Title: TheEconomist_1W2-1W4 (part 2)

Word: comprehensible
Front: comprehensible
[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl] (托宝 19208/14092)
Back: adj. <正>可理解的，能懂的
分布：可理解的(87%)，易懂的(13%)
可理解的(prehens+ible)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
US [ˌkɑ:m-] adjective
■able to be understood 可理解的，易于理解的
• It's written in clear, comprehensible English. 它是用明白易懂的英语写成的。
• Her writing is barely comprehensible to me. 她的作品我几乎不能理解。
Opposite incomprehensible
adj. 可理解的
 - accessible, intelligible

Word: disrepute
Front: disrepute
[ˌdɪsrɪˈpju:t] (托宝 26889/15191 -1)
Vocabulary: disrepute
(once / 8389 pages)
n
Disrepute is when a person or a group has a really bad reputation. A mean prank played by just a few football players, for example, might bring the entire team into disrepute.
If you damage your reputation or dishonor your family in some way, you've fallen into disrepute. The noun is especially useful for describing the loss of esteem for a group, team, or organization: "The scandal sent the entire sport of kickboxing into disrepute." It stems from repute, the general opinion or reputation of something, which comes directly from the Latin word repute.
WORD FAMILY
repute: disrepute, reputable, reputation, reputed, reputes, reputing+/disreputability: disreputabilities/ disreputable: disreputability, disreputableness, disreputably/reputability: reputabilities/ reputable: disreputable, reputability, reputably/ reputation: reputations
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a time when government, especially at the national level, is in disrepute, Democrats convey an impression of satisfaction with the status quo.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
The FA said Mourinho’s comments constituted “improper conduct” and had “brought the game into disrepute.”
Washington Times(Nov 02, 2016)
The FA said Thursday that Mourinho has been charged with misconduct because his comments “were improper and/or brought the game into disrepute.”
Washington Times(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 坏名声; 不光彩; 声名狼藉
分布：声誉不好(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。repute, 尊敬，声望。
坏名声(dis不好+repute名声→名声不好)[put=think,表示"认为,思考"]
noun uncountable
■the state of not being trusted or respected 失去信任；不受尊重；坏名声
• Involvement with terrorist groups brought the political party into disrepute. 因与恐怖团伙有染，该政党陷入了信任危机。
• The legal profession has fallen into disrepute. 律师业已经名声扫地。
n. 不光彩，坏名声
 - bad reputation

Word: disco
Front: disco
[ˈdɪskəʊ] (雅 10557/5777 -2)
Vocabulary: disco
(once / 5631 pages)
nv
Disco is music with a heavy bass beat that’s fun to dance to. The heyday of disco was 1970s America, where people wore satin bell-bottoms and big Afros and went to nightclubs and did some serious disco dancing!
When you go to a disco, you can recreate some of the dance moves of the 1970s. If you need inspiration, check out the movie Saturday Night Fever and shake your hips under a giant disco ball. Disco is an American English invention from the 1960s, a shortened form of discotheque, a French word that means both "club for dancing" and also "record library." A DJ spins records, or discs, at the disco.
WORD FAMILY
disco: discoed, discoing, discos
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you like it live, with rich instrumentation, there’s Escort, New York’s disco big band.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The French duo Justice, whose 2011 album “Audio, Video, Disco” explored bombastic progressive rock territory, returned to futuristic funk grooves for their latest album, “Woman.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On the first Wham! album, “Fantastic,” from 1983, they poked around in styles from disco to rap.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 迪斯科舞厅，迪斯科舞会; 的士高
分布：迪斯科舞厅(79%)，跳迪斯科舞(14%)，迪斯科舞曲(7%)
US [-koʊ] noun
DANCE 舞蹈
 ADVANCED countable (plural discos) (old-fashioned discotheque)
■an event where people dance to modern recorded music for entertainment, or a place where this often happens 的士高；迪斯可舞会；迪斯可舞厅
• disco lights 的士高／迪斯可舞厅的灯光设备
UK ['dɪs.kəʊ] US [-koʊ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable (also disco music)
■a type of music that people dance to in a nightclub , that was popular in the 1970s 的士高／迪斯可音乐

Word: deplorable
Front: deplorable
[dɪˈplɔ:rəbl] (17599/18417 -1)
Vocabulary: deplorable
(once / 1249 pages)
adj
Deplorable is an adjective used to describe something extremely bad or unfortunate, like the deplorable destruction and loss of life in Japan after the earthquake and tsunami.
Deplorable comes from the French word déplorer meaning "to give up as hopeless," meaning something is so bad, there is no hope of improvement like the deplorable actions of the arsonist who burned down the museum filled with priceless antiques. Deplorable can also describe something that is of terrible quality or unhealthful, like the deplorable state of the area under your bed — is that a moldy sandwich under there?
WORD FAMILY
deplorable: deplorablest, deplorably+/ deplore: deplorable, deplored, deplores, deploring
USAGE EXAMPLES
The past year was a hell of a lot better than the deplorable national debate portrayed it to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Freeman calls the player’s behavior recounted in that investigation deplorable.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Israel’s representative office in Taipei condemned the event, calling it “deplorable and shocking.”
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 糟透的，可叹的，可悲的; 应受谴责的; 破旧的
分布：悲惨的(36%)，凄惨的(24%)，糟糕的(16%)，应受谴责的(16%)，破旧的(8%)
悲惨的(deplore+able)[plor=cry,weep,表示"喊,哭"]
US [-'plɔ:r.ə-] formal
adjective
■very bad 非常糟糕的，极其恶劣的
• I thought his behaviour absolutely deplorable. 我认为他的行为极其恶劣。
• They are forced to live in deplorable conditions. 他们被迫在极其恶劣的条件下生活。
adj. 可叹的；凄惨的
 - sad, regretable

Word: dingy
Front: dingy
[ˈdɪndʒi] (托雅宝 14979/16199)
Vocabulary: dingy
(once / 1075 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something is dingy, it's dirty. If you spend your days as a chimney sweeper, you probably look pretty dingy.
The adjective dingy is often, but not always, used to describe one's clothing or living space. The adjective dingy comes from uncertain origins, but experts suspect it may be a backformation from the word dung, which is animal excrement. So you can imagine how dirty, dismal, grungy, and grimy something described as dingy is.
WORD FAMILY
dingy: dingier, dingiest, dingily, dinginess+/dinge: dinged, dinges, dinging, dingy
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was the attitude she carried, at the age of 28, into what sounded like a dingy sci-fi movie called Alien, shooting in England.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The entrance door is daubed with graffiti, the ground floor hallway dingy and depressing.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
It started when I was working as a union organizer in a little town in upstate New York, living out of a dingy motel room.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 暗淡的，乏味的; 肮脏的
级别：dingier, dingiest
分布：昏暗的(55%)，肮脏的(45%)
→可能来自dung, 粪。
【记】ding钉，y外：把铁钉子放在外面会生锈退色－肮脏的；褪色的
adjective
■dark and often also dirty 阴暗肮脏的，黑乎乎脏兮兮的
• a dingy room/corridor 阴暗肮脏的房间／走廊
• Her hair was a dingy brown colour. 她的头发呈现出一种脏兮兮的棕黑色。
adj. 昏暗的；肮脏的
 - lowering, caliginous

Word: evacuee
Front: evacuee
[ɪˌvækjuˈi:] (19076/21820 -1)
Back: n. 被疏散者; 被撤离者; 撤退者
分布：被疏散者(60%)，被撤离者(40%)
noun countable
■someone who is evacuated from a dangerous place, especially during a war （尤指战争中的）被撤离者，被疏散者
• Thousands of evacuees crossed the border to safety. 数以千计的被疏散者越过边界到达了安全地带。

Word: downer
Front: downer
[ˈdaʊnə(r)] (25150/34710)
Back: n. 镇定剂，令人沮丧的人
分布：镇定剂(75%)，令人沮丧的人或事(25%)
→来自down,向下，镇静。
US [-nɚ] informal
noun
EXPERIENCE 经历
countable usually singular
■an event or experience which makes you very unhappy 令人沮丧的事
• You lost your job? That's a real downer! 你丢掉了工作？真是太倒楣了！
UK ['daʊ.nər] US [-nɚ] informal
noun
DRUG 药品
countable
■a drug that makes you feel calmer 镇静剂 Compare upper
n. 镇定剂；令人沮丧的人
 - tranquilizer

Word: engrave
Front: engrave
[ɪnˈgreɪv] (托雅宝 12280/12046 -1)
Vocabulary: engrave
(once / 379 pages)
v
To engrave is to carve into something, especially stone. Sometimes people have messages engraved inside their wedding rings, their iPods, or any other rock-hard surface that can handle it.
Words are engraved on tombstones to honor the people who died. Grave used to mean “to dig or carve” but no one uses it that way anymore because they would say engrave instead. Anytime a hard surface has a message or picture cut into, it was engraved. Sometimes engraving isn’t physical. A super fun birthday when your long lost grandmother rode in on a stallion could be engraved in your mind forever. Both kinds of engraving leave an impression.
WORD FAMILY
engrave: engraved, engraver, engraves, engraving +/engraver: engravers/ engraving: engravings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became their own little phrase and I engraved it onto a charm for them,” she says.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The three-foot-tall crosses were engraved with the name of a homicide victim.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Each gun was reportedly engraved with the player’s number.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）铭记; 雕刻，镌刻; 深印于（心上）; 印刷
时态：engraved, engraving, engraves
分布：雕刻(50%)，铭记(34%)，刻上(16%)
→en-, 进入，使。grave, 雕刻。
【记】grave（n 墓穴；adj 严重的；v 雕刻；铭记）
verb transitive
■to cut words, pictures or patterns into the surface of metal, stone, etc 在（金属、石头等）上雕刻（字、图案等）
• The jeweller skillfully engraved the initials on the ring. 珠宝商很巧妙地把名字的首字母刻在了戒指上。
• The bracelet was engraved with his name and date of birth. 手镯上刻有他的名字和出生日期。
[ɪn'greɪv] verb transitive
be engraved on your memory/mind
■to be very difficult to forget 铭刻在记忆里／脑海中
• That last conversation we had is engraved on my memory forever. 我们最后的谈话永远铭刻在我的记忆中。
vt. 雕刻；铭记
 - brand, heart, grave

Word: gotham

Word: grizzly
Front: grizzly
['grɪzlɪ] (12822/33645)
Vocabulary: grizzly
(once / 1771 pages)
1n 2adj
A grizzly is a large North American species of bear also known as a silvertip bear. When you go camping and hiking in the western United States, park rangers might teach you what to do if you see a grizzly.
The grizzly bear's formal Latin name, Ursus arctos horribilis, came from confusion between grizzly and grisly, or "horrible." Grizzly bears are known for being solitary and having brown fur tipped in white or gray. The adjective grizzly probably arose from these "grizzled" or gray-colored hairs, since it describes appearing aged or old, especially because of graying hair.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
grisly / gristly / grizzly
Blood, guts, and man-eaters, oh my! Feint of heart turn back now! Grisly means relating to horror or disgust, gristly means related to gristle or cartilage, and grizzly is a big ol' bear. That can eat you.
Grisly describes blood and guts, horror movie fodder, something totally repulsive. It shows up in these blood-curdling examples:
The grisly massacre — some bodies were grotesquely mutilated and defiled — shocked the country and made global headlines. (Time)
Television video showed a heavily damaged building and a grisly scene inside, with clothing and prayer mats scattered across a blood-splattered floor. (New York Times)
Gristly is gross, too, but it means related to gristle or cartilage, that yucky hard stuff in a chicken leg, for example, or the tough chewy part in any meat. Or person. Here are some gristly examples to gnaw on:
In a ham sandwich is a cold, pink punch in the face, an angry thing marbled with gristly neglect. (Guardian)
This is surrounded by a sheath of connective tissue, at first merely membranous, later becoming cartilaginous or gristly. (John Mason Tyler)
Grizzly refers to a species of brown bear found in North America. Grizzly can also refer to the color gray or gray hair: Grizzlies get their name from the white hairs that grow in their brown coats, making them look grizzled (streaked with gray).
He makes a face like a threatened grizzly bear: mouth wide open, snout muscles flexed, teeth bared. (New York Times)
All in all, if you're going out on a bear hunt, avoid grisly, gristly, and even grizzly bears. Hunt for teddy bears instead.
WORD FAMILY
grizzly: grizzlier, grizzlies, grizzliest+/grizzle: grizzled, grizzles, grizzling, grizzly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Facing the Memphis Grizzlies on Tuesday, that lineup might return.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Golden Grizzlies lead didn’t drop below five points the rest of the way and their advantage hit 14 with 40 seconds left.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The government alerted them to the "Grizzly Steppe" code on Thursday.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 灰白头发的
n. 北美洲灰熊
级别：grizzlier, grizzliest
分布：灰熊(92%)，格筛(5%)，灰白的(3%)
N-COUNT
灰熊；银光熊
A grizzly or a grizzly bear is a large, fierce, greyish-brown bear.
例：...two grizzly bear cubs.两只灰熊幼崽
ADJ-GRADED
（小孩）不断啼哭的，耍脾气的
If children are grizzly, they complain or cry a lot, often because they are unwell or tired.
例：All babies need quiet times on their own and get grizzly if they've had too much stimulation.婴儿都需要自己安静地呆一会儿，如果受到太多的刺激他们就会大声啼哭。
adj. 灰色的
 - grey, gray, cinereous

Word: fastidious
Front: fastidious
[fæˈstɪdiəs] (雅宝 20212/18749 -1)
Vocabulary: fastidious
(once / 1419 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you want to describe a person who insists on perfection or pays much attention to food, clothing and cleanliness, the right word is fastidious.
Fastidious is a funny-sounding adjective from the Latin fastidium "loathing" that has several equally strange-sounding synonyms — persnickety, fussbudgety, finicky and punctilious. Fussy and hard to please will also do the trick. Fastidious is occasionally used as a compliment to describe someone whose attention to detail gives them good organizing abilities, but it is usually used as a disapproving term.
WORD FAMILY
fastidious: fastidiously, fastidiousness, unfastidious+/fastidiousness: fastidiousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
His fastidious, historically sensitive renditions of Bach’s unaccompanied suites were widely acclaimed.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Tall and physically commanding, fastidious in his attire, he often built to a crescendo of indignation, gesturing firmly with long-fingered, well-manicured hands.
Reuters(Nov 26, 2016)
Fastidious about things being neat, he grew weary of Beijing’s messy brown grass.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 挑剔的; 讲究的; 苛求的; （微生物等）需要复杂营养的
分布：挑剔的(55%)，苛求的(18%)，=particular.(9%)，过分讲究的(9%)，一丝不苟的(9%)
→来自拉丁语fastus, 傲慢，骄傲，蔑视。其原义为骄傲的，过于骄傲的。并引申相关词义。
【记】fast绝食，tidious＝tedious（adj 单调乏味的）－因单调乏味而绝食－挑剔的
【反】indiscriminate（adj 不加选择的；不加区分的）；coarse（adj 粗糙的；粗俗的）；uncritical（adj 不严厉的）easygoing（adj 逍遥自在的；放荡的；不严肃的）；cursory（adj 匆匆忙忙的；草率的）
adjective
■giving too much attention to small details and wanting everything to be correct and perfect 一丝不苟的；过分严谨的；苛求的
• He is very fastidious about how a suitcase should be packed. 他对如何收拾行装要求很严格。
■having a strong dislike of anything dirty or unpleasant 有洁癖的；讲究的
• They were too fastidious to eat in a fast-food restaurant. 他们太讲究了，不会在速食店吃饭。
adj. 挑剔的；苛求的，难取悦的；（微生物等）需要复杂营养地
 - particular, demanding

Word: hsien

Word: informality
Front: informality
[ˌɪnfɔ:'mælətɪ] (24089/19552)
Back: n. 非正式; 不拘礼节
分布：非正式(74%)，不拘礼节(26%)
【记】formality（n 拘谨；拘泥形式）
n. 非正式；不拘礼节
 - without ceremony

Word: incidental
Front: incidental
[ˌɪnsɪˈdentl] (12217/9982 -1)
Vocabulary: incidental
(once / 654 pages)
adjn
Incidental means secondary in time or importance. If you lose weight because you moved and must walk further to school, the weight loss was incidental to the move.
When something is incidental, it is never the main thing. It's okay to include incidental details as they can add depth to your storytelling, but they are never crucial to the story. A company might pay your main expenses when you travel for business but will probably not reimburse you for the incidental ones. The music you hear between acts of a play is called incidental. It's not crucial to the action, but it makes the waiting easier.
WORD FAMILY
incidental: incidentally, incidentals+/ incidence: incidences/ incident: incidence, incidental, incidently, incidents
USAGE EXAMPLES
They don’t speak a word of the language; despite this incidental fact, if not because of it, they wept, too.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
One incidental discovery, Dr. Lentink said, was a way to keep the bird goggles from fogging up.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Whether Leicester are in a position to allow the disappointments, however incidental, to pile up seems an increasingly relevant question.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 附属的; 易发生的，偶然发生的; 伴随发生的
n. 附带事件; 伴随事件，杂费; 非主要的附带项或费用
分布：附带的(38%)，偶然的(32%)，杂项(11%)，附带事件(10%)，容易发生的(6%)，非主要的(3%)
→来自incident,偶发事件，发生。引申词义偶然的，附带的。
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■less important than the thing something is connected with or part of 次要的；附带的；伴随的
• Try not to be distracted by incidental details. 尽量不要为一些次要的枝节问题分心。
• The points you make are true, but they're incidental to the main problem. 你的看法都正确，但它们对主要问题而言只是枝节性的。
adj. 附带的；偶然的；容易发生的
 - occasional, casual
n. 附带事件；偶然事件；杂项
 - happenchance, fortuity

Word: inoculate
Front: inoculate
[ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt] (宝 18002/26275)
Vocabulary: inoculate
(once / 2514 pages)
v
If you inoculate someone, you try to make him immune to a disease by injecting a little dose of it, so his body can make antibodies to fight it off. When you were little you probably got a vaccine to inoculate you against smallpox.
When inoculate first came into English in the 15th century, it referred to inserting a bud onto another plant. Now you’re more likely to hear it used to describe the process of building up immunity to a disease by giving someone a vaccine, which also involves the insertion of foreign matter. You can also inoculate someone metaphorically, with ideas.
WORD FAMILY
inoculate: inoculated, inoculates, inoculating, inoculation, inoculator+/ inoculation: inoculations/inoculator: inoculators
USAGE EXAMPLES
As with the mice, the inoculated monkeys developed immunity: all three vaccines protected completely against infection.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
The goal, he said, was “deterring the Russians from further malign cyber action and inoculating the public against such manipulation in the future.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
While we cleaned and shopped, the family was being interviewed and inoculated in preparation for travel as refugees to the United States.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 给…做预防注射
时态：inoculated, inoculating, inoculates
分布：灌输(67%)，给 ... 注射疫苗(33%)
→in-,进入，使，-oc,眼，词源同eye,ocular.比喻用法，由眼引申词义针眼，打针。
【记】in进入，ocul萌芽，ate－种植疫苗－预防性注射I我，no，cul教育，培养，ate：我没有受过教育，所以不知道要注射预防针。参：cultivate（vt 培养；耕作）I，no，cu哭，late：我不哭，虽然打预防针疼，但是对我的身体有好处。
US [-'nɑ:.kjə-] verb transitive
■to give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection , as a protection against that disease 给…接种，给…作预防注射
• My children have been inoculated against polio. 我的孩子都打了小儿麻痹预防针。
vt. [医] 接种；嫁接；灌输
 - to get vaccinated, engraft

Word: jeremiah
Front: jeremiah
[ˌdʒeriˈmaiə] (-/17096)
Back: n. （圣经）耶利米，耶利米书
分布：悲观论者(50%)，圣经《耶利米书》(50%)

Word: jake
Front: jake
[dʒeɪk] (-/8350)
Back: adj. 满意的，上等的; 满意的
n. <美>乡，下。佬？，家：伙：
分布：乡下佬(40%)，上等的(30%)，家伙(30%)
adj. 上等的，满意的
 - satisfactory, content
n. 家伙，乡下佬
 - apple, customer, fellow, guy, bird

Word: interdependence
Front: interdependence
[ˌɪntədɪ'pendəns] (托 12165/15734)
Vocabulary: interdependence
(once / 12862 pages)
n
Interdependence is mutual dependence between things. If you study biology, you’ll discover that there is a great deal of interdependence between plants and animals.
Inter- means "between," so interdependence is dependence between things. We often use interdependence to describe complex systems. Marriage creates a state of interdependence between spouses. If your dog provides you with love and happiness, and you provide your dog with food and walks (and love and happiness), then your relationship with your dog is one of interdependence.
WORD FAMILY
interdependence: interdependences+/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependency: dependencies/ dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent / independence: independences/independency: independencies/ independent: independence, independency, independently, independents/interdepend: interdependent /interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
While economic interdependence between the two nations is high, that also means the stakes are high.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
The play’s message about interdependence may seem simple enough, but this is no kiddie show.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Stern said there’s a level of interdependence in South Dakota that he finds very compelling that “cuts across communities.”
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 互相依赖; 互赖
分布：互相依赖(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
相互依赖;相互依存
Interdependence is the condition of a group of people or things that all depend on each other.
例：...the interdependence of nations.国家间的相互依存
例：...economic interdependence.经济上的相互依赖
n. [统计] 互相依赖
 - codependency

Word: jobseeker
Front: jobseeker
['dʒɒbsi:kə(r)] None
Back: n. 求职者
分布：求职者(100%)
US ['dʒɑ:bˌsi:.kɚ] UK
noun countable
■someone who is trying to find a job 求职者
n. 求职者
 - job-hunter

Word: lunacy
Front: lunacy
[ˈlu:nəsi] (21590/20480)
Vocabulary: lunacy
(once / 911 pages)
n
Lunacy is acting silly or stupid. Your mom might yell, "It's lunacy to go out in the snow wearing those flip flops!"
Some people use the noun lunacy when they talk about actual mental instability, although this is considered old fashioned and outdated. It's much more common to describe the lunacy of someone who does something ridiculous or foolish. While adopting a cat from the animal shelter might be a great idea, adopting all thirty cats from the shelter would be lunacy. Lunacy comes from lunatic, originally "affected with periodic insanity, dependent on phases of the moon."
WORD FAMILY
lunacy: lunacies, lunatic +/ lunatic: lunatics
USAGE EXAMPLES
From this perspective, freezing gunshot victims seems like lunacy.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
It was a younger nation steeped either in lunacy or bias.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
I know the lunacy has taken its toll.
Seattle Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. 精神失常; 极蠢
分布：精神失常(59%)，精神病(31%)，愚行(10%)
→来自lunatic,精神病。
noun uncountable
■stupid behaviour that will have bad results 愚蠢的行为，不明智的举动
• It would be lunacy to try to climb the mountain in this weather. 疯子才会在这样的天气去爬山。
• It was sheer lunacy spending all that money. 把那些钱都花光简直是愚蠢至极。
old-fashioned
■mental illness 精神病，精神错乱
n. 精神失常；愚蠢的行为
 - simple, madness

Word: lard
Front: lard
[lɑ:d] (18167/20959)
Back: n. 猪油
vt. 润色; 涂猪油于; 将肥猪肉片嵌于（牛肉或禽肉）中; （在讲话或文章中）夹杂大量（某类词语）
时态：larded, larding, lards
分布：猪油(84%)，润色(10%)，点缀(4%)，涂油于(2%)
→来自拉丁语lardum,猪油，熏肉。后仅指猪油。
US [lɑ:rd] noun uncountable
■a white substance made from pig fat and used in cooking （烹调用的）猪油
UK [lɑ:d] US [lɑ:rd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lard sth with sth
■If speech or a piece of writing is larded with a particular type of language, it has a lot of that type of language （讲话或文章中）大量夹杂，大量穿插（某类语言）
• Her speech was larded with literary quotations. 她在讲话中引用了许多文学语录。
vt. 润色，点缀；涂加猪油
 - touch up, give it another brush
n. 猪油
 - axunge

Word: macabre
Front: macabre
[məˈkɑ:brə] (宝 18553/15626 -1)
Vocabulary: macabre
(once / 12455 pages)
adj
The adjective macabre is used to describe things that involve the horror of death or violence. If a story involves lots of blood and gore, you can call it macabre.
This word first appeared in English in the context of the "Dance of Death," recounted in literature as the figure of Death leading people in a dance to the grave, and translated from the Old French Danse Macabre. The Macabre part of the phrase is thought to be an alteration of Macabe "a Maccabee," an allusions to the Maccabees, who were a Jewish people who led a revolt against Syria about 166 B.C. and were martyred in the process.
WORD FAMILY
macabre: macabrely
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the bloodfest “American Mary,” he played Dr. Black, a medical professional who enjoys practicing macabre experiments on patients.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
In fact, the charwoman scene in “Mr. Magoo’s Christmas Carol” — it walks that line of macabre humor.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Efforts to connect the war to fears of masculine inadequacy seem now almost as comical as Bellows’s work is macabre.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 以死亡为主题的; 令人毛骨悚然的
分布：恐怖的(38%)，以死亡为主题的(34%)，令人毛骨悚然的(28%)
→来自古法语danse Macabre,即dance of Death,词源不详。可能来自对拉丁语Chorea Machabaeorum的意译，即Maccabees Chorea.其中Maccabees为犹太教世袭祭司家庭，在公元前2世纪至1世纪时为抵抗希腊和叙利亚联军的入侵，家庭成员大量战死。后世根据这一历史改编成戏剧展现了这段悲惨的故事。引申词义可怕的，恐怖的。参照百度百科马加比家族。
【记】来自法语，原指“死神之舞”ma妈妈，cab出租车，re热：妈妈在出租车里面很热，因为开不开车门，联想好莱坞的大片，司机杀乘客的情景。
adjective
■describes something that is very strange and unpleasant because it is connected with death or violence （与死亡或暴力有关而）恐怖的，可怕的，令人毛骨悚然的
• Even the police were horrified at the macabre nature of the killings. 连警方也为令人发指的杀戮行为所震惊。
• She has a rather macabre sense of humour. 她有一种颇让人害怕的幽默感。
adj. 可怕的；以死亡为主题的；令人毛骨悚然的（等于macaber）
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: managua

Word: malignant
Front: malignant
[məˈlɪgnənt] (研托雅宝 12287/10474 -1)
Vocabulary: malignant
(once / 988 pages)
adj
For something that's very harmful, especially a tumor that's cancerous, use the term malignant.
Malignant and its opposite benign are medical terms used to describe a tumor or growth as either cancerous or not respectively. The gn part of both words comes from the Latin word for born, differing in the prefix mal "evil" and bene "kind." A malignant tumor grows uncontrollably and spreads to other parts of the body. Though less common, malignant can also be used to mean "evil, malicious" like when someone has a malignant imagination.
WORD FAMILY
malignant: malignance, malignancy, malignantly+/malignancy: malignancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the cartels are not the only malignant forces involved in the bloodletting.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Days later, a pathology report confirmed that the tumor was malignant.
Reuters(Dec 10, 2016)
Tumors, malignant and benign, typically involve soft tissue, and rarely fossilize.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶性的，致命的; 恶意的，恶毒的
n. 怀有恶意的人; <英史>保王党员
分布：恶性的(58%)，有害的(28%)，有恶意的(14%)
→来自malign,恶性的，恶意的，-ant,形容词后缀。特别用于指恶性肿瘤。
a.恶性的,致命的;恶意的,恶毒的The malignant tongues of gossipers are more fatal than a viper's venom.搬弄是非者的毒舌比响尾蛇的毒液还要致命.
adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■describes a disease or a growth that is likely to get uncontrollably worse and lead to death （疾病或肿块）恶性的，致命的
• The process by which malignant cancer cells multiply isn't fully understood. 人们尚未完全了解恶性癌细胞的繁殖过程。
• Is the tumour malignant or benign? 肿瘤是恶性的还是良性的？
Compare benign
[mə'lɪg.nənt] adjective
EVIL 邪恶的 formal
■evil: having a strong wish to do harm 恶意的；邪恶的
• He developed a malignant hatred for the land of his birth. 他对自己的故土产生了强烈的怨恨。
adj. [医] 恶性的；有害的；有恶意的
 - harmful, evil

Word: misconceive
Front: misconceive
[ˌmɪskənˈsi:v] (雅 36300/23279)
Back: vi. 对…有错误看法，误解
时态：misconceived, misconceiving, misconceives
分布：误解(100%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，conceive,计划。
vt. 误解
 - mistake, misunderstand

Word: motorcade
Front: motorcade
[ˈməʊtəkeɪd] (16609/35681)
Vocabulary: motorcade
(once / 12508 pages)
n
A motorcade is a line of cars traveling together, usually slowly and ceremonially. If the President comes to town, you are bound to see a motorcade.
When the President travels to give a speech, part of the trip usually occurs in a motorcade. In the case of a powerful person like a world leader, a motorcade is mainly made up of Secret Service agents providing security. A funeral motorcade is comprised of the cars of mourners, and sometimes a hearse carrying the deceased person's body. Motorcade borrowed -cade from cavalcade, a procession on horseback, turning it into a suffix in the early 1900s.
WORD FAMILY
motorcade: motorcades
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president’s motorcade left the first family’s vacation rental home in Kailua amidst scattered rain showers.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A gentle breeze rustled palm trees Wednesday as the president’s motorcade traveled from his Kailua vacation home to a nearby Marine Corps base gym.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The president’s motorcade departed his family’s Kailua beachfront rental home at 9:40 a.m. and arrived at the botanical garden at 10 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 一长列汽车，（汽）车队
分布：名词(100%)
→motor-,汽车，-cade,车队，缩写自cavalcade.用于指载有要人的车队。
US ['moʊ.tˌɚ-] noun countable (US also autocade)
■a series of cars and other motor vehicles which moves slowly along a road carrying someone important, especially during an official ceremony （尤指官方仪式上的）（汽）车队，汽车行列
n. 汽车行列，车队
 - roadtrain

Word: naturalisation

Word: peach
Front: peach
[pi:tʃ] (高研四六 5531/6592 -2)
Vocabulary: peach
(once / 689 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A peach is a very sweet, juicy fruit with an edible peel and a hard pit in the middle. Peaches vary in color from almost white to yellow and pinkish-red.
Peaches grow on trees in temperate climates — they need warm weather, but they also require a hard freeze in the winter to produce fruit. Before the fruit grows on the tree, it blooms in beautiful pink blossoms. Ripe peaches drip with sweetness. Informally, you can refer to something or someone this nice as a peach: "Thanks for driving me to school today! You're a peach!"
WORD FAMILY
peach: peach-colored, peached, peaches, peaching, peachy +/ peachy: peachier, peachiest, peachy-colored
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alabama’s 24-7 Peach Bowl victory against Washington, which kicked off around 3:15 p.m.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Despite his issues in the Peach Bowl, Browning became a star.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Alabama built its 24-7 Peach Bowl victory on linebacker Ryan Anderson’s interception return for a touchdown at the end of the first half.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 桃子; 桃红色; 极好的人（或物）
adj. 桃红色的; 粉红色的
时态：peached, peaching, peaches
分布：桃子(49%)，桃树(44%)，桃红色(7%)
→来自古法语pesche,来自拉丁语pessica,来自persica拼写变体，缩写自malum Persicum,翻译自希腊语Persikon malon,波斯苹果，词源同Persian.该水果原产于中国，约公元前300年从波斯进入希腊因而称为波斯苹果。
n.桃,桃树Each pea and peach on the beach can be reached by the peacock.海滩上的每一颗豌豆和桃子孔雀都能触及.
noun
FRUIT 水果
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a round fruit with sweet yellow flesh that has a lot of juice, a slightly furry red and yellow skin and a large seed in its centre 桃（子）
• Would you like peaches and cream for dessert? 你想来点蜜桃冰淇淋当甜点吗？
[pi:tʃ] noun
EXCELLENT 极好的
only singular informal
■someone or something which is excellent or very pleasing 杰出的人；极好的东西；特别讨人喜欢的人（或物）
[pi:tʃ] noun
COLOUR 颜色
uncountable
■a pale colour between pink and orange 桃红色
[pi:tʃ] adjective
■having a pale colour between pink and orange 桃红色的
n. 桃子； [园艺] 桃树；桃红色；受人喜欢的人（或物）
 - fushia, cherry red
vi. 告密
 - inform, rat
vt. 告发
 - tell on, blow the whistle

Word: palmyra

Word: navigator
Front: navigator
[ˈnævɪgeɪtə(r)] (16451/12669 -1)
Vocabulary: navigator
(once / 1491 pages)
n
A navigator is the person whose job it is to steer the ship. The navigator plans and charts the course and then points the boat in the right direction.
Use the noun navigator when you talk about someone who's in charge of planning a ship's route. Airplanes have navigators too, to direct the course they will take using maps and various instruments. A more old fashioned meaning of navigator is an ocean explorer. In fact, in Latin, navigator simply means "sailor," from navis, "ship," and agere, "drive."
WORD FAMILY
navigator: navigators+/ circumnavigate: circumnavigated, circumnavigates, circumnavigating, circumnavigation/circumnavigation: circumnavigations/ navigable: navigability, unnavigable/ navigate: circumnavigate, navigable, navigated, navigates, navigating, navigation, navigator / navigation: navigational, navigations/navigational: navigationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He and his brother didn’t pay much attention to the schedule their father kept as a B-52 navigator, but their mother did.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Mr Stain's crew includes a Dutchman, an Australian and a Welsh lobster fisherman, who is the navigator.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 航海家，航行者，航海者; 领航员; （船舶，飞机的）驾驶员; 一个浏览器的品牌
分布：航海家(48%)，领航员(42%)，导航仪(10%)
→来自navigate,导航。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person in a vehicle who decides on the direction in which the vehicle travels 导航员，领航员
n. 航海家； [航] [水运] 领航员；驾驶员
 - driver, pilot

Word: plonk
Front: plonk
[plɒŋk] (41482/20914)
Back: vt. <英，非正> 随意放下; 砰然扔下; 重重地坐下; 不经意地坐下
n. <非正，尤英> 廉价劣质酒; 便宜酒; （重物落下碰到物体表面发出的）嘭的声响; 扑通声
时态：plonked, plonking, plonks
分布：重击(100%)
→拟声词。
US [plɑ:ŋk] verb informal
PUT DOWN 放下
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (US usually plunk)
■to put something down heavily and without taking care （随意地）重重放下
• Just plonk the shopping (down) on the table, and come and have a cup of tea. 快把你买的东西放到桌上，过来喝杯茶。
• [R] Come in and plonk your selves (down) (= sit down) anywhere you like. 进来随便坐。
UK [plɒŋk] US [plɑ:ŋk] verb informal
SOUND 声音
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (US also plunk)
■to play a musical instrument, usually not very well but often loudly （大声但技艺不佳地）演奏乐器
• I really enjoy plonking away on the piano. 我很喜欢叮叮咚咚地弹钢琴玩。
UK [plɒŋk] US [plɑ:ŋk] noun uncountable
SOUND 声音 (US also plunk) informal
■a hollow sound like that made when an object is dropped heavily onto a surface （物体落地时的）扑通声
• the plonk of a tennis ball 网球落地时嘭的一声
UK [plɒŋk] US [plɑ:ŋk] noun uncountable
WINE 酒 mainly UK informal
■cheap wine, especially wine that is not of good quality 便宜酒；（尤指）廉价劣质酒
• We had pizza and a bottle of plonk. 我们吃了比萨还喝了瓶便宜酒。
UK [plɒŋk] US [plɑ:ŋk] adverb (US also plunk) informal
■making a plonk sound 扑通一声地，嘭地
• I heard something go plonk. 我听到甚么东西嘭地响了一声。
• An apple landed plonk on the ground. 一只苹果嘭的一声掉在了地上。
vi. 发出如拨琴弦的音响；沉重地坠落
 - plunk
adv. 恰好，正是
 - exactly, just, spot

Word: posterity
Front: posterity
[pɒˈsterəti] (托雅 16501/14065 -1)
Vocabulary: posterity
(once / 691 pages)
n
Posterity is a noun meaning "future generations." These people of the future could be your children and great-great grandchildren, or any people who are born after you.
If you save something "for posterity," you're hoping that years later people will appreciate it, like a time capsule you bury in the yard. The word comes from the Latin word for "post, after." It's also related to the word posterior, which means "behind, to come after in time." In legal terms, posterity refers to the offspring of a person and it often has to do with inheriting property and who is entitled to do so.
WORD FAMILY
posterity: posterities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But let’s try to remember some of those firsts, for posterity.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Gordon Campbell The reburial of Richard III in 2015 provoked strong views about how he should be judged by posterity.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
“And this scan, unlike some, will actually be worth keeping for posterity.”
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 后代，后世; 子孙; 后裔; 儿孙
分布：后代(100%)
→来自拉丁语posterus,在后的，后面的，来自post,在后，-ity,名词后缀。
后代,子孙(poster+ity→后面的人→后代)[post,poster=behind,表示"后面"]
US [pɑ:'ster.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the people who will exist in the future 后裔，子孙，后代
• Every attempt is being made to ensure that these works of art are preserved for posterity. 当局正在采取一切措施以确保这些艺术品能流传后世。
n. 子孙，后裔；后代
 - child, seed, progeny

Word: programmable
Front: programmable
[ˈprəʊgræməbl] (19647/25452)
Back: adj. 可设计的，可编程的; 可编程序
分布：可编程的(100%)
→来自program,程序，计划。
UK ['prəʊ.græm-] US ['proʊ.græm.ə-] adjective
■able to be programmed 可程式设计的，程式控制的
adj. [计] 可编程的；可设计的
 - contrivable, devisable

Word: proficiency
Front: proficiency
[prə'fɪʃnsɪ] (研六托雅 10195/15072)
Vocabulary: proficiency
(once / 3108 pages)
n
If you have proficiency with something, you are pretty good at it. If you have proficiency with Spanish, you can understand and communicate well in that language.
Proficiency, pronounced "pro-FISH-en-cee," comes from the Latin word proficere, meaning "accomplish, make progress, be useful." If you have achieved proficiency is something, you have done well at gaining a skill. However, having proficiency doesn't make you an expert. Still, proficiency is something to be proud of — it means you have worked hard, and if you keep going, you probably will become an expert.
WORD FAMILY
proficiency: proficiencies+/ proficient: proficiency, proficiently
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project also seeks to correlate those outcomes with 123 social and economic factors such as government spending, proficiency in reading and rates of incarceration.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
California began awarding high school graduates who demonstrate proficiency in another language the state seal in 2012.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rather than tell barefaced lies, Moscow should perhaps boast – and warn the world – of its new-found proficiency.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 熟练，精通，娴熟
分布：熟练(74%)，精通(26%)
精通,熟练(pro+fic+inecy)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
n.(in)熟练,精通He made little proficiency in literary accomplishments.他在文学方面成就不多.
N-UNCOUNT
熟练；精通
If you show proficiency in something, you show ability or skill at it.
例：Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirement.英语基本熟练是入学条件之一。
n. 精通，熟练
 - proficient in, conversancy

Word: scornful
Front: scornful
[ˈskɔ:nfl] (托 21498/19153 -1)
Vocabulary: scornful
(once / 619 pages)
adj
A scornful remark is full of contempt, disdain, or — as you might imagine — scorn. Your obsessively fashionable friends might be scornful of others who don't wear the latest styles.
First used in the late 14th century, the adjective scornful originates from the Old French word escarn, meaning "mockery," "derision," or "contempt." You may have witnessed a contestant in a beauty pageant give scornful looks to her leading competitors. A list of scornful reviews from film critics usually precedes a film or actor's nomination for a Razzie, an award that recognizes the best of the worst in film each year.
WORD FAMILY
scornful: scornfully +/ scorn: scorned, scorner, scornful, scorning, scorns/scorner: scorners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leigh, by contrast, was small, surly, scornful of the school and scorned by his classmates, except for Lenox.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
He is scornful of multinational compacts and regional alliances, preferring bilateral negotiations and one-on-one tests of strength and guile.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Her father, she tells us, is easy to write about; he was vivid, domineering, scornful, and babyishly quick to anger.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 鄙视的，轻蔑的; 傲慢的; 〈罕〉当做笑柄的
分布：轻蔑的(77%)，嘲笑的(23%)
→scorn,嘲笑，-ful,形容词后缀。
US ['skɔ:rn-] adjective
■showing or feeling scorn for someone or something 轻视，鄙视
• a scornful look/remark/laugh/tone 轻蔑的表情／话语／笑声／口吻
• They are openly scornful of the new plans. 他们对那些新计划公然嗤之以鼻。
adj. 轻蔑的
 - sniffish, contemptuous

Word: seaman
Front: seaman
[ˈsi:mən] (高四六 17406/7264 -1)
Back: n. 水手，海员; 水兵
分布：水手(53%)，海员(47%)
→sea,海，man,人。
noun countable
■a sailor, especially one who is not an officer 海员；水手；水兵
mariner, seaman, sailor
这组词都有“水手，船员”的意思，其区别是：
mariner: 多指直接从事航海和参与驾驶船只的水手。
seaman: 指商船船员或海军中的水兵，有时可与sailor换用。
sailor: 普通和词，指任何实际驾驶船只航海或在船上工作的人员。
n. 海员，水手；水兵
 - marine, sailor

Word: sexist
Front: sexist
[ˈseksɪst] (12103/10217 -1)
Vocabulary: sexist
(once / 20556 pages)
adjn
A sexist is someone who discriminates on the basis of gender. Sexist people and laws are unfair.
Like racist and homophobic, this word refers to a type of hatred or discrimination: in this case, on the basis of gender. Usually, sexist people and laws discriminate against women. Back when women couldn't vote, wear pants, or own property, you could say that the world was pretty sexist. Likewise, before all-women Vassar College began admitting men, it was accused of having sexist policies. Treating a man or woman differently just because they're male or female is sexist.
WORD FAMILY
sexist: sexists+/bisexual: bisexuality, bisexually, bisexuals/desexualize: desexualized/intersex: intersexes/nonsexual: nonsexually/ sex: intersex, oversexed, sexed, sexes, sexing, sexism, sexless, sexual, sexy, undersexed, unsex/ sexism: sexist /sexless: sexlessly, sexlessness/sexual: bisexual, intersexual, nonsexual, sexualise, sexuality, sexualize, sexually, transsexual/sexualise: desexualise/sexualize: desexualize, sexualized, sexualizes, sexualizing/ sexy: sexier, sexiest, sexily, sexiness, unsexy/transsexual: transsexualism, transsexuals/unsex: unsexed, unsexes, unsexing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The move is a victory for campaigners who demanded an end to what they saw as sexist pricing on the high street.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Appalled by sexist and demeaning banners displayed by Brass Monkey Hotel, Northbridge.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But Martin deleted his tweet soon after accusations that it was sexist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 男性至上主义者; 性别歧视者
分布：性别歧视的(79%)，性别歧视者(21%)
→来自 sexism,性别歧视，-ist,人。
['sek.sɪst] disapproving
adjective
■Sexist jokes or comments suggest that women are less able than men or refer to women's bodies, behaviour or feelings in a negative way 带有性别歧视的
• sexist comments/jokes 带有性别歧视的评论／玩笑

Word: seventy
Front: seventy
[ˈsevnti] (中高四六 7889/2261 -5)
Back: n. 七十; 从七十到七十九的数目、年数或温度
分布：七十(100%)
US [-tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL countable
■the number 70 （数位）70
• sixty, seventy, eighty 60， 70， 80
• This house was built seventy years ago. 这栋房子建于70年前。
• She's getting on for seventy. 她将近七十岁了。
UK ['sev.ən.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
seventies [plural]
■A person's seventies are the period in which they are aged between 70 and 79 七十多岁（指70到79岁的时期）
• He's very active considering he's in his seventies. 鉴于他都70多岁了，他已经算是非常有活力的了。
the seventies [plural]
■the range of temperature between 70° and 79° Fahrenheit 七十多度（指华氏70到79度之间）
• The temperature is expected to reach the seventies tomorrow. 明天的温度预计会达到华氏70多度。
■the period of years between 70 and 79 in any century 七十年代
• Flared trousers and platform shoes were fashionable in the seventies (= between 1970 and 1979). 喇叭裤和厚底鞋在20世纪70年代风行一时。
n. 七十；七十个；七十岁；七十年代
 - three score years and ten

Word: solidity
Front: solidity
[səˈlɪdəti] (19688/18513)
Back: n. 可靠性; 固性; 硬度; 固态
分布：坚固(39%)，稳健(25%)，固态(22%)，确实(14%)
→solid,整个的，固体的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable (also solidness)
FIRM 稳固的
■the quality of being hard or firm, not a liquid or gas 固态，坚固（较硬或结实的性质，不是液体或气体）
UK [sə'lɪd.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable (also solidness)
CERTAIN 确定的
■the quality of being certain or strong 坚牢，确实
• The agreement would give a new solidity to military cooperation between the two countries. 该协定将进一步巩固两国间的军事合作。
n. 坚硬，坚固；体积；固体性
 - bulk, hardness, steel, volume, stiffness

Word: snook
Front: snook
[snu:k] (-/41529)
Back: n. 锯盖鱼，拇指顶鼻尖（一种污辱性动作）
vi. <苏格兰>探听，窥视
分布：轻蔑的动作(50%)，锯盖鱼(50%)
US [snʊk] UK
■cock a snook at sb/sth
■ See at cock

Word: showman
Front: showman
[ˈʃəʊmən] (20928/20888)
Back: n. （戏剧、音乐、文娱表演等的）演出主持人; 娱乐经理人; 善于引起公众注意的人物; 爱出风头的人物
分布：玩杂耍的(60%)，戏剧制作人(40%)
US ['ʃoʊ-] mainly approving
noun countable
■someone who is very good at entertaining people 表演家
n. 玩杂耍的人；马戏团的老板；表演者
 - player, entertainer

Word: sledgehammer
Front: sledgehammer
[ˈsledʒhæmə(r)] (宝 19255/22246)
Back: n. 大锤; 杀鸡用牛刀，小题大做
时态：sledgehammered, sledgehammering, sledgehammers
分布：长柄大锤(43%)，无情的(25%)，重击的(16%)，用大锤敲打(16%)
→sledge,重锤，hammer,锤子。
【记】sledge（n 雪橇）＋hammer（n 锤）＝长柄大锤
【参】sledge（n 雪橇）；＝sleigh（n 雪撬）
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for breaking stones or other heavy material, or for hitting posts into the ground, etc. 大锤
■describes a way of behaving that is too forceful （行为）过于激烈
• They accused the Prime Minister of using sledgehammer tactics. 他们谴责首相大动干戈。
UK ['sledʒˌhæm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
a sledgehammer to crack a nut disapproving
■If you use a sledgehammer to crack a nut, you use much more force than is needed 杀鸡用牛刀；小题大做
• Fifty police officers to arrest two unarmed men is surely using a sledgehammer to crack a nut. 出动50名员警逮捕两个手无寸铁的人，这可真是小题大做。
adj. 手下不留情的；强力的
 - punchy
n. 大锤；猛烈的打击
 - smasher

Word: skier
Front: skier
[ˈski:ə(r)] (5791/13080)
Back: n. 滑雪的人
分布：滑雪者(100%)
→ski,滑雪，-er,人。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who skis 滑雪者

Word: steelworker
Front: steelworker
[ˈsti:lwɜ:kə(r)] (22310/36622)
Back: n. 钢铁工厂的工人
分布：钢铁工厂的工人(100%)
US [-ˌwɝ:.kɚ] noun countable
■a person who works in a factory making steel 炼钢工人

Word: tuscany
Front: tuscany
[ˈtʌskəni] (-/16271)
Back: 托斯卡纳区（意大利行政区名）
分布：=Toscana.(100%)

Word: tortilla
Front: tortilla
[tɔ:ˈti:ə] (8052/28878)
Back: n. 玉米粉圆饼
分布：名词(100%)
→来自墨西哥西班牙语 tortilla,小蛋糕，来自拉丁语 torta panis,圆面包，词源同 tart,torte.-illa,小 词后缀。后用于指墨西哥玉米馅饼。
扭弯的(tort扭曲+ile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
US [tɔ:r'ti:.jə] noun
countable
■a type of thin round Mexican bread made from maize flour 墨西哥玉米薄饼
countable or uncountable
■a thick Spanish omelette (= flat, round food made by frying eggs that have been mixed together) with potato and sometimes onion in it （有时加有洋葱的）西班牙土豆煎蛋饼

Word: superstitious
Front: superstitious
[ˌsu:pəˈstɪʃəs] (研 14286/14759 -1)
Vocabulary: superstitious
(once / 722 pages)
adj
Superstitious describes a belief in chance or magic. If you're superstitious, you may avoid walking under ladders, spilling salt, or passing black cats — all because you think they will bring you bad luck.
Plenty of people don't think of themselves as superstitious, yet they may do things like knock on wood or refuse to open an umbrella indoors. Or they believe their team will win if they wear their lucky socks. These actions are all superstitious, demonstrating a belief based on magic or luck rather than on reason. The Latin word that superstitious comes from is superstitionem, excessive fear of the gods.
WORD FAMILY
superstitious: superstitiously+/ superstition: superstitions, superstitious
USAGE EXAMPLES
When a reporter began asking Livingston about foul shots, the superstitious Paulsen interrupted.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
The casino management - who are always very superstitious - decided I was an "unlucky" Big Six spinner and put me on the blackjack tables.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
“A lot of people are superstitious about things like that. I’m really not,” he said.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 迷信的; 有迷信观念的
分布：迷信的(100%)
→superstition,迷信，-ous,形容词后缀。
迷信的[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
US [-pɚ-] adjective
■based on or believing in superstitions 基于迷信的；相信迷信的
• superstitious nonsense 迷信的谬论
• Some people are superstitious about spilling salt on the table. 有些人迷信地认为把盐撒在桌上不吉利。
adj. 迷信的；由迷信引起的
 - fetishistic

Word: unconcerned
Front: unconcerned
[ˌʌnkənˈsɜ:nd] (17100/14285 -1)
Vocabulary: unconcerned
(once / 2015 pages)
adj
If you're unconcerned, you don't care — you're just not that interested. It's not ideal for the principal of a high school to be unconcerned about bullying.
It can hurt your feelings when you sense that someone's unconcerned about your well being or happiness. A soccer coach might appear to be unconcerned about her players if she yells at them to get up and keep running whenever they fall and hurt themselves. The word can sometimes have a less callous meaning, when you're simply not worried about something: "I'm unconcerned about my SAT score — I'm sure I did fine."
WORD FAMILY
unconcerned: unconcernedly+/ concern: concerned, concerning, concerns, self-concern, unconcern/ concerned: concernedly, unconcerned /unconcern: unconcerns
USAGE EXAMPLES
We captured almost no salmon or trout, but the team seemed unconcerned.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
He won by branding his opponent a big-spending liberal, unconcerned about fiscal prudence.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The unconventional vetting procedures are in keeping with Trump’s presidential style thus far, unconcerned with tradition or business as usual.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不感兴趣的; 不相干的; 无关的
adv. 漠不关心地，无忧无虑地，不感兴趣地
n. 漠不关心，无忧无虑，不感兴趣
分布：不关心的(78%)，不忧虑的(22%)
US [-'sɝ:nd] adjective
■not worried or not interested, especially when you should be worried or interested （尤指应当担心或感兴趣时）不担心的，漠不关心的，无兴趣的
• The baby seemed quite unconcerned by the noise. 婴儿似乎一点儿也没受噪音影响。
• Are you as unconcerned about the situation as you appear? 你对局势真的像你表现出来的那样漠不关心吗？
adj. 不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的
 - incurious, unrelated

Word: uptake
Front: uptake
[ˈʌpteɪk] (17953/10707)
Back: n. <口>举起; <非正>（尤指对新事物的）理解力; <术>摄入; <矿>上风井
分布：摄取(91%)，领会(8%)，上风井(1%)
→比喻用法。
noun [S or U] specialized
■the rate or act of taking something in 吸收（率），摄入（率）
• Plants in their growth stage generally exhibit an increased uptake of nutrients. 植物在其生长阶段通常会吸收更多的养分。
■UK
■the rate or act of accepting something 接受（率）
• There is a 90% uptake of vaccination in this country. 这个国家的疫苗接种率为90%。
• Uptake of places on the training course has been disappointing. 参加培训课程的人数令人失望。
['ʌp.teɪk] noun [S or U]
be quick/slow on the uptake informal
■If someone is quick/slow on the uptake they understand things easily/with difficulty 领悟得快／慢
• He's a bit slow on the uptake, so you may have to repeat the instructions a few times. 他领悟力比较差，因此你可能得重复指导他好几遍。
n. 摄取；领会；举起
 - up with, lift

Word: unmask
Front: unmask
[ˌʌnˈmɑ:sk] (18764/20090)
Back: vt. 除去（某人的）面具，使（某人或某事）露出真相，揭露
时态：unmasked, unmasking, unmasks
分布：揭露(91%)，除去面具(9%)
US [-'mæsk] verb transitive
■to show the bad, and previously hidden, truth about someone or something 使暴露；揭露
• The conspirators were unmasked and summarily shot. 那些阴谋分子被揭露出来，并被即刻枪决。
vt. 撕下……的假面具；揭露
 - reveal, disclose, expose

Word: youngish
Front: youngish
[ˈjʌŋɪʃ] (28846/23270)
Back: adj. 颇年轻的，还年轻的
分布：还年轻的(100%)

Word: whirlpool
Front: whirlpool
[ˈwɜ:lpu:l] (宝 16038/15638 -1)
Vocabulary: whirlpool
(once / 2402 pages)
nv
When two water currents meet, they sometimes form a swirling, circular whirlpool. There are some small but very strong whirlpools at the bottom of Niagara Falls.
The way water moves in a circle as it drains out of your bathtub is a smaller version of what a whirlpool looks like in a large body of water. Whirlpools can be dangerous for swimmers and small boats, although larger ships aren't at any real risk of being sucked into a whirlpool, even a particularly large and powerful one — which can also be called a maelstrom.
WORD FAMILY
whirlpool: whirlpooling, whirlpools
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there’s a beautiful jewel at the vortex of each whirlpool that draws me in.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This campaign - rather than a full recall - was agreed with the trading standards department in Peterborough, close to Whirlpool's headquarters.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“Where the Cannonball River joins the Missouri River … there used to be a whirlpool that created large, spherical sandstone formations,” Allard wrote in Yes!
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 漩涡，涡流; 混乱，纷乱
分布：漩涡(100%)
→比喻用法。
【记】whirl（v /n 旋转），pool（n 池塘）：漩涡
US ['wɝ:l-] noun countable
■a small area of the sea or other water in which there is a powerful, circular current of water which can pull objects down into its centre 漩涡
n. 漩涡，涡流；混乱，纷乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: admonish
Front: admonish
[ədˈmɒnɪʃ] (托宝 12419/18934)
Vocabulary: admonish
(once / 652 pages)
v
To admonish is to scold. If you want to show someone you're not happy with his behavior, admonish him. It sounds better than "scolding," and it's less painful than spanking.
Coming to English through Old French from the Latin admonere "to advise, remind," admonish is always used with an eye on improving someone's behavior. The exact meaning of this formal verb varies in intensity depending generally on who is being corrected. If a child or subordinate is being admonished, it means "scold" or "rebuke" whereas if someone admonishes a person with equal standing, warn or advise are closer synonyms.
WORD FAMILY
admonish: admonished, admonisher, admonishes, admonishing, admonishment, admonition, admonitory +/admonisher: admonishers/admonishing: admonishingly/admonishment: admonishments/ admonition: admonitions/ admonitory: admonitorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Christianity, however, divine speech continues through the Gospels—the apostle Paul converts after hearing Jesus admonish him.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The next day, the ministry admonished more than 20 firms for failing to comply with emergency rules aimed at cutting emissions.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
He stopped the first song midway through to warmly admonish those in the crowd who were filming him on their phones.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 劝告; 训诫; （温和地）责备; 轻责
时态：admonished, admonishing, admonishes
分布：告诫(36%)，警告(27%)，提醒(19%)，训诫(14%)，敦促(4%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根mon, 建议，警告，同monitor,班长。
告诫,警告(ad+mon警告+ish→一再警告)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
训诫,警告(ad加强+mon+ish→加强警告→训诫)[mon,monit=warn,表示"警告"]
告诫(ad+mon警告+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
【记】ad一再，mon警告－警告ad，moni＝monitor（n 班长；监听器；vt 监控），sh：负责警告学生
【参】admonitory（adj 劝告的）；admonishment＝admonition（n 警告）
US [-'mɑ:.nɪʃ] formal
verb
transitive
■to tell someone that they have done something wrong 告诫；警告；责备
• His mother admonished him for eating too quickly. 他妈妈告诫他不要吃得太快。
transitive + to infinitive
■to advise someone to do something 力劝，忠告
• Her teacher admonished her to work harder for her exams. 她的老师劝告她想通过考试就要更努力地学习。
warn, caution, advise, admonish, counsel
这组词都有“劝告、忠告、警告”的意思，其区别是：
warn: 含义与caution相同，但语气较重，尤指重后果。
caution: 主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意味。
advise: 普通用词，泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。
admonish: 一般指年长者或领导对已犯错误的或有过失的人提出的忠告或警告以避免类似错误。
counsel: 正式用词，语气比advise强一些，侧重指对重要问题提出的劝告、建议或咨询。
vt. 告诫；劝告
 - correct, recommend

Word: winnow
Front: winnow
[ˈwɪnəʊ] (宝 21960/37778)
Vocabulary: winnow
(once / 5744 pages)
nv
To winnow is to blow something away until you are left with what you want, like grain from chaff. If you only want your favorite people to attend your party, you will need to winnow down the guest list from 300 to 30.
To winnow is to use air to “separate the wheat from the chaff" — literally or figuratively. If a coach winnows down the top NBA draft picks to his number one choice, then he'll focus his negotiations on that player. Chances are, if you encounter the word winnow on a given day, it is probably not in the literal context of grain.
WORD FAMILY
winnow: winnowed, winnowing, winnows+/winnowing: winnowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The finalists were winnowed to 120, then 30.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Another panel of judges, whose identities will be announced on Jan. 9, will then winnow the short list contenders down to determine the winning videos.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
The production company received 200 writing samples, which it winnowed down to 20 potential candidates.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 扬; 辨别; 选择; 除去
时态：winnowed, winnowing, winnows
分布：精选(56%)，把挑出来(22%)，吹开糠皮(22%)
→词源同wind,风，风吹，引申词义风选，用风吹掉谷壳。
【记】win＝wind，now：需要风的是扬谷
【区】minnow（n 小鱼）
US [-oʊ] verb transitive
■to blow the chaff (= the outer coverings) from grain before it can be used as food 扬，簸（谷物）
■formal
■to reduce a large number of people or things to a much smaller number by judging their quality 筛选，挑选
• A list of 12 candidates has been winnowed down to a shortlist of three. 12名候选人已经筛选到只剩三人。
• a winnowing process 筛选过程
vt. 簸；把…挑出来；精选
 - pick, handpick

Word: anomalous
Front: anomalous
[əˈnɒmələs] (托宝 16778/12514)
Vocabulary: anomalous
(once / 3932 pages)
adj
Something that deviates from the norm is anomalous. Something anomalous can be good, such as an exciting new direction in music or art. But that anomalously low score on your math test? Not so good.
To find the origins of the word anomalous we can go back to the Greek anṓmalos, meaning "uneven or irregular." Something that is anomalous is not just different; it is also unexpected, and may even be completely inconsistent with the norm. For example, the recent discovery of ice, and therefore water, on the moon was anomalous to all previous ideas that the moon was lifeless. .
WORD FAMILY
anomalous: anomalously, anomalousness+/ anomaly: anomalies, anomalist, anomalous
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this temporally anomalous wasteland everything existential emerges through the physical: a bit of soccer, a lot of sex, still more violence.
The New Yorker(Nov 28, 2016)
“Research by the Government Accountability Institute shows that Secretary Clinton’s email record contains anomalous patterns in her email history,” the report says.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
“Today’s latest #Arctic mean temperature continues to move the wrong direction . . . up. Quite an anomalous spike!,”
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不规则的; 不协调的; 不恰当的; 破格的
分布：不规则的(62%)，反常的(38%)
【反】typical（adj 典型的）；normal（adj 正常的）
ADJ-GRADED
反常的；异常的；例外的
Something that is anomalous is different from what is usual or expected.
例：For years this anomalous behaviour has baffled scientists...几年来这种反常行为让科学家们很困惑。
例：His position here is anomalous.他在此的身份很不寻常。
adj. [生物] 异常的；不规则的；不恰当的
 - novel, abnormal, exceptional, exquisite

Word: aeon
Front: aeon
[ˈi:ən] (34938/22844)
Back: n. <正>极漫长的时期; 千万年; <地>极长时期; 十亿年期
分布：永世(64%)，极长的时期(18%)，=eon.(18%)
→来自词根aeon, 万古，来自PIE *aiw, 生命力。词源同age , 时代，词根ev，生命，见longevity,长寿。
【源】原指万古地质时期中最长的分段，包括两个或两个以上的代。
【记】a一个，e读：亿，on在…之上－在一亿年之上－永世
US [-ɑ:n] noun countable mainly UK for eon
n. 万古，永世
 - eternity, eon

Word: amortisation
Front: amortisation
[əmɔ:taɪ'zeɪʃən] None
Back: n. 分期偿还，摊还
分布：折旧(74%)，阻尼(熄灭(13%)，清偿)(13%)
n. 摊还；阻尼；分期偿还
 - damping, payment on account

Word: antagonistic
Front: antagonistic
[ænˌtægəˈnɪstɪk] (16230/15182)
Vocabulary: antagonistic
(once / 2756 pages)
adj
If you're antagonistic, you're hard to get along with. Harmony is not your friend — you prefer hostility and struggle.
If you're antagonistic to your little brother, you're always picking on him and giving him a hard time — causing him agony — a word that's buried in antagonistic. Even drugs or chemicals can be antagonistic: if you take a sleeping pill and then follow it with a few cups of espresso, the interaction is likely to be antagonistic. The sleeping pill and the caffeine struggle against each other and you're not likely to get much sleep.
WORD FAMILY
antagonistic: antagonistically+/antagonise: antagonised, antagonises, antagonising/ antagonism: antagonise, antagonisms, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize / antagonist: antagonists/ antagonize: antagonized, antagonizes, antagonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
News website comment sections host antagonistic conversations between contributors.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
TSA officials reportedly insisted on subjecting Mr. Reinhold to a secondary search when he began acting “antagonistic toward officers,” authorities told the newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
"Despite the West's antagonistic policy and the unavoidable reaction of Moscow, which limited these opportunities in the past few decades, the possibilities today are unique."
Reuters(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 敌对的，对抗性的
分布：敌对的(63%)，对抗性的(37%)
敌对的(ant反对+agon斗争+istic)[-istic表形容词,由-ist+ic构成,表示"…的"]
【记】ant蚂蚁，a，gon角＝蚂蚁长一个角－对抗性的；敌对的
【反】synergic（adj 合作的）
adjective
■actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or someone 对抗的，对立的；敌对的；敌意的
• He's extremely antagonistic towards all critics. 他对所有的评论家都极端敌视。
adj. 敌对的；对抗性的；反对的
 - adverse, anti, opposed

Word: approximation
Front: approximation
[əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃn] (13653/10242)
Vocabulary: approximation
(once / 3845 pages)
n
An approximation is a rough estimate or guess at something. When you write a budget for the month, you're making an approximation of how much you're going to spend. You can't be certain of the exact amount.
Like approximately or proximity, approximation comes from the Latin proximus which means "nearest." An approximation is the nearest estimate you can get without having the precise size or measure of something. It's a ballpark figure. When you set out for work in the morning, the amount of time you give yourself to get there is an approximation. Depending on traffic and weather, you can never know exactly how long the trip will take.
WORD FAMILY
approximation: approximations+/ approximate: approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximative/approximative: approximatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
I will say that some of the year’s most numbing hits were growers, especially those with island riddims or approximations thereof.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Children walk from class to class in neat rows, or a rough approximation of them.
New York Times(Jun 06, 2016)
There isn’t a question in any of the filming; Ade’s sense of representation is one of confident approximations.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 接近; <数>近似值; 近似额; 粗略估计
分布：近似(83%)，近似值(9%)，接近(8%)
大约,近似值[proxim=close,near,表示"接近,靠近"]
US [-ˌprɑ:k-] formal
noun countable
■a guess of a number that is not exact but that is close 粗略估计；近似值
• Could you give me a rough approximation of how many people will be coming? 你能告诉我要来的大概人数吗？
• What he said bore no approximation whatsoever to the truth (= was not at all like the truth). 他的说法跟实际情况风马牛不相及。
n. [数] 近似法；接近；近似值
 - neighborhood, proximity

Word: armistice
Front: armistice
[ˈɑ:mɪstɪs] (宝 21955/22461)
Vocabulary: armistice
(once / 1814 pages)
n
When two sides of a war need a break from killing each other, they agree to an armistice, a temporary battle timeout. An armistice isn’t permanent, but it’s usually a sign that both sides want to give peace a chance.
War is exhausting, and sometimes you need an armistice to catch your breath and figure out a more peaceful way to live. The word has two Greek roots: arma which means “weapons,” and stitium which means “stoppage.” When you’re ready to stop using your weapons, it’s time to propose an armistice. Although the word looks like a mouthful, it’s easy to pronounce if you remember that it’s an arm with two rhymes: ARM-iss-tiss.
WORD FAMILY
armistice: armistices
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resolution exhorts all countries to distinguish between the territories on either side of the 1949 armistice lines.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
A pre-match ceremony also commemorated British soldiers on the anniversary of the World War I armistice.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
If Armistice is the host with the coolest moves, Lawrence is the runner-up.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 停火; 停战; 休战协议; 停战协议
分布：休战(84%)，停战条约(10%)，休战书(6%)
→arm, 武装，战斗。词根st, 站立，停止。
休战;停战条约(armi+stice[=stand停止]→武器停止→休战)[arm=weapon,表示"武器"]
休战(arm武器+I+st停+ice)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【记】arm打仗，is是，tice读：替死。 打仗就是做替死鬼。譬如：本?拉登手下的圣战者。所以我们倡导任何人都不要再为战争而活，为战争而死。我们要求全球范围的休战、停战。Armist打仗的人，ice冰：士兵都变成冰棍了，只好停战了。Arm mistake：军队出错了－停战
US ['ɑ:r-] noun only singular
■an agreement between two countries or groups at war to stop fighting for a particular time, especially to talk about possible peace （尤指为进行和谈的）停火（协议），停战（协定）
• A two-week armistice has been declared between the rival factions. 敌对派别之间宣布停火两周。
n. [军] 停战，休战；休战协议
 - truce

Word: balmy
Front: balmy
[ˈbɑ:mi] (托宝 17136/20328)
Vocabulary: balmy
(once / 2220 pages)
1adj 2adj
Tourists who flock from Minnesota to Florida in the wintertime are hoping for balmy weather — that is, those frosty Midwesterners are trading mountains of snow and freezing winds for warm sun and gentle breezes.
ChapStick and nice weather might not seem to have much in common, but consider this: Both are soothing and restorative. The adjective balmy is, indeed, related to the noun balm (as in, "lip balm") and both share a wonderfully rich etymology: "Balm" made its way from Hebrew to English via Greek, Latin, and Old French. Just as the noun is used in the names of aromatic unguents and plants with healing properties, the adjective balmy is used to describe weather so pleasant that it's positively therapeutic.
WORD FAMILY
balmy: balmier, balmiest, balmily, balminess+/ balm: balms, balmy
USAGE EXAMPLES
On a balmy autumn day, I drove through Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley toward a front line with the Islamic State.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
It is a balmy afternoon in Pasadena, California, with winter sunshine flooding the hotel terrace.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
On a balmy afternoon, Patrick Emery was preparing to play a round of golf.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （指空气）暖和的; 温暖的; 芳香的; 能止痛的
级别：balmier, balmiest
分布：温和的(56%)，芳香的(32%)，古怪的(12%)
芬芳的;温和的(balm+y)[balm=balsam,表示"香油"]
【记】源于：balm
【反】inclement（adj 恶劣的）；piquant（adj 辛辣的）
adjective
■(of weather) pleasantly warm （气候）温和宜人的
• a balmy summer evening 宜人的夏夜
adj. 芳香的；温和的；止痛的
 - pacific, sweet, soft, moderate, gentle

Word: bedside
Front: bedside
[ˈbedsaɪd] (8910/8016 -1)
Back: n. 床边，床侧
adj. 床旁的; 关于病人的，临床的
分布：床边(85%)，床边的(14%)，病床边的(1%)
noun countable usually singular
■the area at the side of a bed 床边，床旁
• I like to have a telephone at my bedside. 我想在床边装部电话。

Word: cack
Front: cack
[kæk] None
Back: n. 小儿用平底靴
级别：cacker, cackest
分布：小儿用平底靴(100%)
→来自PIE *kakke, 排便。可能来自拟声词。

Word: bile
Front: bile
[baɪl] (宝 15883/5224 -1)
Vocabulary: bile
(once / 2135 pages)
n
In medicine, bile is a fluid secreted by the liver and used to help breakdown fats. Because it used to be associated with anger, feeling your bile rise is the same as feeling mounting anger.
How did bile get linked to anger? Pre-modern doctors believed there were four basic substances to the human body, called humours, one of which was yellow bile that controlled anger. It doesn't, but when you feel angry, you'll still hear that you have to swallow your bile.
WORD FAMILY
bile: biles, biliary, bilious +/ bilious: biliouser, biliously, biliousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pocket rocket Simone Biles flew into the hearts of Americans this year.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Simone Biles bewitched the world, won four golds and one solitary bronze after she slipped on the balance beam.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Olympic glory for Michael Phelps and Simone Biles; the deaths of Arnold Palmer and Muhammad Ali; a baseball prospect turned hit man.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 胆汁; 愤怒; 坏脾气
分布：胆汁(91%)，愤怒(5%)，坏脾气(4%)
→来自拉丁词bilis，同bladder, 胆囊。
【源】原指发怒液。在古代生理学中的人体黑色胆汁或黄色胆汁的任一种，据说能使人发怒。
【记】bi拼：毙，le拼：了。毙了－毙了他才能取他的胆汁，毙了他他就会发怒。Bi鼻，le乐：鼻子乐了，说明鼻孔变大了（发怒的基本特征）
noun uncountable
■a bitter yellow liquid produced by the liver which helps to digest fat 胆汁
• Meat-eaters must produce extensive bile acids in their intestines to properly digest the meat that they eat. 食肉者的肠道内必须分泌大量的胆汁酸，以彻底消化所吃的肉。
■when you feel or show bitter (= angry and upset) feelings 愤怒，怒气
• His article was full of loathing and bile. 他的文章充斥着憎恨和愤怒。
n. [生理] 胆汁；愤怒
 - anger, wrath, choler

Word: canned
Front: canned
[kænd] (7006/14807)
Vocabulary: canned
(once / 1934 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything canned is stored in a jar or can. It’s usually food, but prerecorded music is also canned. And, if you get fired from a job, you’ve been canned. Don’t cry, though, it’s better than being stuck in a jar.
When someone talks about "canned goods," they mean all the food you can buy that comes in a can, like canned green beans and canned pineapple. Home-preserved food is also canned, even if it's in a glass jar. This adjective takes on a derogatory slant when it describes music that's recorded rather than played live, or an answer that sounds prepared rather than real.
WORD FAMILY
can: canful, canned, cannery, canning, cannot, cans, could+/cannery: canneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bain says the library is sponsoring a canned food drive from Thursday through Dec. 14 to help cut fines on record.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Similarly, there was a frozen burrito for 14 cents, canned beef ravioli for 17 cents and hot dogs for 10 cents.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
There’s a heated debate over the safety of canned tuna, and not surprisning NFI aligns with those who say consumers have nothing to worry about.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 罐装的; 录音的; 一稿数用的; 喝醉了的
分布：罐装的(75%)，千篇一律的(17%)，预录的(8%)
adjective (UK also tinned)
■ preserved and sold in a metal container 罐装的；听装的
• canned fruit/tomatoes 罐装水果／番茄
adj. 罐装的；录音的
 - potted

Word: carelessly
Front: carelessly
['keələslɪ] (托 16467/15302 -K)
Back: adv. 无忧无虑地; 粗心大意地; 草率地; 淡漠地
分布：疏忽地(50%)，粗心大意地(50%)
ADV-GRADED
粗心地;不用心地
If someone does something carelessly, they do it without much thought or effort.
例：He carelessly left the garage door unlocked...他太粗心大意,竟然没锁车库的门。
例：'Oh,' he said carelessly. 'I'm in no hurry to get back.'“噢,”他漫不经心地说道,“我不急着回去。”
adv. 粗心地；不注意地；无忧无虑地
 - sloppily, inadvertently

Word: christen
Front: christen
[ˈkrɪsn] (17282/13804 -1)
Back: vt. 给…洗礼; 施洗礼时命名; 开始使用
时态：christened, christening, christens
分布：为 ... 施洗礼(50%)，为 ... 命名(50%)
→来自Christ, 使傅圣油，接受洗礼。
verb transitive
GIVE NAME 给…命名
■to give a baby a name at a Christian ceremony and make him or her a member of the Christian Church 为…施洗礼；（施洗礼时）给…命名
• She's being christened in June. 她将在六月受洗礼。
• [+ noun] She was christened Maria. 她受洗时取名为玛丽亚。
■to give a person a name based on a characteristic that they have 给…起绰号（或雅号）
• We christened him 'Slowcoach' because he took so long to do anything. 我们给他起了个绰号叫“慢车”，因为他做甚么都要花很长时间。
['krɪs.ən] verb transitive
USE FIRST 首次使用 informal
■to use something for the first time 首次使用；启用
• I'm going to christen my new walking boots on Saturday. 我打算星期六开始穿我那双新的轻便靴。
vt. 为…命名；为…施洗礼
 - denominate

Word: condor
Front: condor
[ˈkɒndɔ:(r)] (托宝 16894/27172 -1)
Back: n. 神鹰; 秃鹫，秃鹰; 秃鹰金币
分布：秃鹰金币(50%)，大兀鹰(50%)
→来自南美土著语。
【记】con共同，dor＝door门：秃鹫的双翅展开长约3米，所以他们的共同点是飞起来象一扇门。
US ['kɑ:n.dɔ:r] noun countable
■a type of vulture (= a large bird which feeds on dead animals) from South America （南美）神鹰，大秃鹰，秃鹫
n. 秃鹫，秃鹰
 - vulture

Word: cooperation
Front: cooperation
[kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn] (托雅 2668/5122)
Vocabulary: cooperation
(once / 731 pages)
n
Working together is cooperation. Thanks to the cooperation of the parents, teachers, and students, the end of year school dance rocked the house without rocking the boat.
If you break apart cooperation you see co which means together and operation which is a project or job. When you practice cooperation you are working together on a job or project. Cooperation can sometimes be hard to come by, which is why when someone does a lot of it, it's nice to say thank you.
WORD FAMILY
cooperation: cooperations+/ cooperate: cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperator/ cooperative: cooperatively, cooperativeness, cooperatives, uncooperative/cooperator: cooperators/uncooperative: uncooperatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Montana Gov. Steve Bullock is opening his second term with an appeal to Republican leaders for bipartisan cooperation in the state’s interests.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Whether they get the necessary cooperation from their federal partners is something that Congress needs to ensure by conducting its own oversight.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The tax overhaul and an infrastructure bill may be two opportunities for bipartisan cooperation — the Senate Finance Committee is already moving in that direction.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 合作; 协作; 协助; 配合
分布：合作(93%)，协作(5%)，协同作用(1%)，合作社(1%)
合作(co+operation操作→共同操作→合作)[co-表示"共同",通常放在元音词根前]
合作(cooperate+ion)[Oper=work,表示"工作"]
【记】co共同，operation（n 操作）
US [koʊˌɑ:.pə'reɪ-] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■when you work together with someone or do what they ask you 合作，协作；配合
• This documentary was made with the cooperation of British Rail. 该纪录片系与英国铁路局合作拍摄。
• There's very little cooperation between the two countries. 两国间少有合作。
• The company produces computers in cooperation with a German firm. 该公司与德国一家公司合作生产电脑。
n. [劳经] 合作， [经] 协作；协力
 - collaboration, synergism

Word: chomp
Front: chomp
[tʃɒmp] (18586/26250)
Vocabulary: chomp
(once / 26149 pages)
vn
To chomp is to bite something in a greedy, noisy way. If you've got five minutes to eat breakfast, you might quickly chomp your bagel as you walk to catch the bus.
People who chomp their food are either extremely hungry or somewhat ill-mannered: watching someone chomp a hamburger and fries can make you lose your appetite. You can also use chomp as a noun, to mean "a great big bite," as when your brother grabs your slice of pizza and takes a chomp. The word has been used in American English since the mid-1600s, from the earlier verb champ.
WORD FAMILY
chomp: chomped, chomping, chomps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s why you should chomp down on it.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Many meat-eating dinosaurs lost teeth as they chomped on prey.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
His rhetoric suggests he’s chomping at the bit for a trade war.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vi. 切齿，格格地咬牙，咬响牙齿
时态：chomped, chomping, chomps
分布：大声地咀嚼(50%)，有力的咀嚼(25%)，反复咀嚼(25%)
→来自champ拼写变体，拟声词。
US [tʃɑ:mp] (also champ) informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to chew food noisily 大声咀嚼
• He was chomping away on a bar of chocolate. 他嘎嘣嘎嘣地啃着一块巧克力。
• There she sat, happily chomping her breakfast. 她坐在那里，津津有味地吃着早餐。
vi. 格格地咬牙，咬响牙齿；切齿
 - gear cutting

Word: derry

Word: depredation
Front: depredation
[ˌdeprəˈdeɪʃn] (托宝 23993/21940)
Vocabulary: depredation
(once / 2415 pages)
n
The horrors of war include depredation — the plundering and ransacking of the defeated and their homes, the terrible, unrestrained preying on the conquered. The word depredation entails all of the pain humans inflict upon each other.
The Latin language makes the noun praeda "prey" into the verb praedārī, which then means "to plunder." As if that wasn't enough — they added the prefix de-, "thoroughly," to create a word that says it all. In 15th-century French, the word became depredation, but the meaning was far from refined, describing a wholesale pillaging of those who became the "prey" and continuing the history of man’s inhumanity to man.
WORD FAMILY
depredation: depredations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Next time a western politician complains about Robert Mugabe’s depredations in Zimbabwe, the ready reply will be: just look at Donald Trump.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The administration’s response to the neoconservative depredations of the past decade was to revert to old dogmas: the dogmas of “realism”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
It’s true that he often denounced the depredations of corporate America, lobbing populist salvos at free trade, outsourcing, and Wall Street for hurting working people.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 劫掠，毁坏
分布：掠夺(88%)，破坏、蹂躏(12%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-pred, 抓，拿，词源同apprehend, predate. 引申词义拿走，掠夺。
【记】pred＝plunder掠夺
【参】predator（n 掠夺者；食肉动物）
[ˌdep.rə'deɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable usually plural uncountable
■(an act causing) damage or destruction 损失；损害，破坏
• The entire area has suffered the depredations of war. 整个区域都遭到了战争破坏。
• Depredation of (= Damage done to) the environment is destroying hundreds of species each year. 对环境的破坏每年导致数百物种绝种。
n. 掠夺；破坏，破坏痕迹
 - destruction, breaking, blasting

Word: exhume
Front: exhume
[eksˈhju:m] (托宝 20069/33187)
Vocabulary: exhume
(once / 6277 pages)
v
When you see your mysterious neighbor digging around in his backyard, you may wonder if he’s trying to exhume something. Chances are he’s only digging up potatoes — when you exhume something, it means you’re digging up a corpse.
The word exhume traces back to the Latin word exhumare, a combination of ex-, meaning “out of,” and humus, or “ground.” That meaning holds true today: when you exhume something, you dig it up out of the ground. The word almost always applies to the removing of a previously buried corpse, such as law enforcement officials who exhume a body to perform an autopsy or collect evidence related to an investigation.
WORD FAMILY
exhume: exhumation, exhumed, exhumes, exhuming+/exhumation: exhumations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Investigators also exhumed Lawless’ body in October 2013 from a Benton cemetery, collecting DNA samples for possible future testing.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As if that weren’t enough, poor Beethoven was exhumed twice.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For example, in one of EMAF’s cases in another state, they eventually won the right to exhume a body to confirm a DNA identification.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 挖出，发掘出
时态：exhumed, exhuming, exhumes
分布：发掘(100%)
→ex-, 向外。-hum, 土，词源同human, humus.
掘出,挖出(ex+hume土→出土→挖出)[ex-①表示"出,出去"②表示"前面的,前任的"]
掘出(ex出+hume→出土→掘出)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
【记】ex出，hume地，土－从地下出－挖出human（n 人；人类）上帝造人用的就是泥土。
【参】humility（n 谦卑）；humus（腐殖土：由腐烂植物或动物体构成，可以为植物提供养分，提高土壤蓄水能力）
US [eg'zu:m] formal
verb transitive
■to remove a dead body from the ground after it has been buried （从坟墓中）掘出（尸体）
vt. 发掘；掘出
 - unearth, disentomb

Word: disorient
Front: disorient
[dɪs'ɔ:rɪent] (六 23395/46599 -1)
Back: vt. 使迷失方向; 使迷惑; 使不知所措
时态：disoriented, disorienting, disorients
分布：使 ... 失去方向感(50%)，使 ... 迷惑(50%)
使迷失方向(dis失去+orient东方→失去方向)[ori,orig=rise,begin,表示"升起,开始"]
vt. 使…迷惑；使…失去方向感
 - bemaze

Word: enmesh
Front: enmesh
[ɪnˈmeʃ] (宝 20263/19761)
Back: vt. 使陷入（网中）
时态：enmeshed, enmeshing, enmeshes
分布：使绊住(51%)，使陷入(33%)，=immesh.(16%)
→en-, 进入，使。mesh, 网。
【记】mesh（n 网眼；圈套；陷阱）读：卖身。没有人是自愿卖身的，一定是中了江湖中人的圈套，或是身不由己，自投罗网。
【反】extricate（vt 使解脱；救出；放出）
verb transitive
■to catch or involve someone in something unpleasant or dangerous from which it is difficult to escape 缠住；使陷入；使卷入
• The whales are caught by being enmeshed in nets. 这些鲸鱼因被渔网缠住而被捕获。
• She has become enmeshed in a tangle of drugs and petty crime. 她因涉嫌吸毒和一些轻罪而麻烦缠身。
vt. 使绊住；使陷入
 - emmesh, let sb in for

Word: eighty
Front: eighty
[ˈeɪti] (中高研四 7486/1944 -5)
Back: num. 八十
n. 八十; 八十年代; 八十岁
adj. 八十的; 八十个的; 八十岁的
分布：八十(100%)
num./a.八十pron.八十(个,只...)The apples cost eighty cents apiece.苹果每只八角钱.
US [-tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 80 （数字） 80
• seventy, eighty, ninety 70， 80， 90
• They've invited eighty (guests) to the wedding. 他们邀请了80个（客）人参加他们的婚礼。
n. 八十；八十岁；八十年代
 - fourscore
adj. 八十的，八十个的；八十岁的
 - fourscore

Word: digestive
Front: digestive
[daɪˈdʒestɪv] (托 11925/11655 -1)
Back: adj. 消化的; 助消化的
n. 消化剂
分布：消化的(51%)，助消化的(37%)，消化药(12%)
adjective
■relating to the digestion of food 消化的
• the digestive process 消化过程
[daɪ'dʒes.tɪv] noun countable (also digestive biscuit) UK
■a slightly sweet biscuit made from wholemeal flour （全麦）消化饼干
n. 助消化药
 - pepsine, bromo

Word: firmness
Front: firmness
[fɜ:mnəs] (六 19226/14463)
Back: n. 坚固; 坚实; 坚定; 坚决
分布：坚定(78%)，坚固(19%)，坚牢(3%)
US ['fɝ:m-] noun uncountable
HARDNESS 硬度
■the quality of not being soft, but not completely hard 硬度；结实度；坚实度
• The bed's firmness suited him. 床的硬度很适合他。
UK ['fɜ:m.nəs] US ['fɝ:m-] noun uncountable
STRENGTH/TIGHTNESS 强度／紧度
■the quality of being strong and tight 紧；有力
• The firmness of his handshake reassured me. 他紧紧地握了握我的手，使我打消了疑虑。
UK ['fɜ:m.nəs] US ['fɝ:m-] noun uncountable
FORCEFUL QUALITY 严格
■the quality of being forceful and making people do what you want 严格
• The new teacher has a reputation for firmness. 新老师以严格出名。
UK ['fɜ:m.nəs] US ['fɝ:m-] noun uncountable
CERTAINTY 确定
■when something is certain and not likely to change 确定；稳定
n. 坚定；坚固；坚度
 - stability, steel, durability

Word: foreman
Front: foreman
[ˈfɔ:mən] (10961/9815 -1)
Back: n. 工头，领班; 首席陪审员
分布：工头(64%)，领班(31%)，陪审团团长(5%)
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
PERSON AT WORK 在工作的人 specialized a skilled person with experience who is in charge of and watches over a group of workers 工头；领班
UK ['fɔ:.mən] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
IN A COURT OF LAW 在法庭中
■in a court of law, one member of the jury who is chosen to be in charge of their discussions and to speak officially for them 陪审团团长
n. [劳经] 领班；陪审团主席
 - gaffer, ganger

Word: extrapolation
Front: extrapolation
[ɪkˌstræpə'leɪʃn] (20706/21541)
Vocabulary: extrapolation
(once / 72512 pages)
n
An extrapolation is kind of like an educated guess or a hypothesis. When you make an extrapolation, you take facts and observations about a present or known situation and use them to make a prediction about what might eventually happen.
Extrapolation comes from the word extra, meaning “outside,” and a shortened form of the word interpolation. Interpolation might sound like a made-up word, but it’s not. An interpolation is an insertion between two points. So an extrapolation is an insertion outside any existing points. If you know something about Monday and Tuesday, you might be able to make an extrapolation about Wednesday.
WORD FAMILY
extrapolation: extrapolations+/ extrapolate: extrapolated, extrapolates, extrapolating, extrapolation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The effect size of the study written about was very small, and the overall interpreted findings are based on extrapolation and generalization.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The movie is of interest primarily as an experiment in extrapolation.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
We also compared our blackbody extrapolations against polynomial fits to the ultraviolet and near-infrared light curves, finding consistent results.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: n. 推断; <统>外推（法）
分布：外推法(75%)，推论(20%)，归纳(5%)
n. [数] 外推法；推断
 - inference, sequitur

Word: hath
Front: hath
[hæθ] (-/12155)
Back: <废>have的第三人称单数现在式
分布：=has(100%)
vt. 有（have的第三人称单数现在式）
 - has

Word: geriatric
Front: geriatric
[ˌdʒeriˈætrɪk] (16808/14911 -1)
Vocabulary: geriatric
(once / 20556 pages)
adj
Use the adjective geriatric to describe something that has to do with elderly people. The geriatric ward of a hospital is specifically designated for elderly patients. You can bet they have some pretty lively bingo nights there.
Geriatric often describes something related to the medical care of elderly people, like a geriatric hospital. When it’s used outside of a health care context, it takes on a sense of “feeble” or “decrepit.” It can be humorous if you use it about someone or something that's not actually old, like a group of middle-aged people calling their weekly cocktail gatherings the “geriatric club.” But if you call your grandparents’ golf buddies the “geriatric club,” they’d probably be offended.
WORD FAMILY
geriatric: geriatrician, geriatrics +/geriatrician: geriatricians
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They invest more in their remaining connections,” said Gary Kennedy, director of geriatric psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nearly one-third of people age 51 and older experience fatigue, according to a 2010 study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Older people are no more likely than younger ones to be depressed, says Robert Roca, chairman of the American Psychiatric Association’s Council on Geriatric Psychiatry.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 老年医学的，老年病学的; 老人的，老年的
n. 衰老老人，老年人; 老年病人
分布：老年医学的(47%)，衰老老人(30%)，老人的(23%)
→geri-, 老人，老年。-atric, 治疗，见psychiatric.
adjective
■for or relating to old people, especially those who are ill 老年人的，老年的；（尤指）老年病学的，老年医学的
• a geriatric hospital/ward/nurse 老年人医院／病房／护士
■informal disapproving
■old and weak 年老体弱的，老朽的
• Who's going to elect a geriatric President? 谁会选一个老朽当总统？
adj. 老人的；老年医学的
 - nostologic

Word: gulp
Front: gulp
[gʌlp] (托宝 11209/10772 -1)
Vocabulary: gulp
(once / 1382 pages)
vn
To gulp is to loudly and quickly swallow food, drink, or air. You might gulp nervously before you stand up to make a speech.
When you gulp down your breakfast so you can run and catch your bus, or gulp air upon rising to the surface of a swimming pool, you can say you take a gulp — or many gulps. The word dates from the 1300s, but its origin is somewhat uncertain. Most experts link it to the imitative Dutch gulpen, "to gush, guzzle, or swallow."
WORD FAMILY
gulp: gulped, gulper, gulping, gulps+/gulper: gulpers/gulping: gulpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Thursday, I ventured back to Alabama for the first time since we returned to California before my senior year – some, gulp, 42 years ago.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Redfish are fair to good at the mouths of drains on Gulps and shrimp.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I wince with every gulp and beg off after the sixth shot.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽; 大口地吸（气）
vi. 哽住
n. 吞咽; 一大口（尤指液体）
时态：gulped, gulping, gulps
分布：吞咽(60%)，吞食(15%)，抑制(15%)，喘气(10%)
→来自gwele, 吞食，拟声词，词源同glut, gluttony.
【记】象声词读：搞破－总是gulp容易把肚皮搞破。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to eat or drink food or liquid quickly by swallowing it in large amounts, or to make a swallowing movement because of fear, surprise or excitement 狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吃（或喝）；（因为害怕、吃惊、激动等）倒吸气，喘不过气来，哽住
• She gulped down her drink and made a hasty exit. 她大口喝下饮料后急匆匆地出去了。
• When it was his turn to dive, he gulped and stepped up onto the diving board. 轮到他跳水时，他深吸了一口气后走上跳板。
transitive
■to breathe in a large amount of air very quickly 大口大口地吸（气）
[gʌlp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] gulp sth back
■to try not to show that you are upset, usually by swallowing hard （通常透过用力做吞咽动作而）抑制，忍住
• She gulped back the tears. 她强忍住泪水。
[gʌlp] noun countable
■an act of gulping 吞，咽
• He swallowed his drink in one gulp. 他把杯中的酒一饮而尽。
• She rose to the surface of the water once every minute to get/take a gulp of air. 她每隔一分钟要把头探出水面吸一大口气。
vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃；大口地吸
 - wolf
vi. 哽住；喘不过气
 - lose one's breath
n. 一大口（尤指液体）；吞咽
 - deglutition, swallowing

Word: goldstone

Word: harbin
Front: harbin
[ˈhɑ:rbin] None
Back: 哈尔滨（黑龙江省）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: impairment
Front: impairment
[ɪmˈpeəmənt] (5768/9264)
Vocabulary: impairment
(once / 8801 pages)
n
An impairment prevents someone from doing something, like how blindness is an impairment to seeing. An impairment can also be any change for the worse.
People with impairments have trouble doing something. If you have a hearing impairment, you can’t hear very well. If you have a taste impairment, you can’t enjoy flavors. If you bump your head and can’t remember your name, you’re suffering a mental impairment. Some impairments are temporary. If you sprain your ankle, it will heal, but you'll have to live with the impairment for awhile. Losing your job is an impairment to your career and finances. Impairments make things more difficult.
WORD FAMILY
impairment: impairments+/ impair: impaired, impairer, impairing, impairment, impairs/ impaired: unimpaired/impairer: impairers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nevada law carries equal penalties for alcohol or drug impairment.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The two men resided in a ward at Sunrise of Alexandria for people with memory impairment or dementia.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
He pointed to a system tied more to economics than to physical impairments.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 损害，损伤
分布：损伤(100%)
→来自impair,损伤，伤害。
N-VAR
损害；损伤；障碍
If someone has an impairment, they have a condition which prevents their eyes, ears, or brain from working properly.
例：He has a visual impairment in the right eye.他右眼视力有损伤。
n. 损伤，损害
 - harm, damage, damnification

Word: innards
Front: innards
[ˈɪnədz] (19516/21896)
Vocabulary: innards
(once / 22010 pages)
n
Your innards are your stomach, intestines, and other abdominal organs. Catching a fish is fun, but gutting it, or removing its innards, is less fun.
The slang term innards is sometimes used to mean "the parts of the digestive system," and other times refers more generally to any of the inside parts or organs of a human or animal body. Innards was coined in the 1800s, originally spelled innerds, from a dialect form of inwards, and meaning "the bowels."
WORD FAMILY
innards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just rub them away with your fingers to reveal the shiny innards, a rather pleasant task.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
She spends her days scavenging through the junkfields and hunting among the innards of downed spaceships, including the remains of a crashed Imperial Destroyer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Isabel grabs a sea urchin, cracks it open, scoops out its soft orange innards and eats it with her fingers, seasoned with nothing but seawater.
Slate(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. <口>内脏
分布：内脏(100%)
→来自inwards方言，in-,在内，在里，-ward,朝向。俚语。
US [-ɚdz] informal
plural noun
■the inner organs of a person or animal, or the inside parts of a machine （人或动物的）内脏；（机器的）内部构造
n. 内脏；内部结构
 - inside, purtenance

Word: inexhaustible
Front: inexhaustible
[ˌɪnɪgˈzɔ:stəbl] (宝 20014/20140)
Vocabulary: inexhaustible
(once / 1448 pages)
adj
When something is inexhaustible, you'll never run out of it. If your grandfather appears to have an inexhaustible supply of nostalgic stories, it seems like he could tell them forever.
Unfortunately, if the kids you're babysitting have inexhaustible amounts of energy, they are never going to fall asleep. But if you've got an inexhaustible supply of Disney movies for them to watch, you'll be able to keep them distracted until their parents come home. This adjective combines the prefix in-, "opposite of," and exhaustible, from the Latin exhaurire, "take away, use up, or empty." So when something can't be used up, it's inexhaustible.
WORD FAMILY
inexhaustible: inexhaustibly+/exhaustible: inexhaustible
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he had God-like, inexhaustible compassion for his characters and with his rigorous artistry used it to elicit the same from his readers.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 24, 2016)
Most important, Chabon relates — with inexhaustible eloquence and an infectious sense of wonder — one hell of a good story.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
I vibrate with almost inexhaustible energy and life and vitality.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无穷无尽的，用不完的
分布：无穷的(44%)，用不完的(28%)，不知疲倦的(28%)
→in-,不，非，exhaustible,耗尽的。
【记】exhaust（vt 用尽；使精疲力尽）
US [-'zɑ:-] adjective
■existing in very great amounts that will never be finished 用不完的，无穷无尽的
• There seemed to be an inexhaustible supply of champagne at the wedding. 婚礼上似乎有喝不完的香槟。
adj. 用不完的；不知疲倦的
 - unexhaustible, exhaustless

Word: holistic
Front: holistic
[həʊˈlɪstɪk] (9808/12415 -1)
Vocabulary: holistic
(once / 28969 pages)
adj
Holistic means encompassing the whole of a thing, and not just the part. Holistic medicine looks at the whole person for answers, not just at physical symptoms.
You might have heard of holistic medicine, which tries to treat someone as mind and body, instead of treating only the part of the patient that is most sick. People often talk about holism in relation to healing, whether of bodies or other things. A holistic approach to solving a labor dispute would take into consideration the needs of both the workers and the factory owners.
WORD FAMILY
holistic: holistically+/ holism: holistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Solving the problem, theater leaders say, is holistic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She also said the state planned to expand this holistic view of student behavior on the measurement side as well.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 全盘的，整体的; 功能整体性的
分布：整体的(74%)，全盘的(26%)
US [hoʊl'ɪs-] adjective
■dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part 整体的，全面的
• My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease. 我的医生采用了一种全面性的治疗方法。
• Ecological problems usually require holistic solutions. 生态问题通常需要全面性的解决方法。
adj. [生物] 整体的；全盘的
 - integral, wholistic

Word: jasper
Front: jasper
['dʒæspə] (-/10837)
Back: n. 碧玉
分布：碧玉(88%)，绿色装饰用宝石(12%)
n. [宝] 碧玉；墨绿色
 - jade, deep green

Word: insinuate
Front: insinuate
[ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt] (托宝 15647/21220)
Vocabulary: insinuate
(once / 733 pages)
v
Insinuate means you imply or suggest something that may or may not be true. If you say things seemed to go wrong about the time your brother took over, you insinuate that he had something to do with the decline.
There's another way to insinuate. Suppose you're in line to get into a popular dance club when a celebrity appears, surrounded by a big entourage. If you strike up a conversation with one of the entourage, you may be able to insinuate that you're part of the group and go in with them. Don't feel bad — people have been doing it at least since the 1520s, when insinuate evolved from the Latin word insinuare, meaning "wind one's way into."
WORD FAMILY
insinuate: insinuated, insinuates, insinuating, insinuation +/insinuating: insinuatingly/ insinuation: insinuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russian state television insinuated that activists filming in Aleppo were not actually civilians.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Cheap materials called perovskites are insinuating themselves into silicon solar cells—a first step toward ultimately usurping the reigning cell material.
Science Magazine(Dec 07, 2016)
Whether loud and vulgar or insinuated and masked, racial bias in the state prison system is a fact of life.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: v. 暗示; 巧妙或迂回地潜入; （使）缓慢进入; 慢慢伸入
时态：insinuated, insinuating, insinuates
分布：暗示(63%)，迂回进入(19%)，含沙射影的说(9%)，迂回进行(9%)
→in-,进入，使，-sin,弯曲，词源同sine,sinuous.引申词义影射，旁敲侧击。
暗示;巧妙巴结(in进入+sinu+ate→进入弯曲→不直接表达→暗示)[Sinu=bend,表示"弯曲"]
【记】in进入，sinu弯曲，ate－绕弯说出来－含沙射影
【参】sinuous（adj 蜿蜒的；不老实的）
verb transitive
■to suggest, without being direct, that something unpleasant is true 含沙射影地说
• [+ (that)] Are you insinuating (that) I'm losing my nerve? 你是在暗示我胆怯了吗？
• What are you insinuating, Daniel? 丹尼尔，你究竟在影射甚么？
[ɪn'sɪn.ju.eɪt] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] insinuate yourself into sth formal disapproving
■to use clever, secret and often unpleasant methods to gradually become part of something 钻营，钻谋
• Over the years she insinuated herself into the great man's life. 这些年来她费尽心机一步步地走进了这位伟人的生活。
vt. 暗示；使逐渐而巧妙地取得；使迂回地潜入
 - imply, hint at
vi. 暗讽；说含沙射影的话
 - speak at

Word: intoxicate
Front: intoxicate
[ɪn'tɒksɪkeɪt] (托宝 16545/18916)
Vocabulary: intoxicate
(once / 530 pages)
v
Alcohol's effect on most people, especially when they drink too much of it, is to intoxicate them. If you're not used to drinking, a glass of Champagne may intoxicate you.
Beer, wine, and hard liquor can all intoxicate those who drink them. It's worth noting that in the fifteenth century, intoxicate meant "to poison." A less poisonous way to intoxicate is to "fill with delight or happiness." A gorgeous summer day might intoxicate you, or winning first prize in poetry contest.
WORD FAMILY
intoxicate: intoxicated, intoxicates, intoxicating, intoxication+/ intoxicated: unintoxicated/ intoxicating: intoxicatingly/intoxication: intoxications
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge ordered Hamell to pay $1,875 in fines plus an additional amount in surcharges for operating while intoxicated and carrying weapons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Recommendations include requiring bartenders and others who serve alcohol to be trained in identifying intoxicated customers.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Becky’s harshness toward herself is as faulty a self-perception as, say, a Dorothy Parker character intoxicated by her own beauty and refinement.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使喝醉; 使陶醉; 使激动不已; 使欣喜若狂
时态：intoxicated, intoxicating, intoxicates
分布：使 ... 陶醉(50%)，下毒(50%)
使陶醉;使中毒(in使+toxic+ate→使中毒,陶醉[酒精中毒])[tox=poison表示"毒"]
vt. 使陶醉；使喝醉；使中毒
 - charm, liquor

Word: kamikaze
Front: kamikaze
[ˌkæmɪˈkɑ:zi] (22665/33700)
Vocabulary: kamikaze
(once / 35177 pages)
n
A kamikaze is a word for either the pilot or the plane used in suicide missions by the Japanese in World War II.
Any job in combat is difficult and could result in death, but one duty is considerably riskier than others: being a kamikaze. These Japanese pilots engaged in suicide missions: their goal was not only to harm the enemy, but they sacrificed their lives while doing so, crashing their planes. A kamikaze could be the pilot or the plane, and you can also speak of kamikaze missions. Today, the word is sometimes used for any situation that seems suicidal or risky.
WORD FAMILY
kamikaze: kamikazes
USAGE EXAMPLES
That would at least make Mr Goldsmith’s protest rather effective, albeit in a kamikaze way.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
While death has always been a part of military life, “the Japanese kamikaze program was something different,” according to a 1971 U.S.
Time(Oct 18, 2016)
“It was near the end of the war, and Japan had unleashed their kamikaze attacks,” Steve Welch said.
Washington Times(Oct 09, 2016)
Back: n. <日>（第二次世界大战期间日本空军敢死队）神风对队员，此种战术的飞机或驾驶员
分布：名词(100%)
→来自日语，kami,神，可能来自日本化汉语神，kaze,风，可能来自日本化汉语风。公元1274年，蒙古忽古烈汗命令大军大举进攻日本，但是在海上遇到台风，几近全军覆没，日本人称之为神风。后在二战末期，日军败局已定，为挽回败局，日军组织了自杀式的袭击队伍，即神风敢死队，向美国发起了大规模自杀式攻击，因此引申词义自杀式的。见百度百科。
adjective
[before noun]
■describes a sudden violent attack on an enemy, especially one in which the person or people attacking know that they will be killed 自杀式攻击
• a kamikaze attack/mission 自杀式的袭击／使命
■being willing to take risks and not worrying about safety 自杀式的；莽撞而不顾一切的
• kamikaze taxi drivers 开车不要命的计程车司机
• a kamikaze attitude 豁出去的态度
adj. 自杀性的；神风特攻队的
 - suicidal

Word: lander
Front: lander
['lændə] (12827/25800)
Back: n. 登陆车，着陆者，住在陆地上的人; 司罐工; 罐托; 把钩工
分布：着陆器(75%)，出铁槽(11%)，斜槽(7%)，司罐工人(7%)

Word: karlsruhe

Word: kyushu

Word: lobo

Word: landline
Front: landline
[ˈlændlaɪn] (31192/-)
Back: n. 陆上运输; 陆空界线; 陆海界线
分布：地上通讯线(50%)，输送路线(50%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
■a cable (= set of wires) that carries telephone signals under the ground 地下通信电缆
■a telephone that is not a mobile phone 固定电话
n. 陆上运输；地上通讯线；输送路线
 - transportation by land

Word: maraud
Front: maraud
[mə'rɔ:d] (宝)
Vocabulary: maraud
(once / 1919 pages)
vn
As a verb maraud means to rove about the countryside looking for goods to steal and in general, to make mayhem and trouble. The Gilbert and Sullivan opera "The Pirates of Penzance" is about a band of marauding pirates, the daughters of Major-General Stanley, and a big misunderstanding.
The word maraud comes from the Middle French word meant "rascal or rogue." A marauder is someone who marauds and marauding describes people who raid and plunder. As a noun, a maraud is a quick, short foray. As a teenager, you may have participated in a midnight maraud to festoon your friend's house with toilet paper or capture the mascot of your rival sports team.
WORD FAMILY
maraud: marauded, marauder, marauding, marauds+/ marauder: marauders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Newly flush with fancy clothes, a group of workers evade marauding riot cops.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
The challenge is murderous, marauding immigrants; the solution is a wall.
Slate(Dec 04, 2016)
A marauding moth - the diamondback - arrived in the UK earlier than expected this year and in unprecedented numbers.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vi. 抢劫; 掠夺
时态：marauded, marauding, marauds
分布：掠夺(58%)，抢劫(42%)
vt. 掠夺；袭击
 - harry, hit
vi. 袭击
 - descend on, set at
n. 掠夺；袭击
 - rapine, plunderage

Word: molest
Front: molest
[məˈlest] (雅宝 9857/18826 -1)
Vocabulary: molest
(once / 757 pages)
v
To molest someone is to attack or abuse them. A rowdy group of protesters might be tempted to molest the police officers who are controlling the crowd by shouting angrily or throwing things at them.
While the verb molest can be used to talk about any kind of persistent harassment, it more commonly describes an unwanted or aggressive sexual attack. To molest someone in this in way is a very serious criminal assault. The word originally meant simply "to cause trouble or grief," and it comes from the Latin word molestare, "to disturb, trouble, or annoy." It wasn't used to mean "attack sexually" until about 1950.
WORD FAMILY
molest: molestation, molested, molester, molesting, molests+/molestation: molestations/molested: unmolested/molester: molesters/unmolested: unmolestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scandal emerged last month after at least six former professional players publicly said that they had been molested as boys in youth programs.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Sandusky, now 72, was convicted in 2012 of molesting 10 boys and sentenced to 30 to 60 years in prison.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
Lee testified that he was angry because he suspected Corwin had molested a family member.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 骚扰，干扰; 调戏，（对女性）动手动脚; 妨害
时态：molested, molesting, molests
分布：骚扰(45%)，干扰(29%)，调戏(26%)
→来自拉丁语molestus,麻烦的，难以控制的，来自moles,大块，词源同mole,demolish.引申词义麻烦，烦恼，苦恼，后特别用于指性骚扰。
【记】moll（磨），est－磨擦－骚扰
verb transitive
ATTACK SEXUALLY 性攻击
■to touch or attack someone in a sexual way against their wishes 调戏；猥亵；对…进行性骚扰
• The girl had been molested frequently by her stepfather from the age of eight. 从八岁起这个女孩就经常受到她继父的性骚扰。
• The man had previously been arrested several times for molesting young boys. 那名男子以前曾因猥亵男童多次被捕。
[mə'lest] verb transitive
ATTACK 攻击 formal
■to touch, push, etc. someone violently 粗暴对待；攻击
• United Nations premises were looted and personnel were molested by demonstrators. 联合国场地被示威者劫掠，工作人员遭到袭击。
vt. 骚扰；调戏；干扰
 - harry, ply with

Word: ness
Front: ness
[nes] (22109/16957)
Back: n. 海岬，海角
分布：海角(54%)，岬(46%)
n. 海角；突端
 - cape, foreland

Word: overkill
Front: overkill
[ˈəʊvəkɪl] (20246/22715)
Back: n. 过度的杀伤威力
vt. 过度地杀伤
分布：过度的杀伤威力(50%)，过分行为(25%)，超量杀伤(25%)
→over-,超过，过度，kill,杀，杀死。
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] disapproving
noun uncountable
■much more of something than is needed, resulting in less effectiveness 多此一举，适得其反
• Should I add an explanation, or would that be overkill? 我应该再解释一下吗，还是那样会画蛇添足？

Word: mysticism
Front: mysticism
[ˈmɪstɪsɪzəm] (16690/15694)
Vocabulary: mysticism
(once / 2216 pages)
1n 2n
Mysticism is a religion or religious belief based on union or communion with a deity, or divine being. Mysticism is what lets you transcend the physical to experience enlightenment — let's just say you'll recognize it when it happens.
Mystical, mysterious, and filled with wonder, mysticism is easily associated with crystals, New Age theories, or the occult (the supernatural). The truth is that many faiths, including Hinduism, Judaism, and Christianity, have their own forms of mysticism, placing an emphasis on spiritual connection and union, and the mysteries of religion over dogma or rigid rules. Outside of religion, mysticism is applied to cryptic, obscure, or irrational thought — leaning toward mystery and wonder, rather than logic.
WORD FAMILY
mysticism: mysticisms+/ mystic: mystical, mystics/ mystical: mystically, mysticism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mysticism and hexes and sorcerers are the stuff of daily life here.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Doctor Strange added mysticism and the occult to the storyline, further recharging the novelty of the series.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
For all of his mysticism, he writes at length — and with greatest passion — about the need for organization and discipline.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 神秘; 神秘主义; 玄想（的谬说）
分布：神秘(88%)，神秘论(10%)，神秘教(2%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-ism,主义，思想。
noun uncountable
■the belief that there is hidden meaning in life or that each human being can unite with God 神秘主义；通灵论
n. 神秘；神秘主义；谬论
 - mistery, idol

Word: ornate
Front: ornate
[ɔ:ˈneɪt] (宝 10610/11678 -1)
Vocabulary: ornate
(once / 3016 pages)
adj
If something is ornate — whether it's a ball gown, a set of dishes, or a poem — it seems to be covered in ornaments. It's lavish, flowery, or heavily adorned.
Look at the first four letters of ornate, and you'll spot the beginning of its close relative ornament. Ornate most often describes how something looks, but it doesn't have to be visual. The prose in Victorian love letters was more ornate than the email messages people send today. The ornate gilded mirrors and enormous chandeliers in the palace at Versailles were the height of fashion in Marie Antoinette's time, but home decor is simpler today. Now, it seems too ornate.
WORD FAMILY
ornate: ornately, ornateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Media trucks sat across the street, and motorists slowed to gawk at the building, whose ornate iron gates were draped with Christmas lights.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Other elements this wave brings: Chinoiserie, ornate historic motifs, florals, organic patterns and the handmade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 装饰华丽的; （文体）绚丽的; 矫揉造作的
分布：华丽的(85%)，装饰的(15%)
→来自拉丁语ornare,装饰，来自ordnare,安排，布置，词源同order,adorn.即装饰好的，引申词义装修豪华的，富丽的，堂皇的。
华丽的;装饰的(orn+ate)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
【记】orn装饰，ate一装饰过的一华美的
【参】suborn（v 贿赂）sub下面，orn装饰：从下面装饰你－贿赂
US [ɔ:r-] adjective
■having a lot of complicated decoration 装饰华丽的；装饰繁复的
• a room with an ornate ceiling and gold mirrors 有华丽天花板和金框镜子装饰的房间
■mainly disapproving
■Language which is ornate contains too many complicated words or phrases 语言华丽的（形容语言结构复杂，辞藻华丽）
• Some students are put off studying his work because of the ornate language of the poetry. 一些学生对学习他的作品没有多大兴趣，因为他的诗句结构复杂，辞藻华丽。
adj. 华丽的；装饰的；（文体）绚丽的
 - magnificent, brave, gorgeous, shining, superb

Word: patrimony
Front: patrimony
[ˈpætrɪməni] (宝 22150/26692)
Vocabulary: patrimony
(once / 3455 pages)
n
Something that's handed down from your father is an example of patrimony, like your name or your antique dining room table.
Use the noun patrimony to describe an inheritance, especially if it comes from your father's side of the family through many generations. If your great-great-grandfather built the house you live in, it is your patrimony. The Latin origin of the word patrimony is pater, or "father," plus mōnium, "state or condition."
WORD FAMILY
patrimony: patrimonial, patrimonies+/patrimonial: patrimonially
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Should we be concerned about the patrimony?” he asked.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Managing such an august patrimony is as daunting as it is exhilarating.
Washington Post(Oct 28, 2016)
But universities are squandering the cultural patrimony that conservatism exists to conserve.
Washington Post(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: n. 祖传的财物，<喻>继承物，遗产
分布：遗产(55%)，祖传的财物(24%)，继承物(16%)，教会财产(5%)
→patri-,父亲，-mony,名词后缀。引申词义父亲留下的财产，祖传遗产，文物。
家传,遗产(patri+mony状态或物质→父亲留下的物品→遗产)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
n. 遗产；祖传的财物；继承物（特征、性格等）；教会的财产
 - heritage, inheritance, legacy

Word: pike
Front: pike
[paɪk] (13094/9134 -1)
Back: n. 长矛; 梭鱼，狗鱼; 收费道路; [泳]虾式跳水
v. 用矛刺穿; <美俚>赶路，走; <美俚>（跟着大赌客）小心谨慎的赌小钱; 用长矛戳（伤，死）
分布：狗鱼(31%)，长矛(24%)，收费道路(18%)，屈体(15%)，快速离开(6%)，用长矛刺(6%)
→缩写自turnpike,来自turn,转，pike,长矛，杆，引申词义公路收费站的放行杆。pike 长矛，梭子鱼
noun countable
FISH 鱼 (plural pike)
■a large fish which lives in lakes and rivers and eats other fish 狗鱼
[paɪk] noun countable
ROAD 路 (plural pikes) US for turnpike
• the Leesburg Pike 李斯堡收费高速公路
[paɪk] noun countable
WEAPON 武器 (plural pikes)
■a long sharp stick used in the past as a weapon by soldiers on foot （旧时士兵使用的）长矛，长枪
• A soldier with a pike could bring down a charging horse. 手持长矛的士兵能刺倒一匹疾驰的马。
[paɪk] noun countable
HILL 小山 (plural pikes) Northern a hill in northern England with a pointed top 尖顶山
n. 通行费；矛； [鱼] 梭子鱼；尖头； [税收] 收费道路
 - sharp, toll

Word: polder

Word: rearm
Front: rearm
[riˈɑ:m] (29738/42127)
Back: vt. & vi. 再武装，改善（…的）装备
时态：rearmed, rearming, rearms
分布：重新武装(85%)，改善装置(15%)
US [-'ɑ:rm] verb intransitive or transitive
■to supply yourself or others with new weapons, especially in order to become a strong military power again （尤指为重新成为强大军事力量而）重新武装，重整军备

Word: rawalpindi

Word: refocus
Front: refocus
[ˌri:'fəʊkəs] (-/36406)
Vocabulary: refocus
(once / 18942 pages)
v
The verb refocus means to readjust an optical device. If you are looking at the planets with a telescope, you may have to refocus the telescope to make everything come in clearly.
The verb refocus can also mean to change priorities and concentrate on something different from before. When football season finally ends, maybe you will have the opportunity to refocus and concentrate on your studies. Refocus also means to focus anew. If your book club book is boring, you might have to refocus and give it another chance.
WORD FAMILY
refocus: refocused, refocuses, refocusing, refocussed+/ focus: foci, focused, focuses, focusing, focussing, refocus / focused: unfocused/focussing: focussings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, he refocused himself on improving the carrier, which was facing subscriber losses, a heavy debt load and eight years of annual losses.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Those few moments away help me refocus when I get back to the office.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The next Justice Department should review whether federal law-enforcement personnel in the most crime-plagued cities such as Chicago should refocus on fighting gun violence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: v. 重调焦距
分布：重调焦距(75%)，改变关注点(25%)
→re-,再，重新，focus,重心，聚集。

Word: recoverable
Front: recoverable
[rɪˈkʌvərəbl] (24375/13263)
Vocabulary: recoverable
(once / 7388 pages)
adj
If something is recoverable, you can get it back. If you drop your eyeglasses over the side of the boat, but the water is crystal clear and somebody is willing to dive for them, they may be recoverable.
Economists use the term “recoverable resources” to refer to oil, gas, and coal that can be extracted from the earth economically. If you've just insulated the walls of your house and replaced the old, drafty windows with new energy-efficient ones, some of your costs may be recoverable through savings on your heating bills and tax refunds for energy efficiency. If you delete something by mistake on your computer, you'll be very relieved if you find it's recoverable.
WORD FAMILY
recoverable: irrecoverable, recoverably, unrecoverable+/ cover: coverage, covered, covering, coverlet, covers, recover, uncover, undercover/ coverage: coverages/covering: coverings, uncovering/coverlet: coverlets/irrecoverable: irrecoverably/ recover: recoverable, recovered, recoverer, recovering, recovers, recovery /recoverer: recoverers/ recovery: recoveries/uncover: uncovered, uncovers/uncovering: uncoverings/unrecoverable: unrecoverably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 1998 report found the most likely scenario would be the discovery of 7.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil within the plain.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Geological Survey says it has discovered in West Texas one of the largest reserves of recoverable oil in the agency’s history.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Around 100 historic homes will be renovated, and blighted buildings that are not recoverable will be demolished.
The Guardian(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 可重获的
分布：可恢复的(69%)，可收回的(31%)
adj. 可收回的；可恢复的；可补偿的
 - retractible, reclaimable

Word: sixteen
Front: sixteen
[ˌsɪksˈti:n] (中高 5324/2889 -5)
Back: n. 十六，十六个; 十六岁; 十六点钟; 十六的记号
num. 十六; 第十六
adj. 十六的; 十六个的
分布：十六(100%)
→six,六，-teen,十。
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 16 数字16
• fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen 十四，十五，十六，十七
• We've got sixteen (people) coming for lunch. 我们有16个人来吃午饭。

Word: seaborne
Front: seaborne
[ˈsi:bɔ:n] (35035/35759)
Back: adj. 海上运输的，漂流的
分布：海上运输的(78%)，浮在海上的(22%)
US [-bɔ:rn] adjective
■carried in a ship 海运的；船运的，舰载的
• seaborne trade/goods 海运贸易／货物
• seaborne missiles/troops/reinforcements 舰载导弹／海运部队／海上增援
adj. 海上运输的；漂流的
 - oceangoing

Word: shriek
Front: shriek
[ʃri:k] (四六托宝 9309/10591 -1)
Vocabulary: shriek
(once / 276 pages)
nv
A high-pitched, piercing cry is a shriek. A common response to finding a snake curled in the silverware drawer would be to shriek.
You can shriek in fear, surprise, or even shriek with laughter. If the sound you make is high, sharp, and loud, it's a shriek. A teenager who sees her favorite movie star might shriek, "Look who it is!" And, little kids in an inflatable bouncy house will very likely shriek with delight. The word shriek sounds very much like what it means, and its Old Norse root skrækja, "to screech," may have originated for that very reason.
WORD FAMILY
shriek: shrieked, shrieking, shrieks+/shrieking: shriekings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I slide a trembling dollar into Luigi’s G-string and shriek, “Happy New Year.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
While reporters ambled inside the visitors’ locker room, suddenly shrieks and howls echoed from the shower stalls.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Workers in the field sometimes call it “peek and shriek.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 尖叫; 引人注意; 发出一种类似尖叫的声音
n. 尖叫声; 尖锐的声音：一种能使人联想起这种尖叫的声音
时态：shrieked, shrieking, shrieks
分布：尖叫(94%)，叫喊(6%)
【记】shriek和shrill（adj 尖声的），都是象声词
noun countable
■a short, loud, high cry, especially one produced suddenly as an expression of a powerful emotion 尖叫
• shrieks of delight 兴奋的尖叫
• He suddenly let out a piercing shriek. 他突然发出一声刺耳的尖叫。
[ʃri:k] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make such a cry 尖叫
• We shrieked with laughter when we realized how stupid we'd been. 意识到自己有多愚蠢时，我们大笑了起来。
• I tried to apologize, but he just shrieked abuse at me. 我想道歉，但他却对着我大声辱骂。
• [+ speech] "Don't you dare do that ever again!" she shrieked. “你以后再那样做试试看！”她尖声嚷道。
call, scream, yell, roar, shriek, exclaim, shout, cry
这组词都有“喊”的意思，其区别是：
call: 指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意。
scream: 指因恐具、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
shriek: 指因惊恐、痛苦等或其它感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。
exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
vi. 尖叫；促人注意
 - pipe, scream
n. 尖声；尖锐的响声
 - piping

Word: showpiece
Front: showpiece
[ˈʃəʊpi:s] (25728/19652 -1)
Back: n. 展品; 样品
分布：展览品(72%)，供展览的样品(28%)
【记】show展览，piece物品
【参】showy（adj 浮华的；过分艳丽的；炫耀的）
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
■an extremely good example of something, which deserves to be admired 榜样，范例
• The hospital will be the new showpiece of the health service when it opens next year. 明年开业后，这家医院将成为医疗保健机构的示范楷模。

Word: shaanxi

Word: squawk
Front: squawk
[skwɔ:k] (16283/20550)
Back: n. （尤指鸟受惊时）粗厉的叫声
vi. 发出粗厉的叫声，咯咯地叫
时态：squawked, squawking, squawks
分布：叫声(52%)，喋喋不休地发牢骚(16%)，嘈杂的抱怨(16%)，呱呱地叫鸣(16%)
US [skwɑ:k] verb intransitive
■to make an unpleasantly loud sharp cry 发出刺耳尖叫； 嘎嘎叫
• As the fox came into the yard, the chickens began squawking in alarm. 狐狸闯进院子时，鸡惊恐地开始咯咯大叫。
■informal disapproving
■to complain about something noisily 大声抱怨；高声诉苦
• Environmental groups have been squawking about the decision to build the motorway through a forest. 环保团体一直在大声疾呼，反对兴建穿越森林的高速公路这项决定。
vi. 抗议；发出响而粗的叫声；大声抱怨
 - protest against sth, exclaim at
n. 抗议；叫声；诉苦；故障
 - fault, trouble, cry, complaint

Word: softwood
Front: softwood
[ˈsɒftwʊd] (托 24319/26613)
Back: n. 软木材
分布：软木材(65%)，针叶树(25%)，软木材的(10%)
US ['sɑ:ft-] noun countable or uncountable
■wood from evergreen (= never losing their leaves) trees like pine which grow quickly, or a tree of this type （取材于松树等针叶树的）软木
• window frames made from softwood 软木制成的窗框
• A 200 000-acre forest site will be replanted with softwoods to supply the paper and pulp mill. 20万英亩的森林立地将重新种上针叶树，以便为造纸厂提供原料。
Compare hardwood

Word: spooky
Front: spooky
[ˈspu:ki] (13688/19681 -1)
Back: adj. 鬼似的，幽灵般的; 有点怪的，不可思议的; 令人毛骨悚然的; 稍微有些神经质的
级别：spookier, spookiest
分布：令人毛骨悚然的(60%)，幽灵一般的(29%)，有鬼一样的(11%)
→spook,鬼怪，-y,形容词后缀。
['spu:.ki] informal
adjective
■strange and frightening 怪异的；诡异的；阴森可怕的
• It was a spooky coincidence. 这个巧合很诡异。
adj. 幽灵般的；有鬼般的；令人毛骨悚然的
 - apparitional, creepy

Word: someday
Front: someday
['sʌmdeɪ] (4451/21398)
Back: adv. 将来有一天
分布：有朝一日(100%)
adverb
■at some time in the future which is not yet known or not stated （将来）有一天，有朝一日
• Maybe someday you'll both meet again. 也许有一天你们两个还会见面。
• Someday soon you're going to have to make a decision. 不久后的某一天，你就需要作出决定。

Word: sorghum
Front: sorghum
[ˈsɔ:gəm] (20567/37577)
Back: n. 高粱; 秫
分布：高粱(98%)，过甜的东西(1%)，高粱属植物(1%)
→来自现代拉丁语植物属性名 Sorghum,来自意大利语 sorgo,高粱，来自拉丁语 syricum,叙利亚， 西亚国名。可能因这种植物产于叙利亚而得名。
US ['sɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■a type of grain grown in hot countries 高粱
n. [作物] 高粱；蜀黍；甜得发腻的东西
 - durra, broomcorn

Word: toehold
Front: toehold
[ˈtəʊhəʊld] (26234/35900)
Back: n. 攀登悬崖时的小立足点，排除障碍的方法
分布：名词(100%)
US ['toʊ.hoʊld] noun countable
IN ROCK 岩石上
■a small hole or surface on a rock which is just big enough for a climber to put the end of his or her foot in or on （攀岩时仅可放下足尖的）小立足点，小支撑点
• I searched desperately for a toehold in the rock face. 我努力在岩石表面寻找立足点。
UK ['təʊ.həʊld] US ['toʊ.hoʊld] noun countable
STRONG FIRST POSITION 立足点
■a strong first position from which further progress can be made （进一步发展的）立足点
• Insurance is a very difficult market to get a toehold in. 在保险市场中立足很难。

Word: terse
Front: terse
[tɜ:s] (雅宝 17917/18591 -1)
Vocabulary: terse
(once / 2187 pages)
adj
Terse means brief, or using very few words. If your teacher tells you to make your writing in your essay style terse and to the point, he's saying use as few words as you can and be simple and clear.
A terse reply or command may seem rude or unfriendly––but the word terse itself doesn't mean unfriendly or rude. Synonyms are succinct or concise, though these words have a more positive tone. The adjective terse is from Latin tersus "clean, neat," from tergere "to rub off, wipe, polish." Polished language is neatly concise.
WORD FAMILY
terse: tersely, terseness, terser, tersest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The academy’s terse reply only stoked the flames.
New York Times(May 25, 2016)
There was no argument over the phone, no terse emails, no nothing.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
The terse title of their new paper in Science Advances nicely sums up the findings: “Monkey Vocal Tracts Are Speech-Ready.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. （说话、文笔等）精练的，简洁的; 扼要的
级别：terser, tersest
分布：简洁的(77%)，简明的(23%)
→来自拉丁语 tersus,干净的，整洁的，来自 tergere,刮，摩擦，擦拭，可能来自 ter,转，刮， 摩擦，词源同 turn,detergent.引申词义简要的，简短的。
【记】读：特死，就是特务死了的简便说法－简洁的
US [tɝ:s] adjective
■using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly 简短生硬的；简要的
• "Are you feeling any better?" "No," was the terse reply. “你觉得好点了吗？” “没有。”回答简短而生硬。
adj. 简洁的，精练的，扼要的
 - brief, summary, compact, concise

Word: torrential
Front: torrential
[təˈrenʃl] (托宝 21280/14709 -1)
Vocabulary: torrential
(once / 9555 pages)
adj
If it's raining extremely hard, then the rain is torrential — it's absolutely pouring.
Use torrential to describe something that's happening in torrents, or turbulent flowing streams. When there's a torrential storm, there's so much rain falling so fast that you'll be soaked in about three seconds. If a basketball team's offense just keeps coming and won't stop, you could call it a torrential attack. And if you take your sister's shoes without asking, she might shower you with a torrential tongue-lashing.
WORD FAMILY
torrential: torrentially+/ torrent: torrential, torrents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Louisiana will receive close to $1.2 billion after torrential downpours and historic flooding caused widespread damage in Baton Rouge and other areas.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Yet last week, on a miserable rainy day, militants unleashed a torrential barrage on the district.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Severe “snowmageddon” winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 似急流的，猛烈的，汹涌的
adv. 似急流地
分布：急流的(67%)，倾泻的(33%)
→来自 torrent,激流，-ial,形容词后缀。
【记】torrent（n 急流），ial：奔流的tor转，ren人，tial：奔流产生漩涡，能把人转起来。
【反】trickling（细细地流的）
US [tɔ:'rent.ʃəl] adjective
■used to refer to very heavy rain （雨）倾泻似的，如注的
• torrential rain 倾盆大雨
• a torrential downpour/storm 如注的大雨／暴风雨
adj. 猛烈的，汹涌的；奔流的
 - fierce, violent, hard

Word: trenchant
Front: trenchant
[ˈtrentʃənt] (宝 28099/23296)
Vocabulary: trenchant
(once / 5400 pages)
adj
If you're trenchant, it means you think or say smart, sharply worded things that cut right to the heart of the matter. A trenchant observation is one that makes people scratch their chins thoughtfully, or wince with embarrassment for whomever you're talking about, or both.
The word trenchant originates from tranchant, which in French means "sharp" or "cutting," and it's related to the word trench, which originally meant a line carved in wood and later came to mean a ditch carved into the earth. The word is often used to describe political commentary or cultural criticism. One person known for her trenchant wit was the author and critic Mary McCarthy, who once said of the writer Lillian Hellman, "Every word she writes is a lie, including the 'and' and the 'the'."
WORD FAMILY
trenchant: trenchancy, trenchantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the bleak situation, there is no trenchant wisdom to be unearthed here.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
He rarely gives interviews, or speaks publicly, but when he does defend himself or his company he can be trenchant.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
The resulting music, as effervescent as it was, raised potent issues about cultural appropriation that remain as trenchant today as they were then.
Washington Post(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 锐利的; 简明的; 有力的; 清晰的
分布：锐利的(50%)，尖刻的(25%)，清晰的(25%)
→来自古法语 trenchier,去砍，劈，刨，挖，词源同 trench.引申词义尖锐的，鲜明的。
一针见血的(trench+ant→象刀切进去一样)[trench=cut,表示"切,割"]
【记】trench（n 壕沟），ant－说话像挖沟－入木三分的
【参】entrenched（adj 确立的）
【反】vague（adj 含糊的）；dull（adj 感觉或理解迟钝的）
['tren.tʃənt] slightly formal
adjective
■severe, expressing strong criticism or forceful opinions （批评或意见）尖锐的，尖刻的，犀利的
• His most trenchant criticism is reserved for the party leader, whom he describes as 'the most incompetent and ineffectual the party has known'. 他对该党的领导人予以最为尖锐的批评，称他是“该党有史以来最平庸、最无能的人”。
• Dorothy Parker's writing is characterized by a trenchant wit and sophistication. 多萝西‧派克的作品的特点是睿智、老练。
adj. 尖刻的；锐利的；苛刻的；锋利的（名词trenchancy，副词trenchantly）
 - severe, pointed, sharp, cutting, bitter

Word: unashamed
Front: unashamed
[ˌʌnəˈʃeɪmd] (30979/21921 -1)
Back: adj. 不知羞耻的; 厚颜无耻的; 无愧的; 坦然的
分布：无愧的(40%)，不羞耻的(20%)，坦然的(20%)，厚脸无耻的(20%)
adjective
■not ashamed; without hiding behaviour or opinions that other people might consider unacceptable 不知羞耻的，不害臊的；无顾忌的
• Afterwards he spent five minutes with the President, of whom he is an unashamed admirer. 之后他与自己狂热崇拜的总统呆了五分钟。
• We then checked into the hotel for a weekend of unashamed luxury. 我们随后入住旅馆，无所顾忌地享受了一个奢侈周末。
adj. 无耻的；恬不知耻的；问心无愧的
 - shameless, cheeky

Word: tyne

Word: touchstone
Front: touchstone
[ˈtʌtʃstəʊn] (宝 17623/20944)
Vocabulary: touchstone
(once / 4696 pages)
n
Use the noun touchstone to describe a basis for comparison. For example, a filmmaker's touchstone might be her all-time favorite movie; she wants her movie to be that good or similar to it in some way.
Touchstone as it is defined today comes from an actual stone. In the late 15th century, gold and silver was rubbed, or touched against black quartz — the touchstone — to determine the purity of the metals. This was done by looking at the color of the streaks left on the stone. This is why a touchstone, in the figurative sense as it is used today, is a measuring tool.
WORD FAMILY
touchstone: touchstones
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bench will serve as an aspirational touchstone in Woodland Terrace, Nixon said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It was the kind of cultural touchstone that happens only once in a generation, if that.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Between “Formation” and “Insecure,” which are very different, you were involved with two of the year’s cultural touchstones.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 试金石， （检验）标准
分布：试金石(87%)，检验标准(13%)
→touch,触碰，触摸，引申词义检验，stone,石头。用于指试金石。
US [-stoʊn] noun countable
■an established standard or principle by which something is judged 检验标准，试金石
• Until relatively recently, the Japanese car industry was the touchstone of international success. 近几年来，日本的汽车工业一直都是衡量是否在国际上取得成功的业界标杆。
n. 试金石；（检验）标准
 - criterion, standard, norms, level, prototype

Word: wrecker
Front: wrecker
[ˈrekə(r)] (25370/34135)
Back: n. 使船失事的人，肇事者，失事现场清理人
分布：破坏者(56%)，打捞者(11%)，拆除业者(11%)，劫掠者(11%)，拖吊车(11%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable US for breakdown truck
n. 使船失事的人，肇事者；失事现场清理人； [船] [水运] 打捞船
 - peacebreaker

Word: yesteryear
Front: yesteryear
[ˈjestəjɪə(r)] (20095/21363)
Back: n. 去年; 不久以前
分布：去年(50%)，过去(42%)，过去不久的岁月(8%)
→yester-，昨日，以前，year,年。即往年，往昔。
US [-tɚ.jɪr] literary
noun uncountable
■a time in the past 过去；往昔，旧时
• the Hollywood stars of yesteryear 好莱坞昔日的明星们
n. 不久以前；去年
 - past year

Word: untimely
Front: untimely
[ʌnˈtaɪmli] (宝 18080/19432)
Vocabulary: untimely
(once / 2003 pages)
adjadv
Something untimely has occurred prematurely, and it's usually not good news. If you hear about someone's untimely death, it must mean it was an unexpected death.
When something is timely, it happens at the right time. When something is untimely, it means the opposite: it happened at an unfortunate or unexpected time. Usually, this means it happened much too early. The most common use of this term is probably in discussing someone’s untimely death, meaning they died young. Other disasters that happen to young people might be described as untimely as well.
WORD FAMILY
untimely: untimeliness+/mistime: mistimed, mistimes, mistiming/ overtime: overtimes/ time: mistime, overtime, timed, timeless, timely, timer, times, timing/timed: ill-timed, timedly/ timeless: timelessly, timelessness/ timely: timelier, timeliest, timelily, timeliness, untimely /timer: timers/times: timeses/timing: timings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the drive home, Bob was schooling me again in all things Kiwi: “Pop your clogs” means “to die an untimely death.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Slaveholders, who collected cash after a slave’s untimely death.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Researchers found that cancers were the top cause of untimely death among Americans, and the second largest overall killer.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不适时的，不合时宜的; 过早的
adv. 过早地，不合时宜地
分布：不合时宜的(57%)，过早地(22%)，不合时宜地(14%)，比正常情况早的(7%)
【记】un不，timely（adj 及时的；适时的）：不适时的
[ʌn'taɪm.li] formal
adjective
■describes something bad that happens unexpectedly early or at a time which is not suitable （坏事的发生）过早的；不合时宜的
• It was this passion for fast cars that led to his untimely death at the age of 43. 对飙车的狂热致使他43岁就英年早逝。
adj. 不合时宜的；过早的
 - previous, unseasonable
adv. 不合时宜地；过早地
 - prematurely, unseasonably

Word: varanasi

Word: anodyne
Front: anodyne
[ˈænədaɪn] (宝 34956/32712)
Vocabulary: anodyne
(once / 10535 pages)
adjn
When your back is killing you from helping your friend move furniture into his new apartment, you need to take an anodyne, a painkiller.
An anodyne doesn’t have to be actual medicine. If the pure joy of helping your friend is soothing enough to make you forget your aching back, that counts as an anodyne too (though perhaps an unlikely one). Anodyne can also be used as an adjective to describe something that relieves pain, or is at least inoffensive. When you’re stressed out or unhappy, try looking at anodyne pictures of kittens. Er, unless you had a bad experience with a cat once.
WORD FAMILY
anodyne: anodynes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even this anodyne call for unity sparked dissent.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
At each it was pleasant to murmur “How did he do that?” about something as anodyne as a spectacular levitation.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Contrast that with Obama’s anodyne response, which makes no mention of Castro’s totalitarian rule and begins as follows:
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 止痛的; 镇痛的; 不会冒犯任何人的; 四平八稳的
n. 止痛剂; 给人安慰的事物，缓和情绪之物
分布：止痛的(46%)，止痛药(36%)，减轻忧愁的(9%)，安慰物(9%)
→前缀an-，无，没有。词根od, 吃，咬，同eat.
止痛药(an没有+odyne痛)[odyn=pain(痛)]
【记】1）an非，不，odyne痛－使不痛－止痛药2）读：爱脑袋。要问止痛药最爱谁，脑袋和牙有一拚。不过统计结果显示，头痛患者人数和用药频率更胜一筹。所以，止痛药爱脑袋。
US [-oʊ-] formal mainly disapproving
adjective
■intended to avoid causing offence or disagreement, especially by not expressing strong feelings or opinions （尤指透过不表达强烈的感情或意见而）不得罪人的，一团和气的，温和的
• This is daytime television at its most anodyne. 这就是不痛不痒到了极点的日间电视节目。
• Somehow this avoids being just another silly pop song with anodyne lyrics about love and happiness. 这首歌总算没有沦为又一首愚蠢无聊的甚么爱啊、幸福啊之类的流行歌曲。
n. [药] 止痛剂；起安慰作用的事物
 - analgesic, paregoric
adj. [药] 止痛的；安慰人的；平淡无奇的
 - obvious, painkilling

Word: abhorrent
Front: abhorrent
[əbˈhɒrənt] (托宝 22815/20689)
Vocabulary: abhorrent
(once / 5270 pages)
adj
Many people find cruelty toward animals abhorrent, that is, they think it's detestable, obscene, repugnant, repulsive, and offensive to the mind. In other words, they really, really don't like it.
When you think of abhorrent, think of horror, as in something so vile and loathsome that you can only react to it in horror. In fact, the word abhorrent in Latin means “to recoil (back away) in horror.” Note that the ending is spelled -ent with an e, not an a. Maybe the a found abhorrent so abhorrent that it didn’t want to appear in it a second time.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
abhorrent / aberrant
Abhorrent describes something truly horrible like finding a dead rat in your soup, but something aberrant is just abnormal, like a cat in a pink fedora.
Abhorrent means disgusting or detestable. When you abhor something, you loathe it. Its Latin root means, "to shudder, recoil," which is what you do when faced with something abhorrent like a zombie, or or in these examples:
She said sanitary conditions in the emergency room were abhorrent. (Seattle Times)
If I thought monarchy abhorrent, for example, I would not seek British citizenship. (Washington Times)
Aberrant (no "h") means unusual, straying from a defined path. It's not necessarily nasty. It's from the Latin, aberrantem, "wandering away." It's related to err, a mistake, through Old French and Latin. If a behavior is aberrant, it's just not normal:
Weeks ago the nation witnessed the culmination of aberrant fan behavior when Bryan Stow was beaten in the Dodger Stadium parking lot. (Newsweek)
Upstairs the show gives way to delicious aberrant moments, like the gallery kitted out in beige walls and chunky red molding. (New York Times)
Illinois citizens will be subjected to another round of descriptions of aberrant behavior by a governor who freely dropped the f-bomb. (Quad-City Times)
If you can remember that the err in aberrant indicates an error and that you abhor something that is abhorrent, your word choice will be neither aberrant nor abhorrent. Wearing a feather boa to a funeral? Aberrant. Stealing the body? Abhorrent.
WORD FAMILY
abhorrent: abhorrently+/ abhor: abhorred, abhorrence, abhorrent, abhorrer, abhorring, abhors/ abhorrence: abhorrences/abhorrer: abhorrers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is an abhorrent quality for a public servant.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Or that people should put up with Facebook friends whose views are abhorrent.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
“This abhorrent act is not just an attack on the life of French citizens and the internal security of France,” she said at the time.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人厌恶的
adv. 令人厌恶地
分布：令人憎恶的(100%)
憎恶的(abhor[r]+ent)[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
US [æb'hɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■morally very bad 令人憎恶的；使人厌恶的；可恶的
• an abhorrent crime 惹人憎恶的罪行
• Racism of any kind is abhorrent to me. 我对任何形式的种族偏见都深恶痛绝。
adj. 可恶的；厌恶的；格格不入的
 - sick, hateworthy

Word: afterlife
Front: afterlife
[ˈɑ:ftəlaɪf] (14038/23753)
Vocabulary: afterlife
(once / 19126 pages)
n
Afterlife is a noun describing the state of being after one’s death. Many cultures and religions have a concept of an afterlife. Otherwise, much of humanity would be quite uneasy.
In Eastern religions, there is a notion of “karma” or even of “nirvana,” where, after a person dies, reincarnation takes the soul to a more elevated form of life. The Judeo-Christian tradition trusts in “heaven”; the ancient Egyptians buried precious belongings with their dead to accompany them to the afterlife. Regardless of origin, most religions want people to believe that life doesn't stop when your pulse does.
WORD FAMILY
afterlife
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alexandra told Nicholas that Rasputin continued to pray for him from the afterlife.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Both tunes are differing meditations on themes of reincarnation and the afterlife.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
The afterlife of George Michael’s destiny will remain with us.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>来世; 来生; 余生; 晚年
分布：来世(95%)，后来的岁月(5%)
US ['æf.tɚ-] noun only singular
■the life, for example in heaven, which some people believe begins after death 死后（灵魂）的生活
• They'll be reunited in the afterlife. 他们将在另一个世界重聚。
n. 来世；死后的生活
 - eternity, kingdom come

Word: barbarism
Front: barbarism
[ˈbɑ:bərɪzəm] (20542/20386)
Back: n. 野蛮状态或行为; 不规范的词或表达方式
分布：野蛮(89%)，暴行(11%)
野蛮状态(barbar原形容野人说话方式)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US ['bɑ:r.bɚ.ɪ-] noun uncountable
■extremely cruel and unpleasant behaviour 野蛮行径；暴虐行径；粗俗行为
• He witnessed some appalling acts of barbarism during the war. 他亲眼目睹了战争期间发生的一些骇人听闻的野蛮行为。
n. 野蛮；原始；未开化；暴虐
 - wildness, brutehood

Word: ballroom
Front: ballroom
[ˈbɔ:lru:m] (雅 9032/11761 -1)
Vocabulary: ballroom
(once / 2345 pages)
n
A ballroom is a room that has enough space for many people to dance. Traditionally, a ballroom has either a hardwood or marble floor.
Most private houses are built without ballrooms these days, but it was once common for a grand home or mansion to include a special room for throwing dance parties. These ballrooms were large, with high ceilings, and could accommodate a live band and many dancers. Ballroom dancing was originally a formal, social dance form that only happened in ballrooms. The word comes from ball, or party, with the Latin root ballare, "to dance."
WORD FAMILY
ballroom: ballrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A special thanks to the folks in the reservations department at the Trump International Hotel here who helped us rent this ballroom on last-minute notice.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Around us a ballroom of people were laughing and eating and dancing.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She’s also a ballroom dancer, and performed on “America’s Got Talent” with a 26-year-old partner.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 舞厅，跳舞场
分布：舞厅(100%)
舞厅(ball+room房间)[ball,bol=throw,dance,ball,表示"抛,舞,球"]
【记】舞厅上面有一个可以旋转，发出五颜六色的光的球－ballroom
US ['bɑ:l-] noun countable
■a large room that is used for dancing 舞厅
n. 舞厅；跳舞场
 - dancery, palais

Word: appallingly
Front: appallingly
[ə'pɔ:lɪŋlɪ] (28281/18888)
Back: adv. 令人毛骨悚然地
分布：毛骨悚然地(100%)
adv. 令人毛骨悚然地；骇人听闻地
 - creepily, horrendously

Word: canard
Front: canard
[kæˈnɑ:d] (宝 26702/36439)
Vocabulary: canard
(once / 19999 pages)
n
During a political campaign, you will often hear on TV commercials some canard about the opponent. This is a false, deluding statement designed to confuse the voters, as it presents the other candidate in a bad light by spreading an untruth.
The Old French word quanart, "duck," morphed into canard, as in "vendre un canard à moitié," which refers to "half-selling" a duck, or cheating someone, and the word came to mean something meant to fool someone deliberately. Poet James Whitcomb Riley said, "When I see a bird that walks like a duck and swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck." Not always the case with canard.
WORD FAMILY
canard: canards
USAGE EXAMPLES
French satirical and investigative weekly Le Canard Enchaine last week published excerpts of what it said was a letter by U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The only role left for him, Ferdinand fears, is as Christmas canard à l’orange.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
This is one of the many canards pushed by the “hoaxers,” as they call themselves.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 谣传，谎言
vi. 流传
分布：谣言(56%)，鸭式飞机(22%)，误传(22%)
→来自法语canard, 鸭子，骗子，模仿鸭子叫声。比较quack, 鸭叫，江湖郎中。
【源】原来是象声词，鸭子的叫声，后来指一种半价出售鸭子的方式，实际上是一种欺骗手段，最后演化成谣言的意思。
【记】读：加拿大。经常有关于加拿大留学，移民的谣传。
US [kə'nɑ:rd] literary
noun countable
■a false report or piece of information which is intended to deceive people 虚假新闻；谎报；假消息
n. 误传，谬传；谣言
 - misrepresentation, rumor

Word: chow
Front: chow
[tʃaʊ] (22831/28245)
Vocabulary: chow
(once / 26324 pages)
1n 2n
Chow is food. You might offer to make your little sister her favorite chow for her birthday: macaroni and cheese with chocolate cake for dessert.
The word chow is an informal way to say "food" or "meal." Someone happily gobbling tacos might say, "I just love Mexican chow," or your dad might open up a pizza delivery box and yell, "Time for chow, everybody!" Chow is an American English word that originated in California around 1856, from the Chinese pidgin English chow-chow, "food," which probably originated with the Chinese cha, "mixed."
WORD FAMILY
chow: chows
USAGE EXAMPLES
Oscar, the class’s guinea pig, munched contentedly on his guinea pig chow.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
You will find Peking duck carnitas, chow fun noodles with corn and shrimp, and lamb chops in a chocolate-habanero sauce.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
It is an Army tradition for the military officers and non-commissioned officers to take over the chow line and serve their soldiers on such holidays.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 原产地中国的狗（体壮，有褐或黑色厚毛，舌为深蓝色）
分布：食物(57%)，吃(33%)，中国黑鼻狗(10%)
→来自汉语炒。狮子狗义词源不详，一种说法是来自于中国人吃狗肉。比较frog, 法国佬，来自法国人吃青蛙肉。
old-fashioned slang
noun uncountable
■food; something to eat 食物；吃的东西
n. 食物；中国狗（体壮，有褐或黑色厚毛，舌为深蓝色）
 - food, diet, eating, nourishment
vi. 吃
 - graze on, muck in

Word: bogle

Word: coarse
Front: coarse
[kɔ:s] (研四六托雅宝 7903/7031 -2)
Vocabulary: coarse
(once / 255 pages)
adj
Coarse can mean rough to the touch or vulgar. It's good to have coarse sand paper, but not good to have coarse manners.
Do you lick your dinner plate, wipe your nose on your sleeve, and generally behave like an oaf? No, of course not. You're the kind of person who reads online dictionaries. But if you did do any of things, you'd be coarse — that is, unrefined, boorish, and downright vulgar. Coarse can apply to a wide variety of things other than behavior. If something is of poor quality, cheap and inferior, it's considered coarse.
WORD FAMILY
coarse: coarsely, coarsen, coarseness, coarser, coarsest+/coarsen: coarsened, coarsening, coarsens/ coarseness: coarsenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Contains coarse language, nudity, violence and crude humor.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Contains some mature thematic elements and brief coarse language.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The school was a laboratory of progressive educational ideas, with corporal punishment strictly prohibited — even though the students were unruly, noisy and coarse.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗鄙的; 粗糙的; 粗野的; 粗制滥造的
级别：coarser, coarsest
分布：粗糙的(78%)，粗俗的(20%)，非精制的(2%)
→来自course 的拼写变体。原指常规的，普通的，后来词义贬义化。
粗糙的(coarse=course跑过去→粗糙的)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
a.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.
【记】生理course是coarse的
【区】hoarse（adj 嘶哑的）＝horse马说话：嘶哑的
【反】fastidious（adj 过分讲究的）
US [kɔ:rs] adjective
ROUGH 粗糙的
■rough and not smooth or soft, or not in very small pieces 粗糙的；不光滑的；不柔软的；粗大的
• coarse sand/breadcrumbs 粗沙／面包屑
• Linen is a coarse -grained fabric. 亚麻布是一种质地粗糙的布料。
UK [kɔ:s] US [kɔ:rs] adjective
RUDE 粗鲁的
■rude and offensive 粗俗的；粗野的；无礼的
• a coarse joke 粗俗的笑话
• coarse language 粗话
gross, crude, coarse, vulgar
这组词都有“粗鲁的，粗俗的”的意思，其区别是：
gross: 语气强烈，指粗鲁、无礼貌，令人讨厌。
crude: 与vulgar同义，也指言谈举止粗俗，不文雅，缺乏教养。
coarse: 指缺乏教养，言谈粗俗，举止粗野，可与vulgar换用。
vulgar: 侧重指对听者的冒犯，往往强调粗野，言行、趣味不高，缺乏教养。
rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse
这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：
rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude: 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。
harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。
rough: 普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。
coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。
adj. 粗糙的；粗俗的；下等的
 - crude, rough, low, inferior, lower

Word: buoyancy
Front: buoyancy
['bɔɪənsɪ] (19259/15508)
Vocabulary: buoyancy
(once / 3753 pages)
1n 2n
Buoyancy is a quality that makes things float in water. It's also a type of happiness: if you're full of buoyancy, your mood is light and happy.
This is a word with two main meanings that fit together well: Both kinds of buoyancy have to do with floating and staying up. The physical kind refers to objects that float instead of sinking in water, like a life raft or a buoy. The other kind of buoyancy is a happy mood, a feeling that nothing can get you down. So whenever you run into the word buoyancy, just think "staying afloat."
WORD FAMILY
buoyancy: buoyancies+/ buoy: buoyant, buoyed, buoying, buoys/ buoyant: buoyancy, buoyantly, chirpily, non-buoyant
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others see first-time buyers as key to the buoyancy of the housing market.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But there is a new buoyancy about town.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But she also starred in the 1964 musical “The Unsinkable Molly Brown,” a title whose adjective best explains the full Debbie Reynolds experience: maximum buoyancy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 浮力; （物体在液体里的）浮性; （从失望、噩耗等中）恢复正常的能力; （价格、营业状况等的）维持力
分布：浮力(97%)，弹性(2%)，心情愉快(1%)
浮力(buoy浮标,浮起)[-ancy=ance,表示"性质,状况"]
n. 浮力；轻快；轻松的心情；（股票）保持高价或回升
 - buoyant force, floating power

Word: cheapen
Front: cheapen
[ˈtʃi:pən] (24988/33335)
Back: vt. 减价; 降低（自己[某事物]）的身价，贬低
时态：cheapened, cheapening, cheapens
分布：贬低(69%)，降低(31%)
verb transitive
COST LESS 贬值
■to reduce the price 使降价，使减价；使贬值
• This has had the effect of cheapening UK exports. 这使英国出口商品贬值。
['tʃi:.pən] verb transitive
RESPECT LESS 败坏 disapproving
■to make someone or something seem less valuable or important so that people respect them less 贬低；败坏；糟蹋
• She felt that the photos were exploitative and cheapened her. 她觉得这些照片被滥用，而且败坏了她的名誉。
vt. 减去…的价格；贬低
 - lower, bemean
vi. 减价；跌价
 - cut down the price, cut rate

Word: decoy
Front: decoy
[ˈdi:kɔɪ] (宝 10810/21721 -1)
Vocabulary: decoy
(once / 2553 pages)
nv
A decoy is a fake version of something used to play a trick or lead you into danger, like the cork duck decoys hunters put on the pond to make the real ducks think it's safe to stop by.
Decoy most often refers to bait used for trapping or killing an animal, but it can be any object or plan used to lead someone or something into trouble. Fisherman use worm decoys on their lures to catch fish, just like police use people as undercover decoys to catch criminals. While etymologists aren't positive, they suspect decoy comes from the Dutch kooi, which means “a cage.” So think of luring a mouse into a cage with a big slice of decoy cheese.
WORD FAMILY
decoy: decoyed, decoying, decoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Activists were left wondering whether the heartbeat bill wasn’t just a decoy deployed to allow easier passage of the 20-week ban.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
To avoid accusations of entrapment, the so-called decoy is careful what information "she" volunteers, and reveals, about her fictional self.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Despite his separated shoulder, Reed was far more than a decoy in the second half.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 诱饵，诱鸟; 圈套; 诱捕
vt. 诱捕
时态：decoyed, decoying, decoys
分布：诱饵(78%)，引诱(22%)
→来自荷兰语de kooi, the cage. 即笼子，陷阱，后用来指诱捕鸟兽的假兽，假鸟。
【源】原指：用一堆真假野鸭子引诱其他野鸭子从而捕获
【记】我decoy你，导致你decay；decoy别人的人不会coy（adj 故作腼腆的）de卑劣的行为，coy（adj 故作忸怩状）：诱骗
noun countable
■something or someone used to trick or confuse other people or animals into doing something, especially something dangerous 诱饵，圈套；用作诱饵的人
• They used a girl hitch-hiker as the decoy to get him to stop. 他们用一名搭便车的女孩子作诱饵拦住了他的车。
n. [动] [水产] 诱饵；诱骗
 - inveiglement, gudgeon
vt. 诱骗
 - inveigle

Word: constabulary
Front: constabulary
[kənˈstæbjələri] (31965/20202 -1)
Back: n. （某地区、国家的）警察部队（或警察机构）; 警区; （负责治安的）保安部队
adj. 警官的，警察的，治安管辖区的
分布：警察的(50%)，治安管辖区的(25%)，警区(25%)
→来自constable, 警察，警官。
US [-je.ler.i] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the British police force for a particular area （英国某一地区的）员警部队
n. 警察；警官队
 - police, pig, copper, bobby, finest
adj. 警官的，警察的
 - police

Word: connotation
Front: connotation
[ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃn] (研宝 11350/9831 -1)
Vocabulary: connotation
(once / 7949 pages)
n
When you're talking about the implied subtext of words rather than their literal meaning, reach for the noun connotation. A political boss might not want to be called "boss" because of the negative connotations.
From the Latin com- "with" + notare "to mark," this word is all about reading between the lines. The literal meaning (or denotation) of Wall Street, for instance, is "a street in lower Manhattan that's home to many financial institutions," but the same phrase's connotations may include "wealth," "power," or "greed," depending on your experiences and opinions. A closely related word is implication.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
connotation / denotation
A connotation is the feeling a word invokes. But take note! A denotation is what the word literally says. If these words were on a trip, connotation would be the baggage, and denotation would be the traveler.
A connotation is the baggage a word or idea drags around. The word "baggage" often has a negative connotation. If you say someone has baggage, unless they're at the airport, you mean the person is lugging around some drama. Some words, like "awesome birthday cake," have a positive connotation. Here are some other examples:
"Long before the Christian era, people celebrated the winter equinox. Let's remove religious connotations and call it the winter equinox break." (Washington Post)
"I kind of hate that word 'collector' because it has such a financial investment connotation." ( Los Angeles Times)
"Bryan has instead always opted for baseball caps, a fashion item that carries few connotations other than a sense of casualness and youth." (The Guardian)
Denotation is literally the word for a word! It's the literal meaning of a word, a gesture, or any mark, without emotion. No strings attached. The root of denotation means, "make a note of." Let's make a note of these examples:
"In fact, the 'Parks and Recreation' alum said he didn't know the word's medical denotation." (Los Angeles Times)
"Mr. McDougall gave a strange charge to a gesture that, in Baroque dance, probably has a simple denotation." ( New York Times)
People love to read between the lines, so connotation is more popular, but it's often held up against its more rigid friend denotation.
WORD FAMILY
connotation: connotational, connotations+/connotative: connotatively/ connote: connotation, connotative, connoted, connotes, connoting
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yet now the word’s connotations are exclusively negative.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Firing a manager carries inescapable connotations, none of which anyone involved would really wish to be levelled at Bradley.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
She said she received a message stating her request was ineligible as it “may carry connotations offensive to good taste and decency.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 内涵，含义; 言外之意; [逻辑学]内涵
分布：涵义(89%)，言外之意(11%)
【记】con共同，not＝note注意－大家注意的内容－含义
【参】annotation（注解）；denotation（n 表示；符号）connotative（adj 隐含的；有内涵的）
US [ˌkɑ:.nə-] noun countable
■a feeling or idea that is suggested by a particular word although it need not be a part of the word's meaning, or something suggested by an object or situation 内涵意义；隐含意义；联想意义
• The word 'lady' has connotations of refinement and excessive femininity that some women find offensive. lady 一词有优雅和过分娇柔的涵义，因此某些女性觉得该词具有冒犯意。
n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等）
 - implication, reminder

Word: discontinue
Front: discontinue
[ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju:] (11673/11703 -1)
Vocabulary: discontinue
(once / 1632 pages)
v
To discontinue something is to stop it. If you've grown bored with the magazine you get in the mail every month, you can discontinue your subscription.
You discontinue things that you want to quit doing or otherwise want to bring to an end. A company also might discontinue a product, or stop making it — you'll be sad if a candy maker discontinues your favorite jelly beans. The word discontinue combines dis-, or "not," with continue, which comes from the Latin continuare, "join together, connect, or make continuous."
WORD FAMILY
discontinue: discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinued, discontinues, discontinuing+/continuance: continuances/continuation: continuations/ continue: continuance, continuation, continued, continues, continuing, discontinue / continuing: continuingly/discontinuance: discontinuances/discontinuation: discontinuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government rejected that move, saying there was no need to discontinue the country’s 5,000-rupee note, worth about $48.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Shortly after the Supreme Court decision the IU board of trustees discontinued domestic partner benefits.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The treatment was discontinued in mid-December after it did not lead to any improvements in Luke’s condition.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）终止，中断，中止
时态：discontinued, discontinuing, discontinues
分布：停止(64%)，中断(25%)，中止(11%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。continue, 继续。
[ˌdɪs.kən'tɪn.ju:] formal
verb transitive
■to stop doing or providing something 停止，中止
• The bank is discontinuing its Saturday service. 这家银行将停止周六营业。
vt. 停止；使中止
 - cheese, quit
vi. 停止，中断
 - desist from, come to a stop

Word: evocation
Front: evocation
[ˌi:vəʊ'keɪʃn] (16844/20070)
Vocabulary: evocation
(once / 10864 pages)
n
Does the taste of a particular candy bar suddenly whisk you back to an earlier time in your life? That's an evocation, the summoning, usually unconscious, of a memory or emotional state caused by a particular stimulus.
The word invocation is often used interchangeably with evocation, though in fact they have quite different meanings. An invocation is a deliberate — as opposed to accidental or unconscious — summoning of a God or other form of supernatural power for aid. Very different, you'll agree. Unless of course you're trying to invoke the God of candy bars.
WORD FAMILY
evocation: evocations+/ evocative: evocatively/ evoke: evocation, evocative, evoked, evokes, evoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
A fittingly memorable evocation of a defining chapter in the island’s history.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The movie’s murder-mystery heart never truly gets pumping, though; the psychological games prove far less tantalizing than the filmmaker’s evocation of a wintry 1960 Northeast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Maybe there’s something a little dated in the mannerism that Mr. Redbone brings to his evocation of the Delta bluesman Robert Johnson.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 唤出，唤起，招魂
分布：唤起(51%)，招魂(31%)，引起(18%)
N-VAR
唤起;引起;再现
An evocation of something involves creating an image or impression of it.
例：...a perfect evocation of the period.极大地唤起了对那段时间的回忆

Word: elapse
Front: elapse
[ɪˈlæps] (研六托雅 16721/9627 -1)
Vocabulary: elapse
(once / 557 pages)
v
When time passes by, you say it elapses. Four years elapse while you are in high school. Nine months elapse while you are in the womb.
If two weeks have elapsed between your tennis lessons, there has been a two-week lapse between sessions. The word elapse comes from the Latin word elabi which means "to slip away." Time is one of those things that really does tend to slip away, unless you're sitting through a lecture on the nature of time. Then, it might feel like years elapse when really it is just a few minutes.
WORD FAMILY
elapse: elapsed, elapses, elapsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Girmay's case, a year elapsed between his first intake interview and a second, more probing one that decided the outcome of his asylum request.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
About five seconds elapse between the door knock and the shot fired.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
About four hours elapsed between the mass shooting and the deaths of Farook and Malik.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vi. 消逝; 时间过去
n. （时间的）消逝
时态：elapsed, elapsing, elapses
分布：逝去(62%)，过去(38%)
→e-, 向外。lapse, 滑落。
(时光)流逝(e出+lapse→滑出去→时光流出)[laps=slip,表示"滑,滑走"]
vi．(时间)溜走;(光阴)逝去With time elapsing, the flaps collapse up on his clapper's lap.随着时间流逝,袋盖在拍手者的膝上堆叠起来.
【记】e出，lapse（n 流逝）
【区】eclipse（n 日, 月蚀；名声衰落）
[ɪ'læps] formal
verb intransitive
■If time elapses, it goes past （时间）流逝，过去
• Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job. 他大学毕业都四年了，但还没有找到工作。
elapse, pass
这组词都有“过去，消逝”的意思，其区别是：
elapse: 书面用词，指时间等不知不觉地逝去，含义比pass窄，常常侧重从某一特定时间到另一特定时间的过去。
pass: 最普通常用词，指岁月的流逝，某些自然现象或事情的过去。侧重其结果。
vi. 消逝；时间过去
 - ebb away
n. 流逝；时间的过去
 - passing, effluxion

Word: fabian

Word: fanaticism
Front: fanaticism
[fəˈnætɪsɪzəm] (托 18972/20178)
Vocabulary: fanaticism
(once / 1848 pages)
n
Fanaticism occurs when someone is unwilling or unable to accept a differing point of view. You can use the word to describe the endless war between fans of the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees.
Fanaticism come from the Latin word fanaticus, a word with a meaning that includes the word mad — in both senses. If you're mad, you might be angry — or you might be insane. Fanaticism involves both kinds of madness. Anger at those who disagree with you, taken so far that there's a desire to stop or even harm the dissenters? That's madness — and also fanaticism.
WORD FAMILY
fanaticism: fanaticisms+/ fanatic: fanatical, fanatically, fanaticism, fanatics, fanatism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hamilton was no apologist for Jefferson, whose politics were “tinctured with fanaticism,” and who was “a contemptible hypocrite.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The militants’ fanaticism devastated one of the Middle East’s most important archaeological sites.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The militants’ fanaticism devastated one of the most important archaeological sites in the Middle East.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 狂热，盲信，着迷
分布：狂热(94%)，盲从(6%)
狂热盲信(fanatic狂热者)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
N-UNCOUNT
狂热;狂热的行为
Fanaticism is fanatical behaviour or the quality of being fanatical.
例：...a protest against intolerance and religious fanaticism.对不宽容政策和宗教狂热的抗议
n. 狂热，著迷；盲信
 - abandon, mania

Word: filth
Front: filth
[fɪlθ] (六雅宝 15292/11928 -1)
Vocabulary: filth
(once / 579 pages)
n
Filth is disgusting dirt, grime, or other unsavory material. Filth is dog poop all over the sidewalk, gunk under a movie seat, or even overly sexy stuff on TV.
You can use the noun filth when you're talking about some grimy substance, like the smelly filth on the bottom of your shoes after you've walked across a cow pasture. You can also call a general state of uncleanliness filth. You might say that the filth in your brother's room makes it impossible to open the door. The Old English root word is fylð, which means "rotting matter." Ew.
WORD FAMILY
filth: filths, filthy +/filthiness: filthinesses/ filthy: filthier, filthiest, filthily, filthiness, filthyly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grandpa didn’t like wearing shoes indoors because shoes dragged filth inside and evil spirits could hitchhike on shoes and clothing.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Hogansville Police say the animals were running around in their own filth with no power in the home.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
“Taxi Driver”: a Vietnam vet as a spiritual avenger, bent on cleansing the city of filth through violence.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 污物; 污秽; 猥亵; 淫猥
分布：污秽(95%)，淫秽图片、书刊等(5%)
→来自foul, 恶臭的，污秽的。
肮脏(fil=foul臭的)[-th表名词,通常指抽象名词]
【记】Filch（偷）的东西虽然不值钱，但也不至于去偷捡破烂的都不要的filthfill装满，th死（人或蟑螂）的麻袋－肮脏物；垃圾
【参】filthy（adj 不洁的；污秽丑恶的）
noun uncountable
DIRT 污物
■thick, unpleasant dirt 污物；污秽
• The floor was covered in filth. 地板上满是污渍。
[fɪlθ] noun uncountable
OFFENSIVE WORDS/PICTURES 冒犯性的文字／图片
■sexually offensive words or pictures 淫秽，猥亵
• People complain about the filth on TV and in the press. 人们抱怨电视上和报刊中充斥着肮脏淫秽的东西。
n. 污秽；肮脏；猥亵；不洁
 - griminess, squalidity

Word: geometric
Front: geometric
[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] (托 9848/8204 -1)
Back: adj. 几何学的; 成几何级数增减的; 几何装饰的
分布：几何学的(79%)，几何学图形的(21%)
[ˌdʒi:.ə'met.rɪk] (also geometrical)
adjective
■describes a pattern or arrangement that is made up of shapes such as squares, triangles or rectangles 几何图形的，几何的
• a geometric design of overlapping circles 重叠的圆形几何图案

Word: groundless
Front: groundless
[ˈgraʊndləs] (25353/20488)
Back: adj. 无理由的，无根据的; 平白无故; 飞; 莫须有
分布：无根据的(100%)
adjective
■without cause 无理由的；毫无根据的
• My fears turned out to be groundless. 结果证明我的担心毫无根据。
adj. 无理由的
 - gratuitous

Word: grainy
Front: grainy
[ˈgreɪni] (14010/23630)
Vocabulary: grainy
(once / 23592 pages)
adj
Something that's grainy feels rough to the touch, as though it's made of many tiny pieces. A piece of rough sandpaper feels grainy.
Cornmeal is grainy, and your floor will feel grainy under your bare feet after your family returns from the beach with sand on their shoes. Grainy things are gritty, textured with little bumps or grains. You'll be disappointed if your birthday cake has a grainy texture. The earliest, thirteenth-century meaning of grainy was "scarlet dye," a result of its Old French root, which had several meanings including "seed" and "berry." The Latin origin is granum, "seed, grain, or small kernel."
WORD FAMILY
grainy: grainier, graininess+/ grain: grained, graining, grains, grainy /graining: grainings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The footage, shot on a camcorder, was grainy and intercut with static.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Lodeiro’s first image of the United States was formed from American cinema, grainy VHS shots of the New York City skyline.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
He is seen on grainy film footage hesitating before jumping to his death.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 粒状的; 有颗粒的; 模糊不清的; 粗糙的
级别：grainier, grainiest
分布：粒状的(54%)，木纹状的(26%)，多粒的(20%)
adjective
■If photographs are grainy, they are not clear because the many black and white or coloured dots which make up the image can be seen. （照片）有颗粒的，粒状的
adj. 粒状的；木纹状的；多粒的；有纹理的
 - granular

Word: gunpowder
Front: gunpowder
[ˈgʌnpaʊdə(r)] (四六 16953/16323)
Back: n. 火药; 有烟火药，黑色火药; 中国珠茶
分布：火药(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
■an explosive mixture of substances in the form of a powder, used for making explosive devices and fireworks 火药
n. [军] 火药；有烟火药
 - powder

Word: gunboat
Front: gunboat
[ˈgʌnbəʊt] (25938/35937)
Back: n. 炮舰，炮艇
分布：炮舰(58%)，炮艇(42%)
US [-boʊt] noun countable
■a small military ship with large guns, used especially in areas near the coast （尤指沿海地带的）小炮舰

Word: heterogeneous
Front: heterogeneous
[ˌhetərəˈdʒi:niəs] (托宝 13235/12736)
Vocabulary: heterogeneous
(once / 2935 pages)
adj
Heterogeneous can be used to describe the diversity of nearly anything — populations, classrooms, collections. A heterogeneous array of immigrants passed through Ellis Island to help create the American "melting pot."
An easy way to remember the meaning of this word is that homo is the same and hetero is different. So, a homogeneous group of puppies might consist of apricot-colored poodles, while a heterogeneous group might consist of a hodgepodge of different pups ranging from dachshunds to dalmatians. Anytime you are confronted with a group whose members are not all similar to one another, you have an opportunity to trot out heterogeneous.
WORD FAMILY
heterogeneous: heterogeneity, heterogeneously, heterogeneousness+/ heterogeneity: heterogeneities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Latin America, in general, is looking much more politically heterogeneous: There are leftist, centrist, and rightist governments currently in power.
Slate(Dec 07, 2016)
In many ways, it’s a more accurate portrait of the fluid, heterogeneous United States than any novel, film or play could hope to be.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
That’s the period in which I have lived in Chinatown, and in which I started noticing the neighborhood’s unique and heterogeneous trash footprint.
The New Yorker(Sep 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 各种各样的; 成分混杂的
分布：异质的(54%)，异种的(36%)，由不同成份形成的(10%)
→hetero-,相异的，-gen,出生，产生，词源同generate.引申词义多种多样的。
异类的,不同的(hetero+gen产生＋eous→产生不同的)[hetero-表示"异类,异种"]
不同的(hetero异+gen+eous→产生不同的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
不同的(hetero异+gen产生+eous)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
US [ˌhetˌ.ə.roʊ-] adjective formal
■consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other 各种各样的；混杂的
• Switzerland is a heterogeneous confederation of 26 self-governing cantons. 瑞士是一个由26个不同的自治州组成的联邦。
Compare homogeneous
adj. 多相的； [生物] 异种的； [物] [化学] 不均匀的；由不同成分形成的
 - uneven, polyphase

Word: gust
Front: gust
[gʌst] (六托雅宝 10137/15153 -1)
Vocabulary: gust
(once / 829 pages)
n
A gust is a strong, short burst of air. If you're walking around on a brisk, cold day, hold on to your papers tightly — a gust of wind could sweep in and send your notes flying into the air.
You've probably seen the famous image of Marilyn Monroe standing on a sidewalk with her white dress blowing in the breeze from a subway grate — that might be the most famous gust of air in popular culture. Gust comes from the Old Norse word gustr, meaning "a cold blast of wind." Gust also can be used to describe other things that come on with a sudden burst, like a violent gust of rain or an unexpected gust of sadness.
WORD FAMILY
gust: gusts, gusty +/ gusty: gustier, gustiest, gustily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gust of 52 mph was reported at McComb, Mississippi, about 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The National Weather Service expects gusts of up to 45 mph.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Gusts up to 66 mph were recorded overnight in Redwood Falls in southwestern Minnesota, and 50 mph in Bloomington in the Twin Cities area.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 一阵狂风; 风味; 突发的一阵; （感情）迸发
vi. （风）猛刮
时态：gusted, gusting, gusts
分布：突然一阵(53%)，风味(28%)，猛吹(19%)
→来自gheu, 涌出，词源同foundry, geyser, gust. 用于指狂风。
【记】源于古希腊的食神加斯特Gust，他经常到人间品尝美味佳肴，所以gust原指美味和个人癖好两个意思，但是Gust脾气暴躁，如果尝不到美味佳肴就会勃然大怒兴风作浪，后引申为突然的强风。
noun countable
■a sudden strong wind 一阵狂风，一阵强风
• A sudden gust of wind blew his umbrella inside out. 一阵狂风把他的伞吹翻了。
• figurative She could hear gusts of laughter (= sudden, loud laughter) from within the room. 她可以听到屋内传出的阵阵大笑声。
[gʌst] verb intransitive
■to blow strongly 猛刮；劲吹
• Winds gusting to 50 mph brought down power cables. 时速达50英里的大风刮断了电缆。
n. 风味；一阵狂风；趣味
 - flavor, interest

Word: heather
Front: heather
[ˈheðə(r)] (-/7394 -1)
Back: n. [植]石南属植物
adj. 杂色的，似石南的
分布：石南属植物(100%)
→来自中古英语hathir,拼写受heath影响俗化。
US [-ɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a low spreading bush with small pink, purple or white flowers, which grows wild, especially on hills 石南属的植物
adj. 杂色的；似石南的
 - shot, varied
n. 石南属植物
 - rhodora

Word: homely
Front: homely
[ˈhəʊmli] (六宝 17381/11672 -1)
Vocabulary: homely
(once / 721 pages)
1adj 2adj
Homely describes someone who's plain or unattractive, like your homely Aunt Agnes or her squish-faced bulldog.
The adjective homely is a slightly more gentle word than ugly, with a meaning closer to "plain" than "hideous." It's almost always used to describe a less-than-attractive person, and occasionally an animal. If you were British, you'd use homely to mean "cozy and homelike," but in the United States you'd say "homey". Be careful not to confuse homey with homely, or you could accidentally hurt someone's feelings.
WORD FAMILY
homely: homelier, homeliest, homelily, homeliness+/homeliness: homelinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it was that homely bowl of cabbage, pretty much ignored the evening before, that became a source of awe.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Life is shown to be homely, cute, and disgusting.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
The tiny cramped chamber cycled to fill with air, and the inner door opened to reveal a surprisingly homely little room.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. <尤英>家常的; 平凡的; <美>（人）不好看的; 相貌平庸的
分布：平凡的(40%)，家常的(33%)，相貌平庸的(16%)，简单且好的(11%)
→home,家，-ly,形容词后缀。引申褒义词义家的，舒服的，贬义词义平凡的，相貌平庸的。
【记】home（n 家），ly－（形容词）家常的；朴素的家花不如野花香－不漂亮的
【反】pulchritude（n 美丽；标致）－homeliness
US ['hoʊm-] adjective
PLAIN 普通的 UK (US homey)
■plain or ordinary, but pleasant 普通的；朴实无华的
• The hotel was homely and comfortable. 这家饭店简洁朴素，令人感觉舒适惬意。
UK ['həʊm.li] US ['hoʊm-] adjective
UGLY 丑陋的 US disapproving
■describes a person who is ugly 长相难看的，丑陋的
adj. 家庭的；平凡的；不好看的
 - household, domestic, family, ordinary, stock

Word: incomprehension
Front: incomprehension
[ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn] (26223/20173)
Back: n. 不了解，不领悟; 不理解
分布：不理解(100%)
→in-,不，非，comprehension,理解。
US [ˌɪn.kɑ:m-] formal
noun uncountable
■a person's failure or inability to understand something 不理解，不懂
• She stared at him in total incomprehension. 她全然不解地看着他。
• a look of blank incomprehension 一副茫然不解的神情

Word: hospice
Front: hospice
[ˈhɒspɪs] (10316/10578 -1)
Vocabulary: hospice
(once / 7505 pages)
n
If someone has entered into a hospice, his health outlook is likely grim. Hospice care is a program designed to make the process of dying as comfortable as possible for patients and their families.
The word hospice comes from the Latin hospitum, meaning "guest house, hospitality." Hospice traditionally meant lodging for travelers, often run by a religious order like a church or monastery. While we most commonly see the word hospice used to describe the particular care provided to people who are dying, the term is not strictly limited to this. A hospice can also be a place that takes care of the sick, not necessarily only the terminally ill.
WORD FAMILY
hospice: hospices
USAGE EXAMPLES
“She was actually sent to hospice,” oncologist John Wrangle said.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Just recently, I got a call saying it’s time for hospice for your mom.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He died Friday evening in hospice care in his sleep, his son said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （宗教团体开办的）旅客招待所; （晚期病人的）安养院; 收容所，救济院
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语hospitium,旅店，客店，词源同hospital.后引申词义老人的临终安养院。
US ['hɑ:.spɪs] noun countable
■a hospital for people who are dying, especially from cancer （尤指癌症末期患者的）临终医院，善终医院，安养院
n. 收容所；旅客招待所；救济院
 - asylum, bedehouse

Word: hulk
Front: hulk
[hʌlk] (宝 19575/15605 -1)
Vocabulary: hulk
(once / 1855 pages)
1n 2nv
A hulk is just the shell of a ship — it can stay afloat on the water, but it's not capable of sailing on the sea. Another kind of hulk is a big person, like the professional wrestler "Hulk Hogan," who could single-handedly sink the hulk of any ship.
Hulks were once commonly used as prisons — floating jails where convicted criminals were kept. Ships become hulks when they're retired due to age, or damaged in a storm. Another meaning of hulk, "enormous person," is rooted in this ship meaning, coming from the sense of either type of hulk as big, awkward, and clumsy. The Middle English source is hulc, "heavy, unwieldy ship," from the Greek holkas, "merchant ship."
WORD FAMILY
hulk: hulked, hulking, hulks, hulky+/hulking: hulkingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The address is set for the evening of Jan. 10 at McCormick Place, a hulking convention center overlooking Lake Michigan.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Eve Valkyrie, meanwhile, is a full-blown multiplayer space combat sim, throwing the player into chaotic dogfights around the rusting hulks of dead spaceships.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The landmark event — which included a rematch between Hulk Hogan and Andre the Giant — continued the wrestling promotion’s rise into mainstream pop culture.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 残骸，外壳; 笨重的大船; 废船船体; 巨大笨重的人（物）
vi. 赫然显现; 笨重地移动
时态：hulked, hulking, hulks
分布：废船(55%)，赫然显现(30%)，笨重的人或物(15%)
→来自古英语hulc,快船，在中古英语时期词义由快船演变为笨重的慢船，最终来自希腊语holkas,商船，纤夫拉船，来自selk,拉，拖，词源同sulcus.进入进代英语词义由慢船演变为船骸，或用于海上监狱的废弃船只。引申词义庞然大物。
noun countable
SHIP 船只
■the body of an old ship, car or very large piece of equipment, which is broken and no longer used （船只、汽车或大型设备的）残骸，壳架
• Here and there the rusted hulk of an abandoned car dots the landscape. 锈迹斑斑的废弃汽车残骸在这一地带随处可见。
[hʌlk] noun countable
AWKWARD 笨拙的
■a large, heavy, awkward person or thing 大块头；庞然大物
• Henry's a real hulk of a man. 亨利真是个大块头。
• The Incredible Hulk is a character in a comic who turns from a scientist into a two-metre tall monster. 那个｢不可思议的巨人｣是漫画中的一个人物，他从一位科学家变成了一个两米高的怪物。
n. 废船；笨重的船；船体
 - hull

Word: imprimatur
Front: imprimatur
[ˌɪmprɪˈmɑ:tə(r)] (23414/33255)
Vocabulary: imprimatur
(once / 16837 pages)
n
If you give something your imprimatur, you give it your formal support or approval. An imprimatur is a fancy version of a thumbs-up sign.
Originally, an imprimatur was a license that permitted a book to be printed. This word still has the meaning of official or public approval. When the president signs a bill, he gives it his imprimatur. You might give your imprimatur to your favorite rock band by wearing a t-shirt with the band’s logo on it.
WORD FAMILY
imprimatur: imprimaturs
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the imprimatur of the prize is on a scale of its own.
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
The result is that many of Trump’s cabinet picks bear the imprimatur of the Republican party and the conservative movement.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
He said there might be an opening if the company can use the imprimatur of the players to gain recognition for premium products.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 出版许可，认可
分布：批准(75%)，赞许(25%)
→im-,进入，使，-prim,按，压，词源同press,print.其原义为使出版，同意出版，后引申词义批准，同意。
US [-tˌɚ] formal
noun only singular
■official permission to do something that is given by a person or group in a position of power （正式的）批准，认可
• When he suspended the constitution and dissolved Congress, he had the imprimatur of the armed forces. 他中止宪法和解散国会的举动得到了军队的支持。
n. 出版许可，认可；赞许
 - approval, authorization

Word: infertile
Front: infertile
[ɪnˈfɜ:taɪl] (托 17816/20963 -1)
Vocabulary: infertile
(once / 7401 pages)
adj
Someone who's infertile isn't able to have children. Plants and animals, as well as humans, are sometimes infertile and can't reproduce naturally.
People who are trying to have a baby may find they're unable to because one of them is infertile, or not able to conceive. A woman who's infertile may instead be unable to carry a baby to term. Infertile is a French word, from the Latin infertilis, "unfruitful," from the roots in-, "not," and fertilis, "bearing in abundance."
WORD FAMILY
infertile: infertility+/ fertile: fertilely, fertilest, fertilise, fertility, fertilize, fertily, infertile, unfertile/fertilisation: self-fertilisation/fertilise: cross-fertilise, fertilisation, fertilised, fertiliser, fertilises, fertilising/fertilised: self-fertilised, unfertilised/fertiliser: fertilisers/ fertility: antifertility, fertilities/ fertilization: fertilizations, self-fertilization/fertilize: cross-fertilize, fertilizable, fertilization, fertilized, fertilizer, fertilizes, fertilizing/fertilized: self-fertilized, unfertilized/fertilizer: fertilizers/infertility: infertilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of Niger’s territory is hot, dusty and infertile.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
An infertile couple liked what they saw on paper and Ms. Griffin was notified that they wanted to buy her eggs.
New York Times(Oct 20, 2016)
People suffering from infections lose time from work, and women may become infertile or develop complications such as ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain.
Washington Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能生育的，不结果实的; 贫瘠的，不毛的
分布：贫瘠的(65%)，不能生育的(35%)
→in-,不，非，fertile,生育的。
不毛的,不能生育的(in不+fertile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
【记】fertile（adj 肥沃的；能繁殖的）；infertility（n 不肥沃）
US [-'fɝ:.tˌəl] adjective
■An infertile person, animal or plant cannot reproduce 不能生育的；不结果实的
• It has been estimated that one in eight couples is infertile. 据估计，每八对夫妇中就有一对不能生育。
■Infertile land or soil is not good enough for plants or crops to grow well there （土地）贫瘠的
• Poor farmers have little option but to try to grow food on these infertile soils. 可怜的农民别无选择，只有在这些贫瘠的土地上种点食物。
adj. 不肥沃的；不毛的；不结果实的；不能生殖的
 - hungry, desert

Word: invisibility
Front: invisibility
[ɪnˌvɪzə'bɪlətɪ] (17123/20309)
Vocabulary: invisibility
(once / 10563 pages)
n
One of the best superpowers ever is invisibility. No one can see you, and you can travel everywhere in complete secrecy since no human eye can detect you.
Combine visible with a prefix that means “not” and a suffix that means “ability” and you’ll understand the whole word: invisibility — the ability to not be visible. The invisibility of certain types of ink can help you write secret messages. Invisibility can be for non-physical things too, like "the invisibility of poverty" from the perspective of those who choose to ignore it.
WORD FAMILY
invisibility: invisibilities+/ invisible: invisibility, invisibleness, invisiblest, invisibly/ visibility: visibilities/ visible: invisible, visibility, visibleness, visibler, visiblest, visibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Add to that the checkered ethnic makeup of the chorus, and the Japanese setting becomes unobtrusive to the point of invisibility.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But with every pursuit there is the danger of crossing a line, from invisibility to erasure.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The invisibility theme was done as a protest against the demolition of Liu's studio when authorities razed an artists' village in Beijing.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 看不清; 看不见的东西; 难看见; 透明性
分布：隐形(82%)，看不见(18%)
ADJ-GRADED
看不见的;隐形的
If you describe something as invisible, you mean that it cannot be seen, for example because it is transparent, hidden, or very small.
例：The lines were so finely etched as to be invisible from a distance...线条被蚀刻得如此精细，在远处看都看不见。
例：The belt is invisible even under the thinnest garments.这种腰带即便在最薄的衣衫下都看不出来。
ADJ
无形的
You can use invisible when you are talking about something that cannot be seen but has a definite effect. In this sense, invisible is often used before a noun which refers to something that can usually be seen.
例：Parents fear they might overstep these invisible boundaries...父母担心他们可能会逾越这些无形的界限。
例：Her father's face had suddenly tightened as though he was being strangled by invisible hands.她父亲的脸突然僵硬了,仿佛是被无形的双手扼住了脖子。
ADJ-GRADED
被人忽视的;不为人注意的
If you say that you feel invisible, you are complaining that you are being ignored by other people. If you say that a particular problem or situation is invisible, you are complaining that it is not being considered or dealt with.
例：It was strange, how invisible a clerk could feel...一名办事员会感到如此受人忽视，令人觉得不可思议。
例：The problems of the poor are largely invisible.穷人的问题大多不受重视。
ADJ
(故事中的人或事物)隐身的，隐形的
In stories, invisible people or things have a magic quality which makes people unable to see them.
例：...The Invisible Man.《隐形人》
ADJ
(收入)非贸易的,无形的
In economics, invisible earnings are the money that a country makes as a result of services such as banking and tourism, rather than by producing goods.
例：Tourism is Britain's single biggest invisible export...旅游业是英国最大的一项无形输出。
例：The revenue from tourism is the biggest single item in the country's invisible earnings...旅游业收入是该国无形收益当中最大的一项。
N-PLURAL
无形服务业(如银行业、旅游业)
Invisibles are services such as banking and tourism, which provide a country's invisible earnings.
n. 看不见；看不见的东西；难看见
 - lost sight of

Word: lug
Front: lug
[lʌg] (托宝 11771/20307 -1)
Vocabulary: lug
(once / 641 pages)
1v 2v 3n 4n
To lug something is to drag or haul it. If you have to lug a heavy backpack to school, look into buying a fashionable backpack on wheels.
If you overpack for a trip, you might end up having to lug your suitcases around the airport, and if your grocery bag breaks on your way home, you'll have to lug your gallon of milk and bunches of bananas in your arms instead. As a noun, lug has several less common meanings, including "a handle-like projection," and "an asymmetrical four-sized sail." Informally, a lug is also an ear in Scotland, and a bully in North America.
WORD FAMILY
lug: luggage, lugged, lugging, lugs+/ luggage: luggages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Gebbie lugs a garment bag and a rolling suitcase to the gym’s entrance.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
My reindeer, I’m afraid, are simply too small to lug such large loads anymore.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
And rookie relievers still might find themselves lugging snacks across the diamond to the bullpen for the veterans.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 用力拖拉
n. 手柄; （英）耳朵; 突出部; <俚>笨家伙
时态：lugged, lugging, lugs
分布：拖(35%)，拉(29%)，柄(21%)，螺帽(5%)，突出部(5%)，用力拖动(5%)
→词源不详。
【记】读：拉个（东西）－拖拉。
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (-gg-) informal
■to carry or pull something with effort or difficulty because it is heavy （费力地）拖，拉，拽
• I'm exhausted after lugging these suitcases all the way across London. 拖着这些箱子穿过整个伦敦可把我给累坏了。
• I don't want to lug these shopping bags around with me all day. 我不想一整天到哪里都提着这些购物袋。
[lʌg] noun countable
EAR 耳朵 UK slang
■a lughole (= ear) 耳朵
[lʌg] noun countable
PERSON 人 US slang
■an awkward or stupid man 笨手笨脚的人，笨蛋，傻瓜
■US slang
■a way of talking to a man you like （对男性的亲匿称呼）笨蛋；傻瓜
• Come over here and give me a kiss, you big lug. 过来亲亲我，你这个大傻瓜。

Word: kang
Front: kang
[kɑ:ŋ] (-/47943)
Back: n. <汉>炕

Word: jovial
Front: jovial
[ˈdʒəʊviəl] (托宝 19973/19131)
Vocabulary: jovial
(once / 1391 pages)
adj
Use jovial to describe people who show good humor and are full of joy. Santa Claus, with his constant "ho-ho-hoing" is a jovial figure.
Jocose and jocular are similar words, but they refer more to things that actually cause laughter. Jovial is from Middle French, from Late Latin jovialis "relating to Jupiter, the ancient Roman god of the sky," from Jupiter "Jupiter" plus the Latin prefix -alis "relating to." In astrology, people born under the sign of Jupiter are joyful.
WORD FAMILY
jovial: joviality, jovially+/joviality: jovialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patrons seem a little bit kinder, staff a little more jovial.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
But despite the jovial ho-ho-hos in the annual show of seasonal goodwill and neighborly friendship, there lies an increasing disquiet in the Nordic nation.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Stevie’s Fozzie Bear moments remind us that his freewheeling, jovial spirit and lack of self-consciousness sometimes spill into his recordings, even his serious ones.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 快乐的，好交际的，善良快活的
n. 左威尔牌手表
分布：快活的(45%)，愉快的(42%)，高兴的(13%)
→来自Jove,古罗马神话主神，木星。字面意思即木星的，来自古代占星术概念，在木星位出生的孩子性格会比较开朗和活泼，引申词义欢乐的。
【记】源于：木星Jupiter，朱庇特（被认为是快乐的源泉）jo＝joy
【反】mournful（adj 悲哀的）；saturnine（adj 忧郁的）；maudlin（adj 易伤感的）；morose（adj 郁闷的）；drab（adj 单调的）；lugubrious（adj 可怜的）
US ['dʒoʊ-] adjective
■(of a person) friendly and in a good mood, or (of a situation) enjoyable because of being friendly and pleasant （人）友善快活的；（情况）令人愉快的
• He seemed a very jovial chap. 他看起来是个很和善快乐的人。
• a jovial time/evening/chat 愉快的时光／夜晚／闲谈

Word: madman
Front: madman
[ˈmædmən] (13915/15543 -1)
Vocabulary: madman
(once / 894 pages)
n
Madman is an old fashioned, derogatory term for a severely mentally ill person. These days, calling someone with a serious psychiatric illness a madman would be offensive.
You're most likely to hear dangerous criminals described as madmen, although it's also common to use this word for someone who acts recklessly: "Look how fast that madman is driving!" Another way to use madman is to emphasize the intensity of something: "She worked on that paper like a madman, writing the entire thing in just a few hours."
WORD FAMILY
madman: madmen
USAGE EXAMPLES
It does feature plenty of interview moments with acting madman Mr. Leto and Miss Robbie.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Khaled tends to his garden, but with the gusto of an eccentric madman.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
He is a madman whose only wish is to bomb Iran into oblivion.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 疯子; 精神失常者，男性精神病人; ; 狂人
分布：疯子(91%)，精神病患者(9%)
noun countable
STRANGE/DANGEROUS MAN 古怪／危险的男人 disapproving
■a man who behaves in a very strange and uncontrolled or dangerous way 行为古怪的男人，狂人；疯子
• I drove like a madman to get there in time. 为了及时赶到那里，我发疯似的开车飞驰。
['mæd.mən] [-mæn] noun countable
MENTALLY ILL 患精神病的 old use or offensive
■a man who is mentally ill 疯子，精神病患者
n. 疯子，狂人；精神病患者
 - mental, nutcase

Word: occidental
Front: occidental
[ˌɒksɪ'dentl] (宝 23052/37042 -1)
Vocabulary: occidental
(once / 35708 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective occidental to describe the Western part of the world, as opposed to Asia and the Middle East. The United States is an occidental country.
The word occidental is uncommon these days, in part because it's historically been the opposite of oriental, a term for the Eastern countries of the world, mainly Asia — which has come to be considered offensive (or at least old-fashioned). You won't hurt anyone's feelings by describing Europe or Canada as occidental, though few people will know what you mean. The Latin root, occidentem , means "western sky" or "sunset."
WORD FAMILY
occidental: occidentalise, occidentalism, occidentalize+/occident: occidental /occidentalize: occidentalized, occidentalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout his career as a studio boss, Run Run borrowed every occidental movie trend, lending each the special Shaw glamour and pizzazz.
Time(Jan 07, 2014)
If Montezuma was not precisely an occidental Charles the Fifth, neither is he to be regarded as an earlier Sitting Bull.
Peck, Harry Thurston, William Hickling Prescott(2012)
The latter word evokes to occidental ears images of sensual seduction which the Moroccan harem seldom realizes.
Wharton, Edith, In Morocco(2012)
Back: adj. 西方的，西洋的; 西方人（文化）的; [天]西天的
n. 西方人; 欧美人
分布：西方人(45%)，西方的(30%)，西洋的(14%)，西洋人(11%)
【记】oc下，cid落，ental一太阳落下的地方一西方的
【参】oriental（n / adj 东方的）
n. 西方人；欧美人
 - western
adj. 西方的；西洋的
 - western, hesperian