of classical mythology (= ancient Greek and Roman myths). 她被古典神话故事迷住了。
UK [mɪ'θɒl.ə.dʒi] US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
POPULAR BELIEF 普遍的看法
■a popular belief that is probably not true 普遍但错误的看法
• It's just a piece of popular mythology that people always get sacked when they are away. 缺勤总会遭到解雇其实是一种普遍的错误观念。
n. 神话；神话学；神话集
 - fairy story, fairy tales

Word: emanate
Front: emanate
[ˈeməneɪt] (托宝 8681/8454 -1)
Vocabulary: emanate
(once / 1098 pages)
v
When you use the word emanate, you're usually talking about lights, sounds, or unseen forces coming out of a specific source. If you hear creepy sounds emanating from an old house, that might mean it's haunted.
Emanate derives from the Latin e- 'out' and manare to flow. If that last word looks a little like manure to you, you might be interested to know that they're not at all related. Thank goodness, too, because the idea of manure flowing out––or emanating––is not something to be discussed in polite company.
WORD FAMILY
emanate: emanated, emanates, emanating, emanation +/ emanation: emanations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bear Bryant is still all-powerful in Alabama, a colossus emanating an aura that is tangible, even posthumously.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Siatta was quieter than usual and emanated discipline and self-control.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Let me try,” it said to my surprise as a magic pixie dust sound effect emanated from its base.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出，散发; 放射; 起源
时态：emanated, emanating, emanates
分布：发出(56%)，散发(44%)
→e-, 向外。-man, 流出，显露。
【记】e个man吃ate完饭后特别热，散发出阵阵的汗臭。
['em.ə.neɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to express a quality or feeling through the way that you look and behave 表现；显示
• Her face emanated sadness. 她脸上露出伤心的表情。
['em.ə.neɪt] formal
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  emanate from/through sth/sb
■to come out of or be produced by something or someone 来自…；发源于…；产生于…
• Angry voices emanated from the room. 房间里传出愤怒的声音。
vi. 发出；散发；发源
 - to send out, give off

Word: stalk
Front: stalk
[stɔ:k] (研六托宝 6634/10135 -2)
Vocabulary: stalk
(once / 410 pages)
1n 2nv
A stalk is a long, vertical stem or connecting part of a plant. When you eat celery, do you like the inner stalks, which are paler and more tender, or the tough outer ones?
As a verb, stalk means to walk stiffly or angrily. If someone insults you, you might stalk from the room and refuse to listen to another word. When hunting, an animal stalks its prey — it follows its quarry stealthily until it's time to pounce. Similarly, if a person stalks you, they follow and watch you. It is very threatening and frightening to the one who is being stalked, and the police should be called.
WORD FAMILY
stalk: stalked, stalker, stalking, stalkless, stalks+/ stalker: stalkers/ stalking: stalkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He seasons the brodo with fresh thyme stalks, lemon juice and salt.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Taylor University’s 40-foot brick bell tower rises like a stalk from the Indiana corn.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
He created 60 Twitter handles for Islamic State propaganda and stalked residences in Northern Virginia that were on the group’s “kill lists.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. [植]茎，秆; 叶柄，花梗; 高视阔步; 偷偷接近，潜随
vt. 追踪，潜近; 高视阔步
vi. 高视阔步地走; 潜近，偷偷接近
时态：stalked, stalking, stalks
分布：茎(54%)，梗(18%)，蔓延(11%)，高视阔步(8%)，跟踪(5%)，高视阔步地走(3%)，悄悄靠近(1%)
→来自中古英语 stalke,小杆，小柱，小词形式于 stale,来自古英语 stalu,直柱，立柱，来自 Proto-Germanic*stallaz,放置，固定位置，来自 stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,stand.引申 词义叶柄，花茎等。stalk 跟踪，盯梢，偷偷接近
n.茎,梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走The hunter stalked the bear through the woods.那个猎人穿过树林,悄悄走近熊.
【记】由于植物的茎可以通过测量动物脚印的深度和测出动物粪便的湿度，所以有利于追踪猎物－追踪
【参】stem（n 茎；v 阻止）
US [stɑ:k] noun countable
■the main stem of a plant, or the narrow stem that joins leaves, flowers or fruit to the main stem of a plant （植物的）茎，秆；（叶或果实的）柄，蒂；（花）梗
• She trimmed the stalks of the tulips before putting them in a vase. 她修剪了一下郁金香的花梗，然后把它们插进了花瓶。
■a narrow structure that supports a part of the body in some animals （某些动物的）肉柄，肉茎
• The eyes of shrimps are on movable stalks. 虾的眼睛长在能够活动的肉柄上。
UK [stɔ:k] US [stɑ:k] noun countable
eyes out on stalks UK humorous
■If your eyes are out on stalks, they are wide open with surprise 吃惊得瞪大了眼睛
• His eyes were out on stalks as he watched his neighbour drive past in a brand new Porsche. 看到邻居开着一辆崭新的保时捷经过时，他吃惊得瞪大了眼睛。
UK [stɔ:k] US [stɑ:k] verb
FOLLOW 跟随
transitive
■to follow an animal or person as closely as possible without being seen or heard, usually in order to catch or kill them 跟踪，悄悄地靠近（猎物或人）
• The police had been stalking the woman for a week before they arrested her. 警方逮捕那个女人之前已经跟踪了她一个星期。
intransitive or transitive
■to illegally follow and watch someone, usually a woman, over a period of time （在一段时期内）非法跟踪骚扰（通常指女性）
• He was arrested for stalking. 他因跟踪骚扰女性而被捕。
transitive literary
■If something unpleasant stalks a place, it appears there in a threatening way （令人不快的事）笼罩
• When night falls, danger stalks the streets of the city. 夜幕降临之后，该市的大街小巷危机四伏。
UK [stɔ:k] US [stɑ:k] verb
WALK 走
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to walk in an angry or proud way 怒气冲冲地走；趾高气扬地走
• She refused to accept that she was wrong and stalked furiously out of the room. 她拒绝承认自己的错误，怒气冲冲地走出了房间。
n. （植物的）茎，秆；（支持叶子、果实和花的） [植] 梗， [生物] 柄；追踪；高视阔步
 - stem, tracking, handle
vt. 追踪，潜近；高视阔步
 - trail, follow up on
vi. 高视阔步地走；潜近，偷偷接近
 - move in on

Word: farmland
Front: farmland
[ˈfɑ:mlænd] (8682/10117 -1)
Back: n. 农田，耕地
分布：农田(100%)
US ['fɑ:rm-] noun uncountable
■land that is used for or is suitable for farming 农田；耕地
n. [农] 农田
 - cropland

Word: municipality
Front: municipality
[mju:ˌnɪsɪˈpæləti] (宝 8688/21335 -1)
Vocabulary: municipality
(once / 1792 pages)
n
If you live in a town or city that has a mayor or other officials who govern it, you live in a municipality.
The word municipality comes from the Latin municipium, meaning "free city." A municipality has its own government, but sometimes municipalities join together to share services. For instance, two neighboring municipalities might decide to share a single recycling center in order to cut costs.
WORD FAMILY
municipality: municipalities+/ municipal: municipality, municipally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, even those 21 municipalities don’t fully cooperate, officials acknowledged.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The law establishes stricter timetables for state agencies and municipalities to respond to public records requests.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The District’s commitment to non-simple solutions is the most notable among all the municipalities in the area.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 自治市; 市政当局
分布：自治市(80%)，市当局(20%)
→来自municipal,地方自治的。即自治市。
市政当局(municipal市政的+ity)[muni,mun=public,表示"公共的"]
【记】muni拼音：慕尼（黑）就是municipality
US [-tˌi] noun countable
■a city or town with its own local government, or the local government itself 市，自治市；市政府，市政当局
• The municipality provides services such as electricity, water and rubbish collection. 市政当局提供供电、供水及垃圾收集等服务。
n. 市民；市政当局；自治市或区
 - citizen, corporation

Word: boredom
Front: boredom
[ˈbɔ:dəm] (托宝 8671/7682 -1)
Vocabulary: boredom
(once / 3187 pages)
n
Boredom can make you do crazy things, like watching terrible old game shows on television or eating the bag of chocolate chips you find in the freezer. The feeling of being bored or uninterested in what you're doing is boredom.
Everyone experiences boredom sometimes. The feeling that nothing catches your interest, that everything's dull and flat, sums up the state of boredom. Too much time on your hands can result in boredom, and so can the tediousness of doing the same thing over and over again, like a dreary task at a job. The word boredom comes from something called a "boring tool", a kind of drill that works slowly and repetitively; around 1768, bore, meaning "be tiresome," became a popular slang term, and boredom followed.
WORD FAMILY
boredom: boredoms+/ bore: bored, borer, bores, boring, counterbore/ bored: boredly, boredom /borer: borers/ boring: boringly, boringness, borings/counterbore: counterbores
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The kids that are bright, you hope don’t die of boredom,” she says.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He finds, maybe, a value in boredom, which I also kind of relate to.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They were often days of boredom, punctuated by bursts of drama and bravado.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 讨厌，令人讨厌的事物; 无聊，无趣; 厌倦
分布：无聊(58%)，厌倦(26%)，厌烦(14%)，令人厌烦的事物(2%)
【记】bore（麻烦），dom（表名词）－厌烦，厌倦
US ['bɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■when you are bored 厌烦，厌倦；乏味；无聊
• They started quarrelling out of sheer boredom. 他们开始吵架完全是出于无聊。
n. 厌倦；令人厌烦的事物
 - taedium, ennui

Word: unrealistic
Front: unrealistic
[ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk] (8684/7764 -1)
Back: adj. 不切实际的; 不现实的; 空想的; 不实在的
分布：不切实际的(91%)，不实在的(9%)
US [-ri:.ə-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■having a wrong idea of what is likely to happen or of what you can really do; not based on facts 不切实际的；不实事求是的；不现实的
• I think these sales forecasts are unrealistic, considering how slow sales are at present. 想想目前的销售速度有多慢，我觉得这些销售预测是不切实际的。
• [+ to infinitive] It's unrealistic to expect an answer before next week. 期待下周之前得到答覆是不切实际的。
adj. 不切实际的；不实在的
 - ideal, dream

Word: Latin
Front: Latin
['lætɪn] (研四六 2526/3324)
Back: adj. 拉丁语的；拉丁人的
n. 拉丁语；拉丁人
分布：拉丁语(38%)，拉丁语的(22%)，拉丁语系国家的(18%)，拉丁人(13%)，拉丁人的(9%)
→来自拉丁语Latinus,即Latium，古罗马地名，词源同latitude,展开，宽度。即Latium人的语言，拉丁语。
a.拉丁的,拉丁文的n.拉丁语He is studying Latin.他在学习拉丁语.
US ['lætˌ-] noun uncountable
■the language used by ancient Romans and as the language of educated people in many European countries in the past 拉丁语
UK ['læt.ɪn] US ['lætˌ-] adjective
■written in Latin 用拉丁语写的
• a Latin poem 拉丁语诗歌
■relating to (people or things in) countries which use a language which developed from Latin 拉丁语系国家的；拉丁语系民族的；拉丁人的
• his Latin good looks 他那拉丁人特有的英俊相貌

Word: inaccurate
Front: inaccurate
[ɪnˈækjərət] (六雅 8689/8642 -1)
Vocabulary: inaccurate
(once / 2029 pages)
adj
If what you tell me is not exactly right, it is inaccurate. If you measured the amount of rainfall incorrectly, your data about the climate would be inaccurate.
Accuracy means being very precise and getting the information right. When something is inaccurate, it is the opposite of exact. If you get a question wrong on a test, your teacher will not say, "You, sir, are inaccurate," she'll just say you are wrong. She might also explain that your inaccurate methodology led to an inaccurate response.
WORD FAMILY
inaccurate: inaccurately+/ accuracy: accuracies, inaccuracy / accurate: accuracy, accurately, accuratest, inaccurate / inaccuracy: inaccuracies
USAGE EXAMPLES
My female GP changed my condition to non-morbid obesity after I complained that the previous label, obesity due to excess food consumption, was inaccurate.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
In an email, he characterized the data in the report as “grossly inaccurate” and its conclusions “completely unreliable.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Sleep sensors are feeding back inaccurate information,” said Hawley Montgomery-Downs, a sleep expert and an associate professor of psychology at West Virginia University.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有错误的; 不精密的; 不正确的; 不准确
分布：不准确的(74%)，错误的(26%)
→in-,不，非，accurate,精确的。
US [-jɚ.ət] adjective
■not completely correct or exact, or not able to do something correctly or exactly 不准确的；不精确的
• Their estimate of the cost of the project was wildly (= extremely) inaccurate. 他们对专案费用的估计非常不准确。
• an inaccurate device/weapon 不精确的设备／武器
adj. 错误的
 - false, wrong, incorrect, improper, erroneous

Word: commemorate
Front: commemorate
[kəˈmeməreɪt] (研托雅宝 8691/7928 -2)
Vocabulary: commemorate
(once / 875 pages)
v
To commemorate something means to remember something and by doing so to honor it, as in “We would like to commemorate his many years of past service by presenting him with this lovely gold watch.”
The word commemorate has a pretty clear echo of memory in it, so it can help to keep it in your mind just by noticing that. You might also notice that you’ve seen the word before, either in late-night infomercials or in various advertisements in magazines, when they talk about commemorative plates, or stamps, or coins: little things that are supposed to honor events or people by recalling them to our collective memory.
WORD FAMILY
commemorate: commemorated, commemorates, commemorating, commemoration, commemorative +/ commemoration: commemorations/ commemorative: commemoratively, commemoratives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centenary of the battle of the Somme was widely commemorated.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The Treasury announced that Harriet Tubman will become the first black person commemorated on a U.S. bank note.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The obituary for Bill Usery commemorated a life committed to finding mutually beneficial solutions to the thorniest of labor, management and governmental problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 纪念， 庆祝; 成为…的纪念
时态：commemorated, commemorating, commemorates
分布：纪念(100%)
→com-, 强调。-memor, 记忆，见memory。
纪念(com+memor记住+ate→大家一起记住→纪念)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
纪念(com共同+memor+ate→一起记→纪念)[memor=memory,表示"记忆"]
vt.纪念,庆祝The member of good memory remembers to commemorate his friend with memorials.那位记性好的成员记得用纪念品纪念他的朋友.
【记】com共同，memorate＝memory（n 记忆）－大家都记住－纪念
verb transitive
■to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event, especially by a public ceremony or by making a statue or special building （尤指举行公开仪式或竖立雕塑或特别建筑）纪念，缅怀
• Gathered all together in this church, we commemorate those who lost their lives in the great war. 我们聚集在这座教堂里，缅怀那些在大战中丧生的人。
• A statue has been built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the poet's birthday. 为纪念诗人百年诞辰建起了一尊雕像。
vt. 庆祝，纪念；成为…的纪念
 - celebrate with, honour the memory of

Word: groom
Front: groom
[gru:m] (宝 8693/8920 -1)
Vocabulary: groom
(once / 580 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
To groom means to take care of the appearance, whether it's plucking eyebrows or combing hair. When you spend over an hour grooming in the bathroom, combing your mustache and buffing your nails, you drive everyone else who needs to use the bathroom crazy.
You can groom something besides a person. Resorts groom their golf courses and ski runs. If you own a horse, you groom it every day. Animals groom each other by picking off insects and licking at fur. You can also use groom in regards to the mind. If you are being groomed for a certain spot or position, you are being prepared to take over its activities and responsibilities. Let's hope that you will someday be groomed for a spot on an executive board. And last but not least, the man getting married at a wedding is the groom.
WORD FAMILY
groom: groomed, grooming, grooms+/groomed: ungroomed/grooming: groomings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This possibly means that Rachel is being groomed to be the next star of The Bachelorette and if that happens—ABOUT TIME, SHOW.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In late August, on the day before classes resumed, Harriott instructed his team to comply with St. Thomas’s grooming standards.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In an office toilet in London, young women discuss their grooming regimes.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使整洁; 使（动物）清洁; 准备
n. 新郎; 马夫; 王室侍从官; 〈古〉男仆
vi. 打扮
时态：groomed, grooming, grooms
分布：新郎(80%)，马夫(9%)，培养(5%)，打扮(4%)，梳理毛发(1%)，王室侍从者(1%)
→来自古英语grome, 男仆。词源同grow, crew.
【记】g，room哥哥在房间里作新郎bridegroom（n 新郎）的缩写groom
verb transitive
CLEAN 弄干净
■to clean an animal, often by brushing its fur 擦洗，刷洗（动物）
• Polly spends hours in the stables grooming her pony. 波莉在马厩里刷洗她的小马，一洗就几个小时。
[gru:m] verb transitive
PREPARE 准备
■to prepare someone for a special job or activity 培养；培训；使做好准备
• She was being groomed for leadership. 她正在接受训练以担任领导。
• [+ to infinitive] My boss is grooming me to take over his job next year. 我的老板正在栽培我，以便下一年我可以接替他。
[gru:m] verb transitive
SEX 性
■to become friends with a child, especially over the Internet, in order to try to persuade them to have a sexual relationship with you （尤指透过网际网路）勾引，诱骗，诱奸（儿童）
[gru:m] noun countable
MAN 男人
■a bridegroom
• The bride and groom walked down the aisle together. 新娘和新郎一起走过教堂的通道。
[gru:m] noun countable
HORSES 马
■a person whose job is to take care of and clean horses 马夫
vt. 整饰；推荐；喂马
 - recommend (for admission to school), recommend for
n. 新郎；马夫；男仆
 - bridegroom, stableman
vi. 打扮
 - dress oneself, sharp

Word: filthy
Front: filthy
[ˈfɪlθi] (托 8696/7085 -1)
Vocabulary: filthy
(once / 891 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Filthy is a dirty word. Sure, you can say it aloud in public, but it means "dirty" — like your dirty laundry pile by the end of the week.
The joy of filthy really lies in the limitless range of its usage. Just about anything can be filthy, not just your dirty socks. You can have filthy living conditions, or wear filthy clothes, but it's also used to refer to something morally or ethically odious, too: "filthy liar," "filthy language," and so on. It can also indicate envy or outrage on the part of the user, as in our favorite use of the word, "filthy rich." Now that's a use of filthy we'd be happy to put up with.
WORD FAMILY
filthy: filthier, filthiest, filthily, filthiness, filthyly+/ filth: filths, filthy /filthiness: filthinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So let’s prepare a gift for the filthy pigs/apes.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The jihadists locked her up in a filthy room with rats and bugs.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Former inmate Prince - not his real name - described 1735 as "filthy".
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 肮脏的，污秽的; 猥亵的，淫秽的; 下流的
级别：filthier, filthiest
分布：肮脏的(59%)，污秽的(28%)，下流的(9%)，卑劣的(4%)
adjective
DIRTY 肮脏的
 ADVANCED
■extremely or unpleasantly dirty 肮脏的；污秽的
• Wash your hands - they're filthy! 去洗手，你的手太脏了！
• Look at this cloth - it's filthy! 看看这块布，太脏了！
• I've never smoked - it's a filthy habit. 我从不吸烟，那是一个极坏的习惯。
• figurative That girl just gave me a filthy look (= looked at me in a very unpleasant, disapproving way). 那个女孩恶狠狠地瞪了我一眼。
• UK He was in a filthy (= a very bad) temper/mood. 他那时候脾气极坏／情绪极糟。
['fɪl.θi] adjective
OFFENSIVE 冒犯性的
■containing sexually offensive words or pictures 下流的，淫秽的，猥亵的
• filthy language 污言秽语
• a filthy joke 下流的笑话
• humorous You've got a filthy mind! 你满脑子淫乱思想！
['fɪl.θi] adverb
filthy dirty
■extremely dirty 极脏；污秽不堪
filthy rich informal
■extremely rich 极有钱，富得流油
adj. 肮脏的；污秽的；猥亵的
 - dirty, salt, grimy

Word: defer
Front: defer
[dɪˈfɜ:(r)] (托雅宝 8699/8520 -1)
Vocabulary: defer
(once / 356 pages)
v
Defer means to put off or delay. You can try to defer the inevitable by pushing “snooze” and falling back asleep, but eventually you're going to have to get up.
If you're excellent at pushing things to a later date and a master at procrastination, then you already know how to defer. But defer can also mean to comply with another person’s opinion or wishes. So when your boss finds out you deferred your work to shop online instead, you should probably defer when she asks you to come in and finish everything up over the weekend.
WORD FAMILY
defer: deferent, deferment, deferral, deferred, deferring, defers+/ deference: deferences, deferential /deferent: deference, deferently/ deferential: deferentially, undeferential/ deferment: deferments/deferral: deferrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The likely outcome of such complications is that the effective date for Obamacare repeal and replacement will be deferred for several years.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“In many ways, I think, he deferred,” said Mr. Nasr, now the dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The model defers to local physicians who are in tune with local cultural nuances.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 使推迟; 使延期; 拖延，推迟; [军]使延期入伍
vi. 服从; 延期; 推迟
时态：deferred, deferring, defers
分布：推迟(73%)，延期(17%)，顺从(7%)，使延期入伍(2%)，把…委托给他人(1%)
→de-, 分开，散开。-fer, 拿，带，词源同bring, infer. 即分散开，引申义推迟，延迟。defer 遵从，顺从
延期;敬从(de坏+fer→带来坏→延期;de强调+fer→一再带来敬意)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
US [-'fɝ:] (-rr-)
verb transitive
■to delay something until a later time; to postpone 使延期，使延缓，推迟
• My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan while I'm still a student. 银行同意在我上学期间延迟偿还贷款。
• [+ -ing verb] Can we defer making a decision until next week 我们可以延缓到下周再决定吗？
UK [dɪ'fɜ:r] US [-'fɝ:] (-rr-)
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  defer to sb/sth formal
■to allow someone or something to make decisions for you or tell you what to do, even if you disagree with them, because of your respect for them or because of their higher rank, authority, knowledge, etc. 听从，顺从，遵从
• I have to defer to my boss on important decisions. 在重大决策上，我必须听从老板的意见。
• I defer to (= accept) your judgment. 我同意你的判断。
suspend, defer, postpone, prolong, delay, put off
这组词都有“推延，延期”的意思，其区别是：
suspend: 指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。
defer: 正式用词，语气强于postpone，多指故意拖延。
postpone: 正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。
prolong: 指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度。
delay: 普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。
put off: 口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。
vi. 推迟；延期；服从
 - delay, to postpone
vt. 使推迟；使延期
 - respite

Word: exceptionally
Front: exceptionally
[ɪkˈsepʃənəli] (托 8698/5956)
Back: adv. 例外地，异常地，特殊地
分布：特别地(60%)，格外地(40%)
例外地(exception例外)[-ally表副词,由al+ly构成,"…地"]
ADJ-GRADED
优异的;非凡的
You use exceptional to describe someone or something that has a particular quality, usually a good quality, to an unusually high degree.
例：...children with exceptional ability...具有非凡才能的孩子们
例：His translation is exceptional in its poetic quality.他的译作非常有诗意。
ADJ-GRADED
例外的;特殊的
Exceptional situations and incidents are unusual and only likely to happen very infrequently.
例：...if the courts hold that this case is exceptional...如果法庭认为这是个特殊案例
例：School governors have the discretion to allow parents to withdraw pupils in exceptional circumstances.督学可以酌情允许父母在特殊情况下让学生退学。
adv. 异常地；特殊地；例外地
 - singularly, unconventionally

Word: rampant
Front: rampant
[ˈræmpənt] (托雅宝 8704/11668 -1)
Vocabulary: rampant
(once / 2211 pages)
1adj 2adj
Rampant means wild, out of control, to be up on your hind legs roaring at the world. You don't have to be four-legged: "The children ran rampant at the supermarket even though their mother tried to control them."
If you're running rampant, you're on a rampage. Both come from the French word ramper meaning "to climb, creep" like an animal on hind legs, paws in climbing-mode, or like wild plants such as the kudzu that ran rampant over an old barn until the entire thing was covered. There can also be rampant wildfires that destroy houses in the Southwest, or robots that run rampant in the lab after the janitor accidentally sets them free.
WORD FAMILY
rampant: rampantly+/ ramp: rampage, rampant, ramped, ramping, ramps/ rampage: rampaged, rampageous, rampages, rampaging/rampageous: rampageousest, rampageously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police released crime statistics on Sunday that reveal rampant gun violence.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“This attack shows how rampant Russian hacking is. It’s systemic, relentless, predatory,” Rep. Peter Welch said in a statement.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Militants ran protection rackets, and local government corruption was rampant.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 蔓延的; 猖獗的; （指动物）只用后腿站立的; （植物）疯长的
分布：猖獗的(87%)，蔓延的(7%)，猛烈的(6%)
→来自 ramp,狂暴。
【记】ram羊，pant裤子：样都穿裤子了－猖獗的
adjective
INCREASING 增加的
■(of something bad) getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way （不好的事情）猖獗的，泛滥的
• rampant corruption 腐败猖獗
• Rampant inflation means that our wage increases soon become worth nothing. 通货膨胀涨个不停，这意味着我们增长的工资很快就一钱不值了。
• He said that he had encountered rampant prejudice in his attempts to get a job. 他说他在找工作时，四处遭受歧视。
• Disease is rampant in the overcrowded city. 疾病在过分拥挤的城市中肆虐。
['ræm.pənt] adjective
STANDING 站立的
[after noun] specialized
■(of an animal represented on a coat of arms) standing on its back legs with its front legs raised （纹章上所绘的动物）用后腿站立的，跃立的
• a lion rampant 跃立的雄狮纹章图案
adj. 猖獗的；蔓延的；狂暴的；奔放的
 - angry, rude

Word: chile

Word: outweigh
Front: outweigh
[ˌaʊtˈweɪ] (托雅 8702/8540 -1)
Vocabulary: outweigh
(once / 2352 pages)
v
To outweigh is to be heavier or more important than something (or someone). A preschooler's needs might outweigh those of his uncle, even if the uncle does outweigh him by 200 pounds.
Your Great Dane definitely outweighs your kitten, just like your car outweighs your bicycle and you outweigh the ant you just accidentally stepped on. If someone says "the benefits outweigh the risks," they mean that what can be gained is much more significant that what might be lost or risked: "I think you should apply for that scholarship; the benefits really outweigh the risks."
WORD FAMILY
outweigh: outweighed, outweighing, outweighs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, in cases where talent is accompanied by real psychological disturbance, do the creative benefits really outweigh the costs to the individual?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But one expert says if the sector is achieve its potential, consumers need to be reassured that the risks do not outweigh the benefits.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Current estimates are that dark matter outweighs our stuff by a factor of 10 to 20.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 在重量上超过; 比…重要; 胜过，强过; 比…有价值
时态：outweighed, outweighing, outweighs
分布：比 ... 有价值(50%)，比 ... 重要(50%)
→out-,超过，weigh,称重。
verb transitive
■to be greater or more important than something else 比…更重要；重于；大于
• The benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks. 这种治疗方法的好处远远大于任何风险。
vt. 比…重（在重量上）；比…重要；比…有价值
 - come before, take precedence over

Word: nanny
Front: nanny
[ˈnæni] (8687/7333 -2)
Vocabulary: nanny
(once / 2846 pages)
1n 2n
A nanny is a full-time babysitter, someone whose job is taking care of a family's children. If you're a lucky kid, your nanny will be like Mary Poppins or Maria from "A Sound of Music."
Being a nanny goes beyond hourly childcare — a nanny is usually the person who spends the most time with a baby or child. A nanny might feed, bathe, play with, and otherwise care for a toddler, or drive an older child to ballet lessons. Most nannies work in the child's home, sometimes even living there. A completely different definition of nanny is "female goat." The word's origin is probably as a nickname for Ann, a generic woman's name, though it's also traditionally used for "close female adult," such as an aunt.
WORD FAMILY
nanny: nannies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He works at a coin-op laundry, while his wife, 49, is a babysitter, a midwife and a nanny.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Competition is fierce to become a panda nanny in China, but what is the job really like?
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
The sequel is set in the 1930s and involves the now grown up children being paid a visit by their former nanny following a bereavement.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （儿童的）保姆; <口>奶奶; 姥姥; 母山羊
分布：保姆(99%)，外婆(1%)
→来自儿语。比较aunt.
noun countable
GRANDMOTHER （外）祖母 UK informal for
■ grandmother
['næn.i] noun countable
JOB 工作
■a woman whose job is to take care of a particular family's children （照看小孩的）保姆
n. 保姆；母山羊
 - nurserymaid, mammie

Word: stylish
Front: stylish
[ˈstaɪlɪʃ] (8712/8883 -2)
Vocabulary: stylish
(once / 2447 pages)
adj
A stylish person is someone who has a bold sense of fashion, like a queen with flowing robes and gowns, or your friend who always wears the best-looking jeans.
Stylish can describe polite and elegant manners, or it can describe dressing with the current fashion trends, like you walked off the pages of a magazine. The word style makes up the bulk of stylish, and stylish people are in tune with all the latest styles of dress. The suffix ish- can mean “belonging to” and also “addicted to,” and stylish people sometimes do have an addiction to clothes.
WORD FAMILY
stylish: stylisher, stylishest, stylishly, stylishness, unstylish+/ style: styled, styleless, styler, styles, styling, stylise, stylish, stylist, stylistic, stylize /styled: self-styled/stylise: stylisation, stylised/stylist: stylists/stylistic: stylistically/stylization: stylizations/ stylize: stylization, stylized, stylizes, stylizing/unstylish: unstylishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Marc Riboud, a giant of humanist photography, did so with stylish ease.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
“She is such a stylish individual because of her confidence and intelligence.”
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Vernon-based Critical Cycles helps you build your own bike online with stylish options.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 时髦的，流行的，入时的; 现代风格的; 漂亮的
分布：时髦的(75%)，流行的(15%)，潇洒的(10%)
→style,风格，举止，时尚，-ish,形容词后缀。
adjective approving
 ADVANCED
■of a high quality in appearance, design or behaviour 气派；优雅格调
• The film's direction is subtle and stylish. 这部电影导演手法精巧细致、格调高雅。
adj. 时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, smart

Word: abrupt
Front: abrupt
[əˈbrʌpt] (高研六托雅宝 8703/8560 -2)
Vocabulary: abrupt
(once / 194 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
An abrupt decision is one you make suddenly. An abrupt halt is one the Road Runner comes to when reaching an abrupt drop-off—you'd hear brakes squealing.
Because being abrupt with someone is often a way of showing them that you are angry, you often apologize for the appearance of it. "I'm sorry I was abrupt. I was rushing to get to class." The root of abrupt is Latin rumpere "to break," which also gives us rupture "break" and interrupt "break into."
WORD FAMILY
abrupt: abruptedly, abrupter, abruptest, abruptly, abruptness +/ abruptness: abruptnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro declared the abrupt cash overhaul an economic triumph, claiming people were racing to deposit the old notes into banks.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He described the company’s change as an “evolution,” not an abrupt shift.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Everyone was surprised by the state’s abrupt change in position.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 突然的，意外的; 无理的，唐突的; 不连贯的; 陡峭的
分布：突然的(46%)，陡峭的(26%)，唐突的(18%)，意外的(10%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，断开。词根rupt, 断开，见corrupt, 词源同river, 水流冲刷。
突然的(ab离开+rupt→断开→突然断开→突然的)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
a.突然的,出其不意的;(行为等)粗鲁无礼的The abrupt corrupt man had the Xeroxed code corroded in the erosion episode.突然的腐败的人让人在腐蚀插曲过程中腐蚀被影印的代码.
adjective
SUDDEN 突然的
 ADVANCED
■describes something that is sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant 突然的；意外的
• an abrupt change/movement 突变／突发的动作
• Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room. 乔治突然冲进房间里，我们的谈话戛然而止。
• The road ended in an abrupt (= sudden and very steep) slope down to the sea. 道路沿一个险峭陡坡俯冲到海边，就到了尽头。
[ə'brʌpt] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■using too few words when talking, in a way that seems rude and unfriendly （言语）生硬的，鲁莽的，唐突的
• an abrupt manner /reply 唐突的举止／生硬的回答
• He is sometimes very abrupt with clients. 他有时对待客户非常粗鲁。
steep, abrupt, sheer
这些形容词均含“陡峭的，险峻的”之意。
steep: 指坡度向上逐渐增加的斜陡坡，强调险峻，暗示难于攀登。
abrupt: 着重指地形突然起伏，形成尖角状。
sheer: 指自始至终近于垂直的陡峭，不仅仅很难爬上去，甚至于不可能攀登。
adj. 生硬的；突然的；唐突的；陡峭的
 - sudden, short, angular

Word: demographics
Front: demographics
[ˌdeməˈgræfɪks] (8705/-)
Back: n. 人口特征; 人口统计学的( demographic的名词复数 )
分布：名词(100%)
plural noun
■the quantity and characteristics of the people who live in a particular area, especially in relation to their age, how much money they have and what they spend it on 人口统计数据，人口统计结果
• The demographics of the country have changed dramatically in recent years. 近年来该国的人口统计数据发生了巨大变化。
• No one has exact demographics on (= information about the quantity and characteristics of the people who live in) the area. 没有人掌握该地区人口数量和特征方面的确切统计数据。

Word: terminal
Front: terminal
[ˈtɜ:mɪnl] (高研四六托雅宝 5777/4011 -2)
Vocabulary: terminal
(once / 853 pages)
1adjn 2n 3n 4adj
Terminal is a word with many meanings. Depending on how it's used, it can describe a place where passengers end their journey, a computer screen and keyboard, or a life-ending disease.
As a noun, terminal describes a bus or train station at the end of the line. When your aunt takes the bus into town, you pick her up at the terminal. Her visit becomes very sad when your aunt tells you she's been diagnosed with an illness that's terminal — an adjective meaning she hasn't long to live. This is surprising news, since you've always believed your aunt is a hypochondriac. Now you have to go to your computer terminal and look up her disease.
WORD FAMILY
terminal: subterminal, terminally, terminals+/ interminable: interminably/terminable: interminable / terminate: terminable, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminative/ termination: terminations/terminative: terminatively/ terminus: terminal, terminate, termini, terminuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A massive $6 billion redevelopment project includes apartments, hotels and a ferry terminal.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A Pemex spokesman said relatively few gasoline stations were affected, although protesters temporarily blocked storage terminals, delaying the delivery of gasoline to retail points.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The work also included adding nearly 13,000 square feet of interior space and remodeling about 20,000 square feet of the existing terminal.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 末期的; 晚期的; 定期的; 末端的
n. 终端; 终点站; 航空站; （电路的）端子
分布：终点(32%)，末端(18%)，终点站(16%)，终端机(10%)，末端的(8%)，晚期的(6%)，航站楼(5%)，终点的(5%)
→termin-,边界，终端，-al,形容词后缀。即终端的，后形容词作名词使用。
终结的n.终端(termin+al)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
a.晚期的;终点的;期末的n.终点(站);终端The thermal therapy terminated after the terminal germ seminar.热疗在期末细菌研讨会后终止了.
US ['tɝ:-] adjective
ILLNESS 疾病
 ADVANCED
■(of a disease or illness) leading gradually to death （疾病）晚期的，末期的
• She has terminal cancer. 她患有末期癌症。
■A terminal patient is one who is seriously ill and will die soon. （病人）病情危重的
UK ['tɜ:.mɪ.nəl] US ['tɝ:-] adjective
EXTREME 极度的
 ADVANCED
■extreme, when referring to something unpleasant or negative 极其的，极度的
• He has nothing to do all day and is suffering from terminal boredom. 他终日无所事事，极其无聊。
• She claims that the shipbuilding industry is in terminal decline. 她声称造船业已经衰败到极点。
UK ['tɜ:.mɪ.nəl] US ['tɝ:-] noun countable
BUILDING 建筑
 ADVANCED
■the area or building at a station, airport or port which is used by passengers leaving or arriving by train, aircraft or ship 月台；候机楼，航站；码头
• Your flight to Perth will leave from Terminal 4. 您乘坐前往珀斯的航班将在第四航厦起飞。
UK ['tɜ:.mɪ.nəl] US ['tɝ:-] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑
■a piece of equipment consisting of a keyboard and screen, which is used for communicating with the part of a computing system that deals with information 电脑终端
UK ['tɜ:.mɪ.nəl] US ['tɝ:-] noun countable
ELECTRICITY 电 specialized the point at which a connection can be made in an electric circuit （电路的）端子，线接头
stop, terminal, station
这组词都有“站”的意思，其区别是：
stop: 多指公共汽车站，尤指中途停车站。
terminal: 指火车、公共汽车或飞机的终点(总)站。
station: 普通用词，一般指火车站或汽车站。
n. 末端； [交] 终点； [计] 终端机；极限
 - destination, limitation, threshold, bottom, goal
adj. [动] 末端的； [交] 终点的；晚期的
 - advanced, finishing, marginal

Word: simultaneous
Front: simultaneous
[ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəs] (研六托雅宝 8695/7876 -2)
Vocabulary: simultaneous
(once / 435 pages)
adj
The adjective simultaneous describes something that is done at the same time as something else. "The teachers all assigned simultaneous projects to the students that week. The kids were grumbling and sleep-deprived due to the grind."
The Latin root of simultaneous is simul, which also means "at the same time." One way to remember this word is to think of simulcast programs that are simultaneously available through different television networks, radio stations or Web sites — so you can catch that concert on TV while your friend is listening to it on his car radio.
WORD FAMILY
simultaneous: simultaneity, simultaneously, simultaneousness+/simultaneity: simultaneities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That’s the shape that people are talking about. Maximum coordination. Maximum simultaneous activity.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Each narrative is a contrast to the others, with the simultaneous lives of Archibald explored chapter by chapter.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
They asked a group of human resources professionals to engage in the type of simultaneous planning they did habitually.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Back: adj. 同时发生的，同时存在的; 同时的; 联立的
n. 同时译员
分布：同时发生的(63%)，同步的(37%)
→来自拉丁语 simul,同一时间，词源同 same,simulate,-taneous,形容词后缀，衍生自 spontaneous. 引申词义同时的，同步的。
同时发生的(simult+相同+aneous→[时间]相同的)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
同时发生的[-aneous表形容词"…有;...特征的"]
a.同时的,同时存在的The nitrogen atoms combine instantaneously, simultaneously and spontaneously.氮原子瞬间同时自动化合.
【记】simult与此同时
US [ˌsaɪ.məl-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■happening or being done at exactly the same time 同时的
• There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities. 几起爆炸同时在不同的城市发生。
adj. 同时的；联立的；同时发生的
 - synchronous, coinstantaneous

Word: tabloid
Front: tabloid
[ˈtæblɔɪd] (8716/10190 -2)
Vocabulary: tabloid
(once / 2709 pages)
n
A tabloid is a newspaper, especially one that's smaller than a traditional daily paper and focuses on sensational news items. If you're lucky, you might read some juicy tabloid headlines when you pass the corner newsstand.
A tabloid is more likely to print celebrity gossip or crime stories with large photographs than news about international issues or the economy, especially on the front page. Tabloids aren't taken entirely seriously as journalism, although they are very popular and tend to sell well. The word tabloid originally meant "small tablet of medicine" in the 1880's. By 1900, it also meant "a compressed form of anything," including journalism.
WORD FAMILY
tabloid: tabloids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still another tabloid doctored photographs to suggest Mr. Gülen is a Roman Catholic prelate.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He fashioned himself into a regular in the gossip pages, playing the city’s tabloids off each other as he promoted his personal brand.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I don’t want to relate the tabloid stories of his drug abuse, car crashes, jail term, rehab stints, and illnesses.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小报，通俗小报; 药片; 文摘; 小型画报
adj. 摘要的，缩编的; 小报式的; 轰动性的; 扼要的
分布：小报(91%)，小型画报(3%)，扼要的(3%)，药片(3%)
→来自 tablet,药片，-oid,类。比喻用法，即像小药片一样包含各种原料的，后用于指通俗小报， 八卦报纸，缩写于 tabloid journalism.
adjective noun countable
 ADVANCED
■(of or relating to) a type of popular newspaper with small pages which has many pictures and short simple reports 通俗小报（的）
• the tabloid press 通俗小报界
• a tabloid newspaper 通俗小报
n. 小报；药片；文摘；小型画报
 - troche, abridgment
adj. 小报式的；缩略的；轰动性的；扼要的
 - summary, abbreviative

Word: Baptist
Front: Baptist
['bæptɪst] (7211/12542)
Back: n. 浸信会教友；施洗者约翰，施洗者
分布：施洗者(34%)，施洗者约翰(33%)，浸信会教友(33%)
noun countable
■a member of a Christian group that believes that baptism should not happen until a person is old enough to ask for it and to understand its meaning 浸信会教友

Word: nonexistent
Front: nonexistent
[ˌnɒnɪg'zɪstənt] (8711/33175)
Vocabulary: nonexistent
(once / 6355 pages)
adj
Something that's nonexistent doesn't really exist. When your cat hisses at her reflection in the mirror, she's attacking a nonexistent enemy.
The adjective nonexistent describes something that's not real. Your nonexistent problems are only in your imagination, for example, and you may pretend to answer a nonexistent phone call to avoid an awkward conversation with an acquaintance at the post office. The word existent is at the heart of nonexistent, with its root of existence. They all come from the Latin word exsistere, "to come into being, to appear, or to be."
WORD FAMILY
nonexistent: nonexistence+/ coexist: coexisted, coexistent, coexisting, coexists/coexistence: coexistences/coexistent: coexistence, coexistently/ exist: coexist, existed, existent, existing, exists, preexist/ existence: existences, existential /existent: existence, existently, nonexistent, pre-existent/ existential: existentialism, existentially/ existentialism: existentialist/existentialist: existentialists/ existing: pre-existing/nonexistence: nonexistences/preexist: preexisted, preexistence, preexistent, preexisting, preexists/preexistence: preexistences
USAGE EXAMPLES
And interim Dallas Police Association president Frederick Frazier said that morale is “almost nonexistent.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
With airstrikes hitting power plants, electricity is scarce or nonexistent.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The running game was largely nonexistent, and that’s a long-term worry, especially if the injury to Thomas Rawls is serious.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不存在的
分布：不存在的(100%)
不存在的(non+existent存在的)[non-表示"不,非"]
ADJ
不存在的
If you say that something is non-existent, you mean that it does not exist when you feel that it should.
例：Hygiene was non-existent: no running water, no bathroom...卫生根本谈不上：没有自来水、没有卫生间。
例：You'll take everything you're offered yet your own generosity is virtually non-existent.你倒是来者不拒，照单全收，可你自己实际上却一毛不拔。
adj. 不存在的
 - inexistent, beingless

Word: fulfillment
Front: fulfillment
[fʊl'fɪlmənt] (8717/38486)
Vocabulary: fulfillment
(once / 2631 pages)
n
Fulfillment is a feeling of happiness and satisfaction. It's also the completion of something, like the fulfillment of a promise.
This word has two related meanings. In terms of emotions, fulfillment is a happy, contented feeling. Many people feel fulfillment from being a parent, having a great job, or graduating from school. People often feel fulfillment when something is completed, whether it's a goal or a dream or repair work that you've been waiting on. Which leads to the other meaning of fulfillment — the act of finishing or doing something that was promised.
WORD FAMILY
fulfillment: fulfillments, self-fulfillment+/ fulfill: fulfilled, fulfilling, fulfillment, fulfills/fulfilled: unfulfilled
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amazon.com says its new fulfillment center in Kent was one of the highest performing across the company’s far-flung operations during the holiday shopping rush.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
From an “airborne fulfillment center” hovering near the stadium, Amazon would dispatch a drone with your purchase.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
She also found some fulfillment that refuge of the aging performer, doing cartoon voiceovers for movie and television.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 完成; 实现; 满足（感）; 实施过程
分布：满足(45%)，完成(30%)，履行(25%)
n. 履行；实行
 - implementation, execution

Word: antiquity
Front: antiquity
[ænˈtɪkwəti] (托宝 8706/8064 -1)
Vocabulary: antiquity
(once / 378 pages)
n
If you find an antiquity, call a museum: you just found something very old. Antiquity can also mean the idea of oldness.
The word antique should be a clue to the meaning of this word, which refers to things that are extremely old or ancient. This isn't grandparent old — this is really old, like hundreds or even thousands of years old. People also use this word to compare old ways of doing things to new ways: you could say an old-fashioned idea is an antiquity that goes against modernity (newer ideas and ways of doing things). Antiquity can also mean the time before the Middle Ages.
WORD FAMILY
antiquity: antiquities+/antiquate: antiquated, antiquates, antiquating/ antique: antiquate, antiqued, antiquely, antiques, antiquing, antiquity
USAGE EXAMPLES
But many of those areas didn’t hold the high-value artifacts prized by collectors, fueling a rise in an industry of counterfeit antiquities.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
So far, she is the only Iraqi antiquities official to visit.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He used powers Congress duly designated to the White House under the Antiquities Act.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 古老，古代; 古迹，古物; 古人; 古代的风俗习惯
分布：古代(83%)，古迹(11%)，古物(6%)
古旧,古代(antique古代的+ity)[anci,antiq=old,表示"古老"]
US [-wə.tˌi] noun
uncountable
■the distant past (= a long time ago) , especially before the sixth century （尤指六世纪以前的）古代
• Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity. 自古以来，大麻就一直用于治病。
• Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical antiquity. 在创作这件雕塑之前，她研究了所有古希腊和古罗马时代的雕塑杰作。
countable
■something of great age 古物；古董；古迹
• Under Greek law, all antiquities that are discovered in Greece belong to the government. 根据希腊法律，在希腊发现的所有古物均归政府所有。
n. 高龄；古物；古代的遗物
 - eld, advanced age

Word: attacker
Front: attacker
[əˈtækə(r)] (8701/6197 -2)
Back: n. 攻击者; 进攻者; 抨击者; （球类比赛的）攻击手
分布：攻击者(99%)，抨击者(1%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who uses violence to hurt someone 袭击者；攻击者
• The police think she must have known her attacker. 警方认为她肯定认识袭击她的人。
n. 攻击者；进攻者
 - offensiver, assailant

Word: nestle
Front: nestle
[ˈnesl] (宝 8710/11921 -1)
Vocabulary: nestle
(once / 967 pages)
vn
To nestle into something is to get snug, comfy, and warm in it. You might nestle into your mother’s shoulder, or into a pile of blankets on the couch.
People must think that birds live comfortable lives, because they describe really cozy, safe, and comfortable places as nests: places to nestle into. And it’s not just people and birds that nestle. A cottage might be nestled into the crook of a hill, or a mouse nestled into a pile of wood shavings.
WORD FAMILY
nestle: nestled, nestles, nestling +/ nestling: nestlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This time, it opted instead to refurbish and expand its modernist campus, nestling the congregation’s future in the architecture of its past.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
But Mr. Schneider lacks experience dealing with food and beverages, still Nestlé’s biggest businesses.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
One business that is regarded as a relative success story in this area is the food giant Nestle.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 安居，舒适地居住; 偎依，贴靠; 半隐半现地处于; [古语] 筑巢
vt. 满意地依偎或紧贴; 抱，放; 安置
时态：nestled, nestling, nestles
分布：依偎(100%)
→来自nest,鸟巢。比喻用法。
【记】nest鸟窝，le一在nest里面－舒适的安顿
【参】nestling（n 未离巢的雏鸟；婴儿）
verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to rest yourself or part of your body in a warm, comfortable and protected position （使）安卧；（使）依偎
• She nestled (her head) against his shoulder. 她（把头）靠在他肩膀上。
■to be in, or put something in, a protected or sheltered position, with bigger things around it （使）位于，（使）坐落于（安全或隐蔽之处）
• Bregenz is a pretty Austrian town that nestles between the Alps and Lake Constance. 布雷根茨是奥地利的一座美丽城镇，坐落于阿尔卑斯山和康斯坦茨湖之间。
vi. 舒适地坐定；偎依；半隐半现地处于
 - cuddle
vt. 抱；安置
 - establish, put, station, bed, plant

Word: glimpse
Front: glimpse
[glɪmps] (研四六托雅宝 4555/5348 -2)
Vocabulary: glimpse
(once / 234 pages)
nv
If you had a brief or incomplete look at something, you had a glimpse. "He didn't mean to peek, but he got a glimpse of his birthday present when his wife tried to sneak it into the house. Of course, it's pretty hard to hide a ladder."
You can use glimpse as a noun (like when you "catch a glimpse of someone") or as a verb (like when you "glimpse in someone's direction"). Although the word glimpse is usually used to describe the physical act of sneaking a peek at something, you can also use the noun glimpse to indicate a vague idea or suggestion. Perhaps, you can have a glimpse into your future by observing your parents' actions or by consulting a Tarot card reader.
WORD FAMILY
glimpse: glimpsed, glimpses, glimpsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It wowed the Staples Center crowd and offered a glimpse of Ingram’s potential.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But this is a revealing glimpse into the way security forces are operating in Rakhine.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
From page to page, this beloved woman is glimpsed only partially.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 一瞥，一看; （古语）闪光; 隐约的闪现; 模糊的感觉
vi. 瞥见
时态：glimpsed, glimpsing, glimpses
分布：瞥见(56%)，一瞥(39%)，一闪(2%)，略微(2%)，隐约感觉(1%)
→词源同gleam, glimmer, 微光，闪烁。引申义一瞥，瞥见。
n./v.一瞥,瞥见I caught a glimpse of our new neighbor.我们的新邻居我只看过一眼.
verb transitive
■to see something or someone for a very short time or only partly 看一看；瞥见
• We glimpsed the ruined abbey from the windows of the train. 透过火车车窗，我们瞥见了修道院的废墟。
[glɪmps] noun countable
■when you see something or someone for a very short time 一瞥；一见
• I only caught (= had) a fleeting glimpse of the driver of the getaway car, but I doubt I would recognize her if I saw her again. 我只是在刹那间瞥见了开车逃跑的司机，但不肯定再看见她还能不能认出来。
■a quick idea or understanding of what something is like 短暂的感受（或领会）
• This biography offers a few glimpses of his life before he became famous. 这部传记展示了他成名前的一些生活情况。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
n. 一瞥，一看
 - glance, dekko
vi. 瞥见
 - catch sight of
vt. 瞥见
 - catch sight of

Word: veer
Front: veer
[vɪə(r)] (托宝 8715/11480 -1)
Vocabulary: veer
(once / 1804 pages)
v
To veer is to make a sudden turn, like when a driver veers off the pavement or a pleasant conversation veers off in a troubling direction.
When you make any quick change of direction you veer. You can veer toward an attractive person at a party, leaving your friends mid-sentence. You veer away from an oncoming truck on the highway to avoid getting crushed. Originally, veer described a change in the direction of the wind, but as you can see, today, anyone or anything that changes direction veers.
WORD FAMILY
veer: veered, veering, veers+/veering: veerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once Midnight Storm motored ahead, he never was passed, though Dalmore appeared to draw even as they veered into the stretch.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He veered to the baseline while Porter ran to the rim, and what happened next sent fans to their feet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Seventeen people were hurt when a coach veered off a motorway slip road and overturned while driving in heavy fog.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. （尤指交通工具）改变方向或路线; （指谈话内容、人的行为或观点）突然改变; （指风）（在北半球按顺时针方向、在南半球按逆时针方向）逐渐转向; 风向顺时针转
vt. 使改变方向; （从…）突然改变方向; 使顺风; （谈话、行为或思想）离开主题（或常轨等）
n. （方向、位置的）改变
时态：veered, veering, veers
分布：转向(61%)，改变(39%)
→来自wer,弯，转，词源同versus,toward.
【记】ve表示胜利，er人：胜利的人的人生将为之改变方向。
【反】maintain constant（保持恒定）
US [vɪr] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to change direction 改变方向；转向
• All of a sudden, the car veered off the road. 突然那辆车改变方向冲出了公路。
• Moments before crashing, the jet was seen veering sharply to the right. 坠机之前的一瞬间，有人看见那架喷气式飞机猛地转向右方。
• Three men were feared dead last night after a helicopter veered off course into an oil platform. 昨晚一架直升机偏离航线撞上了石油钻井平台，恐怕有三人因此死亡。
• Our talk soon veered onto the subject of football. 我们的谈话很快就转到了足球上。
vi. 转向；改变观点；风向顺时针转；调转船尾向上风
 - swing, turn towards
vt. 使转向；使顺风；使船尾向上风
 - deflect
n. 转向；方向的转变
 - turning, obversion

Word: downside
Front: downside
[ˈdaʊnsaɪd] (8709/20493 -1)
Back: n. 下降趋势; 负面，消极面
adj. 下降趋势的
分布：负面(86%)，消极面(14%)
noun only singular
■the disadvantage of a situation 不利的一面，不利因素
• The downside of living here, of course, is that it is expensive. 在这里生活的不利因素当然就是生活费用很高。
• Unemployment, inflation and greater inequality are often the downside of a market economy. 失业、通货膨胀和不平等的加剧常常是市场经济的劣势。
Compare upside

Word: utter
Front: utter
[ˈʌtə(r)] (研四六托宝 6873/6129 -2)
Vocabulary: utter
(once / 45 pages)
1adj 2v 3v
The adjective utter is often used as an intensifier to mean "total" — often with negative connotations (like "utter failure"). As a verb, the word has a totally unrelated meaning: to speak or to articulate a sound.
If you utter something, you give it voice. You could utter a cry or utter complete sentences; either way, you are expressing yourself. However, if you declare someone an utter moron, you are saying he is a complete and total moron; not that he is a moron expressing himself. Don't confuse the spelling of utter with udder — the latter is the part of the cow that you milk.
WORD FAMILY
utter: utterable, utterance, uttered, utterer, utterest, uttering, utterly, uttermost, utterness, utters+/unutterable: unutterablest, unutterably/utterable: unutterable, utterably/ utterance: utterances/uttered: unuttered/utterer: utterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The chaebol all wrote checks, prosecutors say, usually after Mr. Ahn uttered the magic words: “The president is interested in this.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
By design, Kai utters that hello once every seventeen times.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
David Bowie and Prince were fed up with our national hissy fit, our utter lack of cool.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 发出声音; 说，讲; 出版（书籍）等; [法]流通使用
adj. 彻底的，完全的，绝对的
时态：uttered, uttering, utters
分布：说(55%)，发出(14%)，完全的(13%)，绝对的(8%)，表达(5%)，全然的(5%)
→来自out的古英语书写形式比较级，更外面的，完全的，绝对的，同时由形容词作动词使用，说出，发出声音。
a.彻底的,完全的v.说,发出(声音)The button utters in mutter, "The butterfly likes the buttered earthnut/peanut."按钮咕哝着发出声音说:"蝴蝶喜欢涂了奶油的花生."
【记】源于：outer，说出的
【反】partial（adj 部分的）；jest（n 笑话）－solemn utterance（严肃的话）；circumlocution（n 婉转曲折的陈述）－pithy utterance（精练的陈述）/utter concisely（简明的说）/straightforward utter（坦率的说）
US ['ʌ.tˌɚ] verb transitive slightly formal
■to say something or to make a sound with your voice 说；讲；出声
• She sat through the whole meeting without uttering a word. 整个会议期间她干坐着，一言不发。
UK ['ʌt.ər] US ['ʌ.tˌɚ] adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■complete or extreme 完全的；十足的；极度的
• utter confusion/misery/chaos 极度的困惑／不幸／混乱
• utter nonsense/rubbish/drivel 一派胡言
• The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time. 这个会议完全是浪费时间。
• Lying back in the hot bath was utter bliss. 泡热水澡真是神仙般的享受。
state, speak, say, tell, utter, talk
这组词都有“说、讲”的意思，其区别是：
state: 较正式用词，通常指用明确的语言或文字着重地叙述事实，既强调内容又注重语气。
speak: 侧重于说话动作的本身，着重说话的能力而不在内容，可以是长篇大论的演讲，也可以是三言两语的交谈，甚至指简单的开口发声说话。
say: 最普通常用词，指用语言表达思想，着重所说的内容。
tell: 普通用词，指把某事告诉或讲述给某人听，口语或书面语均可用。
utter: 着重说话的行为，常指声音的使用，突出用噪子发声。
talk: 普通用词，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，和speak一样，着重说活动作而不侧重内容。
vt. 发出，表达；发射
 - release, put, voice, project, let go
adj. 完全的；彻底的；无条件的
 - thorough, full, complete, absolute, total

Word: Cuban
Front: Cuban
[ˈkju:bən] (托 4190/10679)
Back: n. 古巴人
adj. 古巴的；古巴人的
分布：古巴人(100%)
noun countable adjective
■Cuban 古巴人／古巴的

Word: automotive
Front: automotive
[ˌɔ:təˈməʊtɪv] (托 8714/21304 -1)
Vocabulary: automotive
(once / 4278 pages)
adj
Anything automotive has to do with automobiles — in other words, cars. The automotive industry, for example, is all about making and selling cars. If the windshield wipers fall off your car, get new ones at an automotive store.
The word automotive comes from the Greek auto for “self” and motive for “moving," which makes sense for what the word may have meant in the late 1800s — a self-propelled helicopter-like machine for one person. Don’t bother looking for one of those, though, automotive now just refers to car stuff. If you're interested in automotive technology, you might become a mechanic. Or maybe you could figure out how to make one of those little helicopters.
WORD FAMILY
automotive: automotively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Back in 2014 when everybody was just talking about automotive, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, they were very busy reshaping their product areas.”
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Naturally, with all that power, unlike today’s energy-efficient hybrids, these cars are among the greatest gas guzzlers in automotive history.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“I call it ‘truck-itis,’” said Mr. Spell, the former automotive editor for The Houston Chronicle.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 自动的; 汽车的
分布：汽车的(88%)，自驱推进的(6%)，机动的(6%)
US [ˌɑ:.tˌə'moʊ.tˌɪv] adjective [before noun]
■relating to road vehicles 汽车的；机动车辆的
• the automotive industry 汽车工业
• automotive manufacturing/engineers 汽车制造／工程师
adj. [车辆] 汽车的；自动的
 - motor, self-acting

Word: amazingly
Front: amazingly
[ə'meɪzɪŋlɪ] (8727/9626)
Back: adv. 令人惊奇地
分布：惊奇地(67%)，惊人地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人称奇的；惊人的
You say that something is amazing when it is very surprising and makes you feel pleasure, approval, or wonder.
例：It's amazing what we can remember with a little prompting...稍加提醒我们就能想起很多东西，真是让人惊奇。
例：This movie has some of the most amazing stunts you're ever likely to see.这部电影里有一些可能是你见所未见、让人惊叹的特技。
adv. 令人惊讶地；惊奇地
 - astonishingly, marvelously

Word: shred
Front: shred
[ʃred] (托雅宝 8713/11812 -2)
Back: n. 碎片; 破布; 少量
vt. & vi. 撕碎，切碎; 用撕毁机撕毁（文件）
时态：shredded, shredding, shreds
分布：撕成碎片(46%)，细片(18%)，少许(18%)，碎布条(18%)
→来自古英语 screadian,切碎，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrauth,切，劈，来自 sker,切，劈，词 源同 shear,share,shard.
noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
only singular
■a very small amount of something 极少量，微量
• There's still a shred of hope that a peace agreement can be reached. 达成和平协议仍存有一丝希望。
• There isn't a shred of evidence to support her accusation. 关于她的指控没有丝毫证据可以支援。
[ʃred] noun
CUT 切
countable usually plural
■a very small thin piece that has been torn from something 细条，碎片
• Cut the radishes into shreds to garnish the plates 将樱桃萝卜切成丝来装饰碟子。
in shreds
■very badly torn 破碎的
• My shirt was in shreds when I took it out of the washer. 我把内衣从洗衣机里拿出来时，它已经变成了碎布条。
■badly damaged 严重受损的
• The report has left the prison governor's reputation in shreds. 该报告严重损害了监狱长的名誉。
[ʃred] noun
tear/rip sb/sth to shreds
■to strongly criticize a person or something they do, think or say 猛烈抨击，将…批得体无完肤
• The critics tore his performance to shreds. 评论家把他的表演批得体无完肤。
■to damage someone or something badly 严重伤害；严重损坏
• My trousers were torn to shreds when I fell off my bike. 我从脚踏车上摔了下来，裤子破了好几个洞。
[ʃred] verb transitive (-dd-)
■to cut or tear something roughly into thin strips 把…切（或撕）成细条；切碎；撕碎
• Shred the lettuce and arrange it around the edge of the dish. 将莴苣切成丝，摆在盘子边缘。
• shredded carrot/paper 切成丝的胡萝卜／切碎的纸
■to destroy a document by tearing it into strips, especially in a machine 粉碎销毁（文件）
• He ordered his secretary to shred important documents when government inspectors started investigating his business affairs. 政府调查员开始调查他公司的业务时，他命令秘书将重要文件粉碎销毁。
n. 碎片；少量剩余；最少量；破布
 - debris, chip
vi. 撕碎
 - rip up, tear to pieces

Word: gunfire
Front: gunfire
[ˈgʌnfaɪə(r)] (8724/14888 -1)
Back: n. 炮火; 枪炮声，炮火声; [军]号炮
分布：炮火(81%)，炮火声(15%)，炮轰声(4%)
US [-faɪr] noun uncountable
■the usually repeated shooting of one or more guns （连续不断的）炮火
• The sound of gunfire echoed into the night. 隆隆的炮火声在夜空中回荡。
n. [军] 炮火；炮火声
 - fire, shellfire

Word: refreshing
Front: refreshing
[rɪˈfreʃɪŋ] (托雅 8722/9492 -2)
Vocabulary: refreshing
(once / 826 pages)
adj
Something is refreshing if it reinvigorates you, or seems new and exciting. The offer of a refreshing glass of iced tea would be especially refreshing if it came from your normally cranky sister.
Mint toothpaste is refreshing — clean and brisk — and a cool ocean breeze is refreshing on a hot day. If you're used to seeing wilted salads and pale lasagna in your school cafeteria every day, a refreshing change would be a taco bar or homemade pizza. Refreshing comes from the verb refresh, which has a Germanic root similar to frisc, "fresh" in Old High German.
WORD FAMILY
refreshing: refreshingly+/refresh: refreshed, refresher, refreshes, refreshful, refreshing, refreshment/refreshed: unrefreshed/refresher: refreshers/refreshful: refreshfully/refreshment: refreshments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe it’s the refreshing lack of jargon, either medical or spiritual.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This pita pocket is so refreshing because it’s not masquerading as some kind of meat substitute.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
All-American linebacker Reuben Foster noted how Saban’s brutal honesty, such as telling recruits they might not get the chance to play, was refreshing.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人精神焕发的; 提神的; 使人耳目一新的
v. 使恢复，使振作(refresh的现在分词)
分布：提神的(71%)，与众不同的(13%)，新鲜宜人的(10%)，动词refresh的现在分词形式.(6%)
adjective
■making you feel less hot or tired 使人凉爽的；消除疲劳的；提神的
• There's nothing more refreshing on a hot day than a cold beer. 炎热的天气里，没有比喝杯冰镇啤酒更令人感到凉爽的了。
■pleasantly different and interesting 令人耳目一新的；别具一格的
• It's a refreshing change to see a losing team shaking hands and still smiling after a match. 看到输球的球队队员依然面带微笑跟对手握手，真是令人觉得与众不同。
adj. 提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的
 - life-giving

Word: nuisance
Front: nuisance
[ˈnju:sns] (研四六雅 8738/5300 -1)
Vocabulary: nuisance
(once / 1144 pages)
n
Whether it’s a mosquito or your little brother pestering you about the laundry, you can use the word nuisance to describe something that causes small annoyances.
The noun nuisance traces back to the Latin word nocere, meaning “to harm.” Nuisance originally was used to refer to things that could produce serious injury and harm, but over time the word lost some of its capacity for destruction. Nowadays you’ll hear nuisance used to describe things or people that cause small problems or that bother you in annoying but trivial ways.
WORD FAMILY
nuisance: nuisances
USAGE EXAMPLES
But district officials said trapping one nuisance coyote may not solve the problem because other coyotes may still be attracted to the area.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our media are being disregarded as facts are viewed as a nuisance to ignore.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Q. Attractive nuisance: My husband and I live in a small, tight-knit development full of families with young kids.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 讨厌的东西（人，行为）麻烦事; 非法妨害，损害; 麻烦事
分布：讨厌的东西(56%)，讨厌的人(32%)，伤害(12%)
→来自古法语nuisance,伤害，损伤，来自拉丁语nocere,去伤害，谋害，词源同necro-,noxious,innocent.后词义弱化，用来指妨害行为，讨厌的人。
n.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事What a nuisance, the suit is ruined due to the unsuitable style.真糟,这套服装由于款式不合适而毁了.
US ['nu:-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■something or someone that annoys you or causes trouble for you 恼人的事物（或人）；麻烦的事物（或人）
• I've forgotten my umbrella - what a nuisance! 我忘了带伞——真讨厌！
• [+ -ing verb] It 's such a nuisance having to rewrite those letters. 还要重写那些信，真是烦人。
• I hate to be a nuisance, but could you help me? 我不想给你添麻烦，但你能帮个忙吗？
• Local residents claimed that the noise was causing a public nuisance. 当地居民称这种噪音妨害了公共利益。
make a nuisance of yourself
■to cause trouble or to annoy other people 造成麻烦；惹人讨厌
n. 讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；讨厌的东西
 - injury, harm, damage

Word: ailment
Front: ailment
[ˈeɪlmənt] (托宝 8723/11277 -1)
Vocabulary: ailment
(once / 1438 pages)
n
If you've got a rash or a persistent cough, you can call that an ailment. Some other common ailments are allergies or chronic headaches. They can be a real pain. Literally.
The word ailment comes from the Old English eglan meaning "to trouble, plague, afflict," and the suffix -ment from the Latin mentum, which when added to the end of word describing an action turns that word into the result of that action. So the result of something that troubles, plagues or afflicts you is an ailment — a pain or discomfort that just doesn't seem to go away.
WORD FAMILY
ailment: ailments+/ ail: ailed, ailing, ailment, ails
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spurning the American tendency to treat every ailment with medication, he instead explored the body’s ability to heal itself.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For the Jets, wide receiver Brandon Marshall is inactive after being questionable with hip and shoulder ailments.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He died of cancer and other ailments, his daughter said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 疾病（尤指微恙）; 不安
分布：疾病(84%)，小病(16%)
→ail,生病的，-ment,名词后缀。
【记】ail读：哎哟，得了小病的呻吟声
noun countable
■an illness 小病，微恙
• Treat minor ailments yourself. 一点儿小毛病可以自己治。
n. 小病；不安
 - tension, unrest

Word: tier
Front: tier
[tɪə(r)] (8726/7616 -1)
Vocabulary: tier
(once / 1239 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A tier is a level or a layer. If you sit in the top tier of seats at a concert, you can see the whole stage and most of the audience — but you probably have to climb lots of stairs.
A tier can describe a layer of ruffles on a dress, a section of seats in a stadium, or one layer of a fancy cake. You could also talk about a tier in terms of value or position. For example, the most popular, well-known actors might be considered part of the top tier, getting all the best parts. Tier originated from the Old French word tire: rank, sequence, or order.
WORD FAMILY
tier: tiers+/retie: retied, reties, retying/ tie: retie, tied, tier, ties, tying, untie/tying: tyings/untie: untied, untier, unties, untying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first of four state-regulated casinos planned for upstate opened in December in the state’s Southern Tier.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rangers scrambled back up the four-division league pyramid to the top tier this season.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The top tier is the Ultimate Fighting Championship – generally called the UFC – and it’s a business worth several billion pounds.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 等级; 阶梯座位等的一排，一行，一层; 包扎工
vt. 层层排列，使层叠
vi. 成递升排列，层叠
分布：层(76%)，行(16%)，等级(4%)，排(4%)
US [tɪr] noun countable
■one of several layers or levels （多层、多层次中的）一层
• We sat in one of the upper tiers of the football stands. 我们坐在足球场看台的上层位置。
• My wedding cake had four tiers, each supported by small pillars. 我的结婚蛋糕有四层，每层都由小柱子撑着。
• I don't understand why you think we need yet another tier of management. 我不明白你为甚么认为我们还需要一个管理层级。
UK [tɪər] US [tɪr] verb transitive often passive
■to arrange or organise something in tiers 层叠；层层排列
• The seats in the theatre were steeply tiered. 剧院的座位呈陡直的阶梯状排列。
n. 层，排；行，列；等级
 - thickness, hong, layer, column, degree, classification

Word: heater
Front: heater
[ˈhi:tə(r)] (六雅 8719/6686 -1)
Back: n. 加热器，炉子; 加热的人; <美俚>手枪; <美俚>雪茄烟
分布：加热器(94%)，火炉(4%)，加热之人(2%)
加热器(heat加热)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a device which produces heat 加热器；暖气机（暖炉）
• a gas/electric heater 煤气炉／电加热器
n. [建] 加热器；加热工
 - warmer, heating appliance

Word: upgrade
Front: upgrade
[ˌʌpˈgreɪd] (研六托宝 5927/6186 -2)
Back: n. 向上的斜坡
vt. 提升; 使（机器、计算机系统等）升级; 提高（设施、服务等的）档次; 提高（飞机乘客、旅馆住客等）的待遇
时态：upgraded, upgrading, upgrades
分布：升级(85%)，提高(10%)，改善(3%)，上坡(1%)，向上地(1%)
上升,升级(up向上+grade→向上升级)[grad=step,grade,表示"步,级"]
升级;上升(up+grade等级→升级)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
v.提升,使升级The degraded undergraduate upgraded the underlying virus program.被降职的大学生升级基础的病毒计划.
verb transitive /ʌpˈgreɪd/
 ADVANCED
■to improve the quality or usefulness of something, such as a machine or a computer program, or give a person a more important job or state that their job is more important than it was in the past 使（机器、电脑程式等）升级；提升，提拔（某人）
• It's quite simple to upgrade the indexing software. 升级索引软体很简单。
• Congratulations, I hear you've been upgraded to divisional manager. 祝贺你啊，听说你被提升为部门经理了。
Opposite downgrade
noun countable /ˈʌp.greɪd/
 ADVANCED
■a piece of software or equipment that improves the quality or usefulness of a computer or machine 能提高电脑、机器的品质或效能的软体或设备
• a hardware upgrade 硬体升级
• The upgrade to version 5.0 costs $395. 升级到5.0版本要花费395美元。
update, upgrade, upholder, upset
update: 更新；
upgrade: 升级，提升；
upholder: 抬高，举起，支持，鼓励，赞同，拥护；
upset: 推翻，颠覆，使不安
vt. [计] 使升级；提升；改良品种
 - promote, prefer
n. [计] 升级；上升；上坡
 - rise, raise, updates, ascension
adj. 向上的
 - upward, up

Word: reunite
Front: reunite
[ˌri:ju:ˈnaɪt] (8728/11738 -1)
Vocabulary: reunite
(once / 2132 pages)
v
To meet up with someone again, or to get back together, is to reunite. When your wandering cat comes home after a week-long adventure, you can happily reunite with her.
If a couple breaks up and then reconciles, they reunite. And when a large family — all of the aunts, uncles, cousins, and second cousins — has a reunion, they also reunite. Both reunion and reunite come from the Latin root unus, or "one," and the "again" prefix re-, so reunite means "make as one again."
WORD FAMILY
reunite: reunited, reunites, reuniting+/disunite: disunited, disunites, disuniting/disunited: disunitedly/disunity: disunities/ unite: disunite, reunite, united, unites, uniting, unity / united: unitedly/uniting: unitings/ unity: disunity, unities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But they’ve yet to channel that tangibly since they were reunited three games ago.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Work it like he did, returning to college and earning his degree, reuniting with his daughter, and returning to football to coach.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“She was reunited with her family,” Avila told the Daily Beast.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 再次联合; 使重聚; 使再结合
vi. 重聚; 再结合; 再联合
时态：reunited, reuniting, reunites
分布：重聚(62%)，再结合(29%)，再统一(9%)
→re-,再，重新，unite,一体，联合。
verb transitive
■to bring together again 使重新结合；使再联合；使重聚
• to reunite a divided family/country/world 使离散的家庭重聚／统一分裂的国家／团结世界各国
• Sarah was finally reunited with her children at the airport. 莎拉最后终于在机场和她的孩子们再度团聚。
vi. 重聚；再结合；再联合
 - reassociate

Word: fugitive
Front: fugitive
[ˈfju:dʒətɪv] (8729/14299 -1)
Vocabulary: fugitive
(once / 382 pages)
nadj
Someone who flees or runs away from the police to avoid capture is a fugitive. "Authorities were looking for three men who escaped from prison today. Authorities believe the three fugitives may be disguised as nuns and advise the public to be careful."
Although a fugitive can specifically be someone fleeing from the police, the noun can also refer to anyone who is fleeing from an untenable situation. "The family asked for asylum in the United States because they were fugitives from their own oppressive government." As an adjective, the word can mean "fleeing or fleeting." "Many people helped the fugitive slaves to safety." "At night, he was plagued with fugitive thoughts: they seemed important when he woke from sleep, but by morning he had forgotten them."
WORD FAMILY
fugitive: fugitively, fugitives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fugitive was fatally shot by a police officer in Italy.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
A SIM card found on the fugitive after he was shot led authorities to the Netherlands.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Marshals task force captured Stevens and the El Paso County Sheriff’s Office is holding him as a fugitive.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 逃命者; 难捕捉之物
adj. 逃亡的; 难以捉摸的; 短暂的
分布：逃亡者(51%)，逃亡的(36%)，难捕捉之物(7%)，难以捉摸的(3%)，易逝的(3%)
→来自拉丁语fuga, 逃跑，飞走，来自bheug, 逃跑，词源同refuge, centrifuge.
逃亡的n.逃亡者(fug+itive)[fug=flee,表示"逃,离开"]
逃亡的(fug逃跑)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
逃亡者(fug逃跑)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】fugi拼：伏击（逃亡的逃犯）；逃犯遇到fugi就会逃亡！
【参】fugacious（adj 短暂的；易逃逸的）；fugue（n 赋格曲；记忆丧失症）
US [-tˌɪv] noun countable
■a person who is running away or hiding from the police or a dangerous situation 逃亡者，逃犯；难民
• Thousands of fugitives are fleeing from the war-torn area. 数以千计的难民逃离被战争蹂躏的地方。
• Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were fugitives from justice (= they ran away to avoid being tried in court). 布奇‧凯西迪和日舞小子都是逃犯。
UK ['fju:.dʒɪ.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
TEMPORARY 暂时的 formal
■(especially of thoughts or feelings) lasting for only a short time; temporary （尤指想法或感觉）短暂的，暂时的
• a fugitive impression 短暂的印象
UK ['fju:.dʒɪ.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
PERSON 人
[before noun]
■relating to a fugitive 和逃亡者（难民）有关的
• Fugitive families who have fled the fighting in the cities are now trying to survive in the mountains. 那些逃离城市战火的家庭正设法在山区生存下来
adj. 逃亡的；无常的；易变的
 - uncertain, mobile, variable, liquid, unstable
n. 逃亡者；难捕捉之物
 - runagate, levanter

Word: recorded
Front: recorded
[ˌrɪ'kɔ:dɪd] (8732/6434)
Vocabulary: recorded
(once / 244 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something is recorded if it's been taped, filmed, or written down, like a recorded copy of your cousin's graduation. Yawn.
Things that have been taped on an audio device might include a recorded podcast or a recorded interview for your school's radio station. And unless it's a live event, the shows you watch on TV are recorded programs. When official notes are taken, they're recorded too: "This is the hottest summer in recorded history." The Latin root of recorded and the verb record is recordari, "remember by heart."
WORD FAMILY
recorded: unrecorded+/prerecord: prerecorded, prerecording/ record: prerecord, recorded, recorder, recording, records/ recorder: recorders/ recording: recordings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He recorded five receiving touchdowns as a true freshman.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The news report said the video clip was recorded by a police constable.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It was the sixth such incident recorded of this dangerous pest in the last six weeks at Port of Savannah.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: v. 记录，录音，拍摄( record的过去式和过去分词 ); 标明; 发表正式（或法律方面的）声明; 演奏音乐供录制
分布：录音的(50%)，动词record的过去式和过去分词.(25%)，已记录的(25%)
N-COUNT
（文字或影像）记录，记载
If you keep a record of something, you keep a written account or photographs of it so that it can be referred to later.
例：Keep a record of all the payments...所有付款都要作记录。
例：There's no record of any marriage or children...没有任何有关婚姻或子女的记载。
VERB
（用文字、照片或电脑）记录，记载
If you record a piece of information or an event, you write it down, photograph it, or put it into a computer so that in the future people can refer to it.
例：...software packages which record the details of your photographs.记录你的照片的各种细节的软件包
例：...a place which has rarely suffered a famine in its recorded history.在历史记载中很少发生饥荒的地方
VERB
（用磁带或胶片）记录，录制，记下
If you record something such as a speech or performance, you put it on tape or film so that it can be heard or seen again later.
例：There is nothing to stop viewers recording the films on videotape...没有什么办法可以阻止观众用录像机把电影录下来。
例：The call was answered by a recorded message saying the company had closed early.电话被转入录音信息，称公司早些时候已经下班。
VERB
录制（音乐、电视或广播节目）
If a musician or performer records a piece of music or a television or radio show, they perform it so that it can be put onto CD, tape, or film.
例：It took the musicians two and a half days to record their soundtrack for the film...乐师们花了两天半的时间为电影录制配乐。
例：She has recently recorded a programme for television.她最近录制了一档电视节目。
N-COUNT
（音乐）唱片
A record is a round, flat piece of black plastic on which sound, especially music, is stored, and which can be played on a record player. You can also refer to the music stored on this piece of plastic as a record.
例：This is one of my favourite records.这是我最喜欢的唱片之一。
例：...the biggest and best-known record company in England.英格兰最大、最知名的唱片公司
VERB
记录，表明（某种测量结果或数值）
If a dial or other measuring device records a certain measurement or value, it shows that measurement or value.
例：The test records the electrical activity of the brain...试验记录下了脑电活动。
例：The index of the performance of leading shares recorded a 16 per cent fall.龙头股指数录得16个百分点的跌幅。
N-COUNT
（体育运动或活动的）纪录，最好成绩
A record is the best result that has ever been achieved in a particular sport or activity, for example the fastest time, the furthest distance, or the greatest number of victories.
例：Roger Kingdom set the world record of 12.92 seconds...罗杰·金德姆创造了12.92秒的世界纪录。
例：The painting was sold for £665,000 — a record for the artist.这幅画卖了665,000英镑，是这个艺术家最贵的一幅了。
ADJ
创纪录的
You use record to say that something is higher, lower, better, or worse than has ever been achieved before.
例：Profits were at record levels...利润创下新高。
例：She won the race in record time.她以破纪录的成绩赢得了这场比赛。
N-COUNT
经历;履历
Someone's record is the facts that are known about their achievements or character.
例：His record reveals a tough streak...他的履历显示他性格强悍。
例：He had a distinguished record as a chaplain...作为一个牧师他成就卓著。
N-COUNT
案底;犯罪记录
If someone has a criminal record, it is officially known that they have committed crimes in the past.
例：...a heroin addict with a criminal record going back 15 years...15年前留有案底的海洛因瘾君子
例：Where the accused has a record of violence, they should always be kept in custody.要是被告有暴力犯罪记录，必须予以拘留。
PHRASE
供记录（表示将公开申明某事）
If you say that what you are going to say next is for the record, you mean that you are saying it publicly and officially and you want it to be written down and remembered.
例：We're willing to state for the record that it has enormous value.我们愿意郑重声明那是有极大价值的。
PHRASE
供记录在案；作为记录（备用）
If you give some information for the record, you give it in case people might find it useful at a later time, although it is not a very important part of what you are talking about.
例：For the record, most Moscow girls leave school at about 18...需要指出的是，多数莫斯科女孩18岁从学校毕业。
例：Perhaps you'd like to tell me what you were doing Monday. Just for the record.也许你不介意告诉我你周一在做些什么。只是顺便问问。
PHRASE
非正式的;不得发表的
If something that you say is off the record, you do not intend it to be considered as official, or published with your name attached to it.
例：May I speak off the record?...我可以私下说说吗，不要发表？
例：At the end of the lunch, I said I had some off-the-record comments.午餐快结束的时候，我说我有一些想私下谈的看法。
PHRASE
公开宣布的；记录在案的
If you are on record as saying something, you have said it publicly and officially and it has been written down.
例：The Chancellor is on record as saying that the increase in unemployment is 'a price worth paying' to keep inflation down.财政大臣公开宣称失业率上升是遏制通货膨胀“值得付出的代价”。
PHRASE
记录下来;记录在案
If you keep information on record, you write it down or store it in a computer so that it can be used later.
例：The practice is to keep on record any analysis of samples.习惯上要把所有的样品分析记录在案。
PHRASE
有记录的;有记载的
If something is the best, worst, or biggest on record, it is the best, worst, or biggest thing of its kind that has been noticed and written down.
例：It's the shortest election campaign on record...这是史上为期最短的一次竞选活动。
例：The 1980s were the hottest decade on record.20世纪80年代是有史以来最热的十年。
PHRASE
纠正记载；改正记录
If you set the record straight or put the record straight, you show that something which has been regarded as true is in fact not true.
例：Let me set the record straight on the misconceptions contained in your article.我来纠正一下你文章里的错误认识。
adj. 记录的
 - documentary
v. 记录；录音（record的过去分词）
 - reported

Word: intrusion
Front: intrusion
[ɪnˈtru:ʒn] (托 8731/7694 -1)
Vocabulary: intrusion
(once / 1288 pages)
1n 2n
An intrusion is a deliberate move into someone else's territory — either literal or figurative. When your sister interrupts your conversation with that girl from math class, that's an intrusion. If someone breaks into your home, that's also an intrusion.
First used in the late 14th century, the noun intrusion derives from the Latin word intrudere, which combines the prefix in-, meaning "in," and trudere, meaning "to thrust, push." If someone reads your diary, that's considered an intrusion of privacy. Ordering a Muslim woman to take off her veil would be considered an intrusion on religious beliefs. You may remember intrusion used in science class to describe molten rock that forms in an earlier rock formation.
WORD FAMILY
intrusion: intrusions+/ intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive / intruder: intruders/ intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The report provides clues for cybersecurity workers in the private sector to identify compromised systems and prevent more intrusions.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But former U.S. officials say the existing measures leave Washington plenty of room to slap new, tougher sanction on Russia in response to cyber intrusions.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
All three are being charged with multiple counts of securities fraud, insider trading, computer intrusion and other offenses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 闯入; 打扰; （对某事的）干扰; 干涉
分布：闯入(59%)，侵扰(41%)
→来自intrude,侵入，侵犯。
侵入;干涉(in+trus+ion)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone goes into a place or situation where they are not wanted or expected to be 闯入；侵入
• They complained about excessive government intrusion (= unwanted involvement) into their legitimate activities. 他们抱怨政府过多地侵扰他们的合法活动。
• His phone call was a welcome intrusion into an otherwise tedious morning. 他突然来电一点也不令人反感，假若没有这个电话，整个上午会很沉闷。
n. [地质] 侵入；闯入
 - penetration, effraction

Word: versatile
Front: versatile
[ˈvɜ:sətaɪl] (研六托雅宝 8734/8771 -2)
Vocabulary: versatile
(once / 1664 pages)
adj
To describe a person or thing that can adapt to do many things or serve many functions, consider the adjective versatile.
In E.B. White's classic children's book Charlotte's Web, Charlotte the spider tells Wilbur the pig that she is versatile. "What does 'versatile' mean — full of eggs?" Wilbur asks. "Certainly not," Charlotte replies. "'Versatile' means I can turn with ease from one thing to another." Charlotte knew her etymology, because the word reflects its Latin root, versatilis, "turning around; revolving." It eventually came to describe someone who is multi-talented: a singer-songwriter-actress-model would be a versatile figure in the entertainment world.
WORD FAMILY
versatile: versatilely, versatility +/ versatility: versatilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pittsburgh’s seven-game winning streak to end the regular season coincided with the versatile Bell’s emergence as one of the league’s most dynamic players.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It's now gloriously open and playable, at least until one reaches the putting surfaces, perhaps the finest set of green contours the versatile architect A.W.
Golf Digest(Dec 26, 2016)
And then Mark Mancina is just one of the most versatile composers.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （指工具、机器等）多用途的; 多才多艺的; 有多种学问、技能或职业的; 多功能的
分布：多才多艺的(45%)，通用的(32%)，多功能的(23%)
→来自拉丁语versus,转，翻转，来自wer,转，弯，词源versus,toward。引申词义反复的，精通的，多面手的。
多功能的;多才的(玩的转→有才能的)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
a.通用的;多才多艺的,多方面的On the anniversary the versatile poet wrote an adverse verse Virtue versus Evil.在周年纪念日上,多用途诗人写信告诉不利的句美德对邪恶.
【记】vers转，atile－玩得转－多才多艺的
【参】versed（adj 精通的）
【反】unchangeable（adj 不变的）；having limited applications（用途有限的）
US ['vɝ:.sə.tˌəl] approving
adjective
 ADVANCED
■able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes 多种用途的；万用的；多才多艺的
• He's a very versatile young actor who's as happy in horror films as he is in TV comedies. 他是一个非常多才多艺的年轻演员，无论是演恐怖片还是电视喜剧都一样得心应手。
• A leather jacket is a timeless and versatile garment that can be worn in all seasons. 皮夹克是一种永不过时、适合多种场合的衣服，可以在任何季节穿。
adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的
 - universal, current, utility

Word: caucus
Front: caucus
[ˈkɔ:kəs] (宝 8720/26098 -1)
Vocabulary: caucus
(once / 2007 pages)
vn
The noun caucus is a closed meeting of members from the same political party. The Iowa caucuses get a lot of attention during the presidential primary season.
Who knows how we got the noun caucus? One theory is that it comes from an Algonquin word that means an elder or leader of the tribe. Another theory is that the word comes from a social and political club in Boston in the 1700s that was perhaps named for the Greek word for drinking cup. However the word slipped into American English, today it refers to a closed political meeting, often used to choose party leaders.
WORD FAMILY
caucus: caucused, caucuses, caucusing, caucussing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She is declared the winner of the Iowa caucuses via a controversial and confusing process that, in some precincts, involves dodgeball.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But in December, the conservative House Freedom Caucus began compiling a list of more than 200 regulations it views as vulnerable to a disapproval vote.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But Trump’s questions about the primary process struck Priebus as unusually detailed and pointed: How did the Iowa caucuses work?
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 干部会议; 核心小组; 决策委员会; 秘密会议
vi. （参加）干部开会议; 召开（参加）核心会议
时态：caucused, caucusing, caucuses
分布：干部会议(59%)，政党高层会议(25%)，开干部会议(16%)
→可能来自北美印第安土著语，义为长者。
【记】读：口渴死。这种会议是秘密的，而且时间长，所以口渴不能出去喝水，终于口渴而死。
【区】cactus（n 仙人掌）读：开垦特色
US ['kɑ:-] noun countable
■(a meeting of) a small group of people in a political party or organization who have a lot of influence, or who have similar interests （政党或组织的）决策层（会议）；利益集团（会议）
■in the US, a meeting held to decide which candidate a political group will support in an election （美国政党集团挑选候选人的）决策会议

Word: whore
Front: whore
[hɔ:(r)] (8725/10687 -1)
Vocabulary: whore
(once / 2490 pages)
nv
In the original sense, a whore is a prostitute: someone who has sex for money. The word has since broadened to mean anyone who is money-hungry.
Whores traditionally whored their bodies out for money. But today a whore can be a person that compromises himself in any kind of way for monetary gain. It's also a nasty thing to call someone (especially a woman) who has a lot of sex and is often used as a vulgar insult similar to bitch. It's not really an appropriate word to call someone, including actual prostitutes.
WORD FAMILY
whore: whored, whoredom, whores, whoring+/whoredom: whoredoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A man on the street, tried to pull me away from my boyfriend and called me a ‘black whore’.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“Sons of whores I will really kill these idiots,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
So, there is a place for not just the whore, not just the madonna, but this kind of difficult woman.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 妓女，男妓; 性关系不道德的女子
vi. 卖淫，娼妓
时态：whored, whoring, whores
分布：妓女(84%)，不道德的人(8%)，嫖妓(8%)
→来自古英语hore,妓女，来自ka,爱，喜欢，渴望，词源同cherish,charity,caress,委婉语。比较urine.
US [hɔ:r] noun countable old-fashioned
■a female prostitute 妓女；娼妓
offensive
■a woman whose behaviour in her sexual relationships is considered immoral 妓女
vi. 卖淫，娼妓
 - prostitute oneself
n. 娼妓，淫妇
 - harlot, woman of the streets

Word: dizzy
Front: dizzy
[ˈdɪzi] (高研六托雅 8740/9951 -2)
Vocabulary: dizzy
(once / 803 pages)
adjv
When you're dizzy, you have a spinning or woozy sensation — you might even feel like you'l fall over. You'll probably feel dizzy for a while when you get off the whirling tea cup ride at the fair.
Some people feel dizzy when they're up high, either on a ladder or at the top of a tall building or bridge. Others only get dizzy when they're coming down with the flu or after riding on the merry-go-round at the park. Another way to be dizzy is to be silly or frivolous: "I can't take him seriously, he's just so dizzy all the time." Dizzy comes from the Old English dysig, "foolish or stupid."
WORD FAMILY
dizzy: dizzied, dizzier, dizzies, dizziest, dizzily, dizziness, dizzying, dizzyingly+/dizziness: dizzinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
One recent poll put them at dizzy heights of 14%.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Bayonne, a one-man band — not only in the studio but also live — who assembles dizzying pop songs that all segue together on his album, “Primitives.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Which works because the Rio Games were a whirl, a kaleidoscopic fortnight of sport that left everyone dizzy.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 头昏眼花的; 使人眩晕的，引起头晕的; 昏乱的; 愚蠢的
v. 使头晕眼花; 使发昏; 使昏乱; 使茫然
时态：dizzied, dizzying, dizzies
分布：晕眩的(45%)，使困惑(22%)，使晕眩(22%)，困惑的(11%)
→来自dheu, 尘土，烟雾，词源同dust,dull. 引申词义模糊的，眩晕的。
a.头晕目眩的,眩晕的;(可能)使人头晕的The dazzling light from the digital device dizzied me.来自数字化的设备的耀眼的光使我头昏.
adjective
FEELING 感觉
 ADVANCED
■feeling as if everything is turning round and being unable to balance and about to fall down 眩晕的，头晕目眩的
• Going without sleep for a long time makes me feel dizzy and light-headed. 长时间不睡觉让我觉得头晕目眩。
• I felt quite dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award. 我去领奖时激动得有些眩晕。
['dɪz.i] adjective
QUALITY 性质
[before noun]
■confusing and very fast 极快的；快得令人眩晕的
• Who could have predicted the dizzy pace of change in the country? 谁能料到这个国家会发生日新月异的变化？
■informal
■describes a person who is silly, especially a woman （尤指女人）傻乎乎的，蠢的
• In the film, she played the part of a dizzy blonde. 在那部电影里，她扮演了一位傻乎乎的金发女郎。
['dɪz.i] adjective
the dizzy heights of sth humorous
■a very important position 高位，要职
• Do you think Tess will reach the dizzy heights of Senior Editor before she's 30? 你觉得特丝在30岁前能当上高级编辑吗？
adj. 晕眩的；使人头晕的；昏乱的；心不在焉的；愚蠢的
 - swimming, foolish, stupid
vt. 使头晕眼花；使混乱；使茫然
 - cloud, confuse

Word: Lutheran
Front: Lutheran
['luːθərən] (8739/17209)
Back: adj. 路德教会的
n. 路德教会
分布：路德会教友(60%)，路德教会的(40%)
→来自16世纪德国宗教改革家Martin Luther.
US [-θɚ-] adjective
■of or relating to the part of Protestant Christianity that is based on the ideas of the German religious leader Martin Luther 路德教的
• the Lutheran church 路德宗教会

Word: unchanged
Front: unchanged
[ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd] (8737/5360 -2)
Back: adj. 未改变的，无变化的，依然如故的
分布：无变化的(100%)
adjective [usually after verb]
 ADVANCED
■staying the same 不变的，没有变化的
• The area has remained virtually unchanged in fifty years. 这个地区在50年里基本上没有甚么变化。
adj. 未改变的
 - unvaried, untouched

Word: rumble
Front: rumble
[ˈrʌmbl] (托宝 8741/11387 -1)
Vocabulary: rumble
(once / 690 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
Are you ready to rumble? To rumble is to throw down, or fight. If you hear a truck rumble down your street, don’t put up your dukes — to rumble also means to make a low, deep sound.
Thunder rumbles just before you see lightning flash, and dogs sometimes rumble a low warning growl when they see someone unfamiliar. As a noun, rumble can mean "a low sound," “a seat in the back of a carriage” (the rumble seat) or " a street fight." It's a little old fashioned today to call a gang brawl a rumble, but if you've ever seen the movie "West Side Story," you've seen the rumble between the Jets and the Sharks.
WORD FAMILY
rumble: rumbled, rumbles, rumbling+/rumbling: rumblingly, rumblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
While I meandered through my twenties, locked in my pseudo-bohemian stance, the remnants of that money rumbled along.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
At the same time, Solimini wrote down every time that he heard the loud rumble on the first floor of his house, five blocks away.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The “Fridge” captivated the football world when the 300-pounder rumbled for a Chicago touchdown against the Green Bay Packers on Monday Night Football in 1985.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 隆隆作响; （车辆）辘辘行驶
vt. 低沉地说; 在滚筒里磨光或混合（金属零件）; 看穿（阴谋）
n. 隆隆声，辘辘声; 抱怨声; 吵闹声，喧哗声; （旧式汽车车厢后的）折叠加座
时态：rumbled, rumbling, rumbles
分布：隆隆声(78%)，辘辘声(10%)，使辘辘响(6%)，发隆隆声(6%)
【记】象声词
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■to make a continuous low sound 发出隆隆声；发出辘辘声；发出低沉连续的响声
• Please excuse my stomach rumbling - I haven't eaten all day. 不好意思，我肚子在咕咕叫——我一整天都没吃东西了。
• The tanks rumbled (= moved slowly, making a continuous noise) across the battlefield. 坦克轰鸣着驶过战场。
['rʌm.bl] verb
DISCOVER 发现
transitive usually passive UK informal
■to discover the true facts about someone or something secret and often illegal 发现，察觉，看穿（某人的秘密或非法事情的真相）
• I'm afraid our little tax dodge has been rumbled. 恐怕我们逃税的小把戏被识破了。
['rʌm.bl] verb
FIGHT 打架
intransitive Australian informal
■to take part in a physical fight 打架；打群架
vt. 使隆隆响；低沉地说
 - drone
n. 隆隆声；抱怨声
 - thrump, brattle

Word: hired
Front: hired
[haɪrd] (8733/11533)
Back: v. 聘用( hire的过去式和过去分词 ); 录用; 雇用; 租用
分布：雇用的(64%)，租用的(18%)，动词hire的过去式和过去分词形式.(18%)
VERB
雇用
If you hire someone, you employ them or pay them to do a particular job for you.
例：Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organisers...有16名参赛者已经请了律师，正在起诉主办方。
例：The rest of the staff have been hired on short-term contracts...其余的工作人员签的是短期雇用合同。
VERB
（短期）租用
If you hire something, you pay money to the owner so that you can use it for a period of time.
例：To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence...租车须出示护照及有效驾照。
例：Her hired car was found abandoned at Beachy Head.她那辆租来的车被发现遗弃在比奇角。
N-UNCOUNT
租赁（业）;出租（业务）
You use hire to refer to the activity or business of hiring something.
例：They booked our hotel, and organised car hire...他们为我们订好了旅馆并安排了租车事宜。
例：Hire of skis, boots and clothing, is all available.滑雪板、滑雪靴和滑雪服皆有出租。
PHRASE
供出租;待租
If something is for hire, it is available for you to hire.
例：Fishing tackle is available for hire.有钓具可供出租。
v. 雇用（hire的过去式及过去分词形式）；租用
 - leased

Word: visualize
Front: visualize
[ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz] (六雅 8673/12013 -2)
Vocabulary: visualize
(once / 3999 pages)
v
To visualize something is to be able to see it in your mind. From the twitching in their feet, it seems that sleeping dogs often visualize a fenced-in area and about 30 squirrels.
Visualizing is a lot like imagining — both involve picturing something in your mind. But while imagine has the sense of wondering and exploring, when you visualize something, your hope is to make it real. Basketball players visualize themselves making a shot to help them sink the basketball in the hoop. Visualize yourself getting the job as you're going in to be interviewed and your chances for success will increase.
WORD FAMILY
visualize: visualization, visualized, visualizer, visualizes, visualizing+/ visual: nonvisual, visualise, visualize, visually/visualisation: visualisations/visualise: visualisation, visualised, visualiser, visualises, visualising/visualiser: visualisers/ visualization: visualizations/visualizer: visualizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Enter body scanners, which allow you to visualize your muscle gain and see, in three dimensions, how — and where — you are losing fat.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
If his players weren’t at practice, meals, or meetings, he wanted them resting, visualizing their assignments on the field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
His radio descriptions allow listeners to visualize every detail of every play.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 形成思维图像; 设想; 使可见
vi. 形成思维图像
时态：visualized, visualizing, visualizes
分布：形象化(52%)，设想(44%)，使 ... 看得见(4%)
使具体化(visual视力+ize→使[大家]看到→具体化)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
(UK usually visualise) ['vɪʒ.u.əl.aɪz] verb transitive
■to form a picture of someone or something in your mind, in order to imagine or remember them 使形象化；使能被看见
• I was so surprised when he turned up - I'd visualized someone much older. 他出现的时候我非常惊讶——我想像中他应该老得多。
vt. 形象，形象化；想像，设想
 - imagine, picture, think of

Word: battalion
Front: battalion
[bəˈtæliən] (宝 8735/7237 -2)
Vocabulary: battalion
(once / 378 pages)
n
A battalion is a unit of an army. One battalion usually consists of three of more companies and a headquarters.
The word battalion sounds a lot like battle, and that's a clue to its meaning: battalions are groups engaged in a battle. Specifically, a battalion is a smaller segment of an army. Within a battalion, there will usually be a headquarters, as well as a few smaller units, which are called companies. The members of a battalion will work closely together, whether they are attacking an enemy or defending a base. Veterans always remember the other soldiers in their battalion.
WORD FAMILY
battalion: battalions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The soldier served in the 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Players were plentiful enough in the ranks for the battalion to enter five teams in amateur competition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Battalion Chief Louis Charello says the Providence firefighter who fell was treated and released.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）; 大军，部队; （组织在一起工作的）队伍; 大批，许多，大量
分布：军队(78%)，大批(22%)
→词源同beat, 击，打。此处指打战的队伍。
营(batt+alion表名词→打的[队伍]→部队的营)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
【记】1）读：扶他林。主治：扭伤、拉伤、挫伤和各种关节肌肉疼痛，不仅是刘旋等奥运选手指定用药，也是营里最不可货缺的良药－扶你、扶我、扶他林。2）bat打，ta他，lion狮子。有一只打他的狮子，咱得报仇，一个人打不了狮子，最好是一群人，并且有武装－一个营的人估计够了。
noun countable
■a military unit consisting of three or more companies （军队的）营，营部
n. 营，军营；军队，部队
 - army, unit, force

Word: president-elect
Front: president-elect
[ˈprezidəntiˈlekt] (-2)
Back: n. 已当选而尚未就职的总统，总统当选人
分布：总统当选人(67%)，已当选而尚未就职之总统(33%)
N-SING
候任总统；当选主席
The president-elect is the person who has been elected as the president of an organization or country, but who has not yet taken office.
例：...one of the president-elect's best proposals during the campaign.在竞选运动中当选总统的最好提议之一

Word: semiconductor
Front: semiconductor
[ˌsemikənˈdʌktə(r)] (研四六 8736/9381 -1)
Back: n. <物>半导体
分布：半导体(100%)
半导体(semi[semi-表示"半"]+conductor导体)
n.半导体The conductor is reluctant to reduce the conductivity of the semiconductor.导演不情愿降低半导体的导电率.
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a material, such as silicon , which allows electricity to move through it more easily when its temperature increases, or an electronic device made from this material 半导体
• Semiconductors are used for making integrated circuits and computers. 半导体用于制造积体电路和电脑。
n. [电子] [物] 半导体
 - quasi-conductor

Word: symphony
Front: symphony
[ˈsɪmfəni] (高研六托雅宝 7665/5817 -2)
Vocabulary: symphony
(once / 568 pages)
n
A symphony is the name of a type of classical music (a long, complex sonata) and the large orchestra that plays that music.
If you go to a concert hall to see a piece of Beethoven or another composer, you're going to hear a symphony — a type of complicated, orchestral music played by a symphony orchestra. A symphony usually includes strings, horns, drums, piano and has a conductor to lead the group by waving a baton. You can also use this word as a comparison: A gorgeous spring day could be called a symphony of beauty and new life.
WORD FAMILY
symphony: symphonic, symphonies, symphonise, symphonist, symphonize+/symphonic: symphonically/symphonist: symphonists/symphonize: symphonizes, symphonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now you’re the first female conductor of a major American symphony.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Celebrated cellist Yo-Yo Ma performs with the National Symphony Orchestra in the culminating concert of the John F. Kennedy Centennial.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The girl flourished, excelling as a girl scout and athlete, and playing French horn and bass viola in the Burbank Youth Symphony.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 交响乐，交响曲; 序曲，插曲; 〈古〉和谐，和谐的东西
分布：交响乐(100%)
→sym-,一起，一致，-phone,声音，-y,学术，学科。引申词义交响乐，交响曲。
交响乐(sym+phony声音)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
交响乐(sym共同+phony→所有乐器一起响→交响乐)[phon=sound,表示"声音"]
n.交响乐,交响曲I like listening to the symphony.我喜欢听交响乐.
【记】sym＝same，pho声音，ny：不同的乐器产生相同的声音－交响乐
noun countable
■a long piece of music for an orchestra, usually with four movements (= parts) 交响乐，交响曲
• Mahler's 9th symphony 马勒的《第九交响曲》
n. 交响乐；谐声，和声
 - harmonic, sinfonia

Word: putt
Front: putt
[pʌt] (8752/10905 -2)
Vocabulary: putt
(once / 91 pages)
vn
To putt is to hit a golf ball softly with a club, usually when you're close to the hole. Golfers use a special club called a putter when they're ready to putt.
The distance between your golf ball and the hole determines how you putt, but the stroke is generally gentle, intended to get the ball on the green or all the way into the hole. Unlike other golf strokes that send the ball arcing through the air, a putt is always meant to simply roll it. Putt is a Scottish word that originally meant "to shove" or "to push," and came to include the golf meaning in 1743.
WORD FAMILY
putt: putted, putter, putting, putts+/ putter: puttered, putterer, puttering, putters/putterer: putterers/putting: puttings
USAGE EXAMPLES
His right leg got caught beneath him, and he stayed on the ground, then hobbled off with help, putting no pressure on his left leg.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"We are putting in the hands of 12 people the life and death of a person."
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s a great challenge, a great exercise in putting it together.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. （高尔夫球）轻击
vt. & vi. 把（球）轻轻打进洞里; 轻轻一击
时态：putted, putting, putts
分布：短打(60%)，把球轻轻打进洞(40%)
→来自put的苏格兰特殊发音及引申词义。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to hit a golf ball gently across an area of short and even grass towards or into a hole （高尔夫球运动中）轻击球，推球入洞
• Palmer putted the ball straight into the hole. 帕尔默直接把球推入洞中。
• You need to use a special club for putting. 轻击球需要用特殊的球棒。
[pʌt] noun countable
■a gentle hit across short grass which sends a ball towards or into a hole 轻轻击球
• She won the competition with an impressive six-metre putt. 她以一记令人惊叹的六米远推球入洞赢得了比赛的胜利。
vt. 击球入洞
 - hole out

Word: Catholicism
Front: Catholicism
[kə'θɒlɪ.sɪz(ə)m] (7667/12416 -1)
Back: n. 天主教；天主教义
分布：天主教(72%)，天主教义(28%)
天主教(Ｃatholic天主教徒)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
N-UNCOUNT
天主教教义
Catholicism is the traditions, the behaviour, and the set of Christian beliefs that are held by Catholics.
例：...her conversion to Catholicism.她改信天主教

Word: thirty-five
Front: thirty-five
None None
Back: num. 三十五
分布：三十五(100%)

Word: growl
Front: growl
[graʊl] (六雅宝 8745/8237 -1)
Vocabulary: growl
(once / 300 pages)
vn
To growl is to make a low, guttural, aggressive sound, like “grrrrrrrrrrr.” If you’ve ever gotten too close to an angry dog, you’ve probably heard a growl.
A growl is not a friendly sound. Growls are low, rumbling snarls, and they usually mean "Back off!" Dogs growl at people and animals they don’t like. Sometimes people growl when they speak in a low, angry way. If you dine at a restaurant but don’t leave a tip, the waiter might growl at you. Growling is best done though clinched teeth. If an animal or person is growling, stay away!
WORD FAMILY
growl: growled, growler, growling, growls+/growler: growlers/growling: growlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drive modes adjust throttle response, steering weight, gearbox mapping and the amount of engine growl allowed into the cabin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“You’re missing the point,” growled Commissioner Mike Smith from beneath the brim of his cowboy hat.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. （雷）作隆隆声; 嘟哝; 愤愤不平地抱怨
vt. 低声咆哮着说; 粗鲁地说出
n. 低吼，狺狺声; 咆哮，粗声大气
时态：growled, growling, growls
分布：咆哮(58%)，吼(24%)，吠声(8%)，咆哮声(8%)，怒吠(2%)
→拟声词，模仿咆哮的声音。
【记】grow＋l一把剑：如果看过动画片希芮就比较好记，每当危险时刻，希芮就会变身，从背后拔出宝剑，愤怒的咆哮：我是希芮！Grow，owl变成猫头鹰－只会吼叫不会说人话了。
verb intransitive
■to make a low rough sound, usually in anger （通常指因为愤怒）发出低沉的吼叫，咆哮
• The dog growled at her and snapped at her ankles. 那只狗咆哮着在她脚踝上咬了一口。
• [+ speech] "Not now, I'm busy, " he growled. “现在不可以，我正在忙。”他吼道。
roar, bark, growl, howl
这组词都有“吠，叫”的意思，其区别是：
roar: 指狮子的吼叫。
bark: 指发出刺耳的汪汪声，系典型的狗吠。
growl: 指被激怒的狗发出低长的咆哮声，以示威胁。用于人时，指咆哮着喊叫，怒冲冲地发牢骚。
howl: 指声音响亮，拖得很长，如哀愁的哭声。用于人时，指大喊大叫。
vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等） [地物] 轰鸣
 - huff and puff, bark
n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平
 - ululation, discontentment

Word: juicy
Front: juicy
[ˈdʒu:si] (高托 8742/14477 -1)
Vocabulary: juicy
(once / 2511 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's juicy is so moist that it's dripping with juice. There is nothing quite like eating a juicy, ripe peach in the summer.
Perfect peaches and oranges and pears should be juicy when you bite into them. Aside from fruit, people also commonly describe meat as juicy. A story might be figuratively juicy too, if it's full of intriguing, gossipy details: "Did you read about that juicy scandal in the mayor's office?" Juicy comes from the Old French jus, "juice," with the Latin root ius, "broth, sauce, or juice."
WORD FAMILY
juicy: juicier, juiciest, juicily, juiciness+/ juice: juiceless, juices, juicy
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s too early to know the juicy details, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Again, seafood stands out: simple roasted whole bass, tangy slow-cooked octopus carnitas and juicy roast chicken, infused with campfire aromas.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Movies are going to have to sell themselves—juicy rumor or not.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 多汁的; 有趣的; 刺激性强的; 报酬多的
级别：juicier, juiciest
分布：多汁的(74%)，有趣的(19%)，利润丰厚的(7%)
→来自juice,果汁，肉汁。即多汁的，引申词义妙趣横生的，刺激的。
adjective
LIQUID 液体
■Juicy foods contain a lot of juice, which makes them very enjoyable to eat 多汁的
• a nice juicy orange/steak 香甜多汁的柳橙／多汁味美的牛排
['dʒu:.si] adjective
GOOD 好的
[before noun] informal
■big, important, or of a high quality 大的；重要的；高品质的
• If sales continue like this, we should be showing a nice juicy profit at the end of the year. 如果销售量照这样保持下去，年底我们的利润会很丰厚。
[before noun] informal
■describes information that is especially interesting because it is shocking or personal （资讯）生动有趣的，富刺激性的
• I've got some really juicy gossip for you. 我有些有趣的小道消息要告诉你。
adj. [食品] 多汁的；利润多的；生动的
 - telling, live, vivid

Word: purity
Front: purity
[ˈpjʊərəti] (四六雅宝 8748/7137)
Vocabulary: purity
(once / 385 pages)
n
Something that exhibits purity hasn't been tainted by something morally or physically. Children, fresh snow, and solid gold are all known for their purity.
Purity comes from the Latin purus meaning "clean, clear, unmixed, chaste." When you're talking about something that is clean and unmixed, you are talking about something characterized by purity. This can refer to someone's character or intentions. It can also describe an object or element. When you're high in the mountains, far from the city's congestion, the purity of the air is a relief to the lungs.
WORD FAMILY
purity: purities+/impure: impurely, impureness, impurer, impurest, impurity / impurity: impurities/ pure: impure, purely, pureness, purer, purest, purism, purity /purism: purisms, purist / purist: purists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We’re counting on him putting successful people in charge of executing. The execution is more important than the purity.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Purity of heart and motivation, in the Christian tradition, does matter.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
“Nudity and purity, sensuality and innocence, grace and spontaneity — we made contradictions of them,” he said in 1995.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. [化学]纯度; 纯洁，纯净; 清洁，清白，清廉; （语言）纯正
分布：纯洁(56%)，纯净(25%)，纯粹(11%)，纯正(8%)
→来自pure,纯的，-ty,名词后缀。
纯净,纯正(pur+ity)[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
【反】refine（v 精炼）－reduce purity（降低纯度）
US ['pjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT MIXED 纯净
 ADVANCED
■the state of not being mixed with anything else 纯净；纯粹
• the atrocities carried out in the name of ethnic/racial purity 以种族纯化的名义所实施的暴行
 ADVANCED
■when a sound is clear and perfect （声音的）纯净，清晰，纯正
• the purity of her voice 她嗓音的纯正
 ADVANCED
■when something is clean or free from harmful substances 洁净，纯净；不含有害物质
• air/water purity 空气／水的纯净
UK ['pjʊə.rɪ.ti] US ['pjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
MORALLY GOOD 道德高尚
■moral goodness or the state of not having sex 纯洁，清白；贞洁
• the purity and innocence of children 孩子们的天真无邪
• For Christians, the Virgin Mary is a symbol of purity. 对基督徒来说，圣母玛莉亚是贞洁的象征。
goodness, purity, integrity, morality, virtue
这组词都有“美德”的意思，其区别是：
goodness: 含义最广，侧重固有的仁爱，慷慨等高尚的美德。
purity: 侧重于道德上无缺点。
integrity: 指品格的纯正，有高度是非感的美德。
morality: 强调符合道德标准的行为或用道德准则衡量某事，尤注重男女间的道德品行。
virtue: 一般用词，指符合道德准则的隐恶扬善行为或品行或指一种有意识去做善事的高尚道德。
n. [化学] 纯度；纯洁；纯净；纯粹
 - fineness, immaculacy

Word: gel
Front: gel
[dʒel] (8747/6760 -2)
Back: n. 凝胶，冻胶; 定型发胶
vi. 形成胶体; 胶化
时态：gelled, gelling, gels
分布：凝胶(95%)，发胶(3%)，上发胶(1%)，变得浓稠(1%)
→来自gelatin的缩写。
noun uncountable
■a thick, clear, liquid substance, especially one used on the hair or body （尤指用于洗发或护肤的）凝胶，冻胶
• shower gel 沐浴凝胶
• hair gel 发胶
[dʒel] verb (-ll-)
BECOME FIRM 变坚固 (ALSO US also jell) intransitive
■to change from a liquid into a thick soft solid 形成胶体；胶化；胶凝
■(ALSO US also jell) intransitive
■If an idea or situation gels, it starts to become more clear and fixed （想法或局势）变得更清楚，显得更明确
• The race issue gelled in the 1960s. 种族问题在20世纪60年代突显出来。
■(ALSO US also jell) intransitive
■If two or more people gel, they form a good relationship or become friends 形成亲密关系；结成好友
• The team really gelled during the first few games of the season. 在这个赛季头几场比赛中，球队表现得很有凝聚力，配合十分默契。
[dʒel] verb (-ll-)
ON HAIR 头发上
transitive
■to put gel on someone's hair 上发胶于
• He had spiky light brown hair, shaved at the sides and gelled on top. 他剃去两鬓，头顶上打了发胶，浅褐色的头发一簇簇地直立着。
n. [物化] 凝胶，胶体
 - jel, colloform

Word: bank
Front: bank
[bæŋk] (中高雅 663/406 -K1)
Vocabulary: bank
(once / 29 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4n 5vn
Unless you hide it under your mattress, you probably keep your money in a bank, or a business that stores and invests money.
There are several different meanings of the word bank. Besides the ones connected with money — like a savings bank or a piggy bank — a bank is also a slope of grass or earth, such as a river bank. Both of these are rooted in a Germanic word, bankiz, or "bank of earth." From this root came words meaning "shelf" and "table." The money-related bank came from the "table" meaning, banque in Middle French, as in "moneylender's exchange table."
WORD FAMILY
bank: bankable, banked, banker, banking, banks+/banker: bankers/banking: bankings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In truth, customers lost only $1.5 million, which, if we’re being honest, is minuscule for a bank the size of Wells Fargo.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank Stadium operator SMG said in a statement that they apparently climbed over a guard rail to access the ridge truss.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The inn on this site was first built in 1520 - on the north bank of the Thames to the east of the City.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 银行; （条形的）堆; （河的）岸; 库存
vt. & vi. 堆积; 筑（堤）; 将（钱）存入银行
vi. （转弯时）倾斜飞行; （在某银行）开账户，存款
vt. （用煤等）封炉火
时态：banked, banking, banks
分布：银行(88%)，岸(5%)，库(3%)，堤(2%)，开户(1%)，把钱存入银行(1%)
→词源同bench，长凳，原指土凳，堤岸。银行义来自14世纪意大利威尼斯商人在市场摆一条凳子从事货币存储及放贷业务, 也即现代银行的起源。
银行(由柜台转化而来)[bank=bench(长椅)]
n.银行;岸,堤;vi.存入(经营)银行;信赖Thanks to the bankrupt banker, my ankle avoided an injury.多亏那位破产的银行家,我的脚踝免受伤害.
noun countable
MONEY 钱
 ESSENTIAL
■an organization where people and businesses can invest or borrow money, change it to foreign money, etc., or a building where these services are offered 银行
• High street banks have been accused of exploiting small firms. 大型银行被指责剥削小企业。
• I need to go to the bank at lunch time. 我要利用午饭时间去一趟银行。
• I had to take out a bank loan to start my own business. 为了创办自己的公司，我不得不从银行借款。
■In gambling , the bank is money that belongs to the owner and can be won by the players. 庄家的赌本
[bæŋk] noun countable
RIVER 河
 ADVANCED
■sloping raised land, especially along the sides of a river 堤，岸
• By the time we reached the opposite bank, the boat was sinking fast. 当我们到达对岸时，船正在快速地下沉。
• These flowers generally grow on river banks and near streams. 这些花通常在河堤上和溪流附近开花。
[bæŋk] noun countable
MASS 堆
■a pile or mass of earth, clouds, etc. 一堆，一团（泥、云等）
• A dark bank of cloud loomed on the horizon. 天际隐约出现一大片黑云。
[bæŋk] noun countable
MACHINES 机器
■a row of similar things, especially machines or parts of machines 一排，一列，一组（尤指机器或机器零件）
• a bank of switches 一排开关
[bæŋk] noun countable
MEDICAL 医学
■A bank of something, such as blood or human organs for medical use, is a place which stores these things for later use （储藏血液、器官等的）库
• a blood bank 血库
• a sperm bank 精子库
[bæŋk] verb
MONEY 钱
intransitive or transitive
■to keep your money in a particular bank, or to put money into a bank 把钱存入银行，在某银行拥有存款
• I used to bank with Lloyd's. 我过去常把钱存在劳埃德银行。
transitive informal
■to win or earn a particular amount of money 赢得或赚取一定金额的钱
• She banked £500 in tips that day! 那天她赚了500英镑的小费！
[bæŋk] verb
TURN 转向
intransitive
■(of an aircraft) to fly with one wing higher than the other when turning （飞机）倾斜着飞行
• We felt the plane bank steeply as it changed direction. 我们感觉到飞机改变方向时倾斜得很厉害。
[bæŋk] verb
MASS 堆
intransitive or transitive
■to collect in or form into a mass, or to make something do this 堆积，或使某物堆积
• The snow had banked up in the corner of the garden. 雪堆积在园子的角落里。
• We banked up the fire (= put more coal on it) to keep it burning all night. 我们把炉火封好，这样就可以整晚不灭。
[bæŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bank on sb/sth
■to expect something or depend on something happening 指望，信赖，依赖，依靠
• Can I bank on your support? 我能指望你吗？
• [+ -ing verb] I wouldn't bank on him being there. 我可不会指望他会在那里。
• "Do you think she'll come?" "I wouldn't bank on it ". “你觉得她会来吗？”“我可不指望。”
• I'd banked on getting a pay rise this year. 我本来指望今年能加薪的。
shore, bank, seaside, beach, coast
这组词都有“岸”的意思，其区别是：
shore: 指紧靠大湖泊或海洋的陆地边缘或靠海的休养地。
bank: 多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
seaside: 尤指疗养地、游览地区的海边。
beach: 指倾斜度小，被海、湖或河水冲刷而有沙或卵石积存的地方。
coast: 地理学上的名词，专指被视为边界的沿海陆地的尽头。
n. [金融] 银行；岸； [地理] 浅滩；储库
 - shallow, ford
vi. 堆积；倾斜转弯
 - pile, heap up

Word: sag
Front: sag
[sæɡ] (8757/10300 -1)
Back: vi. 下垂; 消沉; 下跌; [航]漂向下风向
vt. 使…下垂
n. 下垂的动作或事例; 下垂度; 下沉地带; 下跌
时态：sagged, sagging, sags
分布：凹陷(57%)，下垂(30%)，下跌(12%)，消沉(1%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 sokkva,下沉，去鼻音化自 Proto-Germanic*senkwanan,下沉，词源同 sink. 引申诸相关词义。
verb intransitive (-gg-)
■to drop down to a lower level in the middle （中间部位）下垂，下陷
• The shelf sagged under the weight of the heavy books. 书架被沉重的书压弯了。
• a sagging roof/floor/bed 下陷的屋顶／地板／床
■to become weaker 减弱；下降，下跌
• The dollar held up well this morning but the pound sagged. 今天上午美元走挺，但英镑下跌了。
[sæg] noun
[S or U]
■where something has dropped down to a lower level 下垂部分；下弯部分；下陷部分
• a sag in the roof 屋顶的下陷部分
countable usually singular
■a reduction in something 下降，下跌
• a sag in sales 销售量下降
n. 松弛；下跌；漂流；萧条
 - slip, flab
vi. 下垂；下降；萎靡
 - decline, go down
vt. 使下垂
 - slouch

Word: following
Front: following
[ˈfɒləʊɪŋ] (高研四六 1471/748 -K4)
Vocabulary: following
(once / 31 pages)
1nadj 2adj 3n
A following is a group of fans. The Beatles had a huge following. Following also means “coming after.” Rabid fans were always following the Fab Four around.
To follow is to go after, like a groupie following a rock star or a panic following an explosion. If you’re watching a TV show, when it’s over you might watch the following show. Also, a following is a bunch of people who follow someone in the sense of believing in them. The movie Blade Runner has a cult following. Sometimes when store clerks want to sound fancy, they say they can help the “following guest” when “next guest” would do.
WORD FAMILY
following: followingly, followings+/ follow: followed, follower, following, follows/ follower: followers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Surgery wasn’t an option, but he asked Graf to return the following week to discuss what they might try next.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Deadly riots the following year in China’s far west left authorities even more convinced that it was time to step up their controls over society.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Wade noticed the swelling following Saturday night’s loss to Milwaukee.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 后面的，其次的; 下列的; 顺风的
n. 崇拜者，拥护者; 下列，如下; 跟随; 随球
prep. 随后，在…以后
v. 跟随，接着(follow的现在分词)
分布：下列的(44%)，接着的(24%)，下列各项(12%)，动词follow的现在分词(8%)，追随者(8%)，在 ... 以后(4%)
a.下列的,下述的,其次的,接着的The following students will stay.下列同学请留下.
US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] preposition
 ADVANCED
■after 在…之后
• The weeks following the riots were extremely tense. 暴乱之后的几周气氛极其紧张。
• Following the dinner, there will be a dance. 晚餐之后将有一场舞会。
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] adjective
 IMPROVER [before noun]
■The following day/morning, etc., is the next one. 接着的
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] adjective
following wind
■a wind which is blowing in the same direction as the one in which you are going 顺风
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] noun only singular
NEXT 接下来
the following
 ADVANCED
■(often used to introduce a list, report, etc.) what comes next 接下来（常用于引出名单、报告等）
• The following is an extract from her diary. 接下来是摘自她日记中的一段。
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] noun only singular
PEOPLE 人
■a group of people who admire something or someone 追随者
• She has attracted a large following among the rich and famous. 她在富贾名流中有一大批追随者。
• The shop has a small but loyal/devoted following. 那家商店有数量不多但忠实的一批老顾客。
■a group of people who support, admire or believe in a particular person, group or idea 拥护者；追随者
adj. 下面的；其次的，接着的
 - under, coming, next

Word: intentional
Front: intentional
[ɪnˈtenʃənl] (四六宝 8744/12428 -1)
Vocabulary: intentional
(once / 865 pages)
adj
Something intentional was done on purpose. If a crime was intentional, it was no accident.
If you bump into your little brother in the hallway because you weren't paying attention, it's unintentional. But if wait for him to walk by and then stick out your foot to trip him, it's intentional. And not very nice. Usually we let people off the hook if they do something bad accidentally. But if your evil doings are premeditated, consciously planned, or otherwise intentional, no one will take much pity on you.
WORD FAMILY
intentional: intentionality, intentionally, unintentional +/ intend: intended, intending, intends, intention / intended: intendedly, unintended/ intention: intentional, intentions/unintended: unintendedly/ unintentional: unintentionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheriff says they don’t believe at this time that it was an intentional shooting.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hurts was sacked three times and was called for intentional grounding in the second quarter.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It seemed intentional to me. It seemed pointed.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有意的，故意的; 策划的
分布：故意的(90%)，存心的(10%)
→来自intent,意图，目的。
【记】intent（n 意图；目的；意向）；intend（vt 想要；打算）
【反】inadvertent（adj 不注意的；无意中做的）
adjective
■planned or intended 有意的，故意的
• Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional? 你漏掉了他的名字，是无意的还是有意的？
adj. 故意的；蓄意的；策划的
 - studied, designed, conscious

Word: contestant
Front: contestant
[kənˈtestənt] (8743/12459 -1)
Vocabulary: contestant
(once / 2409 pages)
1n 2n
A contestant is someone who competes in a game or contest. Contestants in many beauty competitions need to demonstrate a talent, like singing or dancing, as well as look pretty.
If you're a contestant on a TV game show, you might have to answer trivia questions, and if you're a debate contestant, you need to argue your case clearly. You can also be a contestant in a sporting competition or on a reality show. Contestant comes from the verb contest, from the French contester, "oppose," which has a Latin root, contestari, "to bring action."
WORD FAMILY
contestant: contestants
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other contestants will include fellow Olympians Louis Smith and Jade Jones, and model Caprice Bourret.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
America’s Next Top Model DJ Khaled schools the contestants on social media branding in this new episode.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was as if their bodies were intensifying their effort to pull the contestants back to their original weight.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: n. 竞争者，竞赛者; 争论者; （对选举结果）有异议者
分布：参赛者(71%)，竞争者(29%)
竞争者(contest+ant)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
US [-tˌənt] noun countable
COMPETITION 竞争者
■someone who competes in a contest 参赛选手；竞争者
• In tonight's quiz, our contestants have come from all over the country. 参加今晚知识竞赛的选手们来自全国各地。
UK [kən'tes.tənt] US [-tˌənt] noun countable
ATTEMPT 争夺
■someone who attempts to win an election or get power or control 争夺者；竞争者
• Two main candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency. 两位主要候选人最终脱颖而出成为总统职位的有力竞争者。
n. 竞争者；争辩者
 - competitor, rival

Word: vomit
Front: vomit
[ˈvɒmɪt] (雅宝 8753/10114 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 呕吐; 大量喷出
n. 呕吐，呕吐物; 催吐剂
时态：vomited, vomiting, vomits
分布：呕吐(60%)，呕吐物(19%)，吐出(16%)，喷出(5%)
→来自weme,呕吐，吐出，拟声词，词源同emetic.
【记】象声词，自学呕吐的声音
US ['vɑ:.mɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth 呕吐
• He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor. 他醉醺醺地回到家里，在厨房里吐了一地。
• She was vomiting (up) blood. 她在吐血。
vt. 吐出；使……呕吐
 - spit out, regorge
vi. [医] 呕吐；吐出
 - shoot the cat, hork
n. [医] 呕吐；呕吐物；催吐剂
 - sickness, emesis

Word: raid
Front: raid
[reɪd] (研四六托雅宝 5096/3428 -3)
Vocabulary: raid
(once / 302 pages)
1nv 2nv
A raid is a military attack, especially a quick surprise attack. The word comes from the military but has spread out — police might raid a shady nightclub to find bad guys, or a babysitter might raid the refrigerator.
When an army launches a raid, you can say they raid, or attack abruptly. This verb can also be used to mean "search" or "enter unexpectedly," as when police officers raid a suspect's home or summer campers' raid a neighboring cabin. The military meaning is the oldest, and the word comes from the Scottish rade, "a riding" or "a journey," from the Old English rad, which is also the root of road.
WORD FAMILY
raid: raided, raider, raiding, raids+/raider: raiders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gariev said that as he and his allies turned their attention away from domestic politics, raids by the police also subsided.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The account said police, acting on a tip, then raided a village looking for the attackers.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Police raids to disrupt suspected holiday terror plots led to several shootouts in which five militants were killed and 20 arrested.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （骑兵队等的）急袭，突然袭击，突击，（军舰等的）游击; 劫掠，劫夺，（盗贼，狐等的）侵入; 突然查抄[搜捕]，围捕
vi. 对…进行突然袭击; 进行奇袭
vt. 突然袭击[抢劫]; 突然搜查; 劫掠; 打劫
时态：raided, raiding, raids
分布：袭击(76%)，劫掠(10%)，突然袭击(8%)，突击搜捕(3%)，攫取(2%)，集体抛售(1%)
→来自古英语 rad,骑马，骑马抢劫，词源同 road,ride.引申词义突袭。
n/v..袭击,搜查Without my aid I'm afraid the maiden would have been raided.没有我的帮助我怕少女已遭到袭击.
【记】源于：ride（v /n 骑）原指一小队骑兵的奇袭。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a short sudden attack, usually by a small group of people （通常由一小队人发起的）突袭，袭击
• The commandos made/staged/carried out a daring raid (on the enemy). 突击队大胆（向敌人）发起了突袭。
• planes on a bombing raid 执行空袭轰炸任务的飞机
 ADVANCED
■when people enter a place by force in order to steal from it 抢劫；打劫
• Millions of dollars were stolen in a bank raid last night. 昨晚一间银行被劫走数百万美元。
 ADVANCED
■when the police enter a place suddenly in order to find someone or something （警方）查抄，突然搜查
• The drugs were found during a police raid on the house. 这些毒品是在警方查抄这栋房子时发现的。
[reɪd] verb transitive
■to attack a place suddenly 突袭；突击
• The nomads raided the enemy camp and captured over 100 camels. 游牧部落突袭了敌人的营地，掠走了上百头骆驼。
■to enter a place illegally and usually violently, and steal from it 抢劫；洗劫；劫掠
• The post office was raided late at night. 昨晚深夜邮局遭到抢劫。
■(of the police) to enter a place suddenly in order to find someone or something （警方）突击检查，突然搜查
• Police officers from the organized crime branch have raided solicitors' offices in central London. 有组织罪案调查科的员警已经突击搜查了位于伦敦中心的一些律师事务所。
■informal
■to take something from a place, usually secretly （通常指偷偷地）从…把东西拿走，取走（某处的）东西
• I caught Toby raiding the fridge. 托比从冰箱里偷拿东西时被我撞上了。
n. [军] 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫
 - robbery, assault
vt. [军] 袭击，突袭
 - hit, descend on

Word: wear
Front: wear
[weə(r)] (中高托雅 518/673 -K4)
Vocabulary: wear
(once / 41 pages)
1vn 2v 3vn
To wear means to clothe, or be covered by. You wear suits to interviews and sweats to the gym.
Wear is used to talk about the things we wear on our body, like clothes or jewelry. We even say that people wear their feelings. If someone tells you you’re wearing your heart on your sleeve, it’s totally obvious what you’re feeling. We also use wear to talk about deterioration over time. If you walk a lot, you will wear out your shoes faster. If you chatter on and on, your listener’s patience will wear thin.
WORD FAMILY
wear: underwear, wearable, weared, wearer, wearing, wears, wore+/underwear: underwears/wearable: unwearable, wearables/wearer: wearers/wearing: wearingly, wearings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She recalled how wearing a hairpiece caused a rash.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The Trojans also wore helmet decals with McKnight’s initials and jersey number.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Stafford said after Sunday’s loss to Green Bay that he will continue to wear a glove to protect his hand in the playoffs.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 穿着，戴着; 面露; 留着（胡须等）; 磨损
vi. 耐用; 保持不变; 磨损，耗损; 逐渐或枯燥地通过
n. 穿着; 穿戴物，衣物; 磨损，穿旧; 耐用性
时态：wore, worn, wearing, wears
分布：穿着(54%)，磨损(32%)，耐久性(9%)，穿戴(4%)，使疲劳(1%)
→来自wes,穿衣，词源同vest,invest,字母r,s音变。引申词义磨损，损耗。
v.穿着,戴着;磨损,用旧n.穿,戴;磨损She swears to wear the pearls that appear to be pears.她发誓要戴那些看起来像梨子的珍珠.
US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
ON BODY 在身上
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to have clothing, jewellery, etc. on your body 穿（衣服）；戴（首饰等）
• Tracey is wearing a simple black dress. 特蕾西身着一袭素净的黑色长裙。
• What are you wearing to Caroline's wedding? 卡罗琳的婚礼上你准备穿甚么？
• Some musicians don't like to wear rings when they're playing. 有的音乐家不喜欢在演奏时戴戒指。
• He wears glasses for reading. 他阅读时戴眼镜。
• She wears very little makeup. 她基本上不化妆。
transitive
■to show a particular emotion on your face 流露，面带（某种表情）
• The minister wore a confident smile throughout the interview. 部长在整个采访过程中都面带自信的微笑。
transitive
■to arrange your hair in a particular way 把（头发）梳成（某种发型）
• When she's working she wears her hair in a ponytail. 工作时，她把头发梳成一个马尾辫。
• You should wear your hair up (= so that it does not hang down) more often - it suits you. 你应当更常把头发梳起来——那很适合你。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
WEAKEN 削弱
intransitive
■to become weaker, damaged or thinner because of continuous use 磨损；耗损；用旧
• I'm very fond of this shirt but it's starting to wear at the collar. 我非常喜欢这件衬衫，但是它的领子已经有些磨破了。
• The wheel bearings have worn over the years, which is what's causing the noise. 轮子的轴承多年来已经磨损，这就是产生噪声的原因。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to produce something such as a hole or loss of material by continuous use, rubbing or movement 磨破；磨出（洞等）
• I always seem to wear a hole in the left elbow of my sweaters. 我似乎老是会把毛线衫的左肘处磨出洞来。
• Over many years, flowing water wore deep grooves into the rock. 多年之后，流水在岩石上冲刷出一道道深深的凹槽。
• Wind and water slowly wore down the mountain's jagged edges. 风和水慢慢地磨平了这座山的棱角。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
ALLOW 允许
transitive UK old-fashioned informal
■to allow or accept something 允许；接受
• I'd ask my boss for some time off but I don't think she'd wear it. 我想向老板请一段时间的假，但我觉得她可能不会批准。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
wear your heart on your sleeve
■to make your feelings and emotions obvious rather than hiding them 流露（自己的）情感
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
wear the trousers UK (US wear the pants) informal
■(especially of a woman) to be the person in a relationship who is in control and who makes decisions for both people （尤指女性）掌权当家，占主导地位
• Brian may seem bossy, but I'll tell you it's Lisa that really wears the trousers in that relationship. 布莱恩可能看起来比较专横，但我告诉你，他们两个中真正说了算的是丽莎。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
wear thin informal
■If your patience wears thin, you become less and less patient 逐渐失去耐性
• I've warned you several times about being late and my patience is wearing thin. 我多次警告你不要迟到，我对你已经失去耐性了。
■If something such as a joke wears thin, it becomes boring or annoying or stops being funny or effective, because it has been seen, heard or used too much （因出现太多而）失去吸引力（或趣味），不再有效
• Tony, the joke is beginning to wear thin now and a lot of us have had enough. “托尼，那个笑话现在已经变得不那么好笑，我们很多人都听够了。”
• Her standard excuse for being late was beginning to wear thin. 她迟到时常用的那个借口已经开始不太管用了。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] wear (sth) away
■to become thin and disappear after repeated use or rubbing, or to cause something to become thin and disappear in this way （使）磨损，磨掉
• In some diseases, the protective layer in a joint wears away. 患某些疾病时，关节处的保护层会受到磨损。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] wear sb down
■to make someone feel tired and less able to deal successfully with a situation 使（某人）精疲力竭；磨垮（某人）
• Both sides are trying to wear the other down by being obstinate in the negotiations. 双方在谈判中都不肯让步，试图耗尽对方的耐性。
• All the stress and extra travel is beginning to wear him down. 所有那一切压力和加班出差开始使他筋疲力尽。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
  Phrasal Verbs  wear off
■If a feeling or the effect of something wears off, it gradually disappears 逐渐消失；消逝
• Most patients find that the numbness from the injection wears off after about an hour. 大多数病人发现注射产生的麻木感在一个小时左右以后会逐渐消失。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
  Phrasal Verbs  wear on
■If a period of time wears on, it seems to pass very slowly （时间）慢慢过去，沉闷地过去
• She felt less confident about completing the course as the week wore on. 随着这一周的时间慢慢过去，她更加觉得没有信心修完这完课程。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] wear sb out
■to make someone extremely tired 使（某人）筋疲力尽
• Walking around a museum all day really wears you out. 整天在博物馆里走来走去，真令人筋疲力尽。
UK [weər] US [wer] verb (wore, worn)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] wear (sth) out
■to use something so much that it is damaged and cannot be used any more, or to become damaged in this way 用坏；磨坏
• Moving parts in engines wear out much more quickly than stationary parts. 引擎的运动部件比固定部件磨损得要快得多。
UK [weər] US [wer] noun uncountable
CLOTHES 衣服 (also wear)
■clothes suitable for a particular use or clothes of a particular type （有某种特定用途或某一类型的）衣服
• casual wear 便装
• leisure wear 休闲服
• knitwear 针织品
UK [weər] US [wer] noun uncountable
USE 使用
■the amount or type of use an object has had or can be expected to have, especially before showing damage 耐用性，经久性
• I've had a lot of wear out of these boots - I've had them for five years. 这双靴子我穿了很久——都有五年了。
• I've only worn the shirt a couple of times and it's already showing signs of wear (= damage). 那件衬衫我只穿了几次就开始显得有些破旧了。
put on, dress, wear
这组词都有“穿衣，穿”的意思，其区别是：
put on: 普通用语，指把衣服、鞋袜、帽子、手套等戴上去，侧重穿戴的动作。
dress: 普通用词，指给自己或他人穿衣。既表动作又可表状态。
wear: 最常用词，指穿衣、鞋袜或戴手套等，侧重穿戴的状态。
vt. 穿着，戴； [机] 磨损
 - have on, keep sth on
vi. [机] 磨损，变旧
 - grind down, frazzle
n. [服装] 服装，穿着；耐用性，耐久性；损耗
 - clothing, waste, garment, apparel, durability

Word: brokerage
Front: brokerage
[ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ] (8749/23399 -1)
Back: n. 经纪业; 佣金; 手续费; 经纪费
分布：经纪行(100%)
N-COUNT
经纪公司；代理公司
A brokerage or a brokerage firm is a company of brokers.
例：...Japan's four biggest brokerages.日本4家最大的代理公司
N-UNCOUNT
（经纪人收取的）佣金，中介费，提成
A brokerage fee or commission is the money charged by a broker for his or her services.
n. [会计] 佣金； [贸易] 回扣；中间人业务
 - rake-off, sale commission

Word: frantically
Front: frantically
['fræntɪklɪ] (8758/10030)
Vocabulary: frantically
(once / 1554 pages)
adv
When people act frantically or in an uncontrolled manner, it's best to give them their space. If there's a fire in a building, everyone will be stampeding frantically to the nearest exit. Just try not to get trampled.
The word frantically comes from the Middle English frentik meaning "insane, violently mad," which is just what someone behaving frantically acts like. This word can be used to describe any number of actions. Your mother might be frantically pacing the room if you come home well after your curfew, or you might be frantically running to a class if you're late.
WORD FAMILY
frantic: frantically, franticly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw two women waving frantically at a window.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Another video showed people frantically fleeing, while aerial footage revealed charred stalls and destroyed buildings.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Regarding the Dec. 14 news article “Scientists are frantically copying U.S. climate data, fearing it might vanish under Trump”:
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 疯狂地，狂热地
分布：狂暴地(60%)，疯狂似地(40%)
US [-tˌɪ-] adverb
HURRIEDLY 赶快地
■done in a hurried way and in a state of excitement or confusion 紧张忙乱的
• I've been working frantically all week to get it finished on time. 我整个星期都在紧张工作，以期能够按时完成。
• I got home to find Lara frantically searching for her keys. 我回到家，发现罗拉正在急急火火地找她的锁匙。
UK ['fræn.tɪ.kli] US [-tˌɪ-] adverb
SHOWING WORRY OR FEAR 表现担心或恐惧
■in a way that is almost out of control because of extreme emotion, such as worry 发狂似的，情绪失控的
• As the helicopter flew overhead, they waved frantically, trying to attract its attention. 当直升机从他们头顶飞过时，他们拼命挥手，想要引起它的注意。
adv. 疯狂似地；狂暴地
 - wildly, furiously

Word: reiterate
Front: reiterate
[riˈɪtəreɪt] (托宝 8754/7665 -1)
Vocabulary: reiterate
(once / 918 pages)
v
To reiterate something is to say or do something again, or many times. Let me reiterate: if you repeat yourself, you're reiterating the thing you originally said.
This verb is from Middle English reiteraten, from Latin reiteratus, from reiterare "to repeat," from the prefix re- "again" plus iterare "to repeat, iterate." The English word iterate has the same meaning as reiterate, although it is not as commonly used.
WORD FAMILY
reiterate: reiterated, reiterates, reiterating, reiteration, reiterative+/ iterate: iterated, iterates, iterating, iteration, iterative, reiterate / iteration: iterations/ iterative: iteratively/reiteration: reiterations
USAGE EXAMPLES
To reiterate: A story about a severe weather event that didn’t happen was more popular than most stories about events that did.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Speaking ahead of the Centennial Classic, Bettman reiterated that NHL owners were reluctant to return for a sixth consecutive Olympics.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 37-year-old receiver reiterated last week that he’s likely retiring.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 重申; 反复地做
时态：reiterated, reiterating, reiterates
分布：重申(100%)
→re-,再，重新，iterate,反复，重复。
重申(re+iterate重说→反复重说)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re反复，iterate（v 反复说）源于：literate（n 学者；adj 有文化的）
US [-'ɪtˌ.ɚ.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to say something again, once or several times 反复地说，反复讲；重申
• The government has reiterated its refusal to compromise with terrorists. 政府重申拒绝向恐怖分子妥协。
• [+ that] She reiterated that she had never seen him before. 她一再重申自己以前从未见过他。
vt. 重申；反复地做
 - ingeminate, restate

Word: exterior
Front: exterior
[ɪkˈstɪəriə(r)] (研四六托雅 8761/8714 -1)
Vocabulary: exterior
(once / 735 pages)
adjn
Something that's exterior is on the outside of some structure or object. An exterior door on a house opens to the outdoors, rather than connecting one room to another.
Exterior house paint is made for painting the shingles or siding of your home, not the walls of your living room, and the exterior finish of a car is on the outside. You can also use exterior as a noun, to mean the outside of something: "The exterior of this salad bowl is a weird shade of yellow." Exterior is a Latin word, a comparative of exterus, "on the outside, outward, or foreign."
WORD FAMILY
exterior: exteriorise, exteriorize, exteriorly, exteriors+/exteriorise: exteriorisation/exteriorize: exteriorization, exteriorized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Planned work on the 161-year-old home includes mechanical system upgrades, landscape and grounds improvements, security enhancements and interior and exterior restoration work.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From the exterior, the building possesses none of Prince’s flash.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Exterior materials include stainless steel, stucco and concrete.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 外部，外面，表面，外形，外观; 外貌; [影视]外景，[戏，影视]户外布景
adj. 外面的，外部的，外表上的，表面的
分布：外部(67%)，外表(19%)，外部的(6%)，外景(4%)，表面的(3%)，户外的(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-ter, 比较级后缀，见alternate.
外部的,外形的(exter+ior表形容词,如：interior内部的)[extr(e),exter=out表示"出去"]
外部的(exter外)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
a.外部的,外面的n.外部The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
US [-'stɪr.i.ɚ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■outer; on or from the outside 外面的；外表的；外来的
• In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink. 在一些村子里，房屋外墙被漆成粉红色。
• Exterior to the main house there is a small building that could be used as an office or studio. 房屋的主要单位外有一个小屋，可以用作办公室或工作间。
⇒ See also external
UK [ɪk'stɪə.ri.ər] US [-'stɪr.i.ɚ] noun countable
■the outside part of something or someone 外部；外表；外面
• The Palace of Fontainebleau has a very grand exterior. 枫丹白露宫殿的外观雄伟壮丽。
• The exterior of the house needs painting. 房屋的外墙要漆一漆了。
• There are shutters on the exterior of the windows. 窗子外面装有百叶窗。
• Behind that cold exterior there's a passionate man. 这是个外表冷酷内心炽热的男人。
outward, outer, exterior, external, outside
这组词都有“外部的”的意思，其区别是：
outward: 多指空间关系或方向上向外的。
outer: 主要提离开中心或内部较远的，或指比较在外的。
exterior: 强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分，较正式。
external: 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容，只说明全然是外部的。
outside: 指超出某种界限之外的。
adj. 外部的；表面的；外在的
 - outer, outside, surface, facial
n. 外部；表面；外型；外貌
 - aspect, without, colour

Word: rhythmic
Front: rhythmic
[ˈrɪðmɪk] (托宝 8756/9049 -1)
Back: adj. 有韵律的，有节奏的; 格调优美的; 周期性的; 合拍的
分布：有节奏的(80%)，有韵律的(20%)
→来自 rhythm,节奏，韵律。
['rɪð.mɪk] (also rhythmical)
adjective
■describes a sound with a regular movement or beat which is repeated 有节奏的；有规律的
• the rhythmic sound of the train 火车有节奏的声音
adj. [生物] 有节奏的（等于rhythmical）；间歇的；合拍的
 - intermittent, cadent

Word: makeshift
Front: makeshift
[ˈmeɪkʃɪft] (宝 8767/11786 -1)
Vocabulary: makeshift
(once / 3047 pages)
adjn
If you have to use a garbage can lid as a sled or a set of drapes as a ball gown, then you know what it means to put together a makeshift creation. Something makeshift has been improvised, thrown together with whatever is around.
What's interesting about makeshift is the way it can vary in meaning from approval to criticism. Those people trapped in the island in Lost? They came up with some pretty cool makeshift tents and survival ideas. But a government described as makeshift, for example, probably has little going for it.
WORD FAMILY
makeshift: makeshifts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The float will be festooned with thousands of flowers beneath a giant gold crown, which will serve as a makeshift altar for the ceremony.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A makeshift memorial was installed inside the Sochi airport, and people brought candles and flowers.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Outside, a soldier in a Santa hat did pull-ups at a makeshift gym.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 权宜之计; 临时替代品
adj. 临时的; 权宜之计的; 凑合的
分布：临时的(94%)，临时替代物(6%)
→比喻用法。
【记】make作出，shift转移：对一件事情作出转移－权宜之计
adjective
■temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need 权宜的；临时代用的
• Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps. 数千个难民居住在临时帐篷里。
n. 权宜之计；凑合；临时措施；将就
 - quick fix, provisional measure
adj. 临时的；权宜之计的；凑合的
 - temporary, extraordinary, odd, occasional

Word: endlessly
Front: endlessly
['endləslɪ] (托 8760/9645)
Back: adv. 无穷地，继续地，永久地; 不已; 不休
分布：无穷尽地(50%)，不断地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
无止境的;无边无际的;无休止的
If you say that something is endless, you mean that it is very large or lasts for a very long time, and it seems as if it will never stop.
例：They turned into an endless street...他们转入一条看不到尽头的街道。
例：The war was endless.那是场无休止的战争。
adv. 不断地；无穷尽地
 - constantly, forever, continually, unceasingly, straight

Word: clutch
Front: clutch
[klʌtʃ] (研六托雅 5145/4855 -2)
Vocabulary: clutch
(once / 371 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n 4n 5n
To clutch is to grasp or hold on to tightly. Some people clutch the safety bar on the roller coaster for dear life; others throw their hands in the air.
As a noun, clutch has many meanings: a brood of chickens, a strapless purse, the extra pedal in a stick-shift car. But the verb remains a great way to describe grasping. "Once I knew only darkness and stillness . . . but a little word from the fingers of another fell into my hand that clutched at emptiness, and my heart leaped to the rapture of living,” said Helen Keller, recalling the moment she learned to read Braille.
WORD FAMILY
clutch: clutched, clutching, declutch+/declutch: declutched
USAGE EXAMPLES
Raiders left tackle Donald Penn left the game clutching his left knee but Del Rio said he thinks Penn should be fine for next week.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now the Lions may need one more clutch performance from their franchise quarterback to advance to the playoffs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower arrived Friday in Norfolk to cheers from hundreds of spouses and children clutching balloons and flowers and waving signs.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 抓紧; 紧握; 抓住; 抓取
vi. 试图抓住; 踩离合器
adj. 紧要关头的; 没有手提带的
n. 紧抓; 控制; 离合器; 紧要关头
时态：clutched, clutching, clutches
分布：离合器(82%)，抓住(8%)，企图抓住(2%)，紧要关头(2%)，爪子(1%)，关键的(1%)，踩离合器(1%)，一群(1%)，抓牢(1%)，致胜的(1%)
→词源同cling,clench.
v.抓住,攫住,掌握n.离合器The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to take or try to take hold of something tightly, usually in fear, worry or pain （通常指因恐惧、焦虑或痛苦而）紧抓，紧握
• Silent and pale, she clutched (onto) her mother's hand. 她一声不吭，面色苍白，死死抓着母亲的手。
• Clutching the money to his chest, he hurried to the bank. 他把钱紧紧捂在胸前，急急忙忙赶到了银行。
• He collapsed, clutching his stomach. 他紧紧捂着肚子，倒了下去。
[klʌtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  clutch at sth
■to try very hard to hold something 努力抓住
• Feeling herself fall, she clutched at a branch. 觉得自己要掉下去了，她伸手想抓住一根树枝。
[klʌtʃ] noun
MACHINE PART 机器零件
countable usually singular
■a device which allows turning movement to be sent from one part of a machine to another 离合器
• I've booked the car into the garage because the clutch is slipping. 我已约好了时间把车送去修理，因为离合器松了。
countable usually singular
■the pedal or handle in a vehicle that is used to operate the engine's clutch 离合器踏板；离合器手柄
• Push the clutch in , put the car into gear, rev the engine and then gently let the clutch out. 踩下离合器，挂上档，踩油门，然后慢慢松开离合器。
[klʌtʃ] noun
GROUP 群
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of eggs produced by the same bird, especially in a nest （尤指鸟巢里的）一窝蛋
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of people or things （人或物）一小群，一簇，一撮
• a fresh clutch of students 一群新学生
[klʌtʃ] noun
CONTROL 控制
sb's clutches humorous
[plural]
■the control of someone （某人的）掌控，控制
• He is in /has fallen into the clutches of that woman. 他落入了那个女人的控制之中。
grasp, grab, clasp, seize, take, clutch, grip, snatch
这组词都有“抓住，握紧”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 指紧紧抓住、抓牢。
grab: 指粗暴而急迫的抓住。
clasp: 指用手紧握或用臂紧抱。
seize: 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作。
take: 最普通用词，不带感情色彩。指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物。
clutch: 强调匆忙、紧急地抓、抓紧。
grip: 语气比grasp强，指用手的最大力量紧紧抓住。
snatch: 指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。
n. [机] 离合器；控制；手；紧急关头
 - control, hand, grasp, guiding, hold
vt. 抓住；紧握
 - grasp, noble, collar

Word: delightful
Front: delightful
[dɪˈlaɪtfl] (8762/5310 -2)
Vocabulary: delightful
(once / 173 pages)
adj
Anything delightful causes pleasure or joy. For most people, watching a puppy play is delightful.
Delight is a strong positive emotion. We feel delight when something entertains or pleases us very much. Such things can be called delightful. After weeks of cold weather, a sunny day is delightful. Making a new friend is delightful. Going to see an exciting or hilarious movie is delightful. A good cup of coffee can be delightful. This word can apply to almost anything you enjoy a lot. People who find lots of things delightful are generally pretty happy.
WORD FAMILY
delightful: delightfulest, delightfully+/ delight: delighted, delightful, delighting, delights/ delighted: delightedest, delightedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The aromatic landing of the fermented grapes is sharp, crisp, sweet, dry, delicate, delightful.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Don’t expect things to warm up past the high of 45, either — unless, of course, you’re sitting by a fire that’s so delightful.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“The house was a delightful retreat,” a man named Martin wrote in a review that he posted on the octagonal tree house’s webpage.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人非常高兴的，讨人喜欢的; 令人愉快的; 宜人
分布：令人愉快的(78%)，可喜的(22%)
adjective
■very pleasant, attractive or enjoyable 愉快的；吸引人的；有趣的
• Our new neighbours are delightful. 我们的新邻居很有趣。
• Thank you for a delightful evening. 谢谢你让我渡过了一个个常愉快的夜晚。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 可爱的，可喜的；令人愉快的
 - lovely, pleasant, pretty, taking, grateful

Word: skeptic
Front: skeptic
['skeptɪk] (研托 8771/-)
Vocabulary: skeptic
(once / 713 pages)
n
A skeptic is a doubter. The one who can't be convinced. The guy who's ready to poke holes in the most brilliant argument you've ever made.
For every great idea, there are probably 100 skeptics waiting to shoot it down. These are the naysayers that didn't think rock music would last, questioned the usefulness of seat belts, and even wondered if the internet would catch on. Coming from the Greek word skeptikos, which means "thoughtful or inquiring," it's no surprise that a skeptic is someone who asks a lot of questions — and isn't easily convinced, even by the smartest answers.
WORD FAMILY
skeptic: skeptical, skeptics+/ skeptical: skeptically, skepticism / skepticism: skepticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
He named prominent climate change skeptics to top cabinet positions, including to lead the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Skeptics, including Vice President Biden, warned of fierce backlash in Congress and in Israel itself.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There are skeptics of Ireland’s policing of corporate practices.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 怀疑者; 怀疑论者; 无神论者
adj. 怀疑性的
分布：怀疑论者(59%)，怀疑者(26%)，无神论者(15%)
→来自拉丁语 scepticus,怀疑学派，字面意思即 the sect of Skeptics,古希腊时期的一个学术派别， 来自希腊语 skeptikos,怀疑的，思考的，来自 skeptesthai,看，思考，词源同 scope,telescope. 引申词义怀疑论者，怀疑者。
【反】votary（n 信仰者）；credence（n 信任）
noun countable US for sceptic
n. 怀疑论者；怀疑者；无神论者
 - sceptic, atheist

Word: buffer
Front: buffer
[ˈbʌfə(r)] (宝 8759/6531 -1)
Vocabulary: buffer
(once / 4519 pages)
1vn 2n 3nv 4n
A buffer is an object that either softens a blow like a fender, or helps buff or shine stuff, like a nail buffer.
Buffer comes from the Old French buff, a word that imitates the sound of a blow to a soft body. A person can also be a buffer if she keeps people prone to fighting from coming in contact or hurting each other, like a teacher who separates two rowdy kids at the lunch table. A buffer state is a country between two conflicting ones that helps them better get along by creating a buffer between them — like Mongolia is for China and Russia.
WORD FAMILY
buffer: buffered, buffering, buffers+/ buff: buff-colored, buffed, buffer, buffest, buffing, buffly, buffs, rebuff / rebuff: rebuffed, rebuffing, rebuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
While there is wide support for the concept of buffers, county officials contend there is confusion and questions about the law.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The banks were stuck as they tried to maintain a fine balance between profit growth, regulatory capital buffers and net interest margins.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In India, agricultural expansion would force crops into habitats like wetlands that act as important buffers against flooding and sea-level rise.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 缓冲器; 起缓冲作用的人（或物）; [化]缓冲液，缓冲剂; [计]缓冲区
vt. 缓冲; [化]把缓冲液加入（溶液）
时态：buffered, buffering, buffers
分布：缓冲(98%)，减轻(1%)，老朽(1%)
→拟声词，模仿物体撞击护垫的声音。
US [-ɚ] noun
PROTECTION 保护
countable
■something or someone that helps protect from harm 缓冲物；起缓冲作用的人
• I bought a house as a buffer against inflation. 我买了一幢房子以缓解通货膨胀带来的影响。
countable
■the protective metal parts at the front and back of a train or at the end of a track, that reduce damage if the train hits something （火车的首尾或轨道末端的）减震器，缓冲器
countable or uncountable
■a chemical that keeps a liquid from becoming more or less acidic (= containing acid) 缓冲剂
UK ['bʌf.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
MAN 人
countable UK old-fashioned
■a silly old man 老古板
• Silly old buffer! 愚蠢的老古板！
UK ['bʌf.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to provide protection against harm 保护，使不受伤害
n. [机] [车辆] [助剂] 缓冲区； [计] 缓冲器，减震器
 - dashpot, oscillation absorber

Word: conditioner
Front: conditioner
[kənˈdɪʃənə(r)] (8763/12965)
Vocabulary: conditioner
(once / 15057 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The job of a conditioner is to make something soft. If you use conditioner after you shampoo your hair, it will feel smoother and softer.
Hair conditioner is just one kind of conditioner — you might also treat your laundry with conditioner, softening your clothes, or your water with a conditioner that improves its quality. Another kind of conditioner is one that gets you physically into condition, or fitness. This might be an exercise or a teacher or trainer who instructs you in doing the exercise. Conditioner comes from the Old French condicion, "state or behavior," from the Latin condicionem, "situation."
WORD FAMILY
conditioner: conditioners+/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned /conditioning: conditionings/ precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions/ unconditional: unconditionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dear Heloise: I am a handyman, and each year I install and remove dozens of window air conditioners.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
They also built a makeshift vegetable cooler in a shed by using an air conditioner, insulation and plywood.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It now refers to the product as “fabric conditioner,” hoping to draw a parallel to hair-conditioner as an integral part of many hair-washing regimens.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 调节器，调节装置
分布：护发素(68%)，调节器(26%)，调节装置(6%)
→来自condition, 情况。即帮助达到一个好的状况的物品，后指护发素。
US [-ɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a thick often creamy liquid which you put on and wash off your hair after you have washed it, to improve the quality and appearance of your hair 护发素
■a thick liquid which you wash clothes in to soften them （衣物）柔顺剂
• fabric conditioner 织物柔顺剂
n. [自] 调节器；调节剂；调料槽
 - adjustment, setter

Word: anticipated
Front: anticipated
[æn'tɪsɪpeɪtɪd] (8773/8625)
Vocabulary: anticipated
(once / 396 pages)
adj
If you've ever waited hopefully for an event to happen, then you know when something is anticipated. A newscaster calling out the winning numbers of your lottery ticket might be highly anticipated.
Anticipated generally came with a little bit of hope and a little bit of anxiety. If getting into college is an anticipated moment, you may feel butterflies in your stomach, even as you imagine yourself strolling across the perfectly manicured campus lawns. Anticipated can also mean that you expected something to happen and that you were therefore prepared for it. If a difficult French test is anticipated, you may have baked your teacher cookies to sweeten her up — or maybe you studied.
WORD FAMILY
anticipated: unanticipated +/ anticipate: anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, anticipative, anticipator, anticipatory / anticipation: anticipations/anticipative: anticipatively/anticipator: anticipators/ anticipatory: anticipatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bowles would not comment on his coaching staff, although changes are anticipated there as well.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The current iteration of the Second Avenue subway is both wildly more expensive and less ambitious than anticipated.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Historical data shows that shifting travel patterns should be anticipated as political and economic climates settle,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 预先考虑到; 先于…前行动; 提前支用（薪金等）
adj. 预先的; 预期的
分布：预期的(67%)，预先的(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
受期待的;让人期盼的
If an event, especially a cultural event, is eagerly anticipated, people expect that it will be very good, exciting, or interesting.
例：...the most eagerly anticipated rock event of the year.最让人殷切期盼的年度摇滚乐盛事
例：...one of the conference's most keenly anticipated debates...这次大会中受到最热烈期待的辩论之一
adj. 预期的；期望的
 - expected, due, prospective
v. 预料（anticipate的过去分词）；盼望
 - expected

Word: handgun
Front: handgun
[ˈhændgʌn] (8785/24067 -1)
Back: n. 手枪
分布：手枪(100%)
noun countable
■a gun which can be held in one hand and which does not need to be supported against the shoulder when you shoot with it 手枪
n. 手枪
 - betsy, pistol

Word: covert
Front: covert
[ˈkʌvət] (宝 8772/11398 -1)
Vocabulary: covert
(once / 963 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3n
Covert means secret or hidden. Soldiers might take part in a covert mission to infiltrate an enemy camp — and you might take part in a covert mission to steal your brother's leftover Halloween candy.
Covert is the opposite of overt, which means obvious, or in full view. Covert things are hidden, private, or stealthy. It comes from the Old French covert, or "covered." A covert bag of chips you've snuck into the movie theater might literally be covered, hidden under your coat, while a covert plan to throw your dad a surprise party is just a secret.
WORD FAMILY
covert: covertly, covertness, coverts
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This covert action by the Nixon campaign,” he said, “laid the ground for the skulduggery of his presidency.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Special Forces in El Salvador in the 1980s and provided the identities of four U.S. covert intelligence officers working in Cuba.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“But I’m not yet seeing such impacts on their covert activities.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 隐蔽的，不公开的，秘密的; 偷偷摸摸的; 在丈夫保护下的
n. 遮蔽处，树丛
分布：隐蔽的(49%)，偷偷摸摸的(14%)，树丛(12%)，覆羽(9%)，隐密的(9%)，掩蔽物(7%)
→来自cover, 覆盖。
【记】cover（v 覆盖），t它－盖住的－秘密的
【参】overt（adj 公开的）
【反】open（adj 坦率的；公开的）
US [ˈkoʊ.vɜ˞ːt]
    UK [-ˈ-/
■hidden or secret 隐蔽的；隐秘的；秘密的
• covert actions 秘密活动
• The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime. 该政府被指责有秘密军事组织推翻这一政权的行动。
Compare overt
noun countable UK [ˈkʌv.ət] US [-ə˞t/
■a group of bushes and small trees growing close together in which animals can hide, especially from hunters （尤指动物为躲避猎人而藏身的）丛林，小树丛
n. [生态] 隐藏处；树丛；蔽覆羽翮基部的羽毛
 - bosque, boskage
adj. 隐蔽的；隐密的；偷偷摸摸的；在丈夫保护下的
 - concealed, secluded

Word: wrongdoing
Front: wrongdoing
[ˈrɒŋdu:ɪŋ] (8769/20158 -1)
Back: n. 坏事，不道德的行为; 犯罪
分布：不法行为(47%)，不道德行为(28%)，坏事(25%)
US ['rɑ:ŋ-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when you behave badly or illegally 做坏事；违法犯罪
• She has strenuously denied any criminal wrongdoing. 她坚决否认有任何违法行为。
n. 坏事；不道德的行为
 - bad, rascality

Word: aerobic
Front: aerobic
[eəˈrəʊbɪk] (8770/16549)
Vocabulary: aerobic
(once / 16103 pages)
1adj 2adj
When you run for a mile, and start breathing hard, get your blood pounding and your heart rate up, you are doing aerobic exercise: exercise that depends on and consumes oxygen.
We are aerobic creatures because we breathe air in order to live, and aerobic describes anything that uses oxygen to survive. Most of the time, this word is connected to exercise: activity that increases the rate at which your body uses oxygen. There is an entire exercising industry — quite the craze in the 80s — known simply as aerobics. Aerobics consists of dance moves and jumping exercises designed to get your blood flowing and your heart rate up.
WORD FAMILY
aerobic: aerobically, aerobics
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to aerobic activities, ensure that you are incorporating muscle- and bone-strengthening activities as well.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The higher the number, the greater a person’s aerobic fitness.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
While about half of Americans meet the goals for aerobic exercise, only 20% do the recommended muscle-strengthening activities that work major muscle groups.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 需氧的，有氧的; 有氧健身的，增氧健身法
分布：需氧的(55%)，有氧的(29%)，增氧健身法的(16%)
→词根aero, 空气。 -b同词根bio, 生命，见biology, 生物。存活生命的空气，即氧气。
ADJ-GRADED
有氧健身的
Aerobic activity exercises and strengthens your heart and lungs.
例：Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat.有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
adj. [生物] [环境] 需氧的；增氧健身法的
 - oxybiotic

Word: same-sex
Front: same-sex
None None
Back: 同性别的
分布：同一性别的(50%)，同性的(50%)
adjective
■A same-sex relationship, marriage, etc. is a romantic relationship between two men, or between two women. 同性的

Word: goodwill
Front: goodwill
[ˌgʊdˈwɪl] (宝 8768/6487 -2)
Vocabulary: goodwill
(once / 1766 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun goodwill just the way it sounds, to describe friendliness or helpfulness. Giving your subway seat to an elderly man is a gesture of goodwill.
Goodwill can also be spelled as two separate words, good will, but either way it joins good, from the Old English word for "virtuous," god, and will, in Old English willa, or "wish." So when you wish someone well — when you feel friendly or compassionate — you have goodwill toward that person.
WORD FAMILY
goodwill: goodwills
USAGE EXAMPLES
I think about this when I hear songs of peace and goodwill and wonder how one honors these ideals now.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Belarus is marking the season of goodwill by sending Santa Claus a tax bill, it's reported.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“Merry Christmas” is an expression of goodwill, not a litmus test for determining who does, or does not, support a Christian religion.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 友好，亲善; 好感，青睐; （企业的）信誉，声誉; 商誉
分布：善意(38%)，商誉(34%)，友好(19%)，信誉(8%)，亲切(1%)
【反】rancor（n 深仇；怨恨）；spleen（n 坏脾气）
noun uncountable
■friendly and helpful feelings 善意，友善，友好，亲善
• The school has to rely on the goodwill of the parents to help it raise money. 这所学校要依赖学生家长们的声誉来帮助筹款。
• Releasing the hostages has been seen as a gesture of goodwill/a goodwill gesture. 释放人质被视为表示友好的姿态。
n. [贸易] 商誉；友好；好意
 - kindness, amity

Word: candidacy
Front: candidacy
[ˈkændɪdəsi] (宝 8782/17482 -1)
Back: n. 候选人资格; 候选人的地位
分布：候选资格(89%)，候选人的地位(11%)
【源】原指穿白衣服的人：古罗马寻求得到官职的人（candidate候选人）所穿的就是白色宽外袍。
['kæn.dɪ.də.si/ (UK also candidature)
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■the fact of being a candidate (= a person competing for a position) in an election 候选，候选人资格（或身分）
• She is expected to announce officially her candidacy for president early next week. 预计她会在下周初正式宣布成为总统候选人。

Word: perpetual
Front: perpetual
[pəˈpetʃuəl] (研六雅宝 8766/8450 -1)
Vocabulary: perpetual
(once / 236 pages)
adj
Use the adjective perpetual to describe something that never ends or changes. If you're a perpetual procrastinator, your dilly-dallying ways are never going to improve.
It may be true that the only constant is change, but English nevertheless has no shortage of words to describe things that never change: everlasting, eternal, and permanent, for example — and this word, perpetual, from the Latin perpetuus, "continuous." In casual usage, though, you might hear someone say "This perpetual bad weather needs to clear." Maybe it should come as no surprise to find people using the word to describe things that are not truly everlasting — since so few things really are.
WORD FAMILY
perpetual: perpetually, perpetuity +/ perpetuity: perpetuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
This poet is, for me, a perpetual inspiration.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But Kerry was also right when he said that “the status quo is leading towards one state and perpetual occupation.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
"The status quo is leading towards one state and perpetual occupation," he said.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 永久的; 不断的; 无期限的; 四季开花的
分布：永久的(55%)，永恒的(43%)，一再往复的(2%)
→来自perpetuate,使持续。
永久的(per+pet+ual)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
a.永久的,永恒的,长期的The competent petitioner thinks the perpetual impetus is petty.有能力的请愿者认为永久的动力是细小的.
【记】per全部，pet宠物，ual：全部宠物都是我们永远的朋友－永远的
【反】evanescent（adj 短暂易逝的）；intermittent（adj 间歇的）；ephemeral（adj 短暂的）；transitory（adj 短时间的）
US [pɚ'petʃ-] adjective
■continuing forever in the same way 永久的，永恒的；长期的
• They lived in perpetual fear of being discovered and arrested. 他们长期生活在恐惧中，担心被发现并遭到拘捕。
• He has hard, cold eyes and his mouth is set in a perpetual sneer. 他双眼又凶又冷，嘴角总是挂着一丝蔑笑。
• a perpetual student 终身学习者
■often repeated 不断重复的；永无休止的
• perpetual vandalism 对公共财物不断的蓄意破坏
permanent, eternal, perpetual, everlasting, endless
这些形容词均有“持久的，永久的”之意。
permanent: 指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。
eternal: 语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。
perpetual: 语气最强，指保持永久不变，没有中断的行为，永无止境地持续下去。有时用于贬义，指令人厌烦之事。
everlasting: 语气较庄重，有时可与eternal换用，侧重持续不尽，或指开始后一直进行下去。
endless: 系日常用词，指无尽无休。
adj. 永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的
 - permanent, ceaseless, loud

Word: baseman
Front: baseman
[ˈbeɪsmæn] (8797/-)
Back: n. 一（二、三）垒手，守垒员
分布：名词(100%)
n. 守垒员，垒手
 - sacker

Word: scout

Word: improvise
Front: improvise
[ˈɪmprəvaɪz] (托雅宝 8778/11922 -1)
Vocabulary: improvise
(once / 1124 pages)
v
To improvise means to make something up on the spot, or figure it out as you go. "Our boss decided to improvise his speech at our company meeting and when he started going off-topic, everyone could tell he hadn't prepared in advance."
Improvise comes from the Latin word improvisus, meaning "unforeseen, unexpected." Think about when something unexpected happens to you — you have no choice but to react in the moment, or improvise. Another meaning for improvise refers to acting onstage without a script. When actors improvise scenes for an audience, they create funny situations as they go, without having anything pre-planned. The Second City theater in Chicago made this type of comedy famous, with many well-known alumni like Tina Fey and Stephen Colbert.
WORD FAMILY
improvise: improvisation, improvised, improvises, improvising+/ improvisation: improvisations
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
We now live in a world of half-hearted Curb imitators, all labouring under the delusion that Curb was nothing but floridly improvised swearwords.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In another scene, he offers some dead-on lines, a number of them improvised, at a dinner-table conversation about menstruation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 即兴创作; 临时提供，临时凑成
时态：improvised, improvising, improvises
分布：即兴创作(61%)，即兴表演(23%)，临时准备(16%)
→im-,不，非，-provise,准备，词源同provide.即没准备，临时做的，即兴准备。
【记】im不，pro前，vise看－不提前看稿子－即席创作im不，provise＝provide（v 提供）－不提供稿子－即席创作
【反】rite（n 惯例；仪式）－improvised act（即兴表演）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to invent or make something, such as a speech or a device, at the time when it is needed without already having planned it 临时做；即兴做
• I hadn't prepared a speech so I suddenly had to improvise. 我没有准备演讲，所以突然之间我只好即兴讲几句。
• To sleep on, we improvised a mattress from a pile of blankets. 为了能有地方睡觉，我们临时用一堆毯子作床垫。
■When actors or musicians improvise, they perform without fixed speech or music, making it up as they perform it （演员）即兴表演；（音乐家）即兴创作
• During certain scenes of the play there isn't any script and the actors just improvise (the dialogue). 这出戏有几场没有剧本，演员就即兴表演（对白）。
vi. 即兴创作；即兴表演；临时凑合
 - extemporize

Word: facet
Front: facet
[ˈfæsɪt] (六托雅宝 8774/8768 -1)
Vocabulary: facet
(once / 5462 pages)
1n 2n
A facet is one side or aspect of something. If you’re thinking about quitting your day job to become a circus performer, you should first consider every facet of what your new life would be like.
Facet, which is related to the word face, can also refer to one of the flat “faces” of a diamond or other gem. This was the word’s original definition, and it was evidently seen as an apt metaphor for one side of a complex idea. When a problem has many parts to consider (or when it’s just a huge mess), you can describe it as multifaceted.
WORD FAMILY
facet: facets
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the light she shines on her father’s identity illuminates facets of her own.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Here’s a look at where Michigan’s new gas tax ranks nationally and at other facets of the $1.2 billion transportation spending plan:
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But the most striking facet of the Golden Eagles is their depth.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小平面; 侧面，方面; （昆虫的）小眼面; [建]柱槽筋
vt. 在…上琢面
分布：方面(76%)，小平面(12%)，刻面(12%)
→来自face, 脸。-et, 小词后缀。
平面;(东西的)一面(fac+et→像脸的一面→平面,表面)[fac,fic=face,表示"脸,面"]
【记】face脸，et小：小脸－小平面
noun countable
■one part of a subject, situation, etc. that has many parts （问题、形势等的）方面，部分
• She has so many facets to her personality. 她的性格具有多面性。
■one of the small flat surfaces cut on a precious stone （宝石的）琢面，小平面
n. 面；方面；小平面
 - aspect, side, respect

Word: collegiate
Front: collegiate
[kəˈli:dʒiət] (8794/22840 -1)
Vocabulary: collegiate
(once / 2636 pages)
adj
Collegiate describes anything to do with college life or college students. You might refer to the leagues in which college athletes compete as collegiate sports, or to students studying chemistry as collegiate scientists.
While college is a noun, collegiate is an adjective used to describe anything associated with college. The word collegiate was once associated with the idea of ivy-covered walls and impeccably-dressed students earnestly discussing philosophy and art. Nowadays, it can just as easily refer to political demonstrations and raucous behavior, as all have become part of the collegiate world.
WORD FAMILY
collegiate: collegiately, intercollegiate
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Miami native wrapped up his collegiate career with an impressive Orange Bowl performance.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Carpenter played collegiately at Virginia Tech before recording 165 tackles and 14 interceptions in his six-year NFL career with the Buffalo Bills and Atlanta Falcons.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
The graduate transfer, who was a Texas prep standout, ends his collegiate career starting at QB for North Texas in a bowl.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 学院的，大学的; 高校学生的; 大学程度的; 集体组织的
分布：大学的(44%)，学院的(32%)，大学生的(24%)
学院的;学生的(col+legi读+ate→共同读书→学院的)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
大学的(college学院)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
US [-dʒɪt] adjective
■of or belonging to a college or its students 大学的，学院的；大学生的
• a collegiate theatre 大学戏院
• collegiate sports 大学体育
■UK
■formed of colleges 下设学院的，由学院组成的
• Oxford and Cambridge are both collegiate universities. 牛津和剑桥都是由许多学院组成的综合性大学。
adj. 大学的；学院的；大学生的
 - academic, undergraduate

Word: beckon
Front: beckon
[ˈbekən] (宝 8776/8934 -1)
Vocabulary: beckon
(once / 617 pages)
v
To beckon is to use a physical gesture to call someone over to you. Universally recognized gestures used to beckon include crooking the finger or nodding the head to invite someone over.
We get the word beckon from the Old English gebecnian, meaning "to make a mute sign," which comes from bēacen, meaning "a sign or beacon." (Remember that "beacon" is a noun while beckon is a verb). When you beckon to someone, you give them a physical sign to "come here." Figuratively, an ice cream sundae might beckon you, calling you away from your diet.
WORD FAMILY
beckon: beckoned, beckoning, beckons
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will be no more reports of sylvan clowns beckoning children into the woods with dollar bills.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But like a Siren’s song, the wine industry beckoned to the brothers and their combined 12 years in the business.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
He is posing for photographs with a team of Japanese journalists as I arrive; an evening function beckons after I leave.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （用头或手的动作）示意，召唤
时态：beckoned, beckoning, beckons
分布：召唤(59%)，吸引(36%)，示意某人按自己的指示行动(5%)
→词源同beacon, 灯塔。原指发光，吸引。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to move your hand or head in a way that tells someone to come nearer （向…）点头或招手，（向…）打手势
• The customs official beckoned the woman to his counter. 海关官员示意那妇人到他桌前来。
• "Hey you!", she called, beckoning me over with her finger. “嘿，我在叫你呢！”她喊道，并用手指示意我过去。
• He beckoned to me, as if he wanted to speak to me. 他给我打手势，好像是要跟我说甚么。
intransitive
■If something beckons, it attracts people 吸引；引诱
• For many young people, the bright lights of London beckon, though a lot of them end up sleeping on the streets. 尽管其中许多人最终落得要露宿街头，但伦敦璀璨的灯火仍旧吸引许多年轻人。
intransitive
■If an event or achievement beckons, it is likely to happen 有可能发生；召唤
• She's an excellent student, for whom a wonderful future beckons. 她是个优秀的学生，美妙的前程在召唤她。
vt. 召唤；吸引
 - attract, absorb, engage, draw, summon
vi. 吸引；（招手或点头）示意
 - attract, turn one on
n. 表召唤的点头；手势
 - motion, sign

Word: assortment
Front: assortment
[əˈsɔ:tmənt] (托 8790/11209 -1)
Vocabulary: assortment
(once / 2355 pages)
n
An assortment is a collection of things that aren't the same. An assortment of chocolates might have some that are filled with coconut, caramel, or nuts. Yum.
An assortment is a bunch different things all together whether they’re the same sort or not. An assortment of nuts is a bunch of different nuts, such as cashews, peanuts, and almonds. If you have books, candy bars, action figures, photos, and paper clips on your desk, you have an assortment of things. A store that sells a wide variety of products offers an assortment. If you love choices, assortments are for you.
WORD FAMILY
assortment: assortments+/assort: assorted, assorting, assortment, assorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those were turbulent times and an assortment of economic, racial and political issues divided the country that concluded the Civil War in 1865.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
He received an assortment of gifts, including lodging and tickets to the 2017 Hall of Fame Game.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This week: A small assortment of shows to help you ring in the new year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 分类; 搭配; 花色品种; 混合物
分布：杂烩(100%)
分类,各种各样(assort把...分类+ment)[sort=kind,表示"种类"]
US [-'sɔ:rt-] noun countable usually singular
■a group of different types of something 各种各样；混合；杂锦
• an assortment of vegetables 杂菜
• An unlikely assortment of rock stars and politicians attended the charity concert. 平常日子很少一起出现的摇滚歌星和政界人士共同参加了慈善义演。
n. [生物] 分类；混合物
 - classification, category, mixture, hybrid, mix

Word: Navajo

Word: subside
Front: subside
[səbˈsaɪd] (托雅宝 8793/8751 -1)
Vocabulary: subside
(once / 551 pages)
v
To subside is to die down or become less violent, like rough ocean waves after a storm has passed (or your seasickness, if you happened to be sailing on that ocean).
Subside comes from the Latin prefix sub- (meaning "down") and the Latin verb sidere (meaning "to settle"). Subside is often used when a negative situation has improved significantly. For example, violence, disease, and unemployment can all subside. Here's hoping that they do.
WORD FAMILY
subside: subsided, subsidence, subsides, subsiding+/subsidence: subsidences/subsiding: subsidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gariev said that as he and his allies turned their attention away from domestic politics, raids by the police also subsided.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The debate between liberalism and republicanism, especially active in the 1970s, eventually subsided.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The final section was dominated by long sustained chords that would crescendo and then subside into almost inaudible calm.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 减弱，平息; （洪水）退去，（热度）消退; 沉下去; 坐下
时态：subsided, subsiding, subsides
分布：平息(72%)，下陷(20%)，沉没(8%)
→sub-,在下，向下，-sid,坐，词源同 sit,sedentary.即坐下去的，引申比喻义沉降，下陷等。
下陷;平息(sub+terr地＋anean→地下的)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
沉淀;平息(sub下+side→坐下去→沉淀)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
【记】sub下面，side坐－坐下去－下陷
【反】promote（v 促进）；withhold pressure（不给压力）
verb intransitive
LESS STRONG 较弱
■If a condition subsides, it becomes less strong or extreme （状况）趋于平缓，平息
• The police are hoping that the violence will soon subside. 警方希望暴力事件会很快平息。
• As the pain in my foot subsided, I was able to walk the short distance to the car. 我的脚没那么痛了，我能够勉强走一小段路，走到车旁。
[səb'saɪd] verb intransitive
LOWER LEVEL 下沉
■If a building, land or water subsides, it goes down to a lower level （建筑物、地面或水面）下沉，下陷，沉降
• There is a danger that many homes will subside because of the drought. 由于干旱，很多房子面临下陷的危险。
• Eventually the flood waters began to subside. 洪水终于开始消退了。
vi. 平息；减弱；沉淀；坐下
 - fall, settle, lower, cool, deposit

Word: illicit
Front: illicit
[ɪˈlɪsɪt] (托宝 8764/11491 -1)
Vocabulary: illicit
(once / 1499 pages)
adj
Illicit means not allowed by law or custom. It's illegal to kill endangered elephants, but many poachers still engage in the Illicit ivory trade.
Illicit usually refers to something that is not morally proper or acceptable, such as an illicit love affair. Illicit is from Latin illicitus, from the prefix in- "not" plus licitus "lawful."
WORD FAMILY
illicit: illicitly, illicitness+/ licit: illicit, liciter, licitly, licitness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Baseball officials refused to confront the problem for years, then became more aggressive than other pro leagues in policing the use of illicit drugs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In many cases, that legal traffic morphed into massive illicit immigration.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There was also a realization that China’s key role in the illicit ivory trade was damaging its image in Africa.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 法律不许可的，非法的; 不正当的
分布：非法的(52%)，不正当的(27%)，违禁的(21%)
→il-,不，非，licit,合法的。
不合法的(il不+licit[=liven]→不允许→不合法的)[licen=allow,表示"允许"]
【记】i1不，licit（adj 合法的；正当的）一违法的
adjective
■illegal or disapproved of by society 非法的；违禁的；社会不容许的
• illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis 古柯碱和大麻之类的违禁药物
• the illicit trade in stolen vehicles 非法的赃车交易
• an illicit love affair 不正当的恋情
adj. 违法的；不正当的
 - illegal, transgressive

Word: Buddhist
Front: Buddhist
['bʊdɪst] (高 8787/15480 -1)
Vocabulary: Buddhist
(once / 988 pages)
nadj
A Buddhist is someone who practices Buddhism, the religion based on teachings of the Buddha. There are many Buddhists living in Thailand.
The Buddha is a religious figure who lived sometime between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE, and a Buddhist is a person whose beliefs and traditions are based on stories about his life. There are many different branches of Buddhism, each with their own typical practices, but most Buddhists use meditation to achieve a calm focus and follow similar ethical rules. The Sanskrit root of Buddhist is Bauddha, which means "follower of the Buddha."
WORD FAMILY
Buddhist: Buddhists+/Buddhism: Buddhisms, Buddhist, Buddhistic/Buddhistic: Buddhistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Cambridge Buddhist Centre on Newmarket Road might look like a typical Georgian terraced house, but the inside is far from ordinary.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“I promise the Chianti will be flowing from lunch on,” said Ms. Berry, a Buddhist who observes the concept of moderation rather than deprivation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Along the way he became an ordained Buddhist priest and meditation teacher.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 佛教徒
adj. 佛教的
分布：佛教的(53%)，佛教徒(47%)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■someone who believes in Buddhism 佛教徒

Word: slipper
Front: slipper
[ˈslɪpə(r)] (研四六托 8779/9057 -1)
Back: n. 拖鞋，（室内）便鞋; （马车的）煞车，[机]滑动部分，滑屐; （小孩的）围兜，放猎狗的猎人
v. （用拖鞋）打（孩子等）; 穿着拖鞋走
分布：拖鞋(100%)
→slip,滑出，滑动，-er,表物。用于指拖鞋，便鞋。
n.便鞋,拖鞋With his lips the sly fly clipped the slippery slipper that eclipsed his sight.狡猾的苍蝇用嘴唇夹住遮挡他视线的滑拖鞋.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a type of soft comfortable shoe for wearing inside the house 拖鞋
• a pair of slippers 一双拖鞋
n. 拖鞋
 - baboosh, pantofle, chinela

Word: three-dimensional
Front: three-dimensional
[θri: dɪ'menʃənəl] (托 -1)
Back: adj. 三维的; 立体的; 空间的; 三度
分布：立体的(46%)，三维的(36%)，生动的(9%)，三度的(9%)
[ˌθri:.daɪ'ment.ʃən.əl] (abbreviation 3-D)
adjective
■having or appearing to have three dimensions (= length, width, and height) and therefore looking real 三维的，立体的
• The picture had a three-dimensional effect. 这幅图有三维效果。
adj. 三维的； [数] 立体的；真实的
 - actual, sincere, solid, positive, true

Word: challenger
Front: challenger
[ˈtʃælɪndʒə(r)] (8781/9110)
Vocabulary: challenger
(once / 1936 pages)
n
Challengers don’t let things stay the way they are, they go against something already in place, like a rule or the score on the scoreboard. Or they go after the same thing you may want, like victory in a competition or even the parking spot you were waiting for.
In earlier history, during the Middle Ages, a challenger was mostly a dreaded foe or someone who wanted to fight to the death with a sword. Some challengers want to challenge the truth or rightness of something, and that can be pretty serious too. In modern times, though, the word challenger often describes competitors who want to challenge each other in sports, on TV game shows, or in arguments. These challengers enjoy the challenge itself.
WORD FAMILY
challenger: challengers+/ challenge: challengeable, challenged, challenger, challenges, challenging, counterchallenge/challengeable: unchallengeable/challenged: unchallenged/ challenging: challengingly/unchallengeable: unchallengeably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But prior to Friday’s bout, one foreboding figure loomed for the challenger.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The challenger wants the final word to be his decisive punch to Cruz’s face.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He easily defeated a Republican challenger this year after a 2,700-vote squeaker in 2014, the same year Hogan defeated Democrat Anthony Brown.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 挑战者; 夺标者
分布：挑战者(99%)，需要全力对付的事物(1%)
US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
■someone who tries to win a competition, fight or sports event from someone who has previously won it 挑战者
n. 挑战者
 - defier

Word: disarm
Front: disarm
[dɪsˈɑ:m] (托宝 8775/11775 -1)
Vocabulary: disarm
(once / 720 pages)
v
When you disarm someone, you take their weapons away from them. An archery instructor might, for example, disarm a student if he wasn't handling his bow and arrow carefully.
To disarm is to remove a gun, knife — or any kind of weapon — from someone's hands, or from a group of people. A government might work to disarm a rebel group, for example, and police officers sometimes offer to pay money for guns in an attempt to disarm citizens. You can also use the verb to mean "win someone over," like when you disarm a cranky store cashier with your friendly smile. Disarm has an Old French root word, desarmer.
WORD FAMILY
disarm: disarmament, disarmed, disarmer, disarming, disarms+/ arm: armament, armed, armful, arming, armless, armlet, armlike, armor, arms, disarm, forearm, overarm, re-arm, rearm, unarm, underarm/ armament: armaments/ armful: armfuls/arming: armings/armlet: armlets/ armor: armored, armorer, armoring, armors/armored: unarmored/armorer: armorers/disarmament: disarmaments/disarmer: disarmers/ disarming: disarmingly, disarmings/forearm: forearmed, forearming, forearms/rearm: rearmament, rearmed, rearming, rearms/rearmament: rearmaments/unarm: unarmed, unarming, unarms/underarm: underarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
His sense of humor is disarming, as he pivots from comical to solemn in a split-second.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“If the government provides security and asks us to put down our weapons, we will disarm,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
They heard the shot and disarmed him at Mueller Park Junior High School in Bountiful, about 11 miles north of Salt Lake City.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 裁军; 解除武装; 放下武器
vt. 使缴械; 使息怒; 解除武装; 缓和
时态：disarmed, disarming, disarms
分布：解除武装(41%)，放下武器(28%)，裁军(24%)，缓和(7%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。arm, 武装，军备竞赛。即解除武装，裁军。
解除武装(dis+arm武装→去掉武装)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
解除武器(dis去掉+arm→去掉武器)[arm=weapon,表示"武器"]
【记】dis消除，arm武装－缴械
【反】put on guard（警戒）；bait（v 折磨打击）
US [-'sɑ:rm] verb
REMOVE WEAPONS 拿走武器
intransitive or transitive
■to take weapons away from someone, or to give up weapons or armies 缴…的械；解除…的武装；交出武器；裁军
• With one movement, she disarmed the man and pinned him against the wall. 她一下子就缴了那男子的械，并把他按到墙上。
• Many politicians argued that this was no time to disarm (= give up the country's weapons and army). 很多政治家争辩说现在不是交出国家的武器和军队的时候。
• Experts successfully managed to disarm the bomb (= stop it from exploding). 专家们成功地拆除了炸弹的引信。
UK [dɪ'sɑ:m] US [-'sɑ:rm] verb
PERSONALITY 个性
transitive
■to make someone like you, especially when they had not expected to （尤指出乎意料地）使产生好感
• His frankness completely disarmed her. 他的坦率彻底征服了她。
vt. 解除武装；裁军；缓和
 - relax, demilitarize

Word: quiz
Front: quiz
[kwɪz] (高研四六 8784/9113 -1)
Vocabulary: quiz
(once / 2406 pages)
nv
A quiz is a short series of questions with a quick result. A magazine quiz might tell a reader if "he's into you," or a pop quiz in English class will let your teacher know how far you got (or didn't get) in last night's reading.
As a verb, quiz means to ask a series of questions. A teacher might quiz his students on the material covered in lecture the day before. A mother might quiz her son as to his plans for after school. The questioning meaning of the noun and verb came into use in the mid-nineteenth century, possibly influence by words like inquisitive. Before that, quiz could refer to an odd or unconventional person, a meaning which eventually gave rise to quizzical, still in use today.
WORD ROUTES
Here's a Pop Quiz: Where the Heck Did "Quiz" Come From?
Quiz is a word with a background so baffling it might make you feel a bit quizzical. For the latest installment of Slate's Lexicon Valley podcast, I delve into the mysterious origins of quiz and its long-forgotten brother quoz.
Our current understanding of quiz, as a noun meaning "a short test" or a corresponding verb "to test one's knowledge," only dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, mostly cropping up in American usage (as in an 1867 letter from William James referring to "'quizzes' in anatomy and physiology"). In that sense, quiz had a resemblance to such questioning words as inquire, inquisition, and inquisitive. There was even a verb inquisite, shortened in some dialects to quiset, meaning "to question," that likely influenced the semantic development of the word.
But back in the 1780s, the word quiz first emerged with a different meaning, referring to an odd or eccentric person or thing. It may have originated at schoolboy slang; in 1782, the English essayist Vicesimus Knox relayed that at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, those who "take a pleasure in conversing on letters" were "solitary mortals" stigmatized as quizzes, suggesting that quizzes were originally something like proto-nerds.
As I explain on Lexicon Valley, I've long been intrigued by the origins of quiz because of a bit of word-lore attached to it. As the story goes, quiz was the result of a bet involving the Dublin theater owner Richard Daly, who accepted a challenge to concoct and popularize a new word. I've managed to find versions of this story in British newspapers dating back to 1835. An introduction was given, illustrating that the origins of quiz were just as murky then as now:
Very few words ever took such a run, or were saddled with so many meanings, as this monosyllable; and, however strange the word, 'tis still more strange that not one of our lexicographers, from Bailey to Johnson, ever attempted an explanation, or gave a derivation of it. The reason is very obvious: it is because it has no meaning, nor is it derived from any language in the world ever known, from the Babylonish confusion to this day.
Then followed the tale of Daly and the apocryphal wager:
When Richard Daly was patentee of the Irish theatres he spent the evening of a Saturday in company with many of the wits and men of fashion of the day; gambling was introduced, when the manager staked a large sum that he would have spoken, all through the principal streets of Dublin, by a certain hour next day, Sunday, a word having no meaning, and being derived from no known language — wagers were laid, and stakes deposited. Daly repaired to the theatre, and dispatched all the servants and supernumeraries with the word "Quiz," which they chalked on every door and shop window in town. Shops being shut all next day, every body going to and coming from their different places of worship saw the word, and every body repeated it, so that "quiz" was heard all through Dublin; the circumstance of so strange a word being on every door and window caused much surprise, and ever since should a strange story be attempted to be passed current, it draws forth the expression — you are quizzing me.
—The Leeds Times, Jan. 17, 1835
A year after this story circulated in 1835, it found its way into a dictionary, Walker Remodelled: a New Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, by B.H. Smart. Later, in 1875, an Irish police magistrate named Frank Thorpe Porter published a meticulously detailed version of the Daly story in his memoir Gleanings and Reminiscences. By that time, all of the participants in the purported bet were conveniently dead. And while Porter's account is compelling, it's fatally undermined by the fact that he fixes the date of the bet as Aug. 21, 1791, by which time the word quiz had already been circulating for about a decade.
As I dug deeper, I discovered that the story of the bet was first attached to a slightly different word: not quiz but quoz, with the wager said to have taken place in London, not Dublin. There are references to quoz being chalked up around the city of London in Thomas Paine's 1792 tract The Rights of Man, as well as the second volume of Charles Mackay's fascinating work, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.
Many years ago the favourite phrase ... was Quoz. This odd word took the fancy of the multitude in an extraordinary degree, and very soon acquired an almost boundless meaning. When vulgar wit wished to mark its incredulity, and raise a laugh at the same time, there was no resource so sure as this popular piece of slang. When a man was asked a favour which he did not choose to grant, he marked his sense of the suitor’s unparalleled presumption by exclaiming Quoz! When a mischievous urchin wished to annoy a passenger, and create mirth for his comrades, he looked him in the face, and cried out Quoz! and the exclamation never failed in its object... Every alehouse resounded with Quoz; every street-corner was noisy with it, and every wall for miles around was chalked with it.
—Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, Vol. II, 1852
By searching through databases of British newspapers, I was able to pinpoint exactly when quoz-mania hit London: in August 1789, when the similar word quiz was still very new. And the earliest news report that I have found gives its origin in, you guessed it, a bet:
Quoz. This queer word originated, we understand, in a bet. Two Gentlemen betted a dinner, to be given by the loser, at the London Tavern, that one of them should fix upon any odd absurd expression, which should, in a given time, become the Town Talk. The other laid he did not. QUOZ was the word chosen; and the bet has been acknowledged to be lost. The WINNER began by writing, with chalk, the word QUOZ, upon various doors. Future wits and more ingenious heads, improved on the idea, and added various other strokes of humour to the original QUOZ.
—The World (London), Aug. 15, 1789
In the weeks that followed, there were many paeans to quoz, none more lyrical than a song written and performed by John Edwin at London's Theatre Royal. Here are a few verses:
Hey for buckish words, for phrases we've a passion
Immensly great and little once, were all the fashion;
Hum'd, and then humbuz'ed, twaddle tippy poz;
All have had their day; but now must yield to QUOZ.
Walk about the town, each time you turn your head, Sir,
Pop staring in your phiz, is Q, U, O, and Z, Sir:
Cried, Madam Dip to deary, its monstrous scandaloz
To write on peoples shutters that shameful, nasty, Quoz...
Some may think it French, some may call it Latin,
Some give in this meaning, other will give that in:
Mean it what it will, or sense or non compos,
The meaning, I should think — the meaning must be Quoz.
—Diary or Woodfall's Register, Sept. 5, 1789
The rage for quoz quickly died out, and the folklore of the bet instead got attached to quiz, the word that survived the neologizing heyday of the 1780s. But I feel that quoz is due for a comeback. Could we revive it by chalking it up all over town in a 21st-century style, by turning it into a hashtag on Twitter? Go forth and spread the good word: #quoz!
WORD FAMILY
quiz: quizzed, quizzer, quizzes, quizzing+/quizzer: quizzers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Every week, Strain-Japan’s staff meet to discuss teaching strategies and quiz and test results, student by student.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hoping for more clear-cut results, here is the Eighth Annual Washington Region’s Predictions Quiz for 2017.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Researchers in Ghana also found that text message quizzes improved girls’ understanding of reproductive health, resulting in fewer reported pregnancies.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 提问，询问; 小型考试; 简单的小测验; 恶作剧
vt. 盘问; 挖苦; 进行测试; 张望
时态：quizzed, quizzing, quizzes
分布：测验(77%)，盘问(8%)，恶作剧(7%)，问答比赛(7%)，对 ... 进行测验(1%)
→可能来自拉丁语qui es,你是谁，来自qui,谁，词源同who,es,是，词源同is.原为过去拉丁语 语法考试时问考生的第一个问题。后用于指小测试，小考试。
n.小型考试,测验,问答比赛The teacher has a quiz on last week's work.教师测验了学生上星期的功课.
noun countable (plural quizzes)
 ADVANCED
■a game or competition in which you answer questions 问答比赛，智力竞赛
• a history/sport, etc. quiz 历史/体育知识等问答竞赛
• There are so many inane television quiz shows. 电视上有那么多愚蠢的智力竞赛节目。
• UK A lot of pubs have quiz nights once or twice a week. 许多酒吧每周都会有一两次的智力竞赛之夜。
 ADVANCED mainly US
■a short informal test 测验，考察
• There was a pop (= surprise) quiz in history at school today. 今天的历史课上进行了突击测验。
[kwɪz] verb transitive (-zz-)
■to ask someone questions about something 查问，提问
• She spent an hour being quizzed by journalists. 她花了一小时时间回答记者的提问。
examination, test, quiz, exam
这组词都有“考试”的意思，其区别是：
examination: 通常指为检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试，有时也指临时考试。
test: 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。
quiz: 指时间较短，随时进行的口头或书面的非正式测验。
exam: 系examination的缩略形式，口语用词，通俗。
n. 考查；恶作剧；课堂测验
 - trick, mischief
vt. 挖苦；张望；对…进行测验
 - dig at, test for

Word: impede
Front: impede
[ɪmˈpi:d] (托雅宝 8791/9652 -1)
Vocabulary: impede
(once / 644 pages)
v
To impede something is to delay or block its progress or movement. Carrying six heavy bags will impede your progress if you're trying to walk across town.
Impede comes from the Latin impedire which literally means "to hold the feet," formed from the prefix in- "in" plus pes "foot." Think about walking with a cast on your foot––how slow and awkward that would be. If you have a hard time reading, that will impeded your progress in math. An impediment is something that impedes, such as a physical defect that affects speech––a speech impediment.
WORD FAMILY
impede: impeded, impedes, impediment, impeding+/impeded: unimpeded/ impediment: impediments/unimpeded: unimpededly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We will not allow any nation to dominate this industry and impede innovation through unfair trade practices and massive, non-market-based state intervention.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
U.S. companies are preparing to invest again after years on the sidelines, and rising interest rates are unlikely to impede them.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It was that the measure would impede rather than advance Israeli-Palestinian peace — and he was right.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 阻碍; 妨碍; 阻止
时态：impeded, impeding, impedes
分布：妨碍(66%)，阻止(34%)
→im-,进入，使，-ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.引申词义限制脚的行动，锁上脚链，阻碍。
妨碍,阻碍(im进入+pede→把脚放进去→妨碍)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
【记】im进入，ped脚，e－把脚放入绊倒小偷－妨碍
【参】centipede（n 蜈蚣）；podiatry（n 脚病学）；impediment[SAT]（n 妨碍；口吃）＝obstacle
【反】assist（v 援助；帮助）；abet（vt 教唆；支持）；facilitate（v 使容易；使便利）；nurture（vt 养育；教养）encumber（v 阻碍）－remove impediment（除去阻碍）cultivate（vt 培养；耕作）－impede『不选decline』因为decline作为vt 是拒绝的意思。promote（vt 促进）；foment（vt 煽动）；abet（vt 教唆；煽动）
[ɪm'pi:d] formal
verb transitive
■to slow down or cause problems for the achievement or finishing of something 妨碍，阻碍；阻止
• Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way. 尽管他很害羞，但这显然一点也没有妨碍他的事业。
vt. 阻碍；妨碍；阻止
 - dispute, let, stem, slow

Word: freelance
Front: freelance
[ˈfri:lɑ:ns] (8780/11320 -1)
Vocabulary: freelance
(once / 5102 pages)
nadjv
To freelance is to work independently, instead of for a long-term employer. If you do freelance work, you’re free to say yes or no to any project. Anyone can work freelance (as a freelancer), but it’s often a writer or artist.
To freelance is the opposite of working for one employer full-time and long-term. A freelancer — who could be a writer, a designer, or one of many other jobs — probably has many employers. The word comes from the Middle Ages, for "medieval mercenary warrior," which makes sense, since a mercenary is someone who fights for hire. It’s a free (not bound by a country) lance (sword). The pen is mightier than the sword, so these days freelance often refers to writers.
WORD FAMILY
freelance: freelanced, freelancer, freelances, freelancing+/freelancer: freelancers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Freelance criminal hackers may also be getting nervous.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
He hopes maybe it’ll help him get freelance work, says Barker.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Wright, a freelance designer, tells them the time limits are designed to ensure their brains work better.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 自由作家; 自由记者
adj. 特约的; 自由职业的
vi. 当自由职业者
时态：freelanced, freelancing, freelances
分布：自由职业者(67%)，兼职的(11%)，自由择业的(11%)，兼做(11%)
→free, 自由的。lance, 矛。原指自由作战的战士，雇佣兵。后用来指自由撰稿人，自由职业者。
US [-lænts] adjective adverb
■doing particular pieces of work for different organizations, rather than working all the time for a single organization 从事自由职业（的）；作为自由职业者（的）
• Most of the journalists I know are/work freelance. 我认识的记者大多数是自由撰稿人。
• a freelance artist 自由职业艺术家
UK ['fri:.lɑ:nts] US [-lænts] noun countable (also freelancer)
■someone who is freelance 自由职业者
• The firm employs several freelances. 该事务所雇用了几个自由职业者。
UK ['fri:.lɑ:nts] US [-lænts] verb intransitive
■to work freelance 当自由职业者
• I prefer to freelance from home rather than to work in an office. 我宁可在家当自由职业者，也不愿到办公室上班。

Word: aerospace
Front: aerospace
[ˈeərəʊspeɪs] (六 8798/6792 -2)
Back: n. 航空与航天空间; 宇宙空间（指地球大气层及其外面的空间）; 航空航天学; 航空航天工业
adj. 宇宙空间的，宇宙航行的
分布：航空航天工业(47%)，太空的(16%)，宇宙空间(16%)，航空航天学(12%)，航天的(9%)
(大气层内外)空间(aero+space空间)[aer,aero,aeri=air,表示"空气,充气"等]
US ['er.oʊ-] adjective [before noun]
■producing or operating aircraft or spacecraft 航空航太工业的；航空太空船制造的
• the aerospace industry 航空航太工业
• an aerospace company 航空航太技术公司

Word: mole
Front: mole
[məʊl] (8789/6198 -1)
Vocabulary: mole
(once / 869 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n
You may have never seen the fuzzy, pointy-nosed animal called a mole even if you know what a mole is, since it lives underground most of the time.
One mole is the mammal with beady little eyes that burrows underground eating earthworms. This mole doesn't need much oxygen to breathe and has big paws for digging tunnels. Another type of mole is basically a large, sometimes raised freckle on the skin; a third is a spy, especially a double agent who pretends to work for one country while sending secret information to another. The burrowing type of mole comes from an obsolete English word, moldwarp, or "earth thrower."
WORD FAMILY
mole: molar, moles+/ molar: molarity, molars, premolar/premolar: premolars
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to the State Department, Mr. Lyskenko was “in a position to be responsible” for Mr. Ames’s activities as a very productive mole.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Platinum declined to comment and Mole did not respond to a request for comment.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Moles called police and a dispatcher helped her stem the flow of blood from her husband’s wound.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 鼹鼠; 防波堤; 痣; 间谍
分布：摩尔(37%)，鼹鼠(28%)，痣(17%)，防波堤(7%)，克分子(6%)，间谍(3%)，钱鼠(1%)，凿岩机(1%)
→缩写自molewarp,欧洲鼹鼠。后用于鼹鼠通用名。引申俚语义内奸。mole 防洪堤
US [moʊl] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a small mammal which is nearly blind, has dark fur and lives in passages that it digs under the ground 鼹鼠
UK [məʊl] US [moʊl] noun countable
SPOT 斑点
■a small dark spot or lump (= raised area) on a person's skin 痣 Compare freckle
UK [məʊl] US [moʊl] noun countable
PERSON 人
■a person who works for an organization or government and secretly gives information to its competitor or enemy 内奸
• A mole inside the Department of Transport had leaked secret proposals to the press. 交通部一名内部人士向媒体泄露了秘密计划。
Compare spy
n. 鼹鼠；痣； [水运] 防波堤；胎块
 - nevus, naevus

Word: preoccupation
Front: preoccupation
[priˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn] (研托宝 8783/6468)
Vocabulary: preoccupation
(once / 2159 pages)
n
Preoccupation is a state where you're absorbed in something. You may have a preoccupation with video games or Hello Kitty, for example, if you can't keep your mind off those things.
We all have our preoccupations: ideas and things that we just can't stop thinking about. Just as an occupation means someone is living somewhere, a preoccupation is an idea that's moved in to our minds. One person's preoccupation might be making more money, while another person's preoccupation could be learning to ride a motorcycle. We can also say that someone who is engrossed or absorbed in something is in a state of preoccupation; they're preoccupied.
WORD FAMILY
preoccupation: preoccupations+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pregnancy seems to be one of health tech's preoccupations this year.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Wenger’s preoccupation is simply to get the better of him and continue the response to the back-to-back defeats at Everton and Manchester City before Christmas.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Where is God in the normal, often boring, occasionally squalid, preoccupations of everyday life?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 全神贯注，入神; 当务之急; 使人全神贯注的事物; 偏见，成见
分布：全神贯注(82%)，占据思想(9%)，心里总想着的事物(9%)
全神贯注(pre+occup占有+ation→优先占有(注意力)→全神贯注)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
全神贯注[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】pre前，occupation（n 职业；占有）
【反】unconcerned（adj 不关心的；不相关的）
US [-ˌɑ:.kju:-] noun
countable
■an idea or subject that someone thinks about most of the time （时常想的）想法、事情
• My main preoccupation now is trying to keep life normal for the sake of my two boys. 我现在想得最多的是要为了我的两个儿子而尽力使生活保持正常。
countable or uncountable
■the state of being worried about or thinking about something most of the time 入神，长期担忧
• Lately, his preoccupation with football had caused his marks at school to slip. 最近他一心想着足球，学校成绩都退步了。
n. 全神贯注，入神；当务之急；关注的事物；抢先占据；成见
 - absorption, all attention

Word: antibody
Front: antibody
[ˈæntibɒdi] (宝 8806/4257 -2)
Vocabulary: antibody
(once / 7069 pages)
n
An antibody is a protein made by the body that latches onto foreign bacteria and viruses to make them ineffective. Each antibody is designed to target a particular opponent.
A powerful part of the body’s immune system, an antibody is produced when the body senses an invader — called an antigen that it doesn’t think should be there. The body then sends out the antibody to neutralize it. Don’t think of an antibody as being anti or “against” your body; think of the body in the word antibody as the antigen, or foreign body that is being fought. Known antibodies have been especially useful in the creation of vaccines.
WORD FAMILY
antibody: antibodies+/bodied: unbodied/bodiless: bodilessly/ body: antibody, bodied, bodies, bodiless, bodily, bodying, bodyless, underbody/underbody: underbodies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Esvelt and his team would begin by vaccinating their mice and sequencing the DNA of the most protective antibodies.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The animal’s immune system produces a mixture of antibodies capable of binding to and inactivating the toxins.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
On May 30th, after confirming that antibodies were responsible for the protective effects, the team sent a manuscript describing the findings to the journal Nature.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. <医>抗体
分布：抗体(100%)
抗体(anti+body身体)[anti-表示"反对,相反"]
【记】anti反，body身体－抗体
US [-tˌiˌbɑ:.di] noun countable
■a protein produced in the blood which fights diseases by attacking and killing harmful bacteria 抗体
• Antibodies found in breast milk protect newborn babies against infection. 母乳中含有的抗体可保护新生婴儿免受感染。

Word: internally
Front: internally
[ɪn'tɜ:nəlɪ] (8800/7769)
Back: adv. 内地; 内心地; 国内地; 本质地
分布：国内地(50%)，内部地(50%)
ADJ
国内的;内政的;(组织)内部的
Internal is used to describe things that exist or happen inside a country or organization.
例：The country stepped up internal security...该国加强了国内安保。
例：We now have a Europe without internal borders...我们如今拥有一个内部没有边界的欧洲。
ADJ
体内的;(物体或场所)内部的
Internal is used to describe things that exist or happen inside a particular person, object, or place.
例：...massive internal bleeding...体内大出血
例：Some of the internal walls of my house are made of plasterboard.我家房子的一些内墙是石膏板做的。
adv. 内部地；国内地；内在地
 - domestically, inherently

Word: geological
Front: geological
[ˌdʒi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl] (8805/5877 -1)
Back: adj. 地质（学）的
分布：地质学的(88%)，=geologic.(12%)
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■relating to geology, or to the geology of a particular area or place 地质的；地质学的
• a geological survey/map 地质勘察／图
• the complex geological structure of the region 该地区复杂的地质结构

Word: clench
Front: clench
[klentʃ] (宝 8816/8294 -1)
Vocabulary: clench
(once / 699 pages)
1vn 2n
When you clench something, you grip, press, or squeeze it. You might clench your fists when you're angry or clench your teeth when you're worried, for example.
People often clench parts of their own bodies, but they can also clench other things. Your grandmother might tend to clench you in her arms when you visit her, and a toddler might clench his stuffed animal to his chest when he falls asleep at night. The Old English root of clench is beclencan, which means "to hold fast or make cling," and it has the same origins as the word cling.
WORD FAMILY
clench: clenched, clenches, clenching
USAGE EXAMPLES
My senses clouded, chest trembled and muscles clenched.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
“Everybody too serious,” Cheng explained during a lesson last month, clenching a paddle with white knuckles before releasing into a shrug.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
When his mother called him on his lie, he clenched his teeth and explained his mentality: “It’s just in me.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 紧握，抓紧; 钉牢; [航海] 系紧：用绳结捆绑
n. 抓紧，咬紧; 抓紧用具
时态：clenched, clenching, clenches
分布：紧握(37%)，确定(18%)，紧咬(18%)，牢牢抓住(9%)，牢牢地抓住(9%)，钉紧(9%)
→来自cling 拼写变体。比较stink,stench.
verb transitive
■to close or hold something very tightly, often in a determined or angry way （常指坚决或生气地）捏紧，握紧，咬紧
• The old man clenched his fist and waved it angrily at us. 那老头紧握着拳头，气哼哼地向我们挥舞着。
• With a knife clenched in/between his teeth, he climbed up the tree to cut some coconuts. 他嘴里紧咬着一把刀，爬上树去割椰子。
• "Get out of here, " she said through clenched teeth. “滚出去，”她咬牙切齿地说。
vt. 紧握；确定；把…敲弯
 - confirm, identify
vi. 握紧；钉牢
 - hammer on, nail up

Word: barren
Front: barren
[ˈbærən] (研六托雅宝 8809/9656 -1)
Vocabulary: barren
(once / 396 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Drive through a forest that's just been destroyed by a fire, and you'll get an idea of what barren means — stripped of vegetation and devoid of life.
Not to be confused with a baron, a kind of nobleman, barren is often used to describe an area of land that lacks any signs of life. A barren wilderness is dry and empty, with no foliage or twittering birds to be found. An old-fashioned and unflattering word for a woman who is unable to have children is barren.
WORD FAMILY
barren: barrener, barrenly, barrenness, barrens+/barrenness: barrennesses, barrennesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They just sat there in silence, gazing at the barren canyon walls,” Mr. Lattin wrote in “The Harvard Psychedelic Club.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It is because of those wars that we live like this on this barren land,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Lioness teaches the neighbor’s children to transmute armfuls of barren soil into flowers.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫瘠的; 不结果实的; 不孕的; 无价值的
n. 荒原，不毛之地
分布：贫瘠的(64%)，荒地(26%)，不育的(5%)，无效的(5%)
→词源不详，可能同bare, 裸露的，荒凉的。
a.贫瘠的;不育的;(植物)不结果的;无用的The desert is barren land.沙漠是贫瘠的土地.
【记】1）bar＝bare光光的－一无所有的－不毛的2）bar酒吧，ren人。泡吧的人。医学上有这种说法，过度饮酒和抽烟容易导致不孕。为了我们的下一代，请您注意身心健康。
【反】prolific（adj 多产的；大量繁殖的）
adjective
■unable to produce plants or fruit 贫瘠的；不毛的
• We drove through a barren, rocky landscape. 我们驾车时，经过一个到处都是岩石的不毛之地。
■literary
■unable to have babies 不妊的，不育的
■not productive 无成果的；无效果的
• She became very depressed during the barren years when she was unable to paint. 她在作品匮乏的那几年间，变得非常消沉。
Compare fertile
barren, naked, bald, bare
这组词都有“裸露的”的意思，其区别是：
barren: 着重缺少肥力或生活能力，无草无木，荒瘠不毛。
naked: 指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。
bald: 指头上无发，山坡无树无草，树顶无叶。
bare: 指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。
adj. 贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的
 - sterile, unprofitable
n. 荒地
 - waste, wilderness, abandoned land

Word: suicidal
Front: suicidal
[ˌsu:ɪˈsaɪdl] (8788/13974 -1)
Back: adj. （想）自杀的，自杀性的; 自我毁灭的，自取灭亡的; 于己不利
分布：自杀的(69%)，自杀性的(27%)，自我毁减的(4%)
→suicide,自杀，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
DEATH 死亡
■People who are suicidal want to kill themselves or are in a mental state in which it is likely that they will try to do so 想自杀的；有自杀倾向的
• Pete was so depressed after his girlfriend left him that I actually thought he was suicidal. 彼特自女朋友离开后情绪就非常低落，实际上，我认为他有自杀倾向。
■describes behaviour that is likely to result in death 有致命危险的；极为冒险的
• He took some suicidal risks. 他冒了很大的险，几乎是玩命。
[ˌsu:.ɪ'saɪ.dəl] adjective
DEFEAT 毁灭
■A suicidal act causes the defeat of the person who does it 自杀性的，自取灭亡的；自我毁灭性的
• It would be suicidal for the Prime Minister to call an election at a time when he's so unpopular. 首相在自己如此不得人心的时候举行选举，将会自毁前程。
adj. 自杀的，自杀性的；自我毁灭的；自取灭亡的
 - banzai

Word: needy
Front: needy
[ˈni:di] (托宝 8796/11222 -1)
Vocabulary: needy
(once / 1404 pages)
adjn
People who are needy don't have enough of life's necessities, like money, food, water, education, or shelter. Many charities collect money that helps needy people.
Truly needy people go without food or warmth, for example, and often need help from others. As a group, these people are sometimes referred to as "the needy." A more lighthearted way to use the adjective is to mean "demanding or difficult." This type of needy person requires frequent reassurance or emotional support: "She's a good friend, but she can be so needy sometimes."
WORD FAMILY
needy: needier, neediest, needily, neediness+/ need: needed, needer, needful, needing, needless, needs, needy /needed: unneeded/needful: needfulest, needfully/ needless: needlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And with $600 from the Neediest Cases Fund, the family paid its electric bill.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Each year, The Seattle Times Fund For The Needy raises money for a group of charities that help children, families and senior citizens.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Community Service Society used $349.50 in Neediest Cases funds to buy Ms. Williams three months of MetroCards last spring for traveling to her job.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫穷的; 贫困的
级别：needier, neediest
分布：贫穷的(73%)，贫穷的人(19%)，缺乏的(8%)
→来自need,需要。引申词义贫困的，缺乏自信的。
【记】need东西的状态－needy
【反】affluent（adj 丰富的）
adjective
■poor and not having enough food, clothes, etc 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的
• The proceeds from the sale go to help needy people in the area. 此次义卖的收入用来帮助该地区的穷人。
■wanting too much attention and love 需要过多关怀的
• Sybil was very insecure and needy. 西比尔很缺乏安全感，很需要别人的关怀。
['ni:.di] plural noun
the needy
■poor people 穷人
• Let us pray for those who are not so fortunate as ourselves - the sick, the old and the needy. 让我们为那些比我们不幸的病弱者、老人和穷人祈祷吧。
adj. 贫困的；贫穷的；生活艰苦的
 - poor, indigent

Word: hinge
Front: hinge
[hɪndʒ] (研六托雅宝 8810/9620 -1)
Vocabulary: hinge
(once / 900 pages)
nv
A hinge is a type of joint that attaches two things together while allowing for limited movement. A door hinge fastens the door to the wall and lets the door swing open.
A hinge is a joint that holds two pieces of something together while allowing one piece to move in a swinging motion. When used as a verb, hinge can mean "to attach a hinge." Hinge can also be used to indicate that one key event depends on another, as in “The athlete’s future with the team will hinge on his performance at tonight’s game” or “The success of this product hinges on how many units are sold this month.”
WORD FAMILY
hinge: hinged, hinges, hinging, unhinge+/unhinge: unhinged, unhinges, unhinging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of the Rams’ immediate future will hinge on Goff’s development under a new coach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the end, her life hinged on one thing - a heart transplant.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rogers says he hasn’t thought of it like that, or about how the season hinged on that play.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 铰链，折叶; 关键，转折点; 枢要，中枢
vt. & vi. 用铰链连接; 依…为转移; 给…安装铰链; （门等）装有蝶铰
vi. 依…而转移
时态：hinged, hingeing, hinges
分布：铰链(78%)，关键(20%)，用铰链装(1%)，依情况而定(1%)
→来自konk,悬挂，词源同hang.引申词义绞链，门合页。
n.合页,铰链vi.依...而定The gates were off their hinges.大门的铰链脱落了.
noun countable
■a piece of metal that fastens the edge of a door, window, lid, etc. to something else and allows it to swing open or closed 枢纽，铰链
• We had to take the front door off its hinges to get our new sofa into the house. 我们不得不把前门从铰炼上卸下来，这样我们的新沙发才能搬进屋子里。
[hɪndʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hinge on/upon sth
■If one thing hinges on another, the first thing depends on the second thing or is very influenced by it 依靠，取决于
• The prosecution's case hinged on the evidence of a witness who died before the trial. 控方的案子取决于一位证人的证词，而该证人已在审判前死去。
■If a story or situation hinges on an idea or subject, it develops from that idea or that is the most important subject in it （故事或情况）围绕着…展开
• The film's plot hinges on a case of mistaken identity. 该电影的情节围绕着一宗身份误认案件展开。
n. [机] 铰链；枢纽；关键
 - key, crux

Word: chart
Front: chart
[tʃɑ:t] (高研四六托雅 2743/2961 -K3)
Vocabulary: chart
(once / 183 pages)
nv
Whether it's a kind of graph, a map, or even a piece of music, a chart is a visual display of information. As a verb, chart means to make that kind of display.
Some words' meanings grow narrower over the centuries. But in the case of chart, which comes from the French charte and Latin charta, "map," the meanings have grown a lot since the 1500s. Now, chart is a noun meaning any visual index of information, as in "that song is shooting up the charts." It's also still a map, as in "harbor chart." And it's a verb, as in "to chart your progress, make a chart."
WORD FAMILY
chart: charted, charter, charting, chartist, chartless, charts+/charted: uncharted / charter: chartered, chartering, charters/ chartered: unchartered/chartist: chartists
USAGE EXAMPLES
This fall, he sees a greater sense of leadership among the upperclassman and more talent down the depth chart.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the top panel of the piece, the artist’s astrology chart overlays an X-ray of his skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Join us as we chart the new year being welcomed in across the globe.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 图表; 航海图; 排行榜
vt. 绘制地图; 记录; 记述; 跟踪（进展或发展）
时态：charted, charting, charts
分布：图表(88%)，排行榜(4%)，规划(4%)，绘制地图(3%)，制成图表(1%)
→来自拉丁词charta, 卡片，纸，词源同card,cartel。
图表[card,chart=paper表示"纸片"]
n.图表;航海图;航行图vt.绘图表,制图表The smart star starts to make cart chart for the commencement.精明的明星开始制作授学位典礼用的马车图表.
US [tʃɑ:rt] noun countable
DRAWING 图表
 IMPROVER
■a drawing which shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts 图表；示意图；曲线图
• There is a chart on the classroom wall showing the relative heights of all the children. 教室墙上有一张图表，显示出所有孩子的相对身高。
• The sales chart shows a distinct decline in the past few months. 销售图显示在过去几个月里销售量明显下降。
• the TV weather chart 电视气象图
 IMPROVER
■a detailed map of an area of water 海图；航图
• a naval chart 海军航图
UK [tʃɑ:t] US [tʃɑ:rt] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
the charts
[plural]
■the lists produced each week of the records with the highest sales （每周唱片销量）排行榜
• the dance charts 舞曲排行榜
• It's been number one in the charts for six weeks. 它占据排行榜之首已达六周之久。
UK [tʃɑ:t] US [tʃɑ:rt] noun countable
off the charts informal
■at a very high level 处于极高水平的
• His blood pressure was off the charts 他的血压高得吓人。
mainly US extremely popular or successful 非常受欢迎的，极成功的
• The new restaurant is totally off the charts. 这家新开的餐厅口碑载道。
UK [tʃɑ:t] US [tʃɑ:rt] verb
SHOW/FOLLOW 表示
transitive
■to show something on a chart 用图表表示；标示
• We need some sort of graph on which we can chart our progress. 我们需要那种可以在上面标出我们进展的图表。
• The map charts the course of the river where it splits into two. 地图在这条河分成两条支流处标出了水流流向。
transitive
■to watch something with careful attention or to record something in detail 仔细观察；详细纪录
• A global study has just been started to chart the effects of climate change. 一项观察纪录气候变化后果的全球性研究才刚刚起步。
transitive mainly US
■to arrange a plan of action 制定（行动计划）
• The local branch of the party is meeting to chart their election campaign. 该政党的地方分部正开会制定他们的选举活动计划。
UK [tʃɑ:t] US [tʃɑ:rt] verb
MUSIC 音乐
intransitive informal
■to enter the music charts 进榜，上榜
• Their first record didn't even chart. 他们的首张唱片连排行榜都没有进。
rgeister, schedule, roll, form, catalog(ue), chart, list, table
这组词都有“名单、目录、表格”的意思，其区别是：
rgeister: 多指官方对人或事作出的正式书面记录或详细清单。
schedule: 既可指时间或计划的安排表，又可指详细列出的所有分类项的清单或细表。
roll: 多指人员的姓名名单，尤指属于团体或军事单位的全体人员名单。
form: 指上面印有横线或格让人填写规定内容的表格。
catalog(ue): 指列出有全部队名、物名或项目等的目录，有时附有简要说明的分类名单或一览表。
chart: 指把资料制成表格等形式供人看的图表。
list: 最普通用词，含义广。指按字母顺序、时间先后或类别等排列的姓名或项目等的单子。
table: 普通用词，一般指易于迅速查阅使用，具有特定编排方法的目录或表格。
graph, map, chart
这组词都有“地图、图”的意思，其区别是：
graph: 多指用纵横坐标之间关系的曲线表示两个量之间的图表。
map: 指标有国家大小、城市、铁路、河流、山脉、海洋等的地图。
chart: 指航海地图，也指图表。
n. 图表；海图；图纸
 - graph, diagram

Word: petal
Front: petal
[ˈpetl] (托雅宝 8803/8939 -1)
Vocabulary: petal
(once / 1051 pages)
n
A petal is a part of a flower. Most flowers have a ring of brightly colored petals surrounding the center part of the blossom.
Petal comes from the Greek word petalon, meaning "leaf, thin plate." A petal is the lovely colorful leaf-like ring around the center of the flower, a thin plate for a fairy. The petals make up a flower’s corolla, surrounding the center. You can rip them off one by one as you say, “She loves me, she loves me not” until the last petal is picked. She loves me!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peddle / pedal / petal
Sometimes the only way to choose your words with homophones is to memorize their spellings and meanings. Pedal/peddle/petal is one such set of homophones.
A pedal is a lever controlled with the foot, such as found on a piano or a bicycle. To pedal is to use such a lever to control something. It descends from the Late Latin pedale, for a thing of the foot, which descends ultimately from the Latin pēs, for foot.
The city is expected to finalize this week a five-year contract to bring pedal boats back to Wesley Lake this summer.
Bicycle riders will be pedaling over hills and through pastures Saturday near Stonewall.
To peddle can mean to travel around selling items (think door-to-door salesmen). It can also mean to sell illicit drugs or, informally, to give out or spread, as with information or lies.
A former Alaska lawmaker has pleaded guilty to a state count of letting unregistered lobbyists peddle their ideas to him.
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) has warned the public against taking black pills peddled in unlabelled bottles.
Finally, a petal is a flower's brightly colored leaf that joins with other petals to form the flower's corolla.
You will start with a great big rose complete with curly petals and shiny leaves painted from reference.
Spread generously or pipe over the cooled cupcakes and top each with a rose petal.
Remember that pedal is related to foot through the Latin pēs and that someone who peddles goods goes from door to door. If you don't want either of those, then you can choose the flower's petal.
WORD FAMILY
petal: petal-like, petalless, petallike, petaloid, petalous, petals
USAGE EXAMPLES
For flowers, most of her work is prepping the petals for the flowers.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Add potatoes, ground rose petals, lentils and cilantro, and cook until heated through.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
In “Iris Landscape,” the petals are so drastically foregrounded that they assume the weight of geographical features in their forested surroundings.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 花瓣
分布：花瓣(100%)
→来自pete,展开，词源同patent,feather.后用于指花瓣。
【记】pet追求，al所有＝all：所有人都追求绚丽多彩的花瓣
US ['petˌ-] noun countable
FLOWER 花
■any of the usually brightly coloured parts that together form most of a flower 花瓣
• rose petals 玫瑰花瓣
UK ['pet.əl] US ['petˌ-] noun countable
PERSON 人 UK informal
■a friendly way of talking to someone, especially a woman or child 宝贝，乖乖（尤用于称呼女性或孩子）
• What did you say, petal? 你说甚么，宝贝？

Word: hierarchical
Front: hierarchical
[ˌhaɪəˈrɑ:kɪkl] (8812/8179 -1)
Vocabulary: hierarchical
(once / 15573 pages)
adj
If something is hierarchical it has clear levels of power and importance, such as a hierarchical corporation that has the boss at the top, or the hierarchical social order of junior high school popularity.
It's lonely at the top. That pretty much sums up hierarchical, pronounced "high-eh-RAR-ki-cal." In a hierarchical structure, people or groups are arranged according to ability or status. It helps to think of a triangle, with the leader at the highest point, layers of managers under him or her, and at the base, or widest part, the masses of workers who make up the largest part of the organization.
WORD FAMILY
hierarchical: hierarchically, nonhierarchical+/ hierarchy: hierarchical, hierarchies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Years of violence, civil war and assassinations ensued before the country stabilized under an “institutional” revolutionary party, which grew progressively more hierarchical and autocratic.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
“Stanford was such a hierarchical place. He was really high up, and I was untenured.”
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
These advances were largely powered by deep learning, which harnesses huge data sets and a hierarchical, brain-like method of computing.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 按等级划分的，等级（制度）的; 分层的
分布：按等级划分的(100%)
→来自hierarchy,等级制度。
ADJ-GRADED
等级制度的;等级森严的
A hierarchical system or organization is one in which people have different ranks or positions, depending on how important they are.
例：...the traditional hierarchical system of military organization.军事组织内传统的等级制度
adj. 分层的；等级体系的
 - layered, decked

Word: graffiti
Front: graffiti
[grəˈfi:ti] (8807/14298 -1)
Vocabulary: graffiti
(once / 7002 pages)
n
Graffiti is a word, phrase, or image painted or drawn somewhere in public, like on the side of a building or on the walls in a restroom.
Art or vandalism? That’s the debate about graffiti. For some people, graffiti looks ugly and damages the property where it’s left. Others consider graffiti a form of self-expression and a celebration of public spaces. The word comes from the Italian graffito, which means “a scratch,” and like a deep scratch, graffiti can be difficult to remove. It’s also difficult to spell, but remember that there are two fs and only one t and you’ll get it right every time.
WORD FAMILY
graffiti
USAGE EXAMPLES
The place was snugly feral, lacquered with graffiti, some of it added during shooting.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The artist contrasts styles and patterns, suggesting graffiti and anatomy textbooks simultaneously.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They document themselves with reality-show glee clearing Islamic state tunnels, hoisting salvaged weapons, pointing to graffiti, prisoners and corpses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 在墙上的乱涂乱写(graffito的复数形式)
分布：涂鸦(99%)，名词graffito的复数形式.(1%)
→来自gerbh, 刮，刻，切，词源同carve,graph. 最早用于意大利庞培废墟发现的一些奇怪的雕刻，后词义通用化。
US [-tˌi] plural noun noun uncountable
■words or drawings, especially humorous, rude or political, on walls, doors, etc. in public places （尤指写画在公共场合的墙或门上的幽默的、粗野的或政治性的）涂鸦，图画
• The subway walls are covered in graffiti. 过街地道的墙上满是涂鸦。

Word: billing
Front: billing
[ˈbɪlɪŋ] (8811/14826)
Back: n. （节目单或戏院大门上的）演员表; （演员表上的）演员次序; 开具账单; 营业额
分布：记帐(46%)，演员表(30%)，广告(18%)，编制帐单(6%)
noun uncountable
REQUEST FOR PAYMENT 要求付帐
■the process of sending people bills asking them to pay money owed 寄发帐单（要求付帐）
• itemized (= detailed) billing 详细的帐单
['bɪl.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
SHOW INFORMATION 宣传
■information, especially about a performance （尤指演出的）广告，宣传
• Unfortunately, the show never lived up to (= was not as good as) its billing. 不幸的是，演出不像宣传的那样好。
star/top billing
■in a show or film, etc. when someone is advertised as the most important actor 主演，领衔
n. 广告；记帐；开发票；演员表；总账款
 - advertisement, publicity

Word: doom
Front: doom
[du:m] (研六托雅 7469/8436 -1)
Vocabulary: doom
(once / 248 pages)
nv
Doom is death, destruction, the end of the world, the big goodbye. It can also be a verb — if a man twirling a mustache ties you to the railroad tracks, he dooms you to certain death!
Doctor Doom is a comic book villain you do not want to mess with. He’s the doctor of death! If you feel that the world is terrible, you’re all doom and gloom. If someone dies, she meets her doom. People usually talk about doom as a type of fate — doom isn't an accident. When doom is a verb, watch out — being slack dooms careers and lies doom relationships. Stay away from all forms of doom.
WORD FAMILY
doom: doomed, dooming, dooms, foredoom+/foredoom: foredoomed, foredooming, foredooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her glamorous mother starred in Orson Welles’s Touch of Evil, but is forever the doomed woman in the shower in Psycho.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It would be hard to argue with Clement if he decided that was the case, because Swansea appear doomed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The year was haunted by a sense of doom conjured by the candidates themselves, who argued that choosing the other would summon the apocalypse.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 命运; 厄运; 死亡; （尤指不利的、有罪的）判决，宣判
vt. 注定; 判定; 使…的失败; 宣判
时态：doomed, dooming, dooms
分布：厄运(36%)，注定(19%)，判决(15%)，毁灭(14%)，死亡(13%)，判定(3%)
→来自dhe, 做，放置，词源同do, deem.用于指律法，后指圣经中的Judgment Day，引申词义劫数。
n.厄运,劫数v.注定,命定The plan was doomed to failure.该计划注定失败.
noun uncountable
■death, destruction or any very bad situation that cannot be avoided 死亡；毁灭；厄运
• A sense of doom hung over the entire country. 整个国家都笼罩在厄运降临的气氛之中。
• The newspapers are always full of doom and gloom (= bad news and unhappiness) these days. 如今报纸上总是报道一些不幸的新闻消息。
[du:m] verb transitive usually passive
■to make someone or something certain to do or experience something unpleasant, or to make something bad certain to happen 使注定；使必然发生
• [+ to infinitive] Are we doomed to repeat the mistakes of the past? 我们注定要重复过去的错误吗？
• Mounting debts doomed the factory to closure. 债台高筑使工厂无法逃脱关闭的命运。
luck, lot, destiny, fortune, doom, fate
这组词都有“命运”的意思，其区别是：
luck: 普通日常用词，指好的或坏的运气，尤多指好运气，有时也指成功或愉快的结局。
lot: 多指偶然的运气或终身遭受的不幸命运。
destiny: 普通用词，侧重预先注定的命运，对未来命运的美好憧憬。
fortune: 普通用词，指由机会或运气来决定的一种命运，如暗示一种比fate好的运气或一种愉快的未来。
doom: 指最终的，常常是灾难性或毁灭性的命运，隐含不可避免的意味。
fate: 较庄严用词，多指不幸的命运，暗示不可避免，令人畏惧和人的意志无法改变，宿命论色彩较浓。
convict, judge, sentence, doom, condemn
这组词都有“判决、宣判”的意思，其区别是：
convict: 法律用词，指审判后判定有罪，但未作最后判决。
judge: 指对案件作出审理判决，但判决内容较笼统，不如sentence和condemn使用广泛。
sentence: 法律用词，指根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。
doom: 书面用词，指郑重他宣判某人有罪。
condemn: 普通用词，指法院对审理结束的案件做出的定罪判刑。
n. 厄运；死亡；判决；世界末日
 - death, sentence, end, award
vt. 注定；判决；使失败
 - fate, determine

Word: outspoken
Front: outspoken
[aʊtˈspəʊkən] (高托雅宝 8801/11487 -1)
Vocabulary: outspoken
(once / 1782 pages)
adj
If you often freely speak your mind, people may say that you are outspoken. How people view that particular trait in you, however, will depend on whether they agree with what you have to say or not!
Use the adjective outspoken to describe someone candid and blunt, one who is direct in manner or speech. If you are an outspoken advocate for arts education in schools, you probably attend lots of school board and community meetings trying to ensure that the board does not cut music and drama from the school curriculum. If you are an outspoken critic of the way your boss does his job, you may not have yours much longer!
WORD FAMILY
outspoken: outspokenly, outspokenness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In November Michael Heseltine, an outspoken critic of the poll tax, triggered a leadership contest from which John Major emerged the winner.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Fisher, of course, was outspoken in her feminism , especially in regards to her legacy as Princess Leia .
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Suffering from mental illness, and drug and alcohol addiction during much of her life, Fisher became an outspoken advocate for those issues.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 直言的; 坦率的; 毫无保留的; 心急口快
分布：坦率的(82%)，直言无讳的(13%)，动词outspeak的过去分词.(5%)
→out-,向外，spoken,说，说出。引申词义直率的，坦诚的。
US [-'spoʊ-] adjective
■expressing strong opinions very directly without worrying if other people are offended 直言不讳的；坦率的，直率的
• outspoken comments 坦率的意见
• Mr Masack is an outspoken critic of the present government. 马塞克先生是一位对现政府直言不讳的批评家。
adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的
 - honest, transparent, open

Word: restricted
Front: restricted
[rɪˈstrɪktɪd] (8818/5720 -K2)
Vocabulary: restricted
(once / 649 pages)
adj
Have you ever seen a door labeled Restricted? If so, you probably know it means "Stay out." A restricted area can only be entered by certain people.
Anything labeled restricted is not public. Restricted things are private, and only certain people who are authorized can access or use those things. Anything restricted is subject to more rules. In sports, a restricted free agent has to worry about more rules than an unrestricted free agent. Something or someone restricted has to deal with restrictions, which are rules or laws that set limits.
WORD FAMILY
restricted: restrictedly, unrestricted +/ restrict: derestrict, restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictive, restricts/ restriction: restrictions/ restrictive: nonrestrictive, restrictively, restrictiveness, unrestrictive / unrestricted: unrestrictedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The birds won’t die off, he said, but their ranges will be restricted.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Before slavery was restricted by the Spanish crown, in 1542, slaving parties scoured Honduras, kidnapping Indians to work plantations, mines, and households.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
When those were restricted, manufacturers in Mexico and Singapore benefited.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有受限制的; （土地）对公众不完全开放的; 保密的
v. 限制( restrict的过去式)
分布：受限制的(69%)，有限的(17%)，保密的(11%)，动词restrict的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■limited, especially by official rules, laws, etc 受（尤指官方法规等）限制的，受约束的
• Building in this area of town is restricted. 在该城区建房是受限制的。
• Membership is restricted to (= It is only for) chief executive officers. 能获得会员资格的人只限于首席执行官们。
• Our view of the stage was restricted (= objects prevented us from seeing the whole stage). 在我们的座位上视野受限，看不清整个舞台。
 ADVANCED
■describes an area which you need official permission to enter because the police or the armed forces want to keep it secret, or because it is considered dangerous （某区域）限制出入的，实行管制的，不对公众开放的
• Wellington Barracks is a restricted area and anyone who enters should have identification. 威灵顿兵营是军事禁区，任何人进入都须出示身份证件。
■describes a document which you need official permission to read because the government wants to keep it secret （文件）保密的，限于内部传阅的
adj. 受限制的；保密的
 - security, nondisclosure
v. 限制（restrict的过去式和过去分词）
 - confined

Word: bob
Vocabulary: bob
(once / 127 pages)
1vn 2nv 3nv 4n 5n
To bob is to dip up and down, the way something does when it floats on the surface of water. A lobster buoy bobs in the ocean, marking the spot where a lobsterman's trap is set.
Your friend stands out when her red hat bobs among a crowd of people, and so does a red boat as it bobs on a lake. You might bob your head to indicate agreement or get a short haircut that's also called a bob. The motion bob comes from the Old English bobben, "to strike," while the hair style stems from the earlier bobbe, or "cluster," and first referred a trimmed horse's tail.
WORD FAMILY
bob: bobbed, bobber, bobbing, bobs+/bobber: bobbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boyd is replacing commissioner Bob Stump, who was forced by term limits to leave the commission that regulates utilities.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Swansea’s miserable form continued in the first game following Bob Bradley’s firing.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)

Word: timetable
Front: timetable
[ˈtaɪmteɪbl] (高四六雅 8819/4536 -K2)
Back: n. 交通工具的运行时间表，时刻表; 计划; 课程表; 进度
vi. 为…安排时间
分布：时间表(78%)，时刻表(16%)，课程表(6%)
UK (US schedule)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a list of the times when events are planned to happen, especially the times when buses, trains and planes leave and arrive （尤指公共汽车、火车和飞机的）起讫时刻表；时间表
• Do you have a Birmingham to London train timetable that I could borrow? 你有从伯明罕到伦敦的列车时间表借我一用吗？
• The timetable for our trip to Paris includes visits to Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. 我们巴黎之行的时间表上包括参观巴黎圣母院、埃菲尔铁塔和罗浮宫。
• Here is the timetable of events for the day. 这是一天的排程表。
• I've got a very busy timetable next week (= I have a lot of activities planned). 下周我的时间表排得满满的。
 ADVANCED
■a list of the times when classes in school happen （学校的）课程表
• The first lesson on the timetable for Monday morning is history. 课程表上周一上午的第一节课是历史。
['taɪmˌteɪ.bl] UK (US schedule)
verb transitive usually passive
■to plan when something is going to happen 为…安排时间
• [+ to infinitive] We are timetabled to go to the British Museum on Thursday and the Tower of London on Friday. 根据时间表的安排，我们周四去大英博物馆，周五去伦敦塔。
• The lecture is timetabled for 5.00 p.m. 根据时间表的安排，讲座在下午五点开始。
n. [交] 时间表； [铁路] 时刻表；课程表
 - kalendar, milestones

Word: hypothesize
Front: hypothesize
[haɪˈpɒθəsaɪz] (托 8799/24737)
Vocabulary: hypothesize
(once / 45635 pages)
v
To hypothesize means simply to make a hypothesis. Which is just a scientific way of saying "make a really good educated guess."
Ok, so when someone hypothesizes there's a little bit more involved than just guesswork. It involves using your past knowledge and available facts to try and predict what might happen. Scientists hypothesize all the time — it's the basis for every experiment. For example, doctors examining a werewolf might hypothesize that his furry face and oddball behavior stem from an illness and not the full moon.
WORD FAMILY
hypothesize: hypothesized, hypothesizes, hypothesizing+/hypothecate: hypothecated, hypothecating/ hypothesis: hypothecate, hypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesize, hypothetical /hypothesise: hypothesised, hypothesising/ hypothetical: hypothetically, hypotheticals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The site represents an ancient wapato garden, the team hypothesizes today in Science Advances.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
One was the rhinoceros famously hypothesized by Albrecht Dürer in a 1515 woodcut.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Researchers hypothesized that doctors in rural areas prescribed more painkillers because there were more elderly people, meaning there was a ready supply.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: v. 假设，假定，猜测
时态：hypothesized, hypothesizing, hypothesizes
分布：假设(54%)，假定(30%)，猜测(16%)
→来自hypothesis,假说，假设。
US [-'pɑ:.θə-] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to give a possible but not yet proved explanation for something 假设，假定
• There's no point hypothesizing about how the accident happened, since we'll never really know. 假设意外是如何发生根本没有任何意义，因为我们永远也不会知道真相。
vt. 假设，假定
 - assume that, to suppose
vi. 假设，假定
 - assume that, to suppose

Word: wince
Front: wince
[wɪns] (宝 8792/10809 -1)
Vocabulary: wince
(once / 1286 pages)
vn
A wince is a facial or bodily expression of pain, disgust, or regret. Think of something you've done that was really, really embarrassing or dumb: now feel your face or take a look in the mirror as you wince at the uncomfortable memory.
A moment of pain or a recollection of something painful can make you wince. It's hard not to have a physical response or a wince with a bad memory or a hurt. And wince is both a verb and a noun, so it can be an action or a result. Sometimes people don’t do anything or have any physical pain, but they wince in discomfort at what someone else does or says, as when no one laughs after a really inappropriate joke.
WORD FAMILY
wince: winced, winces, wincing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She winces at the ugliness of punk, but attempts to understand it anyway.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She kissed my hand but winced when I leaned in to kiss hers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I wince with every gulp and beg off after the sixth shot.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 赶紧避开; 畏缩，退避
n. （由于疼痛，吃惊等）畏缩，退缩; [印]（洗染布时用的）绞车，六角绞盘
时态：winced, wincing, winces
分布：畏缩(73%)，退避(18%)，战栗(9%)
→来自weng,弯，转，来自wei的扩大形式，词源同wind,wink。用于指皱眉蹙额。
【记】win赢，ce死：我要赢死你，还不快退缩。
verb intransitive
■to show pain suddenly and for a short time in the face, often moving the head back at the same time （因疼痛而）脸部肌肉抽搐，皱眉蹙额
• Did I hurt you? - I thought I saw you wince. 我弄痛你了吗？——好像看到你皱了一下眉。
• It makes me wince even thinking about eye operations. 一想到眼部手术，我就不由得眉头一皱。
vi. 畏缩，退避
 - recoil from, shrink back from
n. 畏缩；脸部肌肉的抽搐
 - backwardness, self-distrust

Word: hard-working
Front: hard-working
[hɑ:d 'wɜ:kɪŋ] (雅)
Back: adj. 勤勉的，努力工作的
分布：勤勉的(67%)，努力工作的(33%)
US [ˌhɑ:rd'wɝ:-] adjective
■always doing a lot of work 工作努力的，勤奋的
• She was always very hard-working at school. 她在学校一直很用功。
adj. 勤勉的
 - diligent, industrious

Word: cliche
Front: cliche
['kli:ʃeɪ] (雅 8808/14880)
Vocabulary: cliche
(once / 5749 pages)
n
If you've heard an expression a million times, chances are it's a cliche.
Cliche, also spelled cliché, is a 19th century borrowed word from the French which refers to a saying or expression that has been so overused that it has become boring and unoriginal. Think about the expressions "easy as pie," or "don't play with fire," or "beauty is skin deep." These are all cliches. A plot or action sequence in a film or novel can also be called a cliche if it has become dull and predictable through overuse.
WORD FAMILY
cliche: cliches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly Sherlock avoids the boring cliche of other TV shows where guns are waved around as a threat but never actually fired.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The hoariest of the cliches about financial markets is that they hate uncertainty.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Apologies are common in Japan, indeed it is virtually a cliche about the country.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 陈词滥调
分布：陈腔滥调(100%)
→来自click,点击声。来自打印术语，比喻千篇一律，陈词滥调。
n. 陈词滥调； [印刷] 铅版；陈腐思想
 - platitude, bromide
adj. 陈腐的
 - banal, trite

Word: forefront
Front: forefront
[ˈfɔ:frʌnt] (托 8815/8475 -1)
Back: n. 最前部; 活动中心; 前列; 第一线
分布：最前线(65%)，最前列(35%)
N-SING
显著地位;重要位置;最前沿
If you are at the forefront of a campaign or other activity, you have a leading and influential position in it.
例：They have been at the forefront of the campaign for political change.他们一直处于政治变革运动的风口浪尖上。
N-SING
(思考或关注的)重心,焦点
If something is at the forefront of people's minds or attention, they think about it a lot because it is particularly important to them.
例：The pension issue was not at the forefront of his mind in the spring of 1985.在 1985 年春，养老金问题并非他关注的重点。

Word: chuck
Front: chuck
[tʃʌk] (8786/7259 -2)
Vocabulary: chuck
(once / 907 pages)
1v 2n 3n 4n 5v 6v
To toss something is to chuck it. You might kill some time in your yard before dinner, where you and your sister can chuck a football back and forth.
When you chuck a tennis ball to your dog, you throw it casually and loosely. You could chuck pieces of bread in the direction of some ducks on a pond, or chuck a Frisbee around with friends after class. You can also chuck something away, or throw it away: "My old diaries? Oh, I decided to chuck those out." If a butcher talks about a chuck or a chuck roast, he means a shoulder cut of meat.
WORD FAMILY
chuck: chucked, chucking, chucks
USAGE EXAMPLES
United Steelworkers local president Chuck Jones says the union wasn’t involved in any of Trump’s negotiations with Carrier.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Delaware North general manager Chuck Kilroy says demolition and construction crews discovered wiring problems at the site along with other repair issues.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Previously he served as chief counsel to New York Sen. Chuck Schumer, the incoming Senate Democratic leader.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （牛）颈部到肩部的肉; 咕咕（呼鸡声），砸砸（呼马声）; 抛出; 亲爱的
vt. [机械工程]用卡盘夹紧; （口语）抛出，扔出; 咕咕（咯咯、嘟嘟）地叫; （美国）辞职
时态：chucked, chucking, chucks
分布：扔(47%)，卡盘(29%)，撵走(9%)，抛掷(7%)，咯咯叫(4%)，咯咯声(4%)
verb
THROW 扔
transitive often + adverb or preposition informal
■to throw something carelessly （随便地）扔，抛，甩
• Chuck it over there/into the corner. 把它扔到那里／角落里就行了。
• [+ two objects] Chuck me the keys. 把锁匙扔给我。
[tʃʌk] verb
END 结束
transitive UK old-fashioned informal
■to end your romantic relationship with someone 结束（恋爱关系）；甩掉（某人）
• He's just chucked his girlfriend. 他刚甩了女朋友。
[tʃʌk] verb
chuck sb under the chin
■to touch especially a younger person in a friendly way under the chin （友好地）轻抚（尤指年少者）的下巴
• "Cheer up, " she said and chucked the little girl under the chin. “高兴起来，”她说着轻抚了一下小女孩的下巴。
[tʃʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chuck sth away/out informal
■to throw something away 扔掉；抛弃
• I've chucked out all my old clothes. 我把旧衣服全扔了。
[tʃʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chuck sth in informal
■to stop doing something which was a regular job or activity 停止，放弃，终止（规律性的工作或活动）
• I've decided to chuck in my job. 我决定辞职不做了。
[tʃʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chuck sb out informal
■to force someone to leave a place 赶走（某人），撵走（某人）
• He'd been chucked out of a club for fighting. 他因为打架被赶出了夜总会。
[tʃʌk] noun
PERSON 人 (also chuckie) Northern informal
■a friendly form of address （友好的称呼）宝贝
• "All right, then, chuck?" “那么，行吗，宝贝？”
[tʃʌk] noun
MACHINE 机器
countable specialized
■a device for holding an object firmly in a machine （机器上固定某物的）卡盘，夹盘
vt. 丢弃，抛掷；驱逐；轻拍
 - slough off, reject
n. [机] 卡盘；抚弄；赶走；咯咯声
 - drove out
vi. 咯咯叫
 - cluck

Word: Presbyterian
Front: Presbyterian
[ˌprezbɪˈtɪəriən] (8822/12915)
Back: n. 长老派成员（长老会为苏格兰国教及美国最大教会之一）; 长老制主义者
adj. 长老会的; 长老制的
分布：长老会教徒(100%)
→来自presbytery,长老会，-ian,人。
US [-bɪ'tɪr.i-] adjective
■relating or belonging to a Christian group which has members especially in Scotland and the US （尤指苏格兰和美国的）长老会的，长老派的

Word: spokesperson
Front: spokesperson
[ˈspəʊkspɜ:sn] (8824/12692 -1)
Back: n. 发言人，代言人，辩护士
分布：发言人(92%)，代言人(8%)
→合成自 spoke's person,来自 spoke,过去分词格自 speak,说。
N-COUNT
(团体或组织的)发言人
A spokesperson is a person who speaks as the representative of a group or organization.
例：A spokesperson for Amnesty, Norma Johnston, describes some cases.大赦国际的一名发言人诺尔马·约翰斯顿讲述了几个案例。
n. 发言人；代言人
 - prolocutor, public speaker

Word: differential
Front: differential
[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃl] (8802/8147 -1)
Vocabulary: differential
(once / 4546 pages)
1nadj 2n
Things that show a difference or act in different ways can be described as differential. You and your sister may get differential benefits from eating a vegetarian diet.
You're most likely to come across the adjective differential in scholarly or scientific writing — it's really just a more formal way to say "different" or "differing." Sociological studies or articles often describe differential circumstances or outcomes, like the differential effects on various children of being raised with one parent. The Latin differentia is at the root of differential — it means "diversity or difference," and it comes from differre, "to set apart."
WORD FAMILY
differential: differentially, differentials+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifference: indifferences/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
That said, the South of England as a whole continued to see "slightly stronger price growth" than the North of England, though the differential narrowed.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
While the euro is unusually weak against the resurgent dollar, the pound is far weaker, boosting price differentials on most goods.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“There clearly is a cost differential, and more and more kinds of activity are becoming feasible there,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 差别的; 特意的; [数]微分的; [机，物]差动的
n. [数]微分; 差别; 工资级差; [机]差动器
分布：差别(46%)，微分的(23%)，差别的(19%)，差动齿轮(4%)，特定的(4%)，工资差额(4%)
noun countable
GAP 差距
■an amount of difference between things which are compared 差额；差距
• a price differential 价格差距
• The pay differential between workers and management is too great. 工人与管理者之间的工资差距过大。
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃəl] noun countable
GEAR 齿轮
■a differential gear
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃəl] adjective
■based on a difference 有所区别的，有所差别的
• We have a differential salary structure based on employees' experience. 我们按照员工工作经验的不同采用不同的薪金结构。
diverse, differential
diverse: 多种多样的
differential: 差异的，区别的
adj. [数] [地质] 微分的；差别的；特异的
 - fluxionary
n. [数] 微分；差别
 - distinction, contrast

Word: observatory
Front: observatory
[əbˈzɜ:vətri] (托雅宝 7738/13051 -1)
Vocabulary: observatory
(once / 1330 pages)
n
An observatory is a structure that holds a large telescope for observing the stars and planets or some celestial event. If you want to check out a lunar eclipse, then head to your nearest observatory .
Observatories for examining the distant sky are typically located far from large cities, since light pollution makes it more difficult to see celestial bodies like stars and planets, or events like meteor showers. Another kind of observatory is quite simply a very tall, often skinny building meant for looking down over a city or its coastline. Observatory comes from the verb observe, or "watch," which in turn is rooted in the Latin observare, "watch over or guard."
WORD FAMILY
observatory: observatories+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
During January, Venus will reach its peak height above the horizon, according to the Beckstrom Observatory.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Rangers and Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists are surveying the area.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Government forces also advanced overnight against rebels in the Eastern Ghouta area near Damascus, seizing 10 farms, the Observatory said.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 天文台; 气象台; 瞭望台
分布：天文台(81%)，气象台(15%)，了望台(4%)
→来自observe,观察，注视。用于指天文台，气象台等。
天文台(observe观察+atory场所)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
天文台(observe观察)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
【记】observe（v 观察），tory地方－观察星星的地方－天文台
US [-'zɝ:.və.tɔ:r.i] noun countable
■a building from which scientists can watch the planets, the stars, the weather, etc. 天文台；气象台
n. 天文台； [气象] [天] 气象台；瞭望台
 - meteorological station, belvedere

Word: mundane
Front: mundane
[mʌnˈdeɪn] (托雅宝 8820/9659 -1)
Vocabulary: mundane
(once / 3411 pages)
adj
An ordinary, unexciting thing can be called mundane: "Superman hid his heroic feats by posing as his mundane alter ego, Clark Kent."
Mundane, from the Latin word mundus, "world," originally referred to things on earth. Such things were supposed to be uninteresting when compared to the delights of Heaven; hence the word's present meaning. Writing about reality TV shows, a Newsweek writer opined, "In reality bizarro-world, the mundane is presented as the spectacular" — in other words, people's everyday routines are now televised as entertainment.
WORD FAMILY
mundane: mundanely, mundaneness, mundanity+/mundanity: mundanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there’s a thin line between delivering a few memorable facts and stories and overloading visitors with mundane details.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Crescendoing from totally mundane music video concepts to actual surreal, semi-frightening 3D experiences, the six-piece series shows the artist’s growing mastery of this burgeoning technology.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Then there are the more mundane threats that harm sea life, including coral.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 平凡的; 宇宙的; 寻常的; 世俗的
分布：世俗的(43%)，平凡的(42%)，世界的(15%)
→来自拉丁语mundanus,世界的，世俗的，非神性的，来自mundus,宇宙，世界，秩序，整洁。 引申词义单调的，平凡的。该词基本词义为干净的，整洁的，为拉丁学者为翻译希腊语kosmos 赋予的新词义，可能来自meu,清洗，冲洗，词源同emanate,marine,mere.词义演变比较 cosmos,cosmetic.
【记】m，und＝under，ane：下面的世界－世俗的
【反】exotic（adj 异国情调的）；unearthly（adj 非尘世的）；extraordinary＝unusual（adj 非常特别的）；spiritual（adj 精神上的）
adjective
■very ordinary and therefore not interesting 世俗的；单调的；平凡的
• Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. 她对付帐单、购买食物等单调的琐事不感兴趣。
adj. 世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的
 - ordinary, lay, universal, international, stock

Word: wreckage
Front: wreckage
[ˈrekɪdʒ] (四宝 8825/9903 -1)
Vocabulary: wreckage
(once / 1978 pages)
n
What's left behind after a destructive accident or disaster is called wreckage. The day after tornadoes sweep through a town, its inhabitants might search the wreckage of their houses for mementoes and valuables.
When a bomb goes off, a city floods, or a house burns down, mangled pieces of buildings and cars often remain — wreckage that's a reminder of the catastrophe. After the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank, the wreckage sat on the ocean floor for decades before divers found it. Wreckage comes from wreck, originally "goods washed ashore after a shipwreck."
WORD FAMILY
wreckage: wreckages+/ wreck: wreckage, wrecked, wrecker, wrecking, wrecks/wrecker: wreckers/wrecking: wreckings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s been no sign of any wreckage or survivors since the aircraft disappeared Thursday night.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The wreckage was spotted from a helicopter on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
No memory of rescuers arriving, fighting to free him from the wreckage, calling for a helicopter.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （坠毁物）残片，碎片，残骸; 折断; 失事
分布：残骸(88%)，失事(9%)，破坏(2%)，破减(1%)
→来自wreck,残骸，沉船。
残骸,碎片(wreck残骸,破坏)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
【记】wreck（n 失事，遇难），age－遇难船只
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a badly damaged object or the separated parts of a badly damaged object 严重受损的东西；残骸
• Two children were trapped in the wreckage. 两名儿童被困在残骸里。
• The wreckage of the car was scattered over the roadside. 那辆汽车的残骸散落在路旁。
■what is left of something that has been spoiled or that has failed 剩余物；残存物
• Kate was still clinging to the wreckage of her failed marriage. 凯特仍然执著于她那破碎的婚姻，不想放手。
n. （失事船或飞机等的）残骸；（船只等的）失事
 - remain, debris

Word: liberalization
Front: liberalization
[ˌlɪbrəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (8845/17637)
Vocabulary: liberalization
(once / 10934 pages)
n
Liberalization refers to laws or rules being liberalized, or relaxed, by a government. You might talk about the liberalization of marriage laws in states that allow same-sex marriage.
Liberalization came to the English language in 1835, from the word liberal. Literally translated, it means the act of making more liberal, or freer. While liberal is used to refer to more than just politics––you can have liberal parents––liberalization is used only when speaking of economic or social policies or other government regulations.
WORD FAMILY
liberalization: liberalizations+/ illiberal: illiberality, illiberally/illiberality: illiberalities/ liberal: illiberal, liberalise, liberalism, liberality, liberalize, liberally, liberalness, liberals, neoliberal/liberalise: liberalisation, liberalised, liberalising/ liberalism: liberalisms, liberalist, liberalistic, neoliberalism/liberalist: liberalists/liberality: liberalities/ liberalize: liberalization, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing/neoliberal: neoliberals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deng Xiaoping, his successor who launched China’s economic liberalization, developed rules for sharing and ceding power.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
At first, Taiwan’s economic policy toward China oscillated between extreme restriction and extreme liberalization.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Worse, liberalization in the financial realm was supposed to spur reforms in the real economy, particularly the laggard state-owned industrial sector.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 自由主义化，使宽大; 自由化
分布：自由主义化(72%)，使宽大(14%)，慷慨(14%)
VERB
放宽(对…的)限制；（使）自由化
When a country or government liberalizes, or liberalizes its laws or its attitudes, it becomes less strict and allows people more freedom in their actions.
例：...authoritarian states that have only now begun to liberalise.才刚刚开始实行自由化的独裁国家
例：...the decision to liberalize travel restrictions.放宽旅游限制的决定

Word: raspberry
Front: raspberry
[ˈrɑ:zbəri] (8821/12399 -1)
Vocabulary: raspberry
(once / 2333 pages)
1n 2n
A raspberry is a prickly shrub-like plant that grows small, sweet, red fruit also called raspberries.
Look closely at a raspberry and you'll see it's made up of many tiny connected globes. Raspberries are a popular flavor in jam, pie, syrup, and many other delicious products. While they're often red, you can also find black raspberries and even pale, golden-colored raspberries. If someone gives you a raspberry, it doesn't necessarily mean a tiny piece of fruit — they may be making a rude sound in your direction, also known as a raspberry.
WORD FAMILY
raspberry: raspberries
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is also raspberry jam tagged "anabolic" in reference to steroids also banned in sports.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Fruit and vegetable sales were also up, driven by the popularity of avocadoes, blueberries and raspberries.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
The brain is a Raspberry Pi 3 which runs the step sequencer program, written in python.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 悬钩子（树），覆盆子; 木莓（树）; 呸声，嘘声; [色彩] 紫红色
分布：覆盆子(100%)
→缩写自 raspis berry,悬钩子，来自 berry,莓子，浆果，raspis,词源不详，词源可能同 rasp,粗刮， 刮擦，形容该浆果多毛。raspberry 嘘声，嘲笑声
US ['ræz.ber-] noun
FRUIT 水果
countable or uncountable
■a small soft red fruit, or the bush on which it grows 覆盆子；山莓
• raspberries and ice cream 山莓霜淇淋
• raspberry jam 山莓酱
UK ['rɑ:z.bər.i] US ['ræz.ber-] noun
SOUND 声音
countable informal
■a rude sound made by sticking the tongue out and blowing （伸出舌头并吹气而发出的无礼的）呸声，嘘声
• The boy turned and blew a raspberry at the teacher before running off. 那个男孩子转过身来，冲着老师伸出舌头呸了一声，然后跑掉了。
n. [植] 覆盆子；舌头放在唇间发出的声音；（表示轻蔑，嘲笑等的）咂舌声
 - razzberry, bilberry

Word: prudent
Front: prudent
[ˈpru:dnt] (研六托宝 8823/8554 -1)
Vocabulary: prudent
(once / 156 pages)
adj
Describe an action as prudent if it is the wise thing to do under the existing circumstances. If you're getting in trouble, it is probably prudent to keep your mouth closed and just listen.
If you show good and careful judgment when handling practical matters, you can be described as prudent. Similarly, a wise and well-thought-through decision or action can be called prudent. The word comes from a contracted form of the Latin prōvidēns from the verb "to foresee." The English word provident "wise in planning for the future" is the non-contracted descendent of the same Latin root.
WORD FAMILY
prudent: imprudent, prudence, prudenter, prudentest, prudently+/ imprudence: imprudences/ imprudent: imprudence, imprudenter, imprudently/ prudence: prudences, prudential/prudential: prudentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s entirely possible to believe that the basis for his skepticism is sound and prudent.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s why attacking the settlements’ legality—as opposed to questioning whether they’re prudent—is so insidious.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
For anyone else, this would be a prudent measure and a show of commitment to ethical governing principles.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 小心的，慎重的; 精明的，节俭的; 顾虑周到的，稳健的; 世故的，精明的
分布：谨慎的(79%)，精明的(14%)，有远见的(7%)
→来自古法语prudent,审慎的，谨慎的，来自（缩写自）拉丁语providere,预见，提前看到，提前准备，词源同provide.引申词义精明的。
a.谨慎的,智慧的,稳健的,节俭的He is prudent in doing his duties.他对于执行自己的任务极为小心.
['pru:.dənt] slightly formal
adjective
■avoiding risks and uncertainties; careful 谨慎的，慎重的；精明的
• [+ to infinitive] It's always prudent to read a contract properly before signing it. 签合约前先好好看一下，这样做永远都是明智的。
Opposite imprudent
careful, cautious, attentive, prudent
这些形容词均含有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。
careful: 侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。
cautious: 着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。
attentive: 指认真地注意地倾听别人的意见，留心别人的需要等。
prudent: 指遇事审慎，思考计划周密，不贸然行事。
adj. 谨慎的；精明的；节俭的
 - cautious, wary, provident

Word: celestial
Front: celestial
[səˈlestiəl] (托宝 8813/15138 -1)
Vocabulary: celestial
(once / 592 pages)
adj
What is the difference between a celestial being and a celestial body? The first is something living such as an alien or an angel, whereas the latter is an inanimate object such as a star or a planet. Both, however, are from the sky.
The word celestial is primarily used to describe things that have to do with the heavens such as angels, spirits, stars and planets. It does not come from words meaning God or soul though, but from the Latin word for sky caelestis, which also gave rise to the word ceiling. So really, all you have to do is look up and you'll remember what celestial means — whether you're inside or outside.
WORD FAMILY
celestial: celestially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sometimes the voices people hear are not their own, and instead are attributed to a celestial source.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At one moment in the show, celestial firework patterns in shapes of stars and fireworks lit up the sky as Bowie’s song “Space Oddity” played.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
This causes the sun to appear at its farthest below the celestial equator when viewed from Earth.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 天的，天空的
n. 天人，神仙; （指封建时代的）中国人，天朝之人
分布：天上的(60%)，天神(16%)，中国的(9%)，中国人(7%)，中国人的(4%)，非凡的(4%)
→来自拉丁词caelum, 天空，最终来自kaid,*skai, 照耀，明亮，词源同candle, shine.
天的,天空的[cel=heaven(天空)]
【记】celest天空，ial形容词后缀－天上的
【参】celeste（n 天蓝色）
US [-tʃəl] formal
adjective
■of or from the sky or outside this world 天的，天空的；天外的
• The moon is a celestial body. 月亮是天体中的一员。
adj. 天上的，天空的
 - heavenly, ethereal
n. 神仙，天堂里的居民
 - jinnee, djinni

Word: Taliban
Front: Taliban
None (6947/-)
Back: 塔利班
分布：塔利班(100%)

Word: lest
Front: lest
[lest] (研四六 8827/9641 -1)
Back: conj. 唯恐; 以免; 惟恐; 生怕
分布：以免(78%)，担心(15%)，惟恐(7%)
→来自古英语短语les te,少于某某的情况下，les,即less,te,即that.比较unless,despite.
conj.惟恐,免得Boil the oil soiled by the coil in the toilet lest it spoil.把被盥洗室里的线圈弄脏的油煮开,免得它变质.
[lest] literary
conjunction
■in order to prevent any possibility that something will happen 以免，唯恐
• They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the neighbours. 他们不敢对噪音有任何抱怨，唯恐惹恼了邻居。

Word: unanimous
Front: unanimous
[juˈnænɪməs] (研六托雅宝 8826/8721 -2)
Vocabulary: unanimous
(once / 437 pages)
adj
When a group or a decision is unanimous, it means that everyone is in total agreement. Just imagine if you let third graders vote on what to serve at lunch: Pizza and candy would be the unanimous choice!
The adjective unanimous comes from the similar Latin word unanimus, which means “of one mind.” So when people think unanimously, they all have the same idea in their heads. A vote is unanimous when all voters are in agreement. Said Marcus Cicero, “Great is the power, great is the authority of a senate that is unanimous in its opinions.”
WORD FAMILY
unanimous: unanimity, unanimously +/ unanimity: unanimities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Huskies remain the unanimous No. 1 team in the poll Monday after beating then-No.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Fourth Ohio District Court of Appeals rejected those arguments in a unanimous ruling last week, saying there was sufficient evidence to support the convictions.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There’s a split in the yoga world about the pros and cons of flesh-eating but unanimous consent that gluttony is not your friend.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 全体一致的; 一致同意的，无异议的
分布：全体一致的(56%)，一致同意的(44%)
→un-, 一，词源同unit, -anim, 呼吸，词源同animal, animate.引申词义一致同意。
意见一致的(un+anim生命＋ous→[大家]同一个生命→一致的)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
全体一致的(un+anim+ous)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
a.全体一致的,一致同意的The animals unanimously vanished from the mammal's room furnished with Spanish furniture.动物一齐从配备有西班牙家具的哺乳动物的房间消失.
【记】un＝uni统一，anim生命，精神，ous：有统一的精神－全体一致的
【参】unanimity（n 全体一致）
adjective
■If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group （团体）意见一致的；（决定或裁决）一致通过的，获得全体支援的
• The jury returned a unanimous verdict of guilty after a short deliberation. 陪审团经过短时间商讨后一致裁决有罪。
• After a lengthy discussion we reached a unanimous decision on the proposal. 经过长时间讨论，我们对这一提案作出了一致决定。
• The new format has unanimous support and could be introduced next season. 新的设计获得了一致支持，将会在下个季度推广使用。
adj. 全体一致的；意见一致的；无异议的
 - unobjectionable, undisputed

Word: flute
Front: flute
[flu:t] (8833/8923 -1)
Vocabulary: flute
(once / 813 pages)
1n 2n 3nv
A flute is a thin woodwind instrument: you blow into it and put your fingers over the holes to make music.
There are many types of instruments, such as percussion, brass, and woodwind. One of the most popular woodwind instruments is the flute, which is thin and makes high-pitched sounds. The flute looks like a type of thin tube or pipe with a hole on each end and holes on the body: your fingers go up and down over the holes and you blow into the flute to make music. A flute player is called a flautist.
WORD FAMILY
flute: flautist, fluted, flutes, fluting, flutist+/flautist: flautists/fluting: flutings/flutist: flutists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sure enough, we discover that our ancestors crafted one of the hapless bear’s bones into a flute, one of the oldest artifacts of human ingenuity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Mozart was working in a theater and writing songs for a company that was almost like a circus when he wrote “The Magic Flute.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Massive Attack brought everyone down, then Patrick played African drums and guitar and then a flute and we all laid on yoga mats.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 长笛，长笛吹奏者; 细长香槟杯; （柱上的）凹槽; （女服的）管状裙褶
v. 吹长笛，发笛声; 用长笛吹，用长笛般的声音歌唱; 在…上刻凹槽
时态：fluted, fluting, flutes
分布：长笛(78%)，吹长笛(16%)，凹槽(4%)，发出笛声(1%)，刻凹槽(1%)
→词源不确定。可能为拟声词或来自辅音丛bl, fl, 吹，鼓起，词源同blow, flatulent. 用来指一种木管乐器。
noun countable
■a tube-shaped musical instrument with a hole that you blow across at one end while holding the tube out horizontally to one side of you 长笛

Word: inner-city
Front: inner-city
['inəsiti] None
Back: n. （居民拥挤，住屋破旧的）市中心平民区
adj. 市中心的
adj. 市中心的
 - downtown, intown

Word: tavern
Front: tavern
[ˈtævən] (托 8828/10667 -1)
Vocabulary: tavern
(once / 534 pages)
n
A tavern is a pub or a bar, often one that rents upstairs rooms to travelers.
The word tavern is most popular in the New England region of the United States, where many taverns date back as far as the 1600's and 1700's. A tavern is a drinking establishment that rents rooms — in England, it's much more common to call such a place an "inn." The earliest, thirteenth century meaning of tavern was "wine shop," and by the 1400's it meant "public house or inn." The root word is the Latin taberna, "hut, shop, or inn."
WORD FAMILY
tavern: taverns
USAGE EXAMPLES
José Andrés is moving America Eats Tavern, his ode to historic American recipes, from Tysons Corner to Georgetown next year.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The lodge housed the resort’s business offices as well as the Southwest Grill and Fireplace Tavern dining areas.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
After her mother remarried a builder and tavern owner, they started a new family.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 小旅馆，客栈; 酒馆
分布：酒馆(77%)，客栈(23%)
→来自古法语 taverna,酒馆，旅店，来自拉丁语 taberna,帐篷，酒馆，旅店，异化自*traberna, 屋梁，柱子，来自 treb,居住，聚居，屋梁，词源同 trave,thorp,troop.拼写比较 tornado, 来自西班牙语 tronada,异化自拉丁语 tonare,词源同 thunder.
US [-ɚn] old use
noun countable
■a place where alcohol is sold and drunk 小酒店
n. [建] 酒馆；客栈
 - hotel, pub

Word: flock
Front: flock
[flɒk] (研四六托雅宝 6596/5337 -2)
Vocabulary: flock
(once / 205 pages)
1nv 2n
The word flock refers to a group of animals, like birds or sheep, that have congregated together. The flock of pigeons at the park is so tame that they'll eat right out of your hand.
You can also use flock to mean a congregation of people, like a flock of children at the zoo, or a group of people belonging to a church. As a verb, flock means to gather together as a flock or to move together in a group. You and your friends might flock to the mall when you learn that your favorite singer will be there signing autographs.
WORD FAMILY
flock: flocked, flocking, flocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Demand for urban properties jumped after the housing bust as young, high-earning professionals eschewed homeownership and flocked to big cities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Temple bells echoed at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
The embattled city is never far from the minds of Iraqis who flock to Ahmed’s restaurant.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 兽群，鸟群; 群众; 棉束; 大堆，大量
vi. 群集，成群结队而行
vt. 用棉束填
时态：flocked, flocking, flocks
分布：一群(50%)，羊群(34%)，聚集(9%)，群众(3%)，大堆(2%)，成群而行(1%)，兽群(1%)
→词源不详。可能来自folk, 人们，民众。原指一群人或队伍，后来才用来指兽群，羊群。参照基督教牧师，其原义即为牧羊人。flock 绒毛
n.(一)群,(禽,畜等的)群;大量v.群集,成群At 8 o'clock the clerk locked the flock of cocks in the room.八点钟时办事员将那群公鸡锁在房间里.
【区】block（n 木块；街区；阻滞vt 防碍；阻塞）
【反】segregate（v 隔离）
US [flɑ:k] noun
GROUP 群
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of sheep, goats or birds, or a group of people 羊群；鸟群；人群
• a flock of sheep/goats/geese 一群绵羊／山羊／鹅
• The shepherd is bringing his flock down from the hills. 牧羊人正把他的羊群往山下赶。
• A noisy flock of tourists came into the building. 一群吵吵嚷嚷的游客走进了大楼。
• The vicar invited all the members of his flock (= all the people who go to his church) to attend the special service. 牧师邀请教区的所有信徒参加这一特别仪式。
UK [flɒk] US [flɑ:k] noun
MATERIAL 材料
uncountable (US also flocking)
■soft material used for filling objects such as cushions , or soft material that forms a raised pattern on wallpaper or curtains （充填垫子等的）软填料；（在墙纸或窗帘上制作突起图案用的）短绒，绒屑
UK [flɒk] US [flɑ:k] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move or come together in large numbers 聚集；群集；蜂拥
• Hundreds of people flocked to the football match. 数百人蜂拥前来观看足球比赛。
• [+ to infinitive] Crowds of people flocked to see the Picasso exhibition. 大群人蜂涌去看毕加索画展。
herd, swarm, flock
这组词都有“群”的意思，其区别是：
herd: 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。
swarm: 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。
flock: 主要指鸟群、羊群；也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。
n. 群；棉束（等于floc）
 - cluster, gang, bunch, qun
vi. 聚集；成群而行
 - concentrate, collect, mass, crowd

Word: continuation
Front: continuation
[kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃn] (托宝 8836/6109 -1)
Back: n. 继续，连续，持续; 延续，续篇，（线路等的）延长，延长部分; 连接短裤的帮腿; （报刊等的）续刊、增刊
分布：继续(50%)，延续(48%)，续集(2%)
继续(con+tin+uation)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【反】metamorphosis（n 变形）；continuation without change（持续不变）
[kənˌtɪn.ju'eɪ.ʃən] (formal continuance)
noun countable or uncountable
■when something continues or a thing which continues or follows from something else 继续；持续；延续；继续发生（或进行）之事；某事的后续结果（或影响）
• The continuation of the strike caused a lot of poverty. 持续罢工造成了大量贫困现象。
• It's just a continuation of the bigger river, but called by a different name. 它实际上是那条大河的延续，只是名称不同而已。
n. 继续；续集；延长；附加部分；扩建物
 - extension, segue

Word: barracks
Front: barracks
[ˈbærəks] (8841/7748)
Back: n. 兵营，营房，简陋或难看的房屋; 营房( barrack的名词复数 ); 兵营; （临时性的）棚屋; 外观简陋划一的房屋
v. 向…提供营房（或棚屋）( barrack的第三人称单数 ); 使住入营房（或棚屋）; 大叫; 喝倒彩起哄
分布：兵营(54%)，营房(44%)，不雅观的大建筑物(1%)，名词barrack的复数形式.(1%)
→词源不确定，可能来自西班牙语，barro, 泥土，指用泥土搭建的简易土坯房。或同bar, 杆，棍，指用树枝搭建的简易帐篷。营房是其后来义。
['bær.əks] (plural barracks)
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a building or group of buildings where soldiers live 兵营，营盘
• The barracks was/were surrounded by a high wall. 兵营周围是高墙。
n. 兵营，营房；简陋的房子；警察所（barrack的复数）
 - quarters

Word: assassin
Front: assassin
[əˈsæsɪn] (托 8830/9149 -1)
Vocabulary: assassin
(once / 310 pages)
n
An assassin is someone who murders an important political or religious leader. Brutus is one of the most infamous assassins in history. He murdered Julius Caesar, who ruled Rome in the first century B.C.
The word assassin, pronounced "uh-SASS-in," describes a person who murders a prominent person, like a political or religious leader. Often, this person is hired to kill, though he or she might act on personal motivations. To correctly spell assassin, remember that it has two double s's.
WORD FAMILY
assassin: assassinate, assassins+/ assassinate: assassinated, assassinates, assassinating, assassination, assassinator/ assassination: assassinations/assassinator: assassinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rest of the assassins' account of what happened reads like the screenplay of a horror movie.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
His assassins acted in hopes of saving the czar — and themselves — but the conspiracy backfired.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The assassin shouted, “Don’t forget Aleppo,” apparently referring to Russia’s military engagement in Syria.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 暗杀者，刺客
分布：刺客(76%)，暗杀者(23%)，暗杀基督教十字军成员的穆斯林狂热派(1%)
→来自阿拉伯词hashash, 大麻，烟叶。刺客行刺前吸食有麻醉作用。可参看电影《波斯王子：时之刃》。
noun countable
■someone who kills a famous or important person usually for political reasons or in exchange for money （通常为政治目的或钱杀死名人或重要人物的）暗杀者，行刺者，刺客
• John Lennon's assassin was Mark Chapman. 刺杀约翰，蓝侬的人是马克‧查普曼。
• She hired an assassin to eliminate her rival. 她雇用刺客，除掉她的对手。
n. 刺客，暗杀者
 - stabber, triggerman

Word: nipple
Front: nipple
[ˈnɪpl] (8851/10590 -1)
Back: n. 乳头; <美>（奶品的）橡皮奶头; （枪炮的）火门; [机]喷灯喷嘴，螺纹接套
分布：乳头(99%)，牛奶瓶的奶嘴(1%)
→可能来自nib，鸟嘴，喙，-le,小词后缀。用于俚语乳头，奶嘴。
noun countable
■the dark part of the skin which sticks out from the breast of a mammal and through which milk is supplied to the young 乳头
US for * teat (BOTTLE)
n. [解剖] 乳头，奶头；奶嘴
 - niple, tit

Word: zero
Front: zero
[ˈzɪərəʊ] (中高雅 4886/4296 -K2)
Vocabulary: zero
(once / 687 pages)
1nadj 2nvadj 3nv
Zero means nothing. When you add zero to the number one, you get the number one. If your mother says your new boyfriend is a zero, she thinks he's got nothing going for him.
You might know zero as 0, zilch, zip, nothing, or nada. While it is a number of no value, without it we wouldn't be able to count beyond 9. The temperature at which water freezes is zero degrees Celsius. And if you got a zero on a test, it means that you answered every single question wrong.
WORD FAMILY
zero: non-zero, zeroed, zeroes, zeroing, zeroly, zeros, zeroth
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Dahlin’s first interrogation began about 2am that winter morning, as temperatures outside The Residence plunged to six degrees below zero.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“In this area, let us adhere, clearly and faithfully, to ‘zero tolerance.'”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. （数字）0; 零度
adj. 全无的，没有的
v. . 聚焦，集中
时态：zeroed, zeroing, zeroes
分布：零(87%)，零的(6%)，零度(4%)，瞄准(1%)，最低点(1%)，无价值的(1%)
→来自阿拉伯语sifr,零，空无，神秘，词源cipher,最终来自梵语。
n.零,零度num.零The poet's toes get out of his shoes. Here heroes are zeros.诗人的脚趾露出了鞋子.在这里英雄无足轻重.
US ['zɪr.oʊ] number (plural zeros or zeroes)
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■(the number) 0; nothing （数字）零；没有，全无
• Five, four, three, two, one, zero. 5，4，3，2，1，0。
• The number one million is written with a one and six zeroes (mainly UK alsonoughts). 数字100万要写一个1和六个0。
• Heavy rain has reduced visibility almost to zero (= its lowest point). 大雨已使能见度降到最低。
 ADVANCED uncountable
■on a set of numbers for comparing temperature in degrees Celsius, the level of temperature at which water freezes 零（摄氏）度
• The temperature is expected to drop to ten degrees below zero tonight. 今晚气温预计会降至零下十度。
UK ['zɪə.rəʊ] US ['zɪr.oʊ] adjective
■not any or no 全无的，没有的
• zero growth/inflation 零增长／通货膨胀
• informal He said that his chances of getting the job were zero (= he had no chance). 他说他得到这份工作的可能性为零。
UK ['zɪə.rəʊ] US ['zɪr.oʊ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  zero in on sth/sb
■to aim a weapon directly at something or someone （把武器）瞄准…，瞄向…
• Modern military aircraft use computers to help them zero in on their targets. 现代军用飞机运用电脑来帮助瞄准目标。
UK ['zɪə.rəʊ] US ['zɪr.oʊ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  zero in on sth
■to direct all your attention towards a particular thing 把注意力全部集中于
• We must decide on our target market, then zero in on it. 我们必须确定目标市场，然后将其锁定。
n. 零点， [物] 零度
 - nullity

Word: cedar
Front: cedar
[ˈsi:də(r)] (托 8831/15981 -1)
Vocabulary: cedar
(once / 631 pages)
1n 2n
A cedar is an evergreen tree with a particularly fragrant wood. The trees in your yard that keep their green needles through the winter might be cedars.
There are many different varieties of cedars, including a popular Christmas tree in the Southern US, the Eastern Red Cedar. Cedars are probably best known for the strong, appealing scent of their wood, which is often used to line storage chests or closets, both for the smell and its tendency to repel moths. The Greek root of cedar is kedros.
WORD FAMILY
cedar: cedars
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are a lot of kids who are walking an hour just to get there and read our books,” Cedar said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police said the shooting occurred about 7:45 p.m. in the 200 block of Cedar Street NW.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
After Klein graduated from Holy Cross Leo High School, he decided to attend Cedar Rapids Barber School through a classmate who chose the profession.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 雪松; 西洋杉; 香椿; 香柏
分布：雪松(98%)，雪松木材(2%)
→来自拉丁词cedrus, 香柏松。词源可能同citrus.
US [-dɚ] noun
countable
■a tall wide evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree 雪松
uncountable (also cedarwood)
■the wood of this tree 雪松木
n. 雪松；香柏；西洋杉木
 - cedrus

Word: smear
Front: smear
[smɪə(r)] (托宝 8842/11794 -2)
Vocabulary: smear
(once / 1436 pages)
vn
To smear something is to smudge or blur it. You might literally smear your pen-and-ink drawing, or figuratively have your reputation smeared by getting caught in a lie.
You can also smear things physically by smoothing them onto another surface, like when you smear lip balm on your mouth or smear cream cheese on your bagel. When you smear a person, however, you cause them real harm by hurting their reputation badly. A politician might smear an opponent by falsely claiming they lied about where they went to college, for example. That kind of smear can be hard to erase.
WORD FAMILY
smear: smeared, smearing, smears
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the exact quote is, “Administration should support and defend activist groups by nullifying slander and smear campaign from bigger group.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Critics of this notion, however, protest what they see as a character smear — a suggestion that everybody, deep down, is racist.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
A white car with blood streaks and smears was at the scene.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 胡乱涂抹; 弄脏; 诽谤; 变得模糊不清
n. 污迹; 抹黑; 丑化
时态：smeared, smearing, smears
分布：诽谤(49%)，涂抹(22%)，弄脏(13%)，污点(12%)，涂料(4%)
→来自古英语 smerian,涂抹，抹油，傅油，来自 Proto-Germanic*smerwjan,抹油，来自 smeru,
【记】smile ear：嘴笑到耳朵，因为他诽谤成功了。
US [smɪr] verb
SPREAD 涂抹
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to spread a liquid or a thick substance over a surface 涂抹（黏腻的东西）
• The children had smeared peanut butter all over the sofa. 孩子们把花生酱抹得沙发上到处都是。
• Can you explain why the front of your car is smeared with blood? 你能解释一下为甚么你的汽车前部沾有血迹吗？
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] verb
ACCUSE 指控
transitive
■to publicly accuse someone of something unpleasant, unreasonable or unlikely to be true in order to harm their reputation 诽谤，污蔑
• She decided to sue for libel after the newspaper smeared her private life. 这家报纸对她的私生活造谣诬蔑，她决定告以诽谤罪。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
SPREAD 涂抹
■a dirty mark made by spreading a liquid or a thick substance over a surface 污点（将某种液体或稠厚物质涂在表面上形成的污点）
• You'd look very stylish if it wasn't for that smear of ketchup on your shirt. 如果不是衬衫上那抹蕃茄酱的话，你看起来会很帅气。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
ACCUSING 指控
■when someone is publicly accused of something unpleasant, unreasonable or unlikely to be true with the intention of harming their reputation 诽谤，污蔑
• The prime minister has dismissed the allegations as smears and innuendo. 首相把那些指控斥为肆意诽谤和影射。
• She claims she was the victim of a smear campaign (= repeated attempts to damage her reputation). 她声称自己是一系列抹黑行动的受害者。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
MEDICAL TEST 医学试验 UK (also smear test) (US pap smear)
■a medical test in which cells from a woman's cervix entrance to the womb are removed and examined to discover if there is any disease （子宫颈）抹片检查
vt. 诽谤；弄脏；涂上；把…擦模糊
 - soil, mud, spot, wrong, dirty
n. [生物] 涂片；诽谤；污点
 - scandal, personalities
vi. 被弄脏
 - smudge

Word: dangerously
Front: dangerously
['deɪndʒərəslɪ] (8838/7676)
Back: adv. 危险地，可能引起危险地
分布：危险地(100%)
US [-dʒɚ-] adverb
 IMPROVER
■in a way that is dangerous 危险地，不安全地
• She drives dangerously. 她开车时险象环生。
• He likes to live dangerously. 他喜欢冒险。
adv. 危险地；不安全
 - treacherously, jeopardously

Word: all-purpose
Front: all-purpose
[ɔ:l 'pɜ:pəs] None
Back: adj. 通用的，多用途的; 万能
分布：通用的(100%)
ADJ
通用的；多用途的
You use all-purpose to refer to things that have lots of different uses or can be used in lots of different situations.
例：Use all-purpose flour if you cannot find pastry flour.如果找不到面点专用粉，可以用通用面粉。
adj. 通用的；多用途的
 - universal, current, utility

Word: intellect
Front: intellect
[ˈɪntəlekt] (六托雅宝 8849/8730 -1)
Vocabulary: intellect
(once / 90 pages)
n
Intellect is how much intelligence you have. Einstein was known for having a great intellect. Mickey Mouse's friend Goofy has almost no intellect to speak of.
Intellect is the mental equivalent of athletic ability or fashion sense, so someone is an intellect if they have great intellectual ability just as an athlete is someone who has great athletic ability. Intellect is something everyone has in some degree. If someone talks down to you, it's an insult to your intellect. Your teacher might say you have a sharp intellect if you have the intellect to figure out difficult problems. An intellectual is a person who has a lot of knowledge and prefers to think about things on an abstract or theoretical level rather than a practical one.
WORD FAMILY
intellect: intellects, intellectual +/ intellectual: anti-intellectual, intellectualisation, intellectualization, intellectually, intellectuals, nonintellectual/intellectualization: intellectualizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why do we revere the intellect and ignore or distrust the body?
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Davis became a coaching incubator, a charmed pocket of football intellect.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Is scientific discovery all about starry intellects and eureka moments?
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 智力，理解力; 有才智的人; 知识分子
分布：智力(77%)，理智(18%)，才智非凡的人(3%)，知识份子(2%)
→intel-,在中间，来自inter-的变体，-lect,选择，选出，词源同collect,elite.即鉴别的能力，引申词义智力，才智。词义演变比较science.
智慧,智者(intel在...中间+lect→在中间选出的人→智者)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
【记】intel＝inter在…中间，lect选择－在中间选出的人－有智力的人
【区】intelligible（adj 可理解的）＝comprehensible
US [-tˌə-] noun
uncountable
■the ability to understand and to think in an intelligent way, or the ability to do these things to a high level 智力；理解力；才智
• Her energy and intellect are respected all over the world. 她的干劲和才智得到了全世界的尊重。
• He is a man more noted for his intellect than his charm. 相比其魅力，他的才智更为人瞩目。
countable formal
■a very educated person whose interests are studying and other activities that involve careful thinking 知识分子
mind, intellect, intelligence, brains, wit, wisdom
这些名词均有“智力，智慧”之意。
mind: 使用广泛，无褒贬之意。强调诸如认识、记忆、思考、决定等的智慧功能。
intellect: 侧重不受感情或意志左右的冷静思考或领悟能力。
intelligence: 指处理或对付问题或情况的特殊才智；也指运用、展开智慧的能力。
brain: (多用复数brains)强调理解能力和独立的或者首创性的思维能力。
wit: 指先天的才能、智力、意识等，隐含小聪明意味。
wisdom: 较文雅，也可指明智的言行。
intellect, wit, wisdom, mind, brain, intelligence
这组词都有“智力，智慧”的意思，其区别是：
intellect: 侧重不受感情或意志左右的冷静思考或领悟能力。
wit: 指先天的才能、智力、意识等，隐含小聪明意味。
wisdom: 较文雅，也可指明智的言行。
mind: 使用广泛，无褒贬之意。强调诸如认识、记忆、思考、决定等的智慧功能。
brain: (多用复数brains)强调理解能力和独立的或者首创性的思维能力。
intelligence: 指处理或对付问题或情况的特殊才智；也指运用、展开智慧的能力。
n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的人
 - brain, understanding, mind, mentality, head

Word: popcorn
Front: popcorn
[ˈpɒpkɔ:n] (高托 8839/25500 -1)
Back: n. 爆米花; 保护物品的小片：大量用于包装及运输中保护物品的一种小片，如聚苯乙烯; 淡黄色
分布：爆米花(100%)
→pop,爆炸，corn,玉米。
US ['pɑ:p.kɔ:rn] noun uncountable
■seeds of maize that are heated until they break open and become soft and light, usually flavoured with salt, butter or sugar 爆玉米花
• a tub of popcorn 一桶爆米花
n. 爆米花，爆玉米花
 - puffed rice

Word: contemporary
Front: contemporary
[kənˈtemprəri] (高研四六托雅 1947/2068 -K3)
Vocabulary: contemporary
(once / 244 pages)
adjn
Things that are contemporary are either happening at the same time or happening now. Contemporary art is recent art.
In history class, if you hear that one famous person was a contemporary of another, that means they lived at the same time. Contemporaries are people and things from the same time period. Contemporary can also describe things happening now or recently. It's common to speak of contemporary music or contemporary furniture, for example. Those things are new, not old. Anything characteristic of the present day can be called contemporary.
WORD FAMILY
contemporary: contemporaries, contemporarily, contemporise, contemporize+/contemporise: contemporised, contemporising/contemporize: contemporized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Susan Sontag once wrote that “in contemporary English letters he seems to me peerless.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Cohen is well aware of the contemporary arguments arrayed against America’s interest, or competence, in waging war, which he addresses in Chapter 1.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Stefan Kalmár is a veteran art industry and gallery insider and the new director of the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 当代的，现代的; 同时代的，同属一个时期的
n. 同代人; 同辈人; 同龄人; 当代人
分布：当代的(42%)，同时代的(30%)，同时代的人(18%)，同龄人(10%)
→con-, 强调。-temp, 时间，词源同temporary.
同时代的(con+tempor时间+ary→同时间的)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
当代的;同代的(con共同+tempor+ary→时间相同→同代的)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
a.现代的,当代的;同时代的Because of the temperature tempo, I temporarily lost temper to my contemporary in the temple.由于温度进度的原因,我在庙里一时地同代人发了脾气.
US [-pə.rer-] adjective
EXISTING NOW 存在于现在的
 IMPROVER
■existing or happening now 当代的；现代的
• contemporary music/literature/art/fashion 当代音乐／文学／艺术／时尚
• Although it was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a contemporary (= modern) feel to it. 尽管它写于几百年前，但读来仍具现代感。
UK [kən'tem.pər.ər.i] US [-pə.rer-] adjective
OF SAME PERIOD 同时期的
■belonging to the same or a stated period in the past 同时期的，同时代的
• Almost all of the contemporary accounts of the event have been lost. 几乎所有关于这一事件的同时期的记载都遗失了。
• Most of the writers he was contemporary with were interested in the same subjects. 和他同时代的大多数作家都对同样的题材感兴趣。
UK [kən'tem.pər.ər.i] US [-pə.rer-] noun countable
■someone living during the same period as someone else 同时代的人
• Was he a contemporary of Shakespeare's? 他和莎士比亚是同时代的人吗？
■a person who is of the same age as you 同龄人，同辈
• She didn't mix with her contemporaries, preferring the company of older people. 她不和同龄人混在一起，而是喜欢和年长的人相处。
modern, present, up-to-date, contemporary, current, recent
这组词都有“现代的，当代的”的意思，其区别是：
modern: 指现代或近代，时期可长可短。也可指新颖、时髦的。
present: 是这些词中语气最强的一个。指现在正发生、起作用的。
up-to-date: 一般用于非正式场合，指很时新、能反映当前的最新发展。
contemporary: 仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代。但可表示不同的人或物存在于同一时代。
current: 指目前存在和发生的。
recent: 表示新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰的人或物而定。
n. 同时代的人；同时期的东西
 - coeval
adj. 当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的
 - modern-day, cotemporary

Word: beginner
Front: beginner
[bɪˈgɪnə(r)] (四 8837/7066 -2)
Vocabulary: beginner
(once / 1808 pages)
n
A beginner is someone who's brand new at something. In swimming lessons, a beginner practices putting her face in the water and blowing bubbles.
If you're a beginner, you're a novice or an amateur — in other words, you're still learning. When you're learning to drive, you're a beginner and probably need the help of an instructor while you drive carefully around your neighborhood. A beginner at speaking French might be able to say a few phrases and know some basic vocabulary words. The earliest meaning of beginner, from the 14th century, was "founder," or "person who establishes an institution."
WORD FAMILY
beginner: beginners+/ begin: began, begining, beginner, beginning, begins, begun/ beginning: beginnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Boston Globe called “Beginners” “the passive work of a man nervous to touch the third rail of his parents’ discontent.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Writer-director Mike Mills follows up his portrait of his father in “Beginners” with a look at this mother in “20th Century Women.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Several hundred U.S. ski resorts are participating in Learn to Ski & Snowboard Month in January with discounted deals for beginners.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 新手，初学者; 创立人，鼻祖; 初学者的好运气（或意外成功）
分布：初学者(75%)，新手(25%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person who is starting to do something or learn something for the first time 新手，初学者
• This judo class is for beginners only. 这个课程是专为初学者开设的。
n. 初学者；新手；创始人
 - author, learner, novice

Word: flex
Front: flex
[fleks] (8856/10017 -1)
Vocabulary: flex
(once / 447 pages)
1vn 2v
When you flex something, you bend or contract it. To appear super tough, you might flex your archery bow while flexing your muscles.
Things curve and bend when they flex, whether they're human joints or objects made of a bendable material like plastic or soft wood. Another way to flex is to tense or contract a muscle: "The weightlifter flexes her biceps." Experts suspect that flexible came first, from the Latin root flexibilis, "flexible, pliant, or yielding," and figuratively, "tractable, or easily influenced."
WORD FAMILY
flex: flexed, flexes, flexible, flexing, flexure+/ flexibility: flexibilities/ flexible: flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, inflexible /flexure: flexures/ inflexibility: inflexibilities/ inflexible: inflexibility, inflexibleness, inflexiblest, inflexibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sen. Elizabeth Warren is flexing her fundraising muscles on behalf of fellow Senate Democrats as she looks ahead to the 2018 elections.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If not, sparklers or terrible indoor fireworks are a low-cost way for teens and pre-teens to flex their sarcasm muscles.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He is not running with any authority or burst, and should not be considered as anything more than a flex option this week.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 弯曲（关节）; 收缩（肌肉）; 显示力量
n. 弯曲; [电]花线
时态：flexed, flexing, flexes
分布：弯曲(45%)，弹性(19%)，屈曲(14%)，伸缩(12%)，花线(10%)
→来自flexible的回构词。
弯曲[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
verb transitive
■to bend an arm, leg, etc. or tighten a muscle 活动（手臂、腿等）；使（肌肉）绷紧
• First, straighten your legs, then flex your feet. 首先，伸直双腿，接着活动双脚。
• He tried to impress me by flexing his huge muscles. 他绷紧他那些大块的肌肉，想让我注意他。
[fleks] verb transitive
flex your muscles
■to try to worry an opponent by publicly showing military, political or financial power （透过军事、政治或经济实力的展示向对手）显示实力，显示力量
• The parade is the first sign of the new regime flexing its military muscles. 阅兵式是新政权显示其军事实力的第一个信号。
⇒ See also muscle-flexing
[fleks] noun countable or uncountable UK (US cord)
■(a length of) wire with a plastic cover used for connecting a piece of electrical equipment to a supply of electricity （一段）花线，（一段）皮线
• The flex on this iron isn't long enough to reach the socket. 熨斗的电源皮线不够长，接不到插座上。
vt. 折曲；使收缩
 - constringe, shrink
vi. 弯曲；收缩
 - contract, bend
n. 屈曲；电线；松紧带
 - band, buckling

Word: dim
Front: dim
[dɪm] (研四六托雅宝 5733/7081 -2)
Vocabulary: dim
(once / 135 pages)
1adjv 2adjv 3adj 4adj
Dim has several meanings related to a lack of light, hope, or knowledge. A room that is not well lit is dim, a slow thinker is dim, and when life looks hopeless, your prospects are dim.
To dim a light is to dull it, like by putting a shade over it. A vague idea without a lot of specifics is also dim, since it's hard to see or understand the idea. Someone who's not very bright is dim or a dimwit. When things are hopeless, they're dim too. For example, if a football team is losing by fifty points, their chances of winning are dim.
WORD FAMILY
dim: dimly, dimmed, dimmest, dimming, dimness, dims+/dimmed: undimmed/dimness: dimnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is there anything better than the Met’s Viennese chandeliers gliding to the ceiling as the lights dim?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The fast-paced techno music played in a second-floor room, up a dim stairwell and down a long corridor.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
My father indicated towards me and said, “No, he’s the dim one.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 暗淡的，昏暗的; 不光明的; 看不清的; （性质和特征上）不显著的
vt. & vi. （使）变暗淡; （使）变模糊; （使）减弱; 变淡漠
n. 笨蛋，傻子
时态：dimmed, dimming, dims
分布：暗淡的(57%)，模糊的(20%)，使暗淡(9%)，使失去光泽(4%)，车头近光灯(4%)，停车灯(4%)，笨的(2%)
→来自dhem, 烟，雾，模糊，词源同dumb. dull.
a.暗淡的,模糊的With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
adjective (dimmer, dimmest)
NOT CLEAR 不清楚的
■not giving or having much light 光线暗的，暗淡的，昏暗的
• The lamp gave out a dim light. 那盏灯发出暗淡的光芒。
• He sat in a dim corner of the waiting-room. 他坐在候车室一个昏暗的角落里。
• We could see a dim (= not easily seen) shape in the fog. 在雾中我们可以看见一个模模糊糊的影子。
■literary
■If your eyes are dim, you cannot see very well. 模糊的，看不清的
a dim memory/recollection, etc.
■something that you remember slightly, but not very well 模糊的记忆／回忆等
• I had a dim recollection of having met her before. 我隐约记得以前好像见过她。
[dɪm] adjective (dimmer, dimmest)
NOT CLEVER 愚笨的 informal
■not very clever 愚笨的，迟钝的
• He's a nice chap, but a little dim. 他是个好小伙儿，只是头脑有些迟钝。
• Don't be dim! 别发傻了！
[dɪm] adjective (dimmer, dimmest)
NOT POSITIVE 不乐观的
■not likely to succeed 前景暗淡的，不乐观的
• The company's prospects for the future are rather dim. 该公司未来的发展前景不容乐观。
[dɪm] adjective (dimmer, dimmest)
take a dim view of sth
■to disapprove of something 不看好，不赞成
• I take a dim view of this kind of behaviour. 我不赞成这种行为。
[dɪm] verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
■to (make something) become less bright （使）变暗，（使）亮度降低
• Someone dimmed the lights. 有人调低了灯的亮度。
• The lights dimmed and the curtains opened. 灯光暗了下来，大幕随之拉开。
■literary
■to (make a positive feeling or quality) become less strong （使）减弱，（使）变淡
• Our hopes/expectations dimmed as the hours passed. 我们的希望／期望随着时间的流逝变得越来越渺茫了。
faint, dim, indefinite, vague, obscure, ambiguous
这组词都有“不明确的，模糊的”的意思，其区别是：
faint: 指对某事物印象不深，或指声音微弱或希望的渺茫等。
dim: 侧重指或因光线暗淡，或因年代久远、身体欠佳等因素而产生视觉或察觉方面的困难。
indefinite: 指无明确定义或限定，重点或总体轮廓不明确。
vague: 多指因语言不确切，太笼统或因构思含糊、不完善而造成模糊难解。
obscure: 语气最强，指晦涩难懂。
ambiguous: 指文章或讲话中，意思可能有多种理解，令人捉摸不定。
dim, unclear, vague, obscure, ambiguous
这组词都有“模糊”的意思，其区别是：
dim: a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。
 • Don't work in dim light.   不要在昏暗的光线下工作。
 • His changes of recovery from illness are dim.   他康复的可能性十分渺茫。
unclear: a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。
 • Unclear writing is difficult to understand.   模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
 • It is unclear whether the economy will get better.   经济是否好转仍不明朗。
vague: a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
 • He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.   他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。
obscure: a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。
 • The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.   艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
ambiguous: a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
 • His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.   他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。
dim, dark, vague, grey, obscure, black, gloomy
这组词都有“完全地或不完全地缺少光亮”的意思，其区别是：
dim: 指光线不足或视力较差，不能清晰地看见物体。
dark: 最普通用词，指缺乏自然光线或人工照明，使某物漆黑无光或光线十分微弱。
vague: 通常作借喻用，形容抽象事物。
grey: 与dark意思相近，但侧重阴暗单调的意味。
obscure: 指因光线不充足而使物体灰暗不清，失去光泽或若隐若现。作借喻时指因复杂、深奥或含糊而难于理解。
black: 侧重颜色是黑色的，有时也指无光的黑暗。
gloomy: 指光线不足或部分光线受阻而出现的阴暗。
adj. 暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的
 - fuzzy, dark, dirty, lowering
vt. 使暗淡，使失去光泽；使变模糊
 - breathe upon
vi. 变模糊，变暗淡
 - fog, mist
n. 笨蛋，傻子
 - simple, turkey, put, idiot, stupid

Word: etch
Front: etch
[etʃ] (托宝 8832/11663 -1)
Vocabulary: etch
(once / 1611 pages)
1v 2v
If you etch something you are cutting into it. You can etch "I ♥ U" into a tree trunk with a pocket knife or etch your initials in your desk with a key (if the teacher's not looking).
However and whatever you etch, it is generally considered a deep and lasting mark. The figurative use of etch is just as common as its literal sense. A particularly powerful memory, image or emotion is said to "etch itself" into your mind, meaning, like that piece of graffiti you etched into the tree trunk, it won't be likely to be erased anytime soon. Incise and carve are often interchangeable with etch.
WORD FAMILY
etch: etched, etcher, etches, etching+/etcher: etchers/etching: etchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He etched the name “Evans” into it and carved an intricate pattern.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The outline of a cross is still visible on the synagogue’s front window, etched by a vandal years ago.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Food is etched into our identity, and in many cases it is quite literally written into our names.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 蚀刻，浸蚀; 刻划，描述; 铭刻在心里/记忆里/脑海里; 铭记
n. 腐蚀剂
时态：etched, etching, etches
分布：蚀刻(71%)，鲜明地描述(14%)，铭刻(11%)，流露出(4%)
→来自词根ed, 吃，词源同eat, edible.
【记】酸（etch读：爱吃）金属和玻璃
【区】itch（v /n 发痒；渴望）；etching（n 蚀刻版画；蚀刻术）
【反】efface（v 擦掉）
verb transitive
■to cut a pattern, picture, etc. into a smooth surface, especially on metal or glass, using acid or sometimes a sharp instrument （尤指在金属或玻璃上）蚀刻，凿出
• He etched his name on a piece of glass. 他把自己的名字蚀刻在一块玻璃上。
[etʃ] verb transitive
be etched somewhere (also be etched with sth) literary
■If a feeling, emotion or shape is etched somewhere, it can be seen there very clearly （感觉、情绪、形状）刻在，印在，显出
• His face was etched with pain. 他的脸上流露出痛苦的神情。
• Confusion and sadness were etched on their faces. 他们一脸的迷茫和悲哀。
• The foothills of the Himalayas were sharply etched against the pale blue sky. 在淡蓝色天空的映衬下，喜马拉雅山的山麓小丘轮廓清晰鲜明。
[etʃ] verb transitive
be etched on/in your memory
■to be something that you will continue to remember 永志难忘；铭记
• The scene will be etched on my memory forever. 这个场景将永远铭刻在我的记忆中。
vt. [冶] [印刷] 蚀刻；鲜明地描述；铭记
 - brand, heart
n. 刻蚀；腐蚀剂
 - sculpture, mechanical erosion

Word: nightly
Front: nightly
[ˈnaɪtli] (8835/14570 -1)
Vocabulary: nightly
(once / 1205 pages)
adjadv
Nightly things happen on a regular basis, every single night. Your nightly exercise routine and sponge bath are good examples of this.
You can use nightly as an adjective or adverb, to describe something that occurs every night. The sun sets nightly, and most people eat dinner nightly and climb into bed nightly. Your exercise regimen might include nightly sit ups, and your dog may require nightly walks around the block. The Old English root of nightly is niht, which means both "night" and "darkness."
WORD FAMILY
night: midnight, nightly, nights, overnight +/ midnight: midnights/ overnight: overnighter, overnights/overnighter: overnighters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nightly visions appear to us in the form of bold, 72-point type headlines.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The nightly price drops from $2,000 to $1,200.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The Wizards’ signature, he believed, would be a crew that shuts down opponents on a nightly basis.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 每夜（的），夜夜（的）
分布：夜间的(51%)，每夜的(31%)，每夜地(18%)
adjective adverb
DARK PERIOD 黑暗的时段
■(happening) every night 每夜（的）
• Nightly bombardment of the city looks set to continue. 对这座城市的夜间轰炸看来还要持续下去。
['naɪt.li] adjective adverb
EVENING 晚上
■(happening) every evening 每晚的
• They're appearing/performing twice nightly at the Playhouse Theatre. 他们每晚在剧场剧院表演两场。
• a nightly visit/news broadcast 夜访／晚间新闻报道

Word: shut
Front: shut
[ʃʌt] (中高研四六托 1541/1788 -K3)

Word: persecution
Front: persecution
[ˌpɜ:sɪ'kju:ʃn] (8852/9750)
Vocabulary: persecution
(once / 446 pages)
n
Persecution is unfair or abusive treatment toward a person or group of people, such as the persecution of someone who is different by calling him or her rude names and making threats.
The noun persecution is related to persecute, which comes from Latin persecut-, meaning “followed with hostility.” Persecution means hassling or singling out a person or group because of race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, or social status. In many schools, the persecution of students by bullies has resulted in a zero-tolerance policy for such despicable behavior.
WORD FAMILY
persecution: persecutions+/ persecute: persecuted, persecutes, persecuting, persecution, persecutor/persecutor: persecutors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pastor Brunson’s treatment is also symptomatic of growing Christian persecution in Turkey.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He pointed to Thailand forcibly repatriating ethnic Uighurs to China despite the risk they would face persecution.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But international law prohibits "push-backs" to areas where migrants are at risk from war or persecution.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 迫害或受迫害，烦扰; 苛求，困扰
分布：迫害(100%)
迫害(per+secut+ion)[secut,sequ=follow表示"跟随"]
US [ˌpɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■unfair or cruel treatment over a long period of time because of race, religion, or political beliefs （因种族、宗教、政治理念）迫害；虐待；烦扰，纠缠
• They left the country out of fear of persecution. 他们因害怕遭受迫害而离开了这个国家。
• refugees escaping from political persecution 逃避政治迫害的难民
n. 迫害；烦扰
 - feeze

Word: first-time
Front: first-time
['fə:sttaim] None
Back: adj. 初次的
分布：第一次(100%)
adj. 初次的，第一次的
 - maiden

Word: worthless
Front: worthless
[ˈwɜ:θləs] (高四六 8848/9506 -1)
Vocabulary: worthless
(once / 631 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you have your antique pearl necklace appraised by a jeweler and learn that it's a worthless fake, you'll be terribly disappointed, since something that's worthless has no monetary value.
Use the adjective worthless to describe something that has no use or isn't worth any money. Your old broken-down car, a stamp collection with no value, and your no-good roommate who never cleans and won't pay his share of the rent could all be described as worthless. The roots are the Old English words weorð, "equal in value to," and leas, "devoid of."
WORD FAMILY
worthless: worthlessly, worthlessness +/unworthiness: unworthinesses/unworthy: unworthily, unworthiness/ worth: self-worth, worthful, worthless, worths, worthy /worthiness: worthinesses/ worthlessness: worthlessnesses/ worthy: unworthy, worthier, worthies, worthiest, worthily, worthiness, worthyly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If we must prove our worth, it is possible to be worthless.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Some saw vast amounts of untaxed holdings suddenly rendered worthless.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This year, a legislative audit essentially found that both the latter bodies are worthless.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无价值的，不值钱的; 卑微的; 不足取的，不足道的; 不足轻重
分布：无价值的(75%)，无用的(23%)，可鄙的(2%)
US ['wɝ:θ-] adjective
NO MONEY 不值钱的
■having no value in money 无价值的；不值钱的
• The company's shares are now virtually worthless shares. 那家公司的股票实际上现在已经毫无价值。
• He said the jewels were worthless fakes. 他说这些珠宝是毫无价值的赝品。
UK ['wɜ:θ.ləs] US ['wɝ:θ-] adjective
NOT IMPORTANT 不重要的
■not important or not useful 不重要的；没有价值的
• She was criticised so much by her employers that she began to feel worthless. 她多次受到老板们的批评，因而开始觉得自己一无是处。
worthy be ~ of, worthwhile, worth be ~ sth/doing, worthless
worthy be ~ of: 够得上，值得
worthwhile: 值得花时间的，值得做的
worth be ~ sth/doing: 值得
worthless: 无价值的
worthwhile, worthless, worth, worthy
worthwhile: 值得的(可作定语和表语)。如：That is a worthwhile program.(那是一个值得听的节目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(当今有价值的电影很少。)
worthless: 无价值的，无用的(可作定语和表语，无比较级)。如：These stamps are worthless.(这些邮票无价值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要读些没用的书。)
worth: 值……钱，值得……的。如：This house is worth a lot of money.(这房值很多钱。)The radio program is worth listening to. (这广播节目值得听。)
worthy: (1)有价值的，可尊敬的(常作定语)。如：The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老师是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表语)。如：The man is worthy of praise.(这人值得称赞。)它的动词句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).
adj. 无价值的；不值钱的；卑微的
 - cheap, valueless

Word: preoccupied
Front: preoccupied
[priˈɒkjupaɪd] (8846/7767)
Vocabulary: preoccupied
(once / 1552 pages)
adj
When you're preoccupied, you're completely focused on whatever it is that you're doing. It's good to be preoccupied when you're driving, as long as you're preoccupied with the road and not with your cell phone.
Have you ever been so preoccupied with another person that you couldn't hear or see anyone else when you were in the same room as them? Well, it sounds like you were in love! You can be preoccupied with a person, a place, or even a hobby, like collecting baseball cards or seashells. Preoccupied can also mean that you are wrapped up in your own thoughts, which is good if you find yourself to be the most amusing person in the world.
WORD FAMILY
preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in an academic field that is preoccupied with the study of efficiency and productivity, Grant would seem to be the most efficient and productive.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Although this discussion is preoccupied with emails, the potential applicability to certain scathing late-night Trump tweets is obvious.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Instead, he and his team were preoccupied with a large turtle shell that was on the other side of the same rock.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 全神贯注的，入神的; 被抢先占有的; 心事重重的
v. 占据（某人）思想，使对…全神贯注，使专心于( preoccupy的过去式)
分布：全神贯注的(55%)，出神的(25%)，抢先占有的(10%)，动词preoccupy的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
US [-'ɑ:.kju:-] adjective
■thinking or worrying about something too much 全神贯注的，入神的；心事重重的
• She's been very preoccupied recently because her mother has been very ill. 近来由于母亲病情严重，她无暇他顾。
• Why is the media so preoccupied with the love lives of politicians? 为甚么媒体如此关注政客们的感情生活呢？
adj. 全神贯注的；心事重重的；被先占的
 - concentrated, rapt

Word: inspired
Front: inspired
[ɪnˈspaɪəd] (宝 8847/9643)
Vocabulary: inspired
(once / 211 pages)
adj
Inspired is an adjective that describes something of excellent quality. If your singing in a choral concert is particularly inspired, people can hear your voice hitting all the right notes beautifully.
If something is so extraordinary that it's worthy of being described as inspired, you might think that the gods had something to do with its creation. In fact, inspired originally meant "directly inspired by God or gods." It comes from the Latin in-"in" and spirare "to breathe." Maybe such supernatural power did breathe life into something truly excellent. Or maybe the humans just worked very hard and had a great idea.
WORD FAMILY
inspired: inspiredly, uninspired+/ inspiration: inspirational, inspirations/ inspirational: inspirationally/ inspire: inspiration, inspiratory, inspired, inspirer, inspires, inspiring /inspirer: inspirers/ inspiring: inspiringly, uninspiring/uninspiring: uninspiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shoe in question was the Nike Air Rift, or “split-toe” inspired by Kenyan barefoot distance runners allowing extra toe movement.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A 1934 American novel, about the eventual suicide of the fictional character Julian English, was also inspired by the tale and borrowed its title.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And, personally, I respond more to being gently inspired than harangued.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 有创造力的; 品质优秀的; 有雄心壮志的; （与名词、形容词以及副词构成形容词）受…影响的
v. 鼓舞( inspire的过去式和过去分词 ); 激励; 赋予某人灵感; 启迪
分布：有灵感的(60%)，授意的(16%)，有创见的(16%)，动词inspire的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
有灵感的(in+spired有呼吸的→有生命的,有灵感的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
US [-'spaɪrd] adjective
■excellent, or resulting from inspiration 卓越的；凭灵感创作的
• an inspired performance/choice 精彩的表演／凭直觉做的选择
• an inspired suggestion/guess 凭灵感所做的建议／猜测
v. 激发（inspire的过去分词）；鼓舞
 - vitalized

Word: rake
Front: rake
[reɪk] (研四六 8861/10098 -1)
Vocabulary: rake
(once / 682 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
If it’s fall and the yard is covered with leaves, you'll want to get out the rake, a long-handled tool with a row of tines. Either that, or get out the excuses and leave the leaves where they lie.
Rake has several senses, including to use a rake to gather leaves or smooth soil. Rake can also mean to search something — the way police may rake through a crime scene for clues or the way you may rake through a messy desk to find a pencil. A rake is also a slanted plane — it's often used to refer to a slanted stage in a theater. In high society, a rake is an immoral man.
WORD FAMILY
rake: raked, rakes, raking, rakish +/ rakish: rakishly, rakishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man told police that two men showed with rakes and offered to clear up his leaves.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
With each election cycle, state-level political committees rake in millions from individuals and organizations seeking influence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Rake saffron and powdered pepper and throw them on the honey.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 耙子; 放荡的男人; 倾斜度
v. 耙; 梳理; 扫视; 搜寻
时态：raked, raking, rakes
分布：耙子(52%)，搜索(14%)，斜度(10%)，放荡的人(8%)，收集(5%)，倾角(5%)，使倾斜(2%)，用耙子聚(2%)，耙状物(2%)
→来自古英语 raca,耙子，来自 Proto-Germanic*rak,堆集，集中，来自 reg,伸直，拉直，词 源同 regulate,reach,rack.可能由堆积引申词义陡坡，倾斜。rake 浪子，放荡子
n.耙子,耙机v.耙;搜索,探索The cake maker shakes a naked snake with the quaking rake without sake.蛋糕制造者无缘无故地用抖动的耙子摇一条赤裸的蛇.
noun countable
TOOL 工具
■a garden tool with a long handle and long pointed metal parts sticking out in a row at the bottom, used for making the earth level or for collecting leaves, etc. 耙子
[reɪk] noun countable
MAN 男人 old-fashioned
■a man, especially one who is rich or with a high social position, who lives in an immoral way, especially having sex with a lot of women 花花公子，好色之徒，浪荡子
[reɪk] noun countable
SLOPE 斜度
■a slope 斜度；倾角
[reɪk] verb
SEARCH 搜寻
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to search in a container by moving the contents around quickly 搜寻；搜翻；搜索
• He raked about in the drawer looking for his passport. 他在抽屉中翻来翻去找他的护照。
• I've raked through the cupboard but I can't find my tennis racket. 我把橱柜翻了个遍，可就是找不到我的网球拍。
[reɪk] verb
USE TOOL 使用工具
intransitive or transitive
■to use a rake to make earth level or to collect leaves （用耙子）耙，耙平；（把叶子）耙在一起
• In the autumn I rake (up) the dead leaves. 秋天，我用耙子将落叶耙集成堆。
• Rake (over) the soil before planting the seeds. 在播种之前要把土壤耙平整。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth in
■to earn or get a large amount of money 轻易赚（很多钱）；赚大钱
• He rakes in over £100 000 a year. 他一年能赚十多万英镑。
• She's really raking it in (= making a lot of money). 她真赚大钱了。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth out UK
■to look for something and find it, usually among various things you have stored （通常指从很多东西中）找出，翻出
• I raked this old blanket out for camping. 我翻出这块旧毯子以备露营之用。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  rake over sth
■to keep talking or thinking about an unpleasant event or experience 不断重提（不愉快的事情）；对（不愉快的往事）耿耿于怀；念念不忘
• He keeps on raking over his divorce, when really he should be getting on with his life. 他本该重新开始新的生活，可他老是陷在离婚的阴影中不能解脱。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth up
■to talk again about a past event or experience which should be forgotten, because it upsets or annoys someone else 提及（令别人烦恼的往事）；揭（疮疤）；翻（旧帐）
• She's always raking up the past/that old quarrel. 她老翻旧帐，提以前／多少年前的那次争吵。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth/sb up
■to get the things or people you need, with difficulty or by looking in various places 勉强拼凑；四处搜集凑得
• I'm trying to rake up some people to play football on Saturday - do you want to come along? 我正四处找人星期六踢球呢——你想去吗？
vi. 搜索；用耙子耙；掠过，擦过
 - seek, beat for
vt. [船] 倾斜；搜索；掠过；用耙子耙
 - seek, slope
n. 耙子； [船] 斜度；钱耙
 - pendence, obliqueness

Word: outright
Front: outright
[ˈaʊtraɪt] (托雅 8853/9778 -2)
Vocabulary: outright
(once / 1015 pages)
1advadj 2adv
If you do something outright, you do it in a wholehearted, unrestricted way. If you declare outright that you’re never eating another cupcake, that’s the end of that. If you eat one anyway, you told an outright lie.
If an event is cancelled outright, there's no question about it being rescheduled, and if you buy a new car outright, you pay for it all at once, instead of making monthly payments. Outright means direct and immediate — whether it's an adverb or an adjective: "The child's outright refusal to put on his shoes exasperated his babysitter." It can also mean “right away.” If you step on a slug, you’ll probably kill it outright. Ew.
WORD FAMILY
outright: outrightly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Suddenly, that £5 cappuccino on Oxford Street is no longer cause for outright alarm.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Their research found that people doing the misleading think paltering is better than committing an outright lie.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
This serves as a cautionary tale for medical professionals, journalists, and laypeople alike to resist clinical indictments based on hearsay, if not outright imagination.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 完全地; 彻底地; 坦率地，不客气地; 即刻，马上
adj. 完全的，彻底的; 直率的; 明白的; 总共的
分布：彻底的(38%)，完全的(28%)，直率的(17%)，彻底地(9%)，率直地(4%)，立刻地(4%)
→out-,向外，right,直接的，正确的。用于副词词义彻底的，十足的。
adverb]ˌaʊtˈraɪt/
■completely or immediately 彻底，完全；立刻；当场
• I think cigarette advertising should be banned outright. 我认为应该全面禁止香烟广告。
• The driver and all three passengers were killed outright. 司机和车上全部3名乘客当场死亡。
adjective [before noun] /ˈaʊt.raɪt/
■complete 完全的，彻底的
• Outsiders are regarded with outright hostility. 外来者受到公然敌视。
• There was no outright winner in the election. 这次选举没有绝对的赢家。
adv. 全部地；立刻地；率直地；一直向前；痛快地
 - overall, heartily
adj. 完全的，彻底的；直率的；总共的
 - thorough, full, complete, absolute, total

Word: quotation
Front: quotation
[kwəʊˈteɪʃn] (四六托 8858/5331 -1)
Vocabulary: quotation
(once / 570 pages)
1n 2n
A quotation is the exact words of someone else. When you like what someone said, put their quotation in your writing.
Quotations are a big part of writing. People use quotations when something is well-said. A quotation from someone famous or smart can help make your own point sound better. When you use a quotation, always remember to put it in quotation marks and give proper credit. Also, don't change any of the words: a quotation should be exactly what the person said or wrote.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
quote / quotation
If you quote someone, do you create a quote or a quotation? To quote is to transcribe what someone said or wrote, crediting that person:
As a result, until yesterday, the Company had been quoted only on the Pink Sheets.
"She was kind of a rainbow," Sheri Potter said Wednesday, quoting Kimmie's father, Cecil.
A quotation is the transcription of what someone said or wrote, crediting that person:
A quotation attributed to Adolf Hitler that made its way into a high school yearbook in Pennsylvania has left students, parents and educators mortified.
Yet we also see quote used to mean quotation, and not just by Johnny-Come-Lately quotation publishers like Quote of the Day, BrainyQuote, and the Quotations Page:
Twain is known for more notable quotes about more topics than you can shake a stick at.
It features the presidential seal in the center and quotes from some of the leaders Obama admires most.
Most dictionaries allow that quote can mean quotation, though some will label such usage as informal. Given the prevalence of this usage in edited news copy, don't worry overmuch about using quote to mean quotation ... unless, of course, you're writing for someone who is very formal.
WORD FAMILY
quotation: quotations+/misquotation: misquotations/ misquote: misquotation, misquoted, misquotes, misquoting/ quotable: quotability, quotably, unquotable/ quote: misquote, quotable, quotation, quoted, quoter, quotes, quoting, underquote/quoter: quoters
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would like to get the frog off the hate database,” Furie said, in perhaps the most mournful quotation of the year.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Inside were quotations from James’s novels, stories, and essays, one for every day of the year, “selected and arranged” by Evelyn Garnaut Smalley.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
KOMO-TV in Seattle tweeted Spotted Eagle’s name in quotation marks, as if it thought the name was fake.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 引用，引证; [商业]行情，行市; 行市表，估价单; 引用语
分布：报价(72%)，引用(13%)，引语(8%)，语录(4%)，行情(3%)
→来自quote,引用，报价。
US [kwoʊ-] (informal quote)
noun countable
SAID 语录
 ADVANCED
■a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc. or what someone else has said 引语，引文，语录
• At the beginning of the book there's a quotation from Abraham Lincoln. 本书的起页引用了亚伯拉罕‧林肯的一句话。
UK [kwəʊ'teɪ.ʃən] US [kwoʊ-] (informal quote)
noun countable
PRICE 价格
■the price that a person says they will charge to do a piece of work 报价
• I asked several builders to give me a quote for the work. 我请了几位元建造商为该工程报价。
quotation, extract
这组词都有“引文、引语”的意思，其区别是：
quotation: 常指篇幅较短的引语。
extract: 指选录或摘录，一般较长。
n. [贸易] 报价单；引用语；引证
 - citing, citation

Word: assassinate
Front: assassinate
[əˈsæsɪneɪt] (研六托 8844/11958 -2)
Vocabulary: assassinate
(once / 502 pages)
v
To assassinate someone means to target and deliberately kill that person. The word assassinate is almost always used to describe the killing of a famous person.
When a political leader or very well-known person is murdered, the killer is said to assassinate the victim. A killer might assassinate someone for political or ideological reasons, to gain fame for the act, or possibly for payment by someone else. You can assassinate figuratively, as well, by damaging a person's good name: "If you print that story, it will assassinate my reputation." The Arabic root of assassin is hashishiyyin, "hashish users."
WORD FAMILY
assassinate: assassinated, assassinates, assassinating, assassination, assassinator+/ assassin: assassinate, assassins/ assassination: assassinations/assassinator: assassinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
King Saud was deposed in 1964 and replaced by his brother King Faisal, who, in turn, was assassinated by a nephew.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Aden’s governor and security chief were assassinated last year.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
He was 18 when his father was assassinated while serving as president of the American University of Beirut in 1984.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 暗杀，行刺; 中伤; 诋毁
时态：assassinated, assassinating, assassinates
分布：动词(100%)
vt.暗杀,行刺;中伤The ass bypassed the guard and assassinated the surpassing ambassador in the embassy.驴为警卫设旁路并且在大使馆暗杀胜过的大使.
verb transitive
■to kill someone famous or important 暗杀，行刺
• a plot to assassinate the Queen 暗杀女王的阴谋
massacre, execute, murder, slaughter, assassinate, kill
这组词都有“杀，杀死”的意思，其区别是：
massacre: 语气比slaughter强。指大屠杀，尤指屠杀失去了自卫能力的人。
execute: 指依法处死罪犯。
murder: 指谋杀或凶杀。
slaughter: 本义指大批宰杀动物，也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人。
assassinate: 通常指因政治原因用非法手段杀害政治领袖人物或短名人士。
kill: 普通用词，含义广泛，泛指以任何方式使人、动物或植物死亡。

Word: chestnut
Front: chestnut
[ˈtʃesnʌt] (六 8866/7901 -1)
Back: n. 栗子; 栗色; 栗树; 栗色马
adj. 栗色的
分布：栗色(27%)，栗子(23%)，栗树(16%)，栗色的(15%)，栗色马(8%)，陈词滥调(5%)，七叶树(5%)，马的胼胝(1%)
→来自希腊词地名Castana, 至于树以地名还是地以树名尚存争议。nut, 坚果。比较current.
noun
countable
■a large shiny reddish-brown nut, or the tree on which the nuts grow 栗子，板栗；栗树
• A man in the street was selling bags of roast chestnuts. 街上有个人在卖袋装的炒栗子。
• a 200-year-old chestnut tree 有200年树龄的栗树
⇒ See also horse chestnut
countable
■a reddish-brown horse 栗色马；红棕马
uncountable
■a reddish-brown colour 栗色，红褐色，红棕色
['tʃest.nʌt] noun
old chestnut informal
■a subject, idea or joke which has been discussed or repeated so often that it is not funny any more 老掉牙的话题（或想法、笑话）
• I wondered whether there might, after all, be some truth in the old chestnut that one's school days are the happiest of one's life. 老话说学生时代是人生中最幸福的时光，我在想这话是否有些道理。
['tʃest.nʌt] adjective
■reddish-brown in colour 栗色的，红褐色的，红棕色的
n. 栗子；栗色； [园艺] 栗树；栗色马
 - sorrel
adj. 栗色的
 - castaneous, nut-brown

Word: cilantro
Front: cilantro
[sɪˈlæntrəʊ] (8872/-)
Vocabulary: cilantro
(once / 43776 pages)
n
Cilantro is a strong, distinctive-smelling herb that's often used in Mexican and Indian cooking. While cilantro looks very similar to parsley, its flavor is much stronger.
Cilantro is also known as coriander, as are its dried seeds. The fresh herb is often added to dishes just before serving, like Indian dal and Mexican guacamole, and mixed into Indian chutneys. Interestingly, people taste cilantro in completely different ways — cilantro lovers describe it as having a lemony flavor, while haters say it tastes like soap. Cilantro is a Spanish word, from the Latin coliandrum, "coriander."
WORD FAMILY
cilantro
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just before it leaves the kitchen, the strapping entree is dressed up with pungent cilantro, garlicky yogurt and fresh Thai chili peppers.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Coarsely chop the cilantro leaves and some tender stems.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Plate the salmon and garnish with the cilantro.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 芫荽叶
分布：芫荽叶(53%)，香菜(47%)
→来自coriander 拼写异体。
US [-troʊ] US
noun uncountable
■the leaves of the coriander plant, used to add flavour to food 香菜，芫荽

Word: plumbing
Front: plumbing
[ˈplʌmɪŋ] (托 8854/11529)
Vocabulary: plumbing
(once / 4803 pages)
1n 2n
Indoor plumbing is what makes civilization great. Plumbing refers to the pipes that get the water in and the sewage out. If a snake shows up in the toilet, it probably came in through the plumbing. Yikes!
You can use the noun plumbing whether you're talking about the bathroom sink, the pipes connected to your dishwasher, or the bathtub drain. A home's heating system often consists of plumbing too. The work of fixing or installing this type of system is also plumbing. The word's earliest meaning was "the weighting of a fishing line," from plumb, originally "to sink like lead," which has the Latin root plumba, or "lead."
WORD FAMILY
plumbing: plumbings+/ plumb: plumbable, plumbed, plumbing, plumbly, plumbs/plumbed: unplumbed
USAGE EXAMPLES
The author shows great insight plumbing Karen’s constant need for approval.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Dak Prescott isn't a wheelbarrow full of rusty plumbing supplies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
After completing the Green City Force training, Ms. Williams began a six-month plumbing training program.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 水管装置; 水暖工的工作; 管道工程
v. 用铅锤测量（plumb的现在分词）; 探究
分布：管道装置(56%)，铅管工行业(22%)，动词plumb的现在分词.(22%)
→来自plumb,铅，-ing,集合名词后缀。因过去自来水管多为铅管，因此，引申词义管路系统， 自来水系统。
noun uncountable
■the water pipes and similar systems in a building 管道；水管装置；管路系统
• There's something wrong with the plumbing. 自来水管道出问题了。
■the work of connecting water and other pipes in a building 水管工人的工作
• We did all the plumbing (work)in our house ourselves. 我们家里所有水电工作都是我们自己做的。

Word: tick
Front: tick
[tɪk] (高研四六雅 7358/5977 -2)
Vocabulary: tick
(once / 806 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4n
To tick is to make a steady tapping sound. When something ticks — be it a clock, a watch, an oven timer, or a metronome — it’s usually a reminder that time is passing.
The verb tick originally meant "to touch or pat." The current meaning may be related to the sound of a hand patting or tapping a surface. Another kind of tick is a small blood-sucking parasite. This nastier tick has a different root, the Old English ticia.
WORD FAMILY
tick: detick, ticked, ticker, ticking, ticks+/ticker: tickers/ticking: tickings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Time is ticking for Minnesota to upgrade its driver’s licenses to satisfy looming federal requirements to board domestic flights.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The broad assumption in the “current year” argument is that time inevitably ticks toward moral betterment.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The clock is ticking a bit slower for the Washington Nationals, but their upcoming change might be even more dramatic.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 钩号; 一瞬间; 壁虱; 钟的嘀嗒声
v. 发出滴答声; 在（纸）上打钩; 做出…举动
时态：ticked, ticking, ticks
分布：滴答声(24%)，蜱虫(18%)，一会儿(9%)，壁虱(9%)，勾号(9%)，滴答作响(6%)，运作(6%)，枕套(5%)，褥套(5%)，给…标记号(5%)，空转(4%)
→拟声词，模仿钟表滴答声，后引申词义打勾。
n.滴答声;勾号v.滴答响;打勾号于The tickler pricked a tick on the nickname Nickel.挠痒者在绰号"镍币"上刺了个勾号.
noun
MARK 记号
 IMPROVER countable mainly UK (US usually check)
■a mark (✓) that shows that something is correct or has been done 核对号，钩号
• Put a tick by/against the names of the people who have accepted the invitation. 在接受邀请的人的姓名上打钩。
[tɪk] noun
SHORT TIME 短时间
countable UK informal
■a very short time 一会儿
• Hold on/Hang on a tick - I'm not quite ready. 稍等一会儿——我还没准备好。
• I'll be with you in a tick /in two ticks. 我马上就到。
[tɪk] noun
SOUND 声音
countable usually singular
■the sound clocks and watches make every second （钟表发出的）滴答声
[tɪk] noun
PAYING LATER 以后付款
on tick UK old-fashioned informal
■If you buy something on tick, you pay for it later. 赊购，赊帐
[tɪk] noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a very small creature like an insect which lives on and sucks the blood of other animals 蜱；壁虱
[tɪk] verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■When a clock or watch ticks, it makes a sound every second. （钟表）发出滴答声
[tɪk] verb
MARK 记号
transitive mainly UK (US usually check)
■to mark something with a tick 给…标记号，打上钩
• Tick (off) each item on the list as you complete it. 每完成一个专案计划就在清单上把该专案计划打勾。
[tɪk] verb
what makes sb tick
■If you know what makes someone tick, you understand why they behave the way they do. 使（某人）做…的原因
[tɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tick away/by
■If time ticks away/by, it goes past （时间）流逝，一点一点过去
• With the final seconds ticking away, Milan scored a goal. 米兰队在最后几秒钟进了一个球。
[tɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tick sb off
SPEAK SEVERELY
[M] UK informal
■to speak severely to and criticize someone who has done something wrong 责备，责骂（某人）
• I had to tick him off for being late again. 他又迟到了，我得说说他。
ANNOY US informal
■to annoy someone 使（某人）生气，使（某人）恼火
• It really ticks me off when she doesn't keep her promises. 她不守信，令我特别生气。
[tɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tick over
ACTIVITY
■If a business, job or system is ticking over, it continues to work but makes little progress （生意、工作或系统几乎没有进展地）进度缓慢
• I'll be able to keep things ticking over in the office until you get back. 你回来之前我能够保持办公室工作基本运行。
ENGINE
■If the engine of a vehicle is ticking over, the engine is operating slowly although the vehicle is not moving （引擎）空转
• I've left the car with the engine ticking over. 我离开了汽车，让引擎空转着。
n. 滴答声；扁虱；记号；赊欠
 - marks, sign, click
vi. 发出滴答声；标以记号
 - tictoc

Word: perennial
Front: perennial
[pəˈreniəl] (托雅宝 8869/11757 -2)
Vocabulary: perennial
(once / 1411 pages)
adjn
Perennial typically describes things that are permanent, constant, or repeated. If you fight with your parents every year over whether they really must invite your annoying cousins for Thanksgiving, you could call that a perennial conflict.
Arguing with your roommate about who cleaned the bathroom last time might be a perennial argument. There is also a perennial plant, which lasts more than two years and usually reappears each spring, because it produces flowers and seeds from the same root structure. Perennial comes from the Latin perennis, from the prefix per-, "through," plus annus, or "year." Annus is also the source of our English word annual — an annual plant lives only one year or season.
WORD FAMILY
perennial: perennially, perennials
USAGE EXAMPLES
You’re officially on to the second phase, which is about refining the roster and looking like a true perennial division title contender.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
One of the perennial questions for rock fans is which is the most important year in its history?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The perennial national title contender from Durham, N.C., is 12-1 as it enters its Atlantic Coast Conference opener at Virginia Tech on Saturday.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 终年的，长久的; 多年生的; 不断生长的; 四季不断的
n. 多年生植物; 长期存在的
分布：多年生植物(56%)，多年生的(35%)，永久的(6%)，反复出现的(3%)
→per-,整个的，-enn,年，词源同annual.原义为终年的，终年不凋的，后引申词义多年的，长久的。
全年的(per+ennial年→全年的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
终年的;长期的(per始终＋ennial年的→终年的)[ann,enn=year,表示"年,一年"]
【记】per所有，enn年，ial－一年中的所有的－永久的pe破，ren人，nial：小人活千年，破人活万年－永久的
【反】fleeting（adj 飞逝的；短暂的）
adjective
■lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time 长期存在的；常年的；不断发生的；反覆的
• The film 'White Christmas' is a perennial favourite. 《白色圣诞》是一部经久不衰、深受欢迎的影片。
• We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. 我们长期面临资金不足的问题。
Compare annual ; biennial
[pə'ren.i.əl] noun countable
■a plant that lives for several years 多年生植物
• Roses and geraniums are perennials, flowering year after year. 玫瑰和天竺葵是多年生植物，年复一年地开花。
Compare annual
adj. [植] 多年生的；常年的；四季不断的；常在的；反复的
 - repeated, iterative

Word: tremendously
Front: tremendously
[trə'mendəslɪ] (六 8855/11211)
Back: adv. 极大地; 极端地; 极其; 非常
分布：惊人地(50%)，非常(25%)，十分(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
巨大的;极大的;大量的
You use tremendous to emphasize how strong a feeling or quality is, or how large an amount is.
例：I felt a tremendous pressure on my chest...我感到胸口堵得难受。
例：There's tremendous tension between the local population and the refugees…当地居民与难民之间关系非常紧张。
ADJ-GRADED
精彩的;出色的;极好的
You can describe someone or something as tremendous when you think they are very good or very impressive.
例：He was a tremendous person…他是个非常了不起的人。
例：I thought it was absolutely tremendous.我认为它精彩极了。
adv. 非常地；可怕地；惊人地
 - considerably, remarkably, finely

Word: longevity
Front: longevity
[lɒnˈdʒevəti] (六托宝 8871/15013 -1)
Vocabulary: longevity
(once / 3835 pages)
n
Something with longevity has the ability to last for a long time. While tortoises are not known for their quickness, their longevity is amazing. Just ask the Hare.
At the root of longevity is the word long. So when you see longevity, think “a long time." In fact, this word has some serious longevity, since it's been around since the 1600s. Longevity is most commonly used to describe the length of one’s lifetime, but it can also mean a long duration, such as one’s longevity working for a certain company for an extended period of time.
WORD FAMILY
longevity
USAGE EXAMPLES
As for that longevity, Gilbert credits independence forced upon her at an early age and a positive attitude.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
As much as you admire his toughness, you wince and fear that, once again, he’s sacrificing longevity for machismo.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
In the recipe for longevity, the key ingredient might very well be innovation.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 长寿; 寿命; 长期供职
分布：长寿(57%)，寿命(43%)
→long,长的，-ev,时间，词源同age,medieval.
长寿,长命(long长+ev+ity→长年龄→长寿)[ev=age,表示"年龄,时代"]
长命;寿命(long+ev生命+ity→长生命)[long,leng表示"长"]
【记】long长，ev时间，ity：活得时间长－长寿
【参】medieval（adj 中世纪的）；primeval（adj 原始的）；longitude（n 经度；经线）；long-range（adj 远程的）；long-standing（adj 长期存在的）；long-term（adj 长期的）；long-winded（adj 罗嗦冗长的）
US [lɑ:n'dʒev.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■living for a long time 长寿
• To what do you attribute your longevity? 你的长寿归功于哪些因素？
n. 长寿，长命； [生物] 寿命
 - age, macrobiosis

Word: overlap
Front: overlap
[ˌəʊvəˈlæp] (研六托雅宝 8870/6707 -2)
Vocabulary: overlap
(once / 2010 pages)
vn
When things overlap, part or all of one thing covers part or all of the other, like roofing shingles or flat noodles in a lasagna dish.
Not only can things overlap, but schedules can, too. If you accidentally schedule your doctor's appointment and your dentist appointment at the same time, they overlap, which is unfortunate because you can't be in two places at once. Philosophies and perspectives overlap when they share certain points or ideas in common.
WORD FAMILY
overlap: overlapped, overlapping, overlaps+/ overlapping: overlappings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both shows start on Saturday and their transmissions overlap for 25 minutes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He found that, with varied groups working on such efforts, “often they’re parallel, often they overlap, sometimes they may conflict.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“He was kind and always straightforward, which Dad greatly valued, as did I in the few years we overlapped in management at The Times.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重叠部分; 覆盖物，涂盖层; [数]交叠，相交
vt. 重叠; 与…部分相同
vi. 互搭，重叠; 部分相同; [数]有与…共同的某物
时态：overlapped, overlapping, overlaps
分布：重叠(90%)，重复(7%)，重叠部分(2%)，有重叠部分(1%)
→over-,在上，lap,折叠。引申词义重叠。
重叠(over+lap交叉→[大腿]交叉→重叠)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
v.重叠,与...交叠n.重叠His vacation overlaps with mine.他的假期与我的有一部分重叠.
【记】over在…上，lap（n 坐时的大腿前部）一把一条腿放在另一条腿上翘二郎腿一重叠
【参】overlook（v 俯瞰；没注意到）；overpower（v 制服）；overreach（v 走过头）；override（v 制服；践踏）；overriding（adj 最重要的）；overrule（v 驳回；否决）；oversee（v 俯瞰；监视）；overshadow（v 遮蔽；使黯然失色）；overstate（v 夸大的叙述）
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-]
(-pp-)
intransitive or transitive
■to cover something partly by going over its edge; to cover part of the same space （与…）交叠，（与…）部分重叠，叠盖
• The fence is made of panels which overlap (each other). 这个围栏是由交叠的板条搭成的。
intransitive
■If two or more activities, subjects or periods of time overlap, they have some parts which are the same （活动、课程或时间）互相重叠，有共同之处
• My musical tastes don't overlap with my brother's at all. 我对音乐的喜好和我弟弟完全不一样。
noun countable or uncountable UK [ˈəʊ.və.læp] US [ˈoʊ.və˞-/
■the amount by which two things or activities cover the same area 重叠部分；相同之处
• The roof tiles will need an overlap of several centimetres. 屋顶的瓦片需要互相重叠几公分。
• There are some overlaps between the products of the two companies. 这两家公司的产品有些是相同的。
n. 重叠；重复
 - repeat, segistration

Word: muse
Front: muse
[mju:z] (六宝 8874/9108 -2)
Vocabulary: muse
(once / 347 pages)
1v 2n
As a verb, to muse is to consider something thoughtfully. As a noun, it means a person — especially a woman — who is a source of artistic inspiration.
In mythology, the Muses were nine goddesses who symbolized the arts and sciences. Today, a muse is a person who serves as an artist's inspiration. Often filmmakers talk about a certain actor being a muse — meaning the actor inspired a movie. Writers, painters, musicians, and other artists have muses. Muse can also refer to thinking deeply. If you muse about something, you're giving it serious thought. You can't muse in five seconds. People muse on certain ideas for years.
WORD FAMILY
muse: mused, muser, muses, musing +/muser: musers/ musing: musingly, musings
USAGE EXAMPLES
For engraver Jennifer Bower, the muse is never far away.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Amid the thunderous crowd, he fell to musing.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Barrett worked together as counselors at an elite passing camp, they mused about one day facing off in the College Football Playoff.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 默想
vi. 沉思; 冥想
vt. 谨慎地考虑; 谨慎地说
时态：mused, musing, muses
分布：沉思(67%)，冥想(29%)，艺术家的灵感(4%)
→来自希腊语Mousa,缪斯女神，来自men,思考，思索，词源同mind,mentor.引申词义灵感，沉思。也有观点认为其沉思义来自拉丁语musum,鼻子，词源同muzzle,原指狗把鼻子在空气中嗅，讽刺人装模作样，假装思考，游荡，若有所思。
【记】mu木，se色：脸呈现木头的颜色，因为在沉思。
verb intransitive formal
■to think about something carefully and for a long time 沉思，默想，冥想
• I began to muse about/on the possibility of starting my own business. 我开始思忖自己创业的可能性。
[mju:z] noun countable literary
■an imaginary being or force that gives someone ideas and helps them to write, paint or make music （写作、绘画或音乐创作方面的）灵感（泉源）
• The muse has left me - I haven't written any poetry for months! 灵感离我而去——我已有数月没写过一首诗了！
• Juliet was not only the painter's best model but also his muse (= the person who causes him to have the most ideas for his work). 茱丽叶不仅是这位画家最好的模特儿，也是他灵感的泉源。
think, reason, muse, speculate, meditate, deliberate, reflect
这组词都有“思考、判断、思索”的意思，其区别是：
think: 一般用词，指开动脑筋形成看法或得出结论的脑力活动。不着重结论是否正确，见解是否有用。
reason: 指根据资料、证据或事实进行推断，作出结论或判断的逻辑思维活动。
muse: 通常指漫无目的地猜想。
speculate: 指推论过程，隐含在证据不足的基础上作出推测或设想。
meditate: 语气较强，指认真地长时间集中精力进行思考。
deliberate: 指缓慢、按部就班地作仔细而认真的思考或判断。
reflect: 指回想或回顾，侧重认真而冷静地反复地思考某个问题，尤指对已发生事情的思索。
n. 沉思；冥想
 - reflection, meditation
vt. 沉思；沉思地说
 - meditate on, be deep in thought
vi. 沉思；凝望
 - meditate on, be deep in thought

Word: inflate
Front: inflate
[ɪnˈfleɪt] (六托宝 8865/13902 -1)
Vocabulary: inflate
(once / 268 pages)
v
Using your own breath or an air pump, you can inflate a balloon — or anything else you need to pump air into. When you inflate something you fill it with air (or any other gas) to make it expand.
From the Latin verb inflāre, "to blow into," the word inflate appeared in English in the early 16th century. Although we usually think of the word inflate as referring to blowing air or gas into a balloon or a tire, anything that grows larger, from food prices to an egoist's self-image, can be inflated. When an item becomes scarce, its price is likely to be inflated.
WORD FAMILY
inflate: inflatable, inflated, inflater, inflates, inflating, inflation, inflator+/ inflated: inflatedly/ inflation: disinflation, inflationary, inflations/inflator: inflators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe the once unrivaled SEC isn’t as strong as initially perceived, thus inflating Alabama’s success this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They are accused of misusing public money by paying inflated prices for public works contracts.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Voucher proponents dismiss the estimate as inflated by a Democratic state education chief.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使充气（于轮胎、气球等）; （使）膨胀; （使）通货膨胀; 物价上涨
时态：inflated, inflating, inflates
分布：膨胀(73%)，使膨胀(12%)，使通货膨胀(12%)，使得意(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-flat,吹，鼓起，词源同blow,conflate.引申词义充气，膨胀。
充气,膨胀(in进+flat+e→吹气进去)[flat=blow,表示"吹"]
【参】inflated（adj 膨胀的；夸大不实的）＝pompous＝bombasticdeflate（vt 放气；紧缩通货）；conflate（v 合并）con共同，flate气：一个鼻孔出气－合并。
【反】minimize（vt 将…减到最少）
verb
FILL WITH AIR 充气
intransitive or transitive
■to cause to increase in size by filling with air （使）充气；（使）膨胀
• He inflated the balloons with helium. 他给气球充了氦气。
• We watch the hot-air balloon slowly inflate. 我们看着热气球慢慢胀大。
[ɪn'fleɪt] verb
MAKE LARGER 夸大
transitive
■to make something larger or more important 抬高；夸大
• They inflated their part in the rescue every time they told the story. 他们每次讲这个故事时都要夸大自己在营救中的贡献。
raise, extend, increase, expand, inflate, add
raise: 提高
extend: (程度、长度)
increase: 增加
expand: （尺码，数量，稳定性）扩大，增加，提高
inflate: 膨胀，鼓气，涨价
add: 增加，添加
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vt. 使充气；使通货膨胀
 - blow up
vi. 膨胀；充气
 - fill, swell with

Word: stunned
Front: stunned
[stʌnd] (8857/7965)
Vocabulary: stunned
(once / 763 pages)
adj
When you're stunned, you're thrown for a loop: either by shocking news or a blow to the head.
You can be stunned a few different ways, but they all involve a state of confusion. If your mom won the lottery, you'd be stunned. Others might be stunned if their favorite TV show was canceled. Some people are stunned by good news that is kind of amazing, like a NASA flight to Mars. On the other hand, getting whacked in the head can leave you stunned. Getting the wind knocked out of you will do the same.
WORD FAMILY
stun: stunned, stunner, stunning, stuns+/stunner: stunners/ stunning: stunningest, stunningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am in a shower when I find a lump in my left breast, and I am stunned.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Shocked, stunned and wildly disappointed,” said Patrick Nolan of Arlington.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Devils stunned the Capitals with a 2-1 shootout victory on Thursday in Washington.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: v. 击晕( stun的过去式和过去分词 ); 使大吃一惊; 给（某人）以深刻印象; 使深深感动
分布：惊讶的(46%)，震惊的(45%)，动词stun的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
adjective
■very shocked or surprised 目瞪口呆
• They stood in stunned silence beside the bodies. 他们站在尸体旁，目瞪口呆。
• I am stunned and saddened by this news. 这个消息令我大为震惊，非常难过。
adj. 受惊的
 - frightened, ghastful
v. 使震惊；使不知所措（stun的过去式及过去分词形式）
 - gobsmacked

Word: infuse
Front: infuse
[ɪnˈfju:z] (托宝 8860/15117 -1)
Vocabulary: infuse
(once / 913 pages)
v
To infuse is to steep something in a liquid to extract the flavors from it. You'll impress your friends with your cooking if you infuse rosemary and thyme in broth and then use the liquid to marinate chicken.
To infuse also means to inspire or fill with a certain quality. You goal might be to infuse your writing with such humor that your readers laugh until they cry. The medical meaning of infuse is to introduce a medicinal therapy through a patient's vein. When you're badly dehydrated, doctors may need to infuse you with fluids. The Latin root infusus means "to pour into."
WORD FAMILY
infuse: infused, infuses, infusing, infusion +/ infusion: infusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I wanted to infuse some confidence in my teammates,” Rodgers said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But on June 28, 2011, an issue of The Spine Journal said clinical studies by doctors with financial ties to Medtronic understated Infuse's risks.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Add about 4 whole sprigs of thyme to infuse the stock.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌输，加入（一种特性）; 使充满; 浸渍; 鼓舞，激发
vi. 沏（茶），泡（草药）
时态：infused, infusing, infuses
分布：注入(82%)，鼓舞(10%)，泡制(4%)，使获得(4%)
→in-,进入，使，-fus,流，涌进，词源同fuse,confuse.
注入,灌输(in进入+fuse→流进去→注入)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
【记】in进入，fuse流－流进去－灌输
【反】drain away（排出）；refuse（vt 拒绝接受）；extract（v 拔出）
verb
EMOTION 感情
[T + obj + prep]
■to fill someone or something with an emotion or quality 使（某人）充满（某种感情）；将（某特性）注入（某物）
• The pulling down of the Berlin Wall infused the world with optimism. 柏林围墙的倒塌使全世界欢欣鼓舞。
• The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday infused new life into the weekend. 星期六一群朋友的到来给周末生活注入了新的活力。
[ɪn'fju:z] verb
DRINK 饮料
intransitive or transitive
■If you infuse a drink or it infuses, you leave substances such as tea leaves or herbs in hot water so that their flavour goes into the liquid 泡（茶）；泡制（草药）
• Allow the tea to infuse for five minutes. 让茶泡五分钟。
vt. 灌输；使充满；浸渍
 - freight, indoctrinate

Word: trickle
Front: trickle
[ˈtrɪkl] (托雅宝 8863/10055 -1)
Vocabulary: trickle
(once / 949 pages)
vn
To trickle is to weakly flow out of something, like a faucet. A trickle is like a drip.
There are a lot of ways water can flow, but one type of slow dripping is called trickling. If your shower is only releasing a trickle of water, you're not going to get much of a shower. If it's raining — but only a trickle — you might not need an umbrella. A slightly leaky roof is trickling. A trickle is the opposite of a downpour or flood. Trickling can also be called dribbling.
WORD FAMILY
trickle: trickled, trickles, trickling
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some of the country’s more expensive markets, the slowdown at the top end is showing signs of trickling down to more average-priced apartments.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
As his grand year trickles to its final hours, James isn’t looking too far ahead.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Such increasingly common dismissals of spiritual existence trickle into popular thought and even into everyday language.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 滴; 细细地流; 使淌下; 慢慢地移动
n. 滴; 涓流; 细流; 稀稀疏疏缓慢来往的东西
时态：trickled, trickling, trickles
分布：细流(71%)，滴流(23%)，徐徐地流(3%)，慢慢移动(3%)
→可能缩写（或变体）自中古英语 striken,流，特指流泪，词源同 strike,击，打。-le,表反复。 后引申词义滴，淌，细流，涓流等。
【记】象声词
【反】spate（n 大水）
verb intransitive
LIQUID 液体
trickle down/from/out of, etc.
■If liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly and without force in a thin line 从…向下滴（或淌）
• Blood trickled out of the corner of his mouth. 血从他的嘴角滴了下来。
• Oil was trickling from a tiny hole in the tank. 油正从油罐上的一个小孔往下滴。
['trɪk.l] verb intransitive
SMALL NUMBER 少量
trickle in/out/back, etc.
■to arrive or move somewhere slowly and gradually, in small numbers 缓慢而零星地进入／离开／返回等
• Gradually people trickled back into the theatre for the second half. 渐渐地，人们开始三三两两地回到剧院看下半场。
['trɪk.l] noun
SMALL NUMBER 少量
only singular
■a very small number of people or things arriving or leaving somewhere 三三两两，零星
• We usually only get a trickle of customers in the shop in the mornings. 早上我们店里通常只有零星顾客。
['trɪk.l] noun
LIQUID 液体
countable
■a small amount of liquid which is flowing slowly in a thin line 从…向下滴（或淌）
• A trickle of melted butter made its way down his chin. 一滴融化了的奶油顺着他的下巴向下滑。
vi. 滴；细细地流；慢慢地移动
 - creep
n. 滴，淌；细流
 - drop, gutta

Word: variant
Front: variant
[ˈveəriənt] (托雅 8882/5457 -1)
Vocabulary: variant
(once / 941 pages)
nadj
A variant is another version of something. You could say chimps and apes and gorillas are variants in the primate family.
Words often have variants, spellings that vary from region to region or country to country. The British colour and the American color are variants. When a movie or TV show is remade or casts a new actor — like with the string of James Bonds — you could call those movies variants. Where there are variants, there is variety — things aren't all the same.
WORD FAMILY
variant: invariant, variance, variantly, variants+/ invariable: invariability, invariableness, invariables, invariably /invariant: invariance, invariants/unvaried: unvariedly, unvariedness/ unvarying: unvaryingly/ variability: variabilities/ variable: invariable, variability, variableness, variables, variably/ variance: variances/variate: bivariate, multivariate, variates/ variation: covariation, variations/ varied: unvaried, variedly, variedness/ vary: co-vary, variable, variant, variate, variation, varied, varies, varying / varying: unvarying, varyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Isolated, proud Pyongyang uses a variant of the old system.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Super Hornet and its electronic warfare variant, the EA-18G Growler, employ thousands in St. Louis at Boeing and its contractors.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Now released in the United States for the first time, it is a fascinating variant on Ghibli’s house style.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （词等的）变体，（字音的）转讹; [生]变种，变异体; 变形，变量，转化; [统]变式
adj. 不同的，相异的，不一致的; 多样的; 变异的; 易变的，不定的
分布：变体(77%)，不同的(23%)
US ['ver.i-] noun countable
■something which is slightly different from other similar things 变体；变种；变形
• There are many colas on the market now, all variants on the original drink. 现在市场上有多种可乐，都跟原先那种饮料差不多。
• There are four variants of malaria, all transmitted to humans by a particular family of mosquitoes. 疟疾有四个变种，都是透过一种特殊的蚊子传播给人。
UK ['veə.ri.ənt] US ['ver.i-] adjective
■different
• a variant form 变体
• Words spelt with 'ae', such as 'encyclopaedia', have a variant spelling with 'e', as in 'encyclopedia'. 拼写中带 ae 的单词，如 encyclopaedia，有一种可以只拼出 e 的变异拼法，如 encyclopedia。
adj. 不同的；多样的
 - different, diverse, unlike, multiple, varying
n. [生物] [计] 变体；转化
 - transformation, converting

Word: kinship
Front: kinship
[ˈkɪnʃɪp] (研 8890/8216)
Vocabulary: kinship
(once / 2313 pages)
n
Kinship is a family relationship. You might describe the wonderful, close kinship you have with your favorite cousin.
Your kin is your family, so it's easy to see that kinship describes family bonds, like the kinship between members of the same Scottish clan or the kinship an uncle feels in the midst of a dozen crazy nieces and nephews. Kinship can also describe a close family-like relationship, like the kinship of the teachers at your school who have worked together for many years and who all care deeply about students and learning.
WORD FAMILY
kinship: kinships+/ kin: kiner, kins, kinship
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Canada, the kinship between hockey and war is implicit.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nevertheless, I’m glad that Stevie wrote it and that its chorus is still a signifier of kinship for so many black people.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Though at different ends of the career spectrum, the bartender felt a sense of kinship meeting Bright.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 亲属关系; （因起源或态度相似而产生的）亲切感
分布：亲属关系(58%)，血缘关系(42%)
→kin,亲属，-ship,抽象名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■the relationship between members of the same family, or a feeling of being close or similar to other people or things 家属关系，亲属关系；亲密关系；亲切感
• Different ethnic groups have different systems of kinship. 不同的民族亲属关系有着不同的体系。
• He felt a real sense of kinship with his fellow soldiers. 他对战友有一种发自内心的亲切感。
n. [法] 亲属关系，家属关系；亲密关系
 - family relation, consanguinity

Word: anomaly
Front: anomaly
[əˈnɒməli] (托宝 8881/7902 -1)
Vocabulary: anomaly
(once / 1378 pages)
1n 2n
An anomaly is an abnormality, a blip on the screen of life that doesn’t fit with the rest of the pattern. If you are a breeder of black dogs and one puppy comes out pink, that puppy is an anomaly.
The noun anomaly comes from the Greek word anomolia, meaning "uneven” or “irregular.” When something is unusual compared to similar things around it, it’s the anomaly. If you are an Olympian who comes from a family of bookish types who all find it strenuous to walk the dog, you are an anomaly.
WORD FAMILY
anomaly: anomalies, anomalist, anomalous +/ anomalous: anomalously, anomalousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Justice Stephen G. Breyer, writing the controlling opinion in that 2014 case, acknowledged Roosevelt’s move, though he called it an anomaly.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Sadly, Mr. Jacobs is no anomaly,” Holder wrote last summer in an opinion piece in the New York Times.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
At Wednesday’s event, some presenters used Metro data to call attention to anomalies in commuting patterns.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 异常，反常; 不规则; 畸形人（物）; 异常现象
分布：异常(86%)，反常(10%)，不规则(4%)
→前缀an-, 无，没有。-om, 同homo-, 同same,此处h脱落。即不一样，反常。
【记】a非，不，nomal正常－不正常－异常
【反】predicted occurrence（预料中事）；conformity to norms（遵守常规）
US [-'nɑ:.mə-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory 异常的人（或事物）；不规则；（同一种类中的）畸形
• Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next. 统计上的不规范会使年与年之间的经济数据难以互相比较。
• The anomaly of the social security system is that you sometimes have more money without a job. 社会保障制度下的反常现像是，失业有时反而拿钱更多。
n. [气象] 异常；不规则；反常事物
 - abnormality, deviance

Word: intellectually
Front: intellectually
[ɪntl'ɛktʃʊəli] (六 8883/11546)
Back: adv. 知性上，智力上
ADJ
智力的;脑力的;理智的
Intellectual means involving a person's ability to think and to understand ideas and information.
例：High levels of lead could damage the intellectual development of children...铅含量过高会损害儿童的智力发展。
例：He has written seven thrillers, and clearly enjoys intellectual pursuits.他已经写了7本惊悚小说,显然很喜欢这样的智力活动。
N-COUNT
知识分子;脑力劳动者
An intellectual is someone who spends a lot of time studying and thinking about complicated ideas.
例：...teachers, artists and other intellectuals.教师、艺术家和其他知识分子
adv. 智力上；理智地；知性上
 - mentally, sanely

Word: mogul
Front: mogul
['məʊɡ(ə)l] (宝 8885/16061 -1)
Vocabulary: mogul
(once / 7392 pages)
1n 2n
If you’re the type of person who likes to be in charge, you may have dreams of becoming a mogul — that is, a powerful businessperson.
Mogul is a variant of the word Mongol, which we often use to refer to the empire once led by the famous (or infamous) Genghis Khan. The Mogul Dynasty conquered India in the 16th century, and remained in power for hundreds of year. As a result, the word mogul became synonymous with "leader" or "ruler."
WORD FAMILY
mogul: moguls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, with power changing in Washington, the Japanese mogul sees an opportunity.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Chef and restaurateur Mike Isabella is rapidly approaching mogul status.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
In early 2015, while exploring a run for the GOP nomination, mogul Trump said he wouldn’t renew his “Apprentice” contract.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 有权势的人，大人物; 〈美〉富豪，贵族; 小〉富豪，贵族坡，雪坡; 蒙兀儿人
分布：显要人物(68%)，小雪坡(16%)，权势之人(16%)
→来自Mongol拼写变体，即蒙古人，于1520年征服印度建立莫卧儿王朝，引申词义大蒙古人，大亨。
【记】读：蒙古，原指：蒙古富豪
【反】nonentity（n 不存在；小人物）
US ['moʊ-] noun countable
PERSON 人
■an important person who is very rich or powerful 大人物；权贵；巨头
• movie/media/industry moguls 电影／传媒／工业巨头
UK ['məʊ.gəl] US ['moʊ-] noun countable
SNOW 雪 specialized
■a small pile of hard snow on the side of a hill or mountain used for skiing, created to add interest and difficulty to the sport 雪丘（在山坡上为增加滑雪的乐趣和难度堆起的硬雪堆）
n. 有权势的人；显要人物
 - mughal, mover and shaker

Word: windy
Front: windy
[ˈwɪndi] (中高六宝 8867/9747 -1)
Back: adj. 有风的; 腹胀的; 吹牛的; 空谈的
级别：windier, windiest
分布：多风的(51%)，有风的(49%)
有风的(wind风)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■with a lot of wind 刮风的；多风的
• It was a windy night. 那是个多风的夜晚。
• It was wet and windy for most of the week. 本周的大部分时间都在刮风下雨。
adj. 多风的，有风的；腹胀的；吹牛的
 - blowy, thrasonical

Word: handler
Front: handler
[ˈhændlə(r)] (8873/15064 -1)
Back: n. 处理者，管理者; （动物）驯化者; [自]（信息）处理机; 拳击教练
分布：处理器(73%)，处理者(18%)，拳击教练(7%)，畜禽的训练者(2%)
→来自handle,控制，操纵。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
TRAINER 训练员
■a person who trains and is in charge of animals, especially dogs 驯兽师；（尤指）驯狗师
• police dog handlers 警犬训练员
UK ['hænd.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
ADVISER 顾问 US someone who advises someone important （大人物的）顾问
• The president's handlers are telling him to pull out of the talks. 总统的顾问建议他退出会谈。
UK ['hænd.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
CARRY 搬运
■someone who carries or moves things as part of their job 搬运工
• airport baggage handlers 机场行李搬运工
n. [计] 处理者；管理者；拳击教练；（犬马等的）训练者
 - managers, governor

Word: moral
Front: moral
[ˈmɒrəl] (高研四六托 1459/1787 -K3)
Vocabulary: moral
(once / 48 pages)
1adjn 2adj
The moral of a story is the lesson that story teaches about how to behave in the world.
Moral comes from the Latin word mores, for habits. The moral of a story is supposed to teach you how to be a better person. If moral is used as an adjective, it means good, or ethical. If you have a strong moral character, you are a good member of society. If someone is a cheat and a liar, you might say, "She is not a moral person."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
moral / morale
Choose your words:
Moral/Morale of the story: If you became a middle school football coach so you could trick little kids, shame on you.
Posh needed a moral-/morale-boosting win after a couple of insipid home displays and credit to the players for providing it.
In our first sentence, we want a word that means the lesson of the story, especially a lesson of right and wrong. That word is moral. In the plural, it refers to the rules by which one conducts one's life. Some more examples that use moral:
However, here are 10 moral character failings destroying our nation that I feel, like the mayor, we ought to be up in arms about addressing.
Saudi Arabia Blocks Facebook on Moral Grounds, Promptly Unblocks It
The second sentence describes a win that will make the team feel more confident and enthusiastic. Here the choice is morale. If your department or team has a strong sense of common purpose or dedication, your morale is high; if there's a lot of bickering going on and people are quitting the company or just not doing their jobs, morale is low.Some more examples:
Perks keep morale high at Michigan's top workplaces
To improve officer morale, Sheppard said he will repair union relations, address concerns that officer discipline is handled unfairly and solicit more officer input while improving training..
WORD FAMILY
moral: amoral, immoral, moralise, moralism, morality, moralize, morally, morals +/amoral: amoralism, amorality, amorally /amoralism: amoralist/amoralist: amoralists/ immoral: immorality, immorally/ immorality: immoralities/moralisation: moralisations/moralise: moralisation, moralised, moralises, moralising/moralism: moralisms, moralist / moralist: moralists/moralistic: moralistically/ morality: moralistic, moralities/moralization: moralizations/ moralize: moralization, moralized, moralizes, moralizing/moralizing: moralizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a genuine person who lives by a strict moral code, and he expects to be treated fairly.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It explores how environments whittle away at the soul and morals of the underserved.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“Modi presented the entire idea of demonetisation as a highly moral act,” he says.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 道德的，道义上的; 精神上的; 无疑的，当然的; 教导道德的
n. 寓意，教训; （尤指男女间的）品行; 格言; 〈古〉相对者
分布：道德(81%)，道德的(7%)，伦理(4%)，寓意(4%)，精神上的(3%)，品行(1%)
→来自拉丁语moralis,举止，行为，得体的举止，来自mos,品行，性格，风俗，习惯，来自mo,努力，辛劳，做事方式，词源同mood,mores,mole.引申词义道德的，道义的。
道德的[mor=moral,表示"道德：]
a.道德(上)的,精神上的n.寓意,教育意义He refused the request on moral grounds.基于道德上的考虑,他拒绝了这个请求.
US ['mɔ:r-] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. which each person believes in, rather than to laws 道德的
• It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows. 她把所知道的事告诉警方是道义上的责任。
• It is not part of a novelist's job to make a moral judgment. 小说家并不需要作道德上的批判。
• She was the only politician to condemn the proposed law on moral grounds (= for moral reasons). 她是唯一一个从道德角度，对提议施行的法律作出谴责的政治家。
• The Democrats are attempting to capture the moral high ground (= are trying to appear more honest and good than the other political parties). 民主党试图显出在道义上占优势。
Compare amoral ; immoral
 IMPROVER
■behaving in ways considered by most people to be correct and honest 有道德的，品行端正的
• She's a very moral woman. 她是个品行极为端正的女人。
• Oh, stop being so moral! 哦，别这么一本正经！
• Is TV responsible for weakening people's moral fibre (= ability to behave well and honestly and work hard) ? 电视是否要对人们的道德品质下降负责呢？
UK ['mɒr.əl] US ['mɔ:r-] noun
STANDARDS 规范
morals
 IMPROVER [plural]
■standards for good or bad character and behaviour 道德；品行；道德规范
• public/private morals 公共／个人道德
• old-fashioned disapproving a person of loose morals (= whose character or sexual behaviour are considered unacceptable) 放荡的人
UK ['mɒr.əl] US ['mɔ:r-] noun
MESSAGE 讯息
countable
■The moral of a story, event or experience is the message which you understand from it about how you should or should not behave 道德教训；寓意
• And the moral of/to the story is that honesty is always the best policy. 这个故事的寓意是：诚实总是上策。
adj. 道德的；精神上的；品性端正的
 - psychological, ethical
n. 道德；寓意
 - overtone

Word: obsolete
Front: obsolete
[ˈɒbsəli:t] (研托雅宝 8876/11255 -1)
Vocabulary: obsolete
(once / 1314 pages)
adj
Use the adjective obsolete for something that is out of date. As the Rolling Stones song "Out of Time" goes, "You're obsolete, my baby, my poor old-fashioned baby."
Obsolete is from the Latin obsolescere "to fall into disuse," and it is a very handy adjective for anything that is no longer used, from words to factories to computer software to ways of thinking. Something that is obsolete has usually been displaced by a newer, shinier innovation. Compact discs made records and cassettes obsolete, and then downloadable digital music files made compact discs obsolete.
WORD FAMILY
obsolete: obsoletely, obsoleteness, obsoletest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, the very term “superpower” may be misleading or obsolete.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Some Silicon Valley entrepreneurs anticipate a time when robots and artificial intelligence will render many of today’s jobs obsolete.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
This would render China’s nuclear deterrent effectively obsolete, all but forcing it to compensate.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 废弃的; 老式的，已过时的; [生]已废退的
n. 废词; 被废弃的事物
vt. 淘汰; 废弃
分布：过时的(91%)，已废弃的(9%)
→来自obsolescent,过时的，陈旧的。
过时的(ob离开＋sol太阳＋ete→离开太阳了→放在角落不用了)
钝的;愚蠢的(ob[ob-表示"逆,倒,加强意义"]+tuse可能来自use→不能用了→钝的)
过时的[obsol=decay(腐烂)]
a.已废弃的,过时的The word is obsolete.这个词已经被废弃了.
【记】ob不，solete用一不再用一过时的
US [ˌɑ:b-] adjective
■not in use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable 废弃的；过时的；淘汰的；老化的
• Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented. 电灯发明以后煤气灯就被淘汰了。
adj. [生物] 废弃的；老式的
 - waste, dumped
vt. 淘汰；废弃
 - fall into disuse, wash out

Word: greatness
Front: greatness
[ɡreɪtnəs] (8879/11797)
Back: n. 伟大; 崇高; 著名; 大
分布：伟大(92%)，巨大(5%)，崇高(3%)
ADJ-GRADED
很大的；巨大的
You use great to describe something that is very large. Great is more formal than big .
例：The room had a great bay window.这间房有一扇巨大的凸窗。
例：...a great hall as long and high as a church.长度和高度与教堂相当的大厅
ADJ-GRADED
（数量或程度）大的，巨大的，超乎寻常的
Great means large in amount or degree.
例：I'll take great care of it...我会加倍爱惜它的。
例：Benjamin Britten did not live to a great age.本杰明·布里顿并未活到很大的年纪。
ADJ-GRADED
重大的；闻名的；令人激动的
You use great to describe something that is important, famous, or exciting.
例：...the great cultural achievements of the past...昔日辉煌的文化成就
例：America can be great again.美国会再度崛起。
ADJ-GRADED
伟大的；著名的； 卓越的；优秀的
You can describe someone who is successful and famous for their actions, knowledge, or skill as great .
例：Wes Hall was once one of the West Indies' great cricketers.韦斯·霍尔曾经是西印度群岛伟大的板球运动员之一。
例：...the great George Padmore.伟大的乔治·帕德莫尔
N-PLURAL
伟人；名人；大人物
The greats in a particular subject or field of activity are the people who have been most successful or famous in it.
例：...all the greats of Hollywood.所有的好莱坞名流
例：...cycling's all-time greats.空前杰出的自行车运动员
N-PLURAL
金曲
The greats of popular modern music are records that have been successful and that continue to be popular.
例：...a medley of rock'n'roll greats.摇滚金曲大联唱
ADJ
美妙的；好极了的；了不起的
If you describe someone or something as great, you approve of them or admire them.
例：Arturo has this great place in Cazadero...阿图罗在卡扎德罗威望极高。
例：They're a great bunch of guys...他们是一群很棒的小伙子。
ADJ
十分健康的；精力旺盛的；充满热情的
If you feel great, you feel very healthy, energetic, and enthusiastic.
例：I feel just great.我感觉好极了。
ADJ-GRADED
十足的；非常的
You use great in order to emphasize the size or degree of a characteristic or quality.
例：...a great big Italian wedding.场面盛大的意大利式婚礼
例：...her sense of colour and great eye for detail.她对颜色的感觉和捕捉细节的非凡眼力
EXCLAM
妙极了；太好了
You say great in order to emphasize that you are pleased or enthusiastic about something.
例：Oh great! That'll be good for Fergus.哦，太棒了！那将对弗格斯很有利。
EXCLAM
哼，这倒好（表示气愤、恼火等）
You say great in order to emphasize that you are angry or annoyed about something.
例：'Oh great,' I thought. 'Just what I need.'“哼，”我想，“正合我心。”
N-IN-NAMES
（用于同类动植物中较大者的名称前）大
Great is used as part of the name of a species of plant or animal when there is another species of the same plant or animal which is smaller and has different characteristics.
例：...the great white shark.大白鲨
n. 伟大；巨大
 - vastness, enormity

Word: culprit
Front: culprit
[ˈkʌlprɪt] (宝 8877/11124 -1)
Vocabulary: culprit
(once / 1160 pages)
n
A culprit is a person who does something wrong, like committing a crime. When your wallet got stolen out of your pocket, there was a culprit to blame in the crowd.
The word culprit comes from the Anglo French words cul prit, a contraction of culpable, which means "deserving blame." A culprit isn't always a person; it can be anything that caused something bad to happen — even a sock left on the steps can be a culprit if it makes you slip and fall. Don't confuse culprit with scapegoat, which is a person or thing that gets blamed for something it didn't do.
WORD FAMILY
culprit: culprits
USAGE EXAMPLES
She scoured the internet for information about stillbirths and pinched umbilical cords - the culprit in her son’s death.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The government will also be able to publicly name culprits who enable tax evasion or help move money offshore.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Whether the mine is truly the culprit for all the grasslands’ ills is another matter — climate change, for example, is probably an important factor.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 犯人，罪犯; 肇事者，被告人
分布：罪犯(96%)，起因(4%)
→来自culp-,责备，谴责，词源同inculpable.
noun countable
■someone who has done something wrong 过失者；责任人
• Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits. 警方希望公众能协助他们抓到罪犯。
■a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening 问题的起因；罪魁祸首
• Children in this country are getting much too fat, and sugar and sweets are the main culprits. 该国儿童过于肥胖，糖和甜食是罪魁祸首。
n. 犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人
 - prisoner, zek

Word: in-depth
Front: in-depth
[ˈinˈdepθ] None
Back: adj. 深入的，彻底的
分布：彻底的(50%)，深入的(50%)
→比喻用法。
adjective [before noun]
■done carefully and in great detail, or discovering the real reasons which cause something 深入详尽的
• an in-depth report/interview/analysis 深入的报告／采访／分析
adj. 彻底的，深入的
 - thorough, complete, radical

Word: differing
Front: differing
[ˈdifərɪŋ] (8868/6593)
Back: v. 不同，有异( differ的现在分词 ); 持异议
分布：不同(99%)，有区别(1%)
V-RECIP
相异;有区别;不同
If two or more things differ, they are unlike each other in some way.
例：The story he told police differed from the one he told his mother...他在警方和母亲那里说辞不一。
例：Management styles differ.管理风格各有不同。
V-RECIP
有分歧;持不同看法
If people differ about something, they do not agree with each other about it.
例：The two leaders had differed on the issue of sanctions...两位领导人在制裁问题上存在意见分歧。
例：That is where we differ...那就是我俩看法不一的地方。

Word: zip
Front: zip
[zɪp] (高研 8896/10485 -1)
Vocabulary: zip
(once / 2741 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
To zip is to close with a zipper. Also, zip means zilch, which is zero or nothing. Make sure to zip your wallet because if everything falls out, you’ll have zip.
Zip as in “to close with a zipper” is short for — you guessed it — zipper. If you're cold, zip up your coat. If you zip your lips, you’re not using a zipper but you’re closing your mouth. Zip meaning “nothing” came from kids in the 1900s when they referred to getting a zero on a test. Now, if you have zip, you have nothing, and not just on a test.
WORD FAMILY
zip: unzip, zipped, zipper, zipping, zippy, zips+/unzip: unzipped, unzipping, unzips/ zipper: zippered, zippering, zippers/zippy: zippier, zippiest, zippily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He finished the second belt, placed it in a plastic bag and zipped it closed.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
On visits to see family in Lebanon, he would zip over borders into Syria or Turkey to stock up on various peppers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
A patient’s Zip code, she said, determines life expectancy and overall health far more than genetics or access to health care, largely because of poverty.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拉链; 精力，活力; 尖啸声; 一种程序压缩格式
vt. 给予…速度; 用拉链拉上或扣上
vt. & vi. 尖啸而过; （使沿某方向）快速移动
时态：zipped, zipping, zips
→拟声词，同时用以指拉链。
n.拉链,尖啸声v.拉(拉链),尖啸而过The truck zipped along.大卡车咻地向前飞驶.
noun
FASTENER 扣件
 ADVANCED countable UK (US zipper)
■a fastener consisting of two rows of metal or plastic teeth-like parts which are brought together by pulling a small sliding piece over them, and which is used for closing openings in especially clothing or bags 拉链，拉锁
• to do up/undo a zip 拉上／拉开拉链
• I can't open my bag - the zip has stuck. 我的袋子打不开——拉链卡住了。
[zɪp] noun
SPEED 速度
uncountable informal
■energy; speed 精力；活力；速度
• The new engine has given the car a lot more zip. 新引擎使这辆汽车加速不少。
[zɪp] noun
NOTHING 无
uncountable US informal
■nothing 无，没有
• I know zip about computers. 我对电脑一无所知。
• The Dolphins are leading the Giants fourteen to zip (= by fourteen points to nothing). 海豚队以14比0领先巨人队。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
FASTEN 拉上
intransitive or transitive
■to fasten something with a zip 拉上（…的）拉链
• This bag's too full, I can't zip it shut. 这袋子装得太满，拉链都拉不上了。
• This dress zips (up) at the back. 这件连衣裙的拉链在背部。
• Zip your coat up , it's cold outside. 把外套的拉链拉上，外面很冷。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
GO QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] informal
■to move or go somewhere very quickly 快速移动；迅速去（某处）
• I'm just going to zip along to the shops - I won't be long. 我就去商店转一圈——时间不会很长的。
• We were about to cross the road when a car suddenly zipped past. 我们正准备过马路，这时一辆汽车突然飞驰而过。
⇒ See also zap
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
COMPUTING 电脑操作
transitive
■to compress (= reduce the size of) a computer file so that it uses less space, and can be more easily sent or stored 压缩（电脑文件）
• If you're desperate for disk space you could zip the file (up) and stick it on a floppy. 如果你的磁盘空间不足，可以把档进行压缩，复制到软碟上。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
zip it slang
■a rude and angry way of telling someone to stop talking 表示叫人住嘴（此表达方式粗鲁且充满怨愤）
• Just zip it, mate, I'm fed up with you. 住嘴，伙计，我受够你了。
[zɪp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] zip sth/sb up
■to fasten a piece of clothing by using its zip, or to help someone close the zip on a piece of clothing they are wearing 拉上…的拉链；帮（某人）拉上拉链
• Could you zip me up, please? 请帮我拉上拉链，好吗？
• Zip up your jacket, it's cold out there. 把上衣的拉链拉上，外面很冷。
n. 拉链；活力，精力；尖啸声，撕裂声；一种程序压缩的档案文件格式
 - energy, vitality, spring, vigor, steam

Word: bankrupt
Front: bankrupt
[ˈbæŋkrʌpt] (研六托雅宝 8878/7629 -2)
Vocabulary: bankrupt
(once / 450 pages)
adjvn
You might not have any money in your pocket, but it doesn’t necessarily mean you are bankrupt. It takes a legal proceeding for the courts to declare a person bankrupt — or officially unable to pay his debts.
Despite the word bank in bankrupt, the word can be used to describe an entity that is short of something other than money. A bankrupt nation might not have the natural resources for its people to produce goods. A nearby country that could easily help but chooses not to may be considered morally bankrupt because of its lack of compassion. Or, maybe there is more to the story. That nation might fear that helping another will bankrupt its own shaky economy. (That is how bankrupt can be used as a verb.)
WORD FAMILY
bankrupt: bankruptcy, bankrupted, bankrupting, bankrupts+/ bankruptcy: bankruptcies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly there was personal enmity between Hamilton and the bankrupt “voluptuary” he called Burr.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“The old system was bankrupt,” Roizman said in an interview.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“Nothing justifies this disaster that is bankrupting the country. We’re spending the holidays in line. They will not be very joyful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 破产的，倒闭的; 完全缺乏的; （名誉）扫地的，（智力等）完全丧失的; 垮了的，枯竭的
n. 破产者; 无力偿还债务者; 丧失（名誉，智力等）的人
vt. 使破产，使枯竭，使极端贫困
时态：bankrupted, bankrupting, bankrupts
分布：破产的(72%)，破产者(11%)，使破产(9%)，枯竭的(4%)，无知的人(3%)，道德败坏的(1%)
→bank, 凳子。词根rupt, 破，见corrupt. 来自14世纪时威尼斯货币商人如破产则砸碎凳子。
破产的(bank柜台+rupt→柜台断了→破产了)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
破产者(bank椅子-柜台+rupt断-柜台断 了-破产)[bank=bench(长椅)]
a.破产的;彻底缺乏的vt.使破产n.破产者Thanks to the bankrupt banker, my ankle avoided an injury.多亏那位破产的银行家,我的脚踝免受伤害.
【记】bank银行，rupt断－银行断了－破产
【参】corruption（n 腐败）；interrupt（v 打断）
adjective
 ADVANCED legal
■unable to pay what you owe, and having control of your financial matters given, by a court of law, to a person who sells your property to pay your debts 破产的，资不抵债的
• He went bankrupt after only a year in business. 他仅仅做了一年的生意就破产了。
• The recession has led to many small businesses going bankrupt. 经济不景气导致许多小企业破产。
■informal
■having no money 无钱的
• I shall go bankrupt if you children keep on asking for more pocket money! 如果你们几个孩子不断地向我要零用钱，我会破产的！
■disapproving
■not having a particular quality 缺乏…的
• He believes that modern society is morally bankrupt. 他认为现代社会道德沦亡。
['bæŋ.krʌpt] noun countable legal
■a person who is officially bankrupt 破产者
• He was declared a bankrupt in 1991. 1991年他被宣告破产。
['bæŋ.krʌpt] verb transitive legal
■to cause someone to become bankrupt 使某人破产
• They feared that the loss would bankrupt them. 他们担心这笔损失会使他们破产。
adj. [经] 破产的
 - broke, belly-up
vt. [经] 使破产
 - put out of business, bust
n. [经] 破产者
 - insolvent

Word: insignificant
Front: insignificant
[ˌɪnsɪgˈnɪfɪkənt] (四六托 8884/8473 -1)
Vocabulary: insignificant
(once / 549 pages)
adj
When something is insignificant, it doesn't matter. The fact that your mom gets to school a half hour late becomes insignificant when she announces you're stopping for ice cream on the way home.
The word signify, which is at the heart of insignificant, means "to mean." Significant means "meaningful." Add in- "not," and you have "not meaningful." A company can fire a worker from an insignificant job and still function. In a crisis, your feelings are insignificant; it is your actions that matter.
WORD FAMILY
insignificant: insignificance, insignificantly+/co-sign: co-signed/countersign: countersignature, countersigned, countersigning, countersigns/insignificance: insignificances/ sign: co-sign, countersign, signatory, signature, signed, signedly, signer, signify, signing, signs, undersign/ signatory: signatories/ signature: signatures/signed: unsigned/signer: signers/ significance: significances/ significant: insignificant, nonsignificant, significance, significantly /signification: significations/signifier: signifiers/ signify: significant, signification, signified, signifier, signifies, signifying/signing: signings/undersign: undersigned, undersigning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Department of Defense saying in 2013 that the threat posed by the group was largely insignificant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Even if that difference is so insignificant in the scheme of the whole world, she said, it is something.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
While Donald Trump’s wall does not exist, and may never exist, that does not mean it’s insignificant.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不重要的; 微小的; 毫无意义的; 不足道
分布：不重要的(45%)，无关紧要的(43%)，无用的(7%)，可忽略的(5%)
→in-,不，非，significant,重要的。
adjective
■not important or thought to be valuable, especially because of being small 不重要的，无足轻重的
• Why bother arguing about such an insignificant amount of money? 为甚么为那点小钱争吵？
• The difference between the two results was insignificant. 两个结果之间的差别无足轻重。
adj. 无关紧要的
 - indifferent, small-beer

Word: high-risk
Front: high-risk
[ˈhaɪˈrɪsk] None
Back: adj. 高危险度的，充满危险的
分布：高风险的(100%)
adjective [before noun]
■involving a greater than usual amount of risk 高风险的
• Only people who can afford to lose their money should make high-risk investments. 只有那些能够承受资金损失的人才适合进行高风险投资。

Word: jointly
Front: jointly
[dʒɔɪntlɪ] (8902/5404 -K)
Vocabulary: jointly
(once / 2085 pages)
adv
When more than one person or group works on something together, they do it jointly. A jointly researched and written term paper should have both the authors' names on the first page.
If you and your best friend buy a car together, you do it jointly, and if your whole family chips in to fund your cousin's trip to India, you contribute jointly. You might hear that your favorite radio program is jointly supported by a few local businesses, or read in a poetry magazine that it's jointly edited by two people. Earlier, the preferred word was joinly, though jointly comes from joint and its sense of connection.
WORD FAMILY
joint: disjoint, jointed, jointedly, jointer, jointing, jointly, joints+/disjoint: disjointed, disjointing, disjointly, disjoints/ disjointed: disjointedly, disjointedness/ jointed: unjointed/jointer: jointers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams was honored jointly for her performances in “Manchester by the Sea” and “Certain Women.”
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The FBI and Columbus police, who are jointly investigating the attack, are searching Artan’s home and the car he drove Monday morning.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
And that’s from separate rooms while jointly playing the video game “Call of Duty.”
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 共同地，联合地，连带地; 旅
分布：连带地(56%)，共同地(44%)
ADJ
联合的；共同的；共享的
Joint means shared by or belonging to two or more people.
例：She and Frank had never gotten around to opening a joint account...她和弗兰克还没有抽出时间去开联名账户。
例：Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision as to where they would live.关于他们将住哪里是杰姬和本共同决定的。
N-COUNT
关节
A joint is a part of your body such as your elbow or knee where two bones meet and are able to move together.
例：Her joints ache if she exercises.她一运动关节就疼。
N-COUNT
接合处；连接点；接头；接缝
A joint is the place where two things are fastened or fixed together.
N-COUNT
（适于烧烤的）大块肉
A joint is a fairly large piece of meat which is suitable for roasting.
例：He carved the joint of beef.他切开了那一大块烤牛肉。
N-COUNT
廉价娱乐场所；下等娱乐场所
You can refer to a cheap place where people go for some form of entertainment as a joint .
例：They had come to the world's most famous pick-up joint...他们来到了全世界最有名的寻花问柳之地。
例：...a hamburger joint.汉堡包店
N-COUNT
大麻烟卷
A joint is a cigarette which contains cannabis or marijuana.
PHRASE
（因感到无足轻重或不受重视）心烦意乱，感到不快
If something puts someone's nose out of joint, it upsets or offends them because it makes them feel less important or less valued.
例：Barry had his nose put out of joint by Lucy's aloof sophistication...露西的冷淡与世故使得巴里十分不快。
例：Her sister-in-law's nose is a little out of joint.她嫂子有点儿心烦。
PHRASE
不太正常；不得体；无秩序；紊乱
If something is out of joint, it is not quite right or appropriate, or does not work quite as it should.
例：There was something out of joint in the situation. Something was strange...情况有点儿不太正常。有些事有点儿古怪。
例：The electoral timetable seems to be out of joint with the need for change.选举时间表似乎有些混乱，需要改动一下。
adv. 共同地；连带地
 - collectively, corporately

Word: causal
Front: causal
[ˈkɔ:zl] (六宝 8904/5218)
Vocabulary: causal
(once / 3231 pages)
adj
Have you ever heard the saying "One thing leads to another"? When one thing is known for certain to cause another thing, then the first thing can be called causal.
Causal is a variation of the word cause, which should be a clue to its meaning. A cause is what makes something happen: the notebook flew across the room because you threw it, so your throwing it was causal. If a bolt of lightning set a statue on fire, the lightning was causal for the fire. Sometimes, we don't know what caused something, so we don't know what was causal. But if you can figure out "Who did it?" or "What did it?," then you've found what's causal.
WORD FAMILY
causal: causality, causally, noncausal+/ causality: causalities/ causation: causations/causative: causatively, noncausative/ cause: causal, causation, causative, caused, causeless, causes, causing/caused: uncaused/causeless: causelessly/causing: causings/uncaused: uncausedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The following January a ministry panel concluded that there is no evidence for a causal association between the HPV vaccine and the reported adverse events.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
This kind of study is good for generating a hypothesis, but not for testing a causal link, Hannaford says.
BBC(Dec 11, 2016)
The review also did not find evidence that obesity was a causal factor for unemployment or that weight-loss achieved through non-surgical treatment led to employment.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 具有因果关系的，构成原因的
分布：原因的(89%)，关于因果的(11%)
【记】源于：cause（n 原因）
【参】casual（adj 偶然的）；causality（n 因果关系）
US ['kɑ:-] formal
adjective
causal relationship/link etc.
■a relationship, link, etc. between two things in which one causes the other 因果关系／联系等
• Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behaviour? 电视暴力和暴力行为之间有因果关系吗？

Word: recycled
Front: recycled
[ˌri:ˈsaikld] (雅 8880/12502)
Back: v. 回收利用( recycle的过去式和过去分词 ); 再利用; 再次应用; 重新使用（概念、方法、玩笑等）
分布：循环(69%)，再利用(13%)，再循环(10%)，使再循环(5%)，再制(3%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■having been used before and then processed so that it can form a new product 回收利用的；再利用的
• This newspaper is made of recycled paper. 该报纸是用再生纸印刷的。

Word: overtake
Front: overtake
[ˌəʊvəˈteɪk] (研四六雅 8889/5931 -2)
Back: vt. 追上，赶上; 压倒; （不愉快的事）突然降临
时态：overtook, overtaken, overtaking, overtakes
分布：赶上(63%)，压倒(27%)，突然来袭(10%)
→over-,在上，超过，take,拿，取。
v.追上,超过,突然降临,压倒I overtake the undertaker who takes my stake by mistake.我追上那个误拿我赌注的承办人
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overtook, overtaken)
verb
GO PAST 超过
 ADVANCED transitive
■to go past something by being a greater amount or degree （数量或程度上）大于，超过
• Our US sales have now overtaken our sales in Europe. 我们在美国的销售额现已超过了我们在欧洲的销售额。
• We'd planned to hold a meeting tomorrow, but events have overtaken us (= things have changed). 我们本打算明天召开一个会议，但情况发生了变化。
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive UK (US pass)
■to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of them 超过，赶上，追上（人或车辆）
• Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car). 超车前一定要先看一下倒后镜。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'teɪk] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overtook, overtaken)
verb
HAPPEN 发生
   transitive
■to happen to a person or a place suddenly and unexpectedly 突然降临于；意外发生在
• The family was overtaken by tragedy several years ago, and they still haven't recovered. 几年前这家人突遭不幸，到现在还没复原过来。
vt. 赶上；压倒；突然来袭
 - catch up with, to catch up
vi. 超车
 - cut in

Word: flip
Front: flip
[flɪp] (托雅宝 3922/9976 -2)
Vocabulary: flip
(once / 1145 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v 4v 5v 6n 7adj
To flip is to turn or toss upside down, like flipping a mattress over. People flip out when excited, and a flip remark is disrespectful.
There are many types of flips and flipping. Gymnasts who turn themselves upside down are doing flips. Turning a pancake over is flipping it. Any quick, light motion can be described as a flip, like a quarterback flipping the ball to a receiver. When someone is extremely excited — and usually mad — they flip out. Also, flip comments are casual, quick, and disrespectful.
WORD FAMILY
flip: fliply, flipped, flipper, flipping, flips+/flipper: flipper-like, flippers
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the flip side, this may mean more competitive pricing on vacation experiences deemed less authentic, such as theme parks.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He looked at his flip phone, saw he hadn’t missed any calls from his attorney, and finished the first belt.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
He flipped it open and found a stamp from the Montgomery County library, and a checkout date of December 1974.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 轻弹，轻击; 按（开关）; 快速翻转; 急挥
vi. 发疯; 急动; 捻; 蹦蹦跳跳
n. 浏览; 空翻; （射击时枪管的）跳跃; 轻抛
adj. [口语]无礼的，轻率的，油腔滑调的; 冒失的，鲁莽的
时态：flipped, flipping, flips
分布：翻转(42%)，掷(12%)，弹(11%)，浏览(10%)，轻弹(6%)，轻击(6%)，轻率的(6%)，无礼的(5%)，冒失的(2%)
→来自辅音丛bl, fl, 折腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flag,flick. 引申各相关词义。
【记】fl＝fly飞，lip（n 嘴唇）：总是对小姑娘飞吻－鲁莽的，轻率的
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (-pp-)
■If you flip something, you turn it over quickly one or more times, and if something flips, it turns over quickly （使）快速翻转；迅速翻动
• When one side is done, flip the pancake (over) to cook the other side. 一面烤熟后，把烤饼迅速翻过来烤另一面。
• I lost my place in my book when the pages flipped over in the wind. 风把书页吹乱了，我找不到读到的那个地方了。
• You turn the television on by flipping (= operating) the switch at the side. 把边上的开关按一下，电视就打开了。
• The captains flipped a coin into the air (= made it turn over in the air to see which side it landed on) to decide which side would bat first. 两队队长向空中抛出一枚硬币，决定哪一方先击球。
[flɪp] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (-pp-)
flip (your lid) informal
■to become very angry 勃然大怒
• She'll flip her lid if I'm late again. 如果我又迟到，她会气疯的。
[flɪp] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  flip through sth
■to look quickly at the pages of a magazine, book, etc. 快速浏览；草草翻阅
[flɪp] noun countable
■when something turns over quickly or repeatedly 翻动，翻转
• a flip of a coin 抛硬币
• The acrobats were doing somersaults and flips (= jumping and turning their bodies over in the air). 杂技演员们正在翻筋斗和空翻。
[flɪp] adjective (flipper, flippest) UK informal for
■ flippant 活动挂图，配套挂图
[flɪp] exclamation UK old-fashioned informal
■used when you are slightly annoyed “不！”感叹词，表示有些愠怒
• Oh, flip, I've missed the bus. 哦不！我错过公车了。
vt. 掷；轻击
 - throw, pitch
vi. 用指轻弹；蹦跳
 - frisk
adj. 无礼的；轻率的
 - rude, offensive
n. 弹；筋斗
 - somesault

Word: coping
Front: coping
[ˈkəʊpɪŋ] (8862/22586)
Back: n. 顶部，顶盖，墙的顶部
v. 成功地应付，对付( cope的现在分词 )
分布：顶部(40%)，顶盖(30%)，墙顶(20%)，动词cope的现在分词.(10%)
→来自cape, 斗篷，因形如斗篷而得名。
VERB
(成功地)处理，应付，对付
If you cope with a problem or task, you deal with it successfully.
例：It was amazing how my mother coped with bringing up three children on less than three pounds a week...我妈妈用每周不到3英镑的钱抚养大了3个孩子，简直太不可思议了。
例：The problems were an annoyance, but we managed to cope.这些问题很讨厌，但是我们都设法解决了。
VERB
应付，忍受(不愉快的局面)
If you have to cope with an unpleasant situation, you have to accept it or bear it.
例：Never before has the industry had to cope with war and recession at the same time...这个行业以前从未有过必须同时应付战争和萧条的经历。
例：She has had to cope with losing all her previous status and money.她不得不忍受彻底失去以前所拥有的地位和金钱的痛苦。
VERB
(机器、系统等)能够处理，应付
If a machine or a system can cope with something, it is large enough or complex enough to deal with it satisfactorily.
例：New blades have been designed to cope with the effects of dead insects...新的桨片设计使其可以应付昆虫尸体带来的影响。
例：The country's prisons are filled with drug-takers, and cannot cope with the numbers...这个国家的监狱里挤满了瘾君子，都容纳不下了。
N-COUNT
(基督教牧师在特殊仪式中所穿的)长袍，法衣
A cope is a long sleeveless piece of clothing worn by some Christian priests on special occasions.
n. 顶部； [口腔] 顶盖； [建] 墙顶
 - top, roof

Word: wonderfully
Front: wonderfully
[ˈwʌndəfəli] (8891/8680)
Back: adv. 精彩地; 极好地; 惊人地; 奇妙地
分布：绝妙地(40%)，极佳地(40%)，惊人的(20%)
US [-dɚ-] adverb
■extremely, or extremely well 极好地；绝妙地
• This sauce goes wonderfully well with fish, asparagus or new potatoes. 这种调味酱无论是配鱼、芦笋还是新马铃薯都非常棒。
• As a child I hated my brother, but now we get on wonderfully. 小时候我讨厌我的兄弟，但现在我们的关系非常融洽。
adv. 精彩地；惊人地；极好地
 - prime, surprisingly

Word: cache
Front: cache
[kæʃ] (宝 8893/10655 -1)
Vocabulary: cache
(once / 2621 pages)
1nv 2n
Cache sounds like what it is, a stash, and sometimes people — usually the criminal type — have a cache of stolen cash.
Often the phrase "weapons cache" is used of a bunch of hidden guns or weapons that have been hidden or stored away, which is logical, given that the French verb cacher means "to hide." Sometimes things aren’t really hidden but are stored away out of sight for use later. Computers even cache data and directories to retrieve when needed. So a cache is anything from a stash of cash to a store of information on reserve.
WORD FAMILY
cache: cached, caches, caching
USAGE EXAMPLES
A biography of the poet that draws on a newly discovered cache of letters.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
When it became obvious that Saddam’s WMD cache did not exist, many on the right simply insisted that it did.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
There was the standard cache of unread e-mails that constantly haunted me, like pieces of lint stuck to my soul.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 藏物处; 隐藏处; 藏匿的珍宝; <电脑>快速缓冲贮存区
vt. 贮藏
vi. 躲藏
时态：cached, cacheing, caches
分布：缓存(98%)，隐藏所(1%)，藏身处(1%)
→来自拉丁词coactare, 压缩，堆放。co-, 强调，-act, 做，压紧。
【记】读：cash现金－需要cachecache缓存，用来隐藏信息
noun
countable
■a hidden store of things, or the place where they are kept 隐藏物；隐藏所
• an arms cache 武器隐藏地
• a cache of explosives/weapons/drugs 一批隐藏的炸药／武器／毒品
[kæʃ] noun (also cache memory) countable or uncountable
■an area or type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily and got to especially quickly （电脑的）高速缓冲记忆体；快取记忆体
• 256Kb secondary cache 256千位元组二级快取记忆体
n. [计] 电脑高速缓冲存储器；贮存物；隐藏处
 - covert
vt. 隐藏；窖藏
 - lock, pocket, conceal
vi. 躲藏
 - harbor, hide out

Word: watcher
Front: watcher
[ˈwɒtʃə(r)] (8888/11384)
Back: n. 观看的人，观察的人
分布：看守人(64%)，监票员(18%)，看护人(18%)
US ['wɑ:.tʃɚ] noun countable
■a person who watches television or films （电视或电影的）观众
• The new channel is certainly good news for the movie watcher. 这个新频道对于电影观众来说，当然是个好消息。
⇒ See also viewer
n. 观察者；看守人；哨兵；（美）选举监票员
 - observer, viewer

Word: cross-country
Front: cross-country
[ˈkrɔ:sˈkʌntri:, ˈkrɔs-] (-2)
Back: adj. 越野的; 横越全国的
n. 越野赛跑
分布：越野的(63%)，横过田野的(25%)，越野运动(12%)
US [ˌkrɑ:s-] adjective
■describes sports in which competitors travel long distances through the countryside 越野的
• cross-country skiing 越野滑雪
UK [ˌkrɒs'kʌn.tri] US [ˌkrɑ:s-] adverb
■across the length of a country 横穿全国地
• After high school, we bought a camper van and travelled cross-country for two months. 中学毕业后，我们买了部野营车，穿越全国旅行了两个月。
adj. 越野的，横过田野的；横越全国的
 - off-highway
n. 越野赛跑
 - steeplechase

Word: arbitration
Front: arbitration
[ˌɑ:bɪˈtreɪʃn] (托 8897/7414 -1)
Vocabulary: arbitration
(once / 1506 pages)
n
When an uninvolved, impartial person is called in to help settle a dispute, it's called arbitration. The person in charge of the arbitration acts like an official referee, helping both sides come to an agreement.
The noun arbitration comes to English via the Latin word arbitrari, meaning "to judge." In English, arbitration is both the process of using an arbiter to settle a dispute and the act of that arbiter making a judgment. Many parents know that if the arbitration of your kids' argument was deemed unfair by both kids, you've usually made the right decision.
WORD FAMILY
arbitration: arbitrational, arbitrations+/ arbiter: arbiters, arbitrate /arbitrable: nonarbitrable/arbitrament: arbitraments/ arbitrate: arbitrable, arbitrament, arbitrated, arbitrates, arbitrating, arbitration, arbitrator, arbitrement/arbitrator: arbitrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it became a free-for-all and a busy time for lawyers travelling back-and-forth at the court of arbitration for sport.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
A judge is expected to rule soon on whether to uphold the decision or order a new arbitration hearing.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He said arbitration talks were still at the "case management stage."
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 仲裁，公断
分布：仲裁(98%)，公断(2%)
US [ˌɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the process of solving an argument between people by helping them to agree to an acceptable solution 仲裁
• Both sides in the dispute have agreed to go to arbitration to have the disagreement solved by an arbitrator . 争议双方都同意提请仲裁。
n. [法] 公断，仲裁
 - mediation, umpirage