Title: TheEconomist_1W2-1W4

Word: grunt
Front: grunt
[grʌnt] (六 9626/9288 -1)
Vocabulary: grunt
(once / 598 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
If your younger brother is particularly grouchy, he might simply grunt in answer to your question about whose turn it is to take out the garbage. A grunt is a short, deep sound.
If you think about the noise a pig makes, you'll have a good idea of what a grunt sounds like. It's an animal-like sound that people make when they're inarticulate, angry, sullen, or lazy — or sometimes if they're hurt or afraid. Pigs and other animals grunt too, no matter what their moods may be. The Old English root word, grunnettan, most likely came from the sound of a grunt.
WORD FAMILY
grunt: grunted, grunter, grunting, grunts+/grunter: grunters
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A grunt and a gruff acceptance usually followed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She practically shouts and grunts the opening number.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 作呼噜声; （指人）发出类似的哼声
vt. 咕哝着说; 发哼声，咕哝
n. （猪等的）呼噜声; 咕哝，牢骚
时态：grunted, grunting, grunts
分布：咕哝(72%)，呼噜声(28%)
→拟声词，模仿猪哼哼的声音。
verb intransitive
■(of a pig) to make a low rough noise （猪）发出呼噜声
• The pigs were grunting contentedly as they ate their food. 猪边吃边发出满意的哼哼声。
■(of a person) to make a short low sound instead of speaking, usually because of anger or pain （人通常因为愤怒或疼痛而）发出哼声，嘟囔着说，咕哝
• He hauled himself over the wall, grunting with the effort. 他费力地翻过墙，累得直哼哼。
• [+ speech] "Too tired, " he grunted and sat down. “累死了。”他呻吟着坐下来。
n. 咕哝；呼噜声
 - oink
vi. 作呼噜声；发哼声
 - harrumph

Word: hindrance
Front: hindrance
[ˈhɪndrəns] (六 18548/14736)
Vocabulary: hindrance
(once / 1461 pages)
n
A hindrance is something in the way, an obstacle. An untied shoelace is a hindrance to walking, and tripping in the lunchroom might be a hindrance to getting a seat at the cool table.
You might hear the phrase, "more of a hindrance than a help." It means that something intended to be a positive force has the opposite effect, like when your four-year-old sister tries to help you make dinner. Hindrance refers to the act of slowing things down, or the thing that's causing the problem, like your "helpful" little sister. It's the noun form of the verb hinder, which is "to get in the way."
WORD FAMILY
hindrance: hindrances+/ hinder: hindered, hindering, hinders, hindrance /hindered: unhindered/hindering: hinderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And many in Belarus said the country’s reputation as Europe’s last dictatorship is no hindrance to their work.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
This formula, however, holds only if lack of pipeline capacity is a major hindrance to oil development.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Hitler’s next appointment, Tanner said, was a military leader who believed a religious minority was a hindrance and so he founded the Gestapo.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 妨害，障碍; 障碍物; 起妨碍作用的人
分布：起妨碍作用的事物或人(100%)
→来自hinder,妨碍，阻挡。
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■something which makes it more difficult for you to do something or for something to develop 阻碍，障碍
• I've never considered my disability a hindrance, but other people have. 我从来没有把自己的残疾看成是一种障碍，可是其他人不这么想。
obstruction, barrier, hindrance, obstacle, bar
这组词都有“障碍(物)”的意思，其区别是：
obstruction: 常既指具体的障碍又可指抽象或喻意上的阻碍。
barrier: 常指临时的或者可能跨越的障碍。
hindrance: 指妨碍他人进步或做事的人或物。
obstacle: 指在达到目的或前进的过程中必须消除或绕过的障碍物，也指起阻碍作用等情况。
bar: 既可指阻止进出或通过的栅栏一类的障碍物，也可用于抽象意义障碍。
n. 障碍；妨碍；妨害； [化学] 阻碍物
 - intervention, prevention, obstacle, let, bar

Word: hundredth
Front: hundredth
[ˈhʌndrədθ] (20547/15209 -1)
Back: num. 第100个; 百分之一; 第一百号; 第一百个
adj. 第一百的; 第一百个的
分布：第一百(54%)，第一百的(26%)，百分之一(15%)，百分之一的(5%)
ordinal number
 IMPROVER
■100th written as a word 第一百（个）
• He is now ranked one (UK alsoa)hundredth in world tennis. 他目前在世界网球坛排名第100位。
• 1991 was the two hundredth anniversary of Mozart's death. 1991年是莫札特逝世200周年纪念。
['hʌn.drətθ] noun countable
■one of a hundred equal parts of something 百分之一
• She has knocked one/a hundredth of a second off the world record. 她将世界纪录缩短了百分之一秒。
n. 第一百，第一百个；百分之一
 - centi

Word: hilltop
Front: hilltop
[ˈhɪltɒp] (13506/20014 -1)
Back: n. 小山顶
分布：山顶(100%)
US [-tɑ:p] noun countable
■the top part of a hill, rather than its sloping sides （小山的）山顶

Word: hilly
Front: hilly
[ˈhɪli] (高托 15597/15079 -1)
Vocabulary: hilly
(once / 2257 pages)
adj
Land that's hilly rises and falls with many hills. The hilly roads in eastern Kansas might surprise you, if you've always imagined the entire state being completely flat.
A hilly neighborhood requires walkers to trudge up steep slopes, and a hilly field is a picturesque backdrop for a farmer's exotic sheep to graze in. Anything that's hilly is marked with hills, or mounds of land that are smaller than mountains. The Old English source of both hilly and hill is hyll, from a Proto-Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
hilly: hilliness, hillyer+/ hill: hilled, hilling, hills, hilly
USAGE EXAMPLES
HUDDERSFIELD, England — The factory here, set amid a brick campus in a green and hilly industrial town, recently celebrated its centennial.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“It’s not an easy course. It’s a little hilly.”
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Istanbul is a very hilly city: seven hills, like Rome, they always say.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 多丘陵的; 多小山的; 多坡的; 峭峻的
级别：hillier, hilliest
分布：多小山的(62%)，丘陵的(38%)
多山的(hill山)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
adjective
■having a lot of hills 多小山的，多丘陵的
• hilly countryside 多小山的乡村地带
• a hilly area 丘陵地区
adj. 丘陵的；陡的；多小山的；多坡的
 - high-pitched

Word: kinship
Front: kinship
[ˈkɪnʃɪp] (研 8890/8216)
Vocabulary: kinship
(once / 2313 pages)
n
Kinship is a family relationship. You might describe the wonderful, close kinship you have with your favorite cousin.
Your kin is your family, so it's easy to see that kinship describes family bonds, like the kinship between members of the same Scottish clan or the kinship an uncle feels in the midst of a dozen crazy nieces and nephews. Kinship can also describe a close family-like relationship, like the kinship of the teachers at your school who have worked together for many years and who all care deeply about students and learning.
WORD FAMILY
kinship: kinships+/ kin: kiner, kins, kinship
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Canada, the kinship between hockey and war is implicit.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nevertheless, I’m glad that Stevie wrote it and that its chorus is still a signifier of kinship for so many black people.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Though at different ends of the career spectrum, the bartender felt a sense of kinship meeting Bright.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 亲属关系; （因起源或态度相似而产生的）亲切感
分布：亲属关系(58%)，血缘关系(42%)
→kin,亲属，-ship,抽象名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■the relationship between members of the same family, or a feeling of being close or similar to other people or things 家属关系，亲属关系；亲密关系；亲切感
• Different ethnic groups have different systems of kinship. 不同的民族亲属关系有着不同的体系。
• He felt a real sense of kinship with his fellow soldiers. 他对战友有一种发自内心的亲切感。
n. [法] 亲属关系，家属关系；亲密关系
 - family relation, consanguinity

Word: idealist
Front: idealist
[aɪ'di:əlɪst] (17991/18940)
Vocabulary: idealist
(once / 2895 pages)
n
An idealist is someone who envisions an ideal world rather than the real one. Some people consider idealists to be naive, impractical, and out of touch with reality. Idealists think that striving for perfection makes the world a better place.
The main root of idealist is "ideal," which comes from the Latin word idea. As an idealist, you think everyone should act in the best interest of the group. Ideally, everyone would agree with you, but the unfortunate reality is that lots of people act solely in their own self-interest. Words that are related to idealist include "idealize," "idealism," and "ideally."
WORD FAMILY
idealist: idealists+/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic / idealistic: idealistically/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
They condemned mainstream genetics as metaphysical, reactionary and idealist.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Justin Peters is a Slate correspondent and the author of The Idealist: Aaron Swartz and the Rise of Free Culture on the Internet.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
She is still playing the idealist in the age of the disappearing red line.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 理想主义; 空想家; <哲>观念论者; 唯心论者
分布：理想主义者(60%)，唯心主义者(15%)，理想主义的(13%)，唯心主义的(12%)
noun countable
■someone who believes that very good things can be achieved, often when this does not seem likely to others 理想主义者
n. 空想家，理想主义者；唯心主义者
 - daydreamer, fancier

Word: inscrutable
Front: inscrutable
[ɪnˈskru:təbl] (宝 18390/20343)
Vocabulary: inscrutable
(once / 1732 pages)
adj
Any person or thing that's mysterious, mystifying, hard to read, or impossible to interpret is inscrutable. You ever notice how it's hard to tell what some people are thinking? Those folks are inscrutable.
A good way to think about what inscrutable means is to consider cats and dogs. Dogs wear their hearts on their sleeves, shaking when they're afraid and bouncing up and down when they're happy. Dogs are definitely not inscrutable, because you can tell what they're thinking and feeling. On the other hand, cats are very difficult to read. Even longtime cat owners aren't always sure what's going on with their kitty. Cats are very inscrutable animals.
WORD FAMILY
inscrutable: inscrutability, inscrutably+/inscrutability: inscrutabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
These are systems patterned after the way the human brain works but which, ironically, are almost entirely inscrutable to humans.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Master Yoda’s aphorisms up against an inscrutable textbook is a battle that may end in a tie.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
The island is beautiful but oblique, sublime yet functionally inscrutable.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可理解的，谜一样的; 神妙莫测
分布：不能预测的(55%)，难以了解的(45%)
→in-,不，非，-scr,分割，分开，词源同shear,scrutiny.即不可分开的，难以分析的，引申词义难以理解的。
【记】in不，scrut理解，able能一不能理解的
【参】scrutiny（n 详细审查）scru理解，tiny（adj 微小的）；inscrutability（n 不能预测；不可思议）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■(especially of a person or their expression) not showing emotions or thoughts and therefore very difficult to understand or get to know （尤指人或其表情）高深莫测的，难以捉摸的
• an inscrutable face/expression/smile 神秘莫测的面孔／表情／笑容
adj. 神秘的；不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的
 - mysterious, magic

Word: ito
Front: ito
[ˈi:ˌtəʊ] (-/49966)
Back: abbr. International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织
Indium tin oxide 氧化铟锡（透明导电薄膜）

Word: lardy

Word: lager
Front: lager
[ˈlɑ:gə(r)] (21354/8014 -1)
Back: n. 贮藏啤酒
分布：窖藏啤酒(100%)
→缩写自德语Lagerbier,贮藏的啤酒，lager,放置，词源同lay,bier,啤酒，词源同beer.
US [-gɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of beer which is pale in colour and usually contains a lot of bubbles 淡啤酒
• Two pints of lager and a packet of crisps, please. 来两品脱淡啤酒和一包炸薯片。

Word: leftward
Front: leftward
[ˈleftwəd] (35534/47278)
Back: adj. 在左方的，在左侧的
adv. 在左方，在左侧
分布：左方的(43%)，左侧的(35%)，向左方(11%)，在左手(11%)
→left,左边，-ward,向左。
adj. 左侧的；左方的
 - nearside

Word: lovingly
Front: lovingly
['lʌvɪŋlɪ] (12151/11745)
Back: adv. 亲爱地
分布：钟情地(50%)，深情地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
充满爱的；钟爱的；关爱的
Someone who is loving feels or shows love to other people.
例：Jim was a most loving husband and father...吉姆是个非常体贴的丈夫和慈爱的父亲。
例：The children there were very loving to me.那里的孩子都很爱我。
ADJ-GRADED
（行为）爱护有加的，细心周到的
Loving actions are done with great enjoyment and care.
例：The house has been restored with loving care.此屋已被悉心修复。
adv. 亲切地；钟爱地
 - warmly, kindly

Word: maxwell
Front: maxwell
['mækswel] (-/4861)
Back: n. 麦（克斯韦）（磁通量单位）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: midday
Front: midday
[ˌmɪdˈdeɪ] (高四六 9129/7619 -K1)
Vocabulary: midday
(once / 1132 pages)
n
As a noun, the word midday refers to the middle of the day. You should avoid the sun at midday, especially if you have very fair skin.
The noun midday can particularly mean noon. You may prefer to have your heaviest meal midday. The opposite of midday in this case is, of course, midnight. Midday is a compound word combining mid and day. In Old English the term was middæg and German still has a similar word with Mittag. The word midday can also be used as an adjective for midday meal, midday sun.
WORD FAMILY
midday: middays+/ daily: dailies/ day: daily, days, midday /days: dayses
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are no immediate details on the midday blasts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Obama returns to Washington at midday Monday from Hawaii with less than three weeks remaining in his presidency.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Live music will also be a part of the events leading up to the big midday plunge into the surf.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 中午; 正午
adj. 正午的
分布：中午(65%)，正午(35%)
→mid-,在中间，day,白天。即中午。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■12 o'clock in the middle of the day 正午；中午
• I just have a sandwich at midday/for my midday meal. 我午餐只吃了一个三明治。
n. 中午；正午
 - midnoon, noon sharp
adj. 正午的
 - noonday

Word: merchandising
Front: merchandising
[ˈmɜ:tʃəndaɪzɪŋ] (27918/21682 -1)
Back: n. 商品推销; 销售规划
v. 推销(merchandise的ing形式); 经营
分布：销售规划(100%)
→来自merchandise,销售。引申词义营销，推销，展销。
US ['mɝ:-] noun uncountable
■products connected with a popular film, singer, event, etc., or the selling of these products （与流行电影、歌星、活动等有关的）文化衍生品，文化衍生品的促销
n. 推销； [贸易] 销售规划
 - sale promotion, salesmanship
v. 推销；经营（merchandise的ing形式）
 - faring

Word: midway
Front: midway
[ˌmɪdˈweɪ] (11957/11446 -1)
Vocabulary: midway
(once / 1321 pages)
1advadj 2n
Anything midway between two points is halfway between them. A midway is also a place at a carnival where sideshow entertainment is located.
Being midway is being at a midpoint or the center. If you're halfway between home and school, you're midway between those two places. At the end of sophomore year, you're midway through high school. Another type of midway is part of a fair or carnival. On the midway, you'll find sideshow amusements such as a bearded lady, a snake charmer, or someone swallowing a sword.
WORD FAMILY
midway: midways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tennessee State held a 43-35 lead at the break and was up 59-51 at the midway point of the second half.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Houston led by 25 points midway through the second quarter but needed Harden and Harrell to carry it to victory.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Marshall was left equally flat-footed midway through the first half when, after Barry opened space with a delayed pass, Barkley’s cross-shot skipped wide.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 中途，半途; 娱乐场，游乐场; 折中办法，中间道路
adv. 中途地，中间地; 中途，半路
adj. 居中的，中途的
分布：中途(27%)，中途的(19%)，中间的(15%)，娱乐场(11%)，中间地(11%)，中间(11%)，折中办法(3%)，中途地(3%)
adverb
■half the distance between two places 在中途，在半路；在两地之间
• Leeds is midway between London and Edinburgh. 里兹在伦敦与爱丁堡之间。
■in the middle of a process or period of time 到（进程的）一半时，在（一段时间的）中间
• She stopped working midway through her pregnancy. 她到怀孕中期时停止了工作。
[ˌmɪd'weɪ] noun countable US
■a part of a fair, circus etc. where there are games of skill and other types of entertainment 娱乐场（露天游乐场、马戏团等的一部分，提供技巧游戏和其他娱乐活动的地方）
• Some people go to the state fair to see the livestock, but I prefer the midway. 一些人到州市集是为了看家畜，我却比较喜欢那里的娱乐场。
n. 中途；娱乐场
 - casino, midcourse
adj. 中途的
 - intermediary, halfway

Word: monroe
Front: monroe
[mənˈrəu] (-/15697)
Back: n. 门罗(m.)
分布：美国密歇根州城市）(25%)，姓氏）(25%)，门罗（男子名(25%)，门罗（美国路易斯安那州城市(25%)

Word: playful
Front: playful
[ˈpleɪfl] (8444/14730 -1)
Vocabulary: playful
(once / 745 pages)
adj
Use the adjective playful to describe someone who likes to have fun and doesn't take things too seriously. A playful kindergarten teacher makes everything seem like a game, even lining up to go outside for recess.
A group of cheerful kids playing musical chairs at a birthday party can be called playful, and so can a litter of wiggly puppies. A playful joke might be mischievous, but it's meant in a silly, friendly way. This word has been around since the thirteenth century, in the sense of "full of play." The Old English root word is plegan, which means "frolic, move rapidly, make sport of, or play music."
WORD FAMILY
playful: playfully, playfulness, unplayful+/interplay: interplays/misplay: misplayed, misplaying, misplays/overplay: overplayed, overplaying, overplays/ play: counterplay, foreplay, interplay, misplay, overplay, playable, played, player, playful, playing, playlet, plays, replay, underplay/playable: unplayable/ player: players/ playfulness: playfulnesses/playing: playings/playlet: playlets/ replay: replayed, replaying, replays/underplay: underplayed, underplaying, underplays/unplayful: unplayfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
His overtime goal and playful celebration are shown on the video board before every game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
At 101, there is still something girlish and playful about her.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Ms. Gerrity’s style is yet lighter, more playful; she twinkles.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 闹着玩的; 爱玩的; 戏谑的
分布：嬉戏的(62%)，开玩笑的(28%)，爱玩耍的(10%)
adjective
■funny and not serious 有趣的，闹着玩的
• a playful exchange of insults 开玩笑的相互讥讽
• He was in a playful mood. 他很想逗趣一下。
adj. 开玩笑的；幽默的；爱嬉戏的
 - jestful, humorous

Word: pittance
Front: pittance
[ˈpɪtns] (宝 22478/19480)
Vocabulary: pittance
(once / 4770 pages)
n
A pittance is a tiny payment or small reimbursement for work — generally an amount that's inadequate. The restaurant may pay you a pittance, but you can do well if you get a lot of good tips.
The word pittance came into English from the Old French word pitance, meaning “allowance of food to a monk or poor person,” which in turn came from the Latin word pietas, meaning “pity.” Although a pittance may have originally meant that you were taking pity on someone with less wealth by giving them money or food, these days when you get a pittance it means that you earn a pitiful wage.
WORD FAMILY
pittance: pittances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most child-care workers get little training and are paid a pittance.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Poets are given vast fees by international conglomerates for their latest eclogues, while screenwriters live in poverty, paid a pittance for their largely ignored outpourings.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
But for an elected official benefiting from ill-gotten gains, that’s a pittance.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 少量; 少许; 微薄的工资; 少量的收入
分布：少量津贴(36%)，少量(35%)，微薄的工资(29%)
→来自古法语pitance,可怜，同情，施舍，词源同pity.-ance,名词后缀。引申词义微薄的工资。
【记】原指：给和尚或穷人的食品施舍，引申为少量津贴。Pit一小口，tan痰，ce：朝乞丐的手里吐痰－少量的施舍－少量津贴
【反】cornucopia（n 富饶）；crop（n 庄稼；收成）
US ['pɪtˌ-] disapproving
noun countable usually singular
■a very small amount of money, especially money received as payment, income or a present 少量金钱，（尤指）微薄的工资
• He works hard but he's paid a pittance. 他工作很勤奋，但收入微薄。
n. 少量；小额施舍；少量津贴
 - bit, driblet

Word: pandit

Word: quid
Front: quid
[kwɪd] (16983/4441 -1)
Back: n. 一英镑，一磅金币; （咀嚼用的）一块，咀嚼物; 抵偿物，交换物
分布：供咀嚼的烟草块(100%)
→俚语，来自quid, pro quo,一物换一物。
[kwɪd] (plural quid) UK informal
noun countable
■a pound; £1 一英镑
• Could you lend me twenty quid (= £20) , mate? 老兄，能不能借我20英镑？
[kwɪd] (plural quid) UK informal
noun countable
be quids in
■to be making a profit 发财，赚大钱
• If this deal goes ahead, we'll be quids in. 如果这笔买卖成功了，我们会发大财。
n. 咀嚼物；一英镑；一镑金币
 - masticator, chew

Word: repent
Front: repent
[rɪˈpent] (研四六雅宝 16583/15104)
Vocabulary: repent
(once / 242 pages)
v
The verb repent means "to feel sorry for something you've done." When you repent, you acknowledge what you did and vow to change your ways.
The word repent comes from the Old French word repentir, which means, "to feel regret for sins or crimes." If you cheat on an exam in school, and feel guilty afterwards, you might repent for your bad behavior by confessing to your teacher. The verb repent is often used in a religious context: when you repent, you try to make up for what you've done, promise to avoid sin in the future and devote yourself to God.
WORD FAMILY
repent: repentant, repented, repenting, repents+/ repentance: repentances/ repentant: repentance, repentantly, unrepentant / unrepentant: unrepentantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Fall to your knees and repent if you please!”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
The group considers all Shi'ite Muslims to be heretics who must repent or die.
Reuters(Nov 27, 2016)
Homer, having repented of his vote to deport his buddy, gives him disastrously bad advice on how to pass his citizenship test.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔
adj. [植] 匍匐生根的; [动] 爬行的
时态：repented, repenting, repents
分布：忏悔(51%)，后悔(40%)，悔悟(9%)
→re-,表强调，-pent,惩罚，悔罪，词源同 pain,punish,penitentiary.引申词义悔过，忏悔。
后悔,懊悔(re反+pent→反进来惩罚自己→后悔)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"]
[rɪ'pent] formal
verb intransitive
■to be very sorry for something bad you have done in the past and wish that you had not done it 后悔；悔过，忏悔
• He repented (of his sins) just hours before he died. 在临死前数小时，他才（对自己的罪孽）做了忏悔。
repent, regret
这组词都有“后悔”的意思，其区别是：
repent: 正式用词，语气较强，指对自己所做的错事或不该做的事感到深切的悔恨。
regret: 指对已发生或未发生的事或行为表示后悔或婉惜。
vi. 后悔；忏悔
 - rue
vt. 后悔；对…感到后悔
 - regret
adj. [植] 匍匐生根的； [动] 爬行的
 - acrawl, creepy

Word: recidivism
Front: recidivism
[rɪ'sɪdɪvɪzəm] (20722/46817)
Vocabulary: recidivism
(once / 42980 pages)
n
Recidivism means going back to a previous behavior, especially criminal behavior. People who work with prisoners are always hoping to lower recidivism rates.
The word recidivism comes from the Latin root words re, meaning "back," and caedere, meaning "to fall" — or literally "to fall back." The word is most commonly used to discuss the relapse rate of criminals, who have served their sentence and have been released. However, it can be used for any relapse in behavior. Alcoholics who do not receive support are more prone to recidivism than those in recovery programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
WORD FAMILY
recidivism: recidivist +/ recidivist: recidivists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The average taxpayer cost associated with one incident of recidivism is about $40,500.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
They found that an increase in fines assessed on children directly correlated to a rise in recidivism.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Obama officials credit that review process for a drop in the recidivism rate among former detainees.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <律>再犯，累犯（行为或倾向）
分布：累犯(100%)
重新犯罪(re+cidiv掉下＋ism→再次掉入罪行)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re重新，cid落下，ivism－重新落入犯罪一重犯
n. 再犯，累犯
 - recommitment, jailbird

Word: slouch
Front: slouch
[slaʊtʃ] (宝 14401/21708 -1)
Vocabulary: slouch
(once / 1926 pages)
vn
To slouch is to sit or stand with your shoulders hunched. Most people are more likely to slouch when they're tired or bored.
You might tend to slouch in math class but sit up straight and tall when your favorite art teacher invites you to enter a piece in an art show. Your math class posture can itself be described as a slouch as well. Yet another meaning of slouch is a person who's lazy or useless — this is actually the word's original definition, from the 1500's. It's thought to be rooted in the Old Norse word slokr, "lazy fellow."
WORD FAMILY
slouch: slouched, sloucher, slouches, slouching, slouchy+/sloucher: slouchers/slouchy: slouchily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In somewhat of a statistical and intellectual improbability, Couch Slouch agrees with both sides.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
THE MAN WHO revived Gucci the first time is no slouch.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
But the other freshmen in the semifinals are no slouches either.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 无精打采地立、坐或行走; 低垂，耷拉
vt. 使下垂，使耷拉
n. （帽边等的）下垂; 笨拙的人; 懒散的人; 没精打采[垂头丧气]的姿态
时态：slouched, slouching, slouches
分布：没精打采地站(49%)，耷拉(29%)，笨人(11%)，没精打采的样子(11%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,邋遢的，懒的，比较 slattern,slut,sloven,slug.
【记】源于：sloth（n （对工作）懒惰）slou＝slow，ch吃：吃得慢－无精打采的样子
【反】stand erect（直立）
verb intransitive
■to stand, sit or walk with the shoulders hanging forward and the head bent slightly over so that you look tired and bored 垂头丧气地站（或坐、走）；无精打采地站（或坐、走）
• Straighten your back - try not to slouch. 挺直后背——别没精打采的。
• A couple of boys were slouched over the table reading magazines. 几个男孩低着头趴在桌上看杂志。
• A group of teenagers were slouching around outside the building. 一群十几岁的年轻人在大楼外面无精打采地闲逛。
[slaʊtʃ] noun
countable usually singular
■a way of standing, sitting or walking with the shoulders hanging forward 无精打采的姿态（站、坐或走的一种姿势，肩部向前悬垂）
• He's developed a slouch from leaning over his books all day. 他整天低着头看书，逐渐形成了一副弯腰弓背的样子。
[slaʊtʃ] noun
be no slouch informal
■If you say that someone is no slouch at a particular activity, you mean that they work hard at it and produce good results 擅长（某类活动）
• She's no slouch when it comes to organizing parties. 安排派对她可是一把好手。
n. 下垂；笨拙的人，懒散的人；懒散的样子
 - ptosis, sagging
vt. 使下垂
 - sag

Word: smelly
Front: smelly
[ˈsmeli] (高雅 14701/11848 -1)
Vocabulary: smelly
(once / 13089 pages)
adj
Smelly things give off a bad odor. After her joyful swim in a swampy lake, your dog will probably be smelly.
You could call smelly things stinky, putrid, or rank. Your brother's sweaty feet are smelly, and your neighbor's cabbage soup is smelly too. While things like flowers and homemade gingerbread are fragrant or aromatic, smelly things — like your neighborhood on garbage day — are just plain smelly. We know that smelly comes from smell, "odor, aroma, or stench," which followed the verb smell, "emit or perceive an odor," but the word's origin is unknown.
WORD FAMILY
smelly: smellier, smelliest+/smell: smelled, smelling, smells, smelly /smelling: ill-smelling, smellings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Beauty and the Beast, “Belle” tells of a poor provincial town with smelly fish and stale baguettes.
Time(Nov 03, 2016)
The small, mole-like mammals have smelly saliva, which they use to paralyze and subdue their prey.
Washington Times(Oct 27, 2016)
Bony and smelly, menhaden have rarely been caught for food.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 发出难闻气味的，有臭味的; 〈口〉“smell”的派生
级别：smellier, smelliest
分布：臭的(66%)，难闻的(34%)
→smell,气味，臭味，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■having an unpleasant smell 难闻的，臭的
• smelly feet 臭脚
adj. 有臭味的，发臭的
 - frowzy, frouzy

Word: soweto

Word: spirituality
Front: spirituality
[ˌspɪrɪtʃuˈæləti] (6461/15895)
Vocabulary: spirituality
(once / 3302 pages)
n
Spirituality has to do with the spirit, not as in ghosts, but as in the essence of being human — your soul or your inner life.
Spirituality often has to do with religion, but it doesn't have to. You might say, "I'm not religious; but I have a strong sense of spirituality," which might mean that you practice yoga or meditation, or you pray with a group, or you nurture your spirit by spending time in nature. Religions usually have defined beliefs, rituals, and guidelines; spirituality is more individual.
WORD FAMILY
spirituality: spiritualities+/dispirit: dispirited, dispiriting, dispirits/ dispirited: dispiritedly, dispiritedness/dispiriting: dispiritingly/ spirit: dispirit, spirited, spiriting, spiritise, spiritism, spiritize, spiritless, spirits, spiritual /spirited: spiritedest, spiritedly, spiritedness/spiritless: spiritlessly, spiritlessness/spirits: spiritous, spirituous/ spiritual: spiritualise, spiritualism, spirituality, spiritualize, spiritually, spirituals/spiritualise: spiritualisation, spiritualised, spiritualises, spiritualising/spiritualism: spiritualisms, spiritualist, spiritualistic/spiritualist: spiritualists/spiritualistic: spiritualistically/spiritualize: spiritualization, spiritualized, spiritualizes, spiritualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While Mr. Brown’s dances are explorations of spirituality, they’re also full of spirit with a pulse that sends bodies across the stage like brush strokes.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Its abundance of Buddhist and Hindu works jibes with his deep interest in spirituality.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
There's a difference between organized religion and spirituality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 精神性，灵性
分布：灵性(92%)，神圣(5%)，教会的收入(3%)
US [-ə.tˌi] approving
noun uncountable
■the quality of involving deep, often religious, feelings and beliefs, rather than the physical parts of life 精神性；灵性
n. 灵性；精神性
 - inwardness

Word: therapist
Front: therapist
[ˈθerəpɪst] (雅 3916/6273 -2)
Vocabulary: therapist
(once / 4484 pages)
n
An expert at a specific kind of healing practice is called a therapist. A massage therapist is trained to soothe sore muscles, for example.
The first thing many people think of when they see the word therapist is a psychotherapist, a mental health practitioner whose job is to diagnose and treat psychiatric conditions. This kind of therapist might listen to a patient's thoughts, fears, problems, and dreams and offer helpful techniques or even medication. Other types of therapists include physical therapists and occupational therapists, both of whom help clients with mobility and quality of life issues presented by their physical disabilities or challenges.
WORD FAMILY
therapist: therapists+/ therapeutic: therapeutically, therapeutics/ therapy: therapeutic, therapeutical, therapies, therapist
USAGE EXAMPLES
What is a good way to find a therapist?
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
So Mr. Hames and others founded the digital health start-up Big Health and created Sleepio, an online sleep improvement program that uses a virtual therapist.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ages 7-9, each was accompanied by a therapist who never left his side.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 治疗专家，特定疗法技师
分布：临床医学家(100%)
→therapy,治疗，-ist,人。
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■someone whose job is to treat a particular type of mental or physical illness or disability, usually with a specific type of therapy 治疗师
• a speech therapist 言语治疗师
• a music/art therapist 一个音乐／艺术治疗师
• I'm seeing my therapist on Friday morning. 周五上午我要去找我的治疗医生。

Word: stonewall
Front: stonewall
[ˌstəʊnˈwɔ:l] (宝 29016/-)
Back: vi. （用冗长发言或拒绝回答问题等）拖延[阻碍]议事，设置障碍; 拒绝执行命令，拒绝服从命令; （板球中）打守势球，小心地打慢球
时态：stonewalled, stonewalling, stonewalls
分布：妨碍(50%)，阻碍议事(50%)
→stone,石头，wall,墙。
【记】stone石头，wall墙：在你面前竖起石头墙－拒绝
【反】cooperate fully（完全合作）
US ['stoʊn.wɑ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to stop a discussion from developing by refusing to answer questions or by talking in such a way that you prevent other people from giving their opinions （以拒绝回答问题或阻止他人发表意见等方式）阻碍（议事），（为）（讨论）设置障碍
• The interviewer accused the minister of stonewalling on the issue of tax increases. 采访人指责部长闭口不谈增加税收的问题。
vt. 妨碍；阻碍；小心翼翼地打球
 - let, slow
vi. 妨碍；阻碍；小心翼翼地打球
 - stand in the way of, hinder from

Word: stench
Front: stench
[stentʃ] (宝 11585/12453 -1)
Vocabulary: stench
(once / 3002 pages)
n
When you pass a dump, you might hold your nose and say, "Oh, I can't handle the stench." A stench is a bad smell.
Stench can also be used metaphorically. If it is discovered that many members of a police force have been taking money from mob bosses so that they can continue their life of crime, a new chief may be brought in to remove the stench of corruption from the office. In either sense, stench is the kind of smell that takes work to get rid of.
WORD COUNT
A Delicately Deodorized Word Bouquet
There's no nice way to put it: as we reach the peak of temperature and humidity levels in much of the northern hemisphere, we all too often find ourselves confronted by things — and yes, people — who smell. And even if we'd like to turn up our nose, for once let's take a giant whiff. Or at least an etymological one.
Words for things that are smelly often have interesting histories, because they are related to taboo subjects. And like those subjects themselves, their power and force emanates from — or, one might even say, is redolent of — their uncivilized nature.
We don't like to talk about it. In American English, using the verb smell without an object, as in "What smells?" is an accusation, implying that something really powerful and unpleasant, something we would rather not dignify by naming, is perfuming the air. (The answer to the question "What smells?" is almost never "Roses.") A similar elision occurs in American English when the verb drink occurs without an object — the dreaded alcohol can only be assumed. An insistence that "I don't drink" is not a protestation that one doesn't imbibe liquids in general or that one takes them intravenously, it is a culturally acceptable expression of one's status as a teetotaler.
Even though we often do know perfectly well what we are smelling, when we do decide to name it, we'll more likely softshoe it with something like funky, rather than naming the odor point blank. And although it may depress you if you are surrounded by funky smells all the time, the two uses of the word funk, "depression" and "bad smell," are not etymologically related. The latter is from dialectical French funkiere, "to smoke." The sense here is that someone has blown smoke on you and you have been "stifle[d] with offensive vapor." And in spite of the modern coolness surrounding funk musicians, there's nothing modern about funk as in skunk. It dates all the way back to the 17th century.
Funk is not the only old word for a bad smell that comes from the idea of smoke; in the peeyoo-smoke category we also find reek. Although primarily used in present-day English as a verb to mean "to have or emit a foul odor," the noun originally meant "smoke from burning material." Although exactly where reek comes from is uncertain, it is probably from a Scandinavian source like Old Norse reykr; this Old Norse root, as a verb reykja "to smoke" provides the name of Iceland's capital Reykjavik (-vik means "bay"). So yes, Reykjavik is the "reeking bay" city, but to locals, this concept connotes wonderfully smoky Icelandic hot springs, not sulphuric eruptions or even just that hotel room that wasn't as smoke free as the hotelier had promised.
Was it ever possible to tell your sweetheart how much you love their stench and still have them be your sweetheart? If you were living in the twelfth century or earlier, maybe. Stench's association with a bad, or even evil, odor has been prevalent since the thirteenth. In fact, this very old word used to be part of a verbal paradigm in previous versions of English that no longer exists in our language.
In Old English, stincan was an intransitive verb that meant "to emit a smell" and stench was the causative form, meaning roughly, "to cause to emit a smell." Other verb pairs that were related to each other in this way include drink/drench (whose ancestral form meant "make drunk" three hundred years before the current word took on its modern day meaning of "wet thoroughly"),  shrink/shrench ("cause to shrink") and sink/sench ("cause to sink"). These causative forms were replaced by transitive forms (as in "You sunk my battleship!"), but while a causative form for drink might come in handy when accusing your friends of daring you too go too far at the bar, and a causative of shrink would be useful when arguing with a dry cleaner, mostly the language gets along fine without these forms.
Speaking of causation, can you cause yourself to smell something or is it just a side effect of breathing? Before you answer, think about the difference between what happens when you sniff. The interesting thing about this word is that, before this came to suggest the action of a bloodhound, sniff described an "expression of scorn or contempt." Possibly related to snyvelen, which also contributes to our word snivel, the contemptuous sniff dates from 1729, and the word is not recorded as a synonym for smell until 1845.
Which can only make one wonder: as we evolved from the age of the chamberpot and semi-seasonal-at-best bathing, how are we only now acquiring words to delicately allude to our nasal suffering?
Want to get more specific about odor in the air? Check out this 10-word vocabulary list: Something Smells: From "Malodorous" to "Mephitic" to "It Reeks!"
WORD FAMILY
stench: stenches
USAGE EXAMPLES
The stench will linger due to the stakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our ancestors thought that “miasma”—the misty, vaporous stenches that waft from swampland—caused fatal diseases.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Friday and complaints about the stench then flowed into the city’s 911 system.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 臭气，恶臭
vi. 使)发恶臭
vt. 发恶臭
分布：恶臭(65%)，臭气(35%)
→来自古英语 stenc,气味，臭味，香味，来自 Proto-Germanic*stankwiz,气味，来自 steug, 扩大形式于 steu,推，击，释放，词源同 steep,type.后词义仅限于指臭味。
【记】s死，ten十，ch吃：吃了它你就会死十次－粪便－臭气
noun
countable usually singular
■a strong unpleasant smell 恶臭，臭气
• the stench of rotting fish/burning rubber/cigarette smoke 烂鱼的腥臭味／燃烧橡胶的刺鼻气味／难闻的烟味
• an overpowering stench 强烈的恶臭
only singular literary
■a bad effect that follows an unpleasant event or situation and is noticeable for a long time 恶劣影响；不良后果
• For some time after the minister's resignation, the stench of scandal hung over the government. 部长辞职后的一段时间里，丑闻的恶劣影响仍然笼罩着政府。
n. 恶臭； [矿业] 臭气
 - malodor, effluvium
vi. 发恶臭
 - stink of

Word: syrup
Front: syrup
[ˈsɪrəp] (托 6827/15500 -1)
Back: n. 糖浆，糖汁; 糖浆类药品; 甜蜜的情感; 果汁，甜汁
分布：糖浆(99%)，甜而黏稠的汁液(1%)
→来自古法语 sirop,糖浆，加糖饮料，来自阿拉伯语 sharab,饮料，饮品，来自 shariba,喝，饮， 词源同 sorbet,sherbet.
noun uncountable
■a very sweet, thick, light-coloured liquid made by dissolving sugar in water 糖浆 Compare treacle a type of sweet liquid medicine 糖浆（一种药）
• cough syrup 止咳糖浆
n. [食品] 糖浆，果汁；含药糖浆
 - juice, sirup

Word: straiten
Front: straiten
['streɪtn] None
Back: vt. 使穷困，使为难，限制
时态：straitened, straitening, straitens
分布：限制(44%)，使为难(28%)，使穷困(28%)
使狭窄(straot海峡;困难)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
vt. 限制；使…穷困；使…为难
 - block, set a limit to
vi. 变窄；变紧
 - narrow down

Word: unglamorous
Front: unglamorous
[ʌnˈglæmərəs] (25480/33308)
Back: adj. 没有魅力的; 无浪漫色彩的; 乏味的; 单调的
分布：乏味的(37%)，没有魅力的(27%)，单调的(27%)，无浪漫色彩的(9%)
US [-ə-] adjective
■not glamorous (= especially attractive and exciting) 无趣的，乏味的；没有吸引力的
• unglamorous work/surroundings 乏味的工作／沉闷的环境
adj. 单调的，乏味的；没有魅力的，不浪漫的
 - flat, blank, stupid, monotonous

Word: tonic
Front: tonic
[ˈtɒnɪk] (雅宝 12096/7921 -1)
Vocabulary: tonic
(once / 1786 pages)
1nadj 2n 3adjn 4adj 5adj
A tonic is something, sometimes a medicine, that makes you feel better or restores you to health. Before doctors prescribed drugs, crooked salesmen sold all sorts of dubious tonics.
Tonic was used to describe all sorts of concoctions that were supposed to make you feel better or livelier. Some helped and some didn’t. Coca Cola was originally marketed as a tonic — back when it is said to have contained cocaine as well as loads of caffeine. These days we might describe a weekend at the beach or a brisk walk as a tonic, meaning it will refresh you. Others might flee to a gin and tonic — an alcoholic drink.
WORD FAMILY
tonic: supertonic, tonically, tonicity, tonics+/ atonal: atonalism, atonality, atonally/atonalism: atonalistic/atonality: atonalities/ intonate: intonated/overtone: overtones/semitone: semitones/supertonic: supertonics/tonal: atonal, tonality, tonally/tonality: tonalities/ tone: intonate, overtone, semitone, tonal, toned, toneless, toner, tones, tonic, toning, undertone/toned: toneder, tonedest/toneless: tonelessly/toner: toners/tonicity: hypertonicity/undertone: undertones
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bass instruments drone on the tonic while the violins weave sixteenth notes around the other notes of the triad.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As America reels from the rise of the alt-right, the film arrives as a hopeful tonic to liberal audiences.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
It also said the trust "strives to work with J Chandler and Co to ensure that the tonic wine is marketed and distributed responsibly".
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 滋补品; 奎宁水; <音>主音; <语>浊音
adj. 滋补的; <语>声调的; <医>强直的; <音>主音的
分布：补药(57%)，奎宁水(21%)，滋补的(19%)，振奋精神的(3%)
→来自 tone,身体健康性，-ic,形容词后缀。现词义缩写自 tonic water,让身体健康的水，原为一 种保健品，因加入奎宁，通常叫奎宁水，引申词义补药，滋补品等，后词义也与 toner 相融 合。
【记】读：偷你颗，偷你一颗滋补药。
【反】enfeebling（adj 衰弱的）；draining（adj 耗尽的）
US ['tɑ:.nɪk] noun
MEDICINE 药
countable
■a liquid medicine which has the general effect of making you feel better rather than treating a particular health problem that you might have 滋补剂
only singular informal
■something that makes you feel stronger or happier 使人为之一振的事物
• The magazine is lively and interesting - the pictures alone are a tonic. 这本杂志生动有趣——光这些图片就很有视觉冲击力。
UK ['tɒn.ɪk] US ['tɑ:.nɪk] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable or uncountable (also tonic water)
■ fizzy (= with bubbles) water with a bitter taste which can be drunk on its own or added to alcoholic drinks 奎宁水（有气饮料，味苦，可单独饮用，也可加到酒中饮用）
• Two gin and tonics, please. 请来两份杜松子酒加奎宁汽水。
n. [药] 补药；主调音或基音
 - invigorator
adj. 滋补的；声调的；使精神振作的
 - tonetic

Word: unionism
Front: unionism
['ju:nɪənɪzəm] (27199/10753 -1)
Back: n. 联合主义，联合原则; 工会主义，工联主义; [美史]联邦主义; 统一主义
分布：工会主义(45%)，联合主义(30%)，联邦主义(25%)
n. 工会主义；联合主义；联邦主义
 - fusionism, federalism

Word: attune
Front: attune
[ə'tju:n] (宝 13450/18642)
Vocabulary: attune
(once / 4472 pages)
v
When you attune to something, you adjust to it and become aware of the way it works. A new parent has to attune to a baby's schedule and personality.
Preschool teachers need to attune to their students' various needs and interests, and when you visit a foreign country it's important to attune to the unfamiliar culture, so that you're both comfortable and respectful. The verb attune is almost always followed by "to," and it often shows up in the form of "be attuned to." Attune comes from tune, "bring into a state of proper pitch."
WORD FAMILY
attune: attuned, attunes, attuning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attuned to the deception, U.S. immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Attuned to the deception, United States immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So those lines that we consider as being abstract, they’re probably more attuned spiritually than they are to abstraction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使协调; <音>调音
时态：attuned, attuning, attunes
分布：使协调(48%)，调音(29%)，使调和(23%)
【记】at一再，tune音调－调音
vt. 使协调；使合拍；为…调音；调合波长
 - concert, coordinate with

Word: worrisome
Front: worrisome
[ˈwʌrisəm] (11637/46298)
Back: adj. 令人不安的
分布：令人烦恼的(57%)，令人忧虑的(43%)
US ['wɝ:-] US formal or old-fashioned
adjective
■worrying 令人着急的；令人担忧的
• Alcohol and tobacco consumption by young people is especially worrisome because habits formed early are likely to persist. 年轻人的吸烟饮酒问题特别令人担心，因为那些早期形成的习惯很可能持续下去。
adj. 令人烦恼的，令人不安的；麻烦的
 - tight, vexatious

Word: weston

Word: baba
Front: baba
[ˈbɑ:bɑ:] (27168/27880)
Back: n. 老爹; 大爷（用于称呼年长者，表示尊敬）; 朋友; 孩子（尤用于对男子或男孩说话时）
分布：兰姆糕(100%)
→来自儿语，指祖母，后指祖母做的蛋糕。
noun countable
■father: used by some South Asians to show respect to an older man 父亲（南亚人对老年男性的称呼，以示尊重）
■used by some South Asians when talking to a friend or a child, especially a man or boy 某些南亚人对朋友或儿童的称谓（尤指男人或男孩）

Word: alchemist
Front: alchemist
[ˈælkəmɪst] (22458/22616)
Vocabulary: alchemist
(once / 4619 pages)
n
If you're an alchemist, then you try to change common metals into gold. People have been trying to figure that out for a long time, so you might need to have another job to finance your career as an alchemist.
The word alchemist comes from alchemy, which has origins in the Greek word khemeia, meaning "art of transmuting metals." Active since ancient times, alchemists could be considered very early chemists because of their work trying to transform base metals into gold. Alchemists could also be considered wizards because they attempted to make special elixirs that would give everlasting life and cure sickness.
WORD FAMILY
alchemist: alchemistic, alchemistical, alchemists+/alchemise: alchemised, alchemising/alchemize: alchemized, alchemizes, alchemizing/ alchemy: alchemic, alchemical, alchemies, alchemise, alchemist, alchemize
USAGE EXAMPLES
But “The Alchemist” is only one of Coelho’s more than 30 works.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Isaac Newton himself was a dyed-in-the-wool alchemist who wasted years trying to turn lead into gold.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Chapter 1, “Becoming the Alchemist,” gives instructions for making a kitchen altar.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 炼金术士
分布：炼金术士(92%)，炼丹术士(8%)
n. 炼金术士
 - hermetic

Word: bratislava
Front: bratislava
[ˌbrætiˈslɑ:və] (-/28079)
Back: 布拉迪斯拉发（捷克斯洛伐克中南部城市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: bide
Front: bide
[baɪd] (18820/19163)
Back: vi. 等待，停留; 居住
vt. 等待; 面临; 禁得起; 等待时机
时态：bided, biding, bides
分布：等待(79%)，停留(14%)，忍耐(7%)
→来自 bid, 命令，吩咐。等待的，听候差遣的。
verb
bide your time
■to wait calmly for a good opportunity to do something 静候时机
• She was biding her time until she could get her revenge. 她正在等待时机，报仇雪恨。
vt. 等待；面临；禁得起
 - await, look out on
vi. 等待；居住
 - belong, room, live, harbor, dwell

Word: boisterous
Front: boisterous
[ˈbɔɪstərəs] (宝 15945/18932 -1)
Vocabulary: boisterous
(once / 1298 pages)
adj
Boisterous is a word used to describe someone spirited, loud, and slightly out of control — like someone with a spring in their step and a song in their heart singing to strangers on the street.
Boisterous means "loud, clamorous, and unrestrained." Think of children on a playground or a popular restaurant or a litter of puppies as boisterous. This word, which comes from Middle English, can also refer to very intense storms. You could call a hurricane boisterous, but you will most likely hear this word used to describe people.
WORD FAMILY
boisterous: boisterously, boisterousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Connecticut showed little interest in engaging the boisterous road crowd at the start, racing to a 7-0 lead.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One woman pulled off her top to flash her breasts, unleashing boisterous cheers from the grateful crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Rex is friendly with many of the leaders in the world who we don’t get along with,” Mr. Trump said to a boisterous crowd here.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂暴的; 喧闹的; 骚嚷的
分布：喧闹的(67%)，狂暴的(33%)
→词源不详。可能来自beast, 野兽，或boast, 吹嘘。
【记】boi＝boil（v 沸腾）－水沸腾的感觉－喧闹的，狂暴的
【参】preposterous（adj 荒谬的）
【反】quiet（adj 安静的）
US [-stɚ-] adjective
■noisy, energetic and rough 喧闹的；精力旺盛的
• boisterous children 爱吵闹的孩子们
• a boisterous game 激烈的游戏
adj. 喧闹的；狂暴的；猛烈的
 - fierce, angry, violent, hard

Word: bartlett

Word: bulldog
Front: bulldog
[ˈbʊldɒg] (17791/20242)
Back: n. 斗牛犬
分布：手枪(36%)，顽固的(16%)，牛头狗(16%)，抓住牛角将牛摔倒(16%)，学监助理(16%)
US [-dɑ:g] noun countable
■a small dog that can be frightening and has a muscular body, short legs and a large square-shaped face 斗牛犬，牛头犬

Word: collier
Front: collier
[ˈkɒliə(r)] (36560/16210)
Back: n. 矿工，运煤船，煤船员
分布：运煤船(55%)，煤矿工人(45%)
→来自coal, 煤，煤炭。
US ['kɑ:.ljɚ] noun countable formal
■a coal miner
■* a ship used for carrying coal 运煤船
n. 矿工； [船] 运煤船
 - miner, pitman

Word: centric
Front: centric
['sentrɪk] (39430/-)
Back: adj. 中心的，中央的
分布：中心的(75%)，中央的(25%)
adj. [解剖] 中央的，中心的
 - nuclear, mid

Word: commandeer
Front: commandeer
[ˌkɒmənˈdɪə(r)] (18316/19108)
Vocabulary: commandeer
(once / 7234 pages)
v
What is that person doing, interrupting everyone and changing the subject every minute? He is trying to commandeer, or take control, of the conversation.
You can probably tell from the look of the word that commandeer is somehow related to commander in meaning. A commander is someone who is officially in charge, giving orders and making decisions for a group such as a nation or a military. Many groups don't have a commander, but this doesn't stop some people from trying to take charge. If you commandeer something — whether it's a car or a conversation — you use force to try to take over.
WORD FAMILY
commandeer: commandeered, commandeering, commandeers
USAGE EXAMPLES
She purchased a kilometre of fibre-optic cable and commandeered her farm tractor to dig a trench.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Both were as simple as it gets: The attackers commandeered trucks and plowed them into crowds of pedestrians.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
She said he then commandeered a luggage tug and drove across a taxiway.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 征用; 强占
时态：commandeered, commandeering, commandeers
分布：霸占(77%)，没收(23%)
→来自command, 命令。后用于军事术语。
【记】command命令，权力，deer鹿：有权力的鹿都是一些强壮的雄鹿，它们不但可以抢占地盘，而且可以征用若干个老婆。
US [ˌkɑ:.mən'dɪr] verb transitive
■to take possession of or control private property by force or for military use 霸占；强征；征用
vt. 征用；霸占，没收；强取
 - grab, expropriate

Word: cookery
Front: cookery
[ˈkʊkəri] (24184/9004 -1)
Back: n. 烹饪学，烹饪术; 烹调业; <美>厨房
分布：烹调术(65%)，烹调法(35%)
US [-ɚ-] UK
noun uncountable
■the skill or activity of preparing and cooking food 烹饪术；烹调
• cookery classes 烹饪课
• cookery books 烹饪书

Word: crick
Front: crick
[krɪk] (30238/25119)
Vocabulary: crick
(once / 20700 pages)
nv
If you have a crick, it means there's a cramp or a painful stiffness in your neck. You might wake with a crick in your neck after sleeping in an uncomfortable position.
Staring up at the stars might give you a crick in your neck, and so might traveling a long time on a bus or in a car, or any other activity that limits the movement of your head and neck. You might also end a challenging yoga class with a crick in your neck. Experts aren't sure where crick comes from, though it may be onomatopœic, echoing the sound of a creaking joint.
WORD FAMILY
crick: cricked, cricking, cricks
USAGE EXAMPLES
All that craning your neck while seated can give you a crick.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
“Just kids I found along the crick bank,” Grandma said, to our surprise.
Richard Peck, A Long Way from Chicago(1998)
“We wanted them to go out and fall into the crick and stuff like that,” Smith says.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 06, 2016)
Back: n. 急性硬直，肌肉抽筋
vt. 引起痉挛
时态：cricked, cricking, cricks
分布：痛性痉挛(67%)，使痉挛(33%)
→词源不确定，可能来自cramp, 抽筋。
noun countable
■a painful, usually sudden stiffness in a group of muscles in the neck or back （颈部或背部的）痛性痉挛
• I got a crick in my neck from painting the ceiling. 我刷天花板时脖子抽筋了。

Word: conformity
Front: conformity
[kənˈfɔ:məti] (研六托宝 11474/8985 -1)
Vocabulary: conformity
(once / 1112 pages)
n
If all your friends wear jeans to school and you wear checkered slacks, you could say you reject conformity — doing the same thing as everyone else.
Conformity usually refers to people's behavior or looks, but it can also be used to describe something that matches the form of something else — for example, a one-story house built in conformity to the low-slung buildings that surround it. It's common for conformity to follow the word in.
WORD FAMILY
conformity: conformities, nonconformity +/Nonconformist: Nonconformists/ conform: conformable, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformism, conformity, conforms/ conformable: conformably, unconformable/conformance: nonconformance/ conformation: conformations/conforming: nonconforming/conformism: conformist, nonconformism/ conformist: conformists, unconformist/nonconformism: Nonconformist, nonconformist / nonconformist: nonconformists/ nonconformity: nonconformities/unconformable: unconformably
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are no stars among the Rockettes; their currency is conformity.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Political skills and conformity are valued more highly.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
High style is an expression of character that resists conformity; you can’t buy it with a click.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 符合; 一致; 遵从; 依照
分布：符合(61%)，一致(36%)，遵守(3%)
一致,相符(conform+ity)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
US [-'fɔ:r.mə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■behaviour that follows the usual standards which are expected by a group or society 循规蹈矩
• It's depressing how much conformity there is in such young children. 这么小的孩子就唯唯诺诺，真是令人沮丧。
n. 一致，适合；符合；相似
 - accordance, unity, agreement, identity, consensus

Word: contrition
Front: contrition
[kən'trɪʃn] (宝 20856/33381)
Vocabulary: contrition
(once / 2927 pages)
n
In the truest sense, contrition is feeling sorry for committing a religious sin and being scared about the consequences. But anyone can feel general contrition for something they've done wrong.
Contrition is a strong, powerful feeling that people get when they've done something wrong. Originally, this feeling came from having sinned and a fear of going to hell for it. But over the years, the idea of contrition has gotten broader. Anyone can feel contrition if they do something wrong, whether it's a tiny thing like littering or a huge thing like murdering. If you did wrong and feel bad about it, you're feeling contrition — you're contrite.
WORD FAMILY
contrition: contritions
USAGE EXAMPLES
His expression was solemn as I walked toward him, expecting at the very least an unconvincing performance of contrition.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Carroll then said he was surprised that Sherman hadn’t shown more contrition in his press conference.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The moody contrition of his recent run as Batman seem to be fitting him more and more.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 悔罪，抱愧，痛悔
分布：痛悔(64%)，悔罪(36%)

Word: debase
Front: debase
[dɪˈbeɪs] (宝 22355/22131)
Vocabulary: debase
(once / 1656 pages)
v
To debase something is to make it corrupt or impure. If your lemonade stand sells “pure lemonade,” you’d insist on using real lemons instead of a mix; using a mix would debase your product.
Debase is often used in the context of two things: coins and people. To debase a coin is to replace some of the precious metal in the coin with metal of lesser value. To debase a person is to corrupt them, often by driving them to perform an immoral act like (gasp!) using the lemonade mix. Just promise us you won’t do it.
WORD FAMILY
debase: debased, debasement, debaser, debases, debasing+/debasement: debasements/debaser: debasers/debasing: debasingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Douglas Murray, an associate editor at The Spectator magazine, says the word is so debased in reality it only conveys one impression.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
He is the grotesque embodiment of how Westworld debases a man over time, and “The Bicameral Mind” laughs heartily at his demise.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Now we’re to honor a president who made a career of debasing the presidency?
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 降低质量（地位、价格等）; 降低（硬币的）价值，贬值
时态：debased, debasing, debases
分布：贬低(88%)，降低质量、地位或价值(12%)
→de-, 向下。base, 低，贱，词源同 base metal. 即使低贱，败坏名誉。
降低[bas,base=low,foundation,表示"低下,基础"]
【记】de向下，base低－低下去－贬低
【参】basement（n 地下室）；basis（n 基础）
【反】debased（adj 贬低的）－ennobled（adj 使高贵的）deification（n 神化）－debasement（n 贬低）
verb transitive
■to reduce the quality or value of something 使堕落；贬低
• Some argue that money has debased football. 有人说金钱腐蚀了足球运动。
• Our world view has become debased. We no longer have a sense of the sacred. 我们的世界观堕落了，我们不再具有神圣感。
debase the coinage/currency
■to lower the value of a coin by making it from a less valuable metal （透过掺杂非贵重金属）降低硬币的价值
vt. 降低；使…贬值；掺杂
 - lower down, bring down

Word: discontented
Front: discontented
[ˌdɪskənˈtentɪd] (六托 25337/19350)
Back: adj. 不满的，不满足的
分布：不满意的(82%)，动词discontent的过去式和过去分词(18%)
adj. 不满的；不满意的
 - malcontented, disgruntled

Word: disfigure
Front: disfigure
[dɪsˈfɪgə(r)] (托宝 18538/18695 -1)
Vocabulary: disfigure
(once / 1396 pages)
v
To disfigure something is to ruin its appearance, which is what would happen if you drew a big bushy mustache and a pair of antennae on the Mona Lisa.
Unfortunately, disfigured people are almost always portrayed in the media as villains, or victims. The word does suggest a negative view of someone (after all, it doesn't just mean changing way something looks but specifically spoiling it). Organizations for disfigured people, however, like Changing Faces in England, have claimed the word as their own and use it proudly.
WORD FAMILY
disfigure: disfiguration, disfigured, disfigurement, disfigures, disfiguring+/disfiguration: disfigurations/disfigurement: disfigurements/figuration: figurations/ figurative: figuratively, nonfigurative/ figure: disfigure, figuration, figurative, figured, figureed, figurer, figures, figuring, prefigure, subfigure/figurer: figurers/figuring: figurings/prefiguration: prefigurations/ prefigure: prefiguration, prefigurative, prefigured, prefigures, prefiguring
USAGE EXAMPLES
They even disfigured one girl’s thumbprints so she couldn’t be checked against the identity of the victim she was supposed to impersonate.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
It was only 12 years ago that Ukraine’s eventual president became disfigured after he mysteriously ingested a lethal poison while campaigning against a pro-Moscow candidate.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
In 2014, she pleaded guilty to attacking a woman who was left with a disfigured nose.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 损毁…的外形，使变丑; 损毁
时态：disfigured, disfiguring, disfigures
分布：使丑陋(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。figure, 形象，身材。
【记】figure（n 外形；轮廓；图形；数字）
US [-jɚ] verb transitive
■to spoil the appearance of something or someone, especially their face, completely 损毁…的外观；使毁容
• She was horribly disfigured by burns. 她的脸因烧伤而变得惨不忍睹。
• This part of the old town has been disfigured by ugly new buildings. 老城的这一地区已经被丑陋的新建筑搞得面目全非了。

Word: formative
Front: formative
[ˈfɔ:mətɪv] (托宝 11818/10102 -1)
Vocabulary: formative
(once / 5724 pages)
nadj
Formative is a word that describes something that made you who you are. You might call your adolescence your formative years because that time period had such a strong influence on the rest of your life.
The word form means “to shape.” Something that is formative is capable of shaping or molding something or someone. A formative experience is one that strongly influenced you, like the first time you went to the beach and decided, from that day, that you wanted to become a world-class surfer. Formative can also describe an organism that is able to form new cells. In linguistics, the noun formative is a small language unit that can help shape or form a word.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
formidable / formative
Formidable describes a foe you're slightly afraid of, but formative describes what formed you. Perhaps a formidable gymteacher scared the pants off you during your formative years in grade school, and now you're a world-class athlete. (Or a bookworm, depending on how you react to formidable foes.)
If you're a software designer, Microsoft is a formidable opponent. Such an enemy is one you dread, or perhaps respect or are awed by, because of its power, size, or capabilities. If you have a formidable vocabulary, you have a lot of words to choose from:
"A really formidable fighter can be worth more than a horse," he said. (New York Times)
Temple turned out to be more formidable than most expected. (Washington Post)
Heath Shuler is taking on an even more formidable opponent: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. (Knoxville News)
Something formative shapes or forms a person or thing. Your early years are generally considered formative because they greatly influence who you are. Let's form an idea from some examples:
Psychologists have always stressed the formative influence of parents, but siblings have been studied less. (New York Times)
Marc Webb's film explores the formative years of Peter Parker, previously played on screen by Tobey Maguire. (BBC)
Naturally, he has formative memories built around the intersection of the team with his life. (Seattle Times)
Remember: your formative period was when you were learning to become a formidable foe for words with unruly definitions. And mean gym teachers.
WORD FAMILY
formative: formatively, formatives+/deform: deformation, deformed, deforming, deforms/deformation: deformational, deformations/deformed: deformedly, deformity / deformity: deformities/ form: biform, deform, formation, formative, formed, forming, formless, forms, multiform, preform, reform / formation: formations, re-formation/formed: ill-formed, re-formed, unformed/formless: formlessly/preform: preformation, preformed, preforms/preformation: preformations/ reform: reformable, reformation, reformative, reformatory, reformed, reformer, reforming, reformism, reforms/reformable: unreformable/ reformation: counterreformation, reformations, self-reformation/reformatory: reformatories/ reformed: reformedly, unreformed/reformer: reformers/reformism: reformist/reformist: reformists/unformed: unformedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, her being so close to both of you from a formative age means she’s not just your buddy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
“The survey finds that Americans are primarily bound together by their generation and the major events that occurred during their formative years,” the report states.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
It was an episode so formative that the poet recounted it at length in his Nobel acceptance speech in 1971.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 形成的; 造型的; [语]构词用的
n. 构词要素; 用构词要素构成的词
分布：形成的(76%)，影响发展的(12%)，造形的(12%)
US ['fɔ:r.mə.tˌɪv] adjective formal
■relating to the time when someone or something is starting to develop in character 形成的；发展的；性格形成时期的
• She spent her formative years in Africa. 她在非洲渡过了性格形成时期。
• a formative experience 性格形成时期的一段经历
• a formative period 性格形成时期
adj. 形成的；造型的；格式化的
 - plastic, emerging

Word: industrious
Front: industrious
[ɪnˈdʌstriəs] (六托宝 18792/18457)
Vocabulary: industrious
(once / 613 pages)
adj
If someone comments that you are very industrious, they are complimenting you for working hard and tirelessly. You can have the evening to yourself if you're industrious enough during the afternoon to get your homework and chores done.
The word industrious is closely related to the word industry, used for both the quality of being hardworking, “He is a model of industry,” as well as a field of business, "the construction industry." It might help to remember the Industrial Revolution, the time when machinery was introduced to the manufacturing world. If you're industrious, you work as hard as machines do!
WORD FAMILY
industrious: industriously, industriousness+/ industrial: industrialer, industrialise, industrialism, industrialize, industrially, nonindustrial, postindustrial/industrialise: industrialisation, industrialised/industrialism: industrialisms, industrialist/industrialist: industrialists/ industrialization: industrializations/industrialize: industrialization, industrialized, industrializes, industrializing/industrialized: unindustrialized/ industry: industrial, industries, industrious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our B&B in Vinales was a thriving little business for our industrious host family.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What I mostly noticed were children working, being industrious, trying to find productive ways to live in a miserable environment and to survive.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
In the United States, this will examine the surfeit of athletic, industrious midfielders and defenders, and the absence — Christian Pulisic aside — of creative, imaginative prospects.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 勤劳的，勤奋的; 勤恳的，刻苦的; 昧旦晨兴; 手勤
分布：勤劳的(59%)，勤奋的(41%)
→来自industry,勤奋。
adjective
■having the characteristic of regularly working hard 勤劳的，勤奋的
• an industrious worker 勤劳的工人
• She's extremely competent and industrious. 她非常勤奋、能干。
industrious, industrial
industrious: 勤劳的，勤奋的。如：He is an industrious student.(他是个用功的学生。)
industrial: 工业的，产业的。如：Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成为工业国。)
industrious, diligent
这组词都有“勤奋的”的意思，其区别是：
industrious: 指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。
diligent: 多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋。
adj. 勤勉的
 - diligent, hard-working

Word: inflammation
Front: inflammation
[ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn] (宝 9195/9326 -1)
Vocabulary: inflammation
(once / 1200 pages)
n
An inflammation means "setting something on fire." Maybe it's a political movement that suddenly takes hold, romantic feelings, the heat making your shoes feel tight, or someone lighting a campfire.
Inflammation comes from the root inflame, from the Latin word inflammare meaning "to set on fire with passion." That meaning sounds pretty good, but an inflammation on your face, like a terrible rash, probably isn't going to inflame anyone's passion, at least until the swelling goes down. It probably also causes pain and discomfort.
WORD FAMILY
inflammation: inflammations+/ flame: flame-colored, flamed, flames, flaming, inflame /flaming: flamingest, flamingly, flamings/ inflame: inflamed, inflames, inflaming, inflammation, inflammatory /inflamed: inflamedly/inflaming: inflamings/ inflammatory: anti-inflammatory, inflammatorily, noninflammatory, pro-inflammatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to tame inflammation, is an option, too.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The theory is that moisturizers “seal” a baby’s skin against some invader that triggers inflammation.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We might be able to activate the inflammation in a controlled manner that actually works,” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [医]炎症; 燃烧; 发火
分布：炎症(76%)，发炎(21%)，激动(2%)，燃烧(1%)
→来自inflame,燃烧，激怒。用于指发炎，炎症。
【反】mollification（n 缓和）
noun countable or uncountable
■a red, painful and often swollen area in or on a part of your body 炎（症）
• Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation. 阿司匹林可缓解疼痛和炎症。
• an inflammation of the eye/toe/ear 眼睛／脚趾／耳朵发炎
n. [病理] 炎症； [医] 发炎； [热] 燃烧；发火
 - combustion, burning

Word: lyon
Front: lyon
[ˈlaiən] (-/15850)
Back: n. <苏格兰>司纹章大臣
分布：苏格兰纹章院长官(100%)

Word: intransigent
Front: intransigent
[ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒənt] (宝 23753/21604 -1)
Vocabulary: intransigent
(once / 10924 pages)
adj
Intransigent means inflexible, stubborn, entrenched. Argue all you like with an intransigent three-year-old. He will never back down from the position that he wants the lollipop NOW.
Trans has to do with movement — think transportation, or a package in transit, i.e. "on the way." The in- of intransigent means "not," so something or someone who is intransigent is not moving. If one political party wants to raise funds to improve schools but the other is intransigent on the subject of higher taxes, the debate will get nowhere.
WORD FAMILY
intransigent: intransigence, intransigency, intransigently
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the clock strikes midnight and she must return to California, she presses her husband for that divorce but Thorpe remains intransigent.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
During the meeting, Evans bristled at suggestions that the District was being intransigent by refusing to support the two-year plan.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Misogyny on the Internet has proved notoriously intransigent.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不妥协的，不让步的
n. 不妥协的人，不让步者
分布：不妥协的人(82%)，不妥协性的(18%)
→in-,不，非，-transig,转给，妥协，词源同transact,transigent.
【记】transigent（adj 妥协的）trans交换，gen产生，t它（合同）：通过交换产生合同－因为妥协了。参：transfer（v 转移）
【反】open to compromise（寻求和解）；tractable（adj 易驾驭的）
[ɪn'træn.zɪ.dʒənt] [-'trɑ:n-] formal
adjective
■refusing to be persuaded, especially refusing to change opinions that are strongly believed in 固执的，不妥协的，不让步的
• Unions claim that the management continues to maintain an intransigent position. 工会称资方继续坚持拒不让步的立场。
adj. 不妥协的；不让步的
 - uncompromising, no-compromise

Word: mince
Front: mince
[mɪns] (托宝 8153/12831 -1)
Vocabulary: mince
(once / 1360 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
To mince is to chop into tiny bits. Your favorite soup recipe might include directions to mince four cloves of garlic.
When you dice an onion into very small pieces, you mince it, and when you grind meat very fine to make sausage or mincemeat, you also mince. Another meaning of the verb is to soften, or to express something in a gentle way: "She does mince her words when she talks to shy kindergarteners." The Old French root, mincier, means "make into small pieces," and it comes from the Latin word for "small," minutus.
WORD FAMILY
mince: minced, mincer, minces, mincing +/mincer: mincers/ mincing: mincingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sweat the onion, minced garlic, red pepper flakes and paprika for 3 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Here she uses stout, along with whole grain mustard, garlic, minced thyme, malt vinegar, grated Parmesan and soy sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
My latest iteration contains broken bits of mince pies and sultanas plumped in brandy.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 切碎，剁碎; 委婉的说
vi. 碎步走; 装腔作势地说
n. 绞碎的肉，肉末
时态：minced, mincing, minces
分布：肉馅(45%)，切碎(29%)，切碎物(12%)，小步走路(7%)，粉碎(7%)
→来自古法语mincier,使成碎片，来自拉丁语minutus,小的，词源同minute,minus.引申词义绞肉，后用于形容人的装模作样，矫揉造作。
【记】min小，ce－切小，切碎－碎步走
【参】minute（adj 微小的）；minutia（n 细微末节）；mincing（adj 碎步走的，装腔作势的）；miniature（n 缩小的模型；adj 微型的）
noun uncountable UK (US ground beef)
■meat, usually beef , which has been cut up into very small pieces 剁碎的（牛）肉，（牛）肉末
[mɪnts] verb
WALK 走
intransitive
■to walk in an artificial way, with small delicate steps 假斯文地迈着小步走
• He minced across the room in a pair of tight pink trousers. 他穿着紧身粉红色裤子，扭扭捏捏地迈着小步穿过那个房间。
[mɪnts] verb
MEAT 肉
transitive
■to cut meat, or other food, into very small pieces, sometimes using a special machine 切碎，剁碎，绞碎
• Mince two pounds of chicken finely. 把两磅鸡肉细细剁碎。
[mɪnts] verb
not mince (your) words
■to say what you mean clearly and directly, even if you upset people by doing this 直截了当地说，直言不讳
• The report does not mince words, describing the situation as 'ludicrous'. 这篇报道没有婉转措辞，而是直接把事态描述为“荒唐”。
vt. 切碎；矫揉做作地说
 - to chop, to cut up
vi. 装腔作势；碎步走
 - assume, attitudinize

Word: mire
Front: mire
[ˈmaɪə(r)] (雅宝 13062/19852)
Vocabulary: mire
(once / 1220 pages)
nv
A mire is mushy ground like quicksand, so if you feel yourself trapped in a sticky situation, consider yourself mired. One gets mired IN something — like in a dispute or in a love triangle.
Mire still has its original, though less-used, sense of a slushy, muddy bit of land that gives way underfoot, also known as a quagmire. One of the most famous mires in literary history was the one haunted by the Hound of the Baskervilles in Conan Doyle's classic. Have the fibs you told your beloved come back to haunt you? You're stuck in a mire then, a treacherous situation it's going to be pretty hard to squirm out of.
WORD FAMILY
mire: mired, mires, miring, miry+/miry: mirily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw his fellow-citizens as being naturally bathetic—striving for spiritual grandeur while ultimately mired in everyday, material concerns.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The same reasoning might apply to the Afghan government, which is mired in political crisis and a long-running war.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
The Sounders were mired in ninth place in the Western Conference at 6-12-2.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. <尤文>泥潭
vt. & vi. 深陷
时态：mired, miring, mires
分布：泥沼(51%)，困境(37%)，泥泞(12%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*miuzja,沼泽，来自meus,泥沼，污泥，词源同moss,mysophobia.
【记】mi密，re热：又密又热的地方－沼泽；困境。
【反】extricate（v 使解脱；救出；使(气体)游离；放出）
US [maɪr] noun
WET EARTH 泥沼
countable usually singular
■an area of deep wet sticky earth 泥潭；沼泽；泥沼
UK [maɪər] US [maɪr] noun
BAD SITUATION 困境
only singular literary
■an unpleasant situation which is difficult to escape 困境
• We must not be drawn into the mire of civil war. 我们一定不能被拖进内战的泥潭中。
n. 泥潭； [地理] 泥沼
 - moss
vi. 陷于泥坑；陷入困境
 - get into hot water, get into a jam
vt. 使陷于泥坑；使陷入困境
 - embog

Word: midwife
Front: midwife
[ˈmɪdwaɪf] (11764/12197 -1)
Vocabulary: midwife
(once / 3395 pages)
n
A midwife is someone whose job involves helping women give birth to babies. Some pregnant women get their prenatal care from a midwife, as well as delivering their babies with a midwife's help.
There are different categories of midwives — lay midwives attend home births, and nurse midwives also assist birthing women at hospitals and birth centers. In either case, a midwife is trained to understand the process of birth and techniques to make it easier and safe for mothers and newborn babies. Midwife literally means "woman who is with," or "woman assisting," from the Middle English mid, "with," and wif, "woman."
WORD FAMILY
midwife: midwifery, midwives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Evelyn, a midwife, delivered babies for the Indian Health Service.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He works at a coin-op laundry, while his wife, 49, is a babysitter, a midwife and a nanny.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rachael Moss, a bereavement support midwife at Northampton General Hospital, said the little cots are a lifeline.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 接生婆; 助产士
v. 接生; [喻]协助…的产生
分布：助产士(82%)，接生婆(18%)
→mid-,伴随，相伴，wife,女人。用于指古代的接生婆，现在的助产士。
noun countable (plural midwives)
■a person, usually a woman, who is trained to help women when they are giving birth 助产士，接生员；产婆
vt. 助胎儿出生；促成
 - catalyse

Word: outwit
Front: outwit
[ˌaʊtˈwɪt] (托宝 20442/18706)
Vocabulary: outwit
(once / 2558 pages)
v
Use the verb outwit to describe using your brain to beat an opponent, like outwitting someone by figuring out the answer to a difficult riddle.
Wit comes from the Old English word witan, which means "to know." So someone who outwits another person knows more — or at least knows more than the person thought. You can outwit someone with clever words, or with craftiness on the playing field. An unexpected strategy can help one side outwit the other on the battlefield.
WORD FAMILY
outwit: outwits, outwitted, outwitting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Booth outwitted a slave-catcher hired by the federal government, freed the slave, and aided him in escaping to Canada.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Now she has Hector on her side, although it remains to be seen if she can outwit Ford.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
It was an outsider’s jibe against the supposed Washington beltway dummies being outwitted by Mexico’s machiavellian masterminds.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 以智取胜，以计击败
时态：outwitted, outwitting, outwits
分布：瞒骗(57%)，以智取胜(43%)
→out-,超过，wit,智慧。
以机智取胜(out+wit机智→机智超出别人)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
【记】out出，wit机智一机智超出别人
[ˌaʊt'wɪt] (-tt-) (also outsmart)
verb transitive
■to get an advantage over someone by acting more cleverly and often by using a trick （智力上）超过，胜过；智胜
• In the story, the cunning fox outwits the hunters. 在这个故事里，狡猾的狐狸智胜了猎人。

Word: miscarriage
Front: miscarriage
[ˈmɪskærɪdʒ] (雅 13038/11700)
Vocabulary: miscarriage
(once / 3881 pages)
1n 2n
A miscarriage, in medical terms, is the birth of a fetus before it's able to live independently of its mother. In other words, a miscarriage is the abrupt, early end of a pregnancy.
The medical sense of miscarriage, which usually describes the very early loss of a pregnancy (later losses are often called stillbirths), is actually among the newer uses of the word. In the sixteenth century, a miscarriage was almost always a "mistake or error" or sometimes "misbehavior." Today, when something doesn't go the way it was supposed to, you might call it a miscarriage.
WORD FAMILY
miscarriage: miscarriages+/ carriage: carriages, undercarriage/ carrier: carriers/ carry: carriage, carried, carrier, carries, carrying, miscarry/miscarry: miscarriage, miscarried, miscarries, miscarrying/undercarriage: undercarriages
USAGE EXAMPLES
His son was too old for Mr Scully-Sloan to benefit from the help of miscarriage or stillbirth organisations.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
One miscarriage of justice, caused by one stubborn juror, would be easier to swallow if not for all the rest.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
But after a miscarriage, on the first day of every period I'm crippled with constant back and pelvic pain, and mini contractions.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 流产，早产; （信件等的）误投，误送; 失策，失败
分布：流产(86%)，失败(9%)，误投(4%)，误审误判(1%)
→来自miscarry,流产，-age,名词后缀。
US [-ˌker-] noun countable or uncountable
■an early unintentional end to a pregnancy when the baby is born too early and dies because it has not developed enough 流产
• The amniocentesis test carries a significant risk of miscarriage. 羊膜穿刺测试很可能会造成流产。
• I had two miscarriages before I gave birth to my daughter. 生我女儿之前，我曾两度流产。
Compare abortion ; stillbirth
n. [妇产] 流产；失败；误送
 - failure, loss, losing, defeat, reverse

Word: misfire
Front: misfire
[ˌmɪsˈfaɪə(r)] (26845/29531)
Back: vi. （指枪、发动机等）不发火，不启动; （指计划等）失败
n. 不发火，失败
时态：misfired, misfiring, misfires
分布：不奏效(58%)，发动不起来(42%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，fire,开火。即打偏，引申词义不奏效。
US [-'faɪr] verb intransitive
GUN 枪弹
■If a gun misfires, the bullet fails to come out. （枪弹）射不出，哑火
UK [ˌmɪs'faɪər] US [-'faɪr] verb intransitive
ENGINE 引擎
■When an engine misfires, the fuel inside it starts to burn at the wrong moment （引擎）无法启动，不能正常运行
• There was a loud bang, like the sound of an engine misfiring. 有一声巨响，像是引擎发动不起来的声音。
UK [ˌmɪs'faɪər] US [-'faɪr] verb intransitive
PLAN 计划
■If a plan misfires, it does not have the result that was intended （计划）未达到预期效果，未达到预期目的，失败
• The boy's death was the result of a practical joke that misfired. 男孩的死是由一场出了岔错的恶作剧造成。
vi. 失败； [电] [动力] 不发火
 - founder, come to naught
n. 失败； [电] [动力] 不发火
 - failure, loss, defeat, losing, reverse

Word: papacy
Front: papacy
[ˈpeɪpəsi] (20431/13457)
Vocabulary: papacy
(once / 2288 pages)
n
Use the noun papacy when you're talking about the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the particular authority he holds. The papacy supports reducing poverty, but it does not support women becoming priests.
The pope is the head of the Catholic Church in Rome, and his office or government is the papacy. You can use the word for official positions the church holds, or to talk about the history of a pope's term. For example, you might say, "The papacy of Pope Benedict XVI ended when he resigned." The root of papacy is the Latin papatia, "papal office," which comes from papa, or "pope."
WORD FAMILY
papacy: papacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pope Francis’ papacy reflects a world of mind-boggling complexity and diversity.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The premise: A young American is elected to the papacy.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
The papacy is no longer a lifetime job.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 罗马教皇职位，教皇的在位期间
分布：教皇任期(43%)，教皇制度(23%)，历代教皇之统称(23%)，教皇职位或权力(11%)
→来自papa,教皇。
n. 罗马教皇职位；教皇权；天主教会
 - western church, catholic church

Word: participatory
Front: participatory
[pɑ:ˌtɪsɪ'peɪtərɪ] (12949/21339)
Vocabulary: participatory
(once / 45459 pages)
adj
If something is participatory, it allows or requires you to participate, or join in. In high school, classes are participatory: they require you to join in by doing your homework and taking part in discussions.
Education research shows that participatory lessons, or lessons in which the students participate in their own learning, are more effective than direct instruction. For example, a participatory activity in which students take a classroom poll of favorite fruits and analyze what percentages of the class like which kinds is much more likely to stick with them than a non-participatory lecture on percentage.
WORD FAMILY
participate: participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory +/ participation: nonparticipation, participations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their latest album, Existentialism, is a collection of new songs recorded live in pubs to get that same rowdy, spontaneous, participatory ambience.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
“This new generation of insurrections draws its power from participatory, anti-authoritarian practices and a rejection of respectability politics,” Simons says.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
That’s the concept, in Seattle Immersive Theatre’s new participatory production.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 供人分享的
分布：参与的(69%)，供人分享的(31%)
ADJ
（体制、活动、角色）参与式的
A participatory system, activity, or role involves a particular person or group of people taking part in it.
例：Fishing is said to be the most popular participatory sport in the U.K...钓鱼据说是英国最受欢迎的参与式体育活动。
例：Studies have shown that women tend to be more participatory in their management style.研究表明，女性的管理风格往往具有更强的参与式特点。

Word: plural
Front: plural
[ˈplʊərəl] (研四六 18732/15661 -1)
Vocabulary: plural
(once / 843 pages)
adjn
When you talk about a plural, you're talking about more than one. The plural form of the word "goose" is "geese."
The word plural comes from the Old French plurel meaning "more than one," which is precisely how you would describe a plural form of something. In grammar, "the plural form" is used to describe more than one person, place or thing. Plurals can be tricky to master for people just learning English. There are the obvious ones where you just need to add an "s." Then, there are others: tooth, teeth; antenna, antennae; mouse, mice. The list goes on.
WORD FAMILY
plural: pluralise, pluralism, plurality, pluralize, plurally, plurals+/pluralise: pluralisation, pluralising/ pluralism: pluralist, pluralistic /pluralist: pluralists/ pluralistic: pluralistically/ plurality: pluralities/pluralize: pluralization, pluralized, pluralizes, pluralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vatican’s museum is so vast and diverse that it is a plural.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Data from Google Books show the plural word “elites” beginning to be used in about 1940, with the obviously pejorative “elitist” rising from about 1960.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
What might it be like for subjective experience to be plural — “we” and “not-we.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 复数的
n. 复数; 复数形式; 复数词
分布：复数(89%)，复数的(11%)
→来自拉丁语plus的所有格形式pluris,更多的，词源同plus,full.引申词义复数的，多元的。
a.复数的n.复数What is the plural of 'child' ?'"孩子"(一词)的复数形式是什么?
US ['plʊr.əl] noun countable or uncountable (written abbreviation pl)
 IMPROVER
■a word or form which expresses more than one 复数形式
• 'Geese' is the plural of 'goose'. geese 是 goose 的复数形式。
• 'Woman' in the plural is 'women'. woman 的复数形式是 women。
Compare singular
UK ['plʊə.rəl] US ['plʊr.əl] adjective
DIFFERENT 不同的 formal
■consisting of a lot of different races or types of people or of different things 多样的，多元的
• We need to recognize that we are now living in a plural society. 我们必须意识到我们现在生活在一个多元社会中。
■formal
■for or relating to more than one person or thing 多数的，多种的
• Very few countries allow people to have plural citizenship (= citizenship of more than one country). 极少数几个国家允许公民拥有多重国籍。
UK ['plʊə.rəl] US ['plʊr.əl] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■of or relating to the form which expresses more than one 复数的
• 'Cattle' and 'trousers' are both plural nouns. cattle 和 trousers 均为复数名词。
n. [语] 复数
 - complex numbers, complexor

Word: roster
Front: roster
[ˈrɒstə(r)] (宝 6473/19578 -1)
Vocabulary: roster
(once / 1478 pages)
n
If you see your name on the roster of players for the new softball team, then congratulations! Better start practicing, because you’re on the list of players who made the team.
The word roster originally meant a list of the names, duties, and schedule of members of the military. That meaning is still in use, but today, a roster is more likely to be a list of players on your favorite team, a list of artists whose artwork appears regularly in a certain gallery, or a list of participants, such as an airline that posts its roster of flight crew members for the red-eye to Phoenix.
WORD FAMILY
roster: rosters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Del Rio said the key will be getting improved play from the rest of the roster.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Hennepin County Jail roster shows all three suspects were released from custody Monday.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Things only got worse with a depleted roster hurt by years of bad drafting and the lack of impact free agents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 花名册; 勤务簿; 登记簿
分布：花名册(92%)，值勤表(8%)
→来自荷兰语 rooster,表格，清单，来自中古荷兰语 roosten,烤，烧烤，词源同 roast.比喻用法， 因表格如同烧烤架而得名。
【记】roster原指烤肉的架子，因为烤架与被平行线分成表格的纸张有相似之处，所以引申为花名册。
【参】roast（v 烘烤）
US ['rɑ:.stɚ] mainly US
noun countable
■a list of people's names, often with the jobs they have been given to do 值勤表；勤务簿
• If you look on the duty roster, you'll see when you're working. 你看看勤务簿就知道甚么时候该你上班了。

Word: reimbursement
Front: reimbursement
[ˌri:ɪm'bɜ:smənt] (9788/16584)
Vocabulary: reimbursement
(once / 7976 pages)
n
A reimbursement is a repayment for money you've already spent. When you travel for work, you get a reimbursement for your work-related expenses, like hotel bills and plane tickets, but you'll have to pay for that trip to the circus yourself.
Reimbursement comes from the Latin root words re, meaning again; in, meaning into; and bursa, meaning purse. So the word reimbursement literally means in a purse again. After your parents' basement flooded, they paid to repair the damage and then got a reimbursement from the insurance company, so that they could put the money they spent in their purse again.
WORD FAMILY
reimbursement: reimbursements+/ reimburse: reimbursed, reimbursement, reimburses, reimbursing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first indictment charges O'dom with three counts of insurance fraud and three counts of wire fraud relating to reimbursements he sought from private insurers.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Foose wants to hire more minorities, she says, and the system offers programs such as tuition reimbursement and scholarships for aspiring teachers from low-income families.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The reductions in uncompensated care are largely being offset by reductions in federal Medicare reimbursement, said Sauer and other executives.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 退还，偿还; 补偿; 赔偿
分布：偿还(46%)，偿付(28%)，赔偿(26%)
N-VAR
赔付;偿付;赔偿
If you receive reimbursement for money that you have spent, you get your money back, for example because the money should have been paid by someone else.
例：She is demanding reimbursement for medical and other expenses...她正在索赔医药费和其他花费。
例：It can take up to six months before reimbursements are paid.最长要等6个月才能得到赔付。
n. 退还，偿还；赔偿
 - satisfaction, payment, repayment

Word: scissor
Front: scissor
['sɪzə] (宝 35098/41534)
Back: vt. （用剪刀）剪; 作剪式移动（尤指腿）
时态：scissored, scissoring, scissors
分布：剪刀(100%)
US [-ɚ] adjective [before noun]
■relating to or like scissors 剪刀的；剪刀似的
• a scissor blade 剪刀的刀刃
vt. 用剪刀剪；删去
 - cancel, stroke out
n. 剪刀
 - forfex, cutting tools

Word: skimp
Front: skimp
[skɪmp] (托宝 21812/21212)
Vocabulary: skimp
(once / 18972 pages)
v
The verb skimp refers to using a limited amount of something. When tomato prices are high, a cost-conscious restaurant might skimp on the amount of chopped tomatoes it puts on salads.
Skimp can also describe getting by spending very little money, like someone who skimps in order to save for the future. You can also skimp on time and effort, like when you skimp on the amount of care you put into your math homework. Skimp is likely a variation of scrimp, which means "to make too small" and comes from the Swedish word skrumpna, meaning "to shrink, shrivel up."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
scrimp / skimp
These words are two sides of the same coin: ways to get more or to make something go further. One side is about saving; the other is about spending less.
Scrimp is the saving side of the coin. As an adjective, it means meager, scanty. To scrimp is to be sparing with or thrifty; to save slowly and with difficulty.
Many arts and physical education programs landed on the chopping block, while schools often were forced to scrimp and improvise in bizarre ways.
And the university has been scrimping even on bare necessities--like vacuuming the floors.
Skimp, which most likely derives from scrimp, is the spending-less side of the coin. As an adjective, it also means meager or barely enough. To skimp is to give barely enough or to save by getting barely enough.
One came out just last week showing that people who skimp on sleep seem to have higher blood cholesterol than people who sleep more.
Although this should be a standard part of everyone's holiday preparation, too many people skimp on having time for themselves.
Yet the idiom is to scrimp and save. But, then, idioms do not necessarily mean the same as the sum of their parts:
But many indigent parents still scrimp and save just to send their children to school, hoping that their kids will have shot at success.
The difference between scrimp and skimp is slight, and if the news media is any indication, even that is disappearing quickly.
WORD FAMILY
skimp: skimped, skimping, skimps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yahoo offers a cautionary tale to companies that, facing a turnaround or pressure to keep costs down, opt to skimp on security budgets.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
It even skimps on those two assets, holding them back for a franchise that may never exist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The only way that skimping ever does: higher bills, user fees, and hidden government subsidies.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 少用; 少给; 克扣; 节省
时态：skimped, skimping, skimps
分布：克扣(35%)，节省(25%)，舍不得给(15%)，不足的(10%)，少的(10%)，敷衍(5%)
→可能改写自 scrimp,节省，吝惜。
【记】源于：scrimp（v 过度缩减）skim撇去，p屁股：人家管你借钱，你只是给p－吝啬
verb intransitive or transitive
■to not spend enough time or money on something, or to not use enough of something in order to do a job or activity as it should be done 节俭，节约；吝啬
• Many old people skimp on food and heating in order to meet their bills. 许多老人俭省度日，节省食物和暖气费用以支付他们的账单。
• When choosing an overseas package tour, do not skimp. 选择海外包办旅行时不要吝啬。
vt. 克扣；对…不够用心；舍不得给；少给
 - begrudge
vi. 节省；不够用心
 - save, economize on
adj. 少的；不足的
 - small, short, insufficient, deficient, lacking

Word: sordid
Front: sordid
[ˈsɔ:dɪd] (宝 16187/14240 -1)
Vocabulary: sordid
(once / 1060 pages)
adj
Describe a person's actions as sordid if they are so immoral or unethical that they seem dirty. Think of the worst parts of a bad soap opera!
Sordid comes from the Latin word sordes "dirt." Something that is filthy or run down such as a neighborhood or someone's living conditions can be called sordid, but it is usually used figuratively to mean immoral or dishonest. If you want to hear the sordid details of someone's actions, it's because they were extremely dishonest or sexually immoral and also because they were supposed to be kept a secret.
WORD FAMILY
sordid: sordidest, sordidly, sordidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a sordid start, the defense held the 49ers to 99 yards in the final three quarters.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s the latest sign of how voice-enabled artificial intelligence is becoming enmeshed in the fabric of daily life — even in its most sordid aspects.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In Ms. Trump’s case, she demanded a retraction and apology from Mr. Tarpley, who published his sordid blog post on Aug. 2.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 肮脏的; 污秽的; 卑鄙的; 邋遢的
分布：肮脏的(58%)，卑鄙的(34%)，不诚实的(4%)，破烂的(4%)
→来自拉丁语 sordere,变得肮脏，来自 sordes,肮脏，污秽，来自 swordo,黑的，脏的，词源 同 swarthy,黝黑的。
【记】读：搔did－骚人做的事－勾引别人的老公－肮脏的，卑鄙的
【反】wholesome（adj 卫生的；健康的）
US ['sɔ:r-] adjective
DIRTY 脏的
■dirty and unpleasant 肮脏的，邋遢的
• There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city's poorer areas. 该市的落后地区有很多极其肮脏的公寓。
UK ['sɔ:.dɪd] US ['sɔ:r-] adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的
■immoral and shocking 不道德的，不诚实的，卑鄙的
• He told me he'd had an affair but he spared me the sordid details. 他告诉我他有了外遇，但没有告诉我其中龌龊的细节。
adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的；利欲熏心的；色彩暗淡的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: shambolic
Front: shambolic
[ʃæmˈbɒlɪk] (-/35617)
Back: adj. 大混乱的
分布：大混乱的(100%)
→来自 shamble,肉摊，混乱，-ic,形容词后缀。
US [-'bɑ:.lɪk] UK informal
adjective
■confused and badly organized 混乱的；杂乱的
• Things are often a bit shambolic at the beginning of the school year. 学年刚开始的时候，事情往往有点混乱。
• Anna is far too shambolic to be able to run a business. 安娜做事太缺乏头绪，经营不了公司。
adj. 大混乱的；无组织的
 - amorphous, unorganized

Word: torpor
Front: torpor
[ˈtɔ:pə(r)] (托宝 27731/22749)
Vocabulary: torpor
(once / 3656 pages)
n
Torpor is a state of mental and physical inactivity. "After a huge Thanksgiving meal, my family members fall into a torpor; no one can even pick up the TV remote."
Torpor can be used in everyday speech, but it's also a scientific term for a state of deep sleep that allows animals to conserve energy. Certain species of bats, birds, and frogs rely on torpor for survival during tough times. While humans don't technically belong to this group of animals, they certainly appear to, especially after a large meal and on most Monday mornings.
WORD FAMILY
torpor: torpors
USAGE EXAMPLES
So when faced with a crisis of legitimacy, institutional torpor and habit prevent it from rising to the occasion.
Salon(Nov 28, 2016)
I was thrashing around for something that could get me out of the shocked torpor I felt after the election results dropped.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
Deflation is often a symptom of economic torpor.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 麻木; 麻痹; 迟钝; （动物的）冬眠
分布：麻木(65%)，不活泼(21%)，无感觉(14%)
→来自拉丁语 torpere,使麻木，使迟钝，来自 ster,僵硬，固化，词源同 sterile,stereotype.
【记】源于：torpid（adj 懒散的）
【反】extreme excitability（特别激动）；zeal（n 热心）；alertness（n 警戒）；animation（n 活泼）；ebullience（n 沸腾；热情洋溢）；ardor（n 热诚）
US ['tɔ:r.pɚ] (also torpidity]tɔ:'pɪd.ə.ti] US [tɔ:r'pɪd.ə.tˌi/)
noun uncountable formal
■ inactivity 不活跃；萎靡；迟钝
specialized
■the state of reduced activity that some animals experience during the winter （冬季动物的）蛰伏
n. 不活泼；麻木；懒散，迟缓
 - anesthesia, numbness

Word: supranational
Front: supranational
[ˌsu:prəˈnæʃnəl] (24333/26805)
Back: adj. 超国家的，超民族的
分布：超国家的(90%)，超名族的(10%)
超国家的[supra-表示"超…]
adjective
■involving more than one country; having power or authority which is greater than that of single countries 多国的；超国家的
• NATO is a supranational organization. 北大西洋公约组织是一个超国家组织。
adj. 超国家的；超民族的
 - supernational

Word: unforgiving
Front: unforgiving
[ˌʌnfəˈgɪvɪŋ] (15571/19747)
Back: adj. 不可宽恕的，不能原谅的
分布：不原谅的(75%)，不可宽恕的(25%)
ADJ
不宽容的；不原谅人的
If you describe someone as unforgiving, you mean that they are unwilling to forgive other people.
例：He was an unforgiving man who never forgot a slight...他斤斤计较，很不大度。
例：He finds human foibles endearing, but is unforgiving of pretension.他觉得人性的弱点很可爱，但不能容忍惺惺作态。
ADJ-GRADED
（形势或活动）无情的，难以应付的，不利的
If you describe a situation or activity as unforgiving, you mean that it causes a lot of people to experience great difficulty or failure, even people who deserve to succeed.
例：Business is a competitive activity. It is very fierce and very unforgiving.商场如战场，竞争激烈，不近人情。

Word: totalitarianism
Front: totalitarianism
[təʊˌtælə'teərɪənɪzəm] (16750/23684)
Vocabulary: totalitarianism
(once / 20592 pages)
n
If the government has complete and absolute power over the people, that's totalitarianism. This is a repressive, unfree type of society.
We live in a democracy, where the people have a say and elect officials. The opposite is totalitarianism: a totalitarian society is usually ruled by a dictator, and there is very little or no freedom. In totalitarianism, the government controls almost every aspect of life. There is no free speech or freedom of the press: certain religions and ideas may be banned. George Orwell's novel 1984 was a brilliant look at a world of totalitarianism.
WORD FAMILY
totalitarianism: totalitarianisms+/ totalitarian: totalitarianism, totalitarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
During his campaign, Mr Fillon declared that “the enemy is Islamic totalitarianism” and called for “strict” immigration controls.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Mr Fillon has sounded a tough note on immigration, warned about “Islamic totalitarianism” and voted against the legalisation of gay marriage.
Economist(Nov 27, 2016)
With his wild beard, olive-green military fatigues, darkly petulant good looks and trademark cigars, El Comandante became the anachronistically glamorous face of leftwing totalitarianism.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 极权主义
分布：极权主义(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
极权主义
Totalitarianism is the ideas, principles, and practices of totalitarian political systems.

Word: tui

Word: troupe
Front: troupe
[tru:p] (研托雅宝 11543/16383 -1)
Back: n. 剧团，戏班子; 一班，一团
vi. 巡回演出
分布：巡回演出(62%)，一班(38%)
→来自法语 troupe,团队，队伍，词源同 troop.引申词义演员团队，表演队伍，表演团。
【记】源于：troop（n 部队）或group（n 团体）
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of performers such as singers or dancers who work and travel together （巡回）剧团，戏班子，表演队
• She joined a dance troupe and travelled all over Europe. 她参加了一个巡回舞蹈团，足迹遍布整个欧洲。
• A troupe of dancers from Beijing is one of the leading attractions in the festival. 来自北京的舞蹈团是艺术节中最有吸引力的部分之一。
n. 剧团；一班；一团
 - gout, wodge
vi. 巡回演出
 - road show

Word: unimportant
Front: unimportant
[ˌʌnɪmˈpɔ:tnt] (高 12727/9487 -K1)
Back: adj. 不重要的; 琐细的; 平凡的; 不要紧
分布：不重要的(100%)
US [-'pɔ:r-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not important 不重要的，无足轻重的
• Staffing is still a relatively unimportant issue compared to the other problems that we're encountering. 与我们面对的其他难题相比，员工问题相对而言无足轻重。
adj. 不重要的；琐碎的
 - small, trivial

Word: utterance
Front: utterance
[ˈʌtərəns] (托 12135/4891 -1)
Vocabulary: utterance
(once / 404 pages)
n
An utterance is a bit of spoken language. It could be anything from "Ugh!" to a full sentence.
To utter means "to say." So when you're saying something, you're making utterances. Saying "24" in math class is an utterance. A police officer yelling "Stop!" is an utterance. Saying "Good boy!" to your dog is an utterance. Even a long speech by the President is an utterance. If you can't hear it, it's not an utterance.
WORD FAMILY
utterance: utterances+/unutterable: unutterablest, unutterably/ utter: utterable, utterance, uttered, utterer, utterest, uttering, utterly, uttermost, utterness, utters/utterable: unutterable, utterably/uttered: unuttered/utterer: utterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
People perceived the utterances of the right hemisphere as being external to them and attributed them to gods.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He dismisses Rasputin’s crude endorsement of vigilantism against Jews — so they “won’t even dream about asking for equality” — as an isolated utterance.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Our utterances don’t travel around the world and back on a regular basis.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 说话方式; 表达; 说话; 发言
分布：说话(79%)，发表(13%)，说话的方式(8%)
→来自utter,说，发出声音。
US ['ʌ.tˌɚ-] noun countable formal
■something that someone says 说话，讲话
• The senator's weekend utterances were promptly rebutted by three of his colleagues on Monday. 那位参议员在周末发表的言论周一就迅即遭到了三位同僚的反驳。
give utterance to sth literary
■to express your ideas or feelings in spoken words 用语言表达
• She has one great fear to which she will never give utterance. 她心中最大的担忧恐怕一辈子都不会说出来。
n. 表达；说话；说话方式
 - expression, speaking

Word: whirr
Front: whirr
[wɜ:(r)] (32745/37719)
Back: n. 呼呼声
vi. 作呼呼声
vt. 呼呼地飞; 同“whir”
时态：whirred, whirring, whirs
分布：呼呼声(52%)，发出呼呼声(16%)，=whir.(16%)，使呼呼作响(16%)
US [wɝ:] verb intransitive
■(especially of machines) to make a low, soft, continuous sound （尤指机器）发出嗡嗡声，发出低沉持续的声响
• I could hear the washing machine whirring in the kitchen. 我能听见厨房里洗衣机的嗡嗡声。
n. 呼呼声；心烦
 - burr

Word: zebra
Front: zebra
[ˈzebrə] (中高研四六 13912/15998 -1)
Back: n. 斑马
adj. 有斑纹的
分布：斑马(80%)，斑马线(20%)
→可能来自非洲刚果土著语。或来自葡萄牙语zebra,进一步来自ezebrario,最终来自拉丁语equiferus,野马，equi-,马，词源同equine,fer-,野的，词源同fierce.
n.斑马"My behavior is on behalf of half zebras," the algebra teacher said."我的行为代表了一半斑马的利益,"代数老师说.
/'zi:.brə] (plural zebras or zebra)
noun countable
■an African wild animal which looks like a horse, and which has black or brown and white lines on its body （产于非洲的）斑马
n. [脊椎] 斑马
 - zabra
adj. 有斑纹的
 - brinded, freaked

Word: vortex
Front: vortex
[ˈvɔ:teks] (14424/15991 -1)
Vocabulary: vortex
(once / 2864 pages)
n
Think vortex and picture a tornado or whirlpool — swirling around, causing destruction.
If you picture a whirlpool spinning and draining like water out of a bathtub, you'll get a pretty good impression of what a vortex looks like. Dorothy from The Wizard of Oz found out first-hand the meaning of vortex as she and her house whirled around in the funnel cloud of a tornado. In a figurative sense, vortex can be used to tell about something that seems like it is whirling out of control, all consuming, or chaotic. This may include exam week, your relationships, or your life in general.
WORD FAMILY
vortex: vortexes, vortices
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there’s a beautiful jewel at the vortex of each whirlpool that draws me in.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For Heidecker, Trump’s movement is a vortex of incoherence straining toward meaning but falling short even of platitude.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Dr. Lentink said the vortex at the tip of each wing “broke down really quickly, and we never expected that.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. [航]涡流; [物]涡旋; （动乱，争论等的）中心; 旋风
分布：漩涡(67%)，旋风(33%)
→来自拉丁语vertere,转，旋转，词源同versus,convert。引申义漩风，漩涡，涡流。
【记】vort＝vert转，ex：旋风
【区】vertex（n 顶点）
US ['vɔ:r.tˌeks] (plural vortexes or UK [-tɪ.siz/ US [-tˌə-] vortices)
noun countable specialized
■a mass of air or water that spins around very fast and pulls objects into its empty centre 漩涡；涡流
countable usually singular literary
■a dangerous or destructive situation in which you become more and more involved without being able to escape （困境的）漩涡
• I was sucked into a vortex of despair. 我被卷入了绝望的漩涡里。
n. [航] [流] 涡流；漩涡；（动乱，争论等的）中心； [气象] 旋风
 - center, focus, hub

Word: baseless
Front: baseless
[ˈbeɪsləs] (24506/33196)
Vocabulary: baseless
(once / 6224 pages)
adj
If something's baseless, it can't be proven or justified. A baseless accusation of cheating, for example, has no facts or evidence to back it up.
Baseless facts in a research paper don't have sources — they may have simply come from the writer's own imagination. A baseless allegation is when one person accuses another of doing something wrong, without having any solid proof or reason for the accusation. The sense of base that baseless comes from is "foundation," from the Greek basis, "step or pedestal."
WORD FAMILY
baseless: baselessly+/ basal: basally/ base: basal, based, baseless, basely, baseness, baser, bases, basest, basify, basilar, basing/baseness: basenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The argument that we’re hurting our business climate is really baseless,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Rather than examine what’s really wrong with Metro, they cling to the baseless claim that Metro’s problems stem predominately from a lack of taxpayer funding.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He supplied no evidence, and election-law experts say the claim is baseless.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 无根据的; 胡枝扯叶
分布：无根据的(100%)
['beɪ.sləs] formal
adjective
■not based on facts 没有事实根据的；无根据的
• baseless accusations/allegations/rumours 毫无根据的谴责／指控／谣言
• She assured me that my fears were baseless. 她向我保证，我的恐惧是毫无根据的。
adj. 无根据的；无基础的
 - unwarranted, rootless

Word: bitch
Front: bitch
[bɪtʃ] (5650/5873 -2)
Vocabulary: bitch
(once / 2903 pages)
1n 2n 3vn
Bitch is a commonly used slang word that is nonetheless vulgar when you throw it at a woman or a man. The word originally meant, and still means, a female dog.
This word for a female pooch has evolved to a more common meaning: a woman you don't like. In those cases, a bitch is kind of a female jerk, although feminists would argue that the term often gets unfairly thrown at any strong willed, assertive woman. Many males call each other bitch, too, implying that the other guy is a weakling. Another common use is bitching or to bitch and moan, meaning to complain about something.
WORD FAMILY
bitch: bitched, bitchery, bitches, bitching, bitchy+/bitchery: bitcheries/bitchy: bitchiest, bitchily, bitchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Messages range from “Long live D. Trump” to “I Have a Dream” to “Follow your bliss” to “He is our President, stop bitching.”
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
WATCH: Trump supporter calls women "Hillary Bitches" on flight to Allentown.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
WATCH: Trump supporter calls women “Hillary Bitches” on flight to Allentown.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 母狗; 淫妇; 牢骚事; 坏女人
vi. 埋怨; 发牢骚; 挖苦; （背后）说坏话
vt. 把…搞糟; 弄坏; 抱怨; 埋怨
时态：bitched, bitching, bitches
分布：母狗(62%)，埋怨(19%)，搞砸(19%)
→词源同peck, 啄，咬。t为插入字母。
noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a female dog 母狗
[bɪtʃ] noun
UNPLEASANT PERSON 坏人
countable offensive
■an unkind or unpleasant woman 坏女人；悍妇
• She can be a real bitch. 她真是个坏女人。
[bɪtʃ] noun
PROBLEM 麻烦
only singular informal
■something which causes difficulties or problems, or which is unpleasant 带来麻烦的事；令人讨厌的事
• I've had a bitch of a week at work. 我这星期的工作很不顺利。
[bɪtʃ] noun
COMPLAINT 抱怨
only singular informal
■when you complain or talk unkindly about people 抱怨，牢骚
• Most of us enjoy having a (good) bitch from time to time. 我们大多数人都喜欢不时地（痛快地）发牢骚。
[bɪtʃ] noun
CONTROLLED PERSON 被控制的人
countable offensive slang
■someone who will do everything you tell them to do because you have complete control over them 被控制的人
[bɪtʃ] noun
life's a bitch (and then you die)
■said when you find a situation difficult or have had a bad experience 人生真受罪
[bɪtʃ] verb intransitive informal
■to complain and make unkind remarks about someone or something 抱怨；挖苦；说坏话
• She's always bitching about Tanya. 她总是说塔亚坏话。
n. 母狗，母狼；泼妇；牢骚事
 - she-wolf, slut
vt. 糟蹋；弄糟
 - hash up, run into the ground
vi. 发牢骚
 - complain, whine about, pinge

Word: brochure
Front: brochure
[ˈbrəʊʃə(r)] (高研托雅宝 6585/4759 -2)
Vocabulary: brochure
(once / 5570 pages)
n
An organization wishing to advertise its products or services will often create a brochure, a small booklet or folded paper giving brief details about what it's selling. It usually includes illustrations and is made to be eye-catching and easily read.
Small booklets or pamphlets used to be stitched together, and from that stitching we get the word brochure, which comes from the French verb brocher, "to stitch," and thus means literally "a stitched work." The word enters English in the mid-18th century. Today brochures of many pages are usually stapled. A common style of brochure is a single sheet, often folded in thirds to make it the right size to fit inside an envelope.
WORD FAMILY
brochure: brochures
USAGE EXAMPLES
My parents in their eager search delved through the brochures, the interviews and assessments, the continuous churning of paperwork.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Website TMZ.com first published a brochure hyping the happening.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The advocacy group Lambda Legal rewrote a brochure once focused on bullying protection.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 小册子，手册
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁词brocca, 针，刺。指用针缝在一起的小书。
手册(用线缝在一起的纸)[broch=pierce(刺,缝)]
n.小册子This brochure is kind of rubbish.这本小册子是垃圾.
【记】读：不如撤。国民党溃败的时候就每人发了一本小册子，上书：不如撤。
US [broʊ'ʃʊr] noun countable
■a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product or a company 小册子；资料（或广告）手册

Word: avatar
Front: avatar
[ˈævətɑ:(r)] (16422/48636)
Vocabulary: avatar
(once / 3024 pages)
1n 2n
You might know this word from video games, where you create an avatar to represent you on screen. An avatar is something that embodies something else.
In Hinduism the different gods can take many different forms, and when they took human forms, the human was their avatar. Eventually, the word avatar came to mean the embodiment not just of a god, but also of any abstract idea. If you have a cool head, you might see yourself as the avatar of reasonableness in a fight. Video game avatars are sort of a reverse of the first meaning––a physical entity (you) form becomes something abstract (a video game guy).
WORD FAMILY
avatar: avatars
USAGE EXAMPLES
In video games, players describe ourselves as the digital avatars we control on a screen.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Both became big players in movie financing, lending money to hits like “Avatar” and “Gravity” along with flops like “In the Heart of the Sea.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Weaver: The scripts for “Avatar” are absolutely incredible.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 化身; 阿凡达
分布：阿凡达(54%)，化身(46%)
→来自印度语。PIE *ava, 下来。*tere, 穿过，同through. 原指印度主神Vishnu 化身凡人到人间帮助人们化解灾难，根据印度教所描述，佛祖释迦弁尼就是Vishnu的第九个化身，当Vishnu到第十个化身时，则是世界毁灭，人间重建之日。
US [-tɑ:r] noun countable
■in computing, an image which represents you in online games, chat rooms , etc. and which you can move around the screen using the mouse or keys （网路游戏或网上聊天室中的）虚拟化身
• By typing in simple commands you can pick up objects and talk to other avatars, with your words displayed in a cartoon bubble above your head. 键入一些简单的命令，你就可以拾起物品，和其他玩家的虚拟化身交谈，你所键入的话语会出现在你虚拟化身头上的一个卡通对话框中。
n. 化身，具体化；天神下凡化作人形
 - picture, shape, pink, embodiment, crystallization

Word: cathode
Front: cathode
[ˈkæθəʊd] (25076/27048)
Back: n. <电>(-)阴极，负极
分布：阴极(100%)
→cata-, 向下。-hod, 走，路，词源同accede, anode, method.
US [-oʊd] specialized
noun countable
■one of the electrodes (= object that electricity moves through) in a piece of electrical equipment; the positive electrode in a battery and the negative electrode in an electrolytic cell 负极，阴极（电极的一种（电极即电器设备内电流经过的物件）；电池的正极，或电解池的负极） Compare anode
n. [电子] [电] 阴极
 - kathode, negative pole

Word: contractual
Front: contractual
[kənˈtræktʃuəl] (14338/6270 -1)
Back: adj. 合同的，契约的; 契约性
分布：合同的(65%)，契约的(35%)
adjective
■relating to or contained within a contract (= legal agreement) 合同（或契约）的；和合同（或契约）有关的
• contractual conditions/terms 合同条款
• Are you under a contractual obligation to any other company? 你和任何其他公司签有合同吗？
adj. 契约的，合同的
 - stipulatory

Word: convulse
Front: convulse
[kənˈvʌls] (宝 19900/24279)
Vocabulary: convulse
(once / 421 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To convulse is to have spasms. Get help immediately if you see someone convulse. This medical condition can be brought on by something simple (like a rise in body temperature) or something more complicated, such as epilepsy.
In addition to being a symptom of a medical condition, to convulse is often applied to people shaking with laughter. So if you go to a club and see a hilarious comedian, you may convulse with laughter so hard that you might cry, or not be able to catch your breath, and your sides hurt.
WORD FAMILY
convulse: convulsed, convulses, convulsing, convulsion, convulsive +/ convulsion: convulsions/ convulsive: convulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the old days, patients convulsed during therapy sessions, sometimes so violently that they broke their bones or teeth.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Girmay arrived in Sweden when the refugee crisis was convulsing Europe.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Witnesses said he gasped and convulsed for 15 minutes.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使抽搐，使剧烈震动
时态：convulsed, convulsing, convulses
分布：动词(100%)
→con-, 强调。-vul, 拔，扯，词源同vulture, wool.
使震动,使抽出(con一起+vuls+e→收缩到一起→抽搐)[vuls,ult=pluck,tear,表示"收缩,撕开"]
【记】con共同，vulse＝pulse（n 脉搏）－全身的脉搏共同跳动－使狂躁不安
【参】vulnerable（adj 易受影响的，脆弱的）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) shake violently with sudden uncontrolled movements （使）剧烈抖动；（使）抽搐，（使）痉挛
• to convulse with pain 痛苦地抽搐
• A racking cough convulsed her whole body. 一阵剧烈的咳嗽使她全身都颤抖起来。
[kən'vʌls] verb intransitive or transitive
be convulsed with laughter/rage, etc.
■to laugh or feel anger, etc. uncontrollably 笑得前仰后合／气得浑身发抖等

Word: complexion
Front: complexion
[kəmˈplekʃn] (雅宝 10375/9586 -1)
Vocabulary: complexion
(once / 442 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Complexion refers to the color of a person's skin, especially the face. If you have light skin, for example, you might be said to have a fair or pale complexion.
The general character of something can also be called its complexion. If your team's star quarterback is out with an injury, it will change the complexion of the next game and possibly the entire season. Complexion originally referred to the humors that in ancient Greek and Roman medicine supposedly made up a person's temperament and health. The word came from the Latin complexionem, or "combination," but as humorism fell out of favor, this definition of complexion also became obsolete.
WORD FAMILY
complexion: complexioned, complexions+/complect: complected, complexion
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Bodies like mine, women of my color and my complexion.”
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Because of my reclusiveness, the complexion of each day mimics the one before it.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
The ugly new face of the US may be “white” but its actual complexion is best described as a vehement orange.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 肤色，面色，气色; 形式，局面
分布：肤色(64%)，面色(17%)，局面(17%)，体质(1%)，特性(1%)
→来自complex, 多成分组成的，形成身体特质的，肤色的。同complected.
面色,表情(com全部+plex+ion→全部表情重叠于面部→面色)[plex=fold,表示"重叠"]
【记】com共同，plex重叠交叉－外表就是各种肤色重叠交叉的产物，比如：黑眼球，红嘴唇，黄皮肤……complex的complexion（局面）是由种族问题造成的，种族问题是由complexion（肤色）造成的
【参】complexity（n 复杂性，复杂的事物）；duplicity（n 口是心非）
noun countable
FACE 脸
■the natural appearance of the skin on a person's face, especially its colour or quality （天然的）面色，肤色，气色
• a dark/fair complexion 黝黑／白晰的肤色
• a healthy/clear/spotty complexion 健康／白净／斑斑点点的皮肤
[kəm'plek.ʃən] noun countable
CHARACTER 特征
■the general character of something 一般特征；性质
• These are radical changes which will alter the complexion of the British contemporary dance scene. 这些变化非常大，将会彻底改变英国当代舞蹈界的格局。
• What Pablo has just said puts an entirely/completely new complexion on (= changes) things. 巴勃罗刚刚所说的话使事情发生了彻底的变化。
nature, complexion, personality, disposition, character, temper
这组词都有“性格、气质、性情、习性”的意思，其区别是：
nature: 指天生的、不可改变性格。
complexion: 指由思维方式、态度和情绪所决定的本质特征。
personality: 主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。
disposition: 书面用词，指人的主要爱好或思想、精神方面的重要习性、气质。也可指短暂的情绪。
character: 指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常常与道德有关。
temper: 指从感情方面体现出来，决定处理问题或应付形势的方式的性格或性情，这种性情可以是暂时的也可以长久的。
n. 肤色；面色；情况；局面
 - situation, circumstance, thing, color, case

Word: cringe
Front: cringe
[krɪndʒ] (宝 10670/15738 -1)
Vocabulary: cringe
(once / 2309 pages)
v
When you cringe, your body language shows you don't like what you see and hear. You close your eyes and grimace. You may even jerk your body away from the offensive sight or sound, like the old picture of you in an "awkward stage" that makes you cringe whenever you see it.
Whether it's a song you hate or someone mentioning an embarrassing moment from the past, you cringe at things that are unpleasant. If you think about the way your body involuntarily flinches or bends in those situations, you won’t be surprised to learn that the word cringe can be traced back to the Old English word cringan, meaning “give way, fall (in battle), become bent.” That’s exactly what your body does when you cringe!
WORD FAMILY
cringe: cringed, cringes, cringing+/cringing: cringingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She cringed at the ways inmates were the ones treated like children, denied money, keys, silverware.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
“She stepped aside. It was a cringe in motion.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“If I’m up front, I cringe as people walk by.”
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 畏缩; 卑躬屈膝
n. 畏缩; 阿谀奉承
时态：cringed, cringing, cringes
分布：畏缩(90%)，觉得尴尬不安或难为情(10%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，词源同ring, curve. 词义由弯，转过渡到蜷缩，畏缩。
【记】cr哭，in，ge哥：在哥哥的怀抱里哭，被吓坏了吧？！
【参】cringing（adj /n 畏缩的；阿谀奉承的）
verb intransitive
■to suddenly move away from someone or something because you are frightened （因恐惧）畏缩，退缩
■informal
■to feel very embarrassed 感到难堪，觉得难为情
• I cringed at the sight of my dad dancing. 看到爸爸跳舞我觉得很难为情。
vi. 畏缩；奉承；阿谀
 - honey, recoil from
n. 畏缩；奉承
 - court, flattery

Word: effortless
Front: effortless
[ˈefətləs] (15136/14724 -1)
Vocabulary: effortless
(once / 5982 pages)
adj
Something effortless is easy to do — or at least appears that way. Great basketball players make scoring three-point shots look effortless. If you always know just what to wear, you have an effortless sense of style.
Effort is the work it takes to do something. Moving a couch and staying on a diet both require effort. If something is effortless, it takes no work at all to do. For example, lifting a feather is effortless. Writing may be effortless for some people, but difficult for others. Also, some things just look effortless. A great musician might make playing guitar sound effortless, but years of practice probably went into it. Experts make difficult things seem effortless.
WORD FAMILY
effortless: effortlessly, effortlessness+/ effort: effortful, effortless, efforts/effortful: effortfully, effortfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What seemed like effortless mayhem on the screen was the result of a painstaking — and unorthodox — directing approach.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her cool seems effortless, though her control of it is precise.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
What looks like effortless fun is based on dozens of strategic decisions by Holliday and his team.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 不费力的; 容易的
分布：容易的(59%)，不费力气的(31%)，应付自如的(10%)
不费力的(effort努力)[-less表形容词"无…的,不...的"]
【记】effort（n 努力；成就）
【反】grueling（adj 使精疲力尽的n 重罚；严惩）
US [-ɚt-] approving
adjective
■seeming not to need any effort 不费力的；轻松的
• When you watch her dance it looks so effortless. 她的舞姿看上去非常轻盈。
• He was an actor of effortless charm. 他是位潇洒自如、魅力十足的演员。
adj. 容易的；不费力气的
 - easy, light, easiest

Word: cookbook
Front: cookbook
[ˈkʊkbʊk] (8124/23980 -1)
Back: n. 食谱，菜谱
分布：食谱(80%)，烹饪书(20%)
['kʊk.bʊk/ (UK also cookery book)
noun countable
■a book containing recipes which tell you how to prepare and cook particular dishes 烹饪书，食谱
n. 食谱
 - recipe, cookery book

Word: creaky
Front: creaky
[ˈkri:ki] (20154/33303)
Vocabulary: creaky
(once / 15844 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's creaky makes a groaning or scraping sound. If your front door is creaky, its hinges might need to be oiled.
The sound of footsteps on a creaky wood floor, or climbing your creaky stairs, can be spooky at night. You can also describe a hoarse or high-pitched voice as creaky, and your grandfather might sigh, "Oh, these creaky old knees," when he stands up. Creaky describes the grating sound, and also the worn out or run-down nature of old things or people. It comes from creak, which is imitative — its sound suggests its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
creaky: creakily+/ creak: creaked, creaking, creaks, creaky /creaking: creakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Woods did clear two important hurdles in his return: His creaky back held up, and he seemed relaxed and eager to play.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
The creaky board and the newspaper — that’s all Kelly needs to concoct an absolutely magical movie moment.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
In 1956, Castro loaded the “Granma,” a creaky yacht meant for a dozen, with 82 fighters and set off for Cuba.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 嘎吱作响的; 老朽的; 破旧的
分布：叽叽嘎嘎的(75%)，不发辗的(25%)
adjective
■describes something that creaks 嘎吱作响的
• a creaky hinge/chair/bed 嘎吱作响的铰链／椅子／床
• creaky floorboards 嘎吱作响的地板
■UK
■describes something that is old-fashioned and not now effective 过时的；破旧的；摇摇欲坠的
• the creaky legal system 老朽过时的司法制度
adj. 发辗的；老朽的；叽叽嘎嘎的
 - crocky, timeworn

Word: emphatically
Front: emphatically
[ɪm'fætɪklɪ] (10680/11087 -1)
Vocabulary: emphatically
(once / 851 pages)
adv
When you say something emphatically, you say it with great emphasis and force, like when you emphatically denied that you took the last cookie.
Emphatically, pronounced "em-FAT-ick-lee," shares the same origin as emphasize, which means "to stress or put particular importance on something." When you say or do something emphatically, you really mean it. For example, if you emphatically say "no" when someone asks you on a date, that person isn't likely to ask you — or even look in your direction — again.
WORD FAMILY
emphatic: emphatically, unemphatic+/unemphatic: unemphatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were no complaints from Hull, and Touré stepped up to finish emphatically from the spot.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
“We got it right this time,” he said emphatically.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The voters of the Birmingham suburb emphatically rejected the status quo, causing Poles to react with shock and fear for what the future might hold.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 强调地，断然地，明显地
分布：强调地(50%)，断然地(50%)
ADV-GRADED
强调地;加强语气地;断然地
If you say something emphatically, you say it in a forceful way which shows that you feel very strongly about what you are saying.
例：'No fast food', she said emphatically...“不能吃快餐，”她坚决地说。
例：Mr Davies has emphatically denied the charges.戴维斯先生断然否认了那些控诉。
ADV-GRADED
肯定地;显然地
You use emphatically to emphasize the statement you are making.
例：Making people feel foolish is emphatically not my strategy...让人出丑显然不是我的策略。
例：Politics is most emphatically back on the agenda.政治问题显然重新提上了日程。
adv. 着重地；强调地；断然地
 - positively, flat

Word: excitable
Front: excitable
[ɪkˈsaɪtəbl] (托 24892/18582)
Vocabulary: excitable
(once / 2466 pages)
adj
Someone who's excitable easily becomes excited, enthusiastic, or eager. A five year-old will be especially excitable at her own birthday party.
When you describe someone as excitable, you'll usually mean it as a mild criticism — the person is easily overstimulated, and becomes excited far too readily. Passing out candy in an elementary school classroom — or bacon among a bunch of puppies — will demonstrate just how excitable a group can be. Excitable comes from the Latin excitabilis, "inciting or animating," from excitare, "stir up" or "awaken."
WORD FAMILY
excitable: excitability, excitableness, excitably, unexcitable+/excitability: excitabilities/excitant: excitants/excitation: excitations/ excite: excitable, excitant, excitation, excitative, excitatory, excited, excitement, excites, exciting / excited: excitedly, overexcited, unexcited/ excitement: excitements/ exciting: excitingest, excitingly, unexciting/unexcited: unexcitedly/unexciting: unexcitingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His delivery is animated; his demeanor is excitable.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
For some excitable politicians in London, however, that is not enough.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Suppose Zach is 30 and expects that, although he appears to be unhealthily excitable, his life expectancy is 90.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 容易激动的
分布：易激动的(60%)，易兴奋的(40%)
【反】stolid（adj 不易激动的；感觉迟钝的）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■easily and often becoming excited 易激动的；易兴奋的
• an excitable child 容易兴奋的孩子
adj. 易激动的； [生理] 易兴奋的；易怒的
 - emotional, passionate

Word: excursion
Front: excursion
[ɪkˈskɜ:ʃn] (研四六托雅宝 8288/6562 -1)
Vocabulary: excursion
(once / 444 pages)
n
An excursion is taken more for pleasure than for practical reasons. Your business trip, when you spent most of the week waiting in airports and adjusting to different time zones, does not count as an excursion.
The Latin root for excursion is excurrere, meaning "to run out." So if you run out for a bit to get some fresh air, you've gone on an excursion. If you leave specifically to buy milk from the corner store and end up swimming in a stream, you've probably taken an excursion into the woods.
WORD FAMILY
excursion: excursionist, excursions+/excursionist: excursionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
USC players looked mostly relieved to be freed from the public-relations boondoggle that is the annual Rose Bowl excursion to Disneyland.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Instead, top donors are offered a private reception with “VIPs and celebrities associated with the event” and “a multi-day outdoor excursion.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“The hunting/fishing excursion is not confirmed and is not something we are offering to sponsors.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指集体）远足; 短途旅行，游览; 离题; [机]冲程
分布：远足(63%)，短途旅行(37%)
→ex-, 向外。-cur, 跑，词源同course, current.
远足;游览(excurse+ion)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
n.短途旅行,游览;离题;[物理]偏移,漂移We went on an excursion to the city.我们到这个城市去旅行.
【记】ex出，curs跑－跑出去－短途旅游
【参】incursion（n 袭击；侵入）；cursive（n /v 草书的）
US [-'skɝ:-] noun countable
■a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group of people （常指结伴同行的）远足，短程旅行
• This year's annual excursion will be to Lincoln. 今年的年度短途旅行的目的地是林肯。
• Next week we're going on an excursion. 下星期我们要去远足。
excursion into sth
■a short involvement in a new activity （短暂）涉猎；（短期）涉足
• A teacher by profession, this is her first excursion into writing. 她的职业是教师，这是她首次跨足文学创作。
expedition, voyage, journey, trip, travel, excursion, tour, cruise
这组词都有“旅行”的意思，其区别是：
expedition: 指有特定目的远征或探险。
voyage: 指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey: 最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
trip: 普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。
travel: 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。
excursion: 较正式用词，常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。
tour: 指最后反回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
cruise: 主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。
n. 偏移；远足；短程旅行；离题；游览圆
 - skewing, short trip

Word: flier
Front: flier
['flaɪə] (9443/20835)
Vocabulary: flier
(once / 4702 pages)
1n 2n
Go to a career fair and you'll be accosted with fliers or leaflet advertisements for the many companies there. Often fliers are a waste of paper because they get thrown away.
Just like the paper fliers that people hand to you on the street that end up flying into a trash cans, a flier can also mean someone who flies or travels by air. You might also see the word spelled flyer, which works too. A frequent flier is a person who travels a lot. Get enough frequent flier miles on an airline and you could fly somewhere for free.
WORD FAMILY
flier: fliers+/ fly: flew, flied, flier, flies, flown, flyer, flying, flyingly, overfly/ flyer: flyers/flying: flyings/overfly: overflew, overflies, overflying
USAGE EXAMPLES
That said, two new characters were invented after Brownstein saw a flier in her Portland coffee shop.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She gestured toward them as they walked away with several fliers in hand.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He used his Southwest Airlines frequent flier miles to pay for the flight to New York, which, according to a spokesman, cost him only $5.60.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 飞行器驾驶员; 动作敏捷的人或动物; 速度很快的车辆; （产品的）宣传单
分布：飞行员(42%)，传单(28%)，飞行物(10%)，投机(10%)，=flyer.(5%)，飞机上的乘客(5%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
INFORMATION 资讯 (ALSO US usually flyer)
■a small piece of paper with information on it about a product or event 小（广告）传单
UK ['flaɪ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
TRAVEL 旅行 (also flyer)
■a person who travels by air 乘飞机的旅客
• Frequent fliers receive travel privileges. 经常搭乘飞机的乘客可以享受旅行优惠。
n. [航] 飞行员；快车；飞行物；（美）广告传单
 - pilot, express

Word: galleon
Front: galleon
[ˈgæliən] (28332/23004)
Vocabulary: galleon
(once / 2505 pages)
n
Though a galleon was a large ship with multiple decks, it was no cruise liner and probably didn’t offer round-the-clock buffets.
A galleon refers to a type of sailboat used in the 15th to 18th centuries mostly for battles and carrying consumer goods. Galleons had big square sails rigged onto several masts. They were built and sailed by many Europeans, but they are most commonly associated with the Spanish. In fact, this word is derived from the Spanish word galeón, which means “armed merchant ship.”
WORD FAMILY
galleon: galleons
USAGE EXAMPLES
To the wind tunnel they look like Conestoga wagons, or Spanish galleons, or equestrian statuary.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 17, 2016)
That push led to convictions and guilty pleas from more than 80 people, including Raj Rajaratnam, the billionaire co-founder of the Galleon Group.
New York Times(Sep 21, 2016)
Then Grandma sailed like a galleon into the front room, striking us dumb.
Richard Peck, A Long Way from Chicago(1998)
Back: n. 大型帆船
分布：西班牙大型帆船(100%)
→来自galley, 战舰。-on, 大词后缀。
noun countable
■a large sailing ship with three or four masts , used both in trade and war from the 15th to the 18th centuries （15到18世纪用作商船或军舰的）大帆船
n. 十五，十六世纪西班牙大型帆船
 - fifteen

Word: fiduciary
Front: fiduciary
[fɪˈdju:ʃəri] (20620/13475)
Vocabulary: fiduciary
(once / 16694 pages)
adjn
A fiduciary is a person who holds assets in trust for someone else. That person has a fiduciary duty to take care of the money.
Fiduciary comes from the Latin word fidere, "to trust." That's because a fiduciary is the person you trust to hold and watch over your assets until it's time for them to go to another designated person. For example, when a child's parents die, someone is chosen to look after the money left in the will until the child is old enough to manage it himself. Fiduciary can either be a noun to refer to the caretaker or an adjective to describe the trust.
WORD FAMILY
fiduciary: fiduciaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Labor Department created a 1,000-plus-page rule that extended fiduciary protections to any advice involving money in retirement accounts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The Obama Labor Department issued rules last spring mandating brokers to act as “fiduciaries” — trustees obligated to put their clients’ best interests above all.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The organization accused her of stealing his work, some of which it said she sold for her own benefit in a breach of fiduciary duty.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 基于信用的，信托的，受信托的
n. 被信托者，受托人
分布：受托人(68%)，信托的(25%)，受托的(7%)
→来自拉丁语fides, 相信，信仰，词源同faith. 用于经济学名词信托。
信用的n.被信托者(fid+uciary...的→相信的→信托的)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
US [-'du:.ʃi.er-] adjective specialized
■relating to the responsibility to look after someone else's money in a correct way 信托的；信用的
• a breach of fiduciary duty 违反信托责任
n. 受托人； [金融] 被信托者
 - trustee, assignee

Word: expunge
Front: expunge
[ɪkˈspʌndʒ] (宝 22036/32615)
Vocabulary: expunge
(once / 7443 pages)
v
To expunge is to cross out or eliminate. After Nicholas proved he had been in school on the day in question, the absence was expunged from his record.
Expunge is often something you do to a document. When government censors block out text in documents before making them public, they are expunging the text. You can also use the word in a more metaphorical sense. The principal tried to expunge all traces of bullying from the school by implementing a kindness initiative and treating all complaints as serious.
WORD FAMILY
expunge: expunction, expunged, expunges, expunging, inexpungeable+/expunction: expunctions/expunging: expungings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Granting a pardon restores rights but doesn’t expunge criminal records.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The group’s president said that expunging commentary such as hers from campus is necessary to ensure the college’s commitment to “diversity, equity and inclusivity.”
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The guidelines also stressed that dismissal is not enough — after diversion, cases should be sealed or expunged from the public record.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 擦掉; 除去; 删去; 消除
时态：expunged, expunging, expunges
分布：除去(51%)，删掉(37%)，擦掉(12%)
→ex-, 向外。-pung, 刺，词源同pungent, point. 即拔刺，拔掉，删除。
【记】ex出，punge刺－把刺挑出－删除
【参】pungent（adj 辛辣的；刺鼻的）
formal
verb transitive
■to rub off or remove information from a piece of writing 删去；抹去；勾销
• His name has been expunged from the list of members. 他的名字从成员名单中删除了。
■to cause something to be forgotten 使淡忘；（从记忆中）抹掉
• She has been unable to expunge the details of the accident from her memory. 那次事故的细节总是徘徊在她记忆中，无论如何都无法抹去。
vt. 擦去；删掉
 - wipe away, absterge

Word: gaudy
Front: gaudy
[ˈgɔ:di] (雅宝 15011/15441 -1)
Vocabulary: gaudy
(once / 1343 pages)
1adj 2n
Something that's gaudy is showy, bright and definitely tacky. So think twice about that gaudy rainbow-colored suit and shiny gold shoes ensemble.
Gaudy is an adjective that means "ostentatious" — in other words, flashy and in your face, and not in a good way. Someone in a gaudy outfit is probably trying too hard to be cool and stylish. Gaudy evolved from the Middle English gaud “deception, trick” in the 1520’s. That word, in turn, came from gaudi, used to describe a “large, ornamental bead in a rosary.”
WORD FAMILY
gaudy: gaudier, gaudies, gaudiest, gaudily, gaudiness+/gaud: gaudery, gauds, gaudy /gaudery: gauderies/gaudiness: gaudinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there happens to be plenty of precedence for quarterbacks who didn’t put up gaudy touchdown numbers leading their teams to the Super Bowl, too.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But even with less gaudy plays, the Bucks still looked more impressive in the first half.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Those gaudy numbers, especially on the mound, represented two sides of the same coin to father Jim.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 花哨的，俗气的; 华而不实的
n. 宴会，招待会
级别：gaudier, gaudiest
分布：俗丽的(100%)
→来自gau, 欢乐，词源同joy, jewel. 引申义带来欢乐的珠宝，装饰品。词义进一步贬义化，俗艳的，花里胡哨的。
【记】源于：gaud（n 华丽而俗气的饰物）读：高的－裙子特别高－俗丽的
【参】garish（adj 炫耀的；过分装饰的）
US ['gɑ:-] adjective
■unpleasantly bright in colour or decoration 俗丽的；花哨的；过于鲜艳的
• gaudy plastic flowers 俗丽的塑胶假花
adj. 华而不实的；俗丽的
 - purple, gingerbready

Word: hadron
Front: hadron
['hædrən] (29002/-)
Back: n. <物>强子
分布：包括介子和重子两大类)(100%)

Word: hothead
Front: hothead
[ˈhɒthed] (28665/39390)
Vocabulary: hothead
(once / 30306 pages)
n
A hothead is someone who's suddenly and easily angered or agitated. It's usually a hothead who starts a riot or turns a peaceful protest violent.
A friend who seems calm one minute and furious the next is a hothead — and if you've ever witnessed a "road rage" incident involving an unreasonably angry driver, you know how unpredictable a hothead can be. This useful noun has been around since the 17th century, influenced by the Old English equivalent, hatheort or "hot heart," and Elizabethan English's hot-brain.
WORD FAMILY
hothead: hotheads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fifteen years ago, he was a hothead kick returner; now, Canton is in sight.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Clinton has traveled across the country arguing that Trump is a hothead, a racist, a sexist, a xenophobe and an ignoramus, unfit to be president.
US News(Oct 21, 2016)
But a look at the list shows that top NFL receivers seem predisposed to being hotheads.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: n. 急性子的人，鲁莽的人
分布：性急的人(100%)
→比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:t-] noun countable
■someone who does things or reacts to things quickly and without thinking carefully first 鲁莽的人；性急的人
n. 性急的人；鲁莽的人
 - hotspur, toughy

Word: inspectorate
Front: inspectorate
[ɪnˈspektərət] (38013/7409 -1)
Back: n. 检查员; 视察员; 检查员的管辖区
分布：检查团(82%)，监察团(18%)
[ɪn'spek.tər.ət] mainly UK
noun countable
■an official organization which sends inspectors to visit places and organizations in order to make certain they are in good condition and that the rules are being obeyed 视察团，检查团
• the education/pollution/schools inspectorate 教育／污染／学校视察团
n. 检查员；视察团；检查员的辖区
 - supervisor, looker

Word: incinerator
Front: incinerator
[ɪnˈsɪnəreɪtə(r)] (14935/16539 -1)
Back: n. （废物的）焚化炉
分布：焚烧炉(86%)，焚烧装置(14%)
→来自incinerate,焚烧。
US [-ə.reɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a device for burning things which are no longer wanted （废弃物的）焚化炉
• a garbage/hazardous-waste incinerator 垃圾／有害废弃物焚化炉
• a hospital incinerator 医院焚化炉
n. [环境] [炉窑] 焚化炉，焚尸炉；焚烧装置
 - furnance, cremator

Word: jigsaw
Front: jigsaw
[ˈdʒɪgsɔ:] (宝 15739/11215 -1)
Vocabulary: jigsaw
(once / 21608 pages)
n
A jigsaw is a sharp power tool that's used for cutting curvy lines in wood or other materials. While most saws can only cut in a straight line, a jigsaw makes it easier to cut complicated patterns and shapes.
If you were making a jigsaw puzzle out of wood, you'd use a jigsaw. In fact, this is where the "jigsaw puzzle," (which is also simply called a jigsaw), got its name. The original meaning comes from the word jig and its sense of "up and down motion," which describes the way a jigsaw moves as it cuts.
WORD FAMILY
jigsaw: jigsaws
USAGE EXAMPLES
This photograph was the final piece in the jigsaw, then it was back to business as usual.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Even Rogue One: A Star Wars Story is more about snapping like a jigsaw piece into a preexisting mythos than being its own thing.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Jigsaw in “Saw” was killing people because they were wasting the opportunities in their lives.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 竖锯，钢丝锯; 拼板玩具; 锯曲线机
v. 用锯曲线机锯; 使互相交错
分布：拼图游戏(54%)，竖锯(26%)，用竖锯锯(8%)，使互相交错搭接(8%)，缕花锯(4%)
→jig,摇摆，快速移动，saw,锯子。比喻用法，用于指儿童拼图玩具。
US [-sɑ:] noun
PICTURE GAME 图片游戏
countable (also jigsaw puzzle)
■a picture stuck onto wood or cardboard and cut into pieces of different shapes which must be joined together correctly to form the picture again 拼图游戏
• We spent all evening doing a 1000-piece jigsaw. 我们花了一整个晚上拼了一幅1000块的拼图。
UK ['dʒɪg.sɔ:] US [-sɑ:] noun
MYSTERY 神秘
only singular (also jigsaw puzzle)
■a complicated or mysterious problem which can only be solved or explained by connecting several pieces of information 复杂难懂的事物，难解之谜
• The police are trying to piece together the jigsaw of how the dead man spent his last hours. 警方试图弄清楚死者生前最后几小时在做什么。
UK ['dʒɪg.sɔ:] US [-sɑ:] noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a tool with an electric motor and a thin steel blade which is used for cutting curves in flat materials, such as wood or metal 线锯；镂花锯；钢丝锯
n. 拼图玩具；线锯；镂花锯
 - fret-saw

Word: intricacy
Front: intricacy
[ˈɪntrɪkəsi] (六宝 14675/13892)
Vocabulary: intricacy
(once / 2925 pages)
n
The noun intricacy means a quality of being complex or elaborately detailed. You could compliment the intricacy of your friend's complicated hairdo.
A delicate piece of jewelry, twisted with decorative strands of silver, can be admired for its intricacy, and an overly complex piece of legislation might be criticized for its intricacy. You could also talk about the intricacy of the universe, or the intricacy of the human body. Intricacy comes from the Latin root word intricatus, which means "entangled."
WORD FAMILY
intricacy: intricacies+/ intricate: intricacy, intricately
USAGE EXAMPLES
He continues to learn the intricacies of the position after he converted from wide receiver in 2015 training camp.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Price-index intricacies sound wonky, but there is serious scratch in poultry.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 10, 2016)
Mike: Despite what you may believe about the intricacies of advertising technology, this is actually an interesting case to me.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 错综复杂; （因复杂而产生的）难以理解; （常复数）错综复杂的事物
分布：错综复杂(70%)，纷乱(30%)
→来自intricate,错综复杂的。
错综复杂(in进入+tric[=trifle琐碎事]+acy→进入琐碎之事)[-acy表名词"→性质,状态"]
错综复杂(intricate复杂的)[-cy表名词,也作-acy,"性质,状态"]
noun
intricacies [plural]
■complicated details 错综复杂的细节
• I enjoyed the film, but I couldn't follow all the intricacies of the plot. 我喜欢这部电影，但情节中有些复杂的细节我搞不清楚。
uncountable
■when something has a lot of complicated small parts or details 错综复杂
• the intricacy of the needlework 针线活的复杂精细
n. 错综，复杂；难以理解
 - complexity, sophistication

Word: lattice
Front: lattice
[ˈlætɪs] (六宝 15066/10648)
Vocabulary: lattice
(once / 3014 pages)
1n 2n
A lattice is a decorative wooden frame or fence. Your grandmother's prize garden might include a lattice covered in bright pink roses.
An ornamental design — made usually of wood — that you might see on the porch of a house or a garden trellis, is a lattice. Lattice is often made of a criss-crossed, diamond pattern of wood or metal slats. Lattice is a nice material for a porch because it lets in air and light but still gives privacy. You can also call something that resembles such a pattern lattice, like lattice wallpaper, or a lattice-patterned silver necklace.
WORD FAMILY
lattice: latticelike, lattices
USAGE EXAMPLES
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Kengo Kuma, the architect of the new stadium, chose a wooden lattice design that echoes traditional styles seen in Japanese shrines and pagodas.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Lattice did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 格子框架; 类似格子框架的设计
vt. 把…制成格子状; 用格子覆盖或装饰
分布：格子(94%)，格状物(2%)，使成格状(2%)，制做格子(2%)
→来自lath,板条，木条。引申词义斜栅，格栅，斜条结构。
【记】以ice结尾，原指：冻冰块的冰盒，后来指各种的大格子架！
US ['lætˌ-] (also latticework)
noun countable
■a structure made from strips of wood or other material which cross over each other with spaces between 格子木架，格子金属架，格栅
n. [晶体] 晶格； [数] [建] 格子；格架
 - grid, grille

Word: lava
Front: lava
[ˈlɑ:və] (托雅宝 9085/8301 -1)
Back: n. 熔岩; 火山岩
分布：熔岩(89%)，火山岩(11%)
→来自leu,冲洗，涌出，词源同lavatory,dilute,antediluvian.用于指岩浆。
【区】larva（n 幼虫）：larva无法在lava中生活。
noun uncountable
■hot liquid rock which comes out of the Earth through a volcano, or the solid rock formed when it cools （火山喷出的）岩浆，熔岩；火山岩
• molten lava 融化的熔岩

Word: mourner
Front: mourner
[ˈmɔ:nə(r)] (12726/15189 -1)
Vocabulary: mourner
(once / 1498 pages)
n
Anyone who is grieving for a person who has died is a mourner. Funerals give mourners the opportunity to remember and say goodbye to a loved one.
While a mourner is anyone who mourns someone's death, the word is often used to mean "person attending a funeral." In some cultures, throughout history, professional mourners were people who were hired to publicly display their grief at the funeral of some well-known figure. Today, most mourners are family members and friends — people who knew the person well and grieve their death.
WORD FAMILY
mourner: mourners+/ mourn: mourned, mourner, mournful, mourning, mourns/mourned: unmourned/ mournful: mournfulest, mournfully, mournfulness/ mourning: mourningly, mournings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He interrupted the closing procession and singing of "May Choirs of Angels" to draw mourners' attention to a painting of Gabor’s horse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After the clergyman said a few final words, the mourners stayed in place for a long moment, silent and not quite ready to leave.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Hundreds of mourners visited as Cianci lay in repose at city hall for two days.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 哀悼者，悲伤者; 悲伤的人，哀伤的人; 忏悔者; [拳]眼圈被打得发黑的拳手
分布：送葬者(46%)，悲伤者(23%)，忏悔者(17%)，吊唁者(14%)
→来自mourn,哀悼。即哀悼的人，吊唁者。
US ['mɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
■a person at a funeral 哀悼者；送葬者
• The dead man's wife and children were the chief mourners. 死者的妻子和孩子是主要的送葬人。
n. 哀悼者；悲伤者；送葬者；忏悔者
 - lamehter, wailer

Word: leukaemia
Front: leukaemia
[lu:ˈki:miə] (45099/9097 -1)
Back: n. [医]白血病
分布：白血病(95%)，血癌(3%)，白血球过多症(2%)
(mainly US leukemia) [lu:'ki:.mi.ə] noun uncountable
■a serious disease in which the body produces too many white blood cells 白血病
n. 白血病
 - luckemia, leucocythemia

Word: lutheran

Word: mystic
Front: mystic
[ˈmɪstɪk] (宝 14288/13113 -1)
Vocabulary: mystic
(once / 340 pages)
adjn
Look into my crystal ball; tell me what you see. If there's something about the future, something beyond human comprehension in there, maybe you're a mystic or someone who believes in supernatural realities.
One of the most famous mystics in history is Nostradamus, who some people credit with predicting events like the French Revolution and the atom bomb. Whether you believe in mystics or not, the word is not just used to describe people. When something is mystic, it has to do with religious mysteries and practices or it simply inspires a sense of mystery or wonder, like the Himalaya Mountains, which some people consider a mystic place.
WORD FAMILY
mystic: mystical, mystics+/ mystical: mystically, mysticism / mysticism: mysticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grigory Rasputin, a mystic peasant who captivated the Russian imperial court, met his death at the hands of aristocratic enemies 100 years ago.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In one drawing, Vavoom — a Pettibon alter ego — quotes Henry James: “Remember that among the disinherited there’s a mystic language.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The mystic healer wasted no time in appointing his own church ministers and other public officials.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 神秘主义者
adj. 神秘的; 神秘主义（者）的
分布：神秘的(63%)，神秘主义者(30%)，神秘主义者的(7%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-ic,形容词后缀。即神秘的，后用以指神秘的人，神秘主义者。
noun countable
■someone who attempts to be united with God through prayer 神秘主义者
adj. 神秘的；神秘主义的
 - arcane, uncanny

Word: misstep
Front: misstep
[ˌmɪsˈstep] (15039/-)
Back: n. 失足
分布：失足(56%)，过失(44%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，step,步伐。引申词义错误，失策。
n. 失足；过失；踏错；失策
 - error, mistake, sin, blame
vi. 失足；走上歧途
 - slip down, err

Word: negligent
Front: negligent
[ˈneglɪdʒənt] (研托 14020/10330 -1)
Vocabulary: negligent
(once / 807 pages)
adj
Use negligent when you want to describe someone who just doesn't give a hoot. You can be negligent at work if you let the work pile up while you play computer games, or you can be negligent at home if you haven't fed your fish for six days straight.
The adjective negligent comes from the Latin word neglegentia, meaning "carelessness." Other words that share the same roots include the noun negligence and neglect — which has both noun and verb forms. All three words have meanings that imply the same sort of thing — a lack of attention to the well being of something or someone.
WORD FAMILY
negligent: negligence, negligenter, negligently+/ negligence: negligences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eight Camp Whitehorse personnel were charged with crimes, including negligent homicide.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An investigation later found Borja was “negligent in her duty to report suspected abuse.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
An Army investigation later found Borja was “negligent in her duty to report suspected child abuse.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 疏忽的; 粗心大意的; 不留心的; 懒散
分布：疏忽的(65%)，粗心的(25%)，不在意的(10%)
→来自neglect,忽视。引申词义疏忽，失职。
【记】源于：neglect（v 忽视），neg否定，lect＝lig选－没有选－疏忽
【参】negative（n 否定；底片；adj 否定的）；
adjective
■not being careful or giving enough attention to people or things that are your responsibility 疏忽的，失职的
• The judge said that the teacher had been negligent in allowing the children to swim in dangerous water. 法官说允许孩子们在危险水域游泳是教师失职。
adj. 疏忽的；粗心大意的
 - inadvertent, inattentive

Word: oscillate
Front: oscillate
[ˈɒsɪleɪt] (雅宝 19205/15486 -1)
Vocabulary: oscillate
(once / 2326 pages)
v
On a hot day, you’ll be happy to have a fan that can oscillate, meaning it moves back and forth in a steady motion.
The verb oscillate can be traced back to the Latin word oscillum, meaning "swing," so it makes sense that oscillate is used to describe an object like a fan or a pendulum that swings from side to side. The word also can be used to describe a different kind of motion — the wavering of someone who is going back and forth between conflicting beliefs or actions. If you’ve ever had trouble making up your mind about something, you probably know what it feels like to oscillate — back and forth from one decision and to another and then back again. And again. And again.
WORD FAMILY
oscillate: oscillated, oscillates, oscillating, oscillation, oscillatory+/ oscillation: oscillations/oscillatory: nonoscillatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first, Taiwan’s economic policy toward China oscillated between extreme restriction and extreme liberalization.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
That’s why he oscillates between boastful falsehoods and wounded falsehoods.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
For the rest of the week, temperatures will oscillate between the mid-60s to the low 70s in the coastal areas.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使振荡，使振动，使动摇
vi. 持续周期性地摆动; 动摇，犹豫：犹豫不决; 动摇，犹豫：犹豫不决
时态：oscillated, oscillating, oscillates
分布：摆动(50%)，振动(25%)，犹豫(20%)，彷徨(5%)
→来自拉丁语os,嘴，词源同oral,-cill,小词后缀。原指在葡萄园入口处挂上的酒神Bacchus的面具，相当于庇佑符，以保佑葡萄丰收。因这个小面具常在风中摇摆，最终词义俗化，引申词义波动，使摇摆。
【记】osc，ill，ate吃：生病了还吃饭，手没有力量，所以手抖－摇摆
【参】vacillate（v 犹豫不定）
US ['ɑ:.səl.eɪt] verb intransitive
■to move repeatedly from one position to another 来回摆动；震动；震荡
• The needle on the dial oscillated between 'full' and 'empty'. 刻度盘上的指针在“满”和“空”之间来回摆动。
■formal
■If you oscillate between feelings or opinions, you change repeatedly from one to the other （感情或看法）摇摆不定
• My emotions oscillate between desperation and hope. 我时而感到绝望，时而怀有希望。
specialized
■(of a wave or electric current) to change regularly in strength or direction （波或电流）震荡
vt. 使振荡；使振动；使动摇
 - destabilize
vi. 振荡；摆动；犹豫
 - hesitate, to swing

Word: owl
Front: owl
[aʊl] (研四六宝 5953/4246 -2)
Vocabulary: owl
(once / 531 pages)
n
While most birds are known for their tweeting, owls are known for their hooting. If you hear a "hoot" in the woods, look for an owl (But bring your flashlight; owls are nocturnal.).
Owls share some similarities with hawks — both birds are predators, with very strong beaks and claws meant for grabbing mice, insects, rabbits, and even fish. One notable difference is that an owl has eyes on the front of its face, while most hawks have eyes on the sides of their heads. To compensate, owls can turn their heads as much as 270 degrees, to see what's behind them. Owl comes from an imitative root — a word that sounds like an owl's hoot.
WORD FAMILY
owl: owlet, owlish, owls+/owlet: owlets/owlish: owlishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Tennessee State dominated the interior outscoring the Owls 36-14.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the stuffed owls in Santa hats were already marked down — 60 percent off.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The owl is perfectly happy and healthy in real life.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 猫头鹰; 惯于晚上活动的人; 夜猫子; （像猫头鹰一样）机警的人
分布：猫头鹰(100%)
→拟声词，模仿猫头鹰的叫声。
n.猫头鹰Bowing its elbow, the owl sows in the bowl.猫头鹰弯着肘在碗中播种.
【记】拟声词：owl是猫头鹰的叫声
【区】awl（n 尖钻）猫头鹰的眼睛很圆，所以以O开头。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a bird with a flat face, large eyes, and strong curved nails, which hunts small mammals at night 猫头鹰，鸮
(also night owl)
■a person who likes to stay up late at night 夜猫子（喜欢熬夜的人）
n. [鸟] 猫头鹰；枭；惯于晚上活动的人
 - howlet, mopoke

Word: pacemaker
Front: pacemaker
[ˈpeɪsmeɪkə(r)] (18554/24008)
Vocabulary: pacemaker
(once / 23734 pages)
1n 2n
A pacemaker is a medical device that controls a person's heartbeat. A patient only has a pacemaker implanted when his own heart isn't working well on its own.
The human heart has a natural pacemaker that makes it beat at an appropriate rate to keep blood flowing throughout the body. Sometimes it doesn't work right, because of some kind of blockage or other problem that causes the heart to beat too slowly. In these cases, cardiologists — or heart doctors — will often surgically implant an electronic pacemaker as a replacement. Pacemaker research began in 1899, but it wasn't until 1958 that the first patients received these lifesaving devices.
WORD FAMILY
pacemaker: pacemakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flaws were found in the radio-based communications used to update implants, including pacemakers, and read data from them.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Finally, doctors are testing a device, sort of a pacemaker for the brain.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Dog research alone, he says, has improved our understanding of diseases like cancer and hemophilia and helped develop pacemakers and organ transplants.
Science Magazine(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 领跑者; 带头人; 标兵; 起搏器
分布：带头人(64%)，定步速者(18%)，〈医〉心脏起搏器(18%)
→pace,步伐，maker,制定者。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
RUNNER 赛跑选手 (also pace-setter)
■the person or animal that establishes the speed in a race, or a person or organization that is an example for others by being successful 带步人，领跑动物；前导者，模范
UK ['peɪsˌmeɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
DEVICE 装置
■a small device which is put inside someone's chest in order to help their heart beat at the correct speed 心律调整器
n. [基医] [解剖] 起搏器；领跑者；标兵
 - frontrunner

Word: nook
Front: nook
[nʊk] (托 12643/18768)
Vocabulary: nook
(once / 1063 pages)
n
A nook is a cozy little corner or a small, safe area. A nook in the library can be a nice place to sit and read.
If you have a "breakfast nook" in your kitchen, you know it's a space set back from the main room, maybe built into a corner or under a window, where you can sit at a small table. All nooks are small and sheltered in some way. You may have come across nook in the phrase "nook and cranny." This is often meant figuratively, as when you search every single nook and cranny in your whole house looking for your wallet.
WORD FAMILY
nook: nooks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tucked in a nook decorated with handsome artworks was a small desk with a drawer that contained pens, paper and a corkscrew.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Located on the third floor of the department store, the restaurant occupies a small nook surrounded by shoppers and racks of clothing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Both sprawling and cozy — with shaded outdoor tables, a playground and nooks next to the fireplace for cooler days — it offers excellent food.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 角落; 隐蔽处; 每个角落; 到处
分布：角落(97%)，躲蔽处(3%)
→词源不详。可能同neck,弯，转，脖子。引申词义拐角处，小角落。
[nʊk] literary
noun countable
■a small space which is hidden or partly sheltered 角落；隐蔽处；幽深处
• a cosy/sheltered/quiet nook 舒适的／不受风雨侵袭的／僻静的角落
[nʊk] literary
noun countable
every nook and cranny
■every part of a place 处处，到处
• Every nook and cranny of the house was stuffed with souvenirs of their trips abroad. 房间到处都塞满了他们出国旅行带回来的纪念品。
n. 角落；隐匿处；核武器；凹处
 - corner, recession, cavity

Word: postman
Front: postman
[ˈpəʊstmən] (中高研四六 20141/11573 -1)
Back: n. 邮递员，邮差
分布：邮递员(99%)，=mailman.(1%)
n.邮递员Has the postman been here yet?邮递员(到这儿)来过了吗?
US ['poʊst-] UK (UK informal postie) (US mailman)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone whose job is to deliver and collect letters and parcels that are sent by post 邮务士，投递员；邮差
n. 邮递员；邮差
 - letter carrier, mailman

Word: pontiff
Front: pontiff
[ˈpɒntɪf] (22621/41789)
Back: n. 罗马教皇，主教，大祭司
分布：主教(67%)，罗马教宗(20%)，祭司长(13%)
→来自拉丁语pontifex,主祭司，教皇，来自pons,桥，-fex,做，制造，词源同do,fact.即修桥的人，引申词义连接凡人和神的人，后用做教皇尊称。
US ['pɑ:n.tˌɪf] noun countable formal for
■ pope (= leader of the Roman Catholic Church) 教皇
n. 主教，教皇；罗马教宗
 - bishop, pope

Word: regularity
Front: regularity
[ˌregjuˈlærəti] (六 12202/9892 -1)
Vocabulary: regularity
(once / 1134 pages)
n
Something that happens with regularity is typical and expected. Fashion trends change with regularity, which is great for stores that want to sell you a new wardrobe every year.
Regularity is the quality of being stable and predictable. If you exercise with regularity, you might work out every day. If your car breaks down with regularity, then you're probably used to taking the bus. If you add the prefix ir- to this word, you get irregularity — something unusual, out of the ordinary, or unexpected.
WORD FAMILY
regularity: regularities, unregularity+/ irregular: irregularity, irregularly, irregulars/irregularity: irregularities/ regular: irregular, regularise, regularity, regularize, regularly, regulars/regularise: regularisation, regularised, regularising/regularize: regularization, regularized, regularizes, regularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Duterte subsequently insisted in an interview with the BBC that he is “not an addict,” saying that “addiction is only with regularity.”
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Its relentless regularity suggested something conceived and imposed from afar.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
The Jets’ pass rushers hit Brady with regularity, and he completed only one of his first five passes.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 规则性，规律性; 整齐; 正规; 匀称
分布：规律性(76%)，规则性(17%)，定期(6%)，匀整(1%)
→来自 regular,规则的，惯常的。
N-COUNT
规律性;规律
A regularity is the fact that the same thing always happens in the same circumstances.
例：Children seek out regularities and rules in acquiring language.儿童在学习语言过程中会找出各种规律和规则。
n. [数] 规则性；整齐；正规；匀称
 - balance, symmetry

Word: rejoicing
Front: rejoicing
[rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ] (39636/39350)
Vocabulary: rejoicing
(once / 567 pages)
nadj
Rejoicing is celebration or festivity. There will be great rejoicing when your favorite cousin comes home after his three years away in the Peace Corps.
You can use the word rejoicing as a noun, to mean jubilation and joy, or as an adjective to mean "joyful." A rejoicing crowd is full of happiness and cheer, and a rejoicing child might jump up and down with excitement. Rejoicing comes from the verb rejoice, which is rooted in the Old French word rejoir, a combination of the intensive re and joir, "be glad."
WORD FAMILY
rejoicing: rejoicingly, rejoicings+/ rejoice: rejoiced, rejoices, rejoicing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The same will be laid on this year, but Amparo is scathing of what she sees as cosmetic rejoicing.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
The day after the election, Biddy Martin, president of Amherst College in Massachusetts, called for tolerance and acknowledged that some people might be rejoicing.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“Today, about 1,000 Carrier workers and their families should be rejoicing,” Sanders wrote on Thursday in an op-ed for The Washington Post.
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 欣喜; 喜悦; 庆祝; 欢庆
v. （使）欣喜[高兴，快乐]( rejoice的现在分词 ); 非常高兴; 深感欣喜
分布：高兴(55%)，欣喜(35%)，欢欣之事(7%)，动词rejoice的现在分词形式.(3%)
【反】moroseness（n 郁闷）；sulkiness（n 不高兴）
formal
noun uncountable
■when you feel or show great happiness about something 高兴；喜悦；欢庆
• There was much rejoicing at/over the good news. 听到这个好消息大家都高兴极了。
n. 高兴；欣喜；庆祝
 - festival, joy, celebration

Word: semantic
Front: semantic
[sɪˈmæntɪk] (11345/4913)
Vocabulary: semantic
(once / 14379 pages)
adj
If something is semantic, it has to do with the meaning of a word. If you're spending all this time reading the dictionary, you must be interested in semantic questions — or you just want better grades on your vocabulary quizzes.
Semantic comes from the Greek word for "significant," and has to do with how, say, the word dog actually means that furry friend of yours, and all the others like him. If you're really into the philosophy of language and how words come to have particular meanings, then you like semantics. It can be an adjective, as in a semantic argument with your mom over the meaning of "grounded," or a noun, meaning "the study of signs and meaning."
WORD FAMILY
semantic: semantically, semantics +/semanticist: semanticists/ semantics: semanticist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the journey of these terms to the semantic dark side we may perceive all the problems of our political moment.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He didn’t care for metaphors: “They replace genuine uncertainty about the world with semantic ambiguity. A metaphor is a cover-up.”
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
But such semantic distinctions weren’t enough to ward off a congressional inquiry, begun after Bloch had left, which temporarily damaged the agency’s sterling reputation.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <语>语义的，语义学的
分布：语义的(100%)
→seman-,语义，-tic,形容词后缀。
US [-tˌɪk] adjective
■connected with the meanings of words 语意的

Word: smelt
Front: smelt
[smelt] (23291/24671)
Vocabulary: smelt
(once / 1109 pages)
1v 2n
No, this verb doesn't involve using your nose. When you smelt metal, you remove it from ore, or rock. Heat is required to smelt iron.
Smelt looks a lot like melt and that is an easy way to remember what this process involves. To smelt metal, you have to heat the rock, which is called ore, until the metal inside it melts or liquefies. That metal is the part that has use and value, but hard work is needed to extract it.
WORD FAMILY
smelt: smelted, smelter, smeltery, smelting, smelts+/smelter: smelters/smeltery: smelteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spawning surf smelt and sand lance use the shoreline, too.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Moyle, the Delta smelt expert, believes that’s possible because of “smelt cams” and other monitoring systems already in place.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Ms. Feinstein said in March that federal agencies are restricting pumping “even though available data suggested no smelt or salmon were anywhere near the pumps.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 熔炼，提炼（矿石）
n. 银白鱼，胡瓜鱼
v. 嗅，闻( smell的过去式和过去分词 ); 闻到; 嗅出; 觉察出
时态：smelted, smelting, smelts
分布：熔炼(45%)，胡瓜鱼(35%)，香鱼(15%)，动词smell的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
→来自低地德语 smelten,熔化，熔炼，来自 Proto-Germanic*smeltana,熔化，融化，来自 smeld, 熔化，融化，词源同 melt,meld.引申词义提炼金属。
【区】melt（v 熔化－用热、压力等使固态转化为液态）
verb UK past simple and past participle of
■smell
[smelt] verb transitive
■to get a metal from rock by heating it to a very high temperature, or to melt objects made from metal in order to use the metal to make something new 提炼，炼取
vt. 熔炼，冶炼；精炼
 - refine
n. 香鱼； [鱼] 胡瓜鱼
 - ayu, sparling

Word: sheila
Front: sheila
[ˈʃi:lə] (-/5846)
Back: n. <澳新俚>女郎，少女
分布：年轻女子(67%)，希拉(女子名(33%)
→爱尔兰常见少女名，对应于英语名字 Celia,缩写自 Cecilia.如张柏芝英文名 Cecilia Cheung,韩 雪英文名 Cecilia Han.后首字母小写并通用化为少女，姑娘。
Australian slang
noun countable
■a girl or a woman 少女；女人
n. 少女；姑娘，小姐
 - Miss, girl, bride

Word: senseless
Front: senseless
[ˈsensləs] (六 12428/14544 -1)
Back: adj. 无知的; 愚蠢的; 无意义的; 无感觉的
分布：无意义的(52%)，无感觉的(22%)，无意识的(18%)，不省人事的(8%)
→sense,感觉，知觉，意义，含义，-less,无，没有。
adjective
NO JUDGMENT 没有判断力
■not having good judgment or a good or useful purpose 不明智的；无意义的；愚蠢的
• a senseless argument 无意义的争论
• senseless killings/violence/deaths 无谓的谋杀／暴力／死亡
['sent.sləs] adjective
NOT CONSCIOUS 没有知觉的
■unconscious 失去知觉的
• Panos was beaten senseless by the burglars. 帕诺斯被窃贼们打得不省人事。
sensible, senseless, sensitive
sensible: 懂事的，明智的。如：He is a sensible child.(他是个懂事的孩子。)
senseless: 愚蠢的(常作定语)；无知觉的(常作表语)。
sensitive: 有感觉的，敏感的。如：Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛对光敏感。)
adj. 愚蠢的；无知觉的；无意识的
 - mechanical, automatic, foolish, stupid, silly

Word: straighten
Front: straighten
[ˈstreɪtn] (六 4877/5773 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 变直，把…弄直; 整理，整顿; 使…改正; 使…好转
vi. 变好起来
时态：straightened, straightening, straightens
分布：整顿(46%)，弄直(29%)，挺直(21%)，使正确(4%)
→straight,直的，正的，-en,使。
US [-ən] verb
NOT CURVING 挺直
intransitive or transitive
■to become straight or to make something become straight （使）变直，（使）挺直，弄直
• He straightened his tie. 他把领带拉正。
• Her hair is naturally curly but she always straightens it. 她的头发是自然卷，但她老是把它拉直。
• The road straightens out after a few miles. 公路过了几英里后就直了。
UK ['streɪ.tən] US [-ən] verb
LEVEL 调正
transitive
■to make something level 使变平直；把…弄正
• The picture fell while I was trying to straighten it. 我想把画的位置调正，结果它掉下来了。
UK ['streɪ.tən] US [-ən] verb
TIDY 整齐的
transitive
■to make something tidy 整理；收拾整齐
• She stood up and straightened her clothes. 她站起来，把衣服整理一下。
• Pepe was careful to straighten his room before leaving. 佩佩很细心，走之前把房间收拾整齐。
UK ['streɪ.tən] US [-ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] straighten sb out informal
■to improve someone's behaviour 使（某人）改邪归正，使（某人）端正行为
• I thought that once he got a girlfriend that would straighten him out. 我认为他一旦有了女朋友就会迷途知返。
UK ['streɪ.tən] US [-ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] straighten sth out
SITUATION
■to solve a problem or to deal successfully with a confusing situation 解决（问题）；成功应付（困境）
• Once we get these problems straightened out, we should be all right. 我们一旦把这些问题解决掉，就会没事的。
PLACE
■to make something tidy or organized 整理好；把…清理干净；把…收拾整齐
• Could you straighten out these cupboards, please? 你能把碗橱收拾干净吗？
UK ['streɪ.tən] US [-ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  straighten up
POSITION
■to stand straight after bending at the waist 挺直身体，直起身
BEHAVIOUR US
■to behave well after behaving badly 改邪归正，改过自新
• You'd better straighten up or else! 你最好改邪归正，否则有你好看的！
UK ['streɪ.tən] US [-ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] straighten sth up
■to make a place tidy 整理好；清理干净；把…收拾整齐
• Mark and I managed to straighten up the house before our parents got home. 马克和我赶在爸爸妈妈回家之前收拾好了屋子。
vt. 整顿；使…改正；使…挺直；使…好转
 - set in order, untangle
vi. 变直；好转
 - change for the better, take a turn for the better

Word: squadron
Front: squadron
[ˈskwɒdrən] (10116/4437 -1)
Vocabulary: squadron
(once / 396 pages)
n
In the military, a squadron is a small unit sent out from the main group to do some particular task. In the air force, for example, a squadron might fly out on a surveillance mission.
This word comes from the military, but the meaning varies depending on the branch. In the army, a squadron is a cavalry (horses) unit that has at least two troops, which are smaller collections of soldiers. The squadron also includes a headquarters and support. In the air force, a squadron has at least two flights, which are the equivalent of troops. An air force squadron is smaller than a group and bigger than a flight in the basic chain of command.
WORD FAMILY
squadron: squadrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
These recruits were intended to cycle through military-contracting companies and newly formed units called “science squadrons,” established on military bases around the country.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
These recruits were intended to cycle through military contracting companies and newly formed units called “science squadrons,” established on military bases around the country.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Gen. Mark Wise said in a statement the decision was based on issues concerning the squadron’s command climate.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 中队; 骑兵中队; 飞行中队; 有组织的一个群体
vt. 把…编成中队
分布：骑兵中队(51%)，一群(28%)，装甲连(21%)
→来自意大利语 squadrone,大队，中队，来自 squadra,营，队伍，词源同 square,方阵，-one,大 词后缀。
US ['skwɑ:.drən] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a unit of one of the armed forces, especially (in Britain) the air force or the navy （尤指英国空军或海军的）中队
n. 空军中队；一群；骑兵中队；分遣队；小舰队
 - pack, cohort

Word: steadfast
Front: steadfast
[ˈstedfɑ:st] (托雅宝 15551/21825 -1)
Vocabulary: steadfast
(once / 657 pages)
adj
Someone who is firm and determined in a belief or a position can be called steadfast in that view, like your mom when she thinks you really shouldn’t wear that outfit.
The word steadfast traces back to the Old English word stedefæst, a combination of stede, meaning "place," and fæst, meaning "firmly fixed." Picture a steadfast person standing firmly in place, not wavering or budging an inch, and you’ll have a good sense of what this word means. Someone can be steadfast in a belief, an effort, a plan, or even a refusal. Whatever it is, it means that the person will calmly hold firm to the chosen position and follow through with determination.
WORD FAMILY
steadfast: steadfastedly, steadfastly, steadfastness+/steadfastness: steadfastnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
We want to be as steadfast in adversity as they are.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Samantha Power, defended the vote as consistent with “steadfast and unparalleled commitment to the security of Israel,” CNN reported Friday.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In words borrowed from the monastic rite of Compline, Hunthausen with Ryan’s help chose to “resist, steadfast in the faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚定的; 固定的; 不动摇的; 不变的
分布：坚定的(93%)，毫不动摇的(7%)
→stead,位置，地方，fast,坚固的，紧的，词源同 fasten.
坚定的;固定的(stead[=stand]+fast稳固的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stead＝stand站，fast（adj 牢的；忠实的）－忠实的；稳定的
【反】capricious（adj 反复无常的）
US [-fæst] approving
adjective
■staying the same for a long time and not changing quickly or unexpectedly 长期不变的；坚定的，不动摇的
• a steadfast friend/ally 忠实的朋友／盟友
• steadfast loyalty 毫不动摇的忠诚
• The group remained steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticized in the newspapers. 这个团体始终坚定不移地支持新体制，即使遭到报纸批评的时候也毫不动摇。
adj. 坚定的；不变的
 - committed, firm, constant, confirmed, permanent

Word: toxicity
Front: toxicity
[tɒkˈsɪsəti] (12322/17242)
Back: n. 毒性，毒力
分布：毒性(99%)，毒效(1%)
→toxic,有毒的，-ity,名词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
有毒的;毒性的;引起中毒的
A toxic substance is poisonous.
例：...the cost of cleaning up toxic waste...清除有毒废弃物的成本
例：These products are not toxic to humans.这些产品对人类没有毒性。
n. [毒物] 毒性
 - poisonousness, cardiotoxicity

Word: teamwork
Front: teamwork
[ˈti:mwɜ:k] (高 11799/15491)
Vocabulary: teamwork
(once / 13104 pages)
n
Winning the World Cup takes some serious teamwork or coordinated effort of each player.
Break teamwork apart and you've got the definition: a team that works well together is one that's exhibiting teamwork. Teamwork is not just for sports. Business people working on a large project, a crew of pilots working to land a plane, or a naval ship full of marines all need teamwork. Each person plays their part to help achieve a larger goal. Often people refer to teamwork as a skill. When you work well in teams, you have great teamwork skills.
WORD FAMILY
teamwork: teamworks
USAGE EXAMPLES
With themes of courage and teamwork, this epic animated adventure is set in an alternative fantasy Japan.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They’re excellent role models, and their story is full of positive messages and themes, including integrity, perseverance, teamwork and communication.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The fall is the grand finale, a physical act that demands abs of steel, steadfast teamwork and infinite patience.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 协力; 配合; 联合作业; 集体工作
分布：合作(93%)，协同工作(7%)
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■when a group of people work well together 配合，合作，协作
• Brilliant teamwork and old fashioned grit got the team a last minute point. 凭借着密切的配合和英勇顽强的斗志，该队在最后一刻得了一分。
• Her determination, teamwork skills and leadership capabilities convinced us that she was perfect for the job. 她的意志力、协作技巧和领导能力令我们相信她非常适合这份工作。
n. 团队合作；协力
 - cooperation

Word: taxonomy
Front: taxonomy
[tækˈsɒnəmi] (14140/21977)
Vocabulary: taxonomy
(once / 23686 pages)
n
Taxonomy is all about organizing and classifying. To make it sound more scientific, you could refer to your project of reorganizing your spice rack according to smell as a taxonomy of spices.
Taxonomy is a word used mainly in biology to talk about classifying living organisms, organizing them according to their similarities. If you've ever seen a chart with animals divided into species, genus, and family, you know what scientific taxonomy is. The word comes very straightforwardly from Greek words for "arrangement" — taxis — and "method" — nomia. So any special method for arranging or organizing things can be called taxonomy.
WORD FAMILY
taxonomy: taxonomic, taxonomical, taxonomist +/taxonomic: taxonomically/ taxonomist: taxonomists
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a prerequisite for these actions, the community must agree on accepted taxonomy and nomenclature.
Nature(Oct 25, 2016)
Taken in Mexico, Italy, Japan, Mozambique and elsewhere, these photographs are far from ordinary botany or taxonomy.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
But the assessment of mental disorders changed to a more objective system of taxonomy in 1980 with the publication of the DSM-III.
Slate(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. （生物）分类学，分类系统
分布：名词(100%)
→来自希腊语 taxis,安排，排列，分类，-nomy,学说。
US [-'sɑ:.nə-] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■a system for naming and organizing things, especially plants and animals, into groups which share similar qualities 分类学；生物分类学
n. [生物] 分类学；分类法
 - systematics, taxis

Word: unquestionably
Front: unquestionably
[ʌn'kwestʃənəblɪ] (托 13286/13953)
Back: adv. 毫无疑问地，确凿地
分布：无可非议地(67%)，当然地(33%)
ADJ
显然的；不容置疑的
If you describe something as unquestionable, you are emphasizing that it is so obviously true or real that nobody can doubt it.
例：He inspires affection and respect as a man of unquestionable integrity...他无可争议的忠诚正直赢得了人们的爱戴和尊敬。
例：There is an unquestionable link between job losses and deteriorating services.人员的裁减和服务质量的下降之间显然是有联系的。
adv. 无可非议地；确凿地
 - justifiably

Word: unregistered
Front: unregistered
['ʌn'redʒɪstəd] (24166/17603)
Back: adj. 未注册的，未登记的
分布：未注册的(50%)，未登记的(50%)

Word: treatise
Front: treatise
[ˈtri:tɪs] (雅宝 11509/12500 -1)
Vocabulary: treatise
(once / 511 pages)
n
Our principal published her fifty-page "Treatise on Gum Chewing" days before she was carted away by men in white coats. Treatises are formal papers that treat a specific subject. Gum chewing shouldn't merit one.
Treatise is related to the verb treat, which means "deal with." A doctor treats a patient. A teacher treats the senator's child with kid gloves. Treatise means a written paper or exposition that deals with or treats a specific subject.
WORD FAMILY
treatise: treatises
USAGE EXAMPLES
His 1543 treatise “On the Jews and Their Lies” calls for the burning of synagogues and Jewish homes.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Philosopher of science Eric Scerri asserts otherwise in this thoughtful treatise on research as evolution, not revolution — collective, piecemeal endeavour rather than heroic act.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Some of these treatises were important turning points in art history; others are nearly forgotten.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 论文; 论述; 专著
分布：论文(70%)，论述(30%)
→treat,对待，处理，-ise,名词后缀。引申词义论文。
论文(treat治疗;研究+ise)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
【记】treat对待，ise－对待一个问题的论文－专题论文
US [-tˌɪs] noun countable
■a formal piece of writing that considers and examines a particular subject 专题论文；专著
• a six-volume treatise on trademark law 一册六卷的商标法专著
n. 论述；论文；专著
 - thesis, dissertation, discourse

Word: amt
Front: amt
['æmt] None
Back: n. 丹麦最大的行政单位
分布：总额(50%)，合计)(25%)，数量(值(25%)

Word: alias
Front: alias
[ˈeɪliəs] (宝 21758/19639 -1)
Vocabulary: alias
(once / 2083 pages)
nadv
Your alias could be as important as the name you use when you’re on the run from the cops or as simple as your screen name on social networking site. Either way, an alias a temporary name, one you don’t use all the time or for every occasion.
If you crash your parents' lovingly-restored MG into the garage when you aren't even supposed to be driving it, it might be easier to skip town and live under an assumed name, or alias, than deal with their reaction. Alias can also be used as an adverb to mean “also known as." You might swing back into town after things have cooled off with mom and dad and introduce your new boyfriend “John Smith, alias Lock Jaw Johnnie, wanted in 39 states.” Or not.
WORD FAMILY
alias: aliases
USAGE EXAMPLES
Court documents say Gilbert used the name Gilbert Clifford as an alias.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The arrest warrant lists six different aliases used by Anis Amri, who at times tried to pass himself off as an Egyptian or Lebanese.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
But it lists multiple aliases, many of them variants on his name, and Egyptian and Lebanese citizenship as well.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 别名，化名
adv. 以化名为人所知; 化名为; 别名为; 别称又被称为
分布：别名(88%)，化名(10%)，另外地(1%)，又被称为(1%)
→拉丁词。词根al, 其它，同else.
【记】alias源于bias（n 偏见），因为别名、化名就是怕别人对他的从前产生偏见而起的另一个名字，目的是误导别人。
preposition
■used when giving the name that a person is generally known by, after giving their real name 又名，亦名；化名为
• Grace Kelly, alias Princess Grace of Monaco 葛莉丝‧凯莉，或称摩纳哥葛莉丝王妃
['eɪ.li.əs] noun countable
■a false name, especially one used by a criminal （尤指罪犯用的）化名，假名
• He travels under (= using) an alias. 他使用化名旅行。
n. 别名，化名
 - allonym, byname

Word: ag
Front: ag
[æx] None
Back: adj. 农业的
分布：农业的(36%)，ad-的变体(16%)，元素银的符号(16%)，农业课题的(16%)，用以对他人的话作出反应或表示气愤(16%)

Word: vignette
Front: vignette
[vɪnˈjet] (12114/22141)
Vocabulary: vignette
(once / 5518 pages)
1n 2n
A vignette is a brief but powerful scene. A good vignette leaves you wanting more.
Over the centuries a vignette has taken on different forms. Originally it was one of those small sketches you find in the front of old books, often with decorative bands of ivy around its edges (the word comes from the French vigne for vineyard). When cinema came along, a vignette became a quick portrait in film of a character. Some films, like Robert Altman's Short Cuts, are essentially just a compilation of individual vignettes.
WORD FAMILY
vignette: vignettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
This vignette gets its bathetic comedy from the collision of two scales: the immensity of war and its mass casualties hitting against private comforts.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There were athletes and coaches whose stories touched us, as well as folks connected to the sports world who contributed their own uplifting vignettes.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 装饰图案，小插图
vt. 把…印放为虚光照
分布：小插图(40%)，晕映(18%)，简介(18%)，简洁地表述(6%)，小场景(6%)，简述(6%)，晕映照(6%)
→来自法语vigne,葡萄，词源同vine,wine,插入字母g，比较campaign,来自campania,平地。原义为书页页边的装饰插图，因形如葡萄藤而得名，后引申词义简介，花絮。
【记】vigne＝vine（n 葡萄树），tte小：源于用葡萄卷须作装饰花边
noun countable
■a short piece of writing, music, acting, etc. which clearly expresses the typical characteristics of something or someone （清晰描述特点的）短文，片段，小插曲
• She wrote several vignettes of small-town life. 她写了几篇关于小镇生活的短文。

Word: ache
Front: ache
[eɪk] (中高研四 7717/8267 -2)
Vocabulary: ache
(once / 369 pages)
nv
An ache is a dull, lingering pain. An ache in your calves after your morning jog might mean you didn't stretch enough before you started running.
You might describe your discomfort as a head ache or a stomach ache — in either case, there's a throbbing or continuous pain. A non-physical hurt can also be called an ache, and you can use the word as a verb in either case: "It feels like my heart will ache forever, since my sweet cat died." The Old English root is acan, "to suffer pain," possibly from an imitative Proto-Indo-European word that sounds like a groan.
WORD FAMILY
ache: ached, aches, aching, achy +/ aching: achingly, achings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it was a chance to explore what drives this man and his passion for counseling and teaching hoops in this achingly beautiful land.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As a young man, he converted from Judaism to Christianity, aching to be accepted as a German patriot.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But Mother Nature is nothing if not compelling, and my broodiness sat in my core like an ache.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 疼痛
vi. 疼痛; 渴望
时态：ached, aching, aches
分布：痛(86%)，渴望(10%)，隐痛(4%)
→词源不确定。可能同词根ac, 尖，刺。辅音字母加h多见于希腊词。
vi.痛;哀怜n.(指连续)疼痛,酸痛The feeble man feels an ache on his heels and knees when he kneels on the steel steering wheel.当虚弱男子跪在钢舵轮上时他的脚跟和双膝感到疼痛.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a continuous pain which is unpleasant but not strong （持续的）疼痛，隐痛
• As you get older, you have all sorts of aches and pains. 人老了，就会有各种各样的病痛。
• I've got a dull (= slight) ache in my lower back. 我背部靠近腰的地方隐隐作痛。
 IMPROVER
■used in combinations with parts of the body to mean a continuous pain in the stated part （与表示身体部位的词一起构成合成词，表示该部位的持续疼痛）
• earache/headache/toothache/backache 耳痛／头痛／牙痛／背痛
• I've had a stomach ache all morning. 我胃痛了一个上午。
[eɪk] verb intransitive
 IMPROVER
■to have a continuous pain that is unpleasant but not strong （持续的）疼痛，隐痛
• My head/tooth/back aches. 我的头／牙／背疼。
• I ache/I'm aching all over. 我浑身疼痛。
• I've got one or two aching muscles after yesterday's run. 昨天跑步之后我有一两处肌肉隐隐作痛。
[eɪk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  ache for sth literary
■to want something very much 渴望
• He was lonely and aching for love. 寂寞的他渴盼着爱的甘露。
sore, ache, pain
这组词都有“疼、疼痛”的意思，其区别是：
sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。
ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
vi. [临床] 疼痛；渴望
 - rare, aspire
n. [临床] 疼痛
 - pain, achiness

Word: amiss
Front: amiss
[əˈmɪs] (宝 17594/9100)
Vocabulary: amiss
(once / 1179 pages)
advadj
When things are out of their proper places or not happening the way they should, we say they are amiss. And remember, amiss is as good as a mile.
The word amiss can be used as an adverb, as in the sentence, "I spoke amiss." Or you could use it as an adjective, as when you think something is wrong or missing — "Something in the room is amiss." Either way, amiss refers to something that is wrong, off the mark, or "missed" (note the connection). Once in a while, the word amiss can imply that something fishy or foul has taken place. In Hamlet, when Marcellus said, "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark," he might as well have said, "Something in Denmark is amiss."
WORD FAMILY
amiss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael McKenna, a former Energy Department official in George W. Bush’s administration who initially led Mr. Trump’s Energy Department transition, saw nothing amiss.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
This was Mr. Glenn’s first real clue that something was amiss.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 出了差错的; 有毛病的; 有缺陷的; （用于否定句）不恰当的
adv. 不恰当地; 不顺当地; 错误地; （可能因误会）对…生气
分布：有毛病的(30%)，出差错的(20%)，有缺点的(10%)，有毛病地(10%)，不合适地(10%)，出差错地(10%)，不合适的(10%)
adjective [after verb]
■wrong; not suitable or not as expected 不对的；不合适的；不正常的
• I could see by the look on their faces that something was amiss. 我从他们的神情上看出，有些事情出了差错。
not go amiss informal
■If something might/would not go amiss, it would be useful and might help to improve a situation 并非无用；并非没益处
• A word of apology might not go amiss. 道个歉或许并无坏处。
• A sense of proportion would not go amiss in all of this. 在这种情况下有点分寸应该还是有好处的。
take sth amiss
■to be offended by something that someone has said to you 因…而见怪；对某人的话不高兴
• I was worried that he might take my remark amiss. 我担心他也许会对我的话见怪。
adj. 有毛病的，有缺陷的；出差错的
 - deficient, disabled
adv. 错误地
 - wrong, in error, incorrectly, mistakenly, falsely

Word: apathetic
Front: apathetic
[ˌæpəˈθetɪk] (托 19822/19087)
Vocabulary: apathetic
(once / 4057 pages)
adj
Apathetic is an adjective that describes the feeling of being bored with what’s going on around you. If you don’t care one way or another, you’re apathetic.
The Greek word pathos describes a type of emotional suffering that afflicts people who are super sensitive to their environment. Pathos is a root word of apathetic, but the prefix a- turns it into the opposite: emotional boredom, insensitivity, and a lack of enthusiasm. Maybe you feel apathetic because nothing around you stirs your interest, or maybe it’s because you need some coffee.
WORD FAMILY
apathetic: apathetically+/ apathy: apathetic, apathies
USAGE EXAMPLES
You’re sad, apathetic and irritable for weeks or months at a time.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
To be sure, Woods is far from apathetic about how he fares on the course this week and beyond.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
An apathetic generation, concluded the ministers, who returned to twiddling their thumbs.
Economist(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无感情的; 冷淡的; 无兴趣的; 无动于衷的
分布：无动于衷的(40%)，冷淡的(34%)，缺乏兴趣的(13%)，缺乏感情的(13%)
冷漠的(a+path+etic)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
冷漠的(a无+pathet感情+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【反】vehement（adj 激烈的；情感热烈的）
US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
■showing no interest or energy; unwilling to take action, especially over something important 无兴趣的；懈怠的；（尤指对重要事情）不关心的，无动于衷的
• Young people today are so apathetic about politics. 现在的年轻人太不关心政治。
• Don't be so apathetic - how are you going to get a job if you don't even write a letter? 别那么吊儿郎当的，连求职信都不写，你怎么能找到工作？
adj. 冷漠的；无动于衷的，缺乏兴趣的
 - distant, impassive

Word: aurora
Front: aurora
[ɔː'rɔːrə] (托宝 18136/27685)
Vocabulary: aurora
(once / 6712 pages)
1n 2n
An aurora consists of bands of light in the sky along the north and south poles. An aurora is a beautiful astronomical light show.
If you look up at night and see bright bands of light, it's not an invasion by aliens: it's a natural, electrical phenomenon called an aurora. An aurora can happen at either of the Earth's magnetic poles, north or south. An aurora is considered one of the most gorgeous natural occurrences, and you’re lucky if you see one. The two types of auroras are called aurora borealis and aurora australis — which mean northern lights and southern lights, respectively.
WORD FAMILY
aurora: aurorae, auroral, auroras, aurorean+/ auroral: aurorally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some savored the profound quiet, or a perfect sunrise, or shimmering green aurorae on white snow.
Science Magazine(Nov 23, 2016)
The new book has his infrared images of an erupting volcano in Patagonia, underwater coral dunes in the Bahamas and amoeba-like incandescent auroras.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Iceland is one of the best places in the world to observe the aurora borealis, or northern lights.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 晨曦; 曙光; 朝霞; 北极光
分布：极光(92%)，曙光(8%)
【源】源于罗马神话中的奥罗拉黎明女神，据说极光预示着黎明的到来。
【记】发音酷似"好柔弱"－当然柔弱了，这可是北极的美眉，你在这能看见就不错了！！！
n. [地物] 极光；曙光
 - polar lights

Word: antagonise
Front: antagonise
[æn'tægəˌnaɪz] (-/19892)
Back: vt. 使成为敌人; 引起…敌对[对抗]; 对…起反作用; 中和
时态：antagonised, antagonising, antagonises
分布：骚扰(50%)，使 ... 对抗(50%)
vt. 使敌对；抵销
 - cancel out

Word: amyloid
Front: amyloid
['æmɪ'lɔɪd] (32349/-)
Back: adj. 淀粉质的，含淀粉的
n. 淀粉食物，淀粉体
分布：淀粉体(39%)，淀粉质的(23%)，含淀粉的(19%)，淀粉质食物(19%)
adj. [有化] 含淀粉的；淀粉质的
 - starchy, farinaceous

Word: bogeyman
Front: bogeyman
[ˈbəʊgimæn] (25383/24416)
Back: n. 可怕（或可憎）的人或物，妖怪，精灵
分布：可怕的人(67%)，=bogyman.(33%)
n. 可怕的人或物；妖怪（等于bogyman）
 - bogyman, bogle

Word: bridle
Front: bridle
[ˈbraɪdl] (六宝 19059/12851 -1)
Vocabulary: bridle
(once / 522 pages)
1nv 2v
When you're riding a horse and scream "Whoa!" to make it stop, you're pulling on the reins, which are attached to a thing called the bridle, the buckled straps around a horse's head that help you control its movements.
The word bridle comes from the Old English bridel meaning "rein, curb, restraint," which is precisely what the purpose of a bridle is — to help restrain a horse's movements when necessary. You can bridle a horse, which is the act of putting a bridle on it. If you yank too hard on the reins, your horse might bridle, or take offense to your aggressiveness, just like you might bridle if someone insulted you.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
bridal / bridle
Bridal is related to a bride, but bridle refers to a part of a horse's harness and what you do with it. Although the words sound the same, they run in different circles unless you're getting a horse ready for her wedding.
Bridal refers to something to do with a bride or a wedding. It comes from the Old English word brydealo for wedding feast. It's formed from bryd, for bride, and ealo, or ale, which was often drunk at wedding feasts. Here's bridal in the news:
There are bridal trends that will never go away, such as the classic white gown and the big balloon skirt. (ABC News)
Forgo the champagne treatment a bridal boutique often provides. (Associated Press)
"I wanted nothing bridal, nothing white," Mr. Alexandre said. (New York Times)
The word bridle also comes from an Old English word, meaning "to move quickly."  Used as a noun, bridle is part of a horse's harness. As a verb, it can be used to mean restrain, as you would a horse in its bridle. If you bridle at something, you're angry or offended.
Before the tent sits a cavalier, glass in hand and holding a horse by the bridle, talking to a woman standing in front of him. (Esther Singleton)
As a result, I instantly bridle at news the government could sell off these beautiful and therapeutic spaces in search of a quick buck. (BusinessGreen.com)
You can think of this form of bridal as bride + -al, and all of the stuff that goes with a wedding, but bridle is the thing that restrains a horse, and what you might do if someone tried to put a leather harness on your head.
WORD FAMILY
bridle: bridled, bridles, bridling, unbridle+/unbridle: unbridled, unbridles, unbridling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Every time he saw a horse around him he jumped into the bridle.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The Kremlin had strained relations with McFaul when he was ambassador, bridling at his contacts with the opposition.
Reuters(Nov 12, 2016)
Forever Bridled finished third, while Stellar Wind, the second-favourite behind Songbird, was only fourth.
The Guardian(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 约束; 缰绳; 系带; [航]系船索（链）
vt. 抑制，约束; 给…套笼头; 仰头，昂首
vi. 昂首表示轻蔑; 动怒，生气
时态：bridled, bridling, bridles
分布：动怒(50%)，给 ... 套笼头(50%)
【记】1）bride（n 新娘），婚后新娘会控制新郎，成为半边天。2）读：不愿动。因为被抑制，控制了。3）来自ride骑，前边有个b不：不骑。用马笼头来实现。
【反】without restraint（没有控制）
noun countable
■a set of leather strips that are put around a horse's head to allow its rider to control it 马笼头；马勒
['braɪ.dl] verb
SHOW ANGER 生气
intransitive
■to show sudden anger 动怒，发火
• She bridled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest. 有人暗指她曾经不诚实，这使她大为光火。
['braɪ.dl] verb
CONTROL ANIMAL 限制动物
transitive
■to put a bridle on a horse or similar animal 为（马或其他类似动物）装上马笼头
• Polly saddled and bridled her favourite horse. 波莉给她最喜爱的马装上马鞍和笼头。
bridle, check, refrain, curb, inhibit, restrain
这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：
bridle: 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。
check: 多指阻止前进或继续发展。
refrain: 常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。
curb: 可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。
inhibit: 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。
restrain: 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。
n. 缰绳；马勒；系带；约束物
 - trace, haltere
vt. 控制；给装马勒
 - possess, contain, regulate, bit, bottle
vi. 昂首表示轻蔑；生气
 - pet, take offense

Word: belch
Front: belch
[beltʃ] (宝 17429/16119 -1)
Back: vi. 打嗝，嗳气; 喷出，吐出; 埋怨，抱怨
vt. 打嗝，嗳气; 喷射，喷出; 态度蛮横地发出（叱咤等）
n. 打嗝，嗳气; 喷出物; 喷吐，喷射; 劣质啤酒
时态：belched, belching, belches
分布：打嗝(72%)，喷出(28%)
→拟声词。
【记】读：白痴。人在打嗝的时候比较象白痴，而且白痴吃东西的时候容易喷的到处都是－猛烈喷出。读：别吃！别吃了，吃的都打嗝了，还吃？
verb intransitive or transitive
■to allow air from the stomach to come out noisily through the mouth 打嗝
• He belched noisily. 他发出很响的打嗝声。
• figurative The exhaust pipe belched out (= produced) dense black smoke. 排气管喷出浓浓的黑烟。
vi. 打嗝；喷出
 - eruct, spout out
vt. 打嗝；喷出
 - spout out, spit up
n. 打嗝；喷出物
 - gurk, eructation

Word: bleach
Front: bleach
[bli:tʃ] (六托雅宝 14729/12820 -1)
Vocabulary: bleach
(once / 1453 pages)
vn
To bleach is to whiten, or to strip of color. After many summers of use, the sun will bleach your favorite beach towel.
You might bleach your white laundry, or bleach your dark brown hair until it's pale blonde. In both cases, you use bleach, a strong chemical solution that can often be found in laundry rooms and hair salons. The Old English root word is blæcan, "bleach" or "whiten," from a Germanic source it curiously shares with the word black.
WORD FAMILY
bleach: bleached, bleacher, bleaches, bleaching+/bleached: unbleached/bleacher: bleachers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They also said their supervisors would often wait outside while bleach fumes filled the room.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
A knife was also found in a bottle of bleach.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
A coral researcher sounded the alarm over massive bleaching at the Great Barrier Reef.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 漂白; 使褪色
n. 漂白剂; 漂白
时态：bleached, bleaching, bleaches
分布：漂白(63%)，漂白剂(33%)，变白(4%)
→词源同blanch, 漂白。
noun uncountable
■a strong chemical used for cleaning things or removing colour from things 漂白剂
[bli:tʃ] verb transitive
■to remove the colour from something or make it lighter using chemicals 漂白；使褪色；使色彩变淡
• Gary's had his hair bleached. 加里把头发漂成了浅色。
vt. [纺] 使漂白，使变白
 - snow
vi. 变白， [纺] 漂白
 - go white, whiten
n. [纺] 漂白剂
 - decolorant, whitener

Word: beater
Front: beater
[ˈbi:tə(r)] (17910/19536 -1)
Back: n. 拍打器; 敲打者; 助猎者; （狩猎中）使猎物从掩蔽处惊起的人
分布：搅拌器(69%)，助猎者(21%)，敲打者(10%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
DEVICE 仪器
■a device which is used for repeatedly hitting something, especially in order to clean it, or for mixing especially foods. Beater is often used as a combining form （清洁某物的）拍打器；（尤指食物）搅拌机；打浆机
• an electric beater 电动搅拌机
• a carpet-beater 地毯拍打器
• an egg-beater 打蛋器
UK ['bi:.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■used as a combining form to mean a person who repeatedly hits people, especially members of their family （尤指经常打家人的）打人者
• a child-beater 经常打孩子的人
• a wife-beater 经常打老婆的人
■a person paid by hunters to force birds and animals into a place where they can be seen and therefore shot （受雇）将鸟兽从隐蔽处赶出来的人
n. [机] 搅拌器； [食品] [纸] 打浆机；助猎者
 - mixer, agitator

Word: casablanca
Front: casablanca
[ˌkæsəˈblæŋkə] (-/23371)
Back: 卡萨布兰卡（摩洛哥西北部港市）（即达尔贝达）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: courteous
Front: courteous
[ˈkɜ:tiəs] (六托 14858/11608 -1)
Vocabulary: courteous
(once / 458 pages)
adj
If you are courteous, your good manners show friendliness and concern for others, like your courteous habit of holding the door for people entering a building with you.
The adjective courteous comes from the Old French word curteis, which means “having courtly bearing or manners.” Courtly described the court — nobles who hung around the castle, the entourage of kings and queens. Their refined manners, not to mention their wealth and power, set them apart from the masses. So courteous behavior is a reminder of the value of good manners.
WORD FAMILY
courteous: courteously, discourteous+/discourteous: discourteously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christopher played the camp chaplain, a courteous and compassionate presence who counselled medical staff and patients amid the chaos of the war.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Also, rave to the shoppers who were courteous and patient as we maneuvered through the aisles.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She thanked her “fabulous” audience: “You are kind, you are thoughtful, you are courteous,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 有礼貌的; 谦恭的; 殷勤的; 客气
分布：有礼貌的(77%)，殷勤的(23%)
→来自court, 宫廷，宫廷礼仪。
有礼貌的(court礼貌+eous;参考:coirtly典雅的有礼貌的)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
【记】court（n 宫廷）ous多：宫廷里面需要彬彬有礼的人
【参】courtesy（n 礼貌；谦恭）
US ['kɝ:.tˌi-] adjective
■polite and respectful; well-mannered 有礼貌的；谦恭有礼的
• Although she often disagreed with me, she was always courteous. 尽管她常常和我意见不一致，却总是客气有礼。
polite, civil, courteous
这组词都有“礼貌的、客气的”的意思，其区别是：
polite: 普通常用词，指言论举止无论何时均严谨有礼，很有教养。
civil: 语气弱于polite，着重只达到社交的一般要求，避免粗鲁。
courteous: 指言谈举止典雅，谦恭有礼，更侧重考虑他人的感情与尊严。
adj. 有礼貌的；谦恭的
 - civil, polite

Word: crafty
Front: crafty
[ˈkrɑ:fti] (托宝 18577/14501 -1)
Vocabulary: crafty
(once / 1073 pages)
adj
If people call you crafty, they probably mean you are sly and a little deceptive. Then again, they could be saying that you are really good at knitting, beading, or turning old t-shirts into funky pillowcases.
The adjective crafty comes from the Old English word cræftig, which meant “strong” or “powerful,” but the meaning of crafty these days has to do with being skilled at getting what you want through manipulation, deceit and trickery. Dickens’ Artful Dodger, the con-man from "Oliver Twist," is crafty. Handmade items, and sometimes the people who make them, can also be called crafty, like your crafty sister who always makes you unique birthday gifts.
WORD FAMILY
crafty: craftier, craftiest, craftily, craftiness, craftyly+/ craft: crafted, crafter, crafting, crafts, crafty /crafter: crafters
USAGE EXAMPLES
His co-main event Friday will be the third of the year for the crafty bantamweight champ.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The signs the protesters carried were predictably crafty.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Get crafty this holiday season with homemade gifts from the kitchen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡猾的，狡诈的; 巧妙的，灵巧的
adv. 狡猾地，狡诈地
n. 狡猾，狡诈
级别：craftier, craftiest
分布：狡猾的(84%)，巧妙的(10%)，熟练的(6%)
→来自craft, 工艺。
【记】craft（n 手腕；技巧；诡计）
US ['kræf-] adjective
■clever, especially in a dishonest or secret way 狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的
• I've had a crafty idea for getting round the regulations. 我想出了个妙计可以不受这些规定的约束。
• She was a crafty old woman. 她是个诡计多端的老太太。
adj. 狡猾的；灵巧的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, tricky, neat

Word: conflate
Front: conflate
[kənˈfleɪt] (宝 19279/24958)
Vocabulary: conflate
(once / 55752 pages)
v
Conflate is a more formal way to say "mix together." You probably wouldn't say you conflated the ingredients for a cake, but if you blended two different stories together to make a new one, conflate would work.
The verb conflate comes to us from the Latin word conflare, which literally means "to blow together." So think of using this word when you want to talk about two things getting thrown together and combined. Things that have been conflated often seem mixed up or confused, as when you conflate two different ideas, taking parts of one and parts of another to build your own Frankenstein version of things.
WORD FAMILY
conflate: conflated, conflates, conflating
USAGE EXAMPLES
These days, the U.S. stresses level playing fields in foreign elections, a message that less-than-free governments often conflate with interference.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
In Breivik’s, Mair’s and Roof’s estimation — one shared, at least in spirit, by many mainstream conservatives — the nation is entirely conflated with whiteness and maleness.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Ronald Reagan famously insisted on repeating tall tales; he conflated Hollywood with reality.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 合并，混合
时态：conflated, conflating, conflates
分布：合并(75%)，异文合并(25%)
→con-, 强调。-flat, 吹，膨胀，词源同 blow, flatulent.
【记】con一起，flat吹气－吹到一起－合并
【参】inflate（v 充气，使（通货）膨胀）；deflate（v 放气，使缩小）
verb transitive
■to combine two or more separate things, especially pieces of text, to form a whole 合并，结合，混合（尤指文本）
• She succeeded in conflating the three plays to produce a fresh new work. 她成功地将三个剧本合并在一起，编出了一部令人耳目一新的新作品。
vt. 合并；异文合并
 - merge, incorporate with

Word: despotic
Front: despotic
[dɪ'spɒtɪk] (宝 23171/33584)
Vocabulary: despotic
(once / 1807 pages)
adj
A ruler who governs with an iron fist, caring little for the welfare of the people, can be called despotic. Dictators and tyrants are often described as despotic.
Despotic is the adjective form of the noun despot, which means "tyrannical ruler." If you live under despotic rule, you probably have few rights and may fear your government. Use despotic to describe rulers that rely on brute force (or the threat of it) rather than the rule of law to keep order. Even if you're not the emperor of your own small kingdom, you might be a despotic boss, intimidating your employees. Might you consider switching to benevolence instead?
WORD FAMILY
despotic: despotically, despoticly+/ despot: despotic, despotical, despotism, despots/ despotism: despotisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amartya Sen, a Harvard University economist and Nobel laureate, called it a “despotic action.”
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
On this argument, old habits die hard, and democratically elected politicians retain old despotic ways of thinking.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
And political correctness functions like a despotic regime.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 专制暴君的，似暴君的，专横的; 暴虐; 豪; 豪强
分布：专横的(56%)，暴虐的(44%)
adj. 暴虐的，暴君的；专横的
 - tyrannous, Neronian

Word: disgraceful
Front: disgraceful
[dɪsˈgreɪsfl] (18807/11951 -1)
Back: adj. 可耻的，丢脸的; 不光彩的，不名誉的; 丑; 臭
分布：可耻的(68%)，不光彩的(32%)
adjective
■very bad 可耻的，丢脸的，不光彩的
• disgraceful behaviour/conduct 可耻的行为
• a disgraceful situation 不光彩的局面
• She thought that their attitude was absolutely disgraceful. 她认为他们的态度非常可耻。
• [+ that] It is disgraceful that children can get hold of drugs at school. 孩子在学校里竟然能搞到毒品，真是太不像话了。
adj. 不名誉的，可耻的
 - dishonorable, inglorious

Word: dethrone
Front: dethrone
[ˌdi:ˈθrəʊn] (托 36609/-)
Back: vt. 废黜，废位赶出
时态：dethroned, dethroning, dethrones
分布：动词(88%)，名词(12%)
→de-, 夺去。throne, 王位。即压去王位，废黜。
US [-'θroʊn] verb transitive
■to remove a king or queen from their position of power 废黜，推翻（国王或女王）；使下台
■to beat someone who is the best at something, especially a sport, and become the best yourself （尤指在体育比赛中）打败，击败（顶尖好手）
• The world champion was dethroned by a young Swedish challenger. 那位世界冠军被一名年轻的瑞典挑战者击败。
vt. 废黜；废位赶出；罢免
 - unseat, vote down

Word: deity
Front: deity
[ˈdeɪəti] (托 9560/9211 -1)
Vocabulary: deity
(once / 356 pages)
n
A deity is a supernatural being, like a god or goddess, that is worshipped by people who believe it controls or exerts force over some aspect of the world.
The word deity means "divine nature." It was coined by Saint Augustine, a theologian whose writings were very influential in the shaping of Western Christianity. Deity comes from the Latin word for "god": deus. The divine nature of deities is believed to be immortal goodness and powerfulness.
WORD FAMILY
deity: deities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The turtle was widely considered to be a deity.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
As the “deity” of a “small country”, he watches how authority and control evolve amid this microcosm of desperate humankind.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
But Osun is not the only deity worshiped in the Sacred Grove.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 神，女神; 上帝
分布：神(94%)，神性(6%)
→来自dyeu,发光，照耀，神，词源同diurnal, diva, Zeus.
神[de=god(神)]
US ['di:.ə.tˌi] noun countable
■a god or goddess 神；女神
• Ares and Aphrodite were the ancient Greek deities of war and love. 阿瑞斯和阿佛洛狄特分别是古希腊的战神和爱神。
n. 神；神性
 - divinity, holy one

Word: dowry
Front: dowry
[ˈdaʊri] (宝 17661/15383)
Vocabulary: dowry
(once / 1944 pages)
n
In some cultures, the bride or her family pays a certain amount of money or property to the groom when a couple is married. This payment is called a dowry.
Traditionally, a woman's family offered a dowry to potential husbands in order to make the match more attractive to the man and his family. The word dowry can actually mean "payment," but it can also refer to whatever property or savings a woman herself brings into a marriage. The Latin word dotare is the root of dowry, and it means "to endow or to portion out."
WORD FAMILY
dowry: dowries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the young woman died in a dispute over dowry, the coercive practice of gift-giving that some say subjugates brides.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Kalawi has sold her gold dowry over the past three years.
Seattle Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Working in Benin, the photographer and multimedia artist Akpo focuses on the subject of bridal dowries in the Yoruba and Nago communities.
The Guardian(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 嫁妆
分布：嫁妆(93%)，天资(7%)
→来自do, 给予，词源同data, donate. -ry，名词后缀。用于指嫁妆。
【源】最开始指：寡妇继承亡夫的那份产业；然后指：丈夫给新娘的财礼；现在指：新娘带给其夫的钱财（哈哈哈）看来男人的地位在上升J
【记】do＋wry（不好说，自己想）
noun countable
■in some societies, an amount of money or property which a woman's parents give to the man she marries 嫁妆，陪嫁
n. 嫁妆；天资；亡夫遗产
 - talent, dot, endowment

Word: emerson
Front: emerson
['eməsn] (-/16777)
Back: n. 爱默生
分布：名词(100%)

Word: duress
Front: duress
[djuˈres] (宝 19646/16696)
Vocabulary: duress
(once / 14738 pages)
n
Let’s hope you’re never denied food and sleep and forced to sign a confession, but if you are, that's called being under duress. Threats and harsh treatment meant to make you do something you don’t want to do is duress.
The word duress came into English through French, with origins in the Latin word duritia, which means “hardness.” First used to describe harsh or cruel treatment, duress soon took on the additional meaning of forcing someone to do something, usually through threats. Duress is typically used with the word under, as in a suspect who only signs a confession because he is under duress.
WORD FAMILY
duress
USAGE EXAMPLES
Graham said she was asked to resign in May 2015 without reason, and that she ultimately resigned under duress roughly three weeks later.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“It also includes threats of force or coercion, or fear of violence or duress.”
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
People in the military quickly become bound by mutual need, if not extreme duress.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 威胁，逼迫
分布：胁迫(60%)，强迫(40%)
→来自拉丁语durus, 硬，词源同endure, tree.引申义强硬，胁迫。
强迫;束缚(dur+ess表名词或动词→硬压→强迫)[dur=last,hard,表示"持久,坚硬"]
【记】在u（大坑）里dress（穿衣）：被强迫的结果endure ss：忍受死亡的痛苦，因为被强迫监禁了。coerce（vt 强制；强迫）共同被饿死：被强迫的结果
US [du:-] formal
noun uncountable
■threats used to force a person to do something 威胁，胁迫
• He claimed that he signed the confession under duress. 他声称自己是在胁迫之下签的供状。
n. 强迫；监禁
 - prison, imprisonment

Word: educator
Front: educator
[ˈedʒukeɪtə(r)] (高 2429/12905)
Back: n. （尤指作为一种职业的）教育工作者，教员，教师; 教育学家，教育家; 教学管理者
分布：教育学家(82%)，教育行政官员(18%)
US [-tˌɚ] mainly US
noun countable
■a person who teaches people 教师；教育工作者
n. 教育家；教育工作者；教师
 - teacher, professor, master

Word: flora
Front: flora
[ˈflɔ:rə] (托宝 11331/6647 -1)
Vocabulary: flora
(once / 461 pages)
n
The flora of a particular area consists of its plant species, considered as a whole. The word also refers to the plant life of a particular era — for example, fossilized plants can help us determine the flora at the time of dinosaurs.
The use of the word flora as referring to a particular area's vegetation has been used by botanists since the 1640s, but it became common with Swedish botanist Linnaeus, who in 1745 wrote "Flora Suecica," a study of the plant life of Sweden. The word was a natural fit, as Flōra was the name of the Roman goddess of flowers. When scientists study a region's flora, they classify their findings and create a descriptive list, which is also called a flora.
WORD FAMILY
flora: florae, floral, floras, multiflora+/ floral: florally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The forsaken flora are a ready-made metaphor for the Moldova-born photographer’s own uprooted life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Another aspect of the study suggests the company you keep may also enrich your gut flora — at least in mice.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Israel re-created a mural of local flora and fauna that he showed at the Consortium in Dijon, France, in 2013.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （某地区或某时期的）植物群; 植物志; 植物区系; （大写）Flora:[罗神]花神弗洛拉，弗洛拉（女名）
分布：植物(92%)，群落(8%)
→来自拉丁语Flora, 花神，词源同flower, flourish. 18世纪瑞典植物学家林奈借用该词来指植物群。参照fauna.
【源】芙罗拉花神－flower－植物群
【参】fauna（n 动物群）Faunus福纳斯：畜牧农林神；florescence（n 开花期；全盛期）；
US ['flɔ:r.ə] noun uncountable specialized
■all the plants of a particular place or from a particular time in history （某一地点或时期的）植物群
• the flora of the Balearic Islands 巴厘阿里群岛的植物群
• Stone Age flora 石器时代植物群

Word: fleming

Word: forswear
Front: forswear
[fɔ:ˈsweə(r)] (宝 36477/44466)
Vocabulary: forswear
(once / 3998 pages)
v
To forswear is to give up an idea, belief, or habit that you’ve had previously. New Year’s is a popular time to forswear anything from sweets to bad relationships.
When you forswear, you abandon something completely. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is at first smitten by the maiden Rosaline, but once he lays eyes on Juliet, Rosaline is history. He says of Juliet, “Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight, for I ne’er saw true beauty till this night.”
WORD FAMILY
forswear: forswearing, forswears, forswore, forsworn+/forswearing: forswearings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Already, Mr. Trump has forsworn any changes to the largest future drivers of spending, Social Security and Medicare.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
And it has worked, to an extent, making some Rand fans tuck tail and forswear admiration.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
He’s never forsworn challenging the results, much less asking Congress to investigate reports of irregularities — a move Trump supporters will demand in any case.
Seattle Times(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 发誓抛弃; 坚决放弃; 发伪誓; 作伪证
时态：forswore, forsworn, forswearing, forswears
分布：作伪证(68%)，发誓否认(16%)，发誓放弃(16%)
→1.发誓弃绝，来自来自for-, 完全的，swear, 发誓。
【记】for，swear（v 发誓）－发誓抛弃
【参】abjure（vt 公开发誓放弃）
US [fɔ:r'swer] (forswore, forsworn) formal
verb transitive
■to make a serious decision to stop doing something 决心放弃，发誓戒除
• to forswear alcohol 发誓戒酒
vi. 作伪证
 - foreswear
vt. 发誓抛弃
 - foreswear

Word: extraterrestrial
Front: extraterrestrial
[ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl] (15606/36847)
Vocabulary: extraterrestrial
(once / 18073 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective extraterrestrial to describe anything that comes from or exists outside of the earth, like life on a distant planet, material from an asteroid, or even the sun.
The word extraterrestrial makes most people think of big-headed green aliens in spaceships, and if you saw one you'd be right to describe it that way. But as both a noun and an adjective, the word is most often used by scientists to talk about anything — life, rocks, or environments on other planets — that happens outside of the earth's atmosphere. This makes sense when you know that in Latin, extra means "outside" and terra means "earth."
WORD FAMILY
extraterrestrial: extraterrestrials
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coursing underneath Bambaataa’s pastiche of Kraftwerk, George Clinton, and other extraterrestrial encounters was a drum part unlike anything ever heard before.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
It’s described as a “science-fiction story of a billionaire’s private space exploration program returning to Earth with an abducted extraterrestrial from a newly discovered planet.”
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The bottom line for extraterrestrial intelligence is that it is probably rarer than previously imagined, a conclusion called the misanthropic principle.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 地球外的，地球大气圈外的
n. 外星人
分布：外星人(88%)，行星际的(12%)
→extra-, 外面的，超过的。terrestrial, 陆地的，地球的。即地球之外的，外星人。
被陆地包围的(medi中间+terr+nean→在陆地中间的)[terr=eartth表示"土地"]
adjective
■(coming from) outside the planet Earth 地球外的；天外的
• extraterrestrial beings 外星人

Word: inactive
Front: inactive
[ɪnˈæktɪv] (13572/12290 -1)
Vocabulary: inactive
(once / 1238 pages)
1adj 2adj
When things or people are inactive, they're doing little or nothing. A rock, a couch potato, or a gym membership you haven’t used yet is inactive.
Active has been used since the 14th century to mean "given to worldly activity." If you’re active, you’re out in the world! Therefore inactive people aren’t doing much. Maybe they’re just taking a break — if a player is inactive for a basketball game, she's sitting on the bench. In physics, an inactive object is motionless. If a club is inactive, it hasn't met for awhile. When things are inactive, there's not much going on.
WORD FAMILY
inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity +/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/ activation: activations/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/ hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Marshall was inactive Sunday against Buffalo with a hip injury but played through a sprained knee ligament and sprained foot for most of the season.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bengals: Running back Jeremy Hill was inactive with a knee injury after being listed as questionable.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For the Jets, wide receiver Brandon Marshall is inactive after being questionable with hip and shoulder ailments.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 不活动的，不活跃的; 懒散的，怠惰的; 闲置的; [化]钝性的
分布：不活动的(77%)，怠惰的(17%)，停用的(6%)
→in-,不，非，active,积极的。
adjective
■doing nothing 无行动的；不活动的；不活跃的
• It's bad for your health to be physically inactive. 不活动筋骨对健康不好。
• The property market remains largely inactive. 房地产市场仍很不活跃。
adj. 不活跃的；不活动的；怠惰的；闲置的
 - lazy, idle

Word: gunship
Front: gunship
[ˈgʌnʃɪp] (19530/26878)
Back: n. <美>武装直升机
分布：武装直升机(100%)

Word: freezer
Front: freezer
[ˈfri:zə(r)] (7239/8786 -1)
Vocabulary: freezer
(once / 6318 pages)
n
A freezer is an appliance that keeps food frozen at extremely low temperatures. A household freezer is usually built into a refrigerator. It's where you keep your ice cream and ice cubes.
The freezer is where you keep ice cubes and frozen peas — it's a compartment at the top (or bottom) of the refrigerator in your kitchen. Larger freezers are used to keep enough food for a long period of time, or so a restaurant, hotel, or school cafeteria can store leftover food or keep enough to cook for a crowd of people. The word freezer was coined in 1847, although it originally meant part of an ice cream maker.
WORD FAMILY
freezer: freezers+/ antifreeze: antifreezes/ freeze: antifreeze, freezer, freezes, freezing, froze, frozen, unfreeze/freezing: freezings/ frozen: frozenly, unfrozen/unfreeze: unfreezes, unfreezing, unfroze
USAGE EXAMPLES
This week, however, I turned my attention to my own freezer for a winter stocktake, which revealed a fair bit about my family.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“The walk-in cooler and freezer rule was negotiated, so we agreed to those levels,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Chill martini glasses in the freezer for at least 20 minutes before serving.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 冰箱; 冷藏库; 制冷工
分布：冰箱(83%)，冷冻室(17%)
US [-zɚ] noun countable (also deep freeze)
 ADVANCED
■a container, operated by electricity, which preserves food at a very cold temperature so that it becomes solid and can be kept safely for a long time 冷冻柜；冰柜
• a chest/upright freezer 卧式／立式冰柜
n. 冰箱； [制冷] 冷冻库；制冷工
 - refrigerator, icebox

Word: hen
Front: hen
[hen] (中高研四 7934/6080 -2)
Vocabulary: hen
(once / 388 pages)
n
A hen is a female chicken. It's important to make sure your new backyard chickens are hens and not roosters — otherwise, those eggs you're looking forward to just aren't going to happen.
You can use the word hen for the female of many birds, including turkeys, pheasants, and quail, as well as for a female lobster. In parts of Britain, a hen can also be a (slightly offensive) slang term for a woman, and if something's described as being "rare as hen's teeth," it's extremely precious or scarce.
WORD FAMILY
hen: hens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hens recalls ruefully that she did not try to shield her sons from their brutal father.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“You don’t want to put the fox in charge of the hen house,” said Robert Ambrogi, of the Massachusetts Newspaper Publishers Association.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The average number of laying hens on hand in October was roughly 53 million, up 55 percent from last year.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 母鸡; 雌禽; 女人
分布：母鸡(94%)，雌禽(6%)
→来自古英语henn,来自kan,唱，吟唱，词源同chant,cantor.引申词义打鸣的鸟，即公鸡，参照古英语hana,公鸡。
n.母鸡Hence the hen cries whenever it sees a chicken.从此每当那只母鸡看见小鸡时就叫.
noun countable
■an adult female chicken which is often kept for its eggs, or the female of any bird 母鸡；母禽
■Scottish informal
■used as a way of talking to a woman or girl, especially someone that you like （尤用来称呼自己喜欢的女子）姑娘
• "Are you not feeling too good, hen?" ｢你不舒服吗，小姑娘？｣
n. 母鸡；女人； [禽] 雌禽
 - female, she

Word: hashemite

Word: inspirational
Front: inspirational
[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl] (11528/15248 -1)
Vocabulary: inspirational
(once / 7269 pages)
adj
Anything inspirational lifts up your spirits. Inspirational words make people feel happier, more capable, and more like they can accomplish their goals.
Have you ever seen a proverb on someone's desk or refrigerator that they use to cheer themselves up? That's probably an inspirational quote. A lot of religious language is inspirational, and many actions can be inspirational as well. When someone climbs Mount Everest, that's inspirational because it inspires other people to do great or difficult things. When times are tough, people seek out things that are inspirational.
WORD FAMILY
inspirational: inspirationally+/ inspiration: inspirational, inspirations/ inspire: inspiration, inspiratory, inspired, inspirer, inspires, inspiring / inspired: inspiredly, uninspired/inspirer: inspirers/ inspiring: inspiringly, uninspiring/uninspiring: uninspiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I’m asked for my favourite inspirational scene, I nominate Tom Courtenay’s final, miserable act of defiance in The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Wong was unofficially promoted to the rank of inspirational sketch artist.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Our 100 Women season showcases inspirational stories about 100 influential and inspirational women around the world .
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 给予灵感的，带有灵感的; 鼓舞人心的
分布：鼓舞人心的(74%)，给予灵感的(15%)，带有灵感的(11%)
adjective
■making you feel hopeful or encouraged 鼓舞人心的
• He gave an inspirational reading of his own poems. 他朗读了自己写的诗歌，让人很受鼓舞。
adj. 鼓舞人心的；带有灵感的，给予灵感的
 - heartening, stimulatory

Word: inert
Front: inert
[ɪˈnɜ:t] (托雅宝 13911/11806 -1)
Vocabulary: inert
(once / 1835 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's unable to move or moving without much energy can be described as inert. Wind up in a body cast and you’ll find yourself not only itchy, but totally inert.
When motion is restricted or sluggish, or when something or someone appears lifeless, the adjective to use is inert. A dog who's playing dead is inert, as is a really boring movie. Or for those of you paying attention in chemistry class, you may have heard of inert gases — those elements that won't react with other elements or form chemical compounds.
WORD FAMILY
inert: inertly, inertness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some critics find Mills’s work quirky or precious; some find it inert.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Beijing regularly cites the “Taiwan question” as one of its “core interests,” and the topic is toxic even among otherwise politically inert Chinese.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
A gaggle of inert sea lions sat atop one bobbing green buoy, watching us go by.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 迟钝的; 不活泼的; [化]惰性的
分布：惰性的(63%)，迟钝的(31%)，无行动的(6%)
→in-,不，非，-ert,灵巧，技术，技艺，词源同art,artisan.引申词义没技术的，没活动能力的，懒惰的，后用于指化学气体惰性的。
【记】in不，ert＝art技巧－没有技巧－惰性的
【反】active（adj 积极的；活性的）；dynamic（adj 动态的；动力的）；reactant（n 反应物）－inert material（惰性物质）
US [-'nɝ:t] adjective
NOT MOVING 不动的
■not moving or not able to move 不动的；不能动的
• The inert figure of a man could be seen lying in the front of the car. 可以看到一个男人躺在汽车前座上，一动也不动。
■not energetic or interesting 无生气的；无趣的
• The narrative is inert and sloppy, as if the author had been writing half-asleep. 这个故事既没有意思又没有条理，好像作者是在半睡半醒中写的。
UK [ɪ'nɜ:t] US [-'nɝ:t] adjective
CHEMICAL 化学特性 specialized
■not reacting chemically with other substances 惰性的，不活泼的
• inert gases 惰性气体
adj. [化学] 惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的
 - noble, useless

Word: individualistic
Front: individualistic
[ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒʊə'lɪstɪk] (14947/15379)
Vocabulary: individualistic
(once / 9170 pages)
adj
A person who believes strongly that each of us should be just who we are has an individualistic outlook. If you don't like conformity, then you're individualistic too.
Many people believe that our society tries to make us all the same — to like the same food and wear the same clothes. Folks who reject that idea are individualistic. They believe that the most radical thing you can do is be yourself, however different that self may happen to be. The U.S. was known as country of individualists for many years. It's where individualistic people came to invent themselves however they liked. Some say, though, that recently it's grown less individualistic, as people are more afraid to seem different or unique.
WORD FAMILY
individualistic: individualistically+/ individual: individualise, individualism, individuality, individualize, individually, individuals/individualise: individualisation, individualised, individualises, individualising/ individualism: individualisms, individualist, individualistic / individualist: individualists/ individuality: individualities/individualization: individualizations/individualize: individualization, individualized, individualizes, individualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Already, Huawei appears to be softening its approach as it tries to lure China’s more individualistic young workers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
One measure is how individualistic or communitarian people are, and how egalitarian or hierarchical.
Nature(Dec 01, 2016)
The Mixed Martial Arts Athletes Association is the latest attempt to organize fighters in a famously individualistic sport into a collective bargaining unit.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 个人主义的
分布：个人主义的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
强调个人独特性的;奉行个人主义的
If you say that someone is individualistic, you mean that they like to think and do things in their own way, rather than imitating other people. You can also say that a society is individualistic if it encourages people to behave in this way.
例：Most artists are very individualistic...大多数艺术家都非常强调个人独特性。
例：Spain remains a very individualistic country.西班牙一直都是个非常强调个人主义的国家。
adj. 个人主义的；利己主义的
 - selfish

Word: invincible
Front: invincible
[ɪnˈvɪnsəbl] (雅 14952/18546 -1)
Vocabulary: invincible
(once / 1060 pages)
adj
Something invincible is victorious over everything. Disease, death, destruction? No match for something truly invincible. Mere humans who imagine they're invincible, however, will inevitably prove that they're not.
Invincible comes ultimately from the Latin verb vincere, "to conquer." Many of the uses for invincible are for describing someone or something victorious or unbeatable at what they do. A company can be invincible when it outsells similar businesses for years, a tennis player is invincible after winning all of the majors in a year or a career, and Superman and the Indomitable Snowman are invincible as long as they stay away from kryptonite and the warm sun.
WORD FAMILY
invincible: invincibility, invinciblest, invincibly+/ vincible: invincible
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, “We’re still so young and we hope for more / But remember this / We’re not invincible,” was oddly, horribly apt.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Tyson’s former promoter, Don King, foresaw warning signs before the Douglas bout that shed Tyson of his invincible aura.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It does with everybody obviously, but Rick was almost invincible.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可战胜的，不能征服的; 无敌的; 无攻不克; 无前
分布：不可征服的(58%)，不能战胜的(42%)
→in-,不，非，vincible,可战胜的。
不可克服的(in不+vinc+ible→不可征服的)[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
不可征服的(in不+vinc战胜+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【记】vincible（adj 容易征服的）根：vinc征服
【参】convince（vt 使确信；使信服）
adjective
■impossible to defeat or prevent from doing what is intended 不可战胜的；无法阻挡的
• Last year the company seemed/looked invincible but in recent weeks has begun to have problems. 该公司去年似乎无往不胜，但近几周开始出现问题了。
adj. 无敌的；不能征服的
 - unbeatable, unrivaled

Word: jibe
Front: jibe
[dʒaɪb] (宝 23346/20012 -1)
Vocabulary: jibe
(once / 6949 pages)
1v 2n 3v
To jibe with someone is to agree with them. Jibe can also mean “be compatible with or similar to.” If two people jibe, they get along quite well.
A jibe can also be an insulting remark as another way to spell gibe. If someone directs that kind of jibe at you, the best response is a really good comeback. And in nautical terminology, jibe refers to a particular manner of changing the course of a ship. How did this word come to have such different meanings? Your guess is as good as ours. Just try to remember that if you want to jibe with others, don’t insult them.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gibe / jibe
To gibe is to sneer or heckle, but to jibe is to agree. Funny thing is, though, jibe is an alternate spelling of gibe, so surprise! People get them mixed up.
A gibe is a pointy comment, an insult, a verbal thump on the forehead. Despite being taunted, gibe hasn't changed in years — since the 1500s it's been a verb meaning, "to make a remark that is taunting or sarcastic." Soon after, gibe was used as a noun referring to the remark. The etymology is uncertain, though it could be borrowed from the Middle French giber, meaning to handle roughly. Here are some gibes in context:
The last sentence was spoken in taunting tones, and Slade's face showed that the gibe had gone home. (Herman Landon)
Dr. Prince walked off very triumphantly after this parting gibe. (E.M. Delafield)
Jibe is a two-headed verb:it means to agree, but it's also a nautical term meaning to shift a sail on a ship. (This nautical jibe is spelled gybe in British English). Here are some jibes agreeably appearing in sentences:
"We thought about getting married in Massachusetts, but it just didn't seem to jibe right," said Dorr. (Salon)
The drop in jobless rate doesn't jibe with recent job gains. (Wall Street Journal)
With a bit of practice, you can steer, turn, tack, and jibe a boat with just her sails. (John Jamieson)
Should you use jibe as an alternate spelling of gibe? No. Just don't gibe, or pick on,people who do, instead just jibe with them and admit it's accepted in some dictionaries.
WORD FAMILY
jibe: jibed, jibes, jibing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its abundance of Buddhist and Hindu works jibes with his deep interest in spirituality.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Nabokov’s commentary on Eugene Onegin is peppered with such jibes, calling one Pushkin translation “execrable” and the author of another one a “toady.”
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
The comment was ambiguous: Did he mean that the former model just didn’t jibe with his aesthetic, or something more?
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 嘲讽; 讥讽
v. 嘲讽; （与…）一致
时态：jibed, jibing, jibes
分布：嘲笑(58%)，嘲弄(36%)，相一致(6%)
→来自gibe拼写变体，可能来自中古法语gaber,嘲笑，嘲讽，拟声词，词源同gab,jape.jibe 一致，相符
【记】这是一个很容易想的单词，自己搞定吧！
【反】conflict（n /v 斗争；冲突）
(US usually gibe) [dʒaɪb] noun countable
■an insulting remark that is intended to make someone look stupid 嘲讽（话），嘲弄，嘲笑
• Unlike many other politicians, he refuses to indulge in cheap jibes at other people's expense. 与许多其他政治家不同，他从不对他人滥加嘲讽。
(US usually gibe) [dʒaɪb] verb intransitive
■to make insulting remarks that are intended to make someone look stupid 嘲讽，嘲弄，嘲笑
• She jibed constantly at the way he ran his business. 她不断嘲笑他的经营方式。
(US usually gibe) [dʒaɪb] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  jibe with sth (also jive with sth) US informal
■If one statement or opinion jibes with another, it is similar to it and matches it. 与…一致，与…相符
• Her account of the accident jibes with mine. 她对意外的描述与我的一致。
vi. 嘲笑
 - laugh at, make a mockery of
vt. 嘲笑
 - laugh at, deride
n. 嘲笑
 - derision, sarcasm

Word: jurisprudence
Front: jurisprudence
[ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpru:dns] (宝 14820/25663)
Vocabulary: jurisprudence
(once / 2770 pages)
n
You want a word that’s a whole mouthful? Try jurisprudence, the study and philosophy of law. You want to study jurisprudence? Get ready for law school, where you’ll find even longer, more troubling words.
The Latin-based word jurisprudence is made up of two parts, juris "of law" and prudence which goes back to mean "knowledge." If you study law, you study jurisprudence. You can modify it to show a specific type of law, so you will find terms such as medical, human rights, Islamic or American jurisprudence. Sometimes the word is used as a collective to mean the legal world. This is a new issue that jurisprudence will have to deal with.
WORD FAMILY
jurisprudence: jurisprudential+/jurist: jurisprudence, juristic, jurists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though sometimes seen as a maverick or gadfly, Rakoff is a meticulous, conscientious judge, with an extensive background in the jurisprudence of fraud.
The New Yorker(Dec 12, 2016)
“Justice Thomas’s humble beginnings, brilliant mind, and indelible contributions to American jurisprudence are nothing short of remarkable,” Mr. Cornyn said in a statement.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
And partisan gerrymandering, as opposed to racial decisions, is allowed under the court’s current jurisprudence.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 法学，法理学
分布：法律学(56%)，法学体系(44%)
→来自拉丁语iurisprudentia,法律的科学，法律的知识，来自iuris,法律的，词源同jury,prudentia,知识，前瞻性，词源同prudent.引申词义法学。
法律学(juris+prud小心+ence→认真学法→法律学)[jur,juris=swear,law,表示"发誓,法律"]
US [ˌdʒʊr.ɪ-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the study of law and the principles on which law is based 法学；法律学

Word: laughable
Front: laughable
[ˈlɑ:fəbl] (16571/19229 -1)
Vocabulary: laughable
(once / 3292 pages)
adj
If something is so absurd or ridiculous that it makes you laugh, you can call it laughable. Your little sister's idea of dropping out of elementary school and starting a full-time lemonade stand might seem laughable to you.
Your friend's preposterous plan to live in a tree all summer is laughable, and a politician's proposal to build a wall around the entire country to keep immigrants out is laughable too. You can also use this adjective to simply mean "funny," or "provoking laughter." Laughable comes from laugh, which has an Old English root and was originally pronounced with a hard g sound. The pronunciation changed, but the spelling stayed the same.
WORD FAMILY
laughable: laughably+/ laugh: laughable, laughed, laugher, laughing, laughs/laugher: laughers/laughing: laughingest, laughingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Old structures like business hours and the workweek seem laughable in light of the always-on cycle of social media.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The notion that Donald Trump might help rehabilitate the culture would strike many as laughable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
The righteous indignation erupting across segments of the college football landscape is laughable.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有趣的，逗人笑的; 好笑; 可笑
分布：可笑的(88%)，有趣的(12%)
→laugh,笑，-able,形容词后缀。
US ['læf.ə-] adjective
■silly and not deserving to be seriously considered 可笑的，荒唐的
• Privately they thought the idea laughable. 私下里他们觉得这个主意很荒唐。
adj. 有趣的，可笑的
 - colorful, funny

Word: levee
Front: levee
[ˈlevi] (宝 9918/-)
Vocabulary: levee
(once / 2179 pages)
1n 2n
A levee is an embankment, like a dam, constructed to prevent the overflow of a body of water. It can also mean a formal reception. How do these two words relate? Read on...
In French, lever means to lift and se lever means to rise, literally "lift yourself." When the king rose from his bed and received visitors, that was a levee. When you raise up dirt or other materials to build a dam or levee, that's also a levee. Now, official levees don't involve kings––but you might hear of “a governor’s levee at the state capital.” And levee can be used as a verb, meaning to make an embankment, or shore up.
WORD FAMILY
levee: levees
USAGE EXAMPLES
This $99.3 million project involves lowering an existing levee and shore armoring, excavating channels and constructing a new levee alignment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Artist Matthew Levee Chavez created the project after the elections.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
It is project No. 5 of 10 in the overall levee improvement effort, said City Engineer Matt Cox.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 堤; 早朝; <美>总统或其它高级官员所举行的招待会; 专为某人举行的招待会
分布：招待会(39%)，堤岸(25%)，筑堤(12%)，集体接见(12%)，码头(12%)
→来自拉丁语levare,升起，举起，词源同lever.引申词义防洪堤，码头。早朝义来自法语，原义为起床，代指君主接见朝臣的早会。
【记】lev是“升起”的词根
【参】lever（n 杠杆；控制杆；v 抬起）；leverage（n 杠杆作用）；levitate（v 使轻轻浮起）
noun countable
■a wall made of land or other materials that is built next to a river to stop the river from overflowing (= coming out of a place because it is too full) 防洪堤（在河边由土等材料筑成的墙，以防止河水溢出）
n. 堤坝（码头）；（旧时君主或显贵的）早晨接见
 - dike

Word: luke
Front: luke
[lu:k] (-/2412)
Back: adj. <古>冷淡的
分布：《圣经》中译为“路加”)(50%)，卢克(男子名(50%)

Word: maim
Front: maim
[meɪm] (托雅宝 16796/19206 -1)
Vocabulary: maim
(once / 1786 pages)
v
To maim something is to disfigure it through force or violence. Wartime battles have a tendency to maim soldiers.
The verb maim is related to mayhem, which, historically, was the act of hurting another person so badly that they couldn’t defend themselves. To maim a person or animal, even if it’s an accident, is to render them defenseless or disfigured, and it frequently includes the loss of a limb. The goal of driving defensively is to avoid an accident that could maim you, your passengers, or other people on the road.
WORD FAMILY
maim: maimed, maimer, maiming, maims+/maimer: maimers
USAGE EXAMPLES
First, quite a lot of people who would be killed or maimed on the roads if we carry on as we are will be saved.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Children were killed or maimed in large numbers.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
But also to help them find a path where they won’t end up dead or maimed, victims of the scourge of gun violence in Chicago.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受重伤; 使残废; 残害; 伤残
时态：maimed, maiming, maims
分布：使伤残(100%)
→来自古法语mahaignier,伤害，使受伤，使残疾，来自mai,砍，切，词源同mangle,mayhem.进一步来自smi,砍，切，词源同smith.
【区】main（adj 主要的）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to injure a person so severely that a part of their body will no longer work as it should （使）残废
• Many children have been maimed for life by these bombs. 许多孩子被这些炸弹炸至重伤，终身残废。
vt. 使残废
 - disable

Word: loiter
Front: loiter
[ˈlɔɪtə(r)] (宝 20984/20520)
Vocabulary: loiter
(once / 1233 pages)
v
To loiter is to hang around a place with no real purpose, usually somewhere where you are not welcome — like under the “No Loitering” sign at a convenience store.
If you’re a dawdler, or a loafer, then you are probably inclined to loiter from time to time. The verb loiter is similar to “hang out,” but it has a more negative connotation and is sometimes associated with acting illegally. You might hang out at your friend’s house watching movies, but you would loiter by the vending machine at school when you are supposed be in class.
WORD FAMILY
loiter: loitered, loiterer, loitering, loiters+/loiterer: loiterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Venus and Mars loiter in the west-southwestern sky after sunset.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
And an existing state law prohibits loitering in areas where children congregate.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Many of these issues were highlighted in the 2011 book Why Loiter?
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vi. （在公共场所）走走停停; 闲逛; 游荡; 磨蹭
时态：loitered, loitering, loiters
分布：闲荡(41%)，徘徊(31%)，虚度(28%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*lutana,弯腰，蹲下，休息，来自leud,蜷缩，变小，词源同lout,little.引申词义休息，逗留，停留。
【记】读：蝼蚁头儿，蝼蚁的头儿不用工作，可以整天游荡!
US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive
■to move slowly around or stand especially in a public place without an obvious reason 游荡，溜达，闲逛
• A gang of youths were loitering outside the cinema. 一帮小青年在戏院外面游荡。
■to go slowly, stopping often 走走停停，磨蹭，徘徊
• Come straight home and don't loiter, Alan. 阿伦，直接回家，不要在外面磨蹭。
vi. 虚度；闲荡；徘徊
 - moon, dream away
vt. 虚度；闲荡；混
 - moon, dream away

Word: mayfair

Word: megaphone
Front: megaphone
[ˈmegəfəʊn] (21670/33089)
Vocabulary: megaphone
(once / 8141 pages)
n
A megaphone is a cone-shaped amplifier you can use to make your voice louder. You can bring a megaphone to a football game, but leave it at home if you are headed to a dinner party.
Megaphones are useful, portable devices for someone who's guiding a group of protesters, for a movie director who's working with a lot of actors on a large set, or for cheerleaders who want their voices to carry over the roar of a crowd of football fans. Thomas Edison invented the megaphone, and he probably named it too: it combines the Greek megas, "great," with phone, "voice."
WORD FAMILY
megaphone: megaphones
USAGE EXAMPLES
The insinuation is that the reform is designed to turn the BBG into a Trump propaganda megaphone.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
According to media reports, officers are using a megaphone to speak with the suspect.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The state media rapidly became the government’s megaphone.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 扩音器
分布：扩音器(100%)
→megalo-,巨大的，-phone,声音，词源同phone,fame.用于指扩音器。
US [-foʊn] noun countable
■a cone-shaped device which makes your voice louder when you speak into it, so that people can hear you although they are not near to you 喇叭，话筒，扩音器
n. 扩音器， [电子] 喇叭筒
 - mike, microphone, amplifier

Word: metrics
Front: metrics
['metrɪks] (22212/-)
Back: n. 韵律学，作诗法
分布：韵律学(72%)，度量学(28%)
n. 度量；作诗法；韵律学
 - measurement, prosody

Word: malfeasance
Front: malfeasance
[ˌmæl'fi:zəns] (宝 22972/-)
Vocabulary: malfeasance
(once / 24573 pages)
n
Whenever you see the prefix "mal-," you know it's not good. Malfeasance is bad behavior, especially from officials or people who should know better.
If nothing else, the mal- in malfeasance will alert you to the fact that something bad is going on. If you know French, fease-, faise- will ring a bell, as it often means "to do." You can probably then infer that malfeasance means "to do bad." Today, it's usually a bad deed done by an official or an organization. You wouldn't accuse a dog who peed on the carpet of malfeasance, but you would accuse a mayor who took a bribe of malfeasance.
WORD FAMILY
malfeasance: malfeasances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thus far, no credible evidence of vote fraud or electoral malfeasance exists, despite an evidence-free claim from Trump himself.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
That number climbs to 81 percent for Veracruz, where silencing the press has been an effective shield for rampant graft and other malfeasance.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
But the bank has been pummeled by accusations it took part in a wide array of financial malfeasance.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 不正当，不法行为，渎职
分布：渎职(76%)，不法行为(12%)，不正当(12%)
不法行为(mal坏+feas+ance→做坏事)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【记】mal坏，feasance＝fact＝fice做：做坏事－渎职。
【参】malevolent（adj 有恶意的）；benevolent（adj 慈善的）；volition（n 意志）；malfunction（n 故障）
noun uncountable legal
■an example of dishonest and illegal behaviour, especially by a person in authority （尤指掌权者的）违法乱纪行为，渎职
• Several cases of malpractice and malfeasance in the financial world are currently being investigated. 金融界的几个渎职违规案件目前正在调查之中。
n. 渎职，违法行为；不正当，坏事
 - bad, wrong

Word: mistreat
Front: mistreat
[ˌmɪsˈtri:t] (14559/21862)
Vocabulary: mistreat
(once / 6925 pages)
v
If you mistreat someone, you harm them in some way. If you don't feed your cat for three days and refuse to clean its litter box, you are definitely mistreating it.
People mistreat each other in all sorts of ways, from the emotional (by belittling, ignoring, or mocking them) to the physical (by hitting or otherwise physically harming them). If you see a neighbor mistreat his dog, you might call the police. If a teacher were to mistreat her students, she could lose her job. This verb adds the "bad or wrong" prefix mis- to treat, from its Latin root tractare, "manage or handle."
WORD FAMILY
mistreat: mistreated, mistreating, mistreatment, mistreats+/ entreat: entreated, entreating, entreats/ill-treat: ill-treating/ mistreatment: mistreatments/ treat: entreat, ill-treat, mistreat, treated, treater, treating, treatment, treats/treated: ill-treated, retreated, untreated/treater: treaters/ treatment: ill-treatment, treatments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Voller, now 19, told the commission on Monday that detainees were regularly mistreated by staff.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Nearly one-quarter of the respondents to the survey said they did not see a doctor when they needed to because of fear of being mistreated.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Of those remaining in the area, some said they were afraid to leave because they expected to be arrested or mistreated on the other side.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 虐待
时态：mistreated, mistreating, mistreats
分布：虐待(100%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，treat,对待。即虐待。
verb transitive
■to treat a person or animal badly, cruelly or unfairly 虐待
• Both parents have denied charges of mistreating their children. 父母双方均否认虐待子女的指控。
• I think people who mistreat their pets should be banned from keeping them. 我认为虐待宠物的人应当被禁止养宠物。
vt. 虐待
 - abuse, ill-treat

Word: mischievous
Front: mischievous
[ˈmɪstʃɪvəs] (宝 13916/11564 -1)
Vocabulary: mischievous
(once / 730 pages)
adj
If you’re the one making prank phone calls at 3 am and you can’t resist short-sheeting your camp counselor’s bunk, you're mischievous. If your dog likes to decorate your house with streamers of toilet paper, he's mischievous, too.
You can be mischievous in harmless, playful ways, or you might also use the word mischievous to describe behavior that's more than just a little naughty. If you post online some embarrassing photos of an acquaintance, your more generous friends might describe your behavior as mischievous, although others might accuse you of being downright mean. Keep in mind that the word has only three syllables: MIS-chuh-vuhs.
WORD FAMILY
mischievous: mischievouser, mischievousest, mischievously, mischievousness+/ mischief: mischiefs, mischievous /mischievousness: mischievousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But if one thing connects Ms. Bening’s many onscreen women, it is the mischievous confidence she brings to that simple, irreverent question, “Why not?”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These images are by turn — and sometimes all at once — bold, unflinching, poetic, familiar, cloaked, direct, joyful, defiant, mischievous and suspicious.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
“It actually wasn’t me,” he said, with a mischievous smile.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 淘气的; 恶作剧的; 有害的
分布：调皮的(37%)，恶作剧的(35%)，有害的(28%)
→来自mischief,淘气，恶作剧。
恶作剧的(mis+chiev＝chief首领＋ous→做坏事的首领)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
【记】mis坏，chiev＝chief（n 首领），ous－坏首领－恶作剧的mis不能，chi吃，evous：东西不能吃是因为有害的
adjective
■behaving in a way, or describing behaviour, which is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage （人、行为等）爱恶作剧的，好捣乱的，顽皮的，淘气的
• She has a mischievous sense of humour. 她很幽默，喜欢搞点恶作剧。
• a book about the mischievous antics of his ten-year-old daughter 一本有关他十岁女儿顽皮行为的书
■expressing or suggesting mischief 恶意的
• a mischievous grin 不怀好意的狞笑
■describes behaviour or words that are intended to cause harm or trouble （行为）有害的；（话语）恶意中伤的
• I think these rumours are mischievous. 我认为这些流言是恶意中伤。
adj. 淘气的；（人、行为等）恶作剧的；有害的
 - harmful, evil

Word: namesake
Front: namesake
[ˈneɪmseɪk] (13823/18497)
Vocabulary: namesake
(once / 2864 pages)
n
If your parents named you after your Great Uncle Abner, then you are his namesake. The two of you share a very nice name.
Use the noun namesake to describe the recipient of a handed-down name, like Bob Jr., or Ricky Smith III. Less often, the word also means anyone who shares a name with someone else, so you could refer to all the Emmas in your school as namesakes. The first recorded use of the word namesake was in the mid-1600s, and it probably began as the phrase "for the name's sake," before being condensed into a single word.
WORD FAMILY
namesake: namesakes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The namesake cocktail of the bar Foreign National was anointed among the 28 best in America by Elle Décor magazine.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Gesturing to his triplets, he added: “God willing, they will get to great places like their namesake.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The name Yama is an homage to the namesake village on Bainbridge, where many Japanese immigrants lived back in 1883.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 同姓的人; 同名的人; 同姓名的人; 同名的事物
分布：同名物(85%)，相同姓名的人(15%)
→来自短语for the name’s sake,看在名字的缘由上，后引申词义同名的人。
noun countable
■a person or thing having the same name as another person or thing 同名者；同名物

Word: oodles
Front: oodles
[ˈu:dlz] None
Vocabulary: oodles
(once / 55490 pages)
n
When you have oodles of something, you have a whole lot of it. If you have a big bowl of spaghetti, then you can say that you have "oodles of noodles."
Use the informal oodles when you mean "lots," "tons," or "bunches." If you grow up to have oodles of money, you can buy a huge house with oodles of space for the oodles of puppies you plan to adopt. Of course, you also imagine having oodles of dog nannies to take care of the puppies and clean up after them. Oodles is an American English word that first turned up in nineteenth century Texas.
WORD FAMILY
oodles
USAGE EXAMPLES
If your dream of Italy involves oodles of Bolognese and gnocchi, pocket the yoga idea and save it for another time.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
When an owl hat made for her first daughter received oodles of compliments, the idea for Brit’s Knits was born.
Washington Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Cable-laying companies, oil firms, academic oceanography laboratories, national hydrographic surveys and the world’s navies all have oodles of sounding data.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 许多
分布：〈口语或古语〉许多(100%)
→词源不详，可能缩写自caboodle,许多，大量，成捆，词源同bundle.
['u:.dlz] old-fashioned informal
plural noun
■a very large amount of something pleasant 大量，许多（好东西）
• She inherited oodles of money from her uncle. 她从叔父那里继承了一大笔钱。
n. 许多，大量
 - lots of, sea, wealth, ocean, hundred

Word: piston
Front: piston
[ˈpɪstən] (研六雅 13303/15187 -1)
Back: n. <机>活塞
分布：活塞(100%)
→来自古意大利语pistone,活塞，来自拉丁语pinsere,捣，杵，词源同pestle,pistil.
n.活塞On the Christmas the Christian's assistant fisted Pistol Piston and twisted his wrist.在圣诞节,基督徒的助手拳击了"手枪活塞"并扭了他的手腕.
noun countable
■a short solid piece of metal which moves up and down inside a cylinder in an engine to press the fuel into a small space and to send the power produced by it to the wheels 活塞
n. [机] 活塞
 - plunger, stop-cock

Word: priceless
Front: priceless
[ˈpraɪsləs] (12469/13888 -1)
Vocabulary: priceless
(once / 1528 pages)
adj
Something priceless is incredibly valuable. It's so valuable that no one would ever want to sell it or be able to buy it.
Since a price is what it costs to buy something, priceless things cannot be bought; they're too valuable. People sometimes talk about "priceless treasures," which may actually have a price, though only a millionaire could afford buying them. More often, priceless things are things without a monetary value — like friendship, love, honor, etc. Parents call their children priceless, because they value them so much and obviously would never sell them.
WORD FAMILY
priceless: pricelessly, pricelessness+/overprice: overpriced, overpricing/ price: overprice, priced, priceless, prices, pricey, pricing, pricy, underprice/pricing: pricings/pricy: pricier, priciest, pricily/underprice: underpriced, underprices, underpricing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, “The Party” is dated, but Sellers’ comic expressions are timeless — and pricelessly funny.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
In the grand scheme of things $3m is not much to a big corporation like Salesforce, but the amount of goodwill it bought was priceless.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
How priceless is the McKinsey guy saying "a glimpse of a private shower or cabin creates a marker in people's minds?"
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无价的; 极贵重的; 非常有趣的; 极荒谬的
n. 非卖品
分布：无价的(100%)
→来自price,价格，-less,没有。引申词义无法用价格来衡量的，极珍贵的。
adjective
■describes an object which has such a high value, especially because it is rare, that the price of it cannot be calculated 贵重的，无价的
• A priceless collection of vases was destroyed. 一批贵重的花瓶被损毁了。
• figurative Her knowledge and experience would make her a priceless (= extremely useful) asset to the team. 渊博的知识和丰富的经验会使她成为队中的无价之宝。
■informal
■extremely funny to see or hear 极其好笑的
• You should have seen the look on her face when I told her - it was priceless! 你真应该看看我告诉她时她脸上的表情——太好笑了！
valueless/worthless, priceless, invaluable
valueless/worthless: 没有价值的；
priceless: 无价之宝的；
invaluable: 一般不形容价格或钱，意为“非常有用的”
adj. 无价的；极贵重的；非常有趣的
 - invaluable, inestimable

Word: proclamation
Front: proclamation
[ˌprɒkləˈmeɪʃn] (宝 10682/12441 -1)
Vocabulary: proclamation
(once / 458 pages)
n
A proclamation is a formal public statement. If the mayor of your town issued a proclamation honoring the state champion field hockey team, this is an official statement of praise and celebration.
A major statement made in front of an audience or the authoritative word on some subject is a proclamation. It's usually used in an official or government context, although an ordinary person can also make a proclamation, like your proclamation that you'll never dance again after your embarrassment at last week's hip hop recital. The root is proclaim, declare publicly, though the i is dropped in proclamation.
WORD FAMILY
proclamation: proclamations+/ proclaim: proclaimed, proclaiming, proclaims, proclamation /proclaimed: self-proclaimed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama’s unilateral actions, by executive order, proclamation or memoranda, are even more vulnerable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
On this day full of light, the prophetic proclamation resounds:
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
But Niel Lawrence, a senior attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the result of a Trump proclamation isn’t so clear-cut.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 宣布，公布; 公告，布告; 宣言书
分布：宣言(55%)，公布(28%)，文告(17%)
→来自proclaim,声称，声明。
宣告;宣言[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
US [ˌprɑ:.klə-] noun countable or uncountable
■an official announcement 公告；宣言；声明
• to issue a proclamation 发表声明
• A bloody civil war followed the proclamation of an independent state. 随着国家独立宣言的发表，一场血腥的内战爆发了。
n. 公告；宣布；宣告；公布
 - announcement, declaration, profession

Word: quiescent
Front: quiescent
[kwiˈesnt] (托宝 26369/22063)
Vocabulary: quiescent
(once / 3996 pages)
adj
The adjective quiescent means "being quiet and still," like the quiescent moments lying in a hammock on a beautiful summer Sunday.
To be quiescent, pronounced "qwhy-ESS-ent," is to be quiet, resting, which is exactly what its Latin origin quiescens means: In our busy world, it is hard to find a place to be quiescent. It has a second meaning: "causing no symptoms." For example, if a disease is quiescent, you probably won't know you have it. And finally, quiescent can mean "not activated," like quiescent cleaning products that don't get the stains out.
WORD FAMILY
quiescent: quiescence, quiescency, quiescently+/quiesce: quiescent, quiescing/ quiescence: quiescences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Global inflation has been quiescent, and global growth fragile.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 14, 2016)
Headline inflation has been quiescent for an extended period.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 13, 2016)
Have a quiescently frozen treat made by people right here at home, working hard with their families while supporting local agriculture, too.
Seattle Times(Aug 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不活动的，静态的; 休眠的
分布：静止的(50%)，不活动的(25%)，寂静的(25%)
→来自quiet,安静的，静止的，-escent,形容词后缀。
【参】quietus（n 债务清偿）
【反】rambunctious（adj 粗暴的；骚乱的）
[kwi'es.ənt] formal
adjective
■temporarily quiet and not active （暂时）平静的，静止的
• The political situation was now relatively quiescent. 政治形势目前暂时平静。
adj. 静止的；不活动的；沉寂的
 - still, resting

Word: pygmy
Vocabulary: pygmy
(once / 13148 pages)
n
A member of an ethnic group whose people tend to be very short or small is a pygmy. Anthropologists sometimes study pygmy groups.
The term pygmy, while still used by many who study and write about world cultures and groups, it is somewhat old fashioned and can be offensive to members of these cultures. Anthropologists often refer to groups in which men are on average shorter than four feet eleven inches tall as pygmies, though for the most part these people prefer to be known by their ethnicity. Pygmy comes from the Greek word pugmaios, or "dwarf."
WORD FAMILY
pygmy: pygmies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three rare pygmy marmosets have been rescued and are set to be reunited, after being stolen from a Sydney zoo at the weekend.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Two men have been charged with stealing three rare pygmy marmosets from a wildlife park in Australia.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
The Luba then launched a revenge attack, killing at least 13 pygmies.
BBC(Oct 18, 2016)

Word: randy
Front: randy
[ˈrændi] (21326/17384)
Back: adj. 性欲冲动的; 好色的; [苏格兰]喧闹的; 粗俗的
n. [苏格兰]粗野的女人，强讨的叫花子，莽汉; 粗鲁悍妇
级别：randier, randiest
分布：好色的(75%)，兰迪(男子名(25%)
→来自 rant 拼写变体，来自 rant,咆哮，怒吼，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义激怒的，激动的，后 用于形容性兴奋的。
['ræn.di] informal
adjective
■full of sexual desire 性欲冲动的
adj. 好色的；喧闹的；粗俗的
 - low, coarse

Word: rationalisation

Word: scribe
Front: scribe
[skraɪb] (14460/12518)
Vocabulary: scribe
(once / 1325 pages)
1n 2nv
A scribe is a term for someone employed to make written copies of documents. Before printing was invented, the busy scribes in a village would write copies of all the legal documents.
As a noun, scribe has several meanings. It's used as an informal term to refer to journalists. Scribe also refers to a sharply pointed tool used for marking wood or metal to be cut. As a verb, it means "to score a line on something with a pointed instrument." The master craftsmen instructed you to scribe a line on the piece of wood where he pointed, to mark the spot where he wanted it cut.
WORD FAMILY
scribe: circumscribe, scribed, scriber, scribes, scribing+/ circumscribe: circumscribed, circumscribes, circumscribing, circumscription/circumscription: circumscriptions/scriber: scribers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Death, death, and more death… this year just keeps getting worse and worse,” the Game of Thrones scribe wrote on his Live Journal blog yesterday.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Now, if you ask me, theologians are not too far removed from the insufferable cloistered scribes of the nation’s greatest newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
These comforting thoughts are the last that this columnist will offer you as Schumpeter, though not his last as a scribe for The Economist.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （印刷术发明之前的）抄写员，抄书吏
时态：scribed, scribing, scribes
分布：抄写员(41%)，抄写(29%)，作家(9%)，划线器(8%)，书记员(6%)，划线(4%)，新闻记者(3%)
→来自拉丁语 scribere,写，来自 skribh,刻，划，扩大形式自 sker,砍，切，削，词源同 score,shear,scrabble.引申词义抄书匠，抄书吏。
书法家v.划线[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
noun countable
■a person employed before printing was invented to make copies of documents （印刷术发明之前的）抄书吏，抄写员
■in biblical times, a teacher of religious law （《圣经》时代的）法学家
n. 抄写员；作家； [建] 划线器
 - writer, author, pen
vt. 写下，记下； [建] 用划线器划
 - write down, take down
vi. 写下，记下；担任抄写员
 - write down, take down

Word: scaffold
Front: scaffold
[ˈskæfəʊld] (宝 18050/17122)
Vocabulary: scaffold
(once / 900 pages)
nv
An elevated temporary platform is called a scaffold. The scaffold is used because it is much safer and efficient to have workers and their materials on a platform than scrambling up and down ladders all day.
A scaffold is also the platform on which criminals used to be executed publicly by hanging or beheading. If you watch a lot of swashbuckler movies, you'll have seen depictions of a helpless person being threatened with beheading by a villain on a scaffold in a crowded square. Suddenly, out of the crowd a hero appears and saves the day, after which they ride off into the sunset.
WORD FAMILY
scaffold: scaffolded, scaffolding, scaffolds+/scaffolding: scaffoldings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sometimes the story, in all its magnificent ridiculousness, seems like mere scaffolding, propping up the ritual of the performance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So I managed to get permission to clamp a remote camera high up on the scaffolding supporting the TV studio.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The scaffold also needs to be able to contract, because this is the process that moves the intestine's contents along.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 脚手架; <史>断头台
时态：scaffolded, scaffolding, scaffolds
分布：脚手架(83%)，鹰架(10%)，绞刑台(7%)
→来自中古英语 scaffold,脚手架，临时搭的平台，来自古法语 eschaffaut,高台，来自拉丁语 scadafaltum,来自 ex-,向外，catafalcum,高台，高的看台，可能来自 cata-,向下，falcum,架子， 平台，词源同 balcony,balk.后引申词义断头台，绞刑架。
【记】sacf，fold（v 折叠）：折叠在一起的铁棍搭的架子－脚手架
US [-foʊld] noun countable
■a structure made of scaffolding for workers to stand on when they want to reach high parts of a building （建筑工人用的）鹰架
■a flat raised structure on which criminals are punished by having their heads cut off or by being hung with a rope around the neck until they die 断头台；绞刑台
n. [建] 脚手架；鹰架；绞刑台
 - false work, lding

Word: romeo

Word: spade
Front: spade
[speɪd] (高研四六 13365/8703 -1)
Vocabulary: spade
(once / 838 pages)
1nv 2n
If you're a gardener, you know that a spade is a small shovel with a short handle. A spade is perfect for planting bulbs and digging up weeds.
In addition to a small digging tool, a spade is also a suit of playing card — the black one that looks a bit like an upside-down heart. There's even a card game called "Spades" in which a spade has a higher value than any other suit. The two meanings have different roots; the card suit spade comes from the Greek spathe, and the little shovel kind of spade has Proto-Germanic roots that mean "flat piece of wood."
WORD FAMILY
spade: spade-like, spaded, spadeful, spades, spading+/spadeful: spadefuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
That may feel right and there’s nothing wrong with calling a spade a spade.
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
Castro has the Cuban moralistic streak in spades, showing no apparent affection for money or soft living.
Time(Nov 26, 2016)
Everything from tractors and quad bikes to spades and pitchforks went under the hammer this week.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 铁锹，铲子; 纸牌中的)黑桃
vt. 铲
时态：spaded, spading, spades
分布：铁锹(35%)，铲(33%)，黑桃(19%)，铲子(13%)
→来自古英语 spadu,锹，铲，来自 Proto-Germanic*spadan,锹，铲，来自 spe-dh-,扩展自*spe, 长木条，词源同 spoon,spay.spade 黑桃
n.铁锹,铲子The academic topic is why the blade of the spade is still sharp after decades' decay.学术话题是为什么铁锨刃口经过几十年的腐烂之后仍然锋利.
noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a tool used for digging especially soil or sand, with a long handle and a flat blade 铲，锹
• a garden spade 园艺铲
• The kids took their buckets and spades to the beach. 孩子们带着他们的桶子和铲子到海边去了。
[speɪd] noun
CARD 牌
countable
■a playing card with one or more black shapes like pointed leaves with short stems printed on it （纸牌中的）黑桃
spades [plural]
■one of the four suits in a set of playing cards 黑桃花色，一组黑桃
• the ace/Queen of spades 黑桃 A／皇后
[speɪd] noun
PERSON 人
countable offensive old-fashioned
■a black person 黑人
[speɪd] noun
in spades informal
■in large amounts or to a very great degree 很多；极其
• I don't get colds very often but when I do I get them in spades. 我平时很少感冒，可是一旦得了就很厉害。
shovel, spade
这组词都有“铲，铁，锹”的意思，其区别是：
shovel: 指用铲煤块、煤渣、沙雪或糖等铲子，有大有小。
spade: 指用于挖土刨地的铲子或铁锹。
n. 铁锹，铲子
 - rabbler
vt. [建] 铲；把……弄实抹平
 - shool
vi. [建] 铲
 - shovel

Word: stoppage
Front: stoppage
[ˈstɒpɪdʒ] (20251/15353 -1)
Back: n. 停止，中止; 故障; 阻塞，堵塞; 扣留
分布：罢工(40%)，停止(31%)，堵塞(19%)，扣留(10%)
→stop,停止，停工，-age,名词后缀。
US ['stɑ:.pɪdʒ] noun countable
NOT WORKING 罢工
■a time when work is stopped because of a disagreement between workers and employers 停工，罢工
UK ['stɒp.ɪdʒ] US ['stɑ:.pɪdʒ] noun countable
MONEY 钱 UK (US AND Australian deduction)
■an amount which is subtracted from the money that you are paid before you officially receive it （薪水的）扣除款
• Stoppages include things like tax, pension contributions and national insurance. 扣除款包括税款、养老年金和国民保险之类的款项。
n. 停止；故障； [劳经] 罢工；堵塞；扣留
 - fault, trouble, stay, strike, stand

Word: stainless
Front: stainless
['steɪnlɪs] (高六 8262/11524)
Back: adj. 不锈的; 不会脏的; 无污点的; 未被玷污的
分布：不锈的(44%)，无瑕疵的(28%)，无污点的(28%)
adj. [材] 不锈的；纯洁的，未被玷污的；无瑕疵的
 - pure, white

Word: seedy
Front: seedy
[ˈsi:di] (15847/18461 -1)
Vocabulary: seedy
(once / 4747 pages)
adj
When a place is seedy, it's sleazy, run-down — not the kind of place you'd take your mom. The East Village of New York was once known for being seedy, but now it's safe for children of all ages.
It's a mystery how the word seedy came to mean darkly rundown, slummy, and seamy, but it probably came from the appearance of flowers after they've shed their seeds. That's when they start to lose their color and eventually die. You'll find seedy used to describe places like dive bars, brothels, and those sections of town where dealers ply their drugs. Certain writers, such as Dennis Cooper and even Charles Dickens, are fascinated by the seedy underbelly of life in big cities, in scenes populated by wretched people and other outcasts.
WORD FAMILY
seedy: seedier, seediest, seedily, seediness+/reseed: reseeded, reseeding, reseeds/seed: reseed, seeded, seeder, seeding, seedless, seeds, seedy /seeded: multi-seeded, self-seeded, unseeded/seeder: seeders
USAGE EXAMPLES
At night it transforms from a quiet street into a gaudy, neon-light affair filled with bars, live music venues and seedy entertainment.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
As the two Jesuits set out for Japan, they find a translator named Kichijiro in a seedy neighborhood and drag him into their mission.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Hearing voices, a new mother flees with her baby to a seedy Maine hotel, where she discovers the other guests hear voices, too.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 破烂的; 多籽的，籽状的; 疲倦的; 粗鄙的
级别：seedier, seediest
分布：破旧的(43%)，多籽的(27%)，褴褛的(17%)，憔悴的(13%)
→seed,种子，籽，-y,形容词后缀。即结籽的，引申词义花期已过的，破败的。
adjective
■looking dirty or in bad condition and likely to be involved in dishonest or illegal activities 肮脏的；乱七八糟的； 褴褛的
• a seedy hotel 乱七八糟的旅馆
• He didn't like the look of the seedy characters who were hanging around outside the bar. 他不喜欢那些龌龊家伙的样子，他们总是在酒吧外面游荡。
adj. 多种子的；结籽的；破烂的
 - pippy, duddy

Word: summarily
Front: summarily
['sʌmərəlɪ] (宝 19090/18801)
Back: adv. 概括地; 即刻地; 简单（化）地; 草率地
分布：概括地(67%)，立刻地(33%)
【记】summary（adj 概括的），ly
【反】after long deliberation（长时间考虑的）
N-COUNT
总结;摘要;概括
A summary of something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details.
例：What follows is a brief summary of the process...接下来是对此流程的一个简短概括。
例：Here's a summary of the day's news...下面是今日新闻简报。
ADJ
从速的;即决的;草草的
Summary actions are done without delay, often when something else should have been done first or done instead.
例：It says torture and summary execution are common...那上面称酷刑和草草处决很常见。
例：There is no doubt that some considered that a beating was no more than summary justice...毫无疑问，有人认为拷打比草菅人命好不到哪去。
adv. 概要地；立刻；概略地
 - soon, immediately, now, shortly, roughly

Word: summarise

Word: swindle
Front: swindle
[ˈswɪndl] (宝 22226/22509 -1)
Vocabulary: swindle
(once / 1473 pages)
vn
To swindle is to cheat or steal. You can swindle money, goods, ideas, and anything else that can be stolen, but be careful, because someone can also swindle you.
In the late 1700s, the verb swindle formed from swindler, which means “giddy person, cheat.” Swindle can be a noun or a verb. When you get something by less than honest means, that’s a swindle. A successful act of swindle often involves some scheme or rigging of the system. Hollywood loves a good swindle — think of all the movies that show a bank robbery or people lying about who they are. Another funny word for swindle is bamboozle.
WORD FAMILY
swindle: swindled, swindler, swindles, swindling+/ swindler: swindlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others, however, see it as a swindle or deception.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
But the mother of all swindle flicks, now and forever, remains “The Sting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Mr. Swindle declined to be interviewed for this article.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 诈骗，骗取; 欺骗，诓骗
n. 诈骗，骗取; 骗局; 冒牌货，冒名顶替者
时态：swindled, swindling, swindles
分布：诈骗(47%)，骗局(25%)，骗取(20%)，诈取(8%)
【记】被swindle以后，money就会dwindle（v 减少）。S死，wind，le乐：死了还能在风中乐－骗人－诈骗
verb transitive
■to get money dishonestly from someone by deceiving or cheating them 诈骗，骗取（钱财）
• They swindled local businesses out of thousands of pounds. 他们向当地企业诈骗了几千英镑。
n. 欺诈；骗局
 - fraudulence, confidence trick
vt. 诈骗；骗取
 - nobble, linken
vi. 诈骗
 - shark, con game

Word: studiously
Front: studiously
[ˈstju:diəsli] (22801/19772)
Back: adv. 故意地; 好学地; 注意地; 细心计划地
分布：好学地(60%)，有意地(20%)，谨慎地(20%)
adv. 故意地；好学地；注意地
 - deliberately, intentionally

Word: tigris

Word: trickery
Front: trickery
[ˈtrɪkəri] (宝 21193/20669)
Vocabulary: trickery
(once / 3681 pages)
n
When tricks of any kind are used to fool or deceive someone, especially for financial gain, that's trickery.
If you suspect that a cute kid has scammed you out of twenty dollars, you have every right to accuse him of trickery. Trickery is using pretense or sleight of hand or fast talking to cheat a person out of some amount of money, the way a card sharp or a con man might do. The earliest use of trick was in this negative sense — a mean ruse or cheat. Trickery simply adds the Middle English ery to the end to form a new noun.
WORD FAMILY
trickery: trickeries+/trick: tricked, tricker, trickery, tricking, tricks, trickster, tricksy, tricky/tricker: trickers/trickster: tricksters/tricksy: tricksily/tricky: trickier, trickiest, trickily, trickiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resulting dish also puts up a good argument that deeply satisfying vegan cooking doesn’t require technical trickery or a library of esoteric pantry staples.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
After playing for a while — but before they realized the trickery — the students started showing anxiety responses before drawing from the penalizing decks.
Time(Nov 14, 2016)
Social media users are thoroughly unimpressed with the apparent digital trickery.
BBC(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 欺骗，哄骗，耍花招
分布：诡计(55%)，欺骗(45%)
→trick,花招，把戏，-ery,名词后缀。
欺诈(trick诡计)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
【记】源于：trick（n 诡计；v 欺骗）；trickster（n 骗子；魔术师）
US ['-ɚ-] noun uncountable disapproving
■when you use tricks to deceive or cheat people 欺骗，欺诈
• The government, he said, had resorted to political trickery in their attempts to retain power. 他说，政府为了保住权力在政治上采用了欺诈手段。
n. 欺骗；诡计；奸计
 - fraud, scheme, deception

Word: torrid
Front: torrid
[ˈtɒrɪd] (宝 22422/22971)
Vocabulary: torrid
(once / 4346 pages)
adj
If you’re having a torrid romance, that means it's steamy and emotionally charged. If you’re listening to a torrid band, then you’re listening to a band that has a lot of energy.
Torrid is an adjective that describes something that's extremely hot — in both the literal and the figurative senses. It also describes something that's very energetic, or something that has an extreme emotional charge — which is why people often apply torrid to love affairs. Torrid comes from the Latin word torrere, meaning “parch or scorch.” Being scorched can sometimes be exciting, but when you’re parched, you need water — and maybe a break from dating.
WORD FAMILY
torrid: torrider, torridity, torridly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state does not observe daylight saving time, preferring to end those torrid summer days as quickly as possible.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Matsuyama's torrid stretch began in October with a three-shot victory at the Japan Open, one of the Japan Golf Tour's major championships.
Golf Digest(Nov 29, 2016)
Credit growth, including local government bonds, is in the midteens, slower than the second quarter’s torrid pace but not by much.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 晒热的; 烘热的; 灼热的; 炎热的
分布：酷热的(46%)，热情的(36%)，色情的(9%)，困难的(9%)
→来自拉丁语 torrere,燃烧，使干燥，来自 ters,干的，词源同 terrain,toast.
酷热的[torr=dry(干)]
【记】读：特热的－酷热的
【反】arctic（adj 北极的）
US ['tɔ:r.ɪd] adjective
EMOTIONS 感情
■involving strong emotions, especially those of sexual love （尤指性爱）热烈的，炽烈的
• a torrid romance 炽烈的爱情
UK ['tɒr.ɪd] US ['tɔ:r.ɪd] adjective
WEATHER 天气 formal
■extremely hot 炎热的；灼热的
• the torrid heat of August 八月的酷热
UK ['tɒr.ɪd] US ['tɔ:r.ɪd] adjective
a torrid time UK
■a period when you experience a lot of problems 艰难时期；多事之秋
adj. [气象] 晒热的；热情的
 - intense, warm, hot, tropical, enthusiastic

Word: teamster
Front: teamster
[ˈti:mstə(r)] (27651/-)
Back: n. 赶一群牲畜者，卡车驾驶员
分布：卡车驾驶员(75%)，联畜运输车驾驭员(25%)
→team,团队，-ster,人。比喻用法。
US [-stɚ] US
noun countable
■someone who drives a truck as a job 货车司机

Word: tutelage
Front: tutelage
[ˈtju:təlɪdʒ] (宝 18256/22184)
Vocabulary: tutelage
(once / 6809 pages)
n
If you babysit and tutor younger children after school, the kids are under your tutelage. You are responsible for their care and education.
Tutelage can mean guardianship as well as teaching and sometimes it's difficult to tell which sense is meant. If an athlete is under the tutelage of his coach, the coach teaches him but is also responsible for the athlete's health and well-being. When the word describes a situation where one country or culture takes charge of another, it's more clear that management and guardianship are meant.
WORD FAMILY
tutor: tutelage, tutored, tutorial, tutoring, tutors, tutorship+/tutored: untutored/ tutorial: tutorials/tutorship: tutorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kathleen “KT” McFarland started her career as a low-level staffer in the Situation Room of Nixon’s White House and rose under the tutelage of Kissinger.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It also wanted a trade of prisoners and bodies of slain Hezbollah and Iraqi militants under its tutelage.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
He counts two former Muslims and one former agnostic who have converted to Christianity under his tutelage at Parkview Gardens.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 保护; 受监护; 指导; （对外国领土的）托管
分布：指导(49%)，监护(44%)，托管(7%)
→来自 tutor,导师，教师，-age,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
保护;教育(tutel[=tut]+age)[tut,tuit=protect,表示"保护"]
US ['tu:.tˌəl.ɪdʒ] formal
noun uncountable
■help, advice or teaching about how to do something 指导；建议；教导
• Under the tutelage of Professor Roberts, the 900 delegates assessed and discussed the social market economy. 在罗伯茨教授的指导下，900名代表评估和讨论了社会市场经济。
n. [法] 监护；指导
 - guidance, direction, custody, steering

Word: vanilla
Front: vanilla
[vəˈnɪlə] (高宝 5374/16038)
Vocabulary: vanilla
(once / 2312 pages)
nadj
Vanilla is the flavor for food — such as ice cream — that contains extract from the vanilla plant. This word also describes things that are boring or plain.
If something is called vanilla — such as coffee or a milkshake — it's usually flavored with vanilla extract or the seeds from a vanilla pod. Vanilla is the most common flavor of ice cream. This word has another, slightly insulting, meaning: a vanilla movie is plain and kind of boring. A vanilla song is on the blah side. Maybe it's because vanilla food tends to be white and plain that we use this word for other things that are bland.
WORD FAMILY
vanilla: vanillas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a plain vanilla blank canvas,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
During Caribbean getaways, he would skip beach days to hunt for vanilla, allspice and nutmeg.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Carefully stir in the vanilla, then continue to stir until the mixture stops bubbling.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 香子兰，香草; 香子兰荚; 香子兰精，香草精
adj. 香草的; 香草味的; 相对没有新意的，普通的
分布：香草(100%)
→来自拉丁语vagina,剑鞘，字母g脱落，-illa,小词后缀。因这种植物豆荚形如剑鞘而得名。
【记】van碗，ill，a：生病了就吃一碗香草。
noun uncountable
■a substance made from the seeds of a tropical plant, which is used to give flavour to sweet foods （用于给食物调味的）香子兰精，香草精
• vanilla essence/extract 香子兰精
• vanilla ice cream/yoghurt 香草霜淇淋／乳酪
• a vanilla milkshake 香草奶昔
• Add two teaspoons of vanilla and stir. 加两茶匙香草精并搅拌一下。
• Keeping a vanilla UKpod/ USbean (= seed container) in your sugar jar will add a delicate flavour. 在糖罐里放一颗香子兰荚可以增添一股幽香。
n. 香子兰， [植] 香草
 - herb, bouquet garni

Word: unworthy
Front: unworthy
[ʌnˈwɜ:ði] (14715/14125 -1)
Back: adj. 不值得的; 无价值的; 不合适的; 可恶的，卑劣的
分布：无价值的(68%)，没有优点的(16%)，不值得的；不应得的(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
不值得的；配不上的
If a person or thing is unworthy of something good, they do not deserve it.
例：You may feel unworthy of the attention and help people offer you...你可能会觉得自己不值得别人关心和帮助。
例：He felt unworthy of being married to such an attractive woman.他觉得自己不配娶这么迷人的女人。
ADJ-GRADED
不相称的；与（某人）身份不相符的
If you say that an action is unworthy of someone, you mean that it is not a nice thing to do and someone with their reputation or position should not do it.
例：Miss Melville could not resist asking, although she knew it was unworthy of her...梅尔维尔小姐忍不住问起来，虽然她知道自己不该问。
例：His accusations are unworthy of a prime minister.他的指责与其首相身份不相称。
adj. 不值得的；无价值的；不相称的
 - inappropriate, indign

Word: unborn
Front: unborn
[ˌʌnˈbɔ:n] (11469/14468 -1)
Back: adj. 未出生的，未诞生的; 未来的，后世的
分布：将来的(50%)，未生的(50%)
US [-'bɔ:rn] adjective
■not yet born; in the mother's womb 未出生的
• the protection of the unborn child 对胎儿的保护
adj. 未来的；未诞生的
 - future, prospective

Word: yuppie
Front: yuppie
['jʌpɪ] (17920/19803 -1)
Vocabulary: yuppie
(once / 20809 pages)
n
If your brother calls you a yuppie, it's not a compliment, but it does mean that he sees you as a well-paid, professional adult.
In the mid-1980's, people started using the derogatory term yuppie to talk about a particular group of middle-class, well-educated workers. Yuppies are distinguished by their disposable income and the things on which they choose to spend it, like clothes, food, and cars. Yuppie is a shortened form of "young urban professional," and its popularity won out over other acronyms of the time, "yumpie," for "young upwardly mobile professional, and "yap," for "young aspiring professional."
WORD FAMILY
yuppie: yuppies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s Hitler Youth rebranded as Hitler Yuppie — an insidious way to blend in.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
This detail immediately establishes them as unnatural childless yuppie scum.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
The party seduced and depended on wealthy suburbanites, and on yuppies streaming back to the inner city. It worked, for a while.
Slate(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. （美）雅皮士（属于中上阶层的年轻专业人士）
分布：名词(100%)
→缩写自young urban professional.
(also yuppy) ['jʌp.i] noun countable disapproving
■a young person who lives in a city, earns a lot of money and spends it doing fashionable things and buying expensive possessions 雅皮士（指高收入、喜欢追求时尚并购买昂贵物品的城市青年）
• They're just a couple of yuppies with more money than sense. 他们只不过是一对乱花钱的雅皮士而已。

Word: abolitionist
Front: abolitionist
[ˌæbəˈlɪʃənɪst] (托 17150/17978)
Vocabulary: abolitionist
(once / 1792 pages)
n
An abolitionist was someone who wanted to end slavery, especially in the United States before the Civil War — when owning slaves was common practice.
Back when many landowners in the United States forced slaves to work their land, abolitionists believed that slavery violated the basic human right of freedom, and organized to make slavery illegal, writing anti-slavery literature, proposing new laws, and smuggling slaves into free Canada. The Latin root abolere means “destroy,” and an abolitionist is generally a person who wants to destroy any law or practice, like the abolitionists who fight to end the death penalty.
WORD FAMILY
abolitionist: abolitionists+/ abolish: abolishable, abolished, abolishes, abolishing, abolishment, abolition / abolition: abolitionism, abolitions/abolitionism: abolitionist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mary Todd Lincoln’s fiery independence and abolitionist agenda, along with her designs for refurbishing a decaying White House during the Civil War, evinced harsh criticism.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Despite these numbers, death-penalty abolitionists also received a host of bad news this year.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
In April, it was announced that abolitionist Tubman would replace slave-owning Andrew Jackson on the front of the US $20 bill.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 废除主义者，废奴主义者
adj. 废除主义者的，主张废除主义的; （国家）已废除死刑的
分布：废奴主义者(66%)，废除主义者(34%)
noun countable
■a person who supports the abolition of something 主张废除…的人，废除主义者

Word: aficionado
Front: aficionado
[əˌfɪʃəˈnɑ:dəʊ] (14340/21393)
Vocabulary: aficionado
(once / 14397 pages)
n
If you really like something and make it your business to study up on its history and characteristics, you could be called an aficionado of that subject.
This sort of funny-looking word might seem like it needs a second “f,” but it really doesn’t, and you should hold out on the temptation to add another one. (The single “f” spelling is a result of the word’s Spanish heritage.) The word aficionado implies serious study and fervent interest — it’s often applied to lovers of wine, known as wine aficionados — but you can think of it as just a fancy way to say fan. You could call yourself a football aficionado, for example, if you think that sounds more impressive than just saying you’re a football fan. (Though that might get you beat up in certain bars.)
WORD FAMILY
aficionado: aficionados
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their erudite annotations are included at right—just a taste of what their books offer the would-be oyster aficionado.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Traditional fare such as mince pies, custard, sherry trifle and Twelfth Night fish cakes will please any aficionado of British cuisine.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Here are the history books to get for everyone on your shopping list, from sports fans to art aficionados.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <西>酷爱…者，…迷; <西> 爱看斗牛的人
分布：=afficionado(100%)
→来自西班牙语。词源同affect, 指关心，友爱，后指着迷。
US [-doʊ] (plural aficionados) formal
noun countable
■someone who is very interested in and enthusiastic about a particular subject 酷爱…者；…迷
• a club for model railway aficionados 铁路模型爱好者俱乐部
• an aficionado of French films 对法国电影入迷的人
n. 迷；狂热爱好者
 - fan, afficionado

Word: alteration
Front: alteration
[ˌɔ:ltəˈreɪʃn] (六托 9007/4349)
Vocabulary: alteration
(once / 518 pages)
n
The pants are too long, the jacket too tight and the vest is too short. Looks like your suit is in need of some serious alteration, or adjustment.
No one knows alterations like tailors. All they do is adjust, modify and otherwise alter people's ill fitting clothes. But hemlines aren't the only things that can undergo alteration. Savvy scientists may someday make alterations to genetic sequencing — just like Dr. Jekyll underwent some serious alterations to become Mr. Hyde.
WORD FAMILY
alteration: alterations+/ alter: alterable, alteration, alterative, altered, altering, alters/ alterable: alterability, inalterable, unalterable / altered: unaltered /altering: alterings/inalterable: inalterably/ unalterable: unalterability, unalterably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
They also found hints that the alterations help women prepare for motherhood.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Michael E. Hammond, a legal adviser to the gun-rights group, said the alterations never seem to be enough for those who dislike guns.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 变化，改变; 变更
分布：改变(68%)，变更(32%)
改造,改变(alter+ation表名词)[alter,altern,ali=other,to change表示"其他的,改变状态"]
US [ˌɑ:l.tˌə-] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character or structure of something （通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化
• Several police officers are being questioned about the alteration of the documents. 因为档案被窜改一事，数名员警正接受讯问。
• The house needed extensive alterations when we moved in. 我们搬进来的时候，房子已经该大修了。
• Some alterations to our original plans might be necessary. 或许有必要对我们最初的计划作一些改动。
countable
■a change that is made to the size or shape of a piece of clothing so that it fits better （对衣服尺寸和形状的）修改
• She's getting some alterations done to her dress. 她将衣服做了些修改。
uncountable
■the process of changing something 变化（过程）
• The landscape has undergone considerable alteration. 这里的景观产生了很大变化。
fluctuate, alteration, change, modify, convert, shift（in）, alternation, alter, variations
fluctuate: 没有规律的上下波动
alteration: 强调细节的变化
change: 强调某种本质的变化
modify: “更改，修改”程度略小并有趋缓之意
convert: 用途上的改变，也作态度和信仰的变化
shift（in）: 转换，转变
alternation: 轮流，交替（take turn）
alter: 细枝末节的修改，而非脱胎换骨
variations: 指不规则的或断续的改变，或指一种东西改成了不同样式
n. 修改，改变；变更
 - modification, changing

Word: bison
Front: bison
[ˈbaɪsn] (托 10820/26540)
Vocabulary: bison
(once / 3437 pages)
n
A bison is a large, shaggy, hoofed animal. Bison are mostly native to North America, though there is one species found in Western Europe and Central Asia.
The most common type of bison is also called a buffalo, and it's the largest land animal in North America. Bison tend to travel in herds and periodically wallow in dirt to keep themselves cool and free of parasites, and while they're generally slow-moving, they can run as fast as 35 miles per hour when they want to. The word bison is Latin for "wild ox," ultimately from a Slavic or Baltic root meaning "the stinking animal."
WORD FAMILY
bison: bisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are over 1,500 bison in Poland, mostly living freely in state-owned reserves but also on private farms.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Perhaps a section of upscale goods like goji berries, bison burgers and recycled toilet paper alongside a more down-home selection of everyday staples.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Lee Timmerman, who is the voice of the North Dakota State Bison, said Cole’s name recognition saved the station.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 野牛
分布：野牛(100%)
→来自PIE *weis, 流，散发臭味，词源同virus, 病毒。指野牛身上流出的腥味。字母r,s音变。
['baɪ.sən] (plural bisons or bison)
noun countable
■a large wild animal, similar to a cow but having a larger head and shoulders covered in hair, found especially in North America （尤指北美）野牛
n. 北美野牛；欧洲野牛
 - aurochs, wisent

Word: applicable
Front: applicable
[əˈplɪkəbl] (研四六宝 7582/4629 -1)
Vocabulary: applicable
(once / 812 pages)
adj
If something's applicable, it matters in a certain case: it's relevant. If we're going to have rules, shouldn't they be applicable to everyone?
Is the idea that there's only one correct way to pronounce a word applicable when it comes to applicable? There's some disagreement about this among the experts, but you'll hear people pronounce applicable two ways: with emphasis on “app” or with emphasis on “plic.” So take your pick and use this word confidently wherever it's applicable.
WORD FAMILY
applicable: applicability, applicably, inapplicable +/ applicant: applicants/ application: applications/applier: appliers/ apply: applicable, applicant, application, applicative, applicatory, applied, applier, applies, applying, misapply/ inapplicable: inapplicability, inapplicably/misapplication: misapplications/misapply: misapplication, misapplied, misapplies, misapplying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under the new law, the new symbol must be used in all applicable buildings constructed, substantially renovated or expanded after Jan. 1.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The maximum raise is only applicable to the capital Bangkok and its surrounding provinces, the Bangkok Post reports.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Applicable restrictions for Friday will be announced by midday on Thursday.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 适当的; 可应用的
分布：适用的(66%)，可应用的(17%)，合适的(17%)
a.可应用(实施)的;适当的,合适的The alliance enhanced the reliability of the applicable alloy appliances.盟友增强了适用的合金用具的可靠性.
【记】apply（vt 申请，应用）；applicability（n 适用性）
adjective
■affecting or relating to a person or thing 生效的；适合的，适用的
• This part of the law is only applicable to companies employing more than five people. 该法律这一部分条款仅适用于有五名以上雇员的公司。
• The new qualifications are applicable to all European countries. 新的限定条件适用于所有欧洲国家。
adj. [药] 可适用的；可应用的；合适的
 - becoming, shaped, likely, possible, meet

Word: amateurish
Front: amateurish
[ˈæmətərɪʃ] (宝 25255/20119)
Vocabulary: amateurish
(once / 11891 pages)
adj
Something that's amateurish is done by someone who's not an expert. Your amateurish attempt at baking might result in a lopsided pink cake, for example.
If your handmade dress is amateurish, it won't look like you bought it in a department store. When a brand new teacher makes an amateurish try at getting his class's attention, he doesn't exactly sound like an authority figure. At the heart of amateurish is the noun amateur, or "beginner." The oldest meaning of amateur is "lover of something," from the Latin amatorem, "lover," although by the late 1700's it came to mean "dabbler," or not a professional.
WORD FAMILY
amateurish: amateurishly, amateurishness+/ amateur: amateurish, amateurism, amateurly, amateurs/amateurism: amateurisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The feature-length videos in the show, including meditations on Patty Hearst, the Manson family and the Weather Underground, are variously gory, tedious, compelling and amateurish.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But what about the concern that too many live streaming videos from companies look amateurish?
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
With so much to cover, it’s a regrettably amateurish effort in tone, style and pacing, as if her first cut were her final cut.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 外行的，不熟练的
分布：业余的(62%)，不熟练的(38%)
【记】amateur（n 业余爱好者），amat＝amor爱，eur表示人－有爱好的人－业余爱好者
【参】amorous（v 多情的）；enamored（adj 倾心的，被迷住的）
US [ˌæm.ə'tʊr.ɪʃ] disapproving
adjective
■having no skill, or showing no skill 不熟练的；外行的
• Their website looks amateurish. 他们的网站看起来很蹩脚。
adj. 业余的；不熟练的；外行的
 - strange, leisure, lay

Word: callow
Front: callow
[ˈkæləʊ] (宝 27305/22424)
Vocabulary: callow
(once / 7631 pages)
adj
If you're a rookie or new to something, you could be described as callow — like callow freshmen in high school or the callow receptionist who can't figure out how to transfer a call.
The word callow comes from the Old English word calu, which meant "bald or featherless." It was used to describe young, fledgling birds. Over time, the meaning expanded to include young, inexperienced people. You'll most often see the adjective paired with the noun youth. Think of the callow youth as people who haven't tested their wings yet.
WORD FAMILY
callow: callower, callowest, callowness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Older workers sometimes begrudge being managed by a callow colleague.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Expertly and convincingly, Callow rejects the common disdain for Welles’s post-1948 career.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
With his outburst, it seems that the kind but callow boy has suddenly and inadvertently taken the first steps to becoming a man.
New York Times(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 羽翼未丰的; 幼小的; <文>稚嫩的; 乳臭未干的
分布：未成熟的(78%)，缺乏经验的(22%)
→来自PIE *gal, 秃头，参照Calvinism, chauvinism, 进一步来自ghel, 发光的，词源同glass, gleam。指刚出生的，没长毛的。
【记】call说，low低－说话声音低－没力气－不成熟
【反】behaving with adult sophistication（做事成熟老练的）
US [-oʊ] literary disapproving
adjective
■describes someone, especially a young person, who behaves in a way that shows they have little experience, confidence or judgment （尤指年轻人）幼稚的，不自信的，不谙世事的
• Mark was just a callow youth of sixteen when he arrived in Paris. 马克到巴黎的时候还是个不谙世事的16岁少年。
adj. 年轻而无经验的； [鸟] 羽毛未丰的
 - fledgeless, unfledged

Word: brazenly
Front: brazenly
['breɪznlɪ] (22092/34267)
Back: adv. 厚颜无耻地; 厚脸皮地
肆无忌惮地
分布：无耻地(58%)，厚脸皮地(42%)
adv. 厚脸皮地，厚颜无耻地
 - cheekily

Word: burner
Front: burner
[ˈbɜ:nə(r)] (六 8217/14264 -1)
Back: n. 炉子，燃烧器; （火炉、煤油灯等的）灯口; 烧制者; 灯光
分布：燃烧器(93%)，火炉(7%)
US ['bɝ:.nɚ] noun countable
■the part of a cooker, light, etc. that produces flame or heat 炉心；煤气炉；炉膛；灯头
n. [热] [化工] 燃烧器；火炉；燃烧炉；灯头
 - inflamer, combuster

Word: canopy
Front: canopy
[ˈkænəpi] (托宝 7041/8009 -1)
Vocabulary: canopy
(once / 1056 pages)
nv
A canopy is a roof-like covering for a bed, made of fabric. A lot of little girls dream of having a four-poster bed with a ruffled canopy.
Any fabric cover that acts as a roof can be called a canopy, and so can something resembling such a covering, like a canopy of leaves created by trees. The Greek word that's at the root of canopy is konopeion, which means "Egyptian couch with mosquito curtains." The Old French conope, which evolved into today's canopy, originally meant "bed-curtain."
WORD FAMILY
canopy: canopied, canopies, canopying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Orangutans spend 90 percent of their time in the tree canopy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Conversely, a green canopy isn’t a sign of a tree’s health, Green said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The tree canopy filtered the light for a blue-green effect as we approached the redwoods of Muir Woods.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 天篷，华盖; [建] 顶篷，顶盖; 苍穹; 树荫
v. 用华盖遮蔽
时态：canopied, canopying, canopies
分布：天篷(62%)，苍穹(21%)，遮篷(17%)
→来自拉丁词conopeum, 蚊子，后指蚊罩。可能来自sek, 砍，切，词源同carnage, saw. 在法语该词也可指沙发。
【记】canop＝mosquito蚊子－蚊帐读：看那儿癖－有看那儿的癖好－要把头伸进蚊帐里面
noun countable
■a cover fixed over a seat or bed, etc. for shelter or decoration （座位或床上的）顶罩，罩盖，罩篷
■the branches and leaves that spread out at the top of a group of trees forming a type of roof 树冠层；顶蓬似的树荫
■the transparent part in a military aircraft which covers the place where the pilot sits （军用飞机的）座舱罩
■the large circular piece of cloth that is the main part of a parachute （降落伞的）伞衣
n. 天篷； [建] 华盖；遮篷；苍穹
 - baldachin, marquee
vt. 用天蓬遮盖；遮盖
 - blot out, overcurtain

Word: cellar
Front: cellar
[ˈselə(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 7671/6029 -1)
Vocabulary: cellar
(once / 408 pages)
n
A cellar is a basic, unfinished basement. In a very old house, the cellar might have stone walls and a rough dirt floor.
Your cellar might basically be a basement, a place you keep your tools and do your laundry. Some cellars have specific purposes, including a storm cellar, where you take cover during a tornado or other storm, and a root cellar, where you store potatoes and other root vegetables during the cold months of the year. This kind of cellar comes the closest to the meaning of the Latin root, cellarium: "pantry or storeroom."
WORD FAMILY
cellar: cellars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The NBC broadcast network was in the ratings cellar — in fourth place among the big broadcast networks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
On a visit to Champagne, where some of that war’s fiercest battles raged, I visited the cellars of Champagne Bollinger.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Distributed by Metro Cellars: On the list in the District at Kinship.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 地下室，地窖; 酒窖; <英>（都市住宅的）地下煤窖; [机]油盒
vt. 把…藏入地窖（酒窖）
分布：地窖(58%)，地下室(41%)，把 ... 藏入地窑(1%)
→来自kel, 隐藏，遮盖，词源同cell, ceiling, hole.
地窖(cell小房子+ar)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
n.地窑,地下室The cellar-dweller yelled, "Fell the jellyfish burglar!"住地下室的人喊道:"打倒海蜇窃贼!"
【记】cell（n 细胞，小屋）
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a room under the ground floor of a building, usually used for storage （通常用于储物的）地窖，地下室
n. [建] 地窖；酒窖；地下室
 - basement, earth pit

Word: crap
Front: crap
[kræp] (7117/7377 -2)
Vocabulary: crap
(once / 4721 pages)
1nv 2n
Crap is a versatile word, usually meaning feces, stuff, or garbage. It's definitely slang but not really obscene.
This is a word that's on the borderline between acceptable slang and potty language. You can be 100% sure that saying the s-word (which means almost exactly the same thing as crap) will get you in trouble if you said it in class, but crap isn't so clear cut. It's sort of naughty but getting less naughty all the time. But whether you're taking a crap (pooping) or being told to get all the crap (junk) off your desk, you'll find that crap of any kind is never held in high regard.
WORD FAMILY
crap: crapped, crapper, crapping, crappy, craps+/crapper: crappers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Then, it was like ‘Holy crap, what did we just do?’” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I was 17, and had started working Sundays as a waitress in crap pubs on the outskirts of Slough.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Locked and loaded ready to go. Tired of this crap and time to do something.” threatened Chris Border.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 废物; 废话; 排泄; 排泄物
vi. 掷骰子; 拉屎; 〈俚〉放弃计划（等）; 〈俚〉休息，打盹
时态：crapped, crapping, craps
分布：垃圾(67%)，粪便(17%)，蹩脚的(4%)，劣质的(4%)，质量差的东西(4%)，排便(4%)
→词源不确定，可能来自拟声词。
noun
SOLID WASTE 固体废物
[S or U] offensive
■solid waste, or when an animal or person produces solid waste 排泄物，粪便，屎；排泄
• I stepped in a pile of crap. 我踩上了一摊屎。
• That dog's just UK had / US taken a crap on my lawn. 那条狗刚刚在我的草坪里拉了一堆屎。
[kræp] noun
BAD 不好的
uncountable
■something which is not worth anything, not useful, nonsense or of bad quality 废物，垃圾；蹩脚货；废话，胡扯
• I can't believe she's trying to pass off this crap as art! 我简直不敢相信她想拿这个破玩意冒充艺术品！
• I've only read one novel by him and it was a load of crap. 我唯读过他的一部小说，简直是一堆垃圾。
[kræp] noun
GAME 游戏
craps (also crap) US
uncountable
■a game played with dice for money 掷骰子赌博游戏
[kræp] adjective (crapper, crappest) informal or offensive
■of very bad quality 蹩脚的，糟糕的
• A bad film? It was crap! 糟糕的电影？简直太蹩脚了！
• UK He watches a lot of crap TV. 他看许多垃圾电视节目。
■not skilled or not organized 不老练的；不熟练的；混乱的
• He's totally crap at football. 他足球踢得太差劲了。
• I meant to call him and invite him, but I've been a bit crap about asking people. 我本想打电话邀请他，可是请人我向来不在行。
[kræp] verb intransitive (-pp-) offensive
■to produce solid waste 产生固体废物
• The dog crapped right in the middle of the street. 那条狗就在街中央拉了屎。
[kræp] verb intransitive (-pp-) offensive
  Phrasal Verbs  crap on
■to talk for a long time in a boring way （长时间地）胡扯
• I had to listen to Mikey crapping on about his music collection. 我不得不听米奇没完没了地胡扯他的音乐收藏品。
n. 废话；废物；屎；拉屎
 - waste, refuse, garbage
vi. 掷骰子；拉屎
 - roll the dice, throw the dice

Word: crumb
Front: crumb
[krʌm] (雅宝 7218/10006 -1)
Vocabulary: crumb
(once / 893 pages)
1nv 2n
A crumb is a very tiny piece of food. Some recipes instruct you to top a dish with bread crumbs before you bake it.
Crumbs are what you're left with after finishing a box of cookies or a bag of tortilla chips — the bits that are too small to eat. You can also talk about other, non-edible types of crumbs, like the crumb of wisdom in an otherwise silly movie or the crumb of information a detective finds at a crime scene. The Old English root is cruma, "crumb," and it's thought that the silent b was influenced by words like dumb.
WORD FAMILY
crumb: crumbed, crumbing, crumbly, crumbs+/crumbly: crumbliest, crumbliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A: $24 million is a lot for you and me but it’s not very much, its crumbs, in a state budget.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Gates, the billionaire philanthropist who arrived at noon for his meeting, avoided such awkwardness by talking to reporters alone, and offering them only crumbs.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
It gets the crumbs from superstar cities: Amazon warehouses, a Microsoft data center.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 碎屑（尤指面包屑或糕饼屑）; 面包心; 些许，少许; <俚>可鄙的人物
v. 捏碎，弄碎; [烹]裹上面包屑用油煎
时态：crumbed, crumbing, crumbs
分布：少许(100%)
→来自古英语cruma, 面包屑，碎片。可能同crisp, 卷的， 脆的。
【记】crumble（v 弄碎）：把面包弄碎，变成面包屑
noun countable
■a very small piece of bread, cake or biscuit 面包屑；糕饼渣
⇒ See also breadcrumbs
■a small amount of something 少许，点滴
• a crumb of hope/comfort 一线希望／一丝安慰
n. 面包屑，碎屑；少许
 - little, touch
vt. 弄碎；捏碎
 - spall

Word: congenial
Front: congenial
[kənˈdʒi:niəl] (托宝 16200/14361 -1)
Vocabulary: congenial
(once / 905 pages)
1adj 2adj
A congenial person is easy to get along with. If you're trying to decide which of your friends to take on a road trip, choose the most congenial one.
Congenial means sharing the same temperament, or agreeing with your temperament. You can talk about a congenial person, place, or environment. Maybe you enjoy the congenial atmosphere of the library. Or perhaps for you the disco is more congenial. As you might expect for such a vaguely approving word, there are many synonyms: agreeable, pleasant, delectable, delightful, enjoyable, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
congenial: congeniality, congenially, congenialness, uncongenial+/ congeniality: congenialities/uncongenial: uncongeniality, uncongenially/uncongeniality: uncongenialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But since the role she played best was herself, Zsa Zsa found her most congenial stage on variety shows, game shows and talk shows.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
If that happens to be your mood, too, I can’t think of a more congenial place to eat well downtown.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He admits that when he first envisioned a film career, he didn’t see the internet as a congenial home for his work.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 意气相投的; 性格相似的; 适意的; 投缘
分布：适意的(38%)，友善的(31%)，同性质的(21%)，趣味相同的(10%)
→con-, 强调。-gen, 生育，词源同gene, generate,kind. 本义指相同出身的，相似的。
意气相投的(con共同+gen+ial→产生共同[兴趣]→情投意合的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
意气相投的(con共同+gen产生+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
【记】con共同，geni＝genius（n 才能）－有共同才能－情趣相投的con，gen＝gene（基因）：有共同的基因是一个妈生的，所以意气相投的
【反】dour（adj 不爱讲话的；严厉的）
adjective
■friendly and pleasant 友善的；令人愉快的；怡人的
• congenial company/surroundings 友善的伙伴／令人愉快的环境
adj. 意气相投的；性格相似的；适意的；一致的
 - united, consistent, corresponding, solid, matching

Word: conducive
Front: conducive
[kənˈdju:sɪv] (雅宝 11002/11125 -1)
Vocabulary: conducive
(once / 2792 pages)
adj
Conducive means tending to cause or produce something. Regular exercise is conducive to happiness and a feeling of well-being.
This adjective is usually followed by the preposition to, and it refers to bringing about something favorable or helpful: A positive attitude is conducive to good health. Conducive was formed in English from the less common verb conduce "to lead or contribute to a result." The verb conduce descends from Middle English conducen, from Latin conducere, from the prefix com- "together" plus ducere "to lead." And the suffix –ive means "tending to."
WORD FAMILY
conduce: conduced, conduces, conducing, conducive
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, she says, the political climate was not conducive to a good education.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Even for tokens, these women tend to be pretty cliched: They wear leather and heels, even though neither are conducive to fighting.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
“We are trying to create a community that is conducive to the way people live their lives here,” Morkun said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有助于…的
分布：有益的(73%)，有助的(27%)
US [-'du:-] adjective
■providing the right conditions for something good to happen or exist 有利的，有助的，有益的
• Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night's sleep. 在这样嘈杂的环境下，晚上难以睡个好觉。
• This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying. 这样的气氛更有利于学习。
adj. 有益的；有助于…的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, advantageous, profitable

Word: electrician
Front: electrician
[ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃn] (研六雅 13255/11372 -1)
Vocabulary: electrician
(once / 5221 pages)
n
An electrician is a person whose job involves fixing or installing electrical wiring systems. If you keep blowing fuses in your kitchen, you may need to hire an electrician to fix your house's wiring.
While electricians also work on airplanes, ships, and various kinds of machines, most electricians do their job in houses and buildings that are wired for electricity to run lights, appliances, computers, and other gadgets. To work as an electrician, you need to be trained and licensed, which is especially important because of how dangerous electricity can be. In the 18th century, electricians were "scientists concerned with electricity," but by the late 1800s they were "electrical technicians."
WORD FAMILY
electrician: electricians+/ electric: electrical, electrically, electrician, electricity, electrics/ electricity: electricities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Priebus grew up in historically Democratic blue-collar Kenosha, the son of a German American electrician father and a Greek mother born in Africa.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Inside, carpenters, electricians and designers scrambled to complete work on the $7.5 million lodge in the run-up to its official opening late last month.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
An electrician working in the 9200 block of Corporate Boulevard on Wednesday was knocked unconscious after accidentally touching an electrified line.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 电工，电气技师
分布：电工(93%)，电气技师(7%)
n.电学家,电工Her father's an electrician by trade.她父亲是当电工的.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who puts in and checks electrical wires 电工；电气技师
n. 电工；电气技师
 - wireman, electrochemical engineering

Word: cub
Front: cub
[kʌb] (宝 10403/10029 -1)
Vocabulary: cub
(once / 896 pages)
nv
A cub is a baby animal. A mother fox sometimes carries her cub by the scruff of its neck.
Use the word cub when you talk about one of a number of meat-eating mammal babies, including bears, foxes, lions, and tigers. While a tiny bear cub looks as adorable and helpless as a stuffed animal, its mother is ferocious and protective of her cubs. In the old days, people also called a young, immature boy a cub — today, a human cub is more likely to be a junior Boy Scout — a Cub Scout.
WORD FAMILY
cub: cubbed, cubbing, cubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the film, a young photojournalist rescues a white tiger cub ensnared by a poacher’s trap.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Never mind that Cubs reliever Aroldis Chapman was sputtering in the late innings of Game 7 like the cyborg in “Terminator 3.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A majority of Americans, including 7 in 10 Midwesterners, called November’s World Series win for the Chicago Cubs to end their 108-year drought memorable.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 幼小的兽; 愣头青，毛头小伙子; 新手
v. （野兽）生仔; 捉幼狐（幼兽）
时态：cubbed, cubbing, cubs
分布：幼兽(80%)，年轻人(20%)
→词源不详。可能来自cub-,躺下，词源同incubation,孵卵，孵化。
【记】cu拼：哭，b吧：哭吧！要成为幼兽的午餐了；哭吧！都20多了还是个愣头儿青！cub作为词根是“睡觉”的意思
【参】cube（n 立方体）；incubation（n 孵蛋；潜伏期）
noun countable
YOUNG ANIMAL 幼兽
■a young lion, bear, wolf , etc. （狮、熊、狼等的）幼崽，幼兽
[kʌb] noun countable
BOY 男孩 (also cub scout)
■a boy aged between 8 and 11 years old who is a member of the international organization called the Scouts （年龄在8至11岁之间的）幼年童子军
n. 幼兽；不懂规矩的年轻人
 - get, joey

Word: cute
Front: cute
[kju:t] (雅 4345/11929 -1)
Vocabulary: cute
(once / 1973 pages)
adj
The adjective cute describes something that’s attractive in a pleasing, nonthreatening way. Things that are small or young are often described as cute, like babies, puppies, or toy fire engines.
Something that’s cute is easy to like. We usually use cute to describe how something looks, like your cute smile or your cute dimples, but you can use it for anything that’s endearing or pleasing, like the boy-gets-girl ending to a romantic comedy. Cute can also refer to something that’s overly clever and a little bit fake. Don’t be too cute when you fill out a college application — the person reading it might not think it’s so funny.
WORD FAMILY
cute: cutely, cuteness, cuter, cutest+/cuteness: cutenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Real cute, but these predictions are supposed to be bold, right?
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Pop music and fashion never met cuter than in George Michael’s “Freedom! ’90” video.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“That’s a right cute little wristband,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 漂亮的; 娇小可爱的; 机灵的，精明的; 矫揉造作的
级别：cuter, cutest
分布：可爱的(88%)，漂亮的(10%)，灵巧(1%)，智取敌方的策略或手段(1%)
→缩写自acute, 尖锐的，敏锐的。词义由敏锐到聪明到可爱。
adjective
ATTRACTIVE 迷人的
■(especially of something or someone small or young) pleasant and attractive （尤指小东西或小孩）可爱的，娇小可爱的，逗人喜爱的
• He's got a really cute baby brother. 他有个逗人喜爱的小宝宝弟弟。
[kju:t] adjective
CLEVER 聪明的 US wishing to seem clever, sometimes in a rude or unpleasant way 装乖巧的；滑头的；精明的
• Don't be cute with me, Vicki. 别跟我耍滑头，维基。
adj. 可爱的；漂亮的；聪明的，伶俐的
 - lovely, pretty, intelligent, taking, wise

Word: dislocation
Front: dislocation
[ˌdɪslə'keɪʃn] (13375/14431)
Back: n. [医]脱位，脱臼; [物]位错; 混乱，紊乱; [地]断层
分布：混乱(100%)
错乱;移位(dislocate+ion)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
N-VAR
(制度、进程、生活方式等的)混乱，紊乱
Dislocation is a situation in which something such as a system, process, or way of life is greatly disturbed or prevented from continuing as normal.
例：Millions of refugees have suffered a total dislocation of their lives.无数的难民饱受生活颠沛流离之苦。
n. 转位；混乱； [医] 脱臼
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: gala
Front: gala
[ˈgɑ:lə] (9165/9169 -1)
Vocabulary: gala
(once / 2885 pages)
n
A gala is a big party. If you're going to a gala, you'll want to wear your fanciest ball gown — you'll want to look great for the best party of the year.
A gala often features entertainment and dinner, and sometimes dancing and an auction. It's like a prom — but for adults. If you want to raise money for your favorite hospital, or museum, or theater, you could throw a gala, charge people a lot to attend, and give your profits to the charity. A gala can also be just a big celebration, like a gala dinner before the Oscars ceremony. Gala is from the Old French gale, "rejoicing."
WORD FAMILY
gala: galas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here are some of the inauguration galas with the most distinct personality.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The Breakers, a few miles north of Mar-a-Lago, is the other major location for big galas in Palm Beach.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The host of that “Camouflage & Cufflinks” gala was listed as the Opening Day Foundation, a charity registered just days earlier in Texas.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 节日; 庆祝
adj. 节日的; 欢乐的
分布：节日(62%)，盛会(31%)，祝贺(7%)
→词源不详，原义为欢乐，引申义庆典。可能来自wel, 意愿，希望，词源同will, gallant. 即按照自己的意愿寻找欢乐。
US ['geɪ-] noun countable
CELEBRATION 庆典
■a special public occasion at which there is a lot of entertainment, usually in the form of different types of performances （通常指包括很多表演节目的）庆典，盛会，演出
• There will be many stars performing in the Royal Ballet's Gala Night, held in aid of children's charities. 为资助儿童慈善机构而进行的皇家芭蕾舞剧团演出之夜将有众多明星献艺。
UK ['gɑ:.lə] US ['geɪ-] noun countable
SPORTS EVENT 体育赛事 UK a sports competition, especially in swimming 运动会，体育竞赛（尤指游泳）
• a swimming gala 游泳比赛 ，水运会
n. 祝贺，庆祝；节日，特别娱乐
 - festival, holiday, celebration
adj. 节日的，欢庆的；欢乐的
 - festival, convivial

Word: envious
Front: envious
[ˈenviəs] (六 15366/14089 -1)
Vocabulary: envious
(once / 1133 pages)
adj
Envious is another way to say jealous or resentful — in other words, you want what someone else has, whether it's charming good looks or the last chocolate frosted donut.
Once upon a time, envious meant “eager to emulate.” Now a days this adjective is used to describe covetous feelings or a state of painful desire. Envious usually isn't a good thing to be; it's better to let it go and be happy with what you've got. Just remember the words of the wise Greek philosopher Antisthenes: "As iron is eaten away by rust, so the envious are consumed by their own passion."
WORD FAMILY
envious: enviously, enviousness+/ enviable: enviably, unenviable/ envy: enviable, envied, envies, envious, envying/unenviable: unenviably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glenn joked that the only astronaut he was envious of was his fellow Ohioan: Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Your smile making the moon envious because it could not compare in light.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
When his hand goes to my breasts, my feet are envious.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 嫉妒的; 羡慕的; 热
分布：羡慕的(58%)，嫉妒的(42%)
→来自envy, 羡慕。
妒忌的[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
adjective
■wishing you had what another person has 羡慕的；忌妒的
• I'm very envious of your new coat - it's lovely. 我真羡慕你有这么好的新外套——很漂亮。
Compare jealous
⇒ See also envy
envious, jealous
envious: a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。
 • He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.   他很羡慕我的新车，也想要一辆同样的。
jealous: a.妒忌的，暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。
 • He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.   当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间]，他会很嫉妒。
adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的
 - admiring, green-eyed

Word: gaga
Front: gaga
[ˈgɑ:gɑ:] (-/48812)
Back: adj. 糊涂的; 狂热的
分布：狂热的(100%)
→拟声词，模仿含糊不清的声音。引申义迷糊。
informal
adjective
MENTALLY UNCLEAR 糊涂的
■unable to think clearly and make decisions because of old age; senile 老糊涂的；老朽的；迷糊的
• My granny's 94 and she's a bit gaga. 我奶奶94岁，有点糊涂了。
• I know I'm seventy-three but I haven't gone gaga yet! 我知道我73岁了，可是我还没老糊涂！
['gɑ:.gɑ:] informal
adjective
IN LOVE 爱上
[after verb]
■having a strong but usually temporary love for someone 狂热的；着迷的
• She's totally gaga about/over him! 她完全被他给迷住了！
• Just standing near her makes him go gaga! 在她身边站一站，他就会神魂颠倒！
adj. 天真地；老朽的；狂热的；疯疯癫癫的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic
n. 疯子；老糊涂
 - nutcase, madman

Word: encase
Front: encase
[ɪnˈkeɪs] (托 13206/14443 -1)
Vocabulary: encase
(once / 3384 pages)
v
To encase something is to cover it or close it off, as if you were putting it in a shell, a coating, or a box. Some cheesemakers encase each wheel of cheese in wax.
When you're packing your lunch, you might encase a brownie in wax paper, or encase a sandwich in a plastic container. A hug can encase you in warmth and affection, and the dark can even seem to encase you on a moonless night in the country. Encase combines the prefix en-, "make" or "put in," and case, "container" or "receptacle," from the Latin root capsa, "box."
WORD FAMILY
encase: encased, encasement, encases, encasing+/ case: cased, caseful, cases, casing, encase, uncase/casing: casings/encasement: encasements/uncase: uncased, uncases, uncasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jack Russell was sedated and vets spent 45 minutes removing the "rock hard" paste encasing the dog's teeth.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
In Mather Brown’s depiction, he’s all bouffant wig and ruffles, encased, it would seem, in an elitist bubble.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A cube-shaped, see-through facade that encases the orb serves as a visual hymn to the European Union’s motto, “United in diversity,” Mr. Samyn said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 包装; 围绕; 把…装箱
时态：encased, encasing, encases
分布：包起(60%)，把...装入箱中(40%)
→en-, 进入，使。case, 箱子。
verb transitive
■to cover or surround something or someone completely 把…包住；把…围住
• The nuclear waste is encased in concrete before being sent for storage in disused mines. 核废料在送往废弃的矿井存放之前，先用混凝土密封起来。
vt. 包住；围绕；包装
 - pack, enclose

Word: heretic
Front: heretic
[ˈherətɪk] (宝 17615/21076)
Vocabulary: heretic
(once / 819 pages)
n
If your friend became interested in Hinduism, with its many gods and rituals, her Catholic mother might be worried that her daughter was a heretic, or a person whose religious beliefs are in contrast to the fundamental beliefs of her church.
The noun heretic is mostly used in a religious context to talk about someone whose actions or beliefs act against the laws, rules, or beliefs of some specific religion. However, heretic can also be used in a non-religious way to mean "someone whose ideas go against the norm." Say your regular hangout is a cowboy honky-tonk and most of your friends play in country bands; you might be considered a heretic if you announced that your favorite kind of music is actually opera.
WORD FAMILY
heretic: heretics
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Wall Street Journal, contrarian Roger Pielke Jr. published an article where he described himself as a climate heretic.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, he’s concerned that she is a “trinity denying heretic” who allegedly doesn’t share the view of the divinity of Jesus that Erickson does.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The group considers all Shi'ite Muslims to be heretics who must repent or die.
Reuters(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 异教徒; 异端分子
分布：异教徒(83%)，异端的(17%)
→来自heresy,异端邪说。比喻用法。
noun countable
■a person who is guilty of heresy 异教徒；异端分子
n. 异教徒，异端者
 - unbeliever, pagandom
adj. 异端的；异教的
 - heterodox, unorthodox

Word: grate
Front: grate
[greɪt] (雅宝 8512/10689 -2)
Vocabulary: grate
(once / 109 pages)
1vn 2nv
When you grate something you rip it to shreds, like a pound of solid cheese that you shred for a recipe.
The verb grate entered the English language in the fourteenth century by way of the French word grater, meaning “to scrape.” Using grate in this sense, you might grate your teeth or grate a carrot, meaning rub or pulverize. By the sixteenth century the word had taken on the additional meaning of “sound harshly” and “annoy.” This evolution makes sense if you think about it: If you’ve ever had anything really annoy you — "grate on your nerves" — it can almost seem as if a cheese grater has been applied to your nerves and is slowly ripping them to shreds.
WORD FAMILY
grate: grated, grateful, grater, grates, grating+/ grateful: gratefuler, gratefulest, gratefully, gratefulness, ungrateful /grater: graters/grating: gratingly, gratings/ ungrateful: ungratefulest, ungratefully, ungratefulness/ungratefulness: ungratefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Would the fast-paced writing that initially charmed me now seem grating?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Fire Chief Dan Meehan says the man was working on an old furnace underneath a grate in the floor when he fell in headfirst.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Here she uses stout, along with whole grain mustard, garlic, minced thyme, malt vinegar, grated Parmesan and soy sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 磨碎，压碎; 装格栅
vi. 发出刺耳的摩擦声; 使人烦恼难受
n. 炉格，炉箅; 刺耳的声音
时态：grated, grating, grates
分布：栅(38%)，壁炉(29%)，磨碎(19%)，装格栅于(8%)，磨擦(6%)
→1.炉条，来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, hurdle. 因如编织状经纬结构而得名。
【记】g割，rat老鼠，e：慢慢地割老鼠的脖子－发出吱吱的，刺耳的声音－令人非常气恼
【反】soothe（v 安慰；使平静）
verb
COOKING 烹饪
transitive
■to rub food against a grater (= metal device with sharp holes in it) in order to cut it into a lot of small pieces 磨碎，擦碎（食物）
• grated cheese 磨碎的起司
[greɪt] verb
RUB TOGETHER 摩擦
intransitive
■When two hard objects grate, they rub together, sometimes making a sharp unpleasant sound. 摩擦；发出刺耳的摩擦声
[greɪt] verb
ANNOY 使苦恼
intransitive
■When a noise or behaviour grates, it annoys you 使烦恼；使烦躁；使难受
• After a while her voice really started to grate on me. 过了一会儿，她的聒噪声的确开始让我心烦了。
• It's the way she's always talking about herself - it just grates on me. 她总是喋喋不休地说她自己的事情——简直烦死我了。
[greɪt] noun countable
■a metal structure which holds coal or wood in a fireplace （壁炉上的）金属炉架，炉箅
n. 壁炉；格栅
 - fire place, grizzly screen

Word: gullible
Front: gullible
[ˈgʌləbl] (宝 19817/19667 -1)
Vocabulary: gullible
(once / 10181 pages)
adj
If you are gullible, the joke is on you because you are easily fooled.
It is thought that gullible might be derived from the verb gull, meaning "to swallow." This would be a funny coincidence as gullible describes an overly trusting person who tends to swallow the stories he hears whole. The related word, gull, can be used as a noun "don't be such a gull!" or as a verb "you can't gull me into believing that!"
WORD FAMILY
gullible: gullibility, gullibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He was talking to the protester, screaming at him, really screaming at him,” Trump told his apparently insanely gullible crowd in Tampa, Florida.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The audience — overwhelmingly Jewish, passionately pro-Israel and supremely gullible — applauded wildly.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Or was he a gullible, perhaps criminal accomplice to patients who were conning him to feed an addiction or resell their prescriptions?
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 易受骗的，轻信的
分布：易受骗的(55%)，轻信的(45%)
→来自词根gull, 吞食，词源同glut, gullet. 引申义易上当的。
易受骗的(gull欺骗+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【参】gullibility（n 易受骗；轻信）
adjective
■easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other people say 容易上当的，易受欺骗的；轻信的
• There are any number of miracle cures on the market for people gullible enough to buy them. 市场上有好多种所谓的奇效药，专门诱骗那些轻信的人掏腰包。
adj. 易受骗的；轻信的
 - naive, credulous

Word: heretical
Front: heretical
[hə'retɪkl] (宝 20651/20815)
Vocabulary: heretical
(once / 3343 pages)
adj
Something that departs from normally held beliefs (especially religious, political, or social norms) is heretical. If your family is resistant to change, they may consider your idea of making pancakes for dinner to be completely heretical.
Heretical is the adjective form of the noun heretic, which comes from the Greek word hairetikos, meaning able to choose. What is considered a heretical point of view can change over time. Examples of positions that were once considered heretical but are now accepted as facts include: the Earth is round, the Earth circles the Sun, and a little bit of chocolate is actually good for you.
WORD FAMILY
heretical: antiheretical, heretically+/ heresy: heresies, heretical
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the faith movement is widely popular, many Christians consider it heretical.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He was rejecting “Faith,” and it was heretical.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
On the surface, so below: Many of Guardiola’s principles border on heretical in England.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 异教的，异端的; 邪
分布：异端的(64%)，异教的(36%)
adj. 异端的；异教的
 - heterodox, unorthodox

Word: malleable
Front: malleable
[ˈmæliəbl] (托雅宝 18412/19483)
Vocabulary: malleable
(once / 9078 pages)
adj
A malleable personality is capable of being changed or trained, and a malleable metal is able to be pounded or pressed into various shapes. It's easier to learn when you're young and malleable.
Similarly, there are ductile metals that can be hammered out into wire or thread; gold, silver, and platinum are examples. The adjective malleable dates back to Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin malleābilis, from malleāre "to hammer," from Latin malleus "a hammer."
WORD FAMILY
malleable: malleability, malleably, unmalleable+/mallee: malleable, mallees/unmalleable: unmalleability
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some Federalists thought the non-ideological Burr would be more malleable.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Either you are living or you are not. Everything else is molten, malleable.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It becomes a kind of malleable substance instead of being metal.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 可锻造的，有延展性的; 韧性的
分布：可塑的(54%)，有延展性(36%)，易改变的(10%)
→来自拉丁语malleus,铁锤，来自锤打，使软化，软的，词源同mill,melt.即可锤炼的，引申词义可塑的。
可锻造的,可塑的[mall=hammer(锤子)]
【记】源于：mallet（n 槌棒），able－可锤打的－有延展性的
【反】hard to shape（难以成型）；calcify（v 钙化）
adjective
■describes a substance that is easily changed into a new shape 具延展性的；易变形的
• Lead and tin are malleable metals. 铅和锡都是具延展性的金属。
■easily influenced, trained or controlled 易受外界影响的；可塑的；易被控制的
• He had an actor's typically malleable features. 他具有演员典型的多变性格特征。
• Europe saw its colonies as a source of raw material and a malleable workforce. 欧洲曾把其殖民地看作是原料和驯服劳动力的来源地。
adj. [材] 可锻的；可塑的；有延展性的；易适应的
 - plastic, mouldable

Word: litigious
Front: litigious
[lɪˈtɪdʒəs] (25290/35435)
Vocabulary: litigious
(once / 1859 pages)
adj
If the haunted house staff treats you with extra care and don't subject you to the worst frights, it might not be because they like you, but because they know you're litigious: you tend to sue people.
Litigious is the adjective form of litigation, the act of suing someone in court. If a person is called litigious that means they tend to sue people, maybe excessively. If you think that there are too many lawsuits, you think that a litigious culture is not good, but if you think it's important for people to demand compensation for other's people's negligence, then maybe you appreciate litigious behavior.
WORD FAMILY
litigious: litigation, litigiously, litigiousness+/ litigation: litigations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Middle kid Chip is a litigious middle-schooler who believes “the scales of justice tip in favor of the wealthy.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But in the litigious world we live in, with HR and social media, you’re not allowed to let chaos and craziness into the workplace anymore.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
“The marches and rallies will intensify. It will become more litigious, it will become more political and the battle will continue.”
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 好打官司的; 好争论的
分布：好诉讼的(61%)，好争论的(39%)
→来自litigate,诉讼。
[lɪ'tɪdʒ.əs] formal disapproving
adjective
■too often taking arguments to a law court for a decision 爱打官司的，好诉讼的
• The United States is the most litigious society in the world. 美国是世界上最爱打官司的社会。
adj. 好诉讼的；好争论的
 - disputative, quarrelsome

Word: hiss
Front: hiss
[hɪs] (六宝 7778/6753 -1)
Vocabulary: hiss
(once / 483 pages)
vn
To hiss is to make a long s sound. Snakes are known to hiss, and sometimes unhappy audience members will hiss instead of booing.
The sound you make when you hiss — also called a hiss — sounds just like the word itself. In fact, you can't say the word without hissing. This type of sound is also known as sibilance, a consonant that's pronounced when a stream of air passes through teeth that are touching or close together. A barista's steaming wand hisses as she foams milk, and some types of snakes hiss in warning.
WORD FAMILY
hiss: hissed, hisser, hisses, hissing+/hisser: hissers/hissing: hissings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Exiting the earth at 2,100-degrees Fahrenheit, the fiery river pours into the Pacific in a display of oozes and hisses before becoming new land.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
As is, “Alligator” is all hiss and no snap.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Spencer was hissed and heckled throughout, evidently relishing the dissent as an opportunity to mock and taunt his critics.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: v. 发嘶嘶声; 发出嘘声
n. 嘘声; 嘶嘶声
时态：hissed, hissing, hisses
分布：嘶嘶声(52%)，嘘声(41%)，发嘶嘶声(7%)
→拟声词。
【记】比较：piss（撒尿）
verb
intransitive
■to make a noise which is like the first sound in the word 'sing' but which lasts a lot longer 发嘶嘶声；发嘘声
• Why do snakes hiss? 蛇为甚么发出嘶嘶声？
• The iron was hissing and spluttering. 铁块发出嘶嘶声并且火花四射。
• People in the audience were hissing their disapproval. 观众们发出嘘声表示不满。
transitive
■to say something in a quiet angry way 小声且生气地说
• "Shut up, Tom!" she hissed. ｢闭嘴，汤姆！｣她生气地小声说道。
[hɪs] noun countable or uncountable
■a sound like the letter 's' 嘶嘶声；嘘声
• I heard a hiss and a pop as the cork came out of the bottle. 我先听到嘶嘶声，然后是砰的一声，瓶塞就弹出了瓶子。
vi. 发出嘘声；发嘘声
 - boo
n. 嘘声； [地物] 嘶嘶声
 - fizzer, shush

Word: lifer
Front: lifer
[ˈlaɪfə(r)] (24778/41242)
Back: n. <俚>无期徒刑犯，职业军人
分布：职业军人(72%)，无期徒刑者(14%)，终身从事一种工作者(14%)
→幽默用法。
US [-fɚ] informal
noun countable
■someone who has been punished by being put in prison for a very long time or, in the US, until they die 遭长期监禁的罪犯；（美国的）终身囚犯，无期徒刑犯

Word: ostensible
Front: ostensible
[ɒˈstensəbl] (雅宝 21306/22270 -1)
Vocabulary: ostensible
(once / 1349 pages)
adj
When something is ostensible it appears to be the case but might not be. Research for a role is the ostensible reason for Nat's drinking. But I think it's because he just likes to drink.
Just because something is ostensible doesn't necessarily mean that it's not as it appears to be, only that there's a possibility of another reason. My ostensible reason for calling Brent was to ask about work. The real reason was that I was hoping he might ask me out. Turns out both the ostensible reason and the real reason were true!
WORD FAMILY
ostensible: ostensibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey turns 30 years old in February, with several years of her ostensible athletic prime before her.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
So what is it that Moore said that these ostensible moral leaders don’t agree with?
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Trump’s ostensible reason for the hard line against China is that he wants to negotiate a better deal for U.S. manufacturing, including for workers stateside.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 表面上的; 假装的; 貌似真实的
分布：表面的(58%)，假装的(42%)
→os-,向前，朝向，-tens,伸出，延展，词源同extend,tense,content.引申词义宣称的，浮夸的，表面的。
表面的,明显的[ostens=appear(出现)]
US [ɑ:'stent-] formal
adjective [before noun]
■appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really something else 表面上的；假称的；假托的
• Their ostensible goal was to clean up government corruption, but their real aim was to unseat the government. 他们假称要清除政府腐败，可真正目的却是要颠覆政府。
adj. 表面的；假装的
 - external, surface, affected, assumed, facial

Word: mystify
Front: mystify
[ˈmɪstɪfaɪ] (17781/18850 -1)
Vocabulary: mystify
(once / 1556 pages)
v
If something totally stumps you, doesn't make one lick of sense and has no logical explanation, then it's safe to say it mystifies you.
To mystify is a verb that sounds not so mysteriously like mystery. That's because something that mystifies is just that. There's no answer or explanation to be found for it. If you're mystified, you're in awe and bewilderment. The infinite nature of the universe mystifies some people. Others are mystified by the appeal of teen sensations from Ricky Nelson to Justin Bieber.
WORD FAMILY
mystify: demystify, mystification, mystified, mystifier, mystifies, mystifying+/ demystify: demystified, demystifies, demystifying/mystification: mystifications/mystifier: mystifiers/mystifying: mystifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctson, meanwhile, developed a medically mystifying Achilles’ tendon ailment that migrated from one ankle to the next.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A showdown that hardly appeared imminent in mid-November following a mystifying four-game collapse that saw the Steelers cede control of the division to the Ravens.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Even some Russians are mystified by the story’s low-key reception.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使神秘化; 使迷惑; 使困惑
时态：mystified, mystifying, mystifies
分布：使神秘化(58%)，迷惑(42%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-fy,使。即神秘，引申词义使迷惑，使糊涂。
verb transitive often passive
■to confuse someone by being or doing something very strange or impossible to explain 使迷惑不解；使困惑
• I was mystified by her decision. 她的决定使我迷惑不解。
• Most Americans seem totally mystified by cricket. 大多数美国人似乎完全搞不懂板球是甚么一回事。
vt. 使神秘化；使迷惑，使困惑
 - confuse, enchant

Word: merton

Word: originality
Front: originality
[əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti] (托宝 12313/11620)
Vocabulary: originality
(once / 1112 pages)
n
Originality is the quality of being new and inventive. A composer who writes a symphony to be played by car horns and cell phones shows great originality.
When something is original, it is creative and not derived from something else. It's fresh. Originality refers to the quality of being original and new. Inventors are full of originality: they need to think of brand new ideas and products. A great artist is full of originality, especially when coming up with new and surprising types of art. If something is just like other things, it shows no originality. True originality is a rare thing.
WORD FAMILY
originality: originalities+/ original: originalism, originality, originally, originals, unoriginal/unoriginal: unoriginality, unoriginally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recipes were judged on flavor, creativity and originality, accuracy and methodology.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Beautiful actress and brought sass and originality to her Star Wars role.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Gordon’s session was thoroughly imbued with Parker’s musical spirit, even while highlighting his own originality and personality.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 独创性，创造性; 匠心; 独到之处; 新颖
分布：独创性(64%)，创造力(21%)，新颖(15%)
→来自original,原创的，-ity,名词后缀。
【反】banality（n 平凡；陈腐）；
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable mainly approving
■the quality of being special and interesting and not the same as anything or anyone else 独创性；创造性
• We were impressed by the originality of the children's work. 孩子们作品的独创性给我们留下了深刻的印象。
n. 创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇
 - creativity, novelty

Word: pervert
Front: pervert
[pəˈvɜ:t] (托雅宝 19510/21266 -1)
Vocabulary: pervert
(once / 888 pages)
1vn 2v
To pervert something is to corrupt it. For example, you could "pervert the course of justice" by lying on the witness stand.
Another common use of pervert is as a word for a person who is sexually deviant; however, people also use this word more loosely to describe anyone who seems creepy. Perverting also means changing or subverting something. A cop who breaks the law is perverting the law. A criminal who convinces other people to become criminals is perverting them. So when you think of pervert, think change — change for the worse.
WORD FAMILY
pervert: perversion, perversive, perverted, perverting, perverts+/ perversion: perversions/perverted: pervertedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two former investigators for Northern Ireland's policing watchdog have been arrested on suspicion of conspiring to pervert the course of justice.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Chait said that leftists were “perverting liberalism” and appointed himself the defender of a liberal centre; Trump said that liberal media had the system “rigged”.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
“With that kind of dynamic, it’s easy to see how bureaucrats have perverted the original intent of the Right-to-Know Law,” he said.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使堕落; 误用，滥用; 使反常
n. 堕落者; 背教者，反常者; 性反常者
时态：perverted, perverting, perverts
分布：变态(36%)，曲解(18%)，歪曲(16%)，误用(12%)，败坏(9%)，色狼(9%)
→per-,完全的，-vert,转，词源同divert,convert.即转过去，颠倒，引申词义误导，堕落，性变态等。
堕落,滥用(per+vert转→转向坏→堕落)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
颠倒;曲解(per全部+vert→全部转→颠倒)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [pə˞ˈvɜ˞ːt/
■to change something so that it is not what it was or should be, or to influence someone in a harmful way 侵害；歪曲；使走上邪路，使变坏
• Her ideas have been shamelessly perverted to serve the president's propaganda campaign. 为了配合总统的宣传活动，她的想法被无耻地曲解了。
• The history teacher tried to pervert (= persuade into unacceptable sexual activity) the boys by showing them pornographic magazines. 这名历史教师给男学生看色情杂志，想引他们走上歧途。
pervert the course of justice legal
■to act illegally to avoid punishment or to get the wrong person punished 妨碍司法公正，枉法
• The two police officers were charged with perverting the course of justice by fabricating evidence in the trial. 两名警官因在审判中伪造证据，被控妨碍司法公正。
disapproving
noun countable UK [ˈpɜː.vɜːt] US [ˈpɜ˞ː.vɜːrt] (UK informal perv)
■a person whose sexual behaviour is considered strange and unpleasant by most people 性行为反常者，性变态者
vt. 使堕落；滥用；使反常
 - abuse, strain
n. 堕落者；行为反常者；性欲反常者
 - deteriorator

Word: ostentatious
Front: ostentatious
[ˌɒstenˈteɪʃəs] (20615/20304 -1)
Vocabulary: ostentatious
(once / 1511 pages)
adj
Reach for the adjective ostentatious when you want a flashy way to say — well, "flashy" or "showy."
No one wants to be described as ostentatious, a word whose cousins include pretentious, flamboyant, and gaudy. It originates from the Latin word ostentare, "to display," but in English it's often used for displays of the crass or vulgar sort. A rapper's diamond-encrusted teeth might be an ostentatious display of "bling," and someone wailing especially loudly at a funeral of a distant acquaintance might be making an ostentatious show of sorrow.
WORD FAMILY
ostentatious: ostentatiously, ostentatiousness, unostentatious+/ostentate: ostentation / ostentation: ostentations, ostentatious /unostentatious: unostentatiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
One argued his firm's party was more austere than in prior years, and that festive Instagram photos with ostentatious hashtags misrepresented it.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Our ostentatious passivity is a primary cause of that darkening.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
And Boeing was an ostentatious declaration that he would be the zealous guardian of government spending that you would expect from a crusading outsider.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 好夸耀的，炫耀的; （态度）自负的; 讲排场的，铺张的; 外观美丽的，浮华的
分布：炫耀的(47%)，豪华的(29%)，浮华的(12%)，浮夸的(12%)
→来自ostentation,炫耀，卖弄。
【记】os我死，ten10，tatious：我死了10次－吹牛的
【参】ostensible（adj 理由等表面的）
【反】ostentation（n 卖弄）－artlessness（n 天真烂漫）/ modesty（n 谦逊）
US [ˌɑ:.stən-] disapproving
adjective
■too obviously showing your money, possessions or power, in an attempt to make other people notice and admire you 铺张的，摆阔的；炫耀的，卖弄的；招摇的
• They criticized the ostentatious lifestyle of their leaders. 他们批评领导们铺张的生活方式。
• an ostentatious gesture/manner 夸张的手势／举止
adj. 招摇的；卖弄的；夸耀的；铺张的；惹人注目的
 - epideictic

Word: peat
Front: peat
[pi:t] (14312/5650 -1)
Vocabulary: peat
(once / 1880 pages)
n
Peat is a rich, dark, dirt-like material that's made from decomposed organic matter. You can use peat in gardens and potted plants, to help the soil stay moist.
Peat is like a naturally occurring compost — it forms in bogs from plants that have broken down. In many parts of the world, peat is burned as a fuel, and in others it's a popular mulch in gardens and on farms. If it's left to continue decomposing for many years, peat eventually turns into lignite, a low-grade coal that can also be burned for heat or as an energy source.
WORD FAMILY
peat: peats, peaty
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Our investigation says the dead man is the shooter,” Peat Jost, a spokesman for the Zurich cantonal police, said by telephone.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Peat soils contain huge quantities of carbon in the form of organic matter, which accumulates over hundreds of years and provides nutrients for plant growth.
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
Draining of peat swamps by plantation, pulp wood and mining companies is a major contributor to destruction of tropical forests in Indonesia.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 泥煤，泥炭
分布：泥煤(88%)，泥煤块(12%)
→词源不详。可能来自凯尔特语*pett,小块，小量，词源同piece,patch.后引申词义小块泥土，泥煤，泥炭等。
noun uncountable
■a dark brown substance like soil which was formed by plants dying and becoming buried. It is sometimes added to ordinary garden earth to improve it and is sometimes used as fuel. 泥炭，泥煤

Word: presently
Front: presently
[ˈprezntli] (研四六 7442/5610 -1)
Vocabulary: presently
(once / 83 pages)
adv
The adverb presently means "very soon." If you tell your sister that you'll be at her house presently, you mean that you're on your way.
You might say that the cookies you just put in the oven will be done presently, or describe how you were so sleepy last night that you opened a book and presently fell asleep, before you could read a single page. Presently also means "right now," as when you say that the temperature outside is presently thirty degrees. This is the older of the two meanings — a fourteenth-century sense of "at present" gradually changed to include "sooner or later."
WORD FAMILY
present: presence, presentable, presentation, presented, presenter, presenting, presently, presentment, presentness, presents+/ presence: presences/ presentable: presentably, unpresentable/ presentation: presentational, presentations/presenter: presenters/presentment: presentments/unpresentable: unpresentably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project is ongoing with more than 300 courts and hoops presently documented, together with subsets of the series including a focus on backboards.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
He is presently serving six years and four months in the federal prison in Lompoc, California.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Presently there are four European countries that allow physicians to assist people who are not terminally ill in ending their lives.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adv. 目前; 不久; 马上
分布：不久(31%)，目前(29%)，现在(20%)，一会儿(20%)
ad.一会儿,不久;现在,目前The doctor will be here presently.医生马上就来.
adverb
NOW 现在 mainly UK formal
■now; at the present time 现在，目前
• Of 200 boats, only 20 are presently operational. 200艘船中，目前只有20艘可用。
• Three sites are presently under consideration for the new hotel. 目前这家新饭店的选址有三个地点在考虑中。
['prez.ənt.li] adverb
SOON 很快 old-fashioned
■soon; not at the present time but in the future, after a short time 不久；一会儿
• The room was hot and presently her eyes grew heavy and she began to feel sleepy. 屋子里很热，一会儿她就觉得眼皮沉重，昏昏欲睡。
initially, afterward, subsequently, ultimately, lately, previously, eventually, shortly, presently
initially: 最初，开头
afterward: 以后，后来
subsequently: 随后，后来
ultimately: 最后，终于
lately: 最近，不久前
previously: 以前，先前
eventually: 终于，后来
shortly: 立刻，马上
presently: 马上，一会儿，很快
instantly, right away, directly, soon, at once, shortly, presently, immediately
这组词都有“立刻，马上”的意思，其区别是：
instantly: 指恰恰就在此刻，一秒钟也没耽误。
right away: 主要用于美国英语，语气稍弱于at once，强调动作迅速。
directly: 和immediately同义，指毫无迟疑。
soon: 常用词，指行动快，完成速度快。
at once: 口语中常用，语气强烈，指时间紧迫，一刻也不能耽误。
shortly: 和soon同义，指动作发生或完成的速度之快。
presently: 指不久、即将。
immediately: 指做完一件事后，立即就做另一件事，中间一般没有明显的时间间隔。
adv. （美）目前；不久
 - soon, erelong

Word: pithy
Front: pithy
[ˈpɪθi] (宝 21638/21858)
Vocabulary: pithy
(once / 5634 pages)
adj
A pithy phrase or statement is brief but full of substance and meaning. Proverbs and sayings are pithy; newspaper columnists give pithy advice.
The root of this word is pith, which refers to the spongy tissue in plant stems, or the white part under the skin of citrus fruits. Pith is also used figuratively to refer to the essential part of something: They finally got to the pith of the discussion. Pith descends from Middle English, from Old English pitha "the pith of plants." In the adjective pithy, the suffix –y means "characterized by."
WORD FAMILY
pithy: pithier, pithiest, pithily, pithiness+/ pith: pithed, pithing, piths, pithy
USAGE EXAMPLES
I only learned this on Dec. 17, when Mr. Heimlich died, after I was asked a pithy question married to a seemingly random emoji.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
This year’s batch is deep brown with a fluffy tan cap of foam and a distinctive hop presence that recalls pine trees and pithy citrus.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But the Nobel committee's pithy 12-word description of their findings misstates what one of the experiments did.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 简练的，精辟的，简洁扼要的
级别：pithier, pithiest
分布：有髓的(60%)，简练的(40%)
→来自pith,核心，精髓。引申词义简练的，精辟的。
【记】源于pith劈死（n 木髓，精华）
【反】prolix（adj 冗长的）；verbose（adj 详细的；冗长的）；diffuse（adj 罗嗦的）；insubstantial（adj 不坚固的；脆弱的）wordy（adj 多言的；冗长的）circumlocution（n 累赘的话）－pithy utters（简练的话）
adjective
SHORT 简短的
■(of speech or writing) short and clever; expressing an idea cleverly in a few words （讲话或写作）言简意赅的，简洁有力的
• a pithy remark 言简意赅的评论
['pɪθ.i] adjective
FRUIT 水果
■with a lot of pith 言简意赅的
• a pithy orange 衬皮厚的柳橙
adj. 有髓的，多髓的；精练的；简洁有力的
 - medullated, marrowy

Word: polytechnic
Front: polytechnic
[ˌpɒliˈteknɪk] (39431/3762 -2)
Back: n. 工艺学校; 综合性工艺学校，理工专科学校
adj. 综合技术的; 各种工艺的
分布：综合技术的(34%)，各种工艺的(33%)，理工专科学校(20%)，工艺专科学校(13%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-techn,技术，词源同technology.用于指技术学院或理工学院。
多种工艺的(poly多technic技术的)[techn=skill,ability,表示"技术,能力"]
US [ˌpɑ:.lɪ-] (informal poly)
noun countable
■(especially in Britain before 1992) a college where students study for degrees, especially in technical subjects, or train for particular types of work （尤指1992年前英国的）工艺专科学院
• a polytechnic student/course 工艺专科学生／课程
• I considered applying to university, but I eventually decided to go to the local poly. 我考虑过申请大学，但最终决定念本地的工艺专科学院。
Compare university

Word: rama

Word: rapport
Front: rapport
[ræˈpɔ:(r)] (宝 12070/11444 -1)
Vocabulary: rapport
(once / 5618 pages)
n
Rapport is a good sense of understanding and trust. If you have good rapport with your neighbors, they won't mind if you kick your ball onto their property every now and then.
If you have rapport with someone, you two communicate with trust and sympathy. The word is often used to mean good interaction between people in different positions or roles such as parent and teacher, teacher and student, doctor and patient, supervisor and worker, or speaker and audience. It is always important to establish rapport with people you come into contact with regularly. Pronounce this borrowed word from the French ra-POOR.
WORD FAMILY
rapport: rapports
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mothers and daughters who watched them on Oprah saw a mutuality in their regard for one another, and reconciliation in their rapport.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
When you’re working with kids, you usually spend time with them beforehand building up rapport.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“A Whole Foods shopper will not shop anywhere else, because they’ve established a rapport with the guy who cuts their meat.”
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 友好关系; 融洽，和谐
分布：关系(87%)，一致(7%)，亲善(6%)
→来自法语 rapporter,带回，来自 re-,往回，ap-,向，-port,带，承载，词源同 comport,portable. 引申词义恢复，融洽，和谐。
【记】读音酷似report，说明report和rapport之间有友好关系。
【反】discord（n 不一致；意见不合）
US [-'pɔ:r] noun [S or U]
■a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them 融洽；和谐；和睦的关系
• We'd worked together for years and developed a close/good rapport. 我们在一起工作多年，关系非常亲密／友好。
• She has an excellent rapport with her staff. 她和手下员工关系十分融洽。
n. 密切关系，交往；和谐一致
 - relations, society, affinity

Word: quintessential
Front: quintessential
[ˌkwɪntɪ'senʃl] (12212/21356)
Vocabulary: quintessential
(once / 10765 pages)
adj
If someone tells you you’re the quintessential rock musician, that means they think that everything about you screams “rock and roll.” Quintessential means embodying or possessing the essence of something.
Some people think that baseball is the quintessential American sport. (Others might think it's stock car racing.) We also call something quintessential if it’s absolutely necessary. A quintessential part of a lasting friendship is mutual respect. Good computer skills are quintessential if you want to become the world’s greatest hacker.
WORD FAMILY
quintessential: quintessentially+/ quintessence: quintessences, quintessential
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Announcer Keith Jackson, whose voice was the quintessential Saturday soundtrack for generations, will be at the game as a spectator.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
How did this quintessential American story of working people in Maine emerge?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 精髓的; 典型的
分布：典型的(76%)，精髓的(20%)，精粹的(4%)
[ˌkwɪn.tɪ'sent.ʃəl] formal
adjective
■being the most typical example or most important part of something 最典型的；最本质的
• Roasted garlic with sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican meal. 烤大蒜加羊乳酪是最典型的科西嘉菜。
adj. 精髓的，精萃的
 - extractive

Word: saturation
Front: saturation
[ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃn] (六 13581/12483 -1)
Vocabulary: saturation
(once / 9681 pages)
n
Saturation means holding as much moisture as possible. When you water your houseplants, you may soak them until the soil around each plant reaches saturation.
The noun saturation means the act of completely soaking something until it's absorbed as much water as it can. Imagine a sponge that can't get any more wet, and you'll have an idea of what saturation means. When you're talking about art, saturation means the amount of bright, undiluted color in a painting or photograph, usually colors that are quite intense and unshaded. The Latin root saturatus means "to fill, sate, or drench."
WORD FAMILY
saturation: saturations+/ saturate: saturated, saturates, saturating, saturation / saturated: saturatedly, supersaturated, unsaturated
USAGE EXAMPLES
For sheer saturation, there is no greater laboratory for the concept than San Diego.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
State police will be conducting sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols in all of the state’s 33 counties next month.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But many consumers reach pumpkin saturation by Thanksgiving.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （达到）饱和状态; 饱和度; 浸透，浸润; 饱和剂
分布：饱和(70%)，饱和度(29%)，浸透(1%)
→saturate,使饱和，-ion,名词后缀。
饱和(satur+ation)[sati,satis,satur=enough,fulloffood,表示"足够,饱足"]
N-UNCOUNT
饱和过程(或状态);饱和
Saturation is the process or state that occurs when a place or thing is filled completely with people or things, so that no more can be added.
例：Reforms have led to the saturation of the market with goods...改革已经使得市场上商品饱和。
例：Road traffic has reached saturation point.公路交通已达到饱和点。
ADJ
(运动、活动)饱和的，全面的
Saturation is used to describe a campaign or other activity that is carried out very thoroughly, so that nothing is missed.
例：The concept of saturation marketing makes perfect sense...饱和营销的概念是完全有道理的。
例：Newspapers, television and radio are all providing saturation coverage.报纸、电视和电台全都在铺天盖地地报道。
n. [经] [物] [化学] 饱和； [光] 色饱和度；浸透；磁化饱和
 - percolation, soakage

Word: savour
Front: savour
[ˈseɪvə(r)] (40287/9959 -1)
Back: n. （美）味; 味道; 滋味; 兴趣
vt. 欣赏（某物）的味道或风味; 有…的气味
时态：savoured, savouring, savours
分布：品尝(45%)，滋味(23%)，味道(8%)，欣赏(8%)，具有 ... 性质(8%)，调味(4%)，具有 ... 味道(4%)
US [-vɚ] verb transitive
■to enjoy food or an experience slowly, in order to enjoy it as much as possible 细品，享用（食物）
• It was the first chocolate he'd tasted for over a year, so he savoured every mouthful. 这是他一年多来吃到的第一块巧克力，因此他每一口都细细品尝。
UK (ALSO US savor) UK ['seɪ.vər] US [-vɚ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [never passive] savour of sth formal
■to have particular characteristics or qualities that make people think of something, especially something unpleasant 有（尤指不好的）特点；带有…意味
• His behaviour does rather savour of hypocrisy. 他的行为相当虚伪。
UK (ALSO US savor) UK ['seɪ.vər] US [-vɚ] noun [S or U] literary
■pleasure and interest 乐趣；趣味；情趣
• She felt that life had lost most of its savour. 她觉得生活失去了大部分乐趣。
■a smell or taste, especially a pleasant one （尤指美好的）气味；味道，滋味
vt. 具有…的特点；加调味品于；使有风味
 - typify
n. 滋味；风味
 - flavor, tastiness

Word: restaurateur
Front: restaurateur
[ˌrestərəˈtɜ:(r)] (15835/23714 -1)
Back: n. 餐馆老板
分布：餐馆老板(69%)，饭店主人(25%)，=restauranteur.(6%)
→来自 restaurant,餐馆，-eur,人。
US [-tɚ.ə'tɝ:] formal
noun countable
■a person who owns and manages a restaurant 饭店经理；餐馆老板；餐厅经理

Word: resourceful
Front: resourceful
[rɪˈsɔ:sfl] (宝 14594/18468 -1)
Vocabulary: resourceful
(once / 2917 pages)
adj
If you are interviewing employees for your new pet store, you may want to ask if they are resourceful. If they are, it means they are good at problem solving, and this could come in very handy.
Think of resourceful people as “full of resources,” or tools for coming up with solutions. They adapt well to new or difficult situations and they are able to think creatively. For example, if a snake gets loose in the pet store, a resourceful person will be able to figure out how to lure it back into its cage again.
WORD FAMILY
resourceful: resourcefully, resourcefulness+/ resource: resourceful, resourceless, resources/resourceless: resourcelessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Garbrandt lived up to his boundless promise with a resourceful effort against Cruz, who was favored to defend his belt.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Resourceful enough to get here, most immigrants did all right, if only in menial jobs.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Are you a curious, problem-solver, who is also proactive, efficient, creative, personable, and resourceful?
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 资源丰富的，富于机智的，有策略的; 灵活多样，善于随机应变; 诡计多端的，鬼点子很多的; 有本领
分布：足智多谋的(76%)，资源丰富的(24%)
→来自 resource,才智，谋略。
【记】源于：resource（n 资源；智谋）
US [-'sɔ:r-] approving
adjective
■skilled at solving problems and making decisions on your own 机敏的；足智多谋的
• She's a very resourceful manager. 她是一位非常有智谋的经理。
adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的
 - heads-up, tactful

Word: sectarianism
Front: sectarianism
[sekˈteəriənɪzəm] (31281/25065)
Back: n. 宗派主义，教派意识; 门户之见
分布：宗派主义(100%)
→sectarian,教派的，-ism,主义，思想。
n. 宗派主义；教派意识
 - denominationalism

Word: specter
Front: specter
['spektə] (宝 28314/-)
Vocabulary: specter
(once / 2928 pages)
n
A specter means a ghostly apparition, a ghost itself, or simply an idea that people find frightening. You can give yourself nightmares if you listen to too many stories about ghostly specters appearing in dark windows.
Specters as fears are the kind that tend to loom on the edge of our minds, lying dormant for awhile, then raising their ugly heads. It can be hard to sleep if you think too much about the specter of a terrorist attack, or the specter that your blabbermouth cousin might spill the beans to your parents about the night you two took your dad's car without asking. The word can also be spelled spectre.
WORD FAMILY
specter: specters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lingering in the background is the specter of Russia.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“While their lives will never be the same, the specter of a criminal case is no longer looming against Michael.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He talked tough, invoking the specter of violence, repeatedly and on a range of issues.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 鬼怪; 幽灵; 缠绕心头的恐惧; 凶兆
分布：幽灵(83%)，妖怪(11%)，恐怖的根源(6%)
n. 幽灵；妖怪；恐怖之物
 - shadow, ghost

Word: sortie
Front: sortie
[ˈsɔ:ti] (18776/15804 -1)
Vocabulary: sortie
(once / 4000 pages)
n
When a group of soldiers is sent on a specific mission, it's called a sortie. A fighter pilot's sortie might involve a mission to drop a bomb on a target and return to base.
When a fighting unit is deployed, heading out on a military mission, you can describe it as a sortie. A sortie might involve troops moving across a field toward their enemy, or a tank advancing on a city held by rebels. Sometimes a sortie involves a sudden surge or attack. In French, the word sortie literally means "a going out," from a Latin root, surgere, or "rise up."
WORD FAMILY
sortie: sorties
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the 1999 Kosovo air operation, almost 300 strike sorties were flown a day; in the 1991 Desert Storm operation, more than 1,200.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The changes brought some early improvement, an Albrighton sortie resulting in Demarai Gray’s half‑volley over the crossbar, but it quickly proved illusory.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
He allowed a U.S.-led coalition to use an air base on Uzbek territory for bombing sorties on Taliban targets in neighboring Afghanistan.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 突围，突击; 出击部队; （飞机出动的）架次
vt. 突围，突袭
分布：出击(47%)，突围(40%)，出动架次(9%)，短暂的外出(4%)
→来自法语 sortie,突围，突击，来自 sortir,外出，出去，来自通俗拉丁语*surctire,来自拉丁语 surrectus,外出的，出去的，来自 sur-,向上，向外，-rect,升直，拉直，词源同 erect,surge,source. 引申比喻义尝试，外出等。
US ['sɔ:r.i] noun countable
■a short quick attack by a military force, such as a small group of soldiers or an aircraft, made against an enemy position 军事突袭，出击
• A series of sorties was carried out at night by specially equipped aircraft. 特殊装备的战斗机夜晚进行了好几次突袭。
■a short journey to somewhere you have not been before, often with a particular purpose （到陌生地方的）短暂外出，出门
• It was our first sortie into the town centre. 这是我们第一次去市中心。
■an attempt to do something 尝试
• This is the acclaimed historian John Taylor's first sortie into fiction. 这是著名的历史学家约翰‧泰勒第一次尝试写小说。
n. [军] 出击；突围
 - sally, breakout

Word: serge
Front: serge
[sɜ:dʒ] (30485/24905)
Back: n. 毛哔叽
vt. 粗缝的毛边，锁（毛边）
分布：名词(100%)
→一种精梳毛纱织制的斜纹毛织物，来自古法语 serge,哗叽布，来自拉丁语 serica vestis,丝织衣 物，来自 serica,丝的，词源同 silk,vestis,衣服，词源同 vest.
US [sɝ:dʒ] noun uncountable
■a strong cloth made from wool which is used especially to make jackets and coats （尤用于做夹克和外套的）哔叽
vt. 粗缝...的毛边；锁（毛边）
 - lock

Word: shipowner
Front: shipowner
[ˈʃɪpəʊnə(r)] (38400/17604)
Back: n. 船主
分布：船主(100%)
n. 船主
 - exercitor

Word: stupidity
Front: stupidity
[stju:ˈpɪdəti] (12078/11793)
Vocabulary: stupidity
(once / 1089 pages)
n
Stupidity is the quality of being stupid. It’s the opposite of intelligence. Stupidity is responsible for many acts that follow the words, “Hey, watch this!”
Being stupid has to do with not understanding things, not learning from past experiences, and generally not using your brain, so stupidity refers to this quality. Saying that someone did something because of stupidity is an insult because it means the person really should’ve known better. Riding in a shopping cart tied to the back of a car and zinging around a parking lot would be the result of some serious stupidity.
WORD FAMILY
stupidity: stupidities+/ stupid: stupider, stupidest, stupidity, stupidly, stupids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Relieved at my innocence, but amused by my stupidity, they laughed for roughly 17 years.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Meanwhile, fake news stories, like those found on Infowars or The National Enquirer, appeal to emotion and encourage stupidity.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
When asked about artificial intelligence, Tversky replied, “We study natural stupidity.”
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 愚蠢; 愚行; 蠢事; 蠢话
分布：愚笨(70%)，愚蠢的行为(30%)
→stupid,愚蠢的，糊涂的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [stu:'pɪd.ə.i] noun uncountable
■the state of being silly or unwise 愚蠢
• a moment/act of stupidity 一时的愚蠢／愚蠢的举动
• Her stupidity is beyond belief sometimes. 有时候她蠢得令人难以置信。
• It was sheer stupidity to refuse at the price they were offering. 他们出那样的价钱还不卖，真是愚蠢透顶。
n. 愚蠢；糊涂事
 - simplicity, folly

Word: stratospheric
Front: stratospheric
[ˌstrætə'sferɪk] (19914/28202)
Back: adj. 平流层的，同温层的
分布：平流层的(55%)，同温层的(30%)，极高的(15%)

Word: splendour
Front: splendour
[ˈsplendə(r)] (-/9772 -1)
Back: n. 华丽，壮观; 辉煌，光辉; 显赫
分布：壮丽(26%)，辉煌(25%)，华丽(23%)，显赫(15%)，光彩(11%)
US [-dɚ] noun
uncountable
■great beauty which attracts admiration and attention 壮丽；雄伟；辉煌
• They bought a decaying 16th-century manor house and restored it to its original splendour. 他们买了一幢破败的16世纪庄园宅邸，经过整修使它恢复了先前的富丽堂皇。
splendours (ALSO mainly US splendors) [plural]
■the beautiful features or qualities of a place, etc. （某地的）壮丽景色，美景
• the splendours of Venice 威尼斯的瑰丽景色
n. 显赫（等于splendor）；光彩壮丽
 - eminence

Word: zloty
Front: zloty
['zlɒtɪ] (-/30031)
Back: n. 兹罗提（波兰的货币单位）
US ['zlɑ:.tˌi/ UK ['zwɑ:.i] noun countable
■the standard unit of money used in Poland 兹罗提（波兰标准货币单位）

Word: tutu
Front: tutu
[ˈtu:tu:] (22685/39835)
Back: n. 由腰部撑开的芭蕾舞用短裙
分布：芭蕾舞短裙(100%)
→来自法语 tutu,芭蕾舞裙，改写自 cucu,韵律重复形式于 cul,底部，屁股，来自拉丁语 culus, 底部，屁股，词源同 cul-de-sac,culottes,recoil.
noun countable
■a very short skirt made of many layers of very thin stiff material, which is worn by female ballet dancers 芭蕾舞裙

Word: surmount
Front: surmount
[səˈmaʊnt] (托雅宝 16610/11982 -1)
Vocabulary: surmount
(once / 653 pages)
v
If you surmount a challenge or difficult situation, you're not just getting over it. You're outdoing yourself, exceeding expectations, and overcoming the task at hand.
This word comes to us from the Old French verb for mount, or climb. Maria sang "climb every mountain..." in The Sound of Music. But she could have just as well meant "surmount every obstacle" — because to surmount means to both reach the highest point of something, like a mountain, and to totally overcome a mountain-size problem.
WORD FAMILY
surmount: surmountable, surmounted, surmounter, surmounting, surmounts+/ insurmountable: insurmountably/surmountable: insurmountable, unsurmountable/surmounted: surmountedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Fillon’s quick and quiet ascent presents an obstacle that will be even more difficult to surmount.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
But these new hurdles may be more difficult to surmount.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
And Ms. Weiner and the director, Kip Fagan, cannot really surmount the naturally untheatrical nature of watching two people typing away at their computers.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 战胜，克服; 登上，攀登; 居于…之上; 顶上覆盖着
时态：surmounted, surmounting, surmounts
分布：克服(78%)，越过(19%)，登上 ... 最高点(3%)
→sur-,在上，超过，-mount,山，山峰，词源同 mountain.引申诸相关词义。
登上,超越(sur+mount山→在山上→登上)[sur-表示"超过,在上面"]
克服(困难等)(sur超过+mount→登上[山顶],超越困难)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
US [sɚ-] formal
verb transitive
DEAL WITH 处理
■to deal successfully with a difficulty or problem 克服（困难）；解决（问题）
• They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their plans. 他们设法摆平了对他们计划的所有反对意见。
• There are still a few technical problems/obstacles/hurdles to be surmounted before the product can be put on sale to the public. 在这个产品对大众销售之前，还有一些技术问题要解决。
UK [sə'maʊnt] US [sɚ-] formal
verb transitive
BE ON TOP 在顶部
■to be on top of something tall 耸立于…之上，在…顶端
• The central 12-foot column is surmounted by a bronze angel with outspread wings. 中央12英尺高的柱子顶上立着一座展翅欲飞的天使铜像。
vt. 克服，越过；战胜
 - overcome, defeat, negotiate

Word: syllabus
Front: syllabus
[ˈsɪləbəs] (雅宝 15285/6746 -1)
Vocabulary: syllabus
(once / 15019 pages)
n
A syllabus is a document that outlines everything that will be covered in a class. A syllabus for World Domination 101 might include: strategies for brainwashing the masses, creating an army on a budget, cultivating absolute certainty, and so on.
The noun syllabus comes from the Late Latin word syllabus, meaning “list.” When you teach a class you may be required to make an outline of what you will expect the students to do in your class. That’s the syllabus. A syllabus could vaguely mention the topics that will be covered each week or it can be a detailed synopsis of every reading assignment, homework expectation, and exam question. Syllabus style is the teacher’s choice.
WORD FAMILY
syllabus: syllabi, syllabuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The questions are all based on Singapore’s much lauded maths syllabus, which aims to teach fewer topics in greater depth.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
But when he got to college and looked at a literature syllabus he realized that he’d read almost everything on it.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Artificial intelligence is now on the syllabus at top-tier business schools.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 教学大纲，课程提纲; （讲义等的）摘要，提纲; 课程表; [法]（判例前的）判决要旨
分布：大纲(89%)，摘要(11%)
→来自晚期拉丁语 syllabus,清单，目录，误读或误写自希腊语 sittybos,清单，目录，词源不详。 该错误发生的原因可能是编者认为该希腊词本身是一个错误，而正确的拼写应为 syllabe,集 中，聚集，词源同 syllable.并由该拉丁词引申词义摘要，提纲等。
【记】读：希勒bus，英国国家队前锋希勒的bus里面有他的训练课程安排－教学纲要
['sɪl.ə.bəs] (plural syllabuses or syllabi)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■(a plan showing) the subjects or books to be studied in a particular course, especially a course which leads to an examination （尤指指定考试课程的）教学大纲，课程大纲
• Which novels are on the syllabus this year? 今年的课程大纲里列了哪些小说?
Compare curriculum
n. 教学大纲，摘要；课程表
 - abstract, brief, summary, resume

Word: agitator
Front: agitator
[ˈædʒɪteɪtə(r)] (21510/20823)
Back: n. <贬>（尤指政治变革的）鼓动者; 煽动者; 搅拌器; 搅拌机
分布：搅拌器(68%)，鼓动者(32%)
鼓动者(agitate+or人→鼓动的人)[ag=do,act,表示"做,代理做"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who tries to make people join in protests and political activity （抗议或政治波动中的）煽动者，策动者
• It is thought that the strike was the work of undercover political agitators. 人们认为罢工背后有秘密政治势力在煽风点火。
n. [矿业] [机] 搅拌器；鼓动者；煽动者
 - mixer, stirrer

Word: antithesis
Front: antithesis
[ænˈtɪθəsɪs] (宝 15063/15369)
Vocabulary: antithesis
(once / 2608 pages)
n
An antithesis is the complete opposite of something. Though the counterculture was strong in America in 1968, voters elected Richard Nixon, the antithesis of a hippie.
The noun antithesis comes from a Greek root meaning "opposition" and "set against." It's often used today when describing two ideas or terms that are placed in strong contrast to each other. We might come across antithesis in school if we learn about the "Hegelian dialectic." There, the thesis, or main idea put forward in an argument, is countered with its opposite idea — the antithesis — and the two are finally reconciled in a third proposition, the synthesis. An antithesis wouldn't exist without a thesis because it works as a comparison.
WORD FAMILY
antithesis: antitheses, antithetical +/ thesis: antithesis, theses, thesises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wham back then, complete with exclamation point, seemed the clear antithesis of the miner-supporting Red Wedge.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Scorsese, 74, may be among the most revered directors in Hollywood, but “Silence” is almost the antithesis of today’s studio film.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
A brooding film about a remote home inhabited by law-breaking priests, “El Club” is the dark, Latin American antithesis to “Spotlight.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 对立; 对立面; 对照; 对偶
分布：对照(67%)，正相反(25%)，对比法(8%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根thes, 放置，同metathesis, 调换，词源同单词do, 放置，做。
对立;反论(anti+thesis论文;观点)[anti-表示"反对,相反"]
对立(anti反+thesis→反着放→对立)[thesis,thet=setting,表示"放置"]
【记】anti反，thesis论文。反论文。一个论文表达一种观点。你说游泳可以减肥，你要摆事实讲道理，我如果要反对你，就得提出一个对立的、相对的观点，其实游泳不能减肥，因为游泳时人体产生一种抵御寒冷的脂肪，而且是不可消除的。Anti，sister：对立的一对姐妹－对立面
【参】antithetic（adj 对立的）；thesis（n 论文）；hypothesis（n 假设）
[æn'tɪθ.ə.sɪs] (plural antitheses)
noun countable
■the exact opposite 正相反；对立；对照
• She is slim and shy - the very antithesis of her sister. 她身材苗条，性格腼腆，正好和她姐姐相反。
• He is the exact antithesis of what I find attractive in men. 我认为男性应有的魅力他一点都没有。
• Thanks to the collapse of communism the political antithesis between Left and Right is less important. 由于共产主义瓦解，左翼和右翼的对立显得不那么重要了。
n. 对立面；对照；对仗
 - comparison, opposite

Word: bountiful
Front: bountiful
[ˈbaʊntɪfl] (17792/32815)
Vocabulary: bountiful
(once / 2166 pages)
adj
Bountiful means abundant or given generously. We celebrate the idea of a bountiful harvest with a Thanksgiving cornucopia overflowing with its bounty of pumpkins, apples, squashes, and cranberries.
Bountiful can also mean generously given, with the idea that the original bounty of a harvest came from the gods you prayed to for rain and sun. When you received their gifts, you thanked them for their generosity. Now, bountiful giving is something you might experience with your parents or grandparents, happy just to see you smile on your birthday.
WORD FAMILY
bountiful: bountifully, bountifulness+/ bounteous: bounteously, bounteousness/ bounty: bounteous, bounties, bountiful
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year's bountiful yields and low interest rates on loans helped many growers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This year’s bountiful yields and low interest rates on loans helped many growers.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They heard the shot and disarmed him at Mueller Park Junior High School in Bountiful, about 11 miles north of Salt Lake City.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 慷慨给予的; 丰富的，充裕的
分布：慷慨的(39%)，丰富的(36%)，充足的(25%)
US [-tˌɪ-] literary
adjective
■large in amount （数量）异常大的
• We found a bountiful supply of coconuts on the island. 我们发现岛上有充足的椰子。
■generous in giving to others 慷慨的
• our bountiful benefactor 我们慷慨的捐赠者
adj. 丰富的；慷慨的；宽大的
 - abundant, generous, full, handsome, ample

Word: atone
Front: atone
[əˈtəʊn] (宝 22954/34962)
Vocabulary: atone
(once / 671 pages)
v
To atone is to do something "right" to make up for doing something wrong. Religious believers are known to atone for their sins, but even students can atone for a past failure by acing a quiz or two.
The word atone came to English as a contraction of the words at and one. The verb means to make amends or reparations for an offense or wrong doing. You can remember the meaning by thinking of it as a sort of Zen concept, to be "at one" or in harmony with someone, you have to atone for your mistakes and be forgiven. In a religious sense, it means to repent for sins ("to atone for his sins").
WORD FAMILY
atone: atoned, atonement, atones, atoning+/ atonement: atonements
USAGE EXAMPLES
The visit is as much about dealing with looming challenges as atoning for what happened three-quarters of a century ago.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
He then invited the anti-Brexit star to atone for the sin of mocking the town by switching the Christmas lights’s on.
Time(Nov 24, 2016)
No one wants to acknowledge, atone or apologize for the pain and suffering they caused during this vicious and vitriolic campaign.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 补偿，赎（罪）
vi. 补偿，弥补，赎回
时态：atoned, atoning, atones
分布：赎罪(64%)，补偿(27%)，偿还(9%)
→来自短语at one. 与上帝一致。因宗教观念认为人带有原罪，故需赎罪。
【记】a一个，tone声音。唱：有这样一个声音，他叫你补偿。读：一桶－用一桶金子来赎罪
US [-'toʊn] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  atone for sth formal
■to do something that shows that you are sorry for something bad that you did 赎（罪）；弥补，补偿（过错）
• The country's leader has expressed a wish to atone for his actions in the past. 该国领导人表示愿意为其以前的行为向世人谢罪。
atonement
    UK [əˈtəʊn.mənt] US [-ˈtoʊn-] noun uncountable formal 2. He said that young hooligans should do community service as atonement for their crimes. 他说不良少年应该做些社区服务工作来补偿过错。
vt. 赎罪；弥补；偿还
 - replace, recover, offset, tender
vi. 弥补；赎回
 - make up for it, make up for sth.

Word: babel
Front: babel
['beɪb(ə)l] (32554/25938)
Vocabulary: babel
(once / 9633 pages)
n
Babel is a hubbub, or a confused mix of voices. It might be hard for your grandfather to hear in a restaurant with background music and a loud babel of conversation.
The babel of voices in a hotel's hall at night makes it difficult to sleep, and the babel of kids talking all at once is frustrating for a new teacher. Babel can also mean a figurative noise or conversation: "The babel of expert opinions on this issue is confusing me." Babel comes from the Biblical "Tower of Babel" story, in which God confused the builders of a tower to heaven by making them speak different languages.
WORD FAMILY
babel
USAGE EXAMPLES
A babel of languages mix on the the streets.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Crumbs were everywhere; and the babel buzzed like a clockwork wind.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
The babel of foreign languages spoken by tourists visiting it bears a rough sonic similarity to those around Castle Garden in 1885.
The New Yorker(Oct 01, 2016)
Back: n. 嘈杂声
分布：嘈杂声(100%)
→来自希伯来语，传说中通往上天之门。bab, 门。ilu, 神，词源同Allah.
['beɪ.bəl] formal
noun only singular
■a state of confusion caused by many people talking at the same time or using different languages 嘈杂，喧哗，混乱
• a babel of voices. 人声嘈杂

Word: cedar
Front: cedar
[ˈsi:də(r)] (托 8831/15981 -1)
Vocabulary: cedar
(once / 631 pages)
1n 2n
A cedar is an evergreen tree with a particularly fragrant wood. The trees in your yard that keep their green needles through the winter might be cedars.
There are many different varieties of cedars, including a popular Christmas tree in the Southern US, the Eastern Red Cedar. Cedars are probably best known for the strong, appealing scent of their wood, which is often used to line storage chests or closets, both for the smell and its tendency to repel moths. The Greek root of cedar is kedros.
WORD FAMILY
cedar: cedars
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are a lot of kids who are walking an hour just to get there and read our books,” Cedar said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police said the shooting occurred about 7:45 p.m. in the 200 block of Cedar Street NW.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
After Klein graduated from Holy Cross Leo High School, he decided to attend Cedar Rapids Barber School through a classmate who chose the profession.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 雪松; 西洋杉; 香椿; 香柏
分布：雪松(98%)，雪松木材(2%)
→来自拉丁词cedrus, 香柏松。词源可能同citrus.
US [-dɚ] noun
countable
■a tall wide evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree 雪松
uncountable (also cedarwood)
■the wood of this tree 雪松木
n. 雪松；香柏；西洋杉木
 - cedrus

Word: capitulate
Front: capitulate
[kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt] (宝 18153/18449 -1)
Vocabulary: capitulate
(once / 999 pages)
v
Capitulate means to give in to something. "The teachers didn't want to have class outside, but the students begged so hard, she capitulated."
Because capitulate relates to the military, and Romans were all about their military, Latin has a lot to say about this word. In Latin, caput means head, capitulum little head. Think with this word how, at the end of a battle, someone bows their head in defeat, and often that is when heads roll.
WORD FAMILY
capitulate: capitulated, capitulates, capitulating, capitulation, recapitulate +/ capitulation: capitulations/ recapitulate: recapitulated, recapitulates, recapitulating, recapitulation / recapitulation: recapitulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a week of negotiations, the British finally capitulated.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
After years of rock-bottom rates, many bank analysts “capitulated” this year and started penciling in no further rate increases by the Fed, Ms. Moore said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
The Wake County Public School System capitulated to the FFRF’s demands, barring student choirs from further participation in the celebration, The News & Observer reported Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 认输，屈服; 屈从，停止反抗; 有条件投降; 让步
时态：capitulated, capitulating, capitulates
分布：有条件投降(100%)
→来自capitulation的回构词，原指协议，条款，来自词根cap, 头。-ul, 小词后缀。指小头，一条一条的条款，后指有条件投降，比较chapter。
(有条件)投降(capit+ulate表示动词→头低下→投降)[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
【记】cap头－低头－投降cap抓，it他，late晚－抓他已经晚了－因为他已经投降了。Capitulate需要capital（n 资金）\
【反】resist（vt 抵抗）；oppose（v 抗争）
verb intransitive
■to accept military defeat 投降；屈服；停止抵抗
• Their forces capitulated five hours after the Allied bombardment of the city began. 在盟军对该市进行了五个小时的轰炸后，他们的军队投降了。
■to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly 被迫接受；被迫同意；让步
• The sports minister today capitulated to calls for his resignation. 体育部长今天被迫接受了要他辞职的要求。
vi. 认输，屈服；屈从，停止反抗；有条件投降；让步
 - throw in the towel, say uncle

Word: celestial
Front: celestial
[səˈlestiəl] (托宝 8813/15138 -1)
Vocabulary: celestial
(once / 592 pages)
adj
What is the difference between a celestial being and a celestial body? The first is something living such as an alien or an angel, whereas the latter is an inanimate object such as a star or a planet. Both, however, are from the sky.
The word celestial is primarily used to describe things that have to do with the heavens such as angels, spirits, stars and planets. It does not come from words meaning God or soul though, but from the Latin word for sky caelestis, which also gave rise to the word ceiling. So really, all you have to do is look up and you'll remember what celestial means — whether you're inside or outside.
WORD FAMILY
celestial: celestially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sometimes the voices people hear are not their own, and instead are attributed to a celestial source.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At one moment in the show, celestial firework patterns in shapes of stars and fireworks lit up the sky as Bowie’s song “Space Oddity” played.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
This causes the sun to appear at its farthest below the celestial equator when viewed from Earth.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 天的，天空的
n. 天人，神仙; （指封建时代的）中国人，天朝之人
分布：天上的(60%)，天神(16%)，中国的(9%)，中国人(7%)，中国人的(4%)，非凡的(4%)
→来自拉丁词caelum, 天空，最终来自kaid,*skai, 照耀，明亮，词源同candle, shine.
天的,天空的[cel=heaven(天空)]
【记】celest天空，ial形容词后缀－天上的
【参】celeste（n 天蓝色）
US [-tʃəl] formal
adjective
■of or from the sky or outside this world 天的，天空的；天外的
• The moon is a celestial body. 月亮是天体中的一员。
adj. 天上的，天空的
 - heavenly, ethereal
n. 神仙，天堂里的居民
 - jinnee, djinni

Word: corsica
Front: corsica
[ˈkɔ:sikə] (-/25346)
Back: 科西嘉（岛）（法国东南部省名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: circumstantial
Front: circumstantial
[ˌsɜ:kəmˈstænʃl] (宝 13341/14553)
Vocabulary: circumstantial
(once / 2264 pages)
adj
Circumstantial is a word that refers to specific details about something: in other words, about circumstances. Circumstantial evidence might implicate someone's guilt, but it certainly doesn't prove them guilty.
The word circumstances refers to the facts of your life: everyone has different circumstances. So the word circumstantial refers to the specific details of some situation. This word is most often heard in the term circumstantial evidence, which you may have heard on a TV crime or trial program. Circumstantial evidence might lead a detective to suspect someone's guilt, but eyewitness testimony may be needed to convince the jury.
WORD FAMILY
circumstantial: circumstantially+/ circumstance: circumstances, circumstantial
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is circumstantial evidence of this process at work.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
In addition, the Florida Supreme Court has shown an inclination to overturn guilty verdicts from juries in murder cases where the evidence was mainly circumstantial.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Sherman reports that the scientists, led by University of Michigan computer scientist J. Alex Halderman, “so far have only a circumstantial case”:
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. （指描述）详细的; （指证据）有充分细节却无法证实的
分布：详细的(60%)，依情况而定的(40%)
【参】circumstantiality（n 情况细节，偶然性）
US [ˌsɝ:.kəm'-] adjective
■containing information, especially about a crime, which makes you think something is true but does not completely prove it （尤指关于犯罪）间接的，按情况推测的
• circumstantial evidence 间接证据
• The case against her was circumstantial. 对她不利的论据是推测而来的。
adj. 依照情况的；详细的，详尽的
 - strict, detailed, particular, specific, full

Word: counterpoint
Front: counterpoint
[ˈkaʊntəpɔɪnt] (13933/20081)
Vocabulary: counterpoint
(once / 6541 pages)
1nv 2v
To counterpoint is to contrast. If you point out that you should have class outside, someone might counterpoint by reminding you that it’s raining. In music, counterpoint is when two separate melodies are played or sung at the same time.
When a composer writes a piece of music using voices that follow different rhythms or pitches but ultimately come together harmonically, she uses counterpoint. You can also use this word as a verb to mean "to highlight difference:" "My tidy bookshelves counterpoint the mess of papers and books on my desk." The musical meaning of counterpoint, "pricking musical notes under the original melody on a manuscript," comes from an earlier sewing or quilting meaning.
WORD FAMILY
counterpoint: contrapuntist, counterpointed, counterpointing, counterpoints+/contrapuntist: contrapuntists/ point: counterpoint, pointed, pointer, pointing, pointless, points, repoint/ pointed: pointedly, pointedness, unpointed/pointer: pointers/ pointless: pointlessly, pointlessness/repoint: repointed, repointing/unpointed: unpointedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rock ‘n’ roll soundtrack somehow adds both irony and counterpoint to the proceedings.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It offers a vital counterpoint to often dehumanizing rhetoric about “bowls of Skittles” and comprehensive Muslim bans.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It’s Opetaia’s melody and lyrics in Samoan, and I just started writing English lyrics and counterpoint to what he’d written.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 对位法，旋律配合，对应物
时态：counterpointed, counterpointing, counterpoints
分布：对比(43%)，旋律配合(29%)，对比物(17%)，重复旋律(11%)
US [-tˌɚ-] noun uncountable
■the combination of two or more different tunes played at the same time 对位法
n. 复调；对位法；旋律配合；对应物
 - polyphony, opposite number

Word: crouch
Front: crouch
[kraʊtʃ] (托雅宝 6738/6240 -2)
Vocabulary: crouch
(once / 424 pages)
1nv 2v
To crouch is to bend your knees, pull your body in, and sit on your heels. This position is called a crouch. You might crouch down to pet a kitten or catch a baseball.
The catcher in baseball stands in a low crouch, waiting for the pitch. Little kids might crouch in a closet or under a table when they play hide and seek. People crouch when they’re in a small space or to keep themselves warm. When you’re in a crouch, your body takes up less space. Crouch comes from the French crochir, "become bent or crooked," after the shape of a hook or a croche.
WORD FAMILY
crouch: crouched, crouches, crouching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Klutz will be sworn in on Jan. 9 along with Holcomb, Crouch and other statewide officials at the Indiana State Fairgrounds.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Stanley Crouch once wrote that “there is nothing more serious than joy when it is about the right thing.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
His centre was slid along the six-yard box for Crouch to convert.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 屈膝，蹲伏; 蜷伏; 卑躬屈膝
vt. 低头，屈膝
n. 蹲着的姿势
时态：crouched, crouching, crouches
分布：蹲伏(46%)，蜷缩(22%)，屈膝(16%)，蹲下(16%)
→来自sker, 转，弯，词源同crumple, curve. 即弯下腰的，蹲下的。
【记】比couch（n 长沙发。读：靠吃）多了一个r象一个人坐在沙发上弯腰
verb intransitive
■to bend your knees and lower yourself so that you are close to the ground and leaning forward slightly 蹲下，蹲伏；蜷缩
• She saw him coming and crouched (down) behind a bush. 看见他来了，她便蜷伏在一簇灌木丛后面。
vi. 蹲伏，蜷伏；卑躬屈膝
 - stay down, grovel
vt. 低头；屈膝
 - head drop, drop on one's knees
n. 蹲伏
 - couching

Word: culpable
Front: culpable
[ˈkʌlpəbl] (托宝 20145/23673)
Vocabulary: culpable
(once / 3017 pages)
adj
If a child tells his mother he was not to blame for the cookie jar being broken, she could still find him culpable if he was the only one home. Culpable means to be at fault.
Culpable is being deserving of blame. If you are culpable of a crime, you are the culprit, or the one who did it. Culpable can be used when looking for the root of the problem rather than a simple who done it. If a teacher leaves the room during a difficult test, and the students decide to cheat, parents might ask whether or not the teacher was also somewhat culpable for the outcome.
WORD FAMILY
culpable: culpability, culpableness, culpabler, culpably, inculpable+/inculpable: inculpability, inculpableness, inculpably
USAGE EXAMPLES
To be fair, the kids are plenty culpable.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The schoolboy's killer is serving nine years for culpable homicide.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Ira Koslow, president of Venice’s neighbourhood council, said sellers were just as culpable as the buyers who replaced airy bungalows with “monster” homes.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 应受谴责的，应受处罚的，有罪的
分布：有罪的(70%)，该责备的(30%)
→来自culp-,责备，谴责，词源同inculpable.
有罪的;应受指责的(culp+able有...的)[culp=fault,表示"错,罪"]
【参】culprit（n 犯人；犯法者）；exculpate（v 开脱；无罪释放）
【反】innocent（adj 无罪的；天真无知的）；above reproach（无罪的）
formal
adjective
■deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad 应受谴责的；该受处罚的；该对错误负责的
• He was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened. 他应该为所发生的一切负责。
adj. 有罪的；该责备的；不周到的；应受处罚的
 - guilty, sinful

Word: electrification
Front: electrification
[ɪˌlektrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (26064/17044)
Back: n. 充电，电气化; 起电; 电化; 带电
分布：电气化(71%)，带电(15%)，起电(14%)
noun uncountable
■the process of making a machine or system operate using electricity when it did not before 电气化
• the electrification of the railways 铁路的电气化
• electrification technology 电气化技术
n. 电气化； [电] 带电；充电
 - charging up

Word: deafen
Front: deafen
[ˈdefn] (六 28547/20850 -1)
Vocabulary: deafen
(once / 1468 pages)
v
To deafen is to make someone permanently or temporarily unable to hear, especially with a very loud noise. If the music at a party deafens you, you'll probably go home early.
Things that might deafen you include a fire truck's siren, your brother blowing his trumpet in your ear, or an explosion. You can also use the word in a more figurative way, when something makes you feel overwhelmed by its loudness: "I'm sick of living on this busy road — when the bus goes by, it deafens me!" The earliest verb with this meaning was deaf, which became deafen by the late 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
deafen: deafened, deafening, deafens+/ deaf: deafed, deafen, deafer, deafest, deafly, deafness, deafs/deafening: deafeningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in some cases, the silence was deafening, and what wasn’t explained provided fodder for conversation.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
DJs blast deafening music in each room, the beat so loud it rattles your sternum and lungs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was so deafening; it was almost like silence.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使聋; 使隔音; 淹没
vi. 变聋
时态：deafened, deafening, deafens
分布：使聋(75%)，把 ... 震聋(25%)
verb transitive
■If a very loud noise deafens you, it makes you deaf , or makes you temporarily unable to hear the other sounds near you 使失聪，使耳聋
• The explosion permanently deafened her in her right ear. 爆炸使她的右耳永久失聪。
vt. 使聋；淹没
 - flood, flow

Word: ensconce
Front: ensconce
[ɪnˈskɒns] (宝 -/20531)
Vocabulary: ensconce
(once / 4057 pages)
v
If you ensconce yourself somewhere, you settle in for quite a while, such as when you're home with the flu and ensconce yourself on the couch with the remote control, tissues, your phone, and a big glass of orange juice.
Ensconce dates to the 1580s, when it literally meant "to cover with a fort." It isn't quite clear whether the word can be traced to French or Dutch, which has a word schans that describes "earthwork." Today, you don't need a protective structure like a fort in order to be ensconced, but the idea of being surrounded is key to the word's meaning.
WORD FAMILY
ensconce: ensconced, ensconces, ensconcing+/ sconce: ensconce, sconces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poets in Paterson’s, and the movie’s, pantheon are ensconced in artistic scenes; Paterson is on his own.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But the Oakland fire ripped through a close-knit community of artists ensconced in an underground music scene and committed to staying in the area.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
He spent most of his last decade ensconced at home in the suburbs of Havana.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 使安坐 ; 安置; 使安顿
时态：ensconced, ensconcing, ensconces
分布：安置(50%)，隐藏(25%)，安顿下来(25%)
→en-, 进入，使。-sconce, 城堡，避难所，可能来自abscond, 隐藏。
【记】en进入，sconce（n 小堡垒）－进入小堡垒－安置conce＝cond藏（abscond v 潜逃）－安置en进入，scon＝scan浏览，ce：进电影院浏览ce－安置，安坐
【反】unsettle（v 不安）；displace（v 迫使离开祖国）
US [-'skɑ:nts] literary
verb [R]
■to make yourself very comfortable or safe in a place or position 使安顿；安置；使安坐
• After dinner, I ensconced myself in a deep armchair with a book. 吃过晚饭，我舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上看书。
vt. 安置；安顿下来；使…隐藏
 - establish, put, station, bed, plant

Word: flaky
Front: flaky
[ˈfleɪki] (17627/33185)
Vocabulary: flaky
(once / 14021 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you are flaky, you are off-beat and you probably don’t function in society quite like everyone else. If you say you’ll come to a party and then forget to show up, you are flaky.
People are flaky (also spelled flakey) if they are wacky and unconventional, but to say someone is flaky is not really a compliment. If you want to buffer the blow of calling your friend an odd-ball, don’t say she’s flaky — say she’s eccentric. Pie crusts, snow, certain rocks, and dandruff can also be flaky, which means that they come apart in layered bits. Flakiness is a good thing for pie crusts, but not for your scalp.
WORD FAMILY
flaky: flakier, flakiest, flakily+/ flake: flaked, flakes, flakey, flaking, flaky /flakey: flakiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The outside crust was flaky, and inside, big chunks of chicken were swimming in a mildly spiced Thai curry.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
If you get that right, he said, your fillet will emerge with an ethereal, crunchy, golden crust and a flaky interior.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
The enamel bowls contained flaky fufu and watery soup bereft of chunks of fish or meat.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 薄片的; 成片的; 薄而易剥落的; <美俚>极古怪的
级别：flakier, flakiest
分布：薄片的(24%)，疯疯癫癫的(24%)，易剥落的(24%)，古里古怪的(20%)，成层的(8%)
→来自flake, 薄片，碎片。
adjective
SMALL PIECE 小片的
■coming off easily in small, flat, thin pieces 易碎成小薄片的；易脱落的
• dry, flaky skin 干燥易脱皮的皮肤
• a flaky scalp 易脱皮屑的头皮
['fleɪ.ki] adjective
PERSON 人的 mainly US informal
■behaving in a way that is not responsible or expected 疯疯癫癫的；离谱的；古怪的
• The central character of the play is a flaky neurotic. 该剧的中心人物是一个疯疯癫癫的神经病患者。

Word: ephemeral
Front: ephemeral
[ɪˈfemərəl] (托雅宝 14116/15628)
Vocabulary: ephemeral
(once / 3585 pages)
nadj
Something that is fleeting or short-lived is ephemeral, like a fly that lives for one day or text messages flitting from cellphone to cellphone.
Ephemeral (ə-FEM-ər-əl) was originally a medical term with the specific meaning "lasting only one day," as a fever or sickness (Hemera means "day" in Greek.) The word became more general, coming to mean "lasting a short time," covering the life spans of plants or insects and then eventually anything that is fleeting or transitory. A related word is the plural noun ephemera, meaning "things that are meant to last for only a short time." Posters for a rock concert are often ephemera, unless the band is so famous that they get saved and sold on eBay.
WORD FAMILY
ephemeral: ephemerality, ephemerally, ephemeralness, ephemerals+/ ephemera: ephemerae, ephemeral, ephemeras/ephemerality: ephemeralities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s ephemeral, spiritual, the way they talk, the way their eyes change when they laugh.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
“But this is a topic in which reality proves to be particularly ephemeral.”
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
These delicate hues – what she and others are calling an “ephemeral” trend – evoke airiness and light.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 短暂的，瞬息的; 朝露; 一年生; 朝生暮死
分布：短暂的(77%)，朝生暮死的(20%)，生存极短时间的事物(3%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-hemer, 天，词源同euhemerism。原指一种朝生暮死的昆虫，后形容短暂的生命，转瞬即逝的。
转瞬即逝的(一天就消失了)[hemer=day(一天)]
【记】e出，phem出现－出现就消失－朝生暮死的ep在…之前，hemer日：在日落之前就歇了－生命短暂的读：ephe摸肉－随便摸美女的肉－生命短暂的（因为被打）
【参】ephemeron（n 生命极短暂之物）
【反】enduring（adj 不朽的；持久的）；permanent（adj 永久的）；perpetual＝eternal＝everlasting（adj 永恒的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■lasting for only a short time 短暂的，极短的；转瞬即逝的
• Fame in the world of rock and pop is largely ephemeral. 在摇滚和流行音乐界，名声大多转瞬即逝。
adj. 短暂的；朝生暮死的
 - brief, little, transient, passing

Word: goethe
Front: goethe
[ˈɡə:tə] (-/21791)
Back: n. 歌德
分布：诗人）(34%)，哲学家(33%)，歌德（德国作家(33%)

Word: generalise
Front: generalise
['dʒenərəlaɪz] (-/15274)
Back: vt. & vi. 概括，归纳，推论
vt. 推广，普及
时态：generalised, generalising, generalises
分布：概括(89%)，使一般化(11%)
vt. 概括；归纳；普及
 - summarise, epitomize
vi. 推广；笼统地讲；概括（等于generalize）
 - sum, popularise

Word: flawless
Front: flawless
[ˈflɔ:ləs] (11661/20176 -1)
Vocabulary: flawless
(once / 3746 pages)
adj
Flawless is an adjective that means "without any imperfections," like your flawless vocal performance — not one mistake. That's why the choir teacher gave you an A+.
In flawless you can see the word flaw, which means "a fault." So something that is flawless is free of faults, perfect. If you've never gotten in any kind of trouble, your record is flawless. Antique car collectors look for that flawless model — no dents, dings, or signs that anyone had even sat in it.
WORD FAMILY
flawless: flawlessly, flawlessness+/ flaw: flawed, flawing, flawless, flaws/ flawed: unflawed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anderson’s pick-six was Alabama’s 11th defensive touchdown this season, and it derived from a perfect adjustment and flawless execution.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
And they are unlike more conventional celebrities, she thinks, because they try to present themselves as being "flawless".
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
And while Saturday’s performance was far from flawless, it was good enough.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 无瑕的，完美无缺的; 无疵可寻; 无瑕可谪; 无疵
分布：完美的(72%)，无瑕疵的(28%)
无瑕疵的(flaw缺点)[-less表形容词"无…的,不...的"]
US ['flɑ:-] adjective
■perfect or without mistakes 完美的；无瑕的
• a flawless complexion 光洁无瑕的面容
• a flawless performance 完美的表演
adj. 完美的；无瑕疵的；无裂缝的
 - perfect, stainless, ideal, full

Word: gig
Front: gig
[gɪg] (7993/6294 -2)
Vocabulary: gig
(once / 1238 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A gig is a band's musical performance or an appointment for such a performance. Your band's first gig might be playing at a high school prom.
Performers of various kinds book gigs: they arrange to do a show at a specific place and time. If you're a standup comedian, you might dream of a gig at a big concert hall, but have to be satisfied with gigs in church basements and coffee shops. Sometimes people who do freelance work also refer to jobs as gigs. The word comes from early 20th century jazz slang.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gig / jig
Gig with a hard "g" is a job. Jig, on the other hand, is a dance. The kind a band might do when they land a gig headlining Madison Square Garden.
A gig is basically freelance job. The word comes from jazz and often refers to a musical performance. If your band has a gig, you could say you're gigging. It's also short for "gigabyte," a unit of measurement in computer land. Gig likes to get around:
"Eagles of Death Metal's frontman has said he feels a deep responsibility to resume the gig which came under attack from terrorists." (BBC)
"He eventually retired from his job as an EMS for the Baltimore fire department and found a teaching gig near Hampton." (Washington Post)
"They have one job or two—or else they race from gig to gig and chore to chore as rapidly as they can." (New Yorker)
A jig has roots in traditional Irish folk dancing. Jig is also the name of the kind of song that you dance a jig to. Is a jig also a fishing lure? Sure! And, it's the name of a tool that comes in handy if you're making a jigsaw puzzle. It used to mean "trick," so if you catch someone breaking a rule, you tell 'em "the jig is up." Examples:
"It prompted Garcia to dance a jig of delight on the green." (New York Times)
"A new law goes into effect June 1 prohibiting the sale or use of lead sinkers and jigs that weigh less than an ounce." (Washington Times)
"There was also a less complex dolly jig designed to make a small doll dance." (Washington Times)
If you get them mixed up, remember that gig usually has a hard "g" for cold hard cash, and a jig makes people feel jolly.
WORD FAMILY
gig: gigged, gigging, gigs
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the show is renewed, his wife gets to keep her writing gig, too.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Williams worked with The Beatles from 1960 to 1961, getting the band gigs in Britain, and in Hamburg where their future development was shaped.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
As it is a New Year’s Eve gig, the band will also ensure that celebrations coincide with the stroke of midnight.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 现场演奏会; 工作; 轻便双轮马车; gigabyte 千兆字节
v. 乘轻便二轮马车; 用鱼叉叉; 记过处分; 特约演奏
分布：特约演奏(37%)，鱼叉(21%)，赛艇(12%)，单马双轮轻便马车(6%)，临时工作(6%)，乘轻便马车或快艇(6%)，记军事处分(6%)，用鱼叉捕鱼(6%)
→1.马车，来自gig古义，旋转，词源同gigolo, whirligig. 引申义轻便马车，因其颠簸而得名，参照cab, 来自caper, 山羊。
noun countable
PERFORMANCE 表演 informal
■a single performance by a musician or group of musicians, especially playing modern or pop music （尤指演奏现代或流行乐的）演奏会
• This week the band did the last gig of their world-tour. 这个乐队本周举行了他们是次世界巡演的最后一场演奏会。
[gɪg] noun countable
CARRIAGE 马车
■a light two-wheeled carriage pulled by one horse, used especially in the past （尤指旧时的）双轮小马车
[gɪg] verb intransitive (-gg-)
■(of a musician or group of musicians) to perform gigs 演奏会
• Gigging around the London clubs helped the band develop their own sound. 在伦敦各个夜总会表演，有助这个乐队形成自己的音乐风格。
n. 旋转物；鱼叉；轻便双轮马车
 - tonga
vt. 使…起绒；用鱼叉叉；记过处分
 - harpoon

Word: impropriety
Front: impropriety
[ˌɪmprəˈpraɪəti] (托 15427/19897)
Vocabulary: impropriety
(once / 2704 pages)
n
When the boss' wife shows up at a formal dinner party and proceeds to stuff her purse full of hors d'oeuvres, no one dares to mention her impropriety above a whisper, especially to the boss.
Impropriety is a violation of a rule of behavior, manners, or etiquette. So while it is fitting and proper to wear a bikini top and a sarong to the beach, to do so at church would be considered an impropriety. Some find a bit of impropriety charming. Somerset Maugham went so far as to say, “Impropriety is the soul of wit.”
WORD FAMILY
impropriety: improprieties+/ propriety: impropriety, proprieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before the inauguration, Mr. Trump should declare a zero-tolerance policy toward conflicts of interest and impropriety — especially his own.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
In September, New York's attorney general said he was investigating the Trump Foundation over suspected "impropriety".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
The auction essentially advertised access for money, a real temptation to impropriety, regardless of the merit of the charity.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 不得体; 不适当; 不得体的举止; 不正确
分布：不适当(48%)，不正确(20%)，不得体(16%)，用词错误(16%)
→来自improper,不诚实的。
【记】propriety（n 适当；礼貌）
【参】improper（adj 不适当的；不合礼仪的）；proper（adj 适当的；有礼貌的）
【反】decorum（n 礼貌）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable formal
■behaviour that is dishonest, socially unacceptable, or unsuitable for a particular situation 不诚实的或不正当的做法；不适当的行为
• financial/legal impropriety 不正当的经济活动／违法行为
• allegations of sexual impropriety 对不正当性行为的指控
n. 不适当；不正确；用词错误； [审计] 不正当行为
 - inadequacy, inaptitude

Word: laborious
Front: laborious
[ləˈbɔ:riəs] (托雅 18512/14158 -1)
Vocabulary: laborious
(once / 714 pages)
adj
Laborious describes something that requires a lot of hard work, such as Victor Frankenstein’s laborious undertaking of digging graves to find monster parts.
Laborious comes from the familiar word for work, labor, which doesn’t veer far from its roots in Old French meaning "exertion of the body," and from Latin “toil, pain, exertion, fatigue.” Anything that requires blood, sweat, and tears is laborious, and while it’s usually a good thing to work hard, laborious can also describe something over-thought, such as the heavy-handed plot of a bad TV show. Think labor plus boring, said like an old-fashioned English aristocrat: luh-bohr-ee-uhs.
WORD FAMILY
laborious: laboriously, laboriousness+/ labor: labored, laborer, laboring, laborious, labors/ labored: laboredly/ laborer: laborers
USAGE EXAMPLES
To understand this laborious season, notice how awkward easy looks on them.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Cleanup is laborious, often involving deleting single lines of code throughout a website’s infrastructure, and expensive.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Asked about the laborious process, they both laughed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 费力的; 勤劳的; 辛苦的
分布：艰苦的(70%)，费劲的(30%)
→来自labor,劳动，辛劳。
辛苦的,吃力的(labor+ious→劳动的→辛苦的)[labor=labor,表示"劳动"]
US [-'bɔ:r.i-] adjective
■needing a lot of time and effort 耗时费力的；艰巨的，艰难的
• a laborious task 艰巨的任务
adj. 勤劳的；艰苦的；费劲的
 - tough, trying, rough

Word: keel
Front: keel
[ki:l] (18738/18688 -1)
Vocabulary: keel
(once / 1069 pages)
1n 2v
The keel of a boat is the beam that runs the length of the hull — the body of the boat — and can extend vertically into the water to provide stability.
A keel doesn't just refer to the stabilization of boats. When you're on "an even keel," you're stable and steady. On a bird, the keel (or breastbone) enables a bird to fly. On the other hand, if you keel over, you're quite the opposite, since you've just gone crashing to the floor.
WORD FAMILY
keel: keeled, keeling, keels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Javis Howard and Christian Keeling led Charleston Southern with 14 points each.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the show’s third episode, I keeled over with laughter one moment and found myself in tears the next.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If the Buccaneers want to finish higher in the Big South Conference than predicted - they were picked seventh - they’ll need more big outings from Keeling.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （船的）龙骨
vt. & vi. 翻身，倾覆
adj. 无龙骨的
时态：keeled, keeling, keels
分布：出问题(50%)，突然倒下(50%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
■the long piece of wood or steel along the bottom of a boat that forms part of its structure and helps to keep the boat balanced in the water （船的）龙骨
[ki:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  keel over
PERSON
■to fall over suddenly 突然倒下
• He finished the bottle of whiskey, stood up to leave and keeled over. 他喝完了那瓶威士卡，起身离开时突然倒下。
BOAT
■If a boat keels over, it turns upside down in the water （船）倾覆，翻覆
• The storm raged and they struggled to stop the boat from keeling over. 他们努力使船在狂风暴雨中免于倾覆。
n. [脊椎] [植] [船] 龙骨；平底船；龙骨脊
 - ark, flatboat
vi. 翻倒；倾覆
 - tip, upset

Word: logically
Front: logically
['lɒdʒɪklɪ] (11464/7689)
Back: adv. 逻辑上，符合逻辑地; 能推理地
分布：逻辑上地(50%)，符合逻辑地(50%)
ADJ
逻辑（上）的；（论证或推理方法）符合逻辑的
In a logical argument or method of reasoning, each step must be true if the step before it is true.
例：Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted.只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后，证明才能成立。
ADJ
（结论或结果）逻辑上必然的，顺理成章的
The logical conclusion or result of a series of facts or events is the only one which can come from it, according to the rules of logic.
例：If the climate gets drier, then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur...如果气候变得更干燥，必然会出现更多旱情。
例：...this is the logical result of a long evolution in which we moved from working by the sweat of our brow and by muscle to industrial work and finally to knowledge work.这是长期进化的必然结果；在这一过程中，我们首先从事汗流浃背的体力劳动，然后是工业劳动，最后发展到脑力劳动。
ADJ-GRADED
合理的；在理的
Something that is logical seems reasonable or sensible in the circumstances.
例：Connie suddenly struck her as a logical candidate...她突然想到康妮是个合适人选。
例：There was a logical explanation...存在一个合理的解释。

Word: merciless
Front: merciless
[ˈmɜ:sɪləs] (托 16892/19050 -1)
Vocabulary: merciless
(once / 1022 pages)
adj
Use the adjective merciless to describe someone who acts in a cruel, heartless way. You could accuse your rabbit-hunting brother of being merciless.
Merciless is the antonym, or opposite, of "merciful." If a person shows no mercy or pity, she is merciless. This can describe a cruelly violent person, or it can be more figurative: "The torrential rain was merciless, pouring down on the wedding party as they ran to take cover." The root word is mercy, which comes from the French merci, "reward, gift, or kindness."
WORD FAMILY
merciless: mercilessly, mercilessness+/ merciful: mercifuler, mercifully, mercifulness, unmerciful/ mercy: mercies, merciful, merciless /unmerciful: unmercifully, unmercifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What version of Rousey enters the Octagon—the merciless wrecking machine of her win streak, or somebody different—is unknown.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
They would later endure the merciless pillaging and wars of Mongol marauders.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The French-Canadian auteur’s film premiered at Cannes, where the reactions were swift and often merciless -- decrying, among other things, a shrill tone and in-your-face dysfunction.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 残忍的; 无怜悯之心的; 蛇蝎心肠; 无情
分布：无情的(65%)，残忍的(24%)，无慈悲心的(11%)
→mercy,宽大，怜悯，仁慈，-less,无，没有。引申词义无情的，残忍的。
【记】源于：mercy（n 仁慈）
US ['mɝ:-] disapproving
adjective
■having or showing no mercy 冷酷无情的，残忍的，毫无怜悯之心的
• There are reports of merciless attacks on innocent civilians. 有报道说无辜平民受到了残酷无情的袭击。
• There was no shelter from the merciless (= very strong) heat. 滚滚热浪袭来，人们无处可躲。
adj. 残忍的；无慈悲心的
 - cruel, brutal

Word: multilingual
Front: multilingual
[ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋgwəl] (22731/27057)
Vocabulary: multilingual
(once / 24779 pages)
adj
Do you speak Spanish or French, in addition to English? Then you are multilingual, which is an impressive and practical thing to be.
Multilingual people can speak and/or write more than one language, whether that's English and Japanese, Spanish and sign language, or French and Klingon. Except for the silly example of Klingon, being multilingual is extremely useful — it can help you get jobs and succeed in life, because you're able to communicate with more people. Becoming multilingual is a great goal for anyone. It helps you learn about the world and do more than a monolingual person can.
WORD FAMILY
multilingual: multilingually
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, she is multilingual and plays three instruments.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Combined with a new multilingual hotline, victims of labor abuses have a safer, discreet way of seeking help.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
He adds that the film focuses on the multilingual abilities of Banks in a way that feeds into popular perceptions of linguists as “professional polyglots.”
Science Magazine(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 使用多种语言的
分布：使用多种语言的(60%)，使用多种语言的人(30%)，用多种文字书写或印刷的(10%)
→multi-,许多，多个，-ling,舌头，语言，词源同language,tongue.
多种语言的(multi+lingual方向的)[multi-表示"很多,很多"]
懂多种语言的(multi多+lingu+al)[lingu=language,表示"语言",原意为"舌头"]
US [-tˌɪ-] adjective
■(of people or groups) able to use more than two languages for communication, or (of a thing) written or spoken in more than two different languages 使用多种语言的；用多种语言表达的
• a multilingual on-line dictionary 多语线上辞典
Compare bilingual ; monolingual

Word: obfuscation
Front: obfuscation
[,ɑbfʌs'keʃən] (27075/33054)
Vocabulary: obfuscation
(once / 52068 pages)
n
The act of obscuring something to make it more difficult to understand is called obfuscation. Lawyers are sometimes accused of obfuscation, since legal contracts can be so difficult to understand.
The word obfuscation is from the verb obfuscate, which itself comes from the Latin word obfuscare, meaning "to darken." The confusion that results when something is muddled or obfuscated is also called obfuscation. If you intentionally make something more complex or more difficult to see or understand, then you are guilty of obfuscation.
WORD FAMILY
obfuscation: obfuscations+/ obfuscate: obfuscated, obfuscates, obfuscating, obfuscation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Third, we need to recognize that much of the function of everyday falsehoods is to cloak the importance of dangerous lies and obfuscations.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
More than any particular obfuscation or omission, the most misleading aspect of these books was the way they claimed that only their adversaries were “political”.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
But the Washington Post’s Hank Stuever bemoans “some plot holes and deliberate obfuscation that make ‘Stranger Things’ a clumsier ride than it needs to be.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 昏迷，困惑; 发暗
分布：困惑(77%)，昏迷(23%)
【反】lucidity（n 明朗）
n. 困惑； [心理] 模糊；昏迷
 - darkness, confusion

Word: obscene
Front: obscene
[əbˈsi:n] (六托雅 9798/8634 -1)
Vocabulary: obscene
(once / 1584 pages)
adj
Obscene describes something that is morally offensive in a sexual way. It's never a good idea to use obscene language at school.
Certain films, books, magazines, and other forms of entertainment are considered obscene because they portray sex in a very frank way that some people find vulgar and lewd. Obscene material, language, and jokes are considered taboo in polite society. Obscene can also be used to describe something repulsive — like when your friend ate an obscene number of snails at the Bastille Day bash.
WORD FAMILY
obscene: obscenely, obscener, obscenest, obscenity +/ obscenity: obscenities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obscene content, on the other hand, is much muddier.
Salon(Nov 24, 2016)
"There is nothing obscene or vulgar about my view that religious beliefs are subject to individual interpretation."
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
“Trump has made some pretty obscene comments about guns,” Lafferty told me.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 淫秽的; 下流的; 猥亵的; 大得惊人的
分布：猥亵的(53%)，淫秽的(47%)
→来自拉丁语obscenus,冒犯的，来自obscaena,舞台后面，ob-,在上，在后面，-scaen,舞台，来自skei,分开，词源同shed,segment,proscenium.原指古希腊时期在表演不堪入目的情节时，只在舞台后面发出声音，而不在舞台上表演。后由该词引申词义淫秽的，下流的。
adjective
 ADVANCED
■offensive, rude or shocking, usually because too obviously related to sex or showing sex 猥亵的；淫秽的；下流的；粗俗的
• In the raid, police found several boxes of obscene videotapes. 警方在这次突击搜查中发现了几箱淫秽录影带。
• He was jailed for making obscene phone calls (= ones in which unwanted sexual suggestions were made to the listener). 他因拨打色情骚扰电话而入狱。
• obscene language/graffiti 下流的语言／涂鸦
■morally wrong, often describing something that is wrong because it is too large 伤风败俗的；骇人听闻的；令人震惊的
• to make obscene profits 伤风败俗的；骇人听闻的；令人震惊的
• The salaries some company directors earn are obscene. 有些公司董事的薪水高得令人咋舌。
adj. 淫秽的；猥亵的；可憎的
 - salt, coprological

Word: noel

Word: persevere
Front: persevere
[ˌpɜ:sɪˈvɪə(r)] (研六托雅 13798/13755 -1)
Vocabulary: persevere
(once / 442 pages)
v
Use the verb persevere when you want to persist in anything and continue despite difficulties or obstacles.
The verb persevere comes from the Latin root persevereus which means "continue steadfastly, persist" and that word comes from two others, per- for "very" and severus for "strict." So, today, the connotation of the word is to persist in a methodical way despite obstacles or distractions. You can see the relationship between persevere and perseverate, which means "to persistently repeat something," and that word is a medical term used to describe stuttering.
WORD FAMILY
persevere: perseverance, perseveration, persevered, perseveres, persevering+/ perseverance: perseverances/persevering: perseveringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
USC trailed 49-35 with nine minutes to play, but persevered to win one of the greatest Rose Bowls of all time.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bill Clinton speaks to the press in Albany, praises Hillary for persevering through "that bogus email deal."
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“I’m the only one who is really not surprised when I persevere and accomplish my goals,” he wrote.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 坚忍，熬住; 坚持; 百折不回，不屈不挠; 支撑
时态：persevered, persevering, perseveres
分布：坚持(92%)，不屈不挠(8%)
→per-,完全的，severe,严格的，严厉的。引申词义坚忍，坚持。
坚持不懈(per始终+severe→始终诚恳→坚持不懈)[sever=earnest,表示"诚恳"]
v.坚持,坚忍,不屈不挠He persevered in his studies [with the treatment].他坚定不懈地研究 [治疗]
【记】per全部，severe严重的－在严重的情况下坚持－坚忍不拔
【反】give up（放弃）
US [ˌpɝ:.sə'vɪr] mainly approving
verb intransitive
■to try to do or continue doing something in a determined way, despite having problems 锲而不舍，坚持不懈
• It looks as if the policy will be a success, providing that the government perseveres and does not give in to its critics. 看来如果政府锲而不舍，不向批评家屈服，这项政策就有可能成功。
• The education director is persevering in his attempt to obtain additional funding for the school. 教育局长正坚持不懈地为该校争取更多资金补助。
• Despite receiving little support, the women are persevering with their crusade to fight crime. 尽管得不到甚么支持，这些妇女仍然坚持与犯罪搏斗。
persevere, insist, persist, cling, adhere
这组词都有“坚持”的意思，其区别是：
persevere: 含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。
insist: 通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。
persist: 用于褒义指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。
cling: 和to连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。
adhere: 与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含坚持不懈之意。
persevere, persistent
persevere: 只不顾一切困难，始终如一，总指好事。
persistent: 只不顾一切都坚持不论成败。
vi. 坚持；不屈不挠；固执己见（在辩论中）
 - stay, stand on

Word: papa
Front: papa
[pəˈpɑ:] (15608/9280 -1)
Back: n. <儿>爸爸
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语papa,爸爸，儿语词，词源同father,pope.引申词义教皇。
US ['pɑ:.pə] UK old-fashioned formal or US informal
noun countable
■father 爸爸
• [as form of address] "Why is the sky blue, Papa?" she asked. “天空为甚么是蓝的，爸爸？”她问道。
n. 爸爸（儿语，等于poppa）
 - dad, father, daddy, pa, da

Word: paucity
Front: paucity
[ˈpɔ:səti] (托宝 16637/18824)
Vocabulary: paucity
(once / 8312 pages)
n
The word paucity means not enough of something. If you've got a paucity of good cheer, for example, you'd better cheer up!
One good way to remember the meaning of paucity is that it's a bit like pauper, as in The Prince and the Pauper. The prince had too much money, and the pauper had a paucity. There are a lot of words that mean "little" or "small," but paucity is used when you mean specifically "not enough" or "too little." People in LA don't understand how New Yorkers can live with such a paucity of space. For what New Yorkers pay for a tiny apartment, Angelenos get a house and a yard.
WORD FAMILY
paucity
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan will result in towering structures in the wrong places, a paucity of parks, crowded schools and a continuation of nightmare-inducing traffic.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Such questions run up against the central agony of writing about Bach: the paucity of biographical information.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
But the paucity of prospective candidates younger than 70 reflects a problem for the Democrats.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 少量，缺乏，不足
分布：少数(50%)，少量(50%)
→来自拉丁语paucus,少的，小的，来自pau-ko,来自*pau,少的，小的，词源同few,poor.引申词义贫穷，贫乏。
【记】读：跑city，在全城跑，要饭的－缺乏
【反】slew（n 大量）；profusion（n 丰富）；plethora（n 过剩）
US ['pɑ:.sə.tˌi] formal
noun only singular
■when there is too little of something 缺乏
• There is a paucity of information on the ingredients of many cosmetics. 许多化妆品没有提供充足的产品成分资讯。
n. 缺乏；少数；少量
 - shortage, deficiency, short of, need, drought

Word: originator
Front: originator
[ə'rɪdʒɪneɪtə(r)] (20555/15624)
Back: n. 创作者; 发起人; 开山祖; 起因
分布：创始人(63%)，发起人(37%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■the person who first thinks of something and causes it to happen 创始人，开创者
• He is best known as the originator of a long-running TV series. 他最著名的是首创了长期连播的一部电视连续剧。
n. 发起人；起源；起因
 - birth, initiator, promoter

Word: redux
Front: redux
[ri:'dʌks] None
Vocabulary: redux
(once / 31603 pages)
adj
Redux describes something that happens all over again. Some people describe the pressure to fit in with the different groups of people at work as "high school redux."
Redux, pronounced "re-DUCKS," would be a great name for a vintage clothing store — it means something that's brought back or revived. You will find this unusual adjective after the noun it describes, like when you talk about a friend's style being 1980s redux or a recent novel seeming like Henry James redux. It sounds like reduce, to make smaller, but its meaning is basically the same as re-do.
WORD FAMILY
redux
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wanted a Cape Codder redux that downplayed the syrupy sweetness of the mixer while playing up its puckery side.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Think of it as Reagan Redux: Russian sable blankets and Lear-lock at local airports.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Turns out it’s Logan who’s the Christopher redux, and vice versa.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 回来的，回家的
分布：树脂粘结剂(100%)
adj. 回来的，回家的
 - homebound

Word: portend
Front: portend
[pɔ:ˈtend] (托宝 18414/34983)
Vocabulary: portend
(once / 3748 pages)
v
Portend means to show a sign that something calamitous is about to happen. The teetering, tottering, pile of fine china piled up after the dinner party portends an imminent crash of broken plates and dishes.
Portend is a verb warning of omens, or bad signs. Dark clouds rumbling in over a county fair in Kansas portend the thunderstorm and even tornado that is likely to ruin the festivities. Portend is a helpful way for authors to foreshadow dark events ahead in their stories.
WORD FAMILY
portend: portended, portending, portends
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even then, an overseas strategy does not portend survival, as Mr. Trump’s experience shows.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The prospect portends one of the biggest political backlashes in recent history.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Still, this year’s changes portend an academy that over time will look quite different than the academy of yesteryear.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 预示; 预兆; 给…以警告; 预告
时态：portended, portending, portends
分布：预知(50%)，预警(25%)，成为 ... 的前兆(25%)
→por-,在前，-tend,延伸，伸展，词源同extend.引申词义预示，预兆。
US [pɔ:r-] formal
verb transitive
■to be a sign that something bad is likely to happen in the future 预示，预兆，预告（坏事）
• It was a deeply superstitious country, where earthquakes were commonly believed to portend the end of dynasties. 这是一个很迷信的国家，地震被普遍认为预示着王朝的终结。
vt. 预示；预兆；意味着
 - indicate, forecast, shadow, spell, announce

Word: reintroduce
Front: reintroduce
[ˌri:ɪntrəˈdju:s] (12597/11619)
Back: vt. 再引入，再提出
时态：reintroduced, reintroducing, reintroduces
分布：再介绍(33%)，再引入(27%)，再提出(20%)，再输入(20%)
→re-,再，重新，introduce,引进。

Word: reproach
Front: reproach
[rɪˈprəʊtʃ] (研四六托雅宝 18288/14678 -1)
Vocabulary: reproach
(once / 188 pages)
vn
Reproach means to mildly criticize. If you show poor manners at your grandmother's dinner table, she will reproach you.
The verb reproach means to express disapproval or criticism of; as a noun it means blame or criticism. If you are beyond reproach that means no one could find anything to criticize about you. Synonyms for reproach are the verbs admonish, reprove, rebuke, reprimand. As a noun, reproach can also be shame. If you are caught lying, it is a reproach that might bother you for a while.
WORD FAMILY
reproach: irreproachable, reproached, reproacher, reproaches, reproachful, reproaching, self-reproach+/ irreproachable: irreproachably/reproacher: reproachers/ reproachful: reproachfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Astronomy was the subject they chose for themselves and their dedication, as conveyed in this book, was beyond reproach.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Hidden Figures” is a film of calm and bright rage at the way things were—an exemplary reproach to the very notion of political nostalgia.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Previous—and poorer, less avaricious—presidents approached such matters like Caesar’s wife, so they would be beyond reproach on issues of conflict of interest.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 责备，责骂; 使丢脸; 申斥; 损伤…的体面
n. 责备，责骂; 耻辱，污辱; 谴责; [宗]应答圣歌
时态：reproached, reproaching, reproaches
分布：责备(69%)，耻辱(20%)，申斥(11%)
→re-,相反，-proach,接近，词源同 approach.比喻用法，比较 approachable,接近的，亲切的。
责备,非难(re反+proach→接近的反面→非难)[proach=near,表示"接近"]
v./n.责备,指责The reproached coach unloaded the loaves to the approachable roadside.遭到责备的教练把面包卸到可接近的路旁.
【记】re反，proach靠近－以反对的方式靠近－谴责
【参】approach（n /v 接近；方法；irreproachable（adj 无可指责的）
【反】scurvy[nefarious]（adj 下流卑鄙的）/ culpable（adj 该责备的）－above reproach（无可指责的）
US [-'proʊtʃ] verb transitive
■to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected （尤指因为某人没成功或没达到预期目标而）责备，责怪，批评
• His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner. 他因为吃晚饭时没有把饭全吃完而受到他妈妈的责备。
• [R] You have nothing to reproach your self for/with. 你没有甚么可自责的。
UK [rɪ'prəʊtʃ] US [-'proʊtʃ] noun countable or uncountable
■when you criticize someone, especially for not being successful or for not doing what is expected （尤指因为某人没成功或没达到预期目标而）责备，责怪，批评
• The look of reproach on his face made her feel guilty. 他责备的神情让她感到很愧疚。
• Your reproaches are useless - what's done is done. 你再指责也没有用了——做过的事无法改变。
UK [rɪ'prəʊtʃ] US [-'proʊtʃ] noun countable or uncountable
be a reproach to sb/sth
■to be something that should make a person or organization feel ashamed 是…的耻辱；令…丢人现眼
• His immaculate garden was a reproach to all his less organized neighbours. 他的花园整洁有致，使得那些不太俐落的邻居们感到汗颜。
UK [rɪ'prəʊtʃ] US [-'proʊtʃ] noun countable or uncountable
be above/beyond reproach
■to not deserve any blame 无可非议；十全十美
• Your behaviour today has been above reproach. 你今天的行为无可非议。
reproach, accuse, criticism, blame
reproach: 责备，指责从个人感受出发责难别人，责难的内容不一定正确，可能是吹毛求疵的话
accuse: 指责，控告 用法be……of
criticism: 批评，评论表示辨明某一个人的优缺点
blame: 责备，批评以贬低他人的方式说话，还表示批评
reproach, accuse, charge, rebuke, denounce, scold, condemn, blame
reproach: 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
accuse: 正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用，被指控的情节可轻可重，常与of连用
charge: 常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。与with连用
rebuke: 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
denounce: 与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
scold: 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
condemn: 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
blame: 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
n. 责备；耻辱
 - blame, thumbs-down
vt. 责备；申斥
 - blame for, talk to

Word: ringgit

Word: reptile
Front: reptile
[ˈreptaɪl] (研六托雅宝 10530/10544 -1)
Vocabulary: reptile
(once / 885 pages)
n
A reptile is one of those mostly scaly and slimy animals that are cold-blooded and have backbones. Lizards and turtles? Yep — both reptiles. Puppies and kittens? No way.
There are many classes of animals. People are part of the mammal class. Another class is reptiles, which are all cold-blooded vertebrates (meaning they have backbones). Snakes, salamanders, frogs, turtles, and crocodiles are all reptiles. You'll see plenty of reptiles at the zoo, and you'll see replicas of some at a natural history museum — since dinosaurs were reptiles.
WORD FAMILY
reptile: reptiles, reptilian +/ reptilian: reptilians
USAGE EXAMPLES
And that behavior, similar to living reptiles, suggested long incubation times, he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The finding suggests that, at least in terms of hatch times, dinosaurs were more like modern reptiles than birds.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
Many less toothy animals, birds, reptiles, plants, fish and shells are legally protected.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 爬行动物; 卑鄙的人
adj. 爬虫类的; 卑鄙的
分布：爬行动物(84%)，卑鄙的人(9%)，爬虫类的(7%)
→来自拉丁语 repere,爬行，-t,过去分词格，来自 rep,爬行。
n.爬行动物The reconciled reptiles rest on a fragile tile.和解的爬行动物歇在易碎的瓷砖上.
【记】rept＝creep（v 爬），ile－爬的东西－爬行动物
【参】surreptitious（adj 鬼鬼祟祟的）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an animal which produces eggs and uses the heat of the sun to keep its blood warm 爬行动物
adj. 爬虫类的；卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty
n. [脊椎] 爬行动物；卑鄙的人
 - insect, ratfink

Word: rundown
Front: rundown
[ˈrʌndaʊn] (16333/23688 -1)
Back: n. （尤指商业）削减; 解释; 描述(~ on/of sth |通常单数); 纲要
分布：扼要报告(55%)，概要(45%)
n. 裁减；纲要
 - compendium, skeleton

Word: sequestration
Front: sequestration
[ˌsi:kwə'streɪʃn] (21154/26525)
Back: n. 扣押，没收
分布：隔离(57%)，扣押(21%)，没收(8%)，查封(7%)，隐退(7%)
n. 隔离；扣押；退隐
 - insulation, isolation, segregation

Word: skimpy
Front: skimpy
[ˈskɪmpi] (托 17532/20910)
Back: adj. （衣服）小而暴露的; <贬>（数量或大小）不足的，不够的
级别：skimpier, skimpiest
分布：不足的(59%)，吝啬的(31%)，缺乏的(10%)
→skimp,节省，吝惜，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义小的，少的，不足的。
adjective disapproving
■not large enough 不足的，不够的
• a skimpy meal 不够吃的一顿饭
■Skimpy clothing shows a lot of your body （衣服）暴露的
• a skimpy dress 又短又暴露的裙子
adj. 不足的；吝啬的
 - insufficient, short, deficient, tight, lacking

Word: skulduggery
Front: skulduggery
[skʌlˈdʌgəri] (40200/34209)
Vocabulary: skulduggery
(once / 48440 pages)
n
Skulduggery is dishonest words that are meant to trick people, like your brother's fast-talking that leaves you doing all of his chores and your own, plus giving him your allowance. He's a master of skulduggery.
Skulduggery is an alteration of the Scottish word for "adultery," sculdudrie. Lies, deceit, having a romantic relationship with someone else's spouse? Sounds like skulduggery — or using clever words to take advantage of a situation, or person — is involved. However, skulduggery can have many other goals, from lying to potential customers about what a product can do or telling voters anything they want to hear in order to secure their votes.
WORD FAMILY
skulduggery: skulduggeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This covert action by the Nixon campaign,” he said, “laid the ground for the skulduggery of his presidency.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To that end, prosecutors in Brooklyn said, the two resorted to acts of skulduggery.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Maple syrup’s circuitous journey from shack to flapjack, the trial has revealed, offers many opportunities for skulduggery, and even for violence.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 欺诈，坑蒙拐骗
分布：诡计(26%)，作假(25%)，欺诈(25%)，舞弊(19%)，=skullduggery.(5%)
→来自苏格兰方言 sculduddery,通奸，淫荡行为，词源不详。后词义委婉化为花招，欺骗。
【记】skull（n 头盖骨）；dug挖的过去式，gery－挖头盖骨的小聪明－想方设法作弊，诈骗。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■secret and dishonest behaviour 欺骗行为；诡计
n. 作假；欺诈；诡计
 - scheme, fraud

Word: stool
Front: stool
[stu:l] (研四六 5989/5459 -1)
Back: n. 凳子，高脚凳; 大便，粪便; 根株
v. 长出新枝; 排便
时态：stooled, stooling, stools
分布：凳子(65%)，大便(27%)，引诱(3%)，搁脚凳(3%)，便桶(2%)
→来自古英语 stol,凳子，来自 Proto-Germanic*stolaz,凳子，来自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,stall.
n.凳子;(pl.)大便Having played golf, the wolf in wool rested on the tool stool in the zoo.打过高尔夫球之后,穿羊毛衣的狼歇在动物园里的工具登上.
noun countable
SEAT 座位
 ADVANCED
■a seat without any support for the back or arms 凳子
• a bar/kitchen/piano stool 吧台／厨房／钢琴凳
• a three-legged stool 三脚凳
⇒ See also footstool
[stu:l] noun countable
EXCRETION 排泄 specialized
■a piece of solid waste from the body 粪便
• He told the doctor he had been passing bloody stools. 他告诉医生他便血。
armchair, chair, bench, stool
这组词都有“椅子”的意思，其区别是：
armchair: 指有扶手的椅子。
chair: 通常指带有靠背的椅子，有时也指有靠背有扶手的椅子。
bench: 指可供两人或更多人坐的长凳或石凳，多置于公园或划艇中。
stool: 多指方的或圆的无靠背无扶手一人坐的凳子。
n. 凳子； [生理] 粪便；厕所
 - john, convenience, bathroom
vt. 引诱，诱捕
 - trap, induce

Word: subsume
Front: subsume
[səbˈsju:m] (宝 15157/14637)
Vocabulary: subsume
(once / 30780 pages)
v
Subsume means to absorb or include. A successful company might subsume a failing competitor through a merger, or love may subsume you in the early stages of a romance.
Subsume is a verb that comes from the Latin words sub, which means “from below,” and sumere, which means “take.” So subsume means “to take from below,” like a sneak attack by some kind of deep-sea creature. Sailors and scuba divers should beware of monsters from the blackest depths waiting to subsume them.
WORD FAMILY
subsume: subsumed, subsumes, subsuming, subsumption+/subsumption: subsumptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
As first lady, Jackie becomes the focus for a public subsumed by fear and shock.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Better to answer with compassion, which doesn’t totally subsume the self.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
The Brooklyn Museum’s ambitions were thwarted by rival Manhattan art patrons after the once-sovereign city of Brooklyn was subsumed into Greater New York.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 归入，包括
时态：subsumed, subsuming, subsumes
分布：包含(34%)，纳入(33%)，包括(19%)，归入(14%)
→sub-,在下，向上，-sum,承担，拿起，词源同 assume,consume.引申词义归于，纳于等。
【记】sub下面，sume拿－拿在下面－包含
【区】assume（v 假定，设想）；resume（v 重来；继续）
US [-'su:m] formal
verb transitive
■to include something or someone as part of a larger group 将…归入，把…纳入
• Soldiers from many different countries have been subsumed into the United Nations peace-keeping force. 联合国维和部队吸纳来自许多不同国家的士兵。
• All the statistics have been subsumed under the general heading 'Facts and Figures'. 所有统计数据都被归入“事实和数据”这一笼统标题下。

Word: sportswear
Front: sportswear
[ˈspɔ:tsweə(r)] (雅 20580/23456)
Back: n. 运动装，休闲活动穿着的衣服
分布：运动装(81%)，休闲服(19%)
US ['spɔ:rts.wer] noun uncountable
■(used especially in shops) clothes that are worn for sports or other physical activities 运动服装（该词尤用于店铺中）
n. 运动装；休闲服
 - leisurewear, playsuit

Word: swashbuckling
Front: swashbuckling
[ˈswɒʃbʌklɪŋ] (31037/38591)
Back: adj. 恃强凌弱的，虚张声势的
n. 虚张声势；吹嘘；神气活现
分布：虚张声势的(54%)，恃强凌弱的(39%)，动词swashbuckle的现在分词形式.(7%)
→来自 swashbuckler,恃强凌弱的人，虚张声势的人，-ing,形容词后缀。拼写俗化。
US ['swɑ:ʃ-] adjective [before noun]
■behaving in a brave and exciting way, especially like a fighter in the past （尤指像旧时的斗士一般）勇猛的
• a swashbuckling hero/pirate 勇猛的英雄／海盗
• The players displayed a swashbuckling confidence. 球员们表现得非常英勇无畏。
adj. 虚张声势的；恃强凌弱的
 - blusterous
n. 虚张声势；吹嘘；神气活现
 - bravado, lifemanship

Word: throwback
Front: throwback
[ˈθrəʊbæk] (宝 15978/22673)
Back: n. 掷回; 挫折; 阻止; 大倒退
分布：返祖现象(84%)，返回(16%)
【记】throw扔，back回
US ['θroʊ-] noun countable usually singular
■a person or thing that is similar to an earlier type 返祖者；类似先前种类的东西
• He's an unappealing throwback to the days of '80s City slickers. 他是个很不起眼的人，让人联想起80年代那种对外界一无所知的城里人。
• In some ways the new applet technology is a throwback to the old pre-PC days. 在某些方面，新的小应用程式技术类似以前个人电脑出现前的技术。

Word: unhappily
Front: unhappily
[ʌnˈhæpɪli] (19190/14601)
Back: adv. 不快乐地; 悲惨地; 痛苦地; 不幸地
分布：不幸地(84%)，不快乐地(16%)
ADV
令人伤心地；令人遗憾地
You use unhappily to introduce or refer to a statement when you consider it is sad and wish that it was different.
例：On May 23rd, unhappily, the little boy died...令人伤心的是，5月23号，那个小男孩死了。
例：Unhappily the facts do not wholly bear out the theory...令人遗憾的是，这些事实并不能完全证明该理论。
adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
 - unfortunately, unluckily

Word: unabated
Front: unabated
[ˌʌnəˈbeɪtɪd] (20360/18969)
Back: adj. 不减弱的，不减退的
分布：不减弱的(65%)，不衰退的(35%)
→un-, 不，非，abated, 减弱的。
US [-tˌɪd] formal
adjective [usually after verb]
■without becoming weaker in strength or force 未减弱的；不松劲的；势头不减的
• The fighting continued unabated throughout the night. 整个晚上战斗一直很激烈。
Compare abate
adj. 不减弱的，不衰退的
 - undamped

Word: tempo
Front: tempo
[ˈtempəʊ] (研六雅宝 9998/10260 -1)
Vocabulary: tempo
(once / 3175 pages)
n
If no one is dancing at your party, you probably want to put on some music with a faster tempo — meaning a faster speed.
The word tempo came into English by way of Italian, tracing all the way back to the Latin word tempus, meaning time. It was originally used to describe the timing of music, or the speed at which a piece of music is played. For example, a soothing song would be described as a slow tempo song. Tempo is still used in this way to describe music, but you’ll also hear it used to refer to pace or speed in general, as in — "the increased tempo at the end of a close basketball game" or "the slow tempo of action in a novel."
WORD FAMILY
tempo: tempi, tempos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Em Tempo newspaper reported that several decapitated bodies were thrown over the prison wall.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In “Vision,” he adopts a slower, more deliberate tempo and constructs a weighty, imposing structure that builds in intensity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s very important because it helps us control the tempo moving forward,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [乐]速度，拍子; （运动或活动的）速度，进度; （下棋的）一着，一步
分布：节奏(84%)，拍子(11%)，速率(5%)
→来自意大利语 tempo,节拍，拍子，来自拉丁语 tempus,时间，词源同 temporal.
(音乐)拍子;速度(tempo+时间→按时间[快慢]做→速度;拍子)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
节拍;速度(temp时间＋o)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
n.节奏,行进速度;(音乐的)速度Because of the temperature tempo, I temporarily lost temper to my contemporary in the temple.由于温度进度的原因,我在庙里一时地同代人发了脾气.
【记】tem＝time，po：音乐时间－节拍
【参】temporal（adj 时间的；世俗的）；temporary（adj 暂时的）
US [-poʊ] (plural tempos or specialized tempi)
noun countable
■the speed at which an event happens （事情发展的）节奏；步调
• We're going to have to up the tempo (= work faster) if we're to finish on time. 如果我们想如期完成的话，我们必须加快工作进度。
countable or uncountable specialized
■the speed at which a piece of music is played （音乐的）速度，节奏
• a change in tempo 节奏的变化
n. 速度，发展速度；拍子
 - speed, rate, beat

Word: vicar
Front: vicar
[ˈvɪkə(r)] (宝 21524/5705 -2)
Vocabulary: vicar
(once / 615 pages)
n
A vicar is a member of the clergy who is not high-ranking but is still considered a holy representative of the church.
Vicars are set slightly below the official head of a congregation or parish, sometimes acting as an agent or substitute clergyman. Originally considered an earthly go-between for man and God, the meaning of the word moved diminished as the vicar became sort of a "deputy" priest or parson. You can find a vicar in the Church of England, and also in the Episcopal and Roman Catholic churches. Consider that "vicarious" means something taking another's place — that's what a vicar does.
WORD FAMILY
vicar: vicarial, vicars, vicarship+/vicarship: vicarships
USAGE EXAMPLES
She became best-known for her roles in The Vicar of Dibley and The Royle Family but her talents encompassed serious drama too.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Word was soon sent back from the vicar: All were welcome.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
“I didn’t want to see the images,” he said in his office at Holy Trinity Reformed Episcopal Church, where he is vicar.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. （英国国教的）教区牧师; （天主教的）主教代理; 教皇; 代理人
分布：代理人(100%)
→来自拉丁语vicis,改变，交流，继任，副职，词源同vice-president,viceroy。引申词义代牧，教区牧师。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a priest in the Church of England who is in charge of a church and the religious needs of people in a particular area （英国国教的）教区牧师，教区教堂主持
• We were married by our local vicar. 我们是由教区牧师主持完婚的。
• [as form of address] Good evening, Vicar! 晚上好，牧师先生！
n. 教区牧师，教堂牧师；传教牧师；代理人
 - deputy, agent, factor, secondary

Word: wince
Front: wince
[wɪns] (宝 8792/10809 -1)
Vocabulary: wince
(once / 1286 pages)
vn
A wince is a facial or bodily expression of pain, disgust, or regret. Think of something you've done that was really, really embarrassing or dumb: now feel your face or take a look in the mirror as you wince at the uncomfortable memory.
A moment of pain or a recollection of something painful can make you wince. It's hard not to have a physical response or a wince with a bad memory or a hurt. And wince is both a verb and a noun, so it can be an action or a result. Sometimes people don’t do anything or have any physical pain, but they wince in discomfort at what someone else does or says, as when no one laughs after a really inappropriate joke.
WORD FAMILY
wince: winced, winces, wincing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She winces at the ugliness of punk, but attempts to understand it anyway.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She kissed my hand but winced when I leaned in to kiss hers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I wince with every gulp and beg off after the sixth shot.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 赶紧避开; 畏缩，退避
n. （由于疼痛，吃惊等）畏缩，退缩; [印]（洗染布时用的）绞车，六角绞盘
时态：winced, wincing, winces
分布：畏缩(73%)，退避(18%)，战栗(9%)
→来自weng,弯，转，来自wei的扩大形式，词源同wind,wink。用于指皱眉蹙额。
【记】win赢，ce死：我要赢死你，还不快退缩。
verb intransitive
■to show pain suddenly and for a short time in the face, often moving the head back at the same time （因疼痛而）脸部肌肉抽搐，皱眉蹙额
• Did I hurt you? - I thought I saw you wince. 我弄痛你了吗？——好像看到你皱了一下眉。
• It makes me wince even thinking about eye operations. 一想到眼部手术，我就不由得眉头一皱。
vi. 畏缩，退避
 - recoil from, shrink back from
n. 畏缩；脸部肌肉的抽搐
 - backwardness, self-distrust

Word: weiner

Word: vichy

Word: watery
Front: watery
[ˈwɔ:təri] (六 10596/12039 -1)
Back: adj. 含水的，水分多的; 水一般的; 无味的; 有雨意的
分布：潮湿的(60%)，苍白暗淡的(20%)，含水过多的(20%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ.i] adjective
■containing or filled with water 含水过多的
• watery eyes 水汪汪的眼睛
• a thin, watery fluid 一种稀薄而含水多的流体
■disapproving
■(of food or drink) containing too much water and therefore weak in taste （食物或饮料）含水过多的，味道淡的
• watery soup/coffee 味道很淡的汤／咖啡
■pale or weak in colour or strength 颜色淡的；苍白无力的
• The sun shed its thin watery light over the sea. 淡淡的阳光照在海面上。
UK ['wɔ:.tər.i] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ.i] adjective
watery grave literary
■death by drowning (= dying because you cannot breathe under water) 溺水而亡
• It was off the coast of Italy that Shelley went to his watery grave. 雪丽正是在义大利海岸附近溺水而亡的。
adj. 水的；淡的；湿的；松软的；有雨意的
 - aqueous, enhydrous

Word: agility
Front: agility
[ə'dʒɪlətɪ] (托宝 14781/14489)
Vocabulary: agility
(once / 1878 pages)
n
Agility is the ability to be quick and graceful. You might have agility on the basketball court or in the courtroom, or even with your gaming remote.
The noun agility can be used for both mental and physical skills in speed and grace. Your mental agility might allow you to follow both conversations at once. Or your brother's soccer prowess shows in his physical agility. The word agility does not have to be applied to human abilities, however: "The sailboat's agility in the water made it the perfect craft for racing."
WORD FAMILY
agility: agilities+/ agile: agilely, agilest, agility
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reviewers likened the verbal agility and spitfire comedy of Ms. Fisher’s script to a Hollywood tradition that was virtually part of her DNA.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The scientists created a new metric to describe this ability, called “vertical jumping agility.”
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
To compare robots and animals, the roboticists developed a new metric to measure vertical agility.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 敏捷; 活泼; 灵活; 机敏
分布：敏捷(54%)，灵活(44%)，轻快(2%)
ADJ-GRADED
敏捷的；灵敏的
Someone who is agile can move quickly and easily.
例：At 20 years old he was not as agile as he is now.20岁时他并不如现在这般矫健。
ADJ-GRADED
机敏的;机智的
If you have an agile mind, you think quickly and intelligently.
例：She was quick-witted and had an extraordinarily agile mind.她机智聪慧，思维极为敏捷。
n. 敏捷；灵活；机敏
 - readiness, promptitude

Word: agnostic
Front: agnostic
[ægˈnɒstɪk] (宝 23380/24320)
Vocabulary: agnostic
(once / 3760 pages)
nadj
If someone believes they cannot know whether or not God exists, label them an agnostic. A bad joke: Did you hear about the dyslexic agnostic insomniac? He stayed up all night wondering if there was a dog.
In 1869, English biologist T.H. Huxley coined this noun referring to someone whose religious beliefs lie somewhere in between those of a theist and an atheist — that is, a believer and a disbeliever in God. Huxley combined the Greek prefix a-, meaning "not," with gnostos, "known." It can be used as a noun or adjective, and it can also refer to uncertainty about questions other than the existence of God: "Some philosophers remain agnostic as to whether people have free will."
WORD FAMILY
agnostic: agnostical, agnostically, agnosticism, agnostics+/agnosticism: agnosticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
As for the inspirational-teacher films such as Good Will Hunting and Dead Poets Society, again I am agnostic.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Before working on the film, he was “pantheist, agnostic, occasionally atheist and a little bit Jewish, but mostly confused”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Marissen identifies himself as an agnostic, but adds that in the vicinity of Bach’s music he will never be a “comfortable agnostic.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 不可知论者
adj. 不可知论（者）的
分布：不可知论者(70%)，不可知论的(21%)，不可知论者的(9%)
→前缀a-, 非， 没有。词根gn, 知道，同can, know. 此处用于宗教义，认为上帝不存在。
不可知论的(a不+gnost+ic→不知道的)[gnos(t),gnor=know,表示"知道"]
【源】不可知论者并不否认上帝和天堂的存在，但却认为无法确切知道他们的存在与否。agnostic这个词是由19世纪的英国科学家赫胥黎创造出来的。他用前缀 a-意为“没有，无”和名词 Gnostic造词。Gnostic与希腊词 gnosis有关，指“意识：关于精神玄奥的、神秘的意识”。 因此 Gnostic就指那些有这类意识的人。在创造 agnostic这个词时，赫胥黎把他的同伴认为是“可知论者”。
【参】diagnostic（adj 诊断的）；ignorance（n 愚昧）
US [-'nɑ:.stɪk] noun countable
■someone who does not know, or believes that it is impossible to know, whether a god exists 不可知论者（对神存在与否不能肯定或认为不可知）
• Although he was raised a Catholic, he was an agnostic for most of his adult life. 他虽然从小接受的是天主教教育，但成年后基本上是个不可知论者。
Compare atheist
UK [æg'nɒs.tɪk] US [-'nɑ:.stɪk] adjective
■having the beliefs of an agnostic 不可知论的
n. 不可知论者
 - nescient
adj. 不可知论的
 - know nothing, skeptical

Word: aplenty
Front: aplenty
[əˈplenti] (45234/33544)
Back: adj. & adv. 丰富的[地]
分布：丰富的(63%)，丰富地(25%)，极其(12%)
US [-tˌi] old use
adjective [after noun]
■available in large amounts 大量的，充裕的；绰绰有余的
• If that's not enough, there are shows, films and amusements aplenty. 如果这还不能尽兴，另外还有林林总总的表演、电影和娱乐活动。
adv. 丰富地，充裕地
 - richly, abundantly
adj. 丰富的；非常
 - abundant, full, ample, plentiful, luxurious
n. 丰富；大量
 - abundance, lots of, wealth, ocean, sea

Word: attache
Front: attache
[əˈtæʃeɪ] (20104/33911)
Vocabulary: attache
(once / 1995 pages)
1n 2n
An attaché is a thin briefcase used for carrying papers. It is sometimes called an attaché case. You may notice that in spy movies, an attaché is often swapped out by the bad guy, and then the good guy spends the rest of the movie trying to get it back.
Attaché comes from the French attacher, which literally means "attached," and it was first applied to someone working for a diplomat, such as a junior officer. Now an attaché is a technical expert assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission. If you are an expert on the customs of a certain country, you may be asked to be a cultural attaché and advice the ambassador for that country.
WORD FAMILY
attache: attaches
USAGE EXAMPLES
He began his career as an attaché at the Foreign Ministry in Athens.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In 1989, they moved to New York City, where Mr. Akay worked as the legal attaché for Turkey’s mission at the United Nations in Manhattan.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
An accelerometer about the size of a quarter attaches to a pillow and tracks tosses and turns.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <法>大使随员，大使馆专员
分布：大使随员(67%)，大使馆馆员(33%)
使馆随员(attach+e)[tach=nail表示"钉子"]
n. 专员，公使；使馆随员；大使馆专员
 - commissioner, comissioner

Word: bandy
Front: bandy
[ˈbændi] (宝 24176/20902)
Vocabulary: bandy
(once / 3888 pages)
1v 2adj
Bandy is a verb that means to toss many ideas around without focusing on just one. If you've ever brainstormed, you know what this is like — you bandy about different ideas until you find one that works.
Bandy also means to exchange blows, like in a professional fight. As a skilled heavyweight boxer, you are known to bandy with your opponent for several minutes before you knock him out. Bandy comes from the Middle French word bander which means "to strike back and forth." These days it's also used as a more general term to describe tossing or hitting any ball back and forth.
WORD FAMILY
bandy: bandied, bandier, bandies, bandiest, bandily, bandying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These notions get bandied about for ridiculous reasons,” Weinstein says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The term “hipster” is bandied about so much in the modern vernacular it, much like the word “literally”, has literally lost all meaning.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Post-truth has become “a mainstay in political commentary,” now bandied about by major publications and a favorite in headlines.
Washington Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 吵嘴，顶嘴; 传播（谣言、消息等）（常为漫不经心地）
n. 早期曲棍球
adj. 向外弯曲的
时态：bandied, bandying, bandies
分布：向外弯曲的(52%)，往复投掷(16%)，把 ... 打来打去(16%)，来回传递(16%)
→词源同band, bend, 形容腿如被绑起来的，弯的。
【记】读：绊地。绊倒在地。如果你被人绊倒在地，一定会上去与他顶嘴谈论。
adjective
■(of legs) bending out at the knees （腿）向外弯曲的，膝内翻
• I couldn't help laughing at his bandy legs. 我禁不住取笑他的外八脚。
['bæn.di] verb
bandy words old-fashioned
■to argue 吵架
• I haven't come here to bandy words with you. 我到这里不是来跟你吵架的。
['bæn.di] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bandy sth about/around
■to mention something often, without considering it carefully （随意）谈论，议论，散播
• Large figures were bandied about, but no money was ever paid. 大家都说有一大笔钱，但最后连一分钱也没有见到。
vt. 打来打去；传播
 - transmit, spread abroad
adj. 向外弯曲的
 - excurved

Word: bauxite
Front: bauxite
[ˈbɔ:ksaɪt] (宝 33523/28023)
Back: n. 铝土矿，铝矾土
分布：名词(100%)
→来自法国地名Les Baux, 在此地首次发现并以之命名。
【记】1）Baux是法国地名，xite＝site场所。Baux因产铝而知名。2）baux读：宝库，xite场所。产铝的宝库。
US ['bɑ:k-] noun uncountable
■a type of rock from which aluminium is produced 铁铝氧石，铝氧石
n. [矿物] 矾土，铁铝氧石；铝土矿
 - alumina, beauxite

Word: bard
Front: bard
[bɑ:d] (宝 17063/15819)
Vocabulary: bard
(once / 824 pages)
1n 2nv
If you’ve heard the word bard, it was probably in English class. William Shakespeare has been known as "The Bard" since the nineteenth century, but the word has a much older history, and, when it's not capitalized, it simply means "lyric poet."
In civilizations without written histories, poets and singers were the ones to spread the word from place to place and across generations. In ancient and medieval Gaelic societies, the professional storytellers were called bards (or bardds, in Wales). Irish bards were part of a chieftain's household, and their job was to record and proclaim the exploits of their lord — although a bard might also compose blistering satires if he was displeased with his employer.
WORD FAMILY
bard: bards
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also happened to be the 400th anniversary of the Bard’s death.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Off-stage politics aside, the Bard was in heavy demand in this 400th anniversary of his death.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
A comfortable, luxurious maze of a place, steps from most of what you want to do in the Bard’s abode.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 诗人
分布：诗人(62%)，吟游诗人(38%)
→词源同词根grat, 感激，歌颂。见congratulations, 祝贺。字母b,g音变。
倒钩;刺人的话(像胡子一样刺人 )[bard=beard(胡子)]
【记】读：吧哒－马蹄的声音。吟游诗人一般就是骑着马边游山玩水边作诗。对于无聊的bard就应该barbbar酒吧，d地：吟游诗人没钱了，只好给酒吧擦地！
US [bɑ:rd] noun countable literary
■a poet 诗人
the Bard
■William Shakespeare 威廉‧莎士比亚
n. 吟游诗人
 - scop, minnesinger, gleeman

Word: blond
Front: blond
[blɒnd] (六雅 4817/9014)
Vocabulary: blond
(once / 1591 pages)
adjn
Blond isn't just a word used to describe pale yellow hair, it can also be used to describe a person with such hair. We'll leave it to you to decide whether or not blonds have more fun.
There's all kinds of blonds out there from bleached to platinum to strawberry to sandy. Some people, Brits especially, will add an e to the end of blonde depending on what gender they are talking about, so that a woman is blonde while a man is blond. The addition of the "e" in the feminine form of blonde is of course a holdover from its French origin. Not only fair-haired people are described as blond; you might have seen blond wood used in Scandinavian furniture. Ikea, anyone?
WORD FAMILY
blond: blondly, blondness, blonds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Actually, it’s something of a return to the world Ms. Peevey inhabited as a cute, blond 10-year-old from Oklahoma City.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And in still another, a king’s daughter is said to be “as blond as lily pollen and the slightly gilded silver of ancient altar vases.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
And face it: Lively is at a disadvantage because she’s long-legged and blond in that California-girl way.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 亚麻色的，金色的; 浅色的; 白肤金发碧眼的
n. 肤色白皙的金发女人; 白肤金发碧眼人
级别：blonder, blondest
分布：金发的(82%)，金发的人(18%)
adj. 金发的
 - fair-haired

Word: bowel
Front: bowel
[ˈbaʊəl] (研雅 9380/4431 -2)
Back: n. 肠; 内部; 同情心，怜悯心
分布：肠(97%)，内部(3%)
→来自拉丁词botulus, 肠。进入法语脱落字母t, 写作boele, 进入英语插入字母w, 写作bowel. 词源同botulism.
n.肠;［pl.］内部,深处His bowels are open.他排便畅通.
noun countable usually plural
■the long tube that carries solid waste from the stomach out of the body 肠
• He has trouble with his bowels. 他的肠胃有问题。
• bowel cancer/cancer of the bowel 肠癌
move your bowels
■(said especially by doctors and nurses) to excrete (= pass from the body) the solid waste that is contained in the bowels （尤为医护人员用语）排便
['baʊ.əl] [baʊəl] noun countable usually plural
the bowels of sth
■the parts of something that are furthest away from the outside …的内部，…的深处
• The fire started deep in the bowels of the ship. 大火是从船的最底部烧起来的。
n. 肠；内部；同情
 - interior, inside, inner, feeling, compassion

Word: bottomless
Front: bottomless
[ˈbɒtəmləs] (16529/19955)
Back: adj. 无底的; 无限的; 裸体的; 无尽的事物
分布：无底的(49%)，深不可测的(32%)，无限的(19%)
US ['bɑ:.tˌəm-] adjective
■without a limit or end 无底的；极深的；深不可测的；无限的
• The generosity of the local people is bottomless. 当地人热情无比。
adj. 无底的；深不可测的；难解的；取之不尽的
 - mysterious, unfathomable

Word: charger
Front: charger
[ˈtʃɑ:dʒə(r)] (16169/20257 -1)
Vocabulary: charger
(once / 1508 pages)
1n 2n
A charger is the accessory you plug into your phone or laptop when the battery power is low. If you're bringing your digital camera with you on vacation, it's important to remember your charger.
Devices that are powered by rechargeable or internal batteries need a charger to keep that battery working. When you plug a laptop charger into an outlet, a jolt of electricity recharges the laptop battery's cells. An entirely different kind of charger is a war horse — a large, sturdy animal that was trained to carry soldiers in battle. This is the 18th century meaning of charger, and it's based on the verb charge and its meaning "rush into battle."
WORD FAMILY
charger: chargers+/ charge: chargeable, charged, charger, charges, charging, countercharge, discharge, overcharge, recharge, supercharge, undercharge/chargeable: chargeably/charged: uncharged/countercharge: countercharges/ discharge: discharged, discharges, discharging/discharged: undischarged/ overcharge: overcharged, overcharges, overcharging/ recharge: rechargeable, recharged, recharges, recharging/supercharge: supercharged, supercharger, supercharges, supercharging/supercharger: superchargers/undercharge: undercharged, undercharges, undercharging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Texans: Managed to lose to Chargers at home in Week 12, San Diego’s last win.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, more than a decade later, the Saints are a civic treasure and the Chargers on the verge of leaving San Diego.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The Chargers are currently considering whether to move the franchise to Los Angeles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 委托者，控诉者; [军]军官坐骑，战马; 充电器
分布：充电器(91%)，战马(7%)，大浅盘(2%)
→来自charge, 向前冲。
US ['tʃɑ:r.dʒɚ] old use or literary
noun countable
■a soldier's horse 战马，军马
n. [电] 充电器；军马；袭击者；委托者； [法] 控诉者
 - destrier, recharger

Word: chapman
Front: chapman
['tʃæpmən] (-/5503)
Back: n. 商人，小贩，叫卖者
n. 叫卖小贩；商人
 - trader, merchant

Word: coptic

Word: congratulation
Front: congratulation
[kənˌgrætʃuˈleɪʃn] (高研四六托 -/23287)
Vocabulary: congratulation
(once / 827 pages)
n
Congratulation is what you offer when someone accomplishes something positive or has a happy life event. Applause after a performance, shouting "Way to go!" or sending a nice card — all express congratulations.
The noun congratulation comes from the Latin word congratulari, which means “with joy.” The word is usually used in the plural form: congratulations. Any achievement can bring you others' congratulations, from big things like receiving an award or graduating, to more everyday things like making the swim team or getting a good grade on a test. If someone is proud of you and happy for what you've done, congratulations are in order.
WORD FAMILY
congratulation: congratulations +/ congratulate: congratulated, congratulates, congratulating, congratulation, congratulatory/congratulatory: congratulatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Helium balloons declaring “Congratulations” floated above the long table.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
If you were upset by Steve Martin’s tweet about Carrie Fisher, congratulations!
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Cervelli was the first teammate to text Nova congratulations when reports of the deal surfaced last week.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 祝贺，恭喜; 贺词
分布：祝贺(89%)，恭喜(11%)
→来自congratulate, 道贺。
n.(on)祝贺,(pl.)祝贺词Congratulations on your marriage!祝贺你喜结良缘!
noun
congratulations [plural]
 IMPROVER
■something that you say when you want to congratulate someone 祝贺（你），恭喜（你）
• "I passed my driving test yesterday." "Did you? Congratulations!" “昨天我通过了驾驶考试。”“是吗？ 恭喜你！”
• Congratulations on your engagement! 恭喜你们订婚了！
uncountable
■when you congratulate someone （对某人的）祝贺
• He sent her a note of congratulation on her election victory. 他发出贺信，祝贺她选举获胜。
n. 祝贺；贺辞
 - felicitation, gala

Word: definite
Front: definite
[ˈdefɪnət] (研四六托雅宝 6780/4082 -K2)
Vocabulary: definite
(once / 106 pages)
adj
Definite is an adjective describing something that is known for certain. For example, there is no more definite way to get into trouble with a police officer than speeding in front of the police station with a broken taillight.
This word is from the Latin definitus meaning "defined" or "limited." Definite can also be used to mean something is very clearly planned or certainly defined. If you have definite plans for the evening to go to the theater and out for a nice dinner at a steak house, you're probably not going to end up playing miniature golf and eating fast food instead.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
definitely / definitively
Use definitely and definitively when there's no doubt, but save definitely for emphasis and definitively for the final say. If you definitely want to go to a party, but your mom definitively says no, then you aren't going. Quit asking.
Definitely means something is definite — it's unmistakable and clearly defined. It's definitely getting warmer on this planet. It can also mean, "Sure" or "Yes" in response to a question. Would you like cake? Definitely! If you forget how to spell it, just think definite plus -ly (keep the e). Here are some examples of definitely in action:
'No, you don't fail,' he assures her. 'You definitely pass.' (Washington Post)
It's best to wear comfy footwear, and definitely not heels, as their spikes can get stuck in the wooden walkway. (Washington Post)
I definitely felt like a little child again, doing the things I love to do, which is play hockey. (Los Angeles Times)
Definitively is a stronger word — anything definitive is official or conclusive. If a doctor gives you a definitive diagnosis, you know exactly what's wrong. It's not a promise that something will happen; it's a done deal. Just add -ly for definitively (once again, keep the e), to say things like, The court has ruled definitively in favor of the defendant. Here are more examples:
They are obsessed with them—especially the kind that are never definitively solved. (Time)
Since 2007, the government has eluded its responsibility and has now invented this farce of a discovery to definitively seize the property. (Los Angeles Times)
It is hard to say definitively, because Apple didn't provide exact figures for comparison. (Wall Street Journal)
As you can see, while there are definitely similarities between these two words, they are at heart definitively different! And that's final.
WORD FAMILY
definite: definitely, definiteness, definitive, indefinite +/ definitive: definitively/ indefinite: indefinitely, indefiniteness, indefinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s seeing some definite returns on the time that he’s put in with regard to his recovery.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He's seeing some definite returns on the time that he's put in with regard to his recovery.”
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
The Peach Bowl features one of college football’s greatest dynasties against the definite outsider in this season’s College Football Playoff.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 明确的; 一定的; 肯定; 有把握
分布：明确的(68%)，一定的(30%)，有把握的(2%)
→来自define, 明确，界定。
明确的(de强调+fin界线+ite)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
a.明确的;一定的;意志坚强的,立场坚定的The refiner defined a definite confine with her fine finger.提炼者用她精细的手指定义了一个明确的界限.
【记】define（vt 定义；详细说明）
【反】indeterminate（adj 不确定的；模糊的）
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■fixed, certain or clear 确定的，肯定的；明确的
• The date for the meeting is now definite: 5th March. 开会的日期现在已经确定了：3月5日。
• She has very definite opinions. 她的意见非常明确。
• We need a definite answer by tomorrow. 我们需要在明天之前得到明确的答覆。
• "Are you sure I'm invited too?" "Yes, Roger was quite definite about it on the phone." “你能肯定我也受到了邀请吗？”“当然，这一点罗杰在电话中说得很明确。”
• There's been a definite improvement in your English since you arrived. 从你到这里以后你的英语确实有了进步。
['def.ɪ.nət] noun countable informal
■something that is certain to happen 确定之事
• Let's make the 9th a definite - we'll have a curry and then go to the movies. 就定在9号吧——我们先去吃咖喱饭，然后去看电影。
• She's a definite for the Olympic team. 她入选奥运会参赛队是确定的事。
specific, explicit, definite, express
这组词都有“明确的”的意思，其区别是：
specific: 强调内容明确，毫不抽象、笼统。
explicit: 指清楚明白，毫不含糊其辞，因而无任何理解困难。
definite: 指对所提到的事的范围及其细节毫无疑问，含有明确和确定界限的意味。
express: 语气较强，较正式，指不但清楚明确，而且含有直截了当和有力等的意思。
definite, certain, positive, sure
这组词都有“无疑的，确信的”的意思，其区别是：
definite: 指已毫无怀疑的余地。
certain: 与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
positive: 语气强烈，指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
sure: 侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
clear, obvious, evident, apparent, manifest, definite, plain, distinct
这组词都有“清楚的，明白的，明显的”的意思，其区别是：
clear: 普通用词，侧重清楚明白。
obvious: 语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。
evident: 指根据事实成为显然的。
apparent: 强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词appear派生而来，故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。
manifest: 语义较强，书面用词，强调一目了然，暗示不要任何推论就一清二楚。
definite: 语气肯定，着重明白无误，无可怀疑。
plain: 普通用词，含义与clear很接近，可通用，但plain着重简单明了，不复杂。
distinct: 较正式用词，指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确，不会弄错。

Word: crystalline
Front: crystalline
[ˈkrɪstəlaɪn] (托 14902/12707)
Back: adj. 水晶的; 似水晶的; 结晶质的; 清澈的
n. 结晶性，结晶度
分布：透明的(80%)，水晶做的(20%)
US [-lən] adjective
CLEAR 清澈的 literary
■clear and bright like crystal (= transparent rock) 晶莹剔透的；水晶般清澈透明的
• Her singing voice has a pure, crystalline quality. 她的歌喉纯净、清澈。
UK ['krɪs.təl.aɪn] US [-lən] adjective
SHAPE 形状 specialized
■describes a substance which has become solid, with regular shapes 结晶体
• crystalline deposits 晶状沉淀物
adj. 透明的；水晶般的；水晶制的
 - transparent, limpid

Word: eccentricity
Front: eccentricity
[ˌeksenˈtrɪsəti] (托 15942/14193)
Vocabulary: eccentricity
(once / 1737 pages)
1n 2n
Eccentricity is strange, out-of-the-ordinary, sometimes weirdly attractive behavior or dress. Sleeping with your boots on is pretty normal if you're a cowboy, but leaving them on for bedtime in your city apartment, that shows some eccentricity.
Eccentricity goes back to the Greek ekkentros, meaning "off center," and when you describe people as being a little "off," you might be talking about their eccentricity or behavior that's a bit abnormal. An eccentricity might be some really small character trait, like eating all of the green food on your plate first, or a large and very obvious characteristic, as when you ride a donkey to your suburban school instead of taking the bus.
WORD FAMILY
eccentricity: eccentricities+/ eccentric: eccentrically, eccentricity, eccentricly, eccentrics
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s about how we sometimes forgive the lunatic behaviour of artists and call it “eccentricity”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
One reason they weren’t is one of those eccentricities of football played among the really young.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Aunty Ifeoma shook her head as if the way Papa felt were just a minor eccentricity.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 古怪; 反常，怪癖; [物]偏心距; [数]离心率
分布：古怪(45%)，怪癖(34%)，离心率(15%)，古怪的行为(6%)
US [-tˌi] noun
uncountable
■the state of being eccentric 古怪；怪异；反常
• His eccentricity now extends to never washing or changing his clothes. 他的怪癖现在发展成从不换洗衣服的地步了。
countable
■an eccentric action 古怪行为；反常行为
• Her eccentricities get stranger by the day. 她的那些古怪行为日益变本加厉。
n. 古怪；怪癖； [数] 离心率
 - oddity, quirk

Word: disunity
Front: disunity
[dɪsˈju:nəti] (27186/22386)
Back: n. 不统一
分布：不统一(42%)，不团结(40%)，不和(18%)

Word: displease
Front: displease
[dɪsˈpli:z] (四六 19965/21416)
Vocabulary: displease
(once / 334 pages)
v
When you displease someone, you disappoint them or make them unhappy. Your dog's loud barking at 5 AM is sure to displease your neighbors.
The prefix dis- is often used to signify the opposite of something, and displease is no exception: it means to do the opposite of pleasing someone. Your terrible grades will displease your parents and your teachers, not to mention you, and being served your least favorite foods at your birthday dinner will also displease you. Please has a Latin root, placere, "be acceptable, be liked, or be approved."
WORD FAMILY
displease: displeased, displeases, displeasing, displeasure+/displeased: displeasedly/displeasing: displeasingly/displeasure: displeasures/pleasance: pleasances/ pleasant: pleasance, pleasanter, pleasantest, pleasantly, pleasantness, unpleasant /pleasantness: pleasantnesses/ please: displease, pleasant, pleased, pleaseed, pleaser, pleases, pleasing, pleasure /pleased: pleaseder, pleasedly/pleaser: pleasers/pleasing: pleasinger, pleasingly, pleasingness, pleasings, unpleasing/ pleasurable: pleasurablest, pleasurably/ pleasure: pleasurable, pleasures/ unpleasant: unpleasanter, unpleasantest, unpleasantly, unpleasantness/unpleasantness: unpleasantnesses/unpleasing: unpleasingly, unpleasingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Would this displease Bob Dylan, whom I would never desire to displease?
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Siemens is also keen not to displease an important group of customers: machine-tool makers that use components from Siemens.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
They’re displeased that their vote is costing them relationships with family and friends.
The Guardian(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使生气，使不愉快; 冒犯，触怒
vi. 使生气; 使不快
时态：displeased, displeasing, displeases
分布：使生气(50%)，使不高兴(25%)，使不快(25%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。please, 取悦，请。
[dɪ'spli:z] formal
verb transitive
■to cause someone to be annoyed or unhappy 使不高兴，使生气，惹火
• I wouldn't want to do anything to displease him. 我不会去做任何惹他生气的事情。
vt. 使生气；触怒
 - bring out in, disoblige
vi. 使生气；使不快
 - bring out in, jar on

Word: farmhouse
Front: farmhouse
[ˈfɑ:mhaʊs] (8393/6553 -1)
Back: n. 农舍，农场住宅
分布：农舍(84%)，农家(16%)
US ['fɑ:rm-] noun countable
■the main house on a farm where the farmer lives 农场住宅，农舍
UK ['fɑ:m.haʊs] US ['fɑ:rm-] adjective [before noun]
■describes food that is made using traditional methods （食物）传统方法制作的
• farmhouse cheddar 以传统方法制作的切达起司

Word: enclosure
Front: enclosure
[ɪnˈkləʊʒə(r)] (研六托雅宝 9856/6621 -1)
Vocabulary: enclosure
(once / 816 pages)
1n 2n
An enclosure is something that closes you in, like a pen or a cage. When a cobra disappeared from an enclosure at the Bronx Zoo, the entire Reptile House had to be shut down until the snake was found.
An enclosure can also be something that's included in an envelope with a cover letter of some sort. If you're sending a letter to your literary agent and you’re including a few pages of your latest limericks, you might put "enc." at the bottom of the letter, to indicate that you've included something extra in the envelope — an enclosure.
WORD FAMILY
enclosure: enclosures+/ close: closed, closely, closeness, closer, closes, closest, closing, closure, enclose /closeness: closenesses/closer: closers/closing: closings/ closure: closured, closures, closuring/ enclose: enclosed, encloses, enclosing, enclosure / enclosed: self-enclosed, unenclosed
USAGE EXAMPLES
In May, a three-year-old child fell into an enclosure at Cincinnati Zoo.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The dolphins will be flown to San Felipe, and remain in temporary floating enclosures, until directed to conduct a search of a certain area.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It started on May 28, when a child fell into the gorilla enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 圈占; 围绕; 圈占地; 附件
分布：围墙(48%)，附件(41%)，围绕(11%)
包围,围绕(enclose+ure)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
围占,包围(en进入+close关闭)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
n.围住,圈起,封入,附件A cage is an enclosure for birds.笼子是养鸟的地方.
US [-'kloʊ.ʒɚ] noun
SURROUNDED 围住的
countable
■an area surrounded by fences or walls 围起来的区域；围场；围地
• the members' enclosure （体育场中的）会员观众席
countable or uncountable
■when people put fences around land 圈地
• An early example of privatization was the enclosure of public land for use by wealthy landlords. 早期私有化的一个例子是，富有的地主圈占公共土地据为己有。
UK [ɪn'kləʊ.ʒər] US [-'kloʊ.ʒɚ] noun
SENT 发送
countable
■something that is put in the same envelope or parcel as something else （信或包裹中的）附件
n. 附件； [建] 围墙；围场
 - attachment, attached sheet

Word: extravaganza
Front: extravaganza
[ɪkˌstrævəˈgænzə] (14853/19860 -1)
Vocabulary: extravaganza
(once / 8277 pages)
n
Halftime at the Super Bowl, the Oscar awards ceremony, or the opera Aida performed at the Baths of Caracalla — each of these is an extravaganza, a big, splashy, extravagant entertainment or celebration.
The word extravaganza comes from the Italian word estravaganza (or stravaganza), which was an elaborate literary or musical production. When the word appeared in English in the mid-18th century, English speakers turned the estra- into extra- because after all, an elaborate entertainment could certainly be called something "extra." Aida at the Baths of Caracalla, complete with horses, astonishing costumes, and faux-Egyptian temples — now that's an extravaganza.
WORD FAMILY
extravaganza: extravaganzas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“You got to, right?” says Craig Wallace, playing in the annual “Christmas Carol” extravaganza at Ford’s Theatre.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Hundreds of surfers in Santa costumes and thousands of spectators descended Saturday on Cocoa Beach for the eighth annual Christmas Eve Surfing Santas extravaganza.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Hundreds of surfers in Santa costumes and thousands of spectators will descend Saturday on Cocoa Beach for the eighth annual Christmas Eve Surfing Santas extravaganza.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 内容狂妄的作品; 盛大表演（比赛），盛事; 狂文，狂诗，狂曲; 狂妄的言行
分布：狂妄的言行(51%)，内容狂妄的作品(33%)，豪华的演出(16%)
→来自extravagant, 挥霍。
noun countable
■a large, exciting and expensive event or entertainment 铺张华丽的娱乐表演
• a musical /dance extravaganza 场面宏大华丽的音乐剧／歌曲汇演／舞蹈盛宴
• a 3-hour extravaganza of country music 长达三小时的盛大的乡村音乐会

Word: grimy
Front: grimy
[ˈgraɪmi] (15467/16113)
Back: adj. 沾满污垢的，满是灰尘的，肮脏的
级别：grimier, grimiest
分布：肮脏的(100%)
adjective
■dirty
• The child's face was grimy and streaked with tears. 那个孩子脸上满是污垢，还流着一道道泪痕。
adj. 肮脏的，污秽的
 - dirty, filthy, squalid

Word: fauna
Front: fauna
[ˈfɔ:nə] (托 12609/9188 -1)
Vocabulary: fauna
(once / 2412 pages)
n
When you go on a nature walk in a school setting, your teacher might tell you to observe the flora and fauna in the woods. Flora is plant life; fauna refers to animals.
Fauna derives from the name of a Roman goddess, but the handiest way to remember flora and fauna is that "flora" sounds like flowers, which are part of the plant world, and fauna sounds like "fawn," and fawns are part of the animal kingdom.
WORD FAMILY
fauna: faunae, faunas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel re-created a mural of local flora and fauna that he showed at the Consortium in Dijon, France, in 2013.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A chorus mostly composed of rangers and students studying in the park finished the line: “… to save our flora and fauna.”
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
“We call this action ‘Lights of Life,’ ” said Fauna Tomlinson, a spokeswoman for the nonprofit Project Coyote.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 动物群; 动物志
→来自拉丁语Fauna, Faunua的妻子，姐妹或女儿。-a, 表阴性。瑞典植物学家林奈借用该词来指动物群，以与植物群flora相匹配。
【源】Faunus：罗马神话中的动物之神福纳斯－主管畜牧农林、自然和丰收
【区】flora（n 植物群；植物目录册）源于：Flora 芙罗拉花神（flower）
US ['fɑ:-] specialized
noun uncountable [+ sing/pl verb]
■all the animals that live wild in a particular area （某一地区的）动物群
• an expedition to explore the flora and fauna of Hornchurch Wood 考察霍恩彻奇林区动植物群的探索
n. 动物群； [动] 动物区系
 - zoology

Word: fiesta
Front: fiesta
[fiˈestə] (15170/16933)
Vocabulary: fiesta
(once / 7616 pages)
n
A fiesta is a celebration or a party. Your parents might plan a fiesta to celebrate your high school graduation.
You can use the word fiesta for any party, but it usually refers to a large feast, festival, or very extravagant party. In Spanish, fiesta means "feast," and in many Spanish-speaking places, a fiesta celebrates a saint's day or other religious occasion. The word comes from the Latin festus, "festive, joyful, or merry."
WORD FAMILY
fiesta: fiestas
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Fiesta Bowl, he tore knee ligaments and dropped to a second-round selection by the Dallas Cowboys.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Ohio State was exposed as overmatched almost as soon as the Fiesta Bowl began.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The third-ranked Tigers won in similar fashion later in the night, beating No. 2 Ohio State 31-0 in the Fiesta Bowl.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <西>（尤指西班牙和南美的）宗教狂欢节日
分布：节日(67%)，假日(33%)
→来自feast的西班牙语拼写形式。
noun countable
■a public celebration in Spain or Latin America, especially one on a religious holiday, with different types of entertainment and activities （西班牙或拉丁美洲国家的）节日，（尤指）宗教节日
n. 圣日，宗教节日；祭典；假日
 - holiday, holyday

Word: inseparable
Front: inseparable
[ɪnˈseprəbl] (12640/11336 -1)
Vocabulary: inseparable
(once / 1144 pages)
adj
People or things that are inseparable can't be separated. It's like they're glued together.
Usually, this word applies to people and is a bit of an exaggeration. Two friends who hang out every day are considered inseparable. Two people who are in love and spend most of their time together are inseparable. It's not that they can't be separated, but they don't want to be. Inseparable people love being together.
WORD FAMILY
inseparable: inseparably+/separable: inseparable, separability, separably/ separate: separable, separated, separately, separateness, separates, separating, separation, separatism, separative, separator/separateness: separatenesses/ separation: separationism, separations/separationism: separationist/separationist: separationists/separatism: separatisms, separatist/separatist: separatists/separator: separators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What is more important, saving lives or saving stones? In reality, these two are inseparable.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It depicts repugnant attitudes and practices of white supremacy that poisoned earlier generations’ achievements and that are inseparable from those achievements.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Messenger and message were inseparable; he offered himself as Exhibit A in the case for hope and change.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可分的，分不开的; 不能分离的
n. 不可分离的事物; 形影不离的好友
分布：不能分的(100%)
→in-,不，非，separable,可分开的。
adjective
■describes two or more people who are such good friends that they spend most of their time together, or two or more things that are so closely connected that they cannot be considered separately （人）形影不离的，亲密无间的；（事物）分不开的，不可分的
• When we were kids Zoe and I were inseparable. 我和佐伊在孩提时代形影不离。
• Unemployment and inner city decay are inseparable issues which must be tackled together. 失业与市中心贫民区的残破不堪是分不开的问题，必须一起解决。
adj. [数] 不可分割的；不能分离的
 - indissociable, inalienable

Word: incomer
Front: incomer
[ˈɪnkʌmə(r)] (40556/17502)
Back: n. 进来者
分布：名词(100%)
n. 进来者；移民；新来者；侵入者
 - migration, transplantation

Word: heller

Word: iridium
Front: iridium
[ɪˈrɪdiəm] (27757/-)
Back: n. 铱
分布：铱(100%)
→来自希腊语iris,彩虹，因这种金属元素散发出五彩斑斓的光泽而得名。
noun uncountable
■a very hard yellowish-white metal 铱

Word: internment
Front: internment
[ɪn'tɜ:nmənt] (18781/16963)
Vocabulary: internment
(once / 17180 pages)
n
Internment means putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime. During World War II, the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan.
Internment usually doesn’t involve a trial, so you're being held because someone thinks you might be dangerous, but there’s no proof. The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II is now widely considered to have been a terrible mistake, in that the citizens who were detained — some for as long as four years — were not traitors, but loyal Americans, and their internment caused them considerable emotional and economic hardship. Internment comes from the Latin internus, “inward.”
WORD FAMILY
internment: internments+/ intern: interned, internee, interning, internist, internment, interns, internship /internee: internees/internist: internists/ internship: internships
USAGE EXAMPLES
How many internment camps would be needed today?
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He signed the Civil Liberties Act to compensate more than 100,000 people of Japanese descent who were incarcerated in internment camps.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
The internment of Japanese people affects the daily lives of those still in the city.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 拘留
分布：拘禁(100%)
US [-'tɝ:n-] noun uncountable
■when someone is put in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war （因政治或军事原因）拘留（尤指在战时）
• an internment camp 拘留营
n. 拘留；收容
 - detention, custody

Word: insurmountable
Front: insurmountable
[ˌɪnsəˈmaʊntəbl] (托 15862/18887)
Vocabulary: insurmountable
(once / 3341 pages)
adj
The adjective insurmountable describes some barrier that is incapable of being overcome. The Great Wall of China was meant to be an insurmountable deterrent to would-be invaders.
Although the adjective insurmountable can be used to describe an actual physical barrier, it most often refers to a less tangible challenge. "The runner was disheartened because her competitor had an insurmountable lead in the race." "Because of insurmountable difficulties, the school's fall party had to be canceled. The water heater burst, raining gallons of water down on the gym, and flooding it. Since it was not a swimming party, the school wasn't able to clean up the mess in time to host the party."
WORD FAMILY
insurmountable: insurmountably+/ surmount: surmountable, surmounted, surmounter, surmounting, surmounts/surmountable: insurmountable, unsurmountable/surmounted: surmountedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1959, Raymond Williams described the seemingly insurmountable gulf between the progressive intellectuals of his day and the great bulk of the population.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Good intentions won’t begin to address a problem that’s becoming insurmountable.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
At the time, the research faced two seemingly insurmountable problems.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可逾越的; 不能克服的
分布：难以对付的(50%)，无法解决的(50%)
→in-,不，非，surmount,超越。
难克服的(in不+surmount克服+able→不能克服的)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
US [-sɚ'maʊn.tˌə-] formal
adjective
■(especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully （尤指问题或困难）难以克服的，不可逾越的
• insurmountable difficulties 难以克服的困难
• This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt. 这个小国面临着难以承受的巨额债务。
adj. 不能克服的；不能超越的；难以对付的
 - unsurmountable, unvanquishable

Word: irreverent
Front: irreverent
[ɪˈrevərənt] (托 16657/19937 -1)
Vocabulary: irreverent
(once / 1982 pages)
adj
If you are irreverent, you don’t show respect toward something, like your irreverent singing of your school's alma mater in a funny voice.
To be irreverent doesn’t necessarily mean you don't like something; it’s just that you don’t display the same honor for it that other people do. You might have a more light-hearted approach, poking fun of the way other people seem to almost blindly show their devotion. For example, when people at the Louvre are standing in hushed awe in front of the "Mona Lisa" it would be irreverent to holler "What's so great about that?"
WORD FAMILY
irreverent: irreverence, irreverently+/ irreverence: irreverences/ revere: revered, reverent, reveres, revering/ reverence: reverenced, reverences, reverencing, reverential / reverent: irreverent, reverence, reverenter, reverently / reverential: reverentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
But if one thing connects Ms. Bening’s many onscreen women, it is the mischievous confidence she brings to that simple, irreverent question, “Why not?”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Fisher also wrote two wide-ranging and irreverent memoirs.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Saturday: The Reduced Shakespeare Company abandons the Bard for its irreverent holiday season performance,“The Ultimate Christmas Show,” at BlackRock Center for the Arts.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不敬的，无礼的; 不虔诚的
分布：不敬的(49%)，无礼的(37%)，不逊的(14%)
→ir-,不，非，reverent,尊敬的。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■not showing the expected respect for official, important or holy things 不尊敬的，无礼的
• an irreverent comment/approach/attitude 无礼的批评／方式／态度
• irreverent thoughts 不敬的想法
adj. 不敬的，无礼的
 - rude, offensive

Word: irresponsibility
Front: irresponsibility
[ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ] (19863/20138)
Vocabulary: irresponsibility
(once / 7736 pages)
n
Irresponsibility is the quality of not being trustworthy or dependable. Forgetting to pick your little brother up after school would be evidence of your irresponsibility as a babysitter.
Letting your house plants die, forgetting to walk your dog, or leaving water boiling on the stove all afternoon are all examples of irresponsibility. People who act in an irresponsible way have this trait. Both irresponsibility and irresponsible have the "not" prefix ir-, and responsible, originally a French word that first meant "legally accountable for one's actions," and later "trustworthy."
WORD FAMILY
irresponsibility: irresponsibilities+/ irresponsible: irresponsibility, irresponsibleness, irresponsibly/ responsibility: responsibilities/ responsible: irresponsible, responsibility, responsibleness, responsibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A defense expert argued at trial that Couch’s wealthy parents coddled him into a sense of irresponsibility.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
In rare situations, this contributes to the hazardous irresponsibility that led to the events of last Friday.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
In fact foolishness, vulgarity, inconsistency and irresponsibility seem actually to be British inventions that have been painstakingly copied – once more – by the Americans.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 不负责任; 不承担责任
分布：不负责任(100%)
【记】responsibility（n 责任；职责）

Word: joyful
Front: joyful
[ˈdʒɔɪfl] (四六 11426/14070 -1)
Vocabulary: joyful
(once / 417 pages)
adj
Someone who's joyful is very happy. A joyful child will laugh with delight.
When you experience the feeling of joy, you're joyful. For many people, their wedding day, the birth of their children, or simply a beautiful summer afternoon can all be joyful occasions. To be joyful is beyond being happy — there is delight and a kind of bliss involved in feeling joyful. The noun joy is at the root of joyful, from the Old French joie with its Latin root of gaudere, "rejoice."
WORD FAMILY
joyful: joyfuler, joyfulest, joyfully, joyfulness+/ enjoy: enjoyable, enjoyed, enjoyer, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys/ enjoyable: enjoyableness, enjoyably/enjoyer: enjoyers/ enjoyment: enjoyments/ joy: enjoy, joyed, joyful, joying, joyless, joyous, joys, overjoy /joyless: joylessly, joylessness/ joyous: joyousest, joyously, joyousness/ overjoy: overjoyed, overjoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Sorensen, despite his wish to die, was a joyful talker who never failed to cheer up in conversation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They lip-sync the “Joyful, Joyful” choir performance from “Sister Act II,” and then Whoopi Goldberg shows up in a full habit.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“It was a special and joyful experience to share in the care of the Miller quadruplets,” said Turner.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 快乐的，高兴的; 令人开心的，使人喜悦的; 快意; 融融
分布：愉快的(58%)，高兴的(42%)
→joy,欢乐，-ful,形容词后缀。
adjective
■very happy 高兴的，快乐的
• Christmas is such a joyful time of year. 圣诞节是一年中令人快乐的时节。
• I don't have very much to feel joyful about/over at the moment. 此刻我没甚么可高兴的。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 欢喜的；令人高兴的
 - glad, fulfilling

Word: marrow
Front: marrow
[ˈmærəʊ] (托雅宝 9735/11814 -1)
Vocabulary: marrow
(once / 1643 pages)
1n 2n
The soft stuff inside of a bone is called marrow. Many people cook with marrow from beef bones and consider it a delicacy.
Dogs love to gnaw on bones, trying to get at the marrow inside, and many soups and other recipes call for marrow, which is tender and fatty. Human beings, of course, have marrow inside their bones as well, and certain diseases can be treated by marrow transplants. From this biological kind of marrow comes a figurative meaning of marrow — the essence of something. You might say, "This sentence represents the marrow of the novel."
WORD FAMILY
marrow: marrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
The drug, vadastuximab talirine, is being tested to treat acute myeloid leukemia, an aggressive cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
They are found in bone marrow, as well as other tissues such as cord blood, dental pulp and fat.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A bone-marrow flan, meant to be spread on toasted brioche with a savory mushroom marmalade, was very delicate but didn’t taste much like marrow.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 骨髓; 脊髓; 滋养品; 〈英〉食用葫芦
分布：骨髓(97%)，西葫芦(1%)，精华(1%)，活力(1%)
→来自古英语mearg,来自Proto-Germanic*mazga,来自mozgo,骨髓。后引申词义精髓。西葫芦义词源不详。
【记】marrow很narrow（adj 狭窄的）
US [-oʊ] noun
TISSUE 组织
uncountable (also bone marrow)
■soft tissue containing a lot of fat in the centre of a bone 髓，骨髓
UK ['mær.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
VEGETABLE 蔬菜
countable or uncountable UK (mainly US squash)
■a long round vegetable with a thick green or yellow skin, white flesh and a lot of seeds at its centre 西葫芦
UK ['mær.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
be chilled/frozen to the marrow mainly UK
■to be extremely cold 寒冷彻骨
n. 髓， [解剖] 骨髓；精华；活力
 - essence, energy, vitality, elite, flower

Word: licking
Front: licking
[ˈlɪkɪŋ] (29845/44878)
Back: n. 舔，舔一舔，鞭打
adv. 猛烈地
v. 舔( lick的现在分词 ); <口>打败; （波浪）轻拍; （火焰）吞卷
分布：动词lick的现在分词形式.(34%)，挫败(33%)，殴打(33%)
→来自lick,舔，比喻用法，舔脚，大败。
noun only singular
DEFEAT 打败 informal
■a defeat in a competition 败，输
• The home team were given a good licking. 主队输得很惨。
['lɪk.ɪŋ] noun only singular
PUNISHMENT 惩罚 old-fashioned informal
■when someone is hit as a punishment 鞭笞，体罚
n. 舔；舔一舔；鞭打
 - flogging, fladge
adv. 猛烈地
 - heavily, strong, hard, fiercely, violently
v. 舔（lick的ing形式）
 - lapping

Word: lux
Front: lux
[lʌks] (32111/37016)
Back: n. 勒克斯（照明单位）
分布：名词(100%)
[lʌks] (plural lux) specialized
noun countable
■a measure of the amount of light produced by something 勒克斯（光照度单位）

Word: lieu
Front: lieu
[lu:] (13855/26664 -1)
Vocabulary: lieu
(once / 1846 pages)
n
To be in lieu of something is to replace it or substitute for it. A restaurant that's run out of clams might serve French onion soup in lieu of chowder.
The word lieu originally comes from the Latin locus, meaning "place," and its meaning has stayed true to its origins ever since. Though it does have a standalone definition, "the position or function formerly held by another," this noun is most commonly encountered in the phrase "in lieu of," which means, basically, "instead of."
WORD FAMILY
lieu: lieus
USAGE EXAMPLES
The judge also ordered the 30-year-old to complete a treatment program, in lieu of spending two days in jail.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some want special elections in lieu of appointments.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Interest waned when, in lieu of detailed spending plans, Trump allies suggested the stimulus would consist of tax breaks.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 代替; 场所，处所
分布：代替(100%)
→来自古法语lieu,地方，位置，来自拉丁语locus,地方，词源同location.引申词义代替，放置。
US [lu:] formal
noun
in lieu (of)
■instead (of) 替代，取代
• The paintings were left to the nation by the Duke of Norfolk in lieu of inheritance taxes. 诺福克公爵把这些画留给了国家，以代替交纳遗产税。
n. 代替；场所
 - site, substitution

Word: recant
Front: recant
[rɪˈkænt] (托宝 19446/35980)
Vocabulary: recant
(once / 3779 pages)
v
If you're someone who speaks before you think, you may need to recant, or take back, that overly honest assessment of your friend's new haircut.
Recant comes from two Latin roots: the prefix re-, meaning "back," and the verb cantare, meaning "to sing." It has been suggested that recant was first used when someone reversed a charm, curse, or some other type of magical spell that would have been chanted or sung. Regardless of whether this is true or not, we suggest that you refrain from singing when you need to recant — unless you've been casting nasty spells on people.
WORD FAMILY
recant: recantation, recanted, recanting, recants+/ cant: canted, canting, cants, recant /recantation: recantations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in an affidavit filed along with Mr. Williams’s request for a new trial, Ms. Smith recanted that account.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Another recanted his cash-bribe confession during a subsequent trial on appeal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Despite one of the alleged victims recanting her story and several witnesses providing conflicting testimony, an all-white jury convicted Patterson and sentenced him to death.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 撤回（声明），放弃（信仰或主张）
时态：recanted, recanting, recants
分布：撤回(56%)，放弃主张(22%)，公开宣布(22%)
→re-,向后，往回，-cant,唱，吟唱，词源同 chant,cantor.比喻用法。
撤消;[cant,cent=sing,song,表示"唱,歌"]
【记】re反，cant唱一唱反调一改变信仰re反，cant读：砍他－反过来砍他一刀
【反】affirm（v 断言）；reaffirm（v 重申）
[rɪ'kænt] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to announce in public that your past beliefs or statements were wrong and that you no longer agree with them 公开宣布放弃（以前的信仰）
• After a year spent in solitary confinement, he publicly recanted (his views). 在被单独监禁了一年后，他公开宣布放弃（他的观点）。
vt. 放弃；撤回
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: prix
Front: prix
[pri:] (-/26983)
Back: n. 奖金，价格
分布：名词(100%)
n. （法）奖金；价格
 - price, bonus, value, rate, figure

Word: mileage
Front: mileage
[ˈmaɪlɪdʒ] (雅 9688/11457 -1)
Back: n. 英里数，里程; 好处，利润; （按英里计算的）运费; 〈美〉（公务员出差时）按英里支付的旅费
分布：英里数(83%)，汽车里数津贴(17%)
→来自mile,英里，-age,名词后经。
英里数(mile英里)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
noun uncountable
DISTANCE TRAVELLED 距离
■the distance that a vehicle has travelled or the distance that it can travel using a particular amount of fuel 英里数；英里里程；某固定油量的行车里程
• 'What's the mileage on your car?' 'Oh, about 40 000'. “你的车跑了多少英里了？”“哦，大约四万了。”
• Smaller cars have better mileage and so cost less to run. 汽车越小，同等油耗下跑的里程就越远，因此使用成本也越低。
['maɪ.lɪdʒ] noun uncountable
MONEY FOR TRAVEL 交通费 (also mileage allowance)
■the amount of money that you are paid or that you must pay for each mile you travel 按英里计算的交通补贴；按英里计算的收费
• The car costs £30 a day to rent, but you get unlimited mileage (= no charge for the miles travelled). 租一辆汽车每天的费用是30英镑，但不限里程数。
['maɪ.lɪdʒ] noun uncountable
ADVANTAGE 好处 informal
■the advantage that you can get from a situation 利益；好处
• There's no mileage in complaining to the Director - she'll just ignore you. 向主任投诉没有用——她根本不会理你。
• political mileage 政治利益

Word: permissive
Front: permissive
[pəˈmɪsɪv] (托宝 18103/15236)
Vocabulary: permissive
(once / 11963 pages)
adj
Being permissive is the opposite of being strict. Permissive parents let their kids stay up later and have more sweets.
A permissive person is a little more lenient or loosey-goosey with the rules. A permissive teacher is easier on the students and lets them get away with more. A permissive coach will cut players slack during practices and games. Laws can be permissive too — about drugs, guns, and other things that could be tightly controlled. A permissive society is one with more freedom. When a situation is permissive, there's permission to do more things.
WORD FAMILY
permissive: permissively, permissiveness, unpermissive+/ impermissible: impermissibility, impermissibly/ permissible: impermissible, permissibility, permissibly/ permission: permissions/ permit: permissible, permission, permissive, permiting, permits, permitted, permitting/unpermissive: unpermissively, unpermissiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The results of this permissive parenting are catastrophic.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Castro’s direct democracy was parsimonious regarding elections but permissive of shrugs.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
Team Obama repeatedly urged Congress to pass a new AUMF, but Republicans called the White House draft too restrictive and Democrats found it too permissive.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 宽大的; 放任的; 自由的; 容许的
分布：许可的(44%)，放任的(25%)，纵容的(17%)，获准的(14%)
→来自permit,许可，-ss,过去分词格。引申词义纵容的，放纵的。
准许的;纵容的(per＋miss＋ive)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
过分纵容的(per全部+miss送,给...全部给出去)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】permiss允许，ive过分－纵容的
【参】permission（n 许可；允许）
US [pɚ-] adjective
■A person or society that is permissive allows behaviour which other people might disapprove of 纵容的，放纵的
• It's a very permissive school where the children are allowed to do whatever they like. 这是一所放任自流的学校，孩子可以为所欲为。
• He claims that society has been far too permissive towards drug taking. 他宣称社会对吸毒问题过于姑息。
adj. 许可的；自由的；宽容的；（两性关系）放纵的
 - free, kind, allowable

Word: sera
Front: sera
[ˈsɪərə] (-/17814)
Back: n. 浆液; 血清; 免疫血清; 树液(serum的复数); （动物体内的）浆液( serum的名词复数 ); <医>血清; <医>（一剂）免疫血清
分布：血清(93%)，浆液(4%)，血浆(2%)，名词serum的复数形式.(1%)
US ['sɪr.ə] noun plural of
■ serum
n. 血清；浆液
 - serum, lymph

Word: renter
Front: renter
[ˈrentə(r)] (14297/-)
Back: n. 租贷人
分布：承租人(60%)，出租人(24%)，佃户(16%)
→来自 rent,租金，-er,人。即收租者，出租人。后词义反转的主要用于指承租人。
US [-tˌɚ] US
noun countable
■someone who pays money to live in a house or an apartment that someone else owns 租户；租房者；房客
n. 承租人；佃户；房东；（英）影片出租商
 - lessee, landlord

Word: reek
Front: reek
[ri:k] (托宝 14513/19334 -1)
Vocabulary: reek
(once / 1570 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
It smells absolutely rotten and offensive. Birds are falling from the sky because of the fumes. You might throw up from one whiff. Whatever it is, it reeks.
Shakespeare famously wrote about the "breath that from my mistress reeks," but that's not a nice way to talk about a girlfriend. The word usually describes smells, but can also be used to suggest something fishy, as in "the suspicious transactions reeked of mob involvement." But noses everywhere agree: Whether it's coming from your sneakers or from the aftermath of a shady deal, if something reeks — it stinks to high heaven.
WORD COUNT
A Delicately Deodorized Word Bouquet
There's no nice way to put it: as we reach the peak of temperature and humidity levels in much of the northern hemisphere, we all too often find ourselves confronted by things — and yes, people — who smell. And even if we'd like to turn up our nose, for once let's take a giant whiff. Or at least an etymological one.
Words for things that are smelly often have interesting histories, because they are related to taboo subjects. And like those subjects themselves, their power and force emanates from — or, one might even say, is redolent of — their uncivilized nature.
We don't like to talk about it. In American English, using the verb smell without an object, as in "What smells?" is an accusation, implying that something really powerful and unpleasant, something we would rather not dignify by naming, is perfuming the air. (The answer to the question "What smells?" is almost never "Roses.") A similar elision occurs in American English when the verb drink occurs without an object — the dreaded alcohol can only be assumed. An insistence that "I don't drink" is not a protestation that one doesn't imbibe liquids in general or that one takes them intravenously, it is a culturally acceptable expression of one's status as a teetotaler.
Even though we often do know perfectly well what we are smelling, when we do decide to name it, we'll more likely softshoe it with something like funky, rather than naming the odor point blank. And although it may depress you if you are surrounded by funky smells all the time, the two uses of the word funk, "depression" and "bad smell," are not etymologically related. The latter is from dialectical French funkiere, "to smoke." The sense here is that someone has blown smoke on you and you have been "stifle[d] with offensive vapor." And in spite of the modern coolness surrounding funk musicians, there's nothing modern about funk as in skunk. It dates all the way back to the 17th century.
Funk is not the only old word for a bad smell that comes from the idea of smoke; in the peeyoo-smoke category we also find reek. Although primarily used in present-day English as a verb to mean "to have or emit a foul odor," the noun originally meant "smoke from burning material." Although exactly where reek comes from is uncertain, it is probably from a Scandinavian source like Old Norse reykr; this Old Norse root, as a verb reykja "to smoke" provides the name of Iceland's capital Reykjavik (-vik means "bay"). So yes, Reykjavik is the "reeking bay" city, but to locals, this concept connotes wonderfully smoky Icelandic hot springs, not sulphuric eruptions or even just that hotel room that wasn't as smoke free as the hotelier had promised.
Was it ever possible to tell your sweetheart how much you love their stench and still have them be your sweetheart? If you were living in the twelfth century or earlier, maybe. Stench's association with a bad, or even evil, odor has been prevalent since the thirteenth. In fact, this very old word used to be part of a verbal paradigm in previous versions of English that no longer exists in our language.
In Old English, stincan was an intransitive verb that meant "to emit a smell" and stench was the causative form, meaning roughly, "to cause to emit a smell." Other verb pairs that were related to each other in this way include drink/drench (whose ancestral form meant "make drunk" three hundred years before the current word took on its modern day meaning of "wet thoroughly"),  shrink/shrench ("cause to shrink") and sink/sench ("cause to sink"). These causative forms were replaced by transitive forms (as in "You sunk my battleship!"), but while a causative form for drink might come in handy when accusing your friends of daring you too go too far at the bar, and a causative of shrink would be useful when arguing with a dry cleaner, mostly the language gets along fine without these forms.
Speaking of causation, can you cause yourself to smell something or is it just a side effect of breathing? Before you answer, think about the difference between what happens when you sniff. The interesting thing about this word is that, before this came to suggest the action of a bloodhound, sniff described an "expression of scorn or contempt." Possibly related to snyvelen, which also contributes to our word snivel, the contemptuous sniff dates from 1729, and the word is not recorded as a synonym for smell until 1845.
Which can only make one wonder: as we evolved from the age of the chamberpot and semi-seasonal-at-best bathing, how are we only now acquiring words to delicately allude to our nasal suffering?
Want to get more specific about odor in the air? Check out this 10-word vocabulary list: Something Smells: From "Malodorous" to "Mephitic" to "It Reeks!"
WORD FAMILY
reek: reeked, reeking, reeks+/reeking: reekingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They squeeze into a cramped outhouse with a reeking pit to scoop buckets of human excrement with their bare hands.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Armed with a list of what he needs, he and a colleague, Orion Hernandez, climb into a beat-up van reeking of McDonald’s.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The buildings, which reek of disinfectant and manure, form extraordinarily efficient egg-producing machines.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 恶臭; 水蒸汽; 雾; 烟
vi. 发出浓烈的臭气; 散发臭气; 冒烟
vt. 散发; 用烟熏; 发出…的气息
时态：reeked, reeking, reeks
分布：恶臭(39%)，水蒸汽(25%)，明显带有(12%)，放出恶臭(12%)，有 ... 气味(12%)
→来自古英语 rec,冒烟，来自 Proto-Germanic*raukiz,冒烟，冒气，来自 reug,呕吐，打嗝， 来自 reu,怒吼，嚎叫，拟声词，词源同 Reykjavik.该词原为中性词，后用于指散发臭气。
[ri:k] informal
verb intransitive
■to have a strong unpleasant smell 发出臭味；发出难闻的气味
• Her breath reeked of garlic. 她一吐气就有一股难闻的大蒜味。
[ri:k] informal
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  reek of sth
■If an event or situation reeks of an unpleasant quality, it seems to be caused by or connected to that quality 明显带有，充满（令人不快的特性）
• His promotion reeks of favouritism. 他的升职明显有偏向的成分在内。
vi. 散发；冒烟；放出臭气
 - smoke, fume
n. 臭气；水蒸汽；烟
 - smoke, malodor
vt. 散发；用烟熏
 - steam, shed

Word: rowan
Front: rowan
[ˈrəʊən] (39547/22181)
Back: n. 欧洲花楸，美洲花楸，花楸浆果
分布：名词(100%)
→缩写自 rowan-tree,最终来自 reudh,红色的，词源同 red,ruby.因这种灌木结的红色浆果而 得名。
US ['roʊ-] noun countable
■a small tree with small bright red fruit 花楸树；红果花楸
n. 花楸（一种山梨）
 - mountain ash

Word: retard
Front: retard
[rɪˈtɑ:d] (六托宝 17082/22219)
Vocabulary: retard
(once / 1102 pages)
vn
To retard something is to slow it down. A lack of fresh fruit and vegetables can retard the growth of a young child.
This word should be used with a lot of caution. Calling someone who's mentally retarded — or of low intelligence — a retard is considered very offensive by many people. That use should be avoided. On the other hand, this is a harmless word when used as a verb. While skiing, a heavy, bulky jacket could retard your progress down the mountain. Keeping a plant out of sunlight would retard its growth. When you see retard, think slow and "Use with caution."
WORD FAMILY
retard: retardation, retarded, retarding, retards+/ retardation: retardations/ retarded: retardedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He denies that it’s his voice on recordings that describe the disabled as “retards” and “dysfunctional.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She mocks liberal “snowflakes” as being overly sensitive to name-calling, but says she is bothered when people use the word “retard.”
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
The court ruled in 2002 that executing the “mentally retarded” violated the Constitution.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使减速，妨碍，阻止，推迟
vi. 减慢，受到阻滞
n. 减速，阻滞，延迟
时态：retarded, retarding, retards
分布：阻止(35%)，妨碍(28%)，减速(15%)，迟延(10%)，拖住(7%)，受到延迟(5%)
→re-,向后，往回，-tard,缓慢，词源同 tardy.引申词义延缓，阻碍。
延迟,妨碍(re一再+tard→一再慢下来→延迟)[tard=slow,表示"慢"]
【记】re反复，tard迟缓－妨碍
【参】tardy（adj 缓慢的）；retarded（adj 智力迟钝的）
【反】speed up（加速）；accelerate（v 加速）；expedite（v 加速）；catalyze（v 催化；促进）；precipitate（v 促成）
US [-ˈtɑːrd] formal
■to make something slower 阻碍；减缓
• A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth. 利率提高会严重阻碍经济发展。
noun countable UK [ˈriː.tɑːd] US [-tɑːrd] offensive
■a stupid or mentally slow person 智力迟钝者；弱智；笨蛋
• I'm not playing with him, he's a total retard. 我才不跟他玩呢，他整个一大笨蛋。
vt. 延迟；阻止；妨碍；使减速
 - dispute, let, stem, block
n. 延迟；阻止
 - prevention, check, detention

Word: shimmer
Front: shimmer
[ˈʃɪmə(r)] (雅宝 14417/21462 -1)
Vocabulary: shimmer
(once / 1404 pages)
vn
When you shimmer you shine, although sometimes quite weakly.
A shimmer is small and sometimes weak, and in danger of going out, but it's there all the same and often beautiful. You know how silk catches the light and shines in lovely ways? That's a shimmer. How about when you feel like it's the end of the world but there's a little piece of you that believes things are going to get better? That's a shimmer of hope. Or when you open a door to a dark room and the light from the hall falls into the darkness? That's a shimmer of light.
WORD FAMILY
shimmer: shimmered, shimmering, shimmers, shimmery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shimmering red specimens, streaming into the light: this is beautiful in an appalling way.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He saw the shimmering reflection of the Gulf of California and wondered about the world beyond.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a shimmering memorial to a late president few Russians miss and an era most would rather forget.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 闪烁，发微光
n. 微光; 闪光
时态：shimmered, shimmering, shimmers
分布：闪光(47%)，微光(46%)，摇曳的光(7%)
→来自古英语 scimerian,闪光，闪烁，来自 Proto-Germanic*skim,照耀，闪光，来自 skai, 照耀，闪光，词源同 shine,sheen.-er,表反复。
【记】shim＝shine发光，mer源于：glimmer（n /v 闪烁）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shine in such a way that the light seems to shake slightly and quickly 发出微弱的闪光，闪烁
• She could see her reflection in the water, shimmering in the moonlight. 她能看到水中自己的倒影在月光下闪烁。
UK ['ʃɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun only singular
■when something shimmers 微弱的闪光，闪烁
n. 微光；闪光
 - glimmer, gleam
vi. 闪烁；发闪烁的微光
 - spark, coruscate
vt. 使闪烁
 - flicker

Word: southward
Front: southward
['saʊθwəd] (16602/23409)
Back: adv. & adj. 向南方（的）
分布：在南方的(35%)，南方(33%)，往南方的(16%)，往南(16%)
US [-wɚd] adjective
■towards the south 向南的
• We walked in a southward direction. 我们向南走。

Word: stomp
Front: stomp
[stɒmp] (8646/20607 -1)
Vocabulary: stomp
(once / 5605 pages)
vn
When you stomp, you thud your feet down heavily as you walk. An angry teenager might stomp down the hall and slam the door to his room.
A little boy in big cowboy boots might stomp around the house enjoying the sound of his heels against the floor, and an awkward marching band could stomp heavily down the street playing the theme from "Rocky." You can also use the word stomp to describe a specific kind of stamping dance. This meaning has been around since about 1912, from popular jazz slang. The earlier stomp was simply a variation on the word stamp.
WORD FAMILY
stomp: stomped, stomper, stomping, stomps+/stomper: stompers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before the transformation was complete we moved our store back to our original stomping grounds in North Oakland.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
When Martin stomped in, he admitted that he’d driven to his paternal grandfather’s lake house and seen Noah there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The first time, other inmates broke her nose, and the second time, they stomped on her and knocked her unconscious, she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 跺脚，重踩; 顿足爵士舞
v. 跺脚，重踩; 践踏
时态：stomped, stomping, stomps
分布：重踏(60%)，跺脚舞(20%)，顿足爵士舞乐曲(20%)
US [stɑ:mp] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk with intentionally heavy steps, especially as a way of showing that you are annoyed 迈着沉重的步子走；（尤指）怒气冲冲地走
• She stomped up the stairs and slammed her bedroom door. 她跺着脚上了楼，重重地关上寝室的门。
• He woke up in a bad mood and stomped off to the bathroom. 他一觉醒来心情不佳，踩着重步走向浴室。
intransitive or transitive US for * stamp (FOOT) .
UK [stɒmp] US [stɑ:mp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  stomp on sb/sth mainly US to step down hard on someone or something 重踏，重踩
• I stomped on his toes and ran away. 我使劲跺了一下他的脚趾，然后跑了。
■mainly US
■to treat someone or something badly, or to defeat them 粗暴对待，虐待；打败
• This is another example of the big companies joining together to stomp on small businesses. 这又是一个大公司联合起来搞垮小企业的例子。
vt. 跺脚，重踩；践踏
 - stamp foot, tromp
n. 跺脚，重踩；顿足爵士舞
 - stamp

Word: ss

Word: thyself
Front: thyself
[ðaɪˈself] (27407/24636)
Back: pron. （用作第二人称单数反身代词）你自己
分布：名词(100%)
[ðaɪ'self] old use
pronoun
■yourself; reflexive form or strong form of thou ; used when speaking to one person 你自己，你本人

Word: uninhabited
Front: uninhabited
[ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd] (托 19593/18836)
Back: adj. 无人居住的，无人烟的，荒凉的; 杳无人烟; 渺无人烟
分布：无人居住的(82%)，杳无人迹的(18%)
杳无人迹的(un无+inhabit居住+ed→无人居住的)[habit=dwell,表示"居住"]
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■describes a place with no people living in it （地方）无人居住的，荒无人烟的
• an uninhabited island 无人居住的岛屿
adj. 无人居住的，杳无人迹的
 - unpopulated, tenantless

Word: watercolour
Front: watercolour
[ˈwɔ:təkʌlə(r)] (-/7379 -1)
Back: n. 水彩画; 水彩画颜料（等于watercolor）
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚˌkʌl.ɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a paint which is mixed with water and used to create pictures, or a picture which has been done with this type of paint 水彩（颜料）；水彩画
• I prefer painting with watercolours. 我较喜欢水彩画。
• some lovely watercolours 一些可爱的水彩画
n. 水彩画；水彩画颜料（等于watercolor）
 - watercolor painting, aquarelle

Word: waft
Front: waft
[wɒft] (宝 11800/15432 -1)
Vocabulary: waft
(once / 1307 pages)
nv
When your grandmother cooks her famous spaghetti sauce, many wonderful smells may waft from the kitchen. In other words, the air will gently carry this familiar aroma throughout the house.
Though the verb waft usually involves movement through air, it has watery roots. A "wafter" was a convoy ship in the 16th century, and these words may have derived from the similar looking wave. Waft can refer to scents, sounds, and even smoke. So, if your grandmother’s sauce begins to burn, smoke could waft from the kitchen as well.
WORD FAMILY
waft: wafted, wafting, wafts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The smell of chorizo wafted over the crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Our ancestors thought that “miasma”—the misty, vaporous stenches that waft from swampland—caused fatal diseases.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Odors from a nearby sewage treatment plant wafted through the air.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 吹送，飘送; 使飘荡; 漂浮
n. 一股; 一阵微风; 飘荡; 风信旗
时态：wafted, wafting, wafts
分布：飘荡(55%)，飘浮(20%)，风信旗(13%)，一股(6%)，一阵微风(6%)
→词源不详，可能来自wave变体，波浪，引申义飘荡。
【记】源于：raft（n 筏）－漂浮的感觉
US [wɑ:ft] literary
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) move gently through the air （使）（在空气中）飘荡
• A gentle breeze wafted the scent of roses in through the open window. 一阵微风将玫瑰的香味从敞开的窗子里送了进来。
• The sound of a flute wafted down the stairs. 长笛的声音飘到了楼下。
UK [wɒft] US [wɑ:ft] literary
noun countable
■a smell or smoke which moves through the air （使）（在空气中）飘荡
• Caroline caught the heady waft of the other woman's perfume. 卡洛琳闻到了另一个女人身上散发出来浓烈的香水味。
• A waft of smoke engulfed her. 她身上透着一股烟味。

Word: valiant
Front: valiant
[ˈvæliənt] (托宝 16441/14720 -1)
Vocabulary: valiant
(once / 543 pages)
adj
It was pretty courageous of the automaker Plymouth to name a car the "Valiant" in the 1960s and 70s because that term usually refers to a hero or describes a really determined, or valiant, effort that doesn't end well.
Synonyms for valiant include "heroic" and "courageous," so it isn’t surprising that those who serve in the military often are called valiant. The 14th-century French origins of the word are "bold" or "of worth," which makes the adjective valiant a good one for describing ordinary people who put all they have into something, making their efforts valiant, even if they fail. The Plymouth Valiant, by the way, was considered a strong and successful car, though valiant usually refers to people.
WORD FAMILY
valiant: overvaliant, valiancy, valianter, valiantest, valiantly +/valiancy: valiancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite our valiant efforts to be comprehensive, our oversights are numerous.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Perhaps we are witnessing the beginning of the end of liberal democracy, and all our valiant efforts to resist are bound to fail.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
It was all a valiant attempt to force the federal government to follow the law.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 勇敢的，英勇的; 坚定的
n. 勇敢的人，勇士
分布：英勇的(37%)，勇敢的(32%)，勇士(22%)，勇敢的人(9%)
→来自拉丁语valere, 强健的，勇敢的，词源同value。
勇敢的(val+iant)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
【记】val力量，iant：有力量的－英勇的
【参】valor（n 英勇）
【反】pusillanimous＝craven（adj 胆小的）
adjective
■very brave or bravely determined, especially when things are difficult or the situation gives no cause for hope 英勇的，勇猛的；果敢的
• The company has made a valiant effort/attempt in the last two years to make itself more efficient. 公司在过去两年里为提高效率进行了不懈的努力／大胆的尝试。
adj. 英勇的，勇敢的
 - bold, game, brave, gallant
n. 勇士；勇敢的人
 - brave, warrior

Word: wahhabi

Word: workout
Front: workout
[ˈwɜ:kaʊt] (4403/20061 -1)
Back: n. 锻炼; 练习; 试验
分布：健身(71%)，练习(25%)，考验(4%)
US ['wɝ:-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a period of physical exercise 身体锻炼期
• a light workout 运动量小的锻炼
n. 锻炼；练习；试验
 - practice, exercise, proof, experiment, try

Word: wholehearted
Front: wholehearted
[ˌhəʊlˈhɑ:tɪd] (26982/20289 -1)
Back: adj. 全心全意，全神贯注的，真挚的
adv. 全心全意地
分布：全心全意的(59%)，诚恳的(41%)
adj. 一心一意的
 - absorbed, unbendable

Word: whine
Front: whine
[waɪn] (宝 7913/12684 -1)
Vocabulary: whine
(once / 813 pages)
nv
When you whine, you complain in a pitiful, annoying way. Your younger sister will whine if your piece of cake is bigger than hers.
Whine is both a noun and a verb. The verb means "to complain bitterly." Kids tend to cry or even yell when they whine, though most adults settle for constant griping and an unwillingness to let it go already. "Poor me" and "It isn't fair" — these are common whines. Whine can describe a high-pitched, screeching noise, like the squeak made by an old, broken machine.
WORD FAMILY
whine: whined, whiner, whines, whiney, whining, whiny+/whiner: whiners
USAGE EXAMPLES
And most important, stop whining, particularly about the fact that Trump did not win the popular vote.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But Michael’s probing the perks and challenges of celebrity, its sheen and the ways in which it redefines life, was more than simple whining.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet, many of you -- nominally well-educated NYT readers -- believe the race problem in this country is over and that blacks "need to stop whining."
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出哀叫声; 哼哼唧唧地说; 发呜呜声
vt. 哀诉，诉怨
n. 哀鸣; 悲嗥声; 牢骚，抱怨
时态：whined, whining, whines
分布：抱怨(43%)，牢骚(25%)，发牢骚(18%)，哭诉(9%)，闹声(5%)
→拟声词。
【记】读：why？在哀号的时候总是说way？为什么才考了240分？
verb intransitive
■to make a long, high, sad sound 发出哀鸣；发出哀叫声
• Leon's dog was sitting by the door whining, so I thought I'd better take it for a walk. 利昂的狗蹲在门口呜呜直叫，所以我觉得最好带它散散步。
■disapproving
■If you whine, especially as a child, you complain or express disappointment or unhappiness repeatedly （尤指小孩）不停地嘀咕，哼哼唧唧
• Alice, if you carry on whining like that I won't take you - do you understand! 爱丽斯，如果你继续那样嘀嘀咕咕，我就不带你了——明白了吧！
[waɪn] noun countable usually singular
■an unpleasant high sound or voice 刺耳的尖声
• the whine of a circular saw 圆锯刺耳的尖声
• She delivered the speech in a high-pitched nasal whine. 她演讲时声音尖锐刺耳，鼻音很重。
vi. 发牢骚；哭诉；嘎嘎响；发呜呜声
 - complain, pinge
n. 抱怨；牢骚；哀鸣
 - complaint, beef

Word: assiduous
Front: assiduous
[əˈsɪdjuəs] (托宝 30389/20970 -1)
Vocabulary: assiduous
(once / 1132 pages)
adj
If you call someone assiduous, it's a compliment. It means they're careful, methodical and very persistent. Good detectives are classically assiduous types.
Assiduous comes from two Latin words: assiduus, meaning "busy incessant, continual or constant," and assidere, meaning "to sit down to" something. (Funnily enough, we also get the word sedentary, meaning someone who doesn't move around much, a lazy couch potato, from this same last word.) Although we tend to think of sedentary types as being the very opposite of assiduous ones, many assiduous activities (like writing, thinking, or detective work) are best done sitting in a chair.
WORD FAMILY
assiduous: assiduity, assiduously, assiduousness+/ assiduity: assiduities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Moyle’s assiduous re-creation of Turner’s adventures present a man willing to risk his life for art.
Washington Post(Oct 17, 2016)
Through assiduous documentation, Glassner then showed that the various “crises” striking fear in the hearts of Americans were not crises at all.
Salon(Oct 02, 2016)
A spokeswoman for UKA said the email highlighted just how assiduous the organisation is in ensuring that classification is done fairly and robustly.
The Guardian(Sep 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 刻苦的; 勤勉的; 殷勤的; 百折不挠的
分布：勤勉的(54%)，刻苦的(46%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. 词根sid, 坐，同sess, -ss, 过去分词格。坐得住冷板凳的，勤勉的。
勤奋的(as+sid坐+uous→一再坐着[学习]→勤奋)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
勤勉的,刻苦的(as一再+sid+uous→一再坐着[学习]→勤勉的)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
勤勉的(as+sid坐...直坐在那里学习)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】as一再，sid坐，uous形容词后缀表示多－坐得多的－勤勉的
【参】assiduity（n 勤勉）；preside（v 主持）；insidious（adj 阴险的）
【反】remiss（adj 玩忽职守的）；desultory（adj 散漫的）；slipshod（adj 漫不经心的）；
[ə'sɪd.ju.əs] formal
adjective
■showing hard work, care and attention to detail 专心致志的；勤勉的
• assiduous research/efforts 锲而不舍的研究／努力
• an assiduous student 勤奋的学生
• The Government has been assiduous in the fight against inflation. 政府一直在不遗余力地遏制通货膨胀。
adj. 刻苦的，勤勉的
 - diligent, industrious

Word: ale
Front: ale
[eɪl] (12830/6628 -1)
Vocabulary: ale
(once / 825 pages)
n
Ale is a particular type of beer. Ale would be a good thing to order if you ever visit a pub in Britain.
Ale is yeast-fermented beer, brewed with sweet-tasting malted barley, and often with hops, to balance the sweetness with a more bitter flavor. In Britain, ale is considered to be any beer "other than lager, stout, or porter," while in the US ale is distinguished by the style of fermentation. The Old English origin of ale is ealu, "ale or beer." The Proto-Indo-European root has an implied meaning of "sorcery, magic, and intoxication."
WORD FAMILY
ale: ales
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Black Horse is listed on the National Inventory of Historical Pub Interiors as a classic Victorian era real ale pub.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
When Los Angeles Ale Works opens in mid-January, it will be the first brewery and tasting room in Hawthorne.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This is a dark, hoppy ale worth keeping in your fridge until spring.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 浓啤酒; （英国产）麦芽酒; （英国乡村的）麦芽酒节
分布：麦芽酒(85%)，乡下啤酒节(15%)
→来自PIE *alu, 苦的。词源同alum, 矾土。
noun countable or uncountable
■any of various types of beer, typically one that is dark and bitter 麦芽啤酒
• brown ale 棕色麦芽啤酒
n. 麦芽酒
 - yill

Word: ancillary
Front: ancillary
[ænˈsɪləri] (宝 17119/11870)
Vocabulary: ancillary
(once / 23405 pages)
adj
If you use the adjective ancillary to describe your position you are subordinate or supporting something or someone else.
The adjective ancillary originally meant "relating to maidservants" from the Latin, but the element of a female servant has fallen away and now the word merely refers to a position as helpful or subordinate. An example of how something in medicine can be ancillary is after you have surgery you may also take a drug to aid healing — the drug would be considered ancillary to the surgery. One could also argue that in the United States the vice-president takes an ancillary role to the president.
WORD FAMILY
ancillary
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his band of enthusiasts are looking for other, ancillary evidence for a need for an Acadiana World Heritage Site.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Some writers groused about ancillary things: Dylan is rich and famous enough already!
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
There are a slew of ancillary issues that also surround the talks, including roster size and scheduling issues.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 辅助的; 补充的; 附属的; 附加的
n. 助手，随从
分布：辅助设备(39%)，辅助的(28%)，附属的(20%)，助手(13%)
→来自拉丁词ancilla, 女工，助理。来自前缀ambi-, 两，周围。词根kel, 转，圈，同cycle, 圈。
【源】拉丁语ancilla（女仆）
【记】an一个，cillary读：希拉里。一个希拉里。克林顿的老婆，一个成功男士背后的女人，即是家庭主妇，又是辅助老公执政的好帮手，不过现在小克变成了家庭妇男，小希翻身做了州长了。【轻松一刻】克林顿：当时我的手距离那个女秘书的大腿只有0 01公分，但是四分之一炷香之后，全世界都会知道我是一个色狼，因为我决定办一件蠢事儿。虽然我生平办过无数件蠢事儿，但是这一件是最蠢的……莱温斯基：总统先生，请你放尊重点儿……克林顿：你应该质问我，我也应该死，曾经有一个最好机会可以让我甩掉希拉里，但是我没有珍惜。等每天回家后才追悔莫及。人世间最痛苦的事莫过于此，你就让我摸一把吧！不要再推辞了，如果上天能够给我一个重来的机会，我会对希拉里说:"离婚！" 如果非要加一个形容词，我希望是“一万年”！对不起，为了打击克林顿，我使用了粗话，请不要介意！
【反】paramount（adj 极为重要的）
US ['ænt.sə.ler.i] adjective
■providing support or help; additional; extra 辅助的，补充的；附属的，附加的
• ancillary staff/workers 辅助人员／工人
• an ancillary role 配角
• Campaigning to change government policy is ancillary to the charity's direct relief work. 除了直接采取救援行动外，慈善组织还大力展开活动，以促成政府改变其政策。
adj. 辅助的；副的；从属的
 - assistant, helping, dependent, deputy, auxiliary
n. 助手；附件
 - friend, assistant, aid, attachment, mate

Word: broadsheet
Front: broadsheet
[ˈbrɔ:dʃi:t] (30621/22318)
Back: n. 宽幅印刷品（如报纸、广告等）
分布：仅印一面的大幅纸张(100%)
US ['brɑ:d-] UK
noun countable
■a newspaper that is printed on large paper, or an advertisement printed on a large sheet of paper 大幅报纸；大幅广告
• In Britain, the broadsheets are generally believed to be more serious than the tabloids. 在英国，人们通常认为大报比小报更严肃。

Word: auditorium
Front: auditorium
[ˌɔ:dɪˈtɔ:riəm] (研托雅宝 9580/14417 -1)
Vocabulary: auditorium
(once / 2687 pages)
n
Whenever you check out a concert or a play, you sit in an auditorium — that is, the section of a theater or concert hall reserved for the audience. You can try sitting on the stage, but you'll probably be thrown out.
Sometimes auditorium refers to the whole building where performances take place, not just the area for the audience. As the spelling of the word suggests, it's related to the word auditory, meaning "something related to hearing." In fact, auditorium is a Latin term meaning "a place where something is heard," — and of course, as high school and college students know all too well, that can mean lectures as well as concerts or plays.
WORD FAMILY
auditorium: auditoria, auditoriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
NOTES: Seattle CB Richard Sherman did not hold his normal weekly availability in the team’s auditorium, rather speaking briefly to reporters at his locker.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The auditorium on the far side of the resort is filled with 100 or so bleary eyed 20-somethings.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The crew recently used the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium to play itself as the venue for the 1963 Academy Awards ceremony.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 观众席，听众席; 礼堂，会堂
分布：礼堂(85%)，观众席(15%)
礼堂;讲堂(audit+orium场所→听的场所)[audi,audit=hear,表示"听"]
n.观众席,听众席;会堂,礼堂The auditorium is crowded on Sundays.礼堂周日都很拥挤.
US [ˌɑ:.dɪ'tɔ:r.i-] (plural auditoriums or auditoria)
noun countable
■the part of a theatre, or similar building, where the people who are watching and listening sit （剧院等的）听众席，观众席
• No smoking in the auditorium. 观众席中禁止吸烟。
mainly US
■a large public building such as a theatre 剧院；礼堂；音乐厅
n. 礼堂，会堂； [建] 观众席
 - assembly hall, assembly room

Word: bowler
Front: bowler
[ˈbəʊlə(r)] (17066/5835 -2)
Back: n. （板球）投球手; 圆顶高帽
分布：投球手(63%)，圆礼帽(21%)，玩滚球的人(16%)
→词源同ball, 球。
US ['boʊ.lɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who bowls (= throws the ball) , especially in cricket 板球投手
fast/pace bowler
■a bowler who bowls the ball fast 快速球投手
• It isn't easy to score runs against pace bowlers. 与快速球投手比赛得分不容易。
spin bowler
■a bowler who spins the ball so that when it hits the ground it bounces in an unexpected way, making it difficult to hit 旋转球投手
UK ['bəʊ.lər] US ['boʊ.lɚ] noun countable
HAT 帽子
■a bowler hat 常礼帽，圆顶高帽

Word: borderland
Front: borderland
[ˈbɔ:dəlænd] (20314/26927)
Back: n. 边疆，边境; （介乎两种品质或思想、学科等之间的）边缘领域; 边地
分布：边陲(68%)，朦胧之境(16%)，边界地方(16%)

Word: coconut
Front: coconut
[ˈkəʊkənʌt] (6812/10179 -1)
Vocabulary: coconut
(once / 3161 pages)
n
A coconut is a large, nut-like fruit that grows high in trees. Coconuts have very hard shells and sweet, white flesh inside.
The white, flaked coconut you can buy in a bag at the grocery store is a processed form of the coconut fruit. Coconuts are large brown balls that must be cut or sawed open — inside the shell is the coconut meat, and clear coconut water. To use coconut for baking, it has to first be grated and, often, sweetened. The word comes from coco, "grinning face," in Portuguese, which may refer to the three face-like holes in a coconut shell.
WORD FAMILY
coconut: coconuts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is vegan, and it tastes like tapioca flavored with coconut.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Big Tree is now Indonesia’s largest organic food company and the biggest producer and manufacturer of coconut sweeteners in the world.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She then mixes it with coconut milk, tops it off with ginger beer and garnishes it with fresh curry leaves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [植]椰子; [植]椰肉
分布：椰子(100%)
→来自葡萄牙语。coco, 狰狞的，nut，坚果。因该热带水果剥掉外层皮后，从底部看去如同狰狞的脸而得名。
US ['koʊ-] noun
countable
■a large fruit like a nut with a thick, hard brown shell containing hard white flesh which can be eaten and a white liquid 椰子
uncountable
■the white flesh of the coconut, often used in cooking （常用于烹饪的）椰肉
• grated/shredded coconut 椰蓉／椰丝
n. [园艺] 椰子；椰子肉
 - cokernut, cocos nucifera

Word: characterisation

Word: cocky
Front: cocky
[ˈkɒki] (13940/20403 -1)
Vocabulary: cocky
(once / 5480 pages)
adj
Cocky means "overly self-confident," like a cocky announcement at the beginning of the season that your soccer team will win the championship without even trying.
Cocky originally meant "lecherous," or lustful, but evolved to mean "arrogantly pert" in the 1700s. Cocky people don't usually stop at bragging about themselves — they'll cut you in line at the grocery store, because they think they are too important to wait. Synonyms for cocky are conceited, egotistical, and the phrase "full of himself/herself."
WORD FAMILY
cocky: cockier, cockiest, cockily, cockiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Green, cocky pilots fresh from the lower 48 tend to forget that rule just once.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“In high school there was a perception that he was cocky. He’s actually hesitant about his ability, unsure about his potential and shy and quiet.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Perry found nearly every major power guilty of cocky assumptions about the enemy, faulty intelligence and political bumbling.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂妄自信的; 骄傲的，自大的; 过于自信的
级别：cockier, cockiest
分布：骄傲的(47%)，自大的(46%)，太过自信的(7%)
US ['kɑ:.ki] informal disapproving
adjective
■describes a young person who is confident in a way that is unpleasant and sometimes rude 狂妄自负的；趾高气扬的；骄傲的
• He's a bit cocky for my liking. 他有点狂妄，我不喜欢。
adj. 自大的；骄傲的；过于自信的
 - arrogant, pompous

Word: contraption
Front: contraption
[kənˈtræpʃn] (14544/18927)
Vocabulary: contraption
(once / 9002 pages)
n
A contraption is a device that has a specific purpose and is often overly complicated. If your dad yells, “Get that contraption out of here!” He doesn’t appreciate the Rube Goldberg machine you made out of his golf clubs.
The word is English, all right, but how it got here is a mystery. It may be from a combination of contrive and adaptation. Contraptions — also called gadgets or gizmos — are devices people make for various purposes. Often, this word is used when someone isn't quite sure what something is, as in "What's that contraption?" Oh that’s just a dog-walking machine made of a roller skate, bacon, and four paper clips.
WORD FAMILY
contraption: contraptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then Lincoln helps operate the contraption that seals the tray with plastic wrap, while Aidan places fruit or dessert in a bag.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
So he created a device to deter them, and on Dec. 11 set up an alluring bait box containing the contraption.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
So he devised a device to deter them, and set up an alluring bait box containing the contraption Dec. 11.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 奇妙的装置，新发明
分布：奇妙的装置(100%)
→来自contrive和deception的合成词。
noun countable
■a device or machine that looks awkward or old-fashioned, especially one that you do not know how to use （尤指不知如何使用的）笨拙的装置；过时的机器；奇怪的玩意
• Whatever's that strange contraption you've got in the garage? 你车库里那个奇怪的装置到底是甚么？

Word: colonialist
Front: colonialist
[kə'ləʊnɪəlɪst] (27181/37211)
Back: n. 殖民主义者
分布：殖民主义者(72%)，殖民主义者的(28%)
US [-'loʊ-] adjective
■relating to colonialism 殖民主义的
• the colonialist powers 殖民主义列强
• colonialist ideology 殖民主义的意识形态
UK [kə'ləʊ.ni.əl.ɪst] US [-'loʊ-] noun countable
■a supporter of colonialism 殖民主义者

Word: cognition
Front: cognition
[kɒgˈnɪʃn] (10977/22519)
Vocabulary: cognition
(once / 4175 pages)
n
Cognition is the act of thinking, perceiving, and understanding. It's cognition that makes it possible for you to learn a foreign language.
The word cognition is most often used in scholarly or formal writing about learning and thinking, though you can also use it to describe what happens when you use your brain power to complete a crossword puzzle or remember math equations for a test. Cognition comes from the Latin verb cognoscere, meaning "a getting to know, or knowledge," combining com-, "together," and gnoscere, "to know."
WORD FAMILY
cognition: cognitions, precognition +/ precognition: precognitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of his insights is that people often engage in something called “identity-protective cognition.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The results showed improved cognition, attention, posture, balance and sensorimotor performance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The act of running may not seem to require much thought, but a new study suggests that it enhances cognition.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 认识，认知
分布：认知(67%)，认识(32%)，认识力(1%)
→co-, 强调。-gn, 知道，了解，词源同can, know.
认知,认识(cogn+ition)[cogn=know,表示"知道"]
US [kɑ:g-] formal or specialized
noun uncountable
■when you think or use a conscious mental process 认识；认知
• a book on human learning, memory and cognition 一本关于人类学习、记忆和认知过程的书
n. 认识；知识；认识能力
 - awareness, information, knowledge of

Word: connivance
Front: connivance
[kəˈnaɪvəns] (托 33617/32854)
Vocabulary: connivance
(once / 5289 pages)
n
If your principal overlooks cheating on standardized tests because it makes his school look better, he is guilty of connivance, or allowing an unethical act to take place.
If your siblings conspire to play a prank on you, you could say they are conniving to trick you. If your mother knew about it, but chose to allow the act to happen, you'd probably be pretty angry at her connivance. Or you could follow the old saying, "Don't get mad, get even!"
WORD FAMILY
connivance: connivances+/ connive: connivance, connived, connives, conniving / conniving: connivingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This process of polarisation and mutual alienation culminated last Friday with Obama’s active connivance in the passing of a landmark UN security council resolution.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Mr Kaczynski believes the Polish state was captured by a cosy, treacherous elite after 1989, with the connivance of the EU.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Journalistic institutions stand accused of facilitating Trump’s rise, through reportorial lassitude or outright connivance with him for the sake of ratings.
Washington Post(Sep 21, 2016)
Back: n. 默许，纵容
分布：纵容(53%)，默许(33%)，共谋(11%)，=connivence.(3%)
noun uncountable
■when someone connives, especially by knowing that something bad is happening and allowing it to continue 默许；纵容；放任
• Their appalling treatment of their child could only have happened with the connivance of their neighbours. 他们对孩子的可怕虐待如果没有邻居的纵容是不会发生的。
n. 纵容；默许；假装不见
 - acquiescence, tacit consent

Word: demobilise

Word: deranged
Front: deranged
[dɪˈreɪndʒd] (宝 21292/24243 -1)
Vocabulary: deranged
(once / 4359 pages)
adj
Deranged means insane. You've probably read headlines about deranged murderers, but someone might also be called deranged for bizarre behavior like wearing a bathing suit while skiing.
Crazed, insane, demented, unbalanced, and unhinged are all synonyms for deranged. The literal meaning for deranged was originally “out of order," so think of it as describing someone whose thoughts are not in order. The madwoman in Bronte’s Jane Eyre is a classic deranged character: “In the deep shade, at the farther end of the room, a figure ran backwards and forwards. What it was, whether beast or human being, one could not, at first sight tell.”
WORD FAMILY
derange: deranged, derangement, deranges, deranging+/derangement: derangements
USAGE EXAMPLES
This included five police officers gunned down in Dallas in July by a deranged U.S.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Later, his attacks on her were followed by death threats from the then-candidate’s deranged fans.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
In an interview with reporters in Rome, the Italian director Franco Zeffirelli, who hadn’t seen the movie, called it “truly horrible and completely deranged.”
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 疯狂的; 神经错乱的; 混乱的
v. 使（精神）错乱(derange的过去分词和过去式)
分布：疯狂的(91%)，动词derange的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
→de-, 向下，脱离。range, 范围，排列。即脱离顺序，引申义发狂的。
精神错乱的(精神排列混乱)[range=rank,表示"排列,顺序"]
adjective
■completely unable to think clearly or behave in a controlled way, especially because of mental illness 精神错乱的，发狂的，疯狂的
• a deranged criminal/mind/personality 疯狂的罪犯／混乱的头脑／狂躁的人格
• to be mentally deranged 精神错乱
adj. 疯狂的；精神错乱的
 - crazy, possessed, mad, insane, crack-brained
v. 使（精神）错乱（derange的过去分词和过去式）；扰乱
 - unbalanced

Word: deduce
Front: deduce
[dɪˈdju:s] (研四六雅宝 13290/7733 -1)
Vocabulary: deduce
(once / 1181 pages)
v
To deduce is to figure something out based on what you already know. When you see a person crying, it's easy to deduce that the person is sad. Unless they're happy, of course. Sometimes happy people cry.
Derived from the Latin ducere, meaning "to lead," a person who deduces something is "leading" their mind from one idea to the next. Deduction is a noun from the verb deduce: it's what we call something that we learn when we deduce. Sherlock Holmes, the famous investigator created by Arthur Conan Doyle, was a master of deduction. He could deduce from a few small clues all of the facts of a murder case.
WORD FAMILY
deduce: deduced, deduces, deducible, deducing, deductive +/ deductive: deductively
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he conducted a cursory search on the model and deduced that type of aircraft usually carries soldiers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
By using a complex mathematical method called radial velocity, they witnessed the planet’s gravitational effect on its star and deduced that it must be there.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
She deduces a long-lasting head cold may stem from her inability to wed Nathan Detroit after umpteen years of trying.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 推论，推断; 演绎; 追溯根源
时态：deduced, deducing, deduces
分布：推断(82%)，演绎(18%)
→de-, 向下。-duc, 拉，引导，词源同induce, conduct. 即向下引导，演绎，推论。
推论,演绎(de向下+duce引→向下引→推论)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
vt.(from)演绎,推断,推论It's deduced that the induced fluctuation does no good to the reproducing productivity.据推断,诱导波动对复制生产率没有好处.
【记】de向下，duce引导－一步一步向下引导－演绎
【参】deductive（adj 推论的；演绎的）
US [-'du:s] verb transitive
■to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts 推断，推论
• We cannot deduce very much from these figures. 我们无法从这些数字中推断出太多东西。
• [+ that] The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening. 警方推断他肯定是在昨天晚上离开公寓的。
induce, deduce, reduce
这是一组形近易混词。
induce: v.引诱，劝；引起，导致。
 • We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.   我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。
deduce: v.推断，推理，演绎。
 • My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.   我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推断她生气了。
reduce: v.减轻，减小；降低。
 • He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.   他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。
conclude, judge, gather, infer, deduce
这组词都有“推断”的意思，其区别是：
conclude: 指得出符合逻辑的结论。
judge: 多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。
gather: 指从听到的情况推测、判定。
infer: 指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。
deduce: 指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎。
vt. 推论，推断； [数] [计] 演绎出
 - understand, reason, conclude

Word: dobson

Word: devious
Front: devious
[ˈdi:viəs] (托宝 18198/11624 -1)
Vocabulary: devious
(once / 3380 pages)
adj
Devious describes someone who tends to lie and to trick other people. Devious credit card companies lure younger and younger people into debt with offers of low interest rates and even just free t-shirts.
Devious sometimes just describes a path that is not direct, a meaning that can be traced to the Latin adjective devius "out of the way," formed from the prefix de- "off" plus via "way, road." The related English verb deviate means to do something different or unexpected, and the adjective deviant describes behavior that is not considered normal or morally correct.
WORD FAMILY
devious: deviously, deviousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
When those attempts fail, though, they resort to more devious means.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
His film is entirely, stubbornly unapologetic in its devious amorality, delivering cattle-prod shocks without warning and offering up 2016’s most compelling “nasty woman”.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Mr. LeCun said he disagreed with the portrayal of AI technology as a looming and devious threat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 迂回的，曲折的; 不光明正大的，不正直的; 不坦诚的，狡猾的; 不正当
分布：狡猾的(39%)，迂回的(31%)，弯曲的(18%)，不正直的(12%)
误入歧途的(de偏离+vi+ous)[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
【参】deviousness（n 不诚实＝dishonesty；道路弯曲）
adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的
■describes people or plans and methods that are dishonest, often in a complicated way, but often also clever and successful 会算计的，会耍手腕的，精心设计的
• You have to be a bit devious if you're going to succeed in business. 要想在生意场上取得成功就必须会耍点手腕。
• a devious scheme 精心策划的计谋
['di:.vi.əs] adjective
NOT DIRECT 间接的
■not direct 迂回的，间接的
• He took a rather devious route which avoids the city centre. 他选了一条相当绕远的路以避开市中心。
adj. 偏僻的；弯曲的；不光明正大的
 - remote, lonely, curve

Word: disobey
Front: disobey
[ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ] (高 15476/18583)
Vocabulary: disobey
(once / 1231 pages)
v
When you don't follow the rules — especially when they come from a teacher, parent, boss or other authority figure — you disobey.
A first-grader disobeys his teacher when he can't help running in the halls of the school, and a dog will disobey your shouted commands if you haven't trained her very well. When you obey someone's rules, you follow them strictly. The verb disobey combines the Latin obedire, "serve, pay attention to, or listen," with dis, which here means "not." The original Latin version of disobey, inobedire, used in rather than dis.
WORD FAMILY
disobey: disobeyed, disobeying, disobeys+/ obey: disobey, obeyed, obeying, obeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its rabbi, Zalman Melamed, wrote a tract calling on soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces to disobey orders to evacuate “Jewish settlements in Israel.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
What’s interesting to me is how the images are being used: are the police abusing their power, or is this woman disobeying the law?
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Smith told investigators Gunn disobeyed instructions and fought with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 不服从，不顺从
时态：disobeyed, disobeying, disobeys
分布：违反(57%)，不服从(43%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。obey, 服从。
US [-ə-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to refuse to do something that you are told to do; to not obey 违反，违抗，不听从
• How dare you disobey me! 你竟敢不听我的话！
• disobey orders 违抗命令
v. 违反；不服从
 - be in breach of, run counter to

Word: drainage
Front: drainage
[ˈdreɪnɪdʒ] (六托雅宝 7695/5718 -1)
Back: n. 排水，放水; 排水系统; 排走物，废水; 排水区域
分布：排水(74%)，排水系统(19%)，污水(7%)
排水(drain排干)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
【记】drain（v /n 排水）
【反】tonic（n 增进健康之物）－draining（n 耗尽）
noun uncountable
■the system of water or waste liquids flowing away from somewhere into the ground or down pipes 排水系统；排污系统
• drainage channels/ditches/systems 排水渠／沟／系统
■the ability of soil to allow water to flow away 土壤排水能力
• These plants need a sunny spot with good drainage. 这些植物需要种植在阳光充足的地方，土壤排水能力要强。
n. [农工] [建] 排水；排水系统；污水；排水面积
 - wastewater, bailing

Word: gonna
Front: gonna
[ˈgənə] None
Back: n. <美>将要
分布：名词(100%)
US ['gɑ:.nə]
■mainly US informal for
■going to 即将，将要；打算
• What are you gonna do? 你要干甚么？
UK ['gə.nə] US ['gɑ:.nə]
  Common Learner Errors  gonnaRemember: gonna is only used in informal English. In ordinary or more formal language, don't say 'gonna', say going to.

Word: heartfelt
Front: heartfelt
[ˈhɑ:tfelt] (12265/18472 -1)
Vocabulary: heartfelt
(once / 2549 pages)
adj
If something is heartfelt, it's sincere and warm. It's clear from your elderly neighbor's heartfelt invitation that she genuinely wants you to come over for tea and cookies.
When you're profoundly grateful to your favorite teacher, you'll offer her your heartfelt thanks. And when your best friend's dog dies, you'll give him your heartfelt sympathy. Things that are heartfelt are deeply emotional, believed or felt very strongly. The word dates from the 18th century, from heart, with its Old English root heorte, "heart, spirit, or mind."
WORD FAMILY
heartfelt
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem is a heartfelt work that grapples with pain and injustice, with unfairness and disillusionment.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
So, he keeps speaking, spreading the word about mental illness one heartfelt speech at a time.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
While big and glossy still works, it’s just possible that odd and heartfelt will, too.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 衷心的; 诚挚的; 真诚的; 深切
分布：衷心的(100%)
US ['hɑ:rt-] adjective
■strongly felt and sincere 衷心的，诚挚的
• heartfelt relief 由衷的宽慰
• formal Please accept my heartfelt apologies/thanks. 请接受我诚挚的道歉／感谢。
adj. 衷心的；真诚的；真心真意的
 - sincere, devout

Word: experimenter
Front: experimenter
[ɪk'sperɪməntə(r)] (12705/17029)
Back: n. 实验者
分布：实验者(81%)，实验人员(19%)
N-VAR
实验
An experiment is a scientific test which is done in order to discover what happens to something in particular conditions.
例：The astronauts are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness...那些宇航员正在进行一系列实验，以更多地了解身体如何适应失重状态。
例：...a proposed new law on animal experiments...有关动物实验的最新法规提案
VERB
（用…）做实验
If you experiment with something or experiment on it, you do a scientific test on it in order to discover what happens to it in particular conditions.
例：In 1857 Mendel started experimenting with peas in his monastery garden...1857年，孟德尔开始在修道院的菜园里用豌豆做实验。
例：The scientists have experimented on the tiny neck arteries of rats...科学家们已经在老鼠细小的颈动脉上做了实验。
N-VAR
试验;试用
An experiment is the trying out of a new idea or method in order to see what it is like and what effects it has.
例：As an experiment, we bought Ted a watch.我们试着给特德买了一块手表。
例：...the country's five year experiment in democracy...该国5年来对民主的尝试
VERB
进行试验;试用
To experiment means to try out a new idea or method to see what it is like and what effects it has.
例：...if you like cooking and have the time to experiment...如果你喜欢烹饪而且有时间尝试的话
例：He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with bold ideas.他认为应该鼓励学生们将大胆的观念付诸试验。
n. 实验者，试验者
 - trier, treves

Word: heckle
Front: heckle
[ˈhekl] (宝 23067/23692 -1)
Vocabulary: heckle
(once / 5937 pages)
1v 2vn
To heckle is to challenge or harass someone. At a sporting event, fans sometimes heckle the opposing team, but it’s not very respectable behavior.
One of the many challenges of being a stand-up comedian is dealing with people harassing you from the audience. Those people are heckling. While heckling in a comedy club is not all that unusual, it’s still rude. If you choose to heckle someone, whether they are a comic or anyone else, be prepared to be heckled back — or worse.
WORD FAMILY
heckle: heckled, heckler, heckles, heckling+/ heckler: hecklers/heckling: hecklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spencer was hissed and heckled throughout, evidently relishing the dissent as an opportunity to mock and taunt his critics.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Among the crowd pleasers, he heckled the “crooked media,” prompting boos from the audience, and reiterated his pledge to criminalize flag burning.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Video of the incident surfaced after Howard boasted to the media about how he doesn’t allow the heckles of Laker fans to bother him.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 责问演说者; 诘问; 以麻梳梳理
n. 麻梳; 梳理; [印]针排
时态：heckled, heckling, heckles
分布：以麻梳梳理(44%)，激烈质问(42%)，使困惑(14%)
→来自keg,齿，钩子，词源同hook,hack.用于指麻梳，梳理黄麻的梳子，由于黄麻比较粗糙，梳理时需要用很大力，因此引申词义简单粗暴，责问，诘问。
【记】heck读：黑客，le乐：黑客可以在别人的主页上嘲笑反对别人，使别人尴尬或生气，从而自己没事儿偷着le。
【参】hack（v 乱砍；n 雇佣文人）；hackneyed（adj 陈腐的；常见的）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to interrupt a public speech or performance with loud unfriendly statements or questions 打断；诘问；激烈质问；（对…）起哄
• A few angry locals started heckling (the speaker). 一些愤怒的当地人开始（对演说者）起哄。
vt. 诘问；激烈质问；以麻梳梳理
 - cross examination
n. 麻梳
 - hatchel

Word: hearty
Front: hearty
[ˈhɑ:ti] (六 10166/14279 -1)
Vocabulary: hearty
(once / 157 pages)
1adj 2adj
Hearty describes abundant, full, and satisfying things, and lively, strong, and enthusiastic people. A bowl of thick chili with cheese and a glass of milk is hearty. A spoon of water with a grape? Not so hearty.
You can't miss the "heart" in hearty. Words like "wholehearted" and "half-hearted" also have "heart" and are a help in remembering the adjective hearty. If you put your whole heart into anything from walking a dog to saying good morning to your friends, you're hearty and full of life. Something half-hearted is weak and not hearty. A loud laugh that fills a room is very hearty; you can almost feel its fullness. If it comes from the heart and adds well-being and happiness, it's probably hearty.
WORD FAMILY
hearty: heartier, heartiest, heartily, heartiness, heartyly+/ heart: heartless, hearts, hearty / heartless: heartlessly, heartlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few minutes later, hunters quietly slurp down with plastic spoons the first course: warm, rich broth, tender pasta, hearty meat.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Thus this lasagna recipe, an exceedingly hearty dish that uses Bolognese sauce, bechamel sauce, two kinds of cheese — and chicken livers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
All were hearty, fatty and satisfying, although a little too salty.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 衷心的，热诚的; 健壮的，精神饱满的; 丰盛的; 猛烈的
n. 朋友们，伙伴们; （英国大学的）运动员
级别：heartier, heartiest
分布：丰盛的(54%)，衷心的(32%)，热烈的(12%)，亲切友好的(2%)
→heart,心，心脏，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:r.tˌi] adjective
ENTHUSIASTIC 热情的
■enthusiastic, energetic, and often loudly expressed 热情的；精力充沛的
• a hearty welcome 热情的欢迎
• a hearty laugh 开怀大笑
UK ['hɑ:.ti] US ['hɑ:r.tˌi] adjective
LARGE 大的
■large or (especially of food) in large amounts （尤指食物）大量的，丰盛的
• We ate a hearty breakfast before we set off. 我们出发前吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
• She's got a hearty appetite (= she eats a lot). 她的胃口很好。
■old-fashioned
■very great 强烈的
• She has a hearty dislike of any sort of office work. 她对任何一种办公室工作都极为反感。
adj. 衷心的；丰盛的；健壮的；精神饱满的
 - devout, stuggy
n. 朋友们；伙伴们
 - guys

Word: hideout
Front: hideout
[ˈhaɪdaʊt] (18499/34698)
Vocabulary: hideout
(once / 14812 pages)
n
A hideout is a secret place where someone can take refuge. Criminals or outlaws often lie low in a hideout to avoid being found by the police.
A car thief might use his grandmother's apartment as a hideout to avoid detection. A group of ten year-olds might also have a hideout, a place that's protected from parents, bullies, older siblings, and anyone else who might interfere. Before the first use of hideout, in the 1880s, came the verb phrase hide out, or "hide from authorities," which was coined during the Civil War in reference to draft dodgers.
WORD FAMILY
hideout: hideouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
She even killed a Nazi collaborator who discovered one of the hideouts she used under floorboards.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Shortly thereafter, the Dutchman, who nonetheless suspected that something was awry, returned and discovered the hideout.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Next to the fridge is a trap door to another hideout, to be used in case Batista’s forces had discovered the command center.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 隐匿处
分布：隐匿处(100%)
→hide,隐藏，out,出去。比喻用法。
noun countable
■a secret place where someone can go when they do not want to be found by other people 躲藏处，藏身处
n. 隐匿处
 - nook, concealment

Word: hokkaido
Front: hokkaido
[hɔˈkaidəu] (-/43402)
Back: n. 北海道（位于日本北部一岛）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: heinous
Front: heinous
[ˈheɪnəs] (宝 15184/22012)
Vocabulary: heinous
(once / 3507 pages)
adj
A heinous crime is very evil or wicked. Of course, some people only use the term as an exaggeration, claiming that their parents' requirement that they write thank you notes after their birthdays is a heinous form of torture.
Heinous descends from Middle English, from Old French haineus, from haine "hatred," from hair "to hate." So when you want to use the word heinous in all seriousness, think of acts that are considered hateful (or outrageous, and shocking). Think: treason, torture, the clubbing of baby seals. Heinous is pronounced HĀ-nəs.
WORD FAMILY
heinous: heinously, heinousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The US State Department described the attack as “heinous” and the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, said it was “hard to imagine a more cynical crime”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The French foreign minister, Jean-Marc Ayrault, called the attack “cowardly and heinous” and said that three French nationals were among the injured.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They must now deliberate on whether the crime was especially heinous and warrants an enhanced sentence.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. （道德败坏的人或行为）极邪恶的，极可耻的
分布：可憎的(53%)，十恶不赦的(47%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*haton,憎恨，讨厌，词源同hate.来自ak,尖的，锐利的，词源同acid,hone.由尖锐引申词义强烈的感情，憎恨，邪恶的。
憎恨的[hein=odious(可恨的)]
【反】commendable（adj 值得表扬的）；admirable（adj 令人倾佩的）
adjective formal
■very bad and shocking 极其恶劣的，令人震惊的
• a heinous crime 令人发指的罪行
adj. 可憎的；极凶恶的
 - hateful, blanky

Word: ivorian

Word: inflatable
Front: inflatable
[ɪnˈfleɪtəbl] (14578/19823 -1)
Vocabulary: inflatable
(once / 20170 pages)
adj
Something inflatable can be blown up or filled with air. A balloon is inflatable — you can either blow it up, or fill it with helium so that it floats.
Car tires are inflatable, and so are beach balls, bicycle inner tubes, floating pool toys, bouncy castles, air mattresses, and some lightweight boats. If you're in a car accident, the inflatable air bag will fill quickly to protect you from hitting the dashboard. The adjective inflatable comes from the Latin inflare, "to blow into or puff up."
WORD FAMILY
inflate: inflatable, inflated, inflater, inflates, inflating, inflation, inflator+/ inflated: inflatedly/ inflation: disinflation, inflationary, inflations/inflator: inflators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Lights and garlands also decorate the patio, as do a giant inflatable Santa, a reindeer and snowmen.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The boots aren’t one of the gifts this year but the inflatable couch might get more use in a player’s dorm room or apartment.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 可膨胀的，可充气的
n. 可充气物品
分布：可充气的(69%)，充气艇(25%)，大型气球(6%)
→来自inflate,充气，膨胀。
US [-tˌə-] noun countable
■a boat or something similar which must be filled with air in order to float on the water 充气小艇
UK [ɪn'fleɪ.tə.bl] US [-tˌə-] adjective
■able to be inflated 可充气的
• inflatable pillows/mattresses 充气枕头／床垫
adj. 膨胀的，可充气的；得意的
 - proud, dilative

Word: impervious
Front: impervious
[ɪmˈpɜ:viəs] (托宝 15239/14277)
Vocabulary: impervious
(once / 3358 pages)
adj
An impervious surface is one that can't be penetrated. The word is often followed by "to," as in "His steely personality made him impervious to jokes about his awful haircut."
Most of the sentences you'll run across using impervious will be followed by the word "to" and a noun. Things are often described as being impervious to physical assaults like heat, water, bullets, weather, and attack, but just as frequently to less tangible things, like reason, criticism, pain, and pressure. The word comes from Latin: in- + pervius, meaning "not letting things through." A common synonym is impermeable.
WORD FAMILY
impervious: imperviously, imperviousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He doesn’t realize that leaning the other way is how the CIA began to develop its impervious conviction about Iraqi WMD.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
"The two powers that were previously impervious are now being checked and criticized, and that is significant."
Reuters(Dec 05, 2016)
Or so we thought, until we elected to the presidency a man consistently heedless of truth and impervious to fact-checking.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可渗透的; 透不过的; 无动于衷的; 不受影响的
分布：不能渗透的(80%)，不为所动的(20%)
→im-,不，非，pervious,渗透的。
【记】pervious（adj 能被通过的；可渗透的）读：泼vious
【反】translucent（adj 透明的）－impervious of light（不透光的）
US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
SUBSTANCE 物质 specialized
■not allowing liquid to go through 不能渗透的
• How does glue bond with impervious substances like glass and metal? 胶水黏玻璃和金属之类不透水物质的效果如何？
UK [ɪm'pɜ:.vi.əs] US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
PERSON 人
■describes a person who is not influenced or affected by something 不受影响的
• He is impervious to criticism and rational argument. 他对批评和说理都无动于衷。
adj. 不受影响的，无动于衷的；不能渗透的
 - unaffected, unmoved

Word: immature
Front: immature
[ˌɪməˈtjʊə(r)] (11697/9681 -1)
Vocabulary: immature
(once / 2755 pages)
adj
Use the adjective immature to describe something that is not fully grown: “Elizabeth rescued an immature sparrow that had fallen from its nest during the storm.”
When used in a general sense, immature describes something in an early stage of development, such as an immature fruit tree or an immature political system. When applied to people, however, immature is often used to describe someone who behaves in a childish way. So if your 42-year-old brother spends the entire holiday weekend playing video games and then throws a temper tantrum when you ask him to help with the dishes, the word you’re looking for to describe him is probably immature.
WORD FAMILY
immature: immaturely, immatureness, immaturity +/ immaturity: immaturities/maturate: maturates, maturating, maturation / maturation: maturational / mature: immature, maturate, matured, maturely, maturement, matureness, maturer, matures, maturest, maturing, maturity / maturity: maturities, post-maturity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both seem immature in their appreciation of the needs of others.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I was sixteen, so I confess that my behavior was immature.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
He’s immature, his romantic partner’s friends do not like him, and now he’s pushing his partner to ignore all misgivings and move in with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不成熟的; 未完成的; 粗糙的; 幼小
分布：不成熟的(100%)
→im-,不，非，mature,成熟的。
【记】mature（adj 成熟的；到期的）
US [-'tʊr] adjective disapproving
■not behaving in a way which is as calm and wise as people expect from someone of your age 不成熟的
• Stop being so silly and immature, Ben! 本，不要这么愚蠢幼稚！
• She's rather immature for her age, don't you think? 她都这么大了，你不觉得她显得相当幼稚吗？
■disapproving
■not experienced in a particular matter 没经验的
• politically immature 政治上不够老练
■specialized
■not yet completely grown or developed 未长成的；发育未全的
• While the animals are still immature, they do not breed. 动物发育未全时不会生育。
adj. 不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的
 - crude, rough, raw, coarse, harsh

Word: macron
Front: macron
[ˈmækrɒn] None
Back: n. 长音符号
分布：长音符号(100%)
→来自希腊语makros,长的。后引申词义长音符，平调符。
n. 长音符号（加于元音上）
 - circumflex

Word: kettle
Front: kettle
[ 'ket(ə)l] (高研四六托 10726/5784 -1)
Vocabulary: kettle
(once / 583 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A kettle is a pot made for boiling water. Most kettles are metal, with a lid and a spout. If you're in the mood for a cup of tea, it might be time to "put the kettle on."
You can use the word kettle to mean "metal cooking pot," although it's mostly used for the kind you use to make your tea or instant soup. If you want to comment on the incredible awkwardness of a situation, you can use the colloquial phrase, "Well, this is a fine kettle of fish," and if you criticize a friend for something you're also guilty of, she might say, "That's the pot calling the kettle black!"
WORD FAMILY
kettle: kettleful, kettles+/kettleful: kettlefuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s just kinder when the host is running late with dinner and you’re stuffing your face with Kettle Chips.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
More than a few drop not just coins but dollars into the iconic red kettle.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“Other people keep me company,” he says about those who walk past his kettle on their way to the stores each day.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: [人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 凯特尔来源于古诺斯语人名，含义是u201c釜u201d(cauldron)
分布：水壶(99%)，坑穴(1%)
→来自古英语cetil,水壶，来自Proto-Germanic*katilaz,可能来自拉丁语catillus,碗，盘子，炖罐。需注意的是，原始德语从拉丁语借词是比较罕见的。
n.水壶At the outset this set of setting settled the offset problem of the kettle.在开始,这一套设置解决了水壶的弥补问题.
US ['ketˌ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a covered metal or plastic container with a handle and a shaped opening for pouring, used for boiling water 水壶，开水壶
put the kettle on
■to start to boil water in a kettle 开始烧水
UK ['ket.l] US ['ketˌ-] noun countable
be another /a different kettle of fish
■to be completely different from something or someone else that has been talked about 截然不同；完全两回事
• Having knowledge is one thing but being able to communicate it to others is another kettle of fish. 拥有知识是一回事，但能够传授给别人完全是另一回事了。
UK ['ket.l] US ['ketˌ-] noun countable
a pretty / fine kettle of fish old-fashioned
■a very difficult and annoying situation 难办的事；尴尬的局面
n. [轻] 壶； [化工] 釜；罐；鼓
 - pot, drum

Word: lipped
Front: lipped
[lɪpt] (42455/-)
Back: adj. 有嘴的，长着嘴唇的
分布：名词(87%)，形容词(13%)
adj. 有嘴的；具唇的
 - mouthed
v. 用嘴唇接触；轻轻说出；溢出；吹奏（lip的过去分词）
 - overflowed

Word: lingua
Front: lingua
['lɪŋgwə] (25966/47511)
Back: n. 舌
分布：名词(100%)
n. [解剖] 舌；似舌的器官
 - glossa

Word: maori

Word: mausoleum
Front: mausoleum
[ˌmɔ:səˈli:əm] (18072/19280)
Vocabulary: mausoleum
(once / 3821 pages)
n
A mausoleum is a building that contains a tomb or tombs. The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan as a monument to his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, is the world's most famous mausoleum.
Mausoleion, the Greek source of the Latinized mausoleum, was the name given to the tomb of the King Mausolus, a Persian ruler who died in 353 B.C.E. This vast elaborate structure was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Other notable mausoleums or mausolea include the mausoleum of China's First Qin Emperor –- the site of the famous Terra Cotta Army — and the tombs of Ulysses S. Grant and Abraham Lincoln.
WORD FAMILY
mausoleum: mausolea, mausoleums
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Saturday, a white cloth was draped over a new structure near the mausoleum for Cuban independence leader Jose Marti.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
He fled to Hawaii, where he died and was interred in an Oahu mausoleum until 1993.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
He points to a domed mausoleum nearby and says it is being built for Castro.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 陵墓
分布：陵墓(100%)
→来自希腊语Mausoleion,大型坟墓，来自Mausolos,小亚细亚古国Caria国王，在他死后，其王后Artemisia为他修建了大型的陵寝，并被评为古代世界七大奇迹之一，其名字就成为大型陵墓的代称。但其遗址不幸毁于公元三世纪的一次地震。
【记】读：冒死leum－去陵墓要冒着死的危险。
US [ˌmɑ:-] noun countable
■a building in which the bodies of dead people are buried 陵墓

Word: naomi
Front: naomi
[ˈneiəmi] (-/16458)
Back: n. 女子名
分布：路得的婆母)(50%)，拿俄米(圣经人物(50%)

Word: marketeer
Front: marketeer
[ˌmɑ:kɪˈtɪə(r)] (29638/25891 -1)
Back: n. 市场商人
分布：市场商人(100%)
US [ˌmɑ:r.kə'tɪr] noun countable
■someone who works in or supports a particular market system 市场经营者；支援特定市场体制者
• Under the old regime black marketeers would buy almost anything from Western tourists and resell it at an enormous profit. 在旧体制下，黑市商人几乎买下西方游客手中所有的东西，再转手赚取巨额利润。
• Free marketeers are vehemently opposed to the new safety regulations. 主张自由贸易者强烈反对新的安全法规。

Word: moniker
Front: moniker
[ˈmɒnɪkə(r)] (17300/-)
Vocabulary: moniker
(once / 20920 pages)
n
A moniker is a nickname. Basketball player Charles Barkley had the moniker "The Round Mound of Rebound."
A moniker is a nickname or pet name for a person. People who are dating or friends often have monikers like "Sweetie" and "Schmoopie." Some monikers are shortened versions of your name, like "Ed" or "Eddie" for "Edward." Athletes and other famous people have many monikers. There was a very large football player for the Chicago Bears (William Perry) whose moniker was "The Refrigerator." That's a lot nicer moniker than "Ivan the Terrible."
WORD FAMILY
moniker: monikers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The moniker was ridiculed by Republicans as the unemployment rate still hovered around 9.5%.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Coyote currently is without an established moniker.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In other words: Don’t judge a reboot by its moniker.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 名字，绰号
分布：名字(51%)，绰号(47%)，=monicker.(2%)
→俚语。可能是由monk杜撰的词，因僧侣通常会另取法号。
US ['mɑ:.nɪ.kɚ] noun countable humorous
■a name or nickname 名字；绰号
n. 绰号；名字
 - monaker, sobriquet

Word: palliative
Front: palliative
[ˈpæliətɪv] (宝 22389/27772)
Vocabulary: palliative
(once / 10755 pages)
adjn
That which is palliative relieves and soothes, but isn’t expected to cure. A heating pack is a commonly employed palliative for temporarily reducing the pain of strained muscles.
From the French palliatif, which in turn came from the Middle Latin palliates, palliative was first recorded as an adjective in the 1540’s, and then later as a noun in 1724. To palliate is to alleviate without curing, so it makes sense that a palliative is the agent for this type of relief. “Life as we find it, is too hard for us: it brings us too many pains, disappointments and impossible tasks,” said the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud. “In order to bear it, we cannot dispense with palliative measures…”
WORD FAMILY
palliative: palliatives+/ palliate: palliated, palliates, palliating, palliation, palliative / palliation: palliations
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The truce is a palliative," Alexei Malashenko, a Middle East expert with Carnegie Moscow, a think tank, said in an interview.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Frist, a former U.S. senator, also backs Aspire Health, which sends palliative care clinicians to people’s homes.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Palliative care focuses on easing symptoms such as pain and shortness of breath that are often overlooked amid aggressive efforts to save seriously ill patients.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 治标药物; 缓解剂; 治标措施; 保守疗法
分布：缓和剂(45%)，缓和的(30%)，减轻的(17%)，治标的(8%)
→来自palliate,减轻，缓和，-ive,形容词后缀。引申词义权宜之计。
US [-tˌɪv] noun countable specialized
■a drug or medical treatment that reduces pain without curing the cause of the pain 治标药物，缓解剂；治标措施，保守疗法
■formal
■something that makes a problem seem less serious but does not solve the problem or make it disappear 权宜之计；缓冲剂；消极措施
• We want long-term solutions, not short-term palliatives. 我们想要的是长期的解决方法，而非短期的权宜之计。
n. 辩解；缓和剂；暂时姑息的手段
 - explanation, exculpation
adj. 缓和的；掩饰的；可斟酌的
 - relaxative, anetic

Word: payable
Front: payable
[ˈpeɪəbl] (雅 18260/4051 -1)
Back: adj. 应付的，可付的; 可获利的
分布：应付的(72%)，可付的(28%)
adjective [after verb]
■that should be paid 应支付的
• Interest payments are payable monthly. 利息每月支付。
■If a cheque is payable to a person or an organization, the money will be paid to them because their name is written on it （支票）可兑付的
• Please make your cheque payable to WWF. 请写明你的支票抬头人为WWF。
adj. [会计] 应付的；到期的；可付的；可获利的
 - due, mature

Word: overplay
Front: overplay
[ˌəʊvəˈpleɪ] (22018/34939)
Back: v. 夸大…的重要性，表演过火，打（或踢）得比…好
时态：overplayed, overplaying, overplays
分布：夸张(39%)，表演过火(25%)，做得过分(12%)，过分高估(12%)，过分依赖……的力量(12%)
→over-,超过，过度，play,玩，扮演。比喻用法。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb transitive
■to make something seem more important than it really is 夸大…的重要性；把…做得过分；过分强调；过分重视
• I think she's overplaying the significance of his remarks. 我认为她过分强调他的话的重要性。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'pleɪ] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb transitive
overplay your hand
■to spoil your chance of success by saying or doing too much 说得（或做得）太多而毁掉胜机
vt. 夸张；过分依赖…的力量；把…演得过火；将高尔夫球打到果岭之外
 - put it on, pile it on
vi. 表演过火
 - ham

Word: plagiarism
Front: plagiarism
[ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm] (托宝 18346/24586)
Vocabulary: plagiarism
(once / 4196 pages)
n
When you rip off someone else's ideas or work and pretend it's your own, that's plagiarism.
There's a fine line between borrowing and stealing — between plagiarism and theft — and it's often open to debate what actually constitutes an outright taking of someone's material. As Einstein once said, "The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources." From the Latin word for "kidnapped," when you plagiarize, you are being an intellectual thief, kidnapping someone else's ideas or words for your own purposes.
WORD FAMILY
plagiarism: plagiarise, plagiarisms, plagiarist, plagiaristic, plagiarize +/plagiarise: plagiarisation, plagiarised, plagiariser, plagiarises, plagiarising/plagiarist: plagiarists/ plagiarize: plagiarization, plagiarized, plagiarizer, plagiarizes, plagiarizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When ordered to write 100 times “I will not plagiarize,” Michael shot back that the task seemed to him another form of plagiarism.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The permanent commission of the conference of Spanish university chancellors said on Thursday that Mr Suarez was leaving due to "information published about presumed plagiarism".
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
In a story published today, the magazine produced seven more instances of alleged plagiarism.
Science Magazine(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 剽窃; 抄袭; 剽窃物; 抄袭物
分布：剽窃(91%)，剽窃物(9%)
→来自拉丁语plagiare,绑架，来自plaga,罗网，鸟网，网笼，来自plek,弯，转，编织，词源同ply,complicate.后引申词义抄袭，剽窃。-ism,主义，思想。
剽窃(plagiar斜的+ism...做不正当事...剽窃)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
【记】pla＝play，gia＝jia家，ris＝rise，m：整天在家玩，要想ris成绩，只好剽窃了。
N-UNCOUNT
剽窃；抄袭
Plagiarism is the practice of using or copying someone else's idea or work and pretending that you thought of it or created it.
例：Now he's in real trouble. He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。
N-COUNT
剽窃物；抄袭物
A plagiarism is an idea or a piece of writing or music that has been secretly copied from someone else's work.
例：Most famous political quotes are plagiarisms and this was no exception.大部分著名的政治语录都是盗用前人的，这个也不例外。
n. 剽窃；剽窃物
 - piracy, cribbing

Word: predispose
Front: predispose
[ˌpri:dɪˈspəʊz] (13004/15502)
Vocabulary: predispose
(once / 2934 pages)
v
Predispose means to have a tendency toward something. Some people believe that just being born in Canada will predispose you to love ice hockey.
Many situations or events can predispose you to have a particular reaction, opinion, or feeling. Being bitten by a dog as a child could predispose you to having a fear of dogs. Having ancestors with great athletic ability might predispose you to enjoy running. If you want to predispose your father to liking your new boyfriend, be sure to tell him about volunteering at the food bank and leave out the bits about his arrest and dropping out of school.
WORD FAMILY
predispose: predisposed, predisposes, predisposing, predisposition +/ disposable: disposables, nondisposable/ disposal: disposals/ dispose: disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing, disposition, indispose, predispose, redispose/disposed: disposedly/ disposition: dispositions/indispose: indisposed, indisposes, indisposing, indisposition/indisposition: indispositions/ predisposition: predispositions/redispose: redisposed, redisposes, redisposing, redisposition/redisposition: redispositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The draft guidelines for England say women predisposed to breast cancer because of a strong family history of the disease need this protection.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
She has a tattoo of a goat on her arm and was predisposed, Mr. Luby said, to anything goats.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Scientists believe these conditions are triggered by some as-yet-unidentified factor in those who are genetically predisposed.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 使预先有倾向; 使易接受; 使倾向于做; 使易于患（病）
时态：predisposed, predisposing, predisposes
分布：动词(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，dispose,安排。引申词义倾向于。
US [-'spoʊz] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  predispose sb to/towards sth formal
■to make someone more likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular illness or condition 使（某人）倾向于；使（某人）易于感染
• Smoking predisposes you to lung cancer. 吸烟易导致肺癌。
• His family background predisposes him to support the Democrats. 他的家庭背景使他倾向于支持民主党。

Word: salina
Front: salina
[sə'laɪnə] (41352/-)
Back: n. 盐湖; 盐泉; 煮盐锅; 制盐场
分布：盐沼(60%)，盐水湖(40%)
n. [地理] 盐沼；盐水湖
 - kavir

Word: sobriety
Front: sobriety
[səˈbraɪəti] (宝 16615/33009)
Vocabulary: sobriety
(once / 2497 pages)
n
Sobriety is the state of being sober, which can mean either not intoxicated or being solemn. If he takes a drink, an alcoholic ends a stretch of sobriety. You might note sobriety in the stands when your team is losing.
When thinking about sobriety, think about the Puritans, and the way they kept the Sabbath. For them, even laughing on a Sunday was seen as an excessive display. Known for sobriety, they preferred a day marked by prayer and contemplation. It goes without saying that they frowned upon the consumption of any form of alcohol––favoring sobriety of both kinds.
WORD FAMILY
sobriety: insobriety, sobrieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Caldwell failed a field sobriety test leaving the MGM National Harbor on opening night.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A voluntary 24/7 sobriety program passed the Senate last year but stalled in the House, with MADD, civil libertarians and others raising opposition.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
State police will be conducting sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols in all of the state’s 33 counties next month.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 清醒; 未醉; 严肃; 节制
分布：清醒(57%)，节制(22%)，严肃(21%)
→sober,冷静的，清醒的，-ety,名词后缀。
头脑清醒;朴实(sober头脑清醒)[-ety表名词"状态"]
【反】sumptuousness（n 奢侈；豪华）；flippancy（adj 无礼；轻率）；trepidation（n 颤抖）
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
NOT DRUNK 未醉的
■the state of being sober 未醉，清醒
• US The police said his car had been weaving all over the road, so they pulled him over and gave him a sobriety test. 员警说他的车在路上一直开得摇摇晃晃的，因此叫他停了下来，帮他做了酒精测试。
UK [sə'braɪ.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
SERIOUS 严肃的
■seriousness 严肃，庄重
• We had the priest sitting at our table which instilled a little sobriety into the occasion. 我们让神父坐在桌前，整个场合增添了一丝庄重。
n. 清醒，冷静；节制；严肃
 - levelheadedness, calmness

Word: shrub
Front: shrub
[ʃrʌb] (六托雅宝 7153/6140 -2)
Back: n. 灌木; 灌木丛; 果汁甜酒; 冰果汁水
分布：灌木(99%)，果汁甜酒(1%)
→来自古英语 scrybb,灌木，可能最终来自 sker,砍，切，词源同 shear,short.
noun countable
■a large plant with a rounded shape formed from many small branches growing either directly from the ground or from a hard woody stem, grown in gardens 灌木
• She planted some roses and other flowering shrubs. 她种了一些玫瑰及其他一些开花灌木。
⇒ See also bush
jungle, shrub, bush
这一组词均与树木有关。
jungle: n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。
shrub: n.有木茎的灌木，灌木丛。
bush: n.矮树丛。
n. [林] 灌木；灌木丛
 - bush, frutex

Word: steamy
Front: steamy
[ˈsti:mi] (12594/19810 -1)
Back: adj. 蒸汽的，充满水汽的; 雾重的，潮湿的; 色情的
分布：潮湿的(65%)，色情的(25%)，蒸汽多的(10%)
→steam,蒸汽，水气，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■filled with steam, or hot and wet like steam 充满蒸汽的；热而潮湿的
• steamy summer weather 闷热潮湿的夏季天气
• a steamy kitchen/bathroom 蒸汽弥漫的厨房／浴室
■informal
■sexually exciting or including a lot of sexual activity 色情的
• a steamy love scene 火辣的性爱场面
• His new novel is advertised as his steamiest yet. 他的新小说被宣传为他迄今为止最为色情的一部。
adj. 蒸汽的；雾重的，潮湿的；充满蒸汽的
 - wet, humid

Word: techy
Front: techy
['tekɪ] (43755/-)
Back: adj. 易怒的，暴躁的; 怪脾气
分布：易怒的(48%)，暴躁的(26%)，=tetchy.(13%)，技术的(13%)
adj. 易怒的；暴躁的
 - fierce, testy

Word: spaghetti
Front: spaghetti
[spəˈgeti] (9189/12398 -1)
Vocabulary: spaghetti
(once / 8237 pages)
n
Spaghetti is long, thin pasta. Spaghetti with meatballs in marinara sauce is an Italian restaurant classic.
Spaghetti is a popular Italian pasta, often served with a tomato sauce sometimes called spaghetti sauce. The Italian word spago means string, and spaghetti is the plural of spago — a description of what spaghetti looks like. Spaghetti straps are very thin shoulder straps found on dresses and summery tops. In the late 1960s, "spaghetti westerns" were movies about the Wild West, filmed in Italy and directed by Italians.
WORD FAMILY
spaghetti
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prime minister must now decide how to position herself in this spaghetti western standoff between the Good, the Mad and the Fugly.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Serve the sauce and meatballs over the spaghetti and garnish with grated Parmesan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Whenever Neighbors hosted team dinners – his specialty is chicken spaghetti – there wasn’t enough room for everybody.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 意大利面条; [电]漆布绝缘管
分布：意大利式细面条(100%)
→来自意大利语 spaghetti,复数形式于 spaghetto,小词形式于 spago,线，绳子。引申词义细面条。
US [-'ge-] noun uncountable
■pasta made in the form of long, thin threads 义大利式细面条

Word: temporal
Front: temporal
[ˈtempərəl] (托宝 6868/8101 -1)
Vocabulary: temporal
(once / 791 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adj
Our time on earth is limited, or temporal.
Temporal comes from the Latin word temporalis which means "of time" and is usually applied to words that mean not having much of it, such as the temp who works at an office for a set amount of time, because temporary situations don't last long. A less common word, temporality also means having limited time, and it rhymes with mortality! (Don't remind us.) Temporal implies "of this earth," too — temporal boundaries keep us from being able to fly around the clouds, but spiritual beings can zing around at will. Temporal can also refer to temples, the ones on the side of your head that are probably aching by now.
WORD FAMILY
temporal: temporality, temporally, temporals+/temporality: temporalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet, despite the temporal coincidence and surface similarities, I believe the election of Trump is fundamentally different from what is occurring in Europe.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
But their temporal proximity reveals thematic connections between the two.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Both groups showed increases in most gray matter regions of the brain, including the temporal lobe, which supports short-term memory.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 时间的; 世俗的; 暂存的; <语>表示时间的
n. 暂存的事物，世间的事物; 世俗的权力; 一时的事物，俗事
分布：暂时的(52%)，当时的(19%)，现世的(15%)，颞的(7%)，太阳穴的(7%)
→来自拉丁语 temporalis,时间的，来自 tempus,时间，可能来自 temp,展开，来自 ten, 展开，词源同 extend,tension.词义由展开引申为一段时间，季节及诸相关词义。
现世的;暂时的(tempor+al)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
US [-pɚ.əl] formal
adjective
■relating to practical matters or physical things, rather than spiritual ones 世间的，世俗的，现世的
adj. 暂时的；当时的；现世的
 - impermanent, interim

Word: tashkent

Word: transcription
Front: transcription
[trænˈskrɪpʃn] (14175/6786)
Vocabulary: transcription
(once / 4023 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
A transcription is the document made by copying down in writing something that you listen to, like audio tapes, an interview, or comments made during a meeting.
If you watch TV crime dramas, you’ve probably seen someone take a transcription while cops interview a suspect — that person is writing down all the things that are said. Transcription can also refer to the process of transcribing. If you’re a musician, you probably know that transcription can also describe adapting a piece of music for different instruments, like a cello transcription of a Beatles song.
WORD FAMILY
transcription: transcriptions+/ transcribe: transcribed, transcriber, transcribes, transcribing, transcription / transcriber: transcribers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other scholars think it more likely that what he saw was a transcription.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I put some transcriptions from my interviews, and “Everybody Curses I Swear” is now born.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
This belongs to a group, the zinc-finger transcription factors, whose job is to activate and regulate genes.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 抄本; 抄写; 录音; 翻译
分布：抄本(48%)，誊写(27%)，转写(13%)，用音标表示语音(6%)，乐曲的改编(6%)
noun
countable
■a written representation of words or music （话语或乐曲的）文字记录，文字本，抄本
• This is a phonetic transcription of the conversations that were recorded on tape. 这是磁带上谈话录音的文字本。
uncountable
■the process of transcribing something 记录；抄写
n. 抄写；抄本；誊写
 - copying

Word: theocratic
Front: theocratic
[ˌθi:ə'krætɪk] (26625/-)
Back: adj. 神权的，神权政治的
分布：神权政治的(82%)，在神政下的(18%)

Word: vic
Front: vic
[vɪk] (-/7387)
Back: n. V字队形飞行
分布：名词(100%)

Word: unenviable
Front: unenviable
[ʌnˈenviəbl] (26399/19748)
Back: adj. 艰难的，讨厌的，不值得羡慕的
分布：不值得羡慕的(64%)，艰难的(20%)，不嫉妒的(16%)
adjective
■describes a duty or necessary action that is unpleasant or difficult 不值得羡慕的；令人不快的；困难的
• I had the unenviable task of cleaning up after the party. 派对结束后，我要做那讨厌的清理工作。

Word: verifiable
Front: verifiable
['verɪfaɪəbl] (19236/23830)
Vocabulary: verifiable
(once / 18821 pages)
adj
Something that's verifiable can be proven. In a courtroom, verifiable evidence is backed up with specific proof.
If you have a birth certificate, your exact time and place of birth is verifiable — in other words, you can prove where and when you were born. Something is scientifically verifiable if it can be tested and proven to be true. Verifiable comes from the verb verify, "authenticate" or "prove," from the Old French verifier, "find out the truth about." The Latin root is verus, or "true."
WORD FAMILY
verifiable: unverifiable, verifiably+/ verification: verifications/verified: unverified/verifier: verifiers/ verify: verifiable, verification, verificatory, verified, verifier, verifies, verifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Ghana, The Gambia and Nigeria last year, the electoral commissions received a lot of plaudits for overseeing free, fair and verifiable elections.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
All untrue, except for the demise of Thicke, which was easily verifiable.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
All untrue, except for the demise of Mr. Thicke, which was easily verifiable.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 能作证的，能证实的
分布：可核实的(75%)，能证实的(25%)
可证实的(verify+able)[uer=true,表示"真实"]
adjective
■able to be proved 可证实的；可证明的
• Throughout the trial, he didn't produce a single verifiable fact. 整个审判过程中，他没有提供一丁点儿可以证实的事实。
adj. 可证实的；能作证的；可检验的
 - confirmable

Word: zeta
Front: zeta
[ 'zi:tə] (-/17850)
Back: 零功率热核装置; [人名] 泽塔; [地名] [黑山] 泽塔河; 零能热核装置
分布：希腊第六个字母(Z(50%)，ζ)(50%)
→来自希伯来语zayin,武器，因字母Z在古希伯来语形似如钩子的武器而得名。

Word: acquisitive
Front: acquisitive
[əˈkwɪzətɪv] (六托宝 28517/23098)
Vocabulary: acquisitive
(once / 11322 pages)
adj
It may seem like your acquisitive cousin never talks about anything but shopping. Someone who's acquisitive is preoccupied with possessing material things.
If you were trying to improve yourself by becoming less acquisitive, you might destroy your credit cards and force yourself to take a break from buying things. The adjective acquisitive comes from Latin word for "accumulate," acquirere, so when you're consumed with accumulating more and more, you can describe yourself as acquisitive. It's an easy word to confuse with inquisitive, which means "curious or inquiring." It's much better to be inquisitive than acquisitive!
WORD FAMILY
acquisitive: acquisitively, acquisitiveness, unacquisitive+/ acquire: acquirable, acquired, acquirer, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitive / acquired: acquiredly/acquirer: acquirers/ acquisition: acquisitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The acquisitive company, which completed its near $50-billion Covidien deal last year, has been focusing on the minimally invasive surgical market.
Reuters(Nov 22, 2016)
But from that point on he became passionately acquisitive.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Though acquisitive corporate bosses generated $329 billion worth of takeovers in October, the biggest month for U.S.
Reuters(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （对钱财等）渴望得到的，贪得无厌的; 能够获得并保存的
分布：想获得的(42%)，贪得无厌的(40%)，可学得的(18%)
贪得的(ac不断+quis+itive→不断寻求→贪得的)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
贪得的(ac一再+quis寻求)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
【记】源于acquire（vt 获得，学到），ive用在人身上的特征，表示一个人过分的作某事＝过分的想获得＝贪得无厌的
【参】requisite（n 必需品）；prerequisite（n 先决条件）
US [-ə.tˌɪv] formal mainly disapproving
adjective
■eager to own and collect things （对财物）渴望得到的，迫切求取的；贪婪的
• We live in an acquisitive society which views success primarily in terms of material possessions. 我们生活在一个贪求功利的社会中，它判断人成功与否首要是看他拥有多少物质财富。

Word: ado
Front: ado
[əˈdu:] (22859/19993)
Vocabulary: ado
(once / 1680 pages)
n
Someone who makes a lot of ado about things has a tendency to make them more busy or complicated than they need to be.
A flurry of activity or a lot of complaining about a little problem are both examples of ado. It's an old fashioned word, dating back to the fourteenth century, when it meant "conflict or trouble." "At do" was a Norse version of the English phrase "to do," which was eventually shortened to ado. The most famous use of the word is probably the Shakespeare play "Much Ado About Nothing."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ado / adieu
An ado is a fuss, and adieu is French for farewell. They sound similar but aren't exactly twins. Ado sounds like "uh-doo" and adieu is like "a-dyoo," you know, in a cool French accent.
Shakespeare wrote Much Ado About Nothing, and that's still the way you'll often hear the word. It's usually found in that phrase or "without further ado." An ado is an unnecessary hustle-bustle. Check it out:
"Alas, the rhino in question withstood my volley of bullets and then trampled me without much ado." (Washington Post)
"And now, without further ado, let's count down the top ten worst Christmas movie flops of all time!" (Forbes)
Adieu is French for goodbye, but English borrows it. Au revoir is also French for goodbye, but that's more of a "see ya later" while adieu is more like "farewell forever." Adieu comes from "a dieu" which means "to god." You say that to someone if you think it's the last time you'll see her alive, or even if it just seems that way. You can also bid something adieu. Voila:
"So it is with a heavy heart that I must bid the pen adieu." (New York Times)
"In French, people say 'Au Revoir' to say 'See you again', but when they say 'Adieu' - well, that's like saying, 'We'll never see you again.'" (BBC)
Say goodbye to getting them mixed up. Ado is like "to-do," and adieu is a dramatic farewell, what you might say to someone if they're about to die — see the word "die" in adieu. And now without further ado, bid this explanation adieu.
WORD FAMILY
ado: ados
USAGE EXAMPLES
Without further ado, here’s a slew of experts picking Crimson Tide victories:
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For Lia Ramhawati, 36, who sells perfume at an upscale department store in central Jakarta, the uproar over Christmas clothes is much ado about nothing.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Here, without further ado, is my carefully calibrated, utterly precise top 10 list.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 无谓的忙乱; 毫不耽搁地; 干脆地; 立即
分布：忙乱(49%)，麻烦(29%)，纷扰(22%)
→来自短语at do, 许多事要做，忙。at 词源同前缀ad-。
noun
without further/more ado
■without wasting more time 不再浪费时间；立即；干脆
• And so, without further ado, let me introduce tonight's speaker. 好了，我就闲话少说，向大家介绍今晚的讲者。
n. 忙乱，纷扰，麻烦
 - trouble, headache

Word: adjudicate
Front: adjudicate
[əˈdʒu:dɪkeɪt] (宝 18877/20600)
Vocabulary: adjudicate
(once / 6287 pages)
v
To adjudicate is to act like a judge. A judge might adjudicate a case in court, and you may have to adjudicate in the local talent show.
Do you see a similarity between judge and adjudicate? When you add the common Latin prefix ad meaning "to" or "toward," you have a pretty good idea what the word means. But a judge isn't the only person who can adjudicate. If you're fighting with your little brother or sister and make them cry, your parents may adjudicate and send you to your room.
WORD FAMILY
adjudicate: adjudicated, adjudicates, adjudicating, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory+/ adjudication: adjudications/adjudicator: adjudicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet rather than issue a one-stroke penalty, they decided to adjudicate the situation after the round.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
Additionally, we are requesting stringent oversight by Congress over the federal agencies involved in adjudicating criminal offenses that occur in the District.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
He says a suspect in that case was arrested and the case adjudicated.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 判决，宣判; 当…的评判员（或裁判员、仲裁人）
n. 判决，宣判; 裁判员)
时态：adjudicated, adjudicating, adjudicates
分布：裁定(53%)，判决(38%)，充当裁判(9%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。-ju同词根jur,法，正义，见jurist, 司法人员。词根dic,说。即按照法律办事的。
判决,裁决(ad一再+judic+ate→一再判断→裁判)[judg,judic=judge,表示"判断"]
【记】ad朝向，judic（to judge判断）－裁决
【参】judicious（adj 明智的）；prejudice（n 偏见）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to act as judge in a competition or argument, or to make a formal decision about something 担任裁判；判决，裁定，裁决
• He was asked to adjudicate on the dispute. 人们请他来对这场争端作出裁定。
• He was called in to adjudicate a local land dispute. 他被请来裁决一桩当地的土地纠纷。
• [+ two objects] The game was adjudicated a win for Black. 布莱克被裁定赢得比赛。
vi. 裁定；宣判
 - rule, pass sentence
vt. 裁定；宣判
 - pass sentence

Word: afresh
Front: afresh
[əˈfreʃ] (25436/13805)
Vocabulary: afresh
(once / 1086 pages)
adv
When you do something afresh, you start it again as if it's the first time. You might, for example, start afresh baking a new apple pie after burning the first one.
When you see the adverb afresh, it's often following "start" or "begin." Doing something afresh is getting a fresh start, or a complete do-over. Your grandfather might start afresh with his new job as a goat farmer after a lifetime working as an accountant. Or you might start afresh with a classmate you used to argue with, determined to find a way to get along. In both examples, someone is approaching things in a brand new way.
WORD FAMILY
afresh
USAGE EXAMPLES
And they are looking afresh at medical care for obese people.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The obvious and proper step is for Ofcom to consider the plurality issues afresh and repeat an assessment of fitness.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
WHY is it unsettling to see Republicans and Democrats squabbling afresh about Russian meddling in last month’s presidential election?
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 重新
分布：重新(75%)，重新开始(25%)
adverb
■If you do something afresh, you deal with it again in a new way 从头；重新；另行
• She tore up the letter and started afresh. 她撕掉信，又重新写。
• We agreed to look afresh at her original proposal. 我们同意重新考虑她最初的建议。
adv. 重新；再度
 - newly, anew

Word: apportion
Front: apportion
[əˈpɔ:ʃn] (托 22067/14428)
Back: vt. 分摊，分配
时态：apportioned, apportioning, apportions
分布：分摊(42%)，分配(39%)，分派(19%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. 词根par, 等同，见part, portion.
分配,分摊(ap成为+port+ion→把整体分成部分→分配)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
US [-'pɔ:r-] formal
verb transitive
■to give or share out, especially blame or money among several people or things （尤指对过失、钱等）分担，分配，分派
• When we know how much is profit, then we can apportion the money among/between us. 清楚有多少利润后，我们就可以分钱了。
• The investigation into the air crash would inevitably apportion blame to certain members of the crew. 对坠机事件的调查会不可避免地认定某些机组人员应负的责任。
vt. 分配，分派；分摊
 - portion, part, proportion

Word: appendix
Front: appendix
[əˈpendɪks] (高研六雅 12249/3748 -1)
Vocabulary: appendix
(once / 819 pages)
1n 2n
No, it's not just a tiny organ pouch that requires surgery when it begins to hurt; an appendix is also additional material at the end of a book or paper.
You would think that the appendix at the end of a book came after appendix the body part, wouldn't you? After all, our bodies have been around a lot longer than books have. But you'd be wrong. The name for the organ, also known as vermiform appendix, came into use later, no doubt because it is something attached — as its Latin root is translated — to the intestines just as an appendix is attached to the end of a book.
WORD FAMILY
appendix: appendices, appendixes
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is more wiggle room with species categorized under Appendix II and Appendix III, as long as the traveler obtains the proper permit or certificate.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
And an appendix by neuroscientists James May and Fiona Harrison adds little.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Even more ominous, his name doesn’t appear in Appendix 1.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 附录; 阑尾; 附加物
分布：附录(54%)，阑尾(42%)，附属物(4%)
附录,补遗(append+ix表名词)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
n.附录,附属物;阑尾,盲肠His comprehensive apprehension about the appendix of the pendulum is obvious.他的广泛的关于这个摆的附录的忧虑明显.
【记】见appendage或把ix＝Ⅸ（附录九）
noun countable
BODY PART 身体部位 (plural appendixes)
■a small tube-shaped part which is joined to the intestines on the right side of the body and has no use in humans 阑尾；盲肠
• She had her appendix out (= medically removed) last summer. 去年夏天她做了盲肠切除手术。
[ə'pen.dɪks] noun countable
BOOK PART 书的部分 (plural appendixes or appendices)
■a separate part at the end of a book or magazine which gives extra information （书或杂志的）附录
• There's an appendix at the end of the book with a list of dates. 书后有一个附录，列有年代日期。
accessory, supplement, appendix, attachment, addition
这组词都有“附加物、增加物”的意思，其区别是：
accessory: 作“附件”解时，与attachment同义，可互换，但还指增加美观的附属品。
supplement: 主要指使书、报等正广更完善而额外增加的部分。
appendix: 指书末的附录。
attachment: 指用于扩大原物用途的附件。
addition: 仅强调数量的增加。
n. [图情] 附录；阑尾；附加物
 - supplement, Appendix Appx

Word: atheism
Front: atheism
[ˈeɪθiɪzəm] (托宝 19451/23200)
Vocabulary: atheism
(once / 893 pages)
n
The sole belief of atheism is there is no god. Atheism isn't a religion — it's just the opposite.
If you're fed up with religion or think that believing in God, heaven, and hell is silly, atheism just might be for you. An atheist doesn't believe in God or other supernatural beings. Some atheists state their belief more strongly, but it comes down to either "I don't believe in God" or "There is no God," which mean about the same thing. This is a stronger belief than agnosticism, which says we can't know if God exists.
WORD FAMILY
atheism: atheisms, atheist, atheistic +/ atheist: atheistical, atheists/ atheistic: atheistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The physicist Stephen Hawking, who publicly confirmed his atheism in 2014, doesn’t believe that God is needed to explain creation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Other options, including Reform Judaism, agnosticism and even atheism, are reserved for purebreds.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
The comedian also joked about pairing Mr. Prager’s intellectual pedigree and religious faith with his atheism and absence of college coursework.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 无神论
分布：无神论(92%)，不信神(8%)
→前缀a-, 不，非。词根theo, 神，见theology, 神学。
无神论(a无+theism)[the(a)=god表示"神"]
无神论(a无＋the神＋ism)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
【记】a非，无，the神，ism主义－无神论
【参】atheist[SAT]（n 无神论者）；atheistic（adj 无神论（者）的）；pantheism（n泛神论；多神崇拜）；theology（n 神学）
n. 不信神，无神论
 - infidelity, antitheism

Word: brawn
Front: brawn
[brɔ:n] (25243/33764)
Vocabulary: brawn
(once / 2239 pages)
n
Brawn means muscular strength. If the math team and the football team compete on field day, chances are the math team's brains will be less useful than the football team's brawn.
Stroll down the paper-towel aisle at any major grocery store and you'll encounter the paper-towel brand Brawny, featuring a well-muscled brawny man in tight T-shirt meant to promote the idea that Brawny towels are as strong as a strong man at a freak show—they absorb tough messes and will not tear.
WORD FAMILY
brawn: brawns, brawny +/ brawny: brawnier, brawniest, brawnily, brawniness
USAGE EXAMPLES
This demanded more brawn, but the outcome was still the same.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The team was renamed Brawn, and Button had to decide whether to accept a 50 percent cut in his salary.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Playing a young surfer forced to battle a great white shark, Lively is a mix of brawn and brain.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 强壮的肌肉; 强健的体力; 碎猪肉冻
分布：名词(100%)
→来自zero-grade 词根br, 烧，烤，同burn, brew. 原指烧牛肉，后指经常吃牛肉的人。
US [brɑ:n] noun uncountable
STRENGTH 力量
■physical strength and big muscles 体力；发达的肌肉
• She said she preferred brawn to brains (= a man who is physically attractive rather than a clever one). 她说她喜欢肌肉发达的人胜过头脑聪明的人。
UK [brɔ:n] US [brɑ:n] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物 UK meat from the head of a pig, cooked and pressed into a block 猪头肉（肉冻）

Word: bravo
Front: bravo
[ˌbrɑ:ˈvəʊ] (30950/25026)
Back: n. （喝彩声、叫好声）好哇！干得好！; （受雇于人的）杀手; 刺客; 亡命徒
int. 好极了
vt. 向…喝彩叫好
分布：喝彩(46%)，好极了(27%)，喝彩声(16%)，亡命之徒(11%)
歹徒(brav勇敢)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
UK ['--] US ['brɑ:.voʊ] exclamation
■used to express your pleasure when someone, especially a performer, has done something well （喝采声）好！真棒！
n. 喝彩；亡命徒
 - plaudit, acclamation
vt. 喝彩
 - to applaud, cheer for
int. 好极了
 - marvy

Word: cauldron
Front: cauldron
[ˈkɔ:ldrən] (17772/14685 -1)
Vocabulary: cauldron
(once / 3981 pages)
n
A cauldron is a big pot used over an open fire. You may picture the witches in Shakespeare's Macbeth hovering over a cauldron of "Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog" — yum!
The cauldron, while conjuring up images of — well, conjuring — actually came from the Latin root calidus, meaning "hot." We can see this root in other Latin-based languages, including the Spanish caliente and Italian caldo. In English, the word became cauldron — a creepy name for a very useful pot.
WORD FAMILY
cauldron: cauldrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was Game 7 of the World Series, and baseball history was busy pulling the Chicago Cubs back into a boiling cauldron of curses.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Though their art comes complete with smoke, a cauldron, and plenty of flash and fire, these Rawlins women aren’t practicing witchcraft.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“It’s in the cauldron of contradictions in his statements that I don’t see being resolved.”
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 大锅，大汽锅; 煮皂锅; 海釜
分布：大锅(76%)，大汽锅(18%)，=caldron.(6%)
→来自拉丁词calidus, 热的，加热，词源同calorie, 卡路里。
US ['kɑ:l-] noun countable old use or literary
■a large round container for cooking in, usually supported over a fire （通常指架在火上的）大锅
n. 大汽锅，大锅；煮皂锅
 - caldron

Word: calculator
Front: calculator
[ˈkælkjuleɪtə(r)] (四托 11525/8848 -1)
Back: n. 计算器; 计算者; 计算图表
分布：计算器(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a small electronic device which is used for doing calculations 计算机
• a pocket calculator 袖珍计算机
n. [计] 计算器；计算者
 - counter, numerator

Word: causal
Front: causal
[ˈkɔ:zl] (六宝 8904/5218)
Vocabulary: causal
(once / 3231 pages)
adj
Have you ever heard the saying "One thing leads to another"? When one thing is known for certain to cause another thing, then the first thing can be called causal.
Causal is a variation of the word cause, which should be a clue to its meaning. A cause is what makes something happen: the notebook flew across the room because you threw it, so your throwing it was causal. If a bolt of lightning set a statue on fire, the lightning was causal for the fire. Sometimes, we don't know what caused something, so we don't know what was causal. But if you can figure out "Who did it?" or "What did it?," then you've found what's causal.
WORD FAMILY
causal: causality, causally, noncausal+/ causality: causalities/ causation: causations/causative: causatively, noncausative/ cause: causal, causation, causative, caused, causeless, causes, causing/caused: uncaused/causeless: causelessly/causing: causings/uncaused: uncausedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The following January a ministry panel concluded that there is no evidence for a causal association between the HPV vaccine and the reported adverse events.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
This kind of study is good for generating a hypothesis, but not for testing a causal link, Hannaford says.
BBC(Dec 11, 2016)
The review also did not find evidence that obesity was a causal factor for unemployment or that weight-loss achieved through non-surgical treatment led to employment.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 具有因果关系的，构成原因的
分布：原因的(89%)，关于因果的(11%)
【记】源于：cause（n 原因）
【参】casual（adj 偶然的）；causality（n 因果关系）
US ['kɑ:-] formal
adjective
causal relationship/link etc.
■a relationship, link, etc. between two things in which one causes the other 因果关系／联系等
• Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behaviour? 电视暴力和暴力行为之间有因果关系吗？

Word: cremation
Front: cremation
[krəˈmeɪʃn] (19877/16839)
Back: n. 火葬，火化
分布：火葬(61%)，火化(36%)，焚烧(3%)

Word: confluence
Front: confluence
[ˈkɒnfluəns] (托 13507/22175)
Vocabulary: confluence
(once / 4429 pages)
n
Confluence means a flowing together. In a literal sense, it's about rivers. But it's more often used to talk about the coming together of factors or ideas, or of cultures in a diverse city.
Con- means "with," and -fluence sounds like "flow." When things come together like rivers do, flowing from entirely different places, you call that a confluence. If the senior class needs to raise money for a class trip, and the drama club is looking for someone to do concessions during intermission at the school play, that's a confluence of factors.
WORD FAMILY
confluence: confluences+/confluent: confluence, confluently, confluents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The choking first aid posters of yore were a messy confluence of primary colors and a stylized fish skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
An unusual calendar confluence means consumers are getting a later start on their holiday shopping.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
“It became our way of saying goodbye, essentially. It was a really beautiful confluence of art and life.”
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. <术>（河流的）汇合处; 汇流处; <正>（事物的）汇合; 汇流
分布：汇合(76%)，合流(24%)
→con-, 强调。-flu, 流，见flu, fluent.
汇流(con+flu流＋ence→共同流→汇流)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
汇流(con+flu+ence)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
汇流(con共同+flu流+ence)[-ence表名词"性质,状态"]
【记】con一起，flu流－流到一起－汇流
【参】superfluous（adj 多余的）；affluence（n 富裕，富足）
【反】divergence（n 分歧）
US ['kɑ:n-] specialized
noun countable
■the place where two rivers flow together and become one larger river （河流）汇合处，汇流点
n. （河流的）汇合、汇流点；（人或物的）聚集
 - collection, clustering, gather

Word: consul
Front: consul
[ˈkɒnsl] (六宝 19215/12699 -1)
Vocabulary: consul
(once / 215 pages)
n
A consul is a diplomat appointed to live in a foreign country, to protect both her country's interests and citizens living abroad. If you're an American living in Poland, take your troubles to the American consul.
In ancient Rome, there were two consuls elected every year to be in charge of the whole city. Like many words, this one developed new meanings and spellings. One of those is council, like your city council, who make up part of city government. The other is consul in the modern sense: the person from one country who is appointed to represent his country to a foreign government.
WORD FAMILY
consul: consular, consuls, consulship+/consular: consulate / consulate: consulates/consulship: consulships
USAGE EXAMPLES
He earlier was Greece’s ambassador to Libya and worked as consul in Rio from 2001-2004.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He earlier was Greece’s ambassador to Libya and worked as consul in Rio from 2001-04.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Between the Brazil stints, Mr. Amiridis was Greece’s consul general in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and ambassador to Libya, among other postings.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 领事; （古罗马共和国时期）执政官
分布：领事(100%)
→con-, 强调。-sul, 带来，召集，词源同counsel, 原指把长老院召集在一起协商公共事务，后指古罗马派遣到本土之外管理其它属地的长官，现指领事，领事馆。
【记】council（n 理事会；参议会；顾问班子）
US ['kɑ:nt-] noun countable
■an official chosen by a government to live in a foreign city, in order to take care of people from the official's own country who travel or live there, and to protect the trade interests of that government 领事
• the British Consul 英国领事

Word: chink
Vocabulary: chink
(once / 1698 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A chink is a very narrow opening or crack. A chink in your bedroom curtains might let enough early morning sunlight in that you'll wake up before your alarm goes off.
Use the word chink to describe the slightest gap between slats in a blind or crevice between two rocks on a cliff. Sometimes the light that shows through this space is also called a chink; "Just a chink of light shone beneath the shade on the airplane window." Chink comes from the Old English cinu, "fissure," and the related cinan, "to crack or split."
WORD FAMILY
chink: chinked, chinking, chinks
USAGE EXAMPLES
This time there was a chink of light for the country.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
The Dane saw a chink of goal to aim at.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
But the study’s results allowed scientists to exploit the chink in HIV’s armor, reformulate the drug and bring it back for another clinical trial.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)

Word: drake
Front: drake
[dreɪk] (30272/12926)
Back: n. 公鸭，蜉蝣类
分布：公鸭(80%)，用作鱼饵的蜉(20%)
→来自古英语*andraca, 鸭王，公鸭，*and, 绒鸭，词源同ennet. -raca, 王，词源同regal.
noun countable
■a male duck (= water bird) 公鸭

Word: domicile
Front: domicile
[ˈdɒmɪsaɪl] (宝 28129/17403)
Vocabulary: domicile
(once / 3057 pages)
nv
Domicile is a fancy word for the place where you live. Whether it's a mansion on 5th Avenue or a tee-pee in the desert, if you live in it, it's your domicile.
Do you live somewhere? Such as in a house, on a houseboat, or in an apartment? Then you have a domicile, or simply, housing. Or in the eyes of the law, your legal place of residence. You can turn domicile into a verb, and say that you are currently domiciled in the Caribbean — but you'd really only use that terminology if you were on trial for tax evasion.
WORD FAMILY
domicile: domiciled, domiciles, domiciliary, domiciling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rexnord, headquartered in Milwaukee, is packing up its Indianapolis operations to resettle in the same Mexican city that Carrier had picked for its new domicile.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
The Treasury effectively blocked Pfizer last year from a so-called tax inversion merger with Allergan, a smaller company with Ireland as its tax domicile.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
The state Elections Code defines residence for voting purposes as a "domicile," a home where one intends to remain and return to after an absence.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 住处; 永久住处
vt. 定居
时态：domiciled, domiciling, domicils
分布：住所(88%)，住宅(12%)
→来自拉丁语domus, 家，词源同domain. 用于法律名词住所。
住宅(domic家+ile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
US ['dɑ:.mə-] formal or legal
noun countable
■the place where a person lives 居住地，住址
n. 住宅；永久居住地； [金融] 期票支付场所
 - residence, home
vi. 居住
 - belong, room, harbor, live, dwell

Word: cushy
Front: cushy
[ˈkʊʃi] (20275/34954)
Back: adj. 容易的，轻松的
级别：cushier, cushiest
分布：形容词(75%)，名词(25%)
→来自印度语。
['kʊʃ.i] informal disapproving
adjective
■very easy 轻松的；容易的；舒适的
• a cushy job 轻松的工作
• UK a cushy number (= an easy job or situation) 轻松的工作；安逸的环境
adj. 轻松的；容易的；轻松又容易赚钱的
 - easy, light, easiest

Word: demographer
Front: demographer
[dɪ'mɒɡrəfə(r)] (17942/38918)
Back: n. 人口统计学家
分布：人口统计学家(100%)
US [-'mɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
■a person who studies changes in numbers of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in an area over a period of time 人口统计学家

Word: exterior
Front: exterior
[ɪkˈstɪəriə(r)] (研四六托雅 8761/8714 -1)
Vocabulary: exterior
(once / 735 pages)
adjn
Something that's exterior is on the outside of some structure or object. An exterior door on a house opens to the outdoors, rather than connecting one room to another.
Exterior house paint is made for painting the shingles or siding of your home, not the walls of your living room, and the exterior finish of a car is on the outside. You can also use exterior as a noun, to mean the outside of something: "The exterior of this salad bowl is a weird shade of yellow." Exterior is a Latin word, a comparative of exterus, "on the outside, outward, or foreign."
WORD FAMILY
exterior: exteriorise, exteriorize, exteriorly, exteriors+/exteriorise: exteriorisation/exteriorize: exteriorization, exteriorized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Planned work on the 161-year-old home includes mechanical system upgrades, landscape and grounds improvements, security enhancements and interior and exterior restoration work.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From the exterior, the building possesses none of Prince’s flash.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Exterior materials include stainless steel, stucco and concrete.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 外部，外面，表面，外形，外观; 外貌; [影视]外景，[戏，影视]户外布景
adj. 外面的，外部的，外表上的，表面的
分布：外部(67%)，外表(19%)，外部的(6%)，外景(4%)，表面的(3%)，户外的(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-ter, 比较级后缀，见alternate.
外部的,外形的(exter+ior表形容词,如：interior内部的)[extr(e),exter=out表示"出去"]
外部的(exter外)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
a.外部的,外面的n.外部The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
US [-'stɪr.i.ɚ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■outer; on or from the outside 外面的；外表的；外来的
• In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink. 在一些村子里，房屋外墙被漆成粉红色。
• Exterior to the main house there is a small building that could be used as an office or studio. 房屋的主要单位外有一个小屋，可以用作办公室或工作间。
⇒ See also external
UK [ɪk'stɪə.ri.ər] US [-'stɪr.i.ɚ] noun countable
■the outside part of something or someone 外部；外表；外面
• The Palace of Fontainebleau has a very grand exterior. 枫丹白露宫殿的外观雄伟壮丽。
• The exterior of the house needs painting. 房屋的外墙要漆一漆了。
• There are shutters on the exterior of the windows. 窗子外面装有百叶窗。
• Behind that cold exterior there's a passionate man. 这是个外表冷酷内心炽热的男人。
outward, outer, exterior, external, outside
这组词都有“外部的”的意思，其区别是：
outward: 多指空间关系或方向上向外的。
outer: 主要提离开中心或内部较远的，或指比较在外的。
exterior: 强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分，较正式。
external: 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容，只说明全然是外部的。
outside: 指超出某种界限之外的。
adj. 外部的；表面的；外在的
 - outer, outside, surface, facial
n. 外部；表面；外型；外貌
 - aspect, without, colour

Word: euphrates

Word: elevator
Front: elevator
[ˈelɪveɪtə(r)] (研四六托雅 3871/12407 -K1)
Vocabulary: elevator
(once / 989 pages)
n
An elevator is a machine that carries passengers to higher and lower floors in a tall building. Even though you usually take the stairs to your apartment, when you're exhausted you might decide to take the elevator instead.
Most elevators run on electricity, although in the 19th century the first elevators used steam power to move heavy goods in coal mines. Today, elevators are legally required in tall buildings, so that people who aren't able to climb stairs have access to all floors. In the 1640's, elevator meant "muscles used to raise the body," from the Latin elevator, "one who raises up."
WORD FAMILY
elevator: elevators+/ elevate: elevated, elevates, elevating, elevation, elevator / elevated: elevateds/ elevation: elevations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He posted short videos from the elevator on Twitter.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Virginia-based company bought two Ohio grain elevators in September.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Everyone paused, looking for an elevator or alternate route.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 电梯; 升降机（美）; 谷仓
分布：斗式皮带输送机(50%)，飞机升降舵(50%)
→e-, 向外。-lev, 举起，轻，词源同light , lever.
电梯,升降机(elevate+or)[lev,live=raise,lighten,表示"提高,举起,变轻"]
n.电梯,升降机The electrical connection in the photoelectric elevator involves electronics.光电升降机内的电气连接涉及到电子学.
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable US (UK lift)
■a small room which carries people or goods up and down in tall buildings 电梯
■a moving strip which can be used for unloading goods from a ship, putting bags onto an aircraft, moving grain into a store, etc. （装有传送带，用以卸货、装货或搬运粮食入库的）升降机，起卸机
n. 电梯； [机] 升降机；升降舵；起卸机
 - lift, moving staircase

Word: exploratory
Front: exploratory
[ɪkˈsplɒrətri] (10416/11339 -1)
Back: adj. 探索的，考察的，探索的; “explorative”的变体; 试探性
分布：探索的(60%)，勘探的(40%)
US [-'splɑ:.rə.tɔ:r.i] adjective
■in order to discover more about something 探索的；考察的；勘探的
• an exploratory expedition to Antarctica 南极远征勘探队
• She's having some exploratory tests done to find out what's causing the illness. 她正在接受一些检查以查明病因。
• We're having an exploratory meeting next week to talk about (= a meeting in order to examine) the possibility of merging the two companies. 我们下星期将进行试探性会谈，探讨两家公司合并的可能性。
adj. 勘探的；探究的；考察的
 - expeditionary

Word: handbook
Front: handbook
[ˈhændbʊk] (研六雅 13017/7778 -1)
Vocabulary: handbook
(once / 713 pages)
n
A handbook is a guide or list of instructions on one particular subject. A new car comes with a handbook explaining how its controls work and giving tips for problems that arise. Sometimes new parents wish their newborn infant came with a handbook.
A handbook is a type of reference book, offering information about a topic or a machine. Your bird handbook might include pictures of birds in your region, and the handbook that came with your blender will tell you how to use it and also might include several smoothie recipes. In Old English, it was handboc, though in Middle English this was replaced by manual, thought at the time to be a much prettier word.
WORD FAMILY
handbook: handbooks
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no road map to follow, no handbook to read.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each school received a starter kit and handbook to design and build one VEX brand robot.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the 1960s, a handbook was constructed of promoted, Godly conduct, and of restricted behaviors that might lead to sin.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 手册; 指南
分布：手册(86%)，指南(14%)
→比喻用法。
n.手册,指南The handicapped man got a second-hand handout of shorthand handbook beforehand.残疾人事先得到了一本二手速记手册施舍品.
noun countable
■a book which contains instructions or advice about how to do something or the most important and useful information about a subject 手册，指南
• The student handbook gives details of all courses. 学生手册中有所有课程的详细介绍。
n. [图情] 手册；指南
 - manual, guide, notebook

Word: fluff
Front: fluff
[flʌf] (雅 17394/20458 -1)
Vocabulary: fluff
(once / 1959 pages)
1nv 2vn
Fluff is a soft, light puffy or feathery material. Your pet angora rabbit is covered in fluff, and when you blow the down off a dandelion, you can call that fluff too.
A department store window designer might use white cotton fluff as snow in his holiday display, and a bored dog might pull the fluff out of every pillow in the house while you're at work. The word fluff is also a verb meaning "to shake or ruffle until something looks fuller." It's also a great way to describe something meaningless or frivolous: "I had high hopes for the newspaper article, but it was just fluff."
WORD FAMILY
fluff: fluffed, fluffing, fluffs, fluffy +/ fluffy: fluffier, fluffiest, fluffily, fluffiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because I am a Type A, there’s not a lot of room for fluff, typically.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The grass-fed meat, cooked long and slow with about 16 spices, sits atop a generous mound of rice, each tiny grain perfectly thin and fluffed.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 绒毛，软毛; 小东西; 浮浅的娱乐; [非正式]失误
vt. 使松软; 搞糟，失去; 忘记或说错了台词
vi. 变得松软; [非正式]忘词
时态：fluffed, fluffing, fluffs
分布：绒毛(72%)，软毛(10%)，搞糟(8%)，无价值物(5%)，忘词(5%)
→来自拉丁语vellus, 羊毛，词源同wool, fleece. 或来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，词源同flap, flop. 用来指绒毛，绒屑。
noun uncountable
SOFT MASS 柔软的团
■small loose bits of wool or other soft material, or the down (= soft new hairs) on a young animal 绒毛；蓬松毛团；（幼兽的）绒毛
• He brushed the fluff off his coat. 他刷掉了外套上的绒毛。
[flʌf] noun uncountable
ENTERTAINMENT 娱乐 US entertainment that is not serious or valuable 无意义的娱乐
[flʌf] verb transitive (US also flub) informal
■to fail something or do it badly 搞砸；弄糟
• I fluffed my driving test three times before I finally got it. 我搞砸了三次驾驶考试，之后才最终通过。
• All the time I was acting with him, I never once heard him fluff his lines (= say something wrong when acting). 我一直和他一起表演，一次也没听到过他说错台词。
[flʌf] verb transitive (US also flub) informal
  Phrasal Verbs  fluff sth up
■to make something appear bigger or full of air by hitting or shaking it 拍松；抖散
• I'll just fluff up your pillows for you. 我来为你把枕头拍松。
n. 绒毛；错误；无价值的东西
 - error, mistake, fault, down
vi. [纸] 起毛；出错；变松
 - go awry, make mistakes

Word: grassland
Front: grassland
[ˈgrɑ:slænd] (11859/10622 -1)
Back: n. 草原; 牧场; 草地
分布：草地(95%)，牧场(5%)
US ['græs-] noun countable or uncountable
■a large area of land covered with grass 草原；草场
• the grasslands of North America 北美洲草原
n. 草原； [畜牧] 牧草地
 - veldt, pastureland

Word: fitter
Front: fitter
[ˈfɪtə(r)] (25042/11448)
Back: adj. 适当的，胜任的
分布：装配工(58%)，胜任的(17%)，适当的(17%)，形容词fit的比较级形式.(8%)
US ['fɪtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to repair or put together equipment or machines 修理工；装配工
• an engine fitter 引擎修理工
• a gas fitter 煤气设备装修工
■someone whose job is to cut and fit especially clothes or carpets 试衣裁缝；试样裁缝；地毯安装工
• a carpet fitter 地毯安装工
n. [机] 装配工
 - assemblererector, ship-fitter
adj. 胜任的；适当的
 - competent, suitable, adequate, appropriate, proper

Word: hatchet
Front: hatchet
[ˈhætʃɪt] (托宝 17797/20722 -1)
Back: n. 短柄小斧; 言归于好
adj. 瘦削而棱角分明的
分布：短柄小斧(67%)，战斧(33%)
→来自古法语hache,斧子，战斧，来自kop,砍，劈，词源同ship,shape,scapula,-et,小词后缀。
【记】hatch孵化，et小：如果小鸡孵化不出来，可以用短柄小斧把它劈出来
noun countable
■a small axe (= tool with a blade which cuts when you hit things with it) 小斧头
vt. 用短柄小斧砍伐；扼杀
 - kill, snuff out

Word: immortal
Front: immortal
[ɪˈmɔ:tl] (六托宝 11365/11369 -1)
Vocabulary: immortal
(once / 212 pages)
adjn
Immortal describes what will never die. Do you like vampires? Those blood-suckers are immortal, and will live forever — except, of course, if you drive a stake through their heart.
The word immortal can refer a supernatural being who is worshipped by others, or is a divinity or God in human form, like the gods of Greek and Roman mythology. Immortal can also mean "a person whose fame lasts for many years." If you're a sports legend or a well-known author, you may be remembered as an immortal in your field. Immortal comes from the Old French word immortalité, meaning "deathlessness."
WORD FAMILY
immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals+/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortality: immortalities/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie ends, of course, with the immortal “That’ll do, pig,” and with Hoggett and Babe gazing beatifically at each other.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
In terms of accessibility, their looks are immortal.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
“We will follow his immortal example,” he said.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不死的; 永恒的，不朽的; 神的; 流芳百世的
n. 神仙; 流芳百世的人; 不朽的作家
分布：不朽的(65%)，神(31%)，不朽的人物(2%)，永世的(2%)
→im-,不，非，mortal,凡人，终有一死的。
不朽的(im+mortal死的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
不朽的(im不+mortal→不死的)[mort=death,表示"死"]
【记】im不，mort死，al－不死的－不朽的
【参】postmortem（adj 死后发生的）；mortify（v 克服；使苦恼；坏死）
US [-'mɔ:r.tˌəl] adjective
■living or lasting forever 永生的；永存的
• immortal God 永生的上帝
• The priest said he was endangering his immortal soul. 神父说他正在危及自己不朽的灵魂。
■very special and famous and therefore likely to be remembered for a long time 不朽的，流芳百世的
• In the immortal words of Samuel Goldwyn, "Include me out". 用塞缪尔‧戈尔德温那句不朽的名言来说就是：“把我包括在外。”
UK [ɪ'mɔ:.təl] US [-'mɔ:r.tˌəl] noun literary
countable
■someone who is so famous that they are remembered for a long time after they are dead 不朽的人物
• She is one of the immortals of classical opera. 她是古典歌剧不朽的演唱家之一。
the immortals [plural]
■the Greek or Roman gods （希腊或罗马神话中的）诸神
adj. 不朽的；神仙的；长生的
 - eternal, monumental
n. 神仙；不朽人物
 - jinnee, djinni

Word: helix
Front: helix
[ˈhi:lɪks] (22645/17577)
Vocabulary: helix
(once / 21807 pages)
n
A helix is a twisted, spiral shape, like a corkscrew. In math, a helix is defined as "a curve in three-dimensional space." If you have ever seen a spiral staircase, you can envision the shape of a helix.
To picture the shape of a helix, imagine the coil of a spring inside a sofa, or the shape the threads of a screw make, curling in a spiral. When you hear the word helix, you may think of a double helix, which resembles two interconnected spirals and describes the shape of human DNA. In both Latin and Greek, helix means "spiral" or "spiral-shaped thing."
WORD FAMILY
helix: helical, helices, helixes+/helical: helically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two vexing issues screw through the novel like a double helix.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
A large statue of a bulldog with a double helix painted across its torso glowers in front of the Biotest Plasma Center.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
One participant in the Public Genome Project was James Watson, co-discoverer of the double helix structure of DNA.
Nature(Sep 06, 2016)
Back: n. 螺旋结构
分布：螺旋(92%)，耳轮(4%)，螺旋状物(4%)
→来自拉丁语helix,螺旋的，来自wel,转，旋转，词源同involve,whelk.引申词义螺旋形。
螺旋线[helic=spiral,表示"螺旋"]
noun countable (plural helices) specialized
■a curve that goes around a central tube or cone shape in the form of a spiral 螺旋（形）
n. [数] [建] 螺旋，螺旋状物； [解剖] 耳轮
 - screw, spiral

Word: jade
Front: jade
[dʒeɪd] (宝 16319/10730 -1)
Vocabulary: jade
(once / 1313 pages)
1nadj 2vn
Jade is a deep green gemstone that's used in jewelry and ornaments. Your most beloved possession might be an antique jade brooch that belonged to your great-grandmother.
Jade is a mineral that's mined, cut, and polished to make gems, sculptures, and other art objects. You can also use the word jade to talk about the typical green color of the stone — you might describe the color of your new car, for example, as jade green. Yet another meaning of jade is "become bored or tired," along with the more common adjective, jaded, or "lacking enthusiasm."
WORD FAMILY
jade: jaded, jades, jading+/ jaded: jadedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other contestants will include fellow Olympians Louis Smith and Jade Jones, and model Caprice Bourret.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Venus Williams, a former champion in Auckland, is due to play New Zealand wildcard entry Jade Lewis on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But here’s the key question: for jaded Israelis almost defiantly committed to political stagnation, will it matter?
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 玉，翡翠; 翡翠色; 劣马，驽马; [宝] 碧玉
adj. 玉制的; 翡翠色的; 绿玉色的
v. （使）疲; （使）疲惫不堪; （使）精疲力尽
时态：jaded, jading, jades
分布：翡翠(50%)，玉石(46%)，翡翠色(4%)
→来自法语le jade,来自西班牙语piedra de la ijada,冶疗肾病的玉石，来自piedra,石头，词源同petrify,ijada,回肠，肾部。据说这种石头可以治疗和缓解肾部疾病而得名。jade 老马
noun uncountable
■a precious green stone from which jewellery and small models are made, especially in China and Japan 玉；翡翠
• jade earrings 翡翠耳环
n. 翡翠； [宝] 碧玉；老马
 - jadite, jasper
vi. 疲倦
 - weary of, get tired
vt. 使疲倦
 - pooh, poh

Word: itinerant
Front: itinerant
[aɪˈtɪnərənt] (托宝 16178/18707)
Vocabulary: itinerant
(once / 3680 pages)
adjn
An itinerant is a person who moves from place to place, typically for work, like the itinerant preacher who moves to a new community every few years.
Itinerant is pronounced "eye-TIN-er-ant." It might remind you of itinerary, the traveler's schedule that lists flights, hotel check-in times, and other plans. It's no surprise that both words come from the Latin word itinerare, meaning "to travel." Itinerant was first used in the 16th century to describe circuit judges who traveled to faraway courtrooms. Today, almost anyone can be an itinerant.
WORD FAMILY
itinerant: itinerantly, itinerants
USAGE EXAMPLES
This itinerant pop music festival is actually a series of one-off daylong festivals in cities like Singapore and Sydney, Australia.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“He was not some itinerant vagabond,” Davis said.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
The shearers, itinerant workers who typically live in cities the rest of the year, will visit multiple homesteads throughout the season.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 巡回的，流动的
n. 巡回者（如传教士、行商等）
分布：巡回的(43%)，流动的(36%)，巡回者(21%)
→来自itinerary,旅程，行程表。引申词义巡回的，流动的。
巡回的(itiner是it变体+ant→走的→走来走去的)[it=go,表示"行走"]
US [-ɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■travelling from one place to another, usually to work for a short period （工作）巡回的，流动的
• an itinerant journalist/labourer/preacher 四处奔波的记者／流动劳工／巡回传道者
adj. 巡回的；流动的
 - floating, fluid, flowing, road, running
n. 巡回者；行商
 - circuiter, pedlery

Word: loft
Front: loft
[lɒft] (宝 7794/8017 -1)
Vocabulary: loft
(once / 1511 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
When you loft something, you throw it high into the air, the way a baseball player might loft a ball from the outfield all the way to first base.
Any way you propel an object — whether you throw, kick, or slingshot it — if it launches up and across a distance, you loft it. Another kind of loft is the large, open space above a warehouse or shop in which people live or work. Artists are particularly well known for having apartments or studios in lofts. This is closest to the word's original meaning, "an upper chamber," from the Old English loft, which means "the sky."
WORD FAMILY
loft: lofted, lofting, lofts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The choir in the 300 level loft is robed in matching apparel.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A ribbon-cutting was held for the new Lodge & Loft on Friday, Dec. 30.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Market-rate lofts on the southern edge of the precinct presage a wave of gentrification.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 阁楼; 顶楼; 鸽房; 干草仓
vt. 把…储放在阁楼内; 推入高弧线; 在鸽房里养鸽子
vi. 将球高击; 高高地升到空中
时态：lofted, lofting, lofts
分布：阁楼(100%)
→词源同lift,举起。引申词义高空，阁楼。
【参】lofty（adj 高高的；崇高的）
【反】ignominious（adj 可耻的）；mean（adj 卑鄙的）cast down（下降的）
US [lɑ:ft] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a space at the top of a building under the roof used for storage and usually entered by a ladder , or sometimes made into a room 阁楼，顶楼
• The firm specializes in loft conversions (= making lofts into rooms). 该公司专门从事阁楼改造。
 ADVANCED US
■an upper floor or room 顶层；顶层房间
■an apartment in a large building that was previously used for industry （由工业用建筑改建的）公寓
UK [lɒft] US [lɑ:ft] verb transitive
■to hit a ball high 向高处击；击（高球）
n. 阁楼； [建] 顶楼；鸽房
 - garret, mezzanine floor

Word: magician
Front: magician
[məˈdʒɪʃn] (六托 9416/11765 -1)
Vocabulary: magician
(once / 839 pages)
n
A magician does magic tricks. You might hire a magician to pull rabbits out of hats and do card tricks at your next birthday party.
A performer whose specialty is sleight-of-hand and other illusions is one kind of magician. Another magician is the kind who makes real magic, casting spells and summoning spirits. More people believe in the first kind of magician — who is simply pretending to do magic — than the second. The word stems from the Old French magiciien, "magician or sorcerer," which is rooted in the Greek word for "magical," magikos.
WORD FAMILY
magician: magicians+/ magic: magical, magician, magics/ magical: magically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
When he became a magician, Houdini started to call himself Harry Houdini after the French magician Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Will somebody remind me to talk about The Magicians?
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 魔术师; 巫师; 变戏法的人
分布：魔术师(97%)，术士(3%)
→来自magic,魔术，魔力。
noun countable
■a person who has magic powers in stories, or who performs tricks for entertainment 巫师，魔法师；魔术师
• Merlin was the magician in the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. 梅林是“亚瑟王与圆桌武士”故事中的巫师。
• There'll be a magician at the kids' Christmas party. 孩子的圣诞聚会上会有一位魔术师。
n. 魔术师，变戏法的人
 - conjuror, sorcerer

Word: irreconcilable
Front: irreconcilable
[ɪˈrekənsaɪləbl] (托宝 19521/20139)
Vocabulary: irreconcilable
(once / 3432 pages)
adj
Your dad wants Mozart in the car and you want Eminem? That's an irreconcilable difference right there — two tastes or ideas or preferences so different from each other there can be no compatibility or middle ground. Diplomacy can't help, only headphones.
Where would divorce lawyers be without this lovely word irreconcilable? Their clients don't just have differences with their spouses, they have "irreconcilable differences" — in other words, demands or points of view so distant from each other they can never be bought together. Bye-bye marriage, hello legal fees.
WORD FAMILY
irreconcilable: irreconcilably+/reconcilable: irreconcilable, unreconcilable/ reconcile: reconcilable, reconciled, reconciler, reconciles, reconciliation, reconciling/ reconciled: unreconciled/reconciler: reconcilers/ reconciliation: reconciliations/reconciling: reconcilingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A complication is the conflict over jurisdiction, whereby laws in one country are irreconcilable with those in another.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
This series of irreconcilable tasks means shelters across the city get used to familiar faces.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“In certain districts there remain groups of radical fighters and irreconcilable gangs, who are firing on Syrian forces,” the Russian statement said.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. （观点、目标或争议）不可调和的，不相容的
分布：矛盾的(40%)，不能和解的(34%)，不能协调的(26%)
→ir-,不，非，reconcilable,可调和的。
不可调和的(ir不+reconcile+able能...的)[cil=call,表示"召集"]
【记】reconcilable（adj 可和解的；可调和的）
adjective
■impossible to find agreement between or with; impossible to deal with 不可调和的；难以应付的
• irreconcilable differences of opinion 不可化解的意见分歧
• They have become irreconcilable, with both sides refusing to compromise any further. 他们双方都拒绝进一步妥协，和解已经不可能了。
adj. 矛盾的；不能和解的；不能协调的
 - contradictory, conflictive

Word: moth
Front: moth
[mɒθ] (托 8580/8996 -1)
Back: n. 飞蛾，蛾子
分布：蛾(95%)，蠹(5%)
→来自古英语mothe,蛾子，来自mu,蚊子，小昆虫，拟声词，模仿蚊子嗡嗡的声音，词源同moth,midge.
【记】《沉默的羔羊》的宣传画报上moth和mouth在一起
【反】moth-eaten（adj 虫蛀的；破旧的）－fresh and new
US [mɑ:θ] noun countable
■an insect with wings which is similar to a butterfly , usually flies at night, and is attracted to light 蛾，飞蛾
• Some types of moth eat holes in clothes. 某些种类的飞蛾会蛀蚀衣物。
n. [昆] 蛾；蛀虫
 - miller, deathwatch beetle

Word: monopolist
Front: monopolist
[məˈnɒpəlɪst] (27498/27388)
Back: n. 专利者; 大资本家
分布：垄断者(73%)，独占者(18%)，独占论者(9%)
n. 垄断者；独占者；专利者
 - cornerer

Word: pac
Front: pac
[pæk] (-/17798)
Back: n. 油皮鞋，派克靴

Word: negate
Front: negate
[nɪˈgeɪt] (托宝 12350/14131 -1)
Vocabulary: negate
(once / 264 pages)
v
If something neutralizes the effect of something else, then you can say the effect is negated. Hanging a disco ball from your living room ceiling negates the sleek modern effect created by the contemporary furniture.
If something is proved false or untrue, it has been negated. The discovery of one dinosaur jaw negated the conventional wisdom that all dinosaurs were vegetarians, since the tooth structure proved that guy definitely ate meat. The verb negate can also mean to counteract or counterbalance — so a really strong serve can negate your other weaknesses on the tennis court.
WORD FAMILY
negate: negated, negates, negating, negation, negative +/ negation: negations/ negative: negatived, negatively, negativeness, negatives, negativing, negativism, negativity, nonnegative/negativism: negativisms, negativist/negativist: negativists/ negativity: negativities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In revoking an official’s commission that was issued after Senate confirmation, the president is negating a specific and official Senate act.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
He said he looked forward to working with President-elect Donald Trump “to negate the harmful effects of this absurd resolution.”
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
After Friday’s vote, Netanyahu’s office said he looked forward to working with Trump “to negate the harmful effects of this absurd resolution.”
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 取消，使无效; 否定，否认; 使作废
vi. 否定，否认; 无效
n. 反面，对立面
时态：negated, negating, negates
分布：否定(78%)，否认(12%)，使无效(10%)
→来自拉丁语negare,否认，否定，说不，词源同no,deny.
否认;取消(neg+ate)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
【记】neg（否认），ate一否认；negation（n 否定）
【参】abnegation（自我否认）；neglect（忽视）
[nɪ'geɪt] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to have no effect 使无效，取消
• The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business. 我们的盈利增长被日益增加的经营成本所抵销。
vt. 否定；取消；使无效
 - deny, recall
vi. 否定；否认；无效
 - deny, to no avail
n. 对立面；反面
 - opposite, contrary

Word: morass
Front: morass
[məˈræs] (宝 19432/21135)
Vocabulary: morass
(once / 2936 pages)
n
A morass is a mushy, muddy patch of ground that you might find in a bog. In other words, it's something you probably don't want to get stuck in.
The noun morass comes from the Dutch word moeras, meaning "marsh" or "fen." More metaphorically, just like its synonyms mire and quagmire, morass refers to anything that bogs you down, overwhelms you, and hinders your progress — like red tape, for example. You might refer to a "political morass" when the government cannot seem to pass legislation. Whether a morass is physical or metaphorical, it's a sticky mess you'll most likely want to avoid.
WORD FAMILY
morass: morasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
This, says Mr. Bhagwati, creates a “spaghetti bowl” of regulations, armies of lawyers and new elites organized to cut their way through the morass.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
This British thriller is a high-concept tease that slogs its way through a morass of barely differentiated characters and visuals before reaching an unsatisfying conclusion.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Though decent vocational and proprietary institutions do exist amid this morass, far too many players in this industry operate primarily on avarice.
Slate(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 缠作一团; 困境; <文>沼泽; 陷阱
分布：困境(52%)，沼泽(41%)，陷阱(7%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*mari,湖，海，词源同moor,marsh,marine.即像湖一样的，后用于指湿地，沼泽。引申词义困境。
【记】mor＝more，ass驴，很多驴子在周围－陷入困境mor死，ass＝assist：帮助你死的方法就是把你扔进沼泽。
noun countable usually singular
COMPLICATED SITUATION 复杂处境
■something that is extremely complicated and difficult to deal with and makes any progress almost impossible 泥沼；困境
• The morass of rules and regulations is delaying the start of the project. 繁冗的规章制度拖延了专案计划的启动。
[mə'ræs] noun countable usually singular
WET GROUND 沼泽 literary
■an area of soft wet ground in which it is easy to get stuck 沼泽，泥淖
n. 沼泽；困境；乱糟糟的一堆
 - difficulty, corner, dilemma, fix

Word: perdue

Word: paraphrase
Front: paraphrase
[ˈpærəfreɪz] (托雅宝 12845/16215)
Vocabulary: paraphrase
(once / 2435 pages)
vn
The verb paraphrase means to sum something up or clarify a statement by rephrasing it. So to paraphrase that explanation, it means to say something in other, simpler words.
If you break paraphrase down, you end up with the prefix para, meaning "beside," and the word phrase — so think of paraphrase as coming up with similar, more simple phrases that go beside the ones already said. You might paraphrase your teacher’s lesson because you want to simplify her complicated technical language, or because you forgot exactly what she said but remember the general meaning.
WORD FAMILY
paraphrase: paraphrased, paraphrases, paraphrasing, paraphrastic+/paraphrastic: paraphrastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
For that, I paraphrase John Donne: Ask not for whom the rooster crows.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But those close to the inmate are also affected: To paraphrase an old saying, when someone serves time, the family serves it with them.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Or, to paraphrase The Who, the new boss figures to be the same as the old boss in 2017.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 释义，意译; 演释曲
vt. 改述
vi. 改述; 意译
时态：paraphrased, paraphrasing, paraphrases
分布：释义(66%)，改写(17%)，解述(17%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-phrase,说，告知，词源同phrase,phrasebook.引申词义解释，音译。
【记】para旁边，phrase语言－写在旁边的语言－注释；意译
US ['per-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer （以幽默或更简短、清晰的方式）意译，解释，改述
translation, paraphrase, version
这组词都有“翻译，译文”的意思，其区别是：
translation: 普通用词，指从一种语言到另一种语言的翻译。
paraphrase: 可指非常自由的解释，不拘泥遣词造句，重在传意。通常指用同样语言深入浅出地解释艰深的句子或段落。
version: 可与translation换用，尤指不拘泥于文字的意译，更常指某种作品的一种译文。
vt. 改述
 - rephrase
vi. 释义；意译
 - free translation

Word: pellet
Front: pellet
[ˈpelɪt] (11829/8125 -1)
Vocabulary: pellet
(once / 3905 pages)
n
A pellet is a small, rounded piece of something, especially a compressed nugget of some material. Many pets eat food that comes in pellets, including some fish, rabbits, and guinea pigs.
You might feed your pet rat pellets each day, or heat your house by burning pellets made of compressed sawdust in a special kind of stove. When it hails or sleets, tiny pellets of ice fall from the sky, and your cousin's BB gun works by shooting tiny metal pellets from its barrel. Pellet is from the Old French pelote, "small ball," which has the Latin pelote, or "ball," as its root.
WORD FAMILY
pellet: pellets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Only the pollution released when wood pellets are produced and transported is counted on climate ledgers.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Investigators later determined that Trotter’s weapon was a pellet gun.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A spokesman later said the weapon was a pellet gun.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 小球; 小子弹; 石弹，炮弹; （货币等的）圆浮雕
v. 用小球扔; 用子弹射击; 将…制成丸状; 把…弄成小球形
分布：小球(83%)，小子弹(17%)
→来自拉丁语pila,球，球丸，词源同pill.-et,小词后缀。
noun countable
■a small hard ball or tube-shaped piece of any substance 小硬球；小丸；颗粒状物
• iron/lead/wax/plastic/paper pellets 铁／铅／蜡／塑胶／纸丸
• food pellets 食物颗粒
■the solid waste of particular animals （某些动物的）粪球
• rabbit/sheep pellets 兔／羊粪
■small metal objects that are shot from some types of gun （枪里射出的）小弹丸，子弹
• airgun pellets 空气枪子弹
• shotgun pellets 猎枪子弹
• a pellet gun 霰弹枪
n. 小球； [军] 小子弹（枪用）
 - glomeruli, spherule

Word: perjury
Front: perjury
[ˈpɜ:dʒəri] (托宝 11196/25111)
Vocabulary: perjury
(once / 2388 pages)
n
Perjury is the act of deliberately lying under oath. A defendant in a murder trial commits perjury when he swears he never met the murder victim before, even though he had a two-year relationship with her.
Although the word perjury contains jury, members of the jury aren't likely to commit perjury, because they're not under oath and haven't sworn to be truthful. A witness in a trial can commit perjury by willfully lying about facts related to the case. Perjury isn't just a little white lie. It's a crime that can land the person who commits it in jail.
WORD FAMILY
perjury: perjuries+/ perjure: perjured, perjurer, perjures, perjuring, perjury /perjurer: perjurers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That opened the path to his impeachment on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The second apparent case of perjury is more recent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Diamond McWoods was booked on charges of perjury, tampering with a witness and false swearing.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 假誓，伪证，伪证罪
分布：伪证罪(67%)，伪誓(20%)，背信弃义(13%)
→来自perjure,作伪证，发假誓。
伪证,假誓(per+jur发誓＋y→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
假誓;伪证(per假+jury→假发誓)[jur,juris=swear,law,表示"发誓,法律"]
【参】jury（n 陪审团）
【反】truthful deposition（真实的作证）
US ['pɝ:.dʒɚ-] legal
noun uncountable
■the crime of telling lies in court when you have promised to tell the truth 伪证罪
• She was sentenced to two years in jail for committing perjury (= telling lies in a law court). 她因犯伪证罪而被判两年徒刑。
n. [法] 伪证；伪誓；背信弃义
 - Punic faith, perfidy

Word: quarrelsome
Front: quarrelsome
[ˈkwɒrəlsəm] (30490/23135)
Vocabulary: quarrelsome
(once / 3262 pages)
adj
When you are quick to pick a fight or disagree, you are quarrelsome. Toddlers are often quarrelsome. So are couples, at least with each other.
If you know that quarrel means to argue or fight, then this is an easy word to figure out. People who are quarrelsome seem to constantly get in fights. Quarrelsome people are often moody or sensitive: any little thing can get them upset. Other people usually don't like to work with or be around quarrelsome folks. However, any of us can get quarrelsome at times, especially when we're under stress or have an empty stomach.
WORD FAMILY
quarrelsome: quarrelsomely, quarrelsomeness, quarrelsomer+/ quarrel: quarreled, quarreler, quarreling, quarrelled, quarreller, quarrelling, quarrels, quarrelsome /quarreler: quarrelers/quarreller: quarrellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He struck Mariam as the sort of quarrelsome young man who relished his authority, who saw offenses everywhere, thought it his birthright to pass judgment.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Both documents were critiqued and altered by quarrelsome peers, but both needed an individual capable of synthesizing and making poetry out of collective ideals.
US News(Oct 24, 2016)
The celebrants add up to a microcosm of humanity: selfish, quarrelsome and noisy.
New York Times(Oct 05, 2016)
Back: adj. <贬>（人）好争吵的，动辄争吵的
分布：好争论的(84%)，喜欢争吵的(16%)
→来自quarrel,争吵，-some,形容词后缀。
好争吵的(quarrel争吵)[-some表形容词"充满…的,具有...倾向的"]
US ['kwɔ:r-] disapproving
adjective
■A quarrelsome person repeatedly argues with other people. 爱争吵的；好口角的
adj. 喜欢吵架的；好争论的
 - disputative, litigious

Word: reconstitute
Front: reconstitute
[ˌri:ˈkɒnstɪtju:t] (宝 15898/15147 -1)
Back: vt. 再组成，再构成; 加水使（脱水食物）复原
时态：reconstituted, reconstituting, reconstitutes
分布：重组(70%)，使恢复原状(30%)
→re-,再，重新，constitute,建立。
重新制定;泡水还原(re重新+constitute构成)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
【记】re重新，constitute（v 组成）
【参】reconstruct（v 重建）
【反】dehydrate（v 使脱水）
US [-'kɑ:n.stə.tu:t] verb transitive
■to change food that has been dried back into its original form by adding water 使（脱水食物）复原
• The powdered milk/egg can be reconstituted by adding water. 奶／鸡蛋粉可以加水复原成牛奶／鸡蛋。
■to change an organization so that it has a different form 重组；改组；改编
• The Health Education Council has been reconstituted as the Health Education Authority. 健康教育委员会已经改组为健康教育局。
vt. 重新设立；重新组成
 - reform

Word: prepay
Front: prepay
['pri:'peɪ] (33639/-)
Back: vt. 预付，先付; 预付（邮资等）
时态：prepaid, prepaying, prepays
分布：预付(100%)
预付(pre+pay付钱)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
vt. 预付；提前缴纳
 - pay in advance

Word: referral
Front: referral
[rɪˈfɜ:rəl] (6506/5211 -1)
Vocabulary: referral
(once / 12682 pages)
n
A referral sends someone somewhere, often for help or advice. You'll need a referral from your doctor in order to see a specialist.
You could also receive a referral for a job, if someone passes along your application. If you're dealing with a big company or institution, you might get tired of the endless referrals from one department to another. Remember that referral has two r's in the middle, “rr,” like a growl.
WORD FAMILY
referral: referrals+/ refer: referable, referee, reference, refering, referral, referred, referring, refers/ referee: refereed, refereeing, referees/ reference: referenced, references, referencing, referential
USAGE EXAMPLES
I get a referral from my doctor and schedule a mammogram.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The court itself might be a source for referrals, and if not then contact the local council on aging.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The court itself might be a source for referrals, and if not, then contact the local council on aging.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 介绍，指引; 受指点者，被介绍者; 转诊病人; 参照
分布：推荐(79%)，转诊病人(11%)，转送(5%)，送交(5%)
US [-'fɝ:.əl] noun
countable or uncountable
■when you direct someone to a different place or person for information, help or action, often to a person or group with more knowledge or power 转诊，转介（指引某人到一个不同的地方或不同的个人处寻求资讯、帮助或行动，通常是把其指引到具有更丰富知识或更高能力的个人或小组处）
• The doctor gave him a referral to (= arranged for him to see) the consultant. 该医生将他转诊到会诊医师那里。
n. 参照；提及；被推举的人；转诊病人
 - mention, allusion

Word: shanxi

Word: ringed
Front: ringed
[rɪŋd] (28049/29346)
Back: adj. 镶环（轮，圈）的，轮状的，被包围的
分布：戴戒指的(67%)，带环的(33%)
adj. 环状的；戴戒指的；有环的；被包围的
 - endless, annulated
v. 围绕；圈出（ring的过去分词）
 - lapped

Word: salaam
Front: salaam
[səˈlɑ:m] (40473/29694)
Back: n. （穆斯林的）额手礼，问安，敬礼
v. 行额手礼
时态：salaamed, salaaming, salaams
分布：行额手礼(48%)，问安(30%)，敬意(15%)，额手之礼(7%)
→伊斯兰教徒打招呼的方式，来自阿拉伯语 salam,和平，平和，来自三字根 s-l-m,平和，平静， 词源同 Islam,Muslim,shalom.
verb intransitive or transitive
■(especially in Muslim countries) to greet someone by bending low from the waist with the front of the right hand against the top of the face （向…）行额手礼（右手掌置额前深弯腰，尤为回教国家的礼仪）
vi. 行额手礼；问候
 - ask after

Word: shrapnel
Front: shrapnel
[ˈʃræpnəl] (13864/16166 -1)
Vocabulary: shrapnel
(once / 2142 pages)
n
Shrapnel refers to the pieces of a bomb, shell, or bullet that has exploded. During wars, many soldiers are treated for shrapnel wounds.
When people are injured or killed by bombs, many of them are hurt by flying shrapnel — sharp, dangerous shards of metal. Shrapnel gets its name from General Henry Shrapnel of the British Army's Royal Artillery, who, during the Peninsular War, invented an exploding shell that broke apart and shattered when it was detonated.
WORD FAMILY
shrapnel: shrapnels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The woman was killed, and the child was wounded by shrapnel from the explosives.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“Iraq is no longer a good place to live,” interjected his cousin, Abdul-Karim, whose face was hit by small shrapnel.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Her mother, Nermine, also survived the attack, but with shrapnel wounds to her eyes and a partial loss of hearing.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 榴霰弹，子母弹; 弹片
分布：弹片(76%)，榴弹(19%)，开花弹(5%)
→来自这种炮弹的发明者 19 世纪英国将军 Henry Shrapnel,后引申词义弹片。
noun uncountable
■small pieces of metal that are scattered by a bomb or similar weapon when it explodes and are intended to injure people 炸弹碎片，弹片
• Twelve people were hit by shrapnel in the attack. 袭击中共有12人被流弹击中。
• a shrapnel wound 弹片伤
n. 弹片； [军] 榴霰弹；零钱
 - small change, broken money

Word: sixfold
Front: sixfold
[ˈsɪksfəʊld] (32625/44539)
Back: adj. 六倍的，六重的，有六部分的
分布：六倍的(42%)，六折的(20%)，六重的(20%)，六折地(6%)，六重地(6%)，六倍地(6%)
adj. 六倍的；六重的，有六部分的
 - sextuple

Word: shipper
Front: shipper
[ˈʃɪpə(r)] (20988/25868)
Back: n. 承运商，托运人，发货人
分布：货主(80%)，装货者(20%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable usually plural
■a person or company whose job is to organize the sending of goods from one place to another 发货人，托运人
• wine shippers 酒类托运公司
n. [交] 托运人；发货人；货主
 - consignor

Word: shipwreck
Front: shipwreck
[ˈʃɪprek] (六托 17434/20784)
Back: n. 灭亡，毁灭，失败，挫败; 船只失事，（海滩上的）失事船残骸
vt. 使失事，使毁灭，使失败
时态：shipwrecked, shipwrecking, shipwrecks
分布：海难(59%)，遇难船(19%)，船只失事(19%)，使遭遇海难(3%)
→ship,船，wreck,破坏，毁坏。
noun countable or uncountable (also wreck)
■an accident in which a ship is destroyed or sunk at sea, especially by hitting rocks, or a ship which has been destroyed or sunk in such an accident （尤指触礁导致的）船只失事，海难；失事船只，沉船
• The danger of shipwreck is much greater in fog. 雾天里，船只失事的危险会大得多。
• There have been many shipwrecks along this dangerous stretch of coastline. 在这段危险的海岸线上，已经发生了很多件沉船事件。
['ʃɪp.rek] verb transitive
■to make someone suffer a shipwreck 使某人遇上海难
• They were shipwrecked off the coast of Newfoundland. 他们的船在纽芬兰海岸附近失事了。
• a shipwrecked sailor 遭遇海难的水手
n. 海难；遇难船
 - perils of the sea, wrecking
vt. 使失事；使毁灭；使失败
 - cast away, play the devil with

Word: stamina
Front: stamina
[ˈstæmɪnə] (托 12821/9862 -1)
Vocabulary: stamina
(once / 5030 pages)
n
If you can run for a really long time, or carry a heavy box a really long way, you have stamina. Stamina is staying power or enduring strength.
Stamina is not always related to physical strength and endurance. Solving a difficult puzzle or a complex problem requires your brain to work long and hard, something called mental stamina. If you have had a really tough year, but are doing generally fine, someone might say you have emotional stamina. It can also mean perseverance. Do you have the stamina to learn this word?
WORD FAMILY
stamina
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Not all students are able to develop the academic stamina.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
A supreme test of a pianist’s technique and stamina.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
If untreated, sarcopenia will affect your balance, mobility and stamina, and raise the risk of falling, becoming frail and losing independence.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 体力，耐力，持久力; 雄蕊( stamen的名词复数); 毅力; 恒劲
分布：耐力(65%)，精力(27%)，活力(7%)，名词stamen的复数形式.(1%)
→来自拉丁语 stamina,复数格于 stamen,雄蕊，纺线，经线，命运线，生命线。引申比喻义耐力， 持久力。
耐力,持久力(stam[stan站]+ina→站下去→[有]耐力)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stam荷兰著名后卫斯塔姆，以耐力和结巴出众闻名。
【反】frailty（n 虚弱）
noun uncountable
■the physical and/or mental strength to do something which might be difficult and which will take a long time 耐力；耐性；持久力
• The triathlon is a great test of stamina. 三项全能运动是对耐力的极大考验。
n. 毅力；精力；活力；持久力
 - energy, vitality, spring, steam, vigor

Word: toby
Front: toby
[ˈtəubi] (-/6805)
Back: n. 街，道路
分布：托比(人名(50%)，老人形啤酒杯(50%)
n. 托比（男子名）；矮胖老人形啤酒杯
 - Tobe

Word: stoop
Front: stoop
[stu:p] (研四六雅宝 10380/8992 -1)
Vocabulary: stoop
(once / 250 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
Stoop means to lean your head and torso forward and down. If you're six feet tall and you tour a historical building, you'll have to stoop to get through the low doorways.
Stoop comes from the same root as steep. You can stoop to clear a doorway, or stoop metaphorically, by lower your morals. If you used to be an honest garbageman but now haul "garbage" for the mafia, you have "stooped to their level." If you slouch and droop, you're stooping. When owls quickly descend on their prey, that's also called stooping. Stoop is also the term for the stairs leading up to a front entrance of a house.
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
Thanks, Taylor Swift, for the New York City Vocab
As our culture becomes more homogenized, regional language distinctions fade away. But many are still out there, and they're still fun.
Case in point: Taylor Swift's video on New York City-specific vocab, made for NYCGO's "Welcome 2 New York" campaign. The video introduces terms like bodega, the non-Texas-style pronunciation of Houston Street ("How-ston"), Soho, Noho, and stoop, which Swift compares to what Southerners would call a porch.
Swift's video doesn't get into etymology, but if it did, she might have noted that stoop derives from a Dutch word. Its presence in a New Yorker's vocabulary is a legacy of the original Dutch occupation of Manhattan island, much in the way streams in the area are often referred to by the Dutch word kill, as in the Catskill State Park.
Of course, New Englanders would call that same stream a brook, just as Pittsburghers might call a shopping cart a buggy, Pacific Northwesterners might call something expensive spendy, and someone living in New Orleans might refer to a sidewalk as a banquette and a toilet as a commode. Regional peculiarities don't stop there. What do you say: Faucet or spigot? Jimmies or sprinkles? Hoagie, hero, grinder, or wedge? Tennis shoes or sneakers? Soda, pop, tonic, or soft drink? Chances are, your preference has to do with nothing but the ground you're standing on.
Perhaps Swift will continue this foray into dialectology, digging up and pontificating on regionalisms wherever she goes. We offer her this list of truly unusual examples of regional dialect we pulled from the Dictionary of American Regional English. Check out the list for yourself, and then, if you have a favorite regionalism you haven't seen here, let us know what it is by leaving a comment below!
WORD FAMILY
stoop: stooped, stooper, stooping, stoops+/stooper: stoopers/stooping: stoopingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only real blemish on Stoops’ coaching resume?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Added Sooners defensive coordinator Mike Stoops, “Pettway is obviously a big part of what they do.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He said he finalized his decision Friday and told coach Mark Stoops after the game, a 33-18 loss to Georgia Tech.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 门廊，游廊; 自贬; 弯腰，驼背; 屈服
vt. & vi. 屈服，忍辱; 弯腰; 倾斜; 自贬
时态：stooped, stooping, stoops
分布：弯腰(53%)，屈尊(19%)，屈服(13%)，佝偻(8%)，俯冲(5%)，降格(2%)
→来自古英语 stupian,弯腰，俯身，来自 Proto-Germanic*stup,弯腰，来自 steup,扩大形式 自 steu,推，击，打，词源同 steep,type.引申诸相关词义。
v.弯腰,俯身n.弯腰,曲背The troop's stoop on the loop became the top topic at the bus stop.部队在环行道上的屈服在公共汽车站成了头等话题.
【记】读音像stupid的前边－stoop自己的人有点儿stupid。
verb intransitive
■to bend the top half of the body forward and down 俯身，弯腰
• The doorway was so low that we had to stoop to go through it. 门道太低，我们不得不弯下腰进去。
• Something fell out of her coat pocket and she stooped down and picked it up. 有个东西从她大衣口袋里掉了出来，她俯下身捡起来。
■If someone stoops, their head and shoulders are always bent forwards and down 佝偻，弓背
• He's over six feet tall, but the way he stoops makes him look shorter. 他身高超过六英尺，但他弓着背，显得矮了一些。
[stu:p] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  stoop to sth disapproving
■to lower your moral standards by doing something which is unpleasant, dishonest or unfair 卑鄙到做…的地步，堕落到做…的地步
• I don't believe she would ever stoop to bribery or blackmail. 我不相信她会堕落到行贿和勒索的地步。
• [+ -ing verb] He was amazed that a reputable firm would stoop to selling the names of their clients to other companies. 他很惊讶一家声誉卓著的公司竟会堕落到把客户的名单出卖给其他公司。
[stu:p] noun
STEPS 台阶
countable US
■a raised flat area in front of the door of a house, with steps leading up to it 门廊，门阶
• She got home to find the kids sitting on the stoop waiting for her. 她回到家，发现孩子们正坐在门廊上等她。
[stu:p] noun
BEND 弯曲
only singular
■when someone stands or walks with their head and shoulders bent slightly forwards and down 驼背，弓背
• He is a tall man with a slight stoop. 他是个高个子，有点驼背。
bend, stoop
这组词都有“弯腰，弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
bend: 指人指物皆可，含义广，指任何弯曲的动作。可引申作屈从解。
stoop: 通常用于人，指屈膝降低身体高度或低头弯腰。常引申作屈从或不顾尊严。
vi. 弯腰；屈服；堕落
 - succumb, to surrender
n. 弯腰，屈背；屈服
 - waist bends, yieldance
vt. 辱没，堕落；俯曲
 - go to the bowwows, go to the deuce

Word: snobbery
Front: snobbery
[ˈsnɒbəri] (22186/18786 -1)
Vocabulary: snobbery
(once / 11376 pages)
n
Use the noun snobbery when you talk about someone's habit of treating other people as inferior. If your friend doesn't want to associate with people who have less money than she does, it's proof of her snobbery.
Snobbery is an unattractive trait caused by a person's belief that he or she is inherently better than others. Most snobbery has to do with social class and the idea that someone who has more money or went to a fancier school is worthier than someone who doesn't have these advantages. The root of snobbery is snob, which in 1800's British slang meant "person of the lower classes," but changed over time to mean "one who despises those considered inferior."
WORD FAMILY
snobbery: snobberies+/ snob: snobbery, snobbish, snobbism, snobby, snobs/ snobbish: snobbishly, snobbishness/snobbism: snobbisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
To dig below the snobbery about pub chains is to witness a clever business at work.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Although plenty of Weibo users praise the initiative, many are uncomfortable with what they consider to be the police promoting snobbery and class resentment.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Moise laughed off the criticism, saying it is mostly about the snobbery of political elites in the capital.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 势利，谄上欺下; 摆绅士架子; 势利的行为或语言
分布：势利(100%)
→snob,势利眼，-ery,表行为。
US ['snɑ:.bɚ-] (also snobbishness) disapproving
noun uncountable
■behaviour and opinions that are typical of a snob 势利，虚荣
• She accused me of snobbery because I sent my sons to a private school. 她指责我虚荣，因为我送儿子上了一所私立学校。

Word: tyrannical
Front: tyrannical
[tɪˈrænɪkl] (托雅 19452/22145)
Vocabulary: tyrannical
(once / 1968 pages)
adj
A tyrannical ruler wields absolute power and authority, and often wields that power unjustly, cruelly, or oppressively.
First used in the 1530s, the adjective tyrannical stems from the late-14th-century word tyranny, meaning "cruel or unjust use of power," which has origins in the Greek work tyrannos, meaning "master." Tyrannical rule is the opposite of democratic rule, which places the power in the people, the majority of whom makes the decisions. Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Joseph Stalin are three examples of the 20th century's most tyrannical dictators.
WORD FAMILY
tyranny: tyrannic, tyrannical, tyrannies+/tyrannic: tyrannically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is a constitution that will create a tyrannical state.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She's not just a princess but a radical fighting for freedom under a tyrannical empire.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The maximum, “super spicy,” was nothing but scorch, without nuance, crescendo or flow, monolithic and tyrannical.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 暴君的; 暴君似的; 专制的; 专横的
分布：残暴的(67%)，暴虐的(26%)，压制的(7%)
→来自 tyrant,暴君，-ical,形容词后缀。
暴虐的(tyranny暴君+ical)[-ical表形容词"…的"]
adjective
■using, showing or relating to the unfair and cruel use of power over other people in a country, group, etc. 残暴的；专制的（在一个国家或集团等之中，不公正而残酷地使用权力统治其他人，或与此有关）
• a tyrannical leader/regime/political system 专制的领导／政权／政体
• In the end she left home just to escape the tyrannical rule of her mother. 最后她离家出走，为的只是逃脱母亲专横的管制。
adj. 残暴的；暴君的；专横的
 - ruffianly, atrocious

Word: uncontested
Front: uncontested
[ˌʌnkənˈtestɪd] (23035/33155)
Back: adj. 没有人争的，无竞争的，无异议的
分布：无竞争的(51%)，无异议的(33%)，无争论的(16%)
adj. 无竞争的；无异议的；无争议的
 - rivalless, unanimous

Word: unfurl
Front: unfurl
[ˌʌnˈfɜ:l] (15303/19322 -1)
Vocabulary: unfurl
(once / 3629 pages)
v
When you unfurl something, you unroll it or spread it out. Your yoga teacher will unfurl her long purple mat at the beginning of class.
To unfurl something is to roll it out, unwinding it the way you do with a coiled laptop charger cord. You might also unfurl a pair of socks curled around each other or the American flag you keep rolled up in a closet until the Fourth of July. Unfurl is a more common word than its opposite, furl, which means "roll or fold." The French origin is ferler, "to furl," from the Old French roots fer, "firm" and lier, "bind."
WORD FAMILY
unfurl: unfurled, unfurling, unfurls+/furl: furled, furling, furls, unfurl
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next day, she returned to the memorial, and was arrested again as soon as she tried to unfurl the banner.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank Stadium in Minnesota to unfurl a giant banner protesting against the North Dakota Access Pipeline.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Play continued on the field while the huge banner was unfurled, but rows below were cleared of fans as a precaution.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 展开，张开，铺开（某物）; 公开，揭示
时态：unfurled, unfurling, unfurls
分布：展开(63%)，打开(37%)
US [-'fɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
■If a flag, sail or banner unfurls, it becomes open from a rolled position, and if you unfurl a flag, etc., you make it do this （使）（旗帜、船帆、横幅等卷着的东西）展开
• The demonstrators unfurled a large banner. 示威人群打出了一条大大的横幅。
vt. 展开；使…临风招展
 - spread out, decoil
vi. 展开；公开
 - expand, spread out

Word: volte

Word: unreconstructed
Front: unreconstructed
[ˌʌnri:kənˈstrʌktɪd] (30291/35100)
Back: adj. 脑筋转不过来的，旧思想的
分布：脑筋转不过来的(37%)，旧思想的(36%)，未重建的(18%)，反对变革的(9%)
→un-, 不，非，reconstructed,重构，重建，与时俱进的。即不与时俱进的，僵化的。
[ˌʌn.ri:.kən'strʌk.tɪd] often humorous
adjective
■having opinions or behaving in a way not considered to be modern or politically acceptable in modern times （观点或行为方式）顽固守旧的，食古不化的
• She describes herself as an unreconstructed feminist. 她说她自己是个顽固守旧的女权主义者。

Word: wolfram
Front: wolfram
['wʊlfrəm] None
Back: n. 钨锰铁矿，钨
分布：名词(100%)
n. [化学] 钨（金属元素，符号 W）；钨锰铁矿
 - tungsten

Word: wildcat
Front: wildcat
[ˈwaɪldkæt] (22252/23016)
Back: n. 野猫; 脾气暴躁的人
adj. （商业上或财务上）鲁莽的，冒险的
分布：野猫(79%)，盲目开掘(9%)，靠不住的(6%)，未经允许的(6%)
n. [脊椎] 野猫；莽撞的人
 - alley cat, catamountain
adj. 不可靠的；鲁莽的
 - unreliable, trustless

Word: waltz
Front: waltz
[wɔ:ls] (19414/15767 -1)
Back: n. 华尔兹舞; 华尔兹舞曲
vt. 与…跳华尔兹舞; 带领，率领或迫使
vi. 轻快地走动; 旋转; 豪不费力地完成一项工作
时态：waltzed, waltzing, waltzes
分布：跳华尔兹舞(54%)，华尔滋舞(19%)，偷走某物(9%)，轻快地或跳着舞走(9%)，轻易赢得某物(9%)
→来自wel,转，旋转，词源同volume,involve。引申词义舞蹈。
US [wɑ:lts] noun countable
■a formal dance in which two people holding each other move around a large room, turning as they go and repeating a movement of three steps, or a piece of music with three beats in a bar written for this style of dancing 华尔滋舞；华尔滋舞曲，圆舞曲
UK [wɒlts] US [wɑ:lts] verb
WALK 行走
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to walk somewhere quickly and confidently, often in a way that annoys other people （常指以令人厌烦的方式）神态自若地走，大摇大摆地走
• You can't just waltz into my bedroom without knocking - it's private! 你不能连门也不敲就大摇大摆地进我的卧室——这是私人空间！
• My idiot wife has gone and waltzed off with my car keys and left me without any means of transport! 我那白痴老婆带着我的车锁匙悠然离去，害得我甚么交通工具都没有！
UK [wɒlts] US [wɑ:lts] verb
DANCE 舞蹈
intransitive
■to dance a waltz 跳华尔滋舞
UK [wɒlts] US [wɑ:lts] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  waltz through sth informal
■to complete something such as a test easily and successfully 轻松通过（考试等）
• He waltzed through the first two rounds of the competition. 他轻松通过了前两轮的竞赛。
vi. 跳华尔兹舞；旋转；轻快地走动
 - circle, wheel, spin
n. 华尔兹舞；华尔兹舞曲
 - valse

Word: ardour
Front: ardour
[ˈɑ:də] (-/20938)
Back: n. 激情，热情
分布：热情(100%)
US ['ɑ:r.dɚ] noun uncountable
■great enthusiasm or love 激情，热情；炽热的爱情
• His ardour for her cooled after only a few weeks. 他对她狂热的爱慕之情才几个星期就冷却了。
n. 激情；热情；情欲；灼热
 - passion, flame, fire, warmth

Word: ameliorate
Front: ameliorate
[əˈmi:liəreɪt] (宝 17496/19718)
Vocabulary: ameliorate
(once / 2819 pages)
v
To ameliorate is to step in and make a bad situation better. You could try introducing a second lollipop to ameliorate a battle between two toddlers over a single lollipop.
The verb ameliorate comes from the Latin word meliorare, meaning “improve.” Food drives can ameliorate hunger. An air conditioner can ameliorate the discomfort of a stiflingly hot summer day. A sympathy card can ameliorate grief. Family therapy can ameliorate severe sibling rivalry. Anything that can lift a burden or make something better can ameliorate.
WORD FAMILY
ameliorate: ameliorated, ameliorates, ameliorating, amelioration, ameliorative, amelioratory+/ amelioration: ameliorations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The right defended the status quo; the left agitated to overthrow or at least ameliorate it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Twice, Congress passed bills intended to regulate the practice and ameliorate its effects.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
If large enough, they could even ameliorate the effects of possible tariffs.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. <正，夸>（使）改善，改进; 减轻（痛苦等）; 改良
vi. 变得更好
时态：ameliorated, ameliorating, ameliorates
分布：改善(92%)，变好(4%)，使改善(2%)，使变好(2%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. 词根mel, 加强，多，见multitude, 许多。-ior, 比较级后缀。
改善,改良[melior=better(更好)]
【记】1）a一种，meli拼：茉莉，or或许，ate吃的过去式。一种茉莉或许可以吃。但不表示现在就能吃－要经过改善，改良。现在的茉莉花茶已经深入人心了，或许经过改善、改良，我们就可以吃到美味的鱼香茉莉呀，宫保茉莉呀，铁板茉莉呀什么的！2）meli拼：魔力－用魔力－改善改良
【反】aggravate（vt 使恶化）；dampen（v 使沮丧）；demoralize（v 士气受挫）有可能对invigorate（v 鼓舞）【九阴真经第七章】爱拼才会赢。拼音才是你们的本能，是从小学一年级起开始掌握的技巧，直到现在还应用在输入法上。背单词就是这么简单，用你熟悉的部分、方法背你不熟悉的单词！！！
[ə'mi:.ljə.reɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to make a bad or unpleasant situation better 使变好，改善，改进
• Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effects of the drought. 急需外援以缓解干旱造成的灾情。
vt. 改善；减轻（痛苦等）；改良
 - improve, moderate
vi. 变得更好
 - improve, get better

Word: wrongful
Front: wrongful
[ˈrɒŋfl] (15863/16898 -1)
Back: adj. 不正当的; 不合法的
分布：不正当的(69%)，不讲道理的(21%)，不法的(10%)
US ['rɑ:ŋ-] adjective
■describes actions that are unfair or illegal 不公平的；非法的
• She is claiming damages from the company for wrongful dismissal. 她因被非法解雇而向公司索偿。
• wrongful arrest/imprisonment 非法逮捕／入狱
adj. 不正当的；不讲道理的；不合法的
 - unjustified, illicit

Word: adjourn
Front: adjourn
[əˈdʒɜ:n] (托宝 16425/7273 -1)
Vocabulary: adjourn
(once / 853 pages)
v
To adjourn is to close a session of something, like at court. People also adjourn when they go to bed.
When something is adjourned, it's over. This word comes up most often in court. Lawyers and citizens don't have the power to adjourn — to call a recess in the proceedings. Only a judge can adjourn the court. This can also be used in any situation where someone is withdrawing from somewhere, or retiring for awhile. "I must adjourn!" is a fancy way of saying "I'm out of here! I need to get some sleep. See you tomorrow."
WORD FAMILY
adjourn: adjourned, adjourning, adjournment, adjourns+/adjournment: adjournments
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the end, both the House and Senate adjourned without repealing the bill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Mr Justice Nicol adjourned sentencing until 23 January for further reports to be prepared.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Lawmakers began the surprise session Wednesday within minutes of adjourning another special session called by McCrory to approve a disaster relief package.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）休会，（使）休庭
时态：adjourned, adjourning, adjourns
分布：换地方(58%)，中止(42%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根journ, 天，见journal,日志。推迟一天，或很多天。
延期;体会(ad增加+jourm增加日期→延期)[journ=day,表示"日期"]
【记】ad朝向，journ＝journey旅行。中国还是一个腐败的社会。从中国国家机关的开会制度就可以看出来。尤其是对于地点的选择，总是选一些风景名胜区，譬如九寨沟和张家界。因为在休会期间，这些领导们可以顺便花公款旅游一翻。
【参】journey（n 旅行）；journal（n 定期刊物，杂志，航海日记）
【反】convoke（vt 召集[会议]）
US [-'dʒɝ:n] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to have a pause or rest during a formal meeting or trial （使）休会；（使）休庭
• The meeting was adjourned until Tuesday. 会议延期至星期二。
• Shall we adjourn for lunch? 我们暂停先去吃午餐好吗？
UK [ə'dʒɜ:n] US [-'dʒɝ:n] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  adjourn to somewhere humorous
■to finish doing something and go somewhere, usually for a drink and some food （通常指为享用饮食）到别处
• Shall we adjourn to the sitting room for coffee? 我们到客厅喝杯咖啡好吗？
vi. 休会；延期；换地方
 - delay, hold over
vt. 推迟；使…中止；使…延期
 - wait, phase back

Word: bloodthirsty
Front: bloodthirsty
[ˈblʌdθɜ:sti] (21577/34124)
Vocabulary: bloodthirsty
(once / 3153 pages)
adj
Someone who's bloodthirsty is savage and murderous, or is very quick to resort to violence. A bloodthirsty general might launch one attack after another, eager to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible.
A bloodthirsty government is one that enthusiastically wages war with other countries and might even be casual about violently suppressing its own citizens. You can also describe a book or a movie this way, if it's full of gratuitous, gory scenes: "What a bloodthirsty zombie film that was last night." The word has been around since the 16th century, possibly influenced by a word with similar imagery in Greek, haimodipsos.
WORD FAMILY
bloodthirsty: bloodthirstier, bloodthirstiest, bloodthirstily, bloodthirstiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The court rejected a complaint brought by Mr Dzhugashvili over an article accusing the Soviet leader of being a "bloodthirsty cannibal".
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
As for Mr Oyelowo, his transformation from a regal, self-assured soldier into a bloodthirsty creature undone by jealousy must be seen to be believed.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
While a fitting welcome to the bloodthirsty president-elect, the rollback has the potential to cause a rift in the GOP.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 嗜杀的，残忍的; 嗜血; 残忍好杀; 嗜杀成性
分布：嗜杀的(55%)，残忍的(45%)
US [-ˌθɝ:-] adjective
■eager to see or take part in violence and killing 嗜血的，好杀戮的
• a bloodthirsty killer 嗜血的杀人犯
adj. 嗜杀的；残忍的
 - cruel, brutal

Word: bonnet
Front: bonnet
[ˈbɒnɪt] (宝 15125/8723 -1)
Vocabulary: bonnet
(once / 447 pages)
1nv 2n
A bonnet is an old-fashioned hat that ties under the chin. Sometimes people dress babies up in frilly clothes and bonnets.
A bonnet isn't stiff like many hats are — instead, it's made of soft fabric and has no brim. It was common during the 17th and 18th centuries for women to wear bonnets, to keep their hair tidy and protected from dust and sun when they were outdoors. Today, you're less likely to see a bonnet on a grown woman, unless she's a historical reenactor or acting in a play. The root of bonnet is the Scottish bonat, "brimless hat."
WORD FAMILY
bonnet: bonneted, bonneting, bonnets
USAGE EXAMPLES
For instance, a Seattle Times classified for May 28, 1897, reads, “Hats and bonnets, reshaped, dyed, cleaned or pressed; latest styles. 1504 Fifth, Idaho Block.”
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The hard board, which is too short to lie down on, was modelled on the bonnet of a Fiat Punto.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Locals tinkered under the bonnet of a broken-down Iraqi military truck, and workshops, shuttered for the past six weeks, were slowly being reopened.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 童帽; 阀帽; （苏格兰男子的）无边帽; 烟囱罩，壁炉罩
vt. 给…戴上帽子，给…装上罩
分布：软帽(44%)，引擎罩(14%)，无边帽(7%)，给 ... 戴帽子(7%)，给 ... 装罩子(7%)，烟囱罩(7%)，辅助帆(7%)，壁炉罩(7%)
→词源同bind, 绑。原指绑在头上的头巾，后引申义童帽。
【记】bon好，net网－网鱼的好东西－帽子
【参】bonny（adj 漂亮的）
US ['bɑ:.nɪt] noun countable
HAT 帽子
■a type of hat that covers the ears and is tied under the chin, worn by babies or, especially in the past, by women （有带子并盖住耳朵的）童帽；尤指旧时的女装帽
UK ['bɒn.ɪt] US ['bɑ:.nɪt] noun countable
METAL COVER 金属盖 UK (US hood)
■the metal cover over the part of a car where the engine is （汽车）引擎罩
• I looked under the bonnet and clouds of smoke poured out. 我看了一下引擎罩下面，团团的烟冒了出来。

Word: blindfold
Front: blindfold
[ˈblaɪndfəʊld] (17339/19401 -1)
Vocabulary: blindfold
(once / 2682 pages)
nvadj
A blindfold is a strip of fabric that's tied across your eyes so you can't see. At a birthday party, you might wear a blindfold and attempt to pin a paper tail on a picture of a donkey.
A bank robber might blindfold a hostage, and a kindergarten teacher might also tie a blindfold on the birthday boy during a party game. In both cases, the blindfold makes the person unable to see what's going on. The earliest, 14th century version of the word was blindfelled, the past participle of blindfellan, "cover the eyes," from the Old English blindfellian, "to strike blind."
WORD FAMILY
blindfold: blindfolded, blindfolding, blindfolds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four days later, after being allowed a fleeting meeting with Pan, he was blindfolded and escorted back downstairs into The Residence’s garage.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Salim, who was blindfolded while being transferred, said that he did not travel far.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Blindfolded and forced to read a message in Arabic, he was roughly handled.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线; 蒙住（某人）的眼睛; 使不理解; 蒙骗
n. 蒙眼的绷带[布等]; 障眼物，蒙蔽人的事物
adj. & adv. 被蒙住眼睛的（地）; 盲目的（地）; 不谨慎的（地）; 鲁莽的（地）
时态：blindfolded, blindfolding, blindfolds
分布：盲目(40%)，蒙眼物(20%)，蒙住 ... 的眼睛(20%)，被蒙上眼睛的(20%)
→改写自古英语blindfellen。blind, 瞎。fell, 砍伐，击倒。原指打瞎，后改成fold, 折叠，指眼罩。
US [-foʊld] noun countable
■a strip of cloth which covers someone's eyes and stops them from seeing 蒙眼布；障眼物；眼罩
UK ['blaɪnd.fəʊld] US [-foʊld] verb transitive
■to cover someone's eyes with a blindfold 蒙住…的眼睛
• She was blindfolded and taken somewhere in the back of a van. 她被蒙上眼睛，坐在货车后面被拉到了甚么地方。
vt. 蒙住…的眼睛；挡住…的视线；使…模糊不清
 - blur
adj. 轻率的，盲目的；看不清的；被蒙住眼睛的
 - hasty, thoughtless
n. 障眼物，眼罩
 - patch, eyepatch
adv. 盲目地；鲁莽地，轻率地
 - recklessly, unadvisedly

Word: criminologist
Front: criminologist
[ˌkrɪmɪ'nɒlədʒɪst] (21621/29461)
Back: n. 犯罪学家; 犯罪学者，刑事学家
分布：犯罪学家(100%)

Word: crossfire
Front: crossfire
[ˈkrɒsfaɪə(r)] (16543/33808)
Vocabulary: crossfire
(once / 15887 pages)
n
Crossfire is when weapons are being fired from different directions, crossing the same general area. Getting caught in crossfire during a shootout can be deadly.
Crossfire is a situation that comes up when gangsters and police officers are shooting at each other, or in a war during a battle between enemies. A figurative type of crossfire is much more common: the back-and-forth of strenuous arguments, debate, or controversy. You might, for example, find yourself caught in the crossfire of your best friends' feud. The word dates from the 18th century.
WORD FAMILY
crossfire: crossfires
USAGE EXAMPLES
The operation put internet privacy in the crossfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The mother of a Black Disciple was caught in the crossfire, shot in her left foot.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The organization says 26 of the journalists killed in 2016 died in combat or crossfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 交叉火力; 来自多方面的攻击; 卷入两者的争执中并因此遭殃; （可能偶然影响未直接参与者的）激烈言行
分布：交叉火力(70%)，困境(14%)，串报(11%)，相互指责(5%)
US ['krɑ:s.faɪr] noun uncountable
■bullets fired towards you from different directions 交叉火力
• One boat of refugees was caught in (the) naval crossfire and sunk. 一艘难民船在海军舰艇的交叉炮火下中弹沉没。
UK ['krɒs.faɪər] US ['krɑ:s.faɪr] noun uncountable
caught in the crossfire
■to be involved in a situation where people around you are arguing 被卷入（他人的）纷争中，卷入交锋
• The Health Minister, who resigned today, claims she is an innocent victim caught in the crossfire of the current battle over inflation. 今日辞职的卫生部长称自己是当前通货膨胀引起的纷争的无辜受害者。

Word: brazzaville

Word: detract
Front: detract
[dɪˈtrækt] (托宝 14366/11265 -1)
Vocabulary: detract
(once / 1530 pages)
v
If you detract from something — like an achievement or an opinion or an object — you take away some of its value or diminish it. That dent in the door of your car may detract from its overall value.
The verb detract comes from the Latin word detrahere, meaning “draw away from,” or “take down.” If you detract from someone’s credibility, you reduce — or take down — that person's worth. When you make valid points opposing an argument a politician is making, you detract from her platform. Detract can also describe drawing attention away from something. If the politician then makes a public display of her humanity, she's trying to detract attention away from your arguments.
WORD FAMILY
detract: detracted, detracting, detraction, detractive, detractor, detracts+/ detraction: detractions/ detractor: detractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
None of these shortcomings detract from what is a fascinating work of revisited history with all the narrative traction of a good mystery.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
If a hamlet detracted from his composition, he moved it.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Indeed, these efforts at modern scientific explanations detract from the richness of Lamb's cultural explorations of discovery and knowledge.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vi. 贬低; 减损
vt. 转移（注意等）
时态：detracted, detracting, detracts
分布：转移(55%)，减损(45%)
→de-, 向下。-tract,拉，词源同attract, contract. 即向下拉，贬低。
降低;贬损(de坏+tract→拉坏→降低)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [not continuous] detract from sth
■to make something seem less valuable or less deserving of admiration than it really is or was thought to be （在价值、美誉等方面）对…产生不利影响，眨低，有损乎
• All that make-up she wears actually detracts from her beauty, I think. 我认为她的那种化妆效果实际上有损她的美。
vt. 转移，使分心
 - shift, divert from
vi. 贬低；减去
 - thumb down, play down

Word: fresher
Front: fresher
[ˈfreʃə(r)] (-/37130)
Back: n. 大学一年级新生，新鲜人
adj. 新鲜的( fresh的比较级 ); 新的; 清新的; 另外的
分布：新鲜人(51%)，大学一年级新生(33%)，=freshman.(16%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable UK informal
■a student who has recently started studying at a college or university 大学一年级新生

Word: foothill
Front: foothill
[ˈfʊthɪl] (10761/18437)
Back: n. 山麓，小丘
分布：山麓小丘(100%)
noun countable usually plural
■a low mountain or low hill at the bottom of a larger mountain or range of mountains 山麓小丘
• the foothills of the Pyrenees 庇里牛斯山脉山麓丘陵
n. 山麓小丘；丘陵地带
 - hilly country, hilly ground

Word: impromptu
Front: impromptu
[ɪmˈprɒmptju:] (托雅宝 13281/15015 -1)
Vocabulary: impromptu
(once / 2582 pages)
adjadvn
Some of the best kinds of parties are impromptu ones, when you decide at the last minute to get together. The adjective impromptu describes things done or said without previous thought or preparation.
Impromptu is also used as an adverb: Most people are not able to speak impromptu in front of an audience. This word was borrowed from French, from Latin in prōmptū "at hand, in readiness" from in "in" plus prōmptū, a form of prōmptus "readiness," from prōmere "to bring forth." As you can guess from the spelling, the adjective and verb prompt is related to impromptu; they are from the same Latin verb.
WORD FAMILY
impromptu: impromptus
USAGE EXAMPLES
The death of pop icon David Bowie on 10 January set the tone, and there was an impromptu wake in Brixton, where he was born.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Russia Monday observed an official day of mourning, with residents of Moscow and other cities leaving flowers at impromptu memorials to commemorate the victims.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Latham also apologized for what he was about to do: An impromptu a cappella rendition of “Away in a Manger.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 即席的; 临时的; 无准备的
adv. 即席地; 临时地; 无准备地
n. 即兴曲; 即席演出; 即席之作; 即席演说
分布：即兴曲(43%)，即席的(37%)，即兴之作(20%)
→来自法语impromptu,准备好的，随时进入状态的，来自拉丁语in promptu,立即，马上，in,进入，里，promptu,准备好的，立即的，迅速的。现词义很大程度受到im-的否定词义的影响，不，非，见improvise.
【记】im不，promptu时间－不在安排时间之内－即席的im不，promptu＝prompt（vt 促使；给演员提示）
【反】carefully rehearsed（仔细排练的）
US [-tu:] adjective
■done or said without earlier planning or preparation 无准备的，即兴的
• an impromptu party/performance 临时晚会／即兴表演
adv. 即席地
 - extemporarily, offhandedly
adj. 即席的
 - sight, off-the-cuff

Word: incapacitate
Front: incapacitate
[ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt] (托 19224/19344)
Vocabulary: incapacitate
(once / 5024 pages)
v
If you are incapacitated, you can’t do what you normally do, what you’re being asked to do — or perhaps, much of anything. To incapacitate someone is to cause him or her to be unable to function normally, like a bad cold that incapacitates you.
The verb incapacitate is related to the word capacity. Capacity comes from the Latin word capacitas, meaning “that can contain,” or how much something — brain, bucket or otherwise — can hold. The prefix in- reverses the meaning and when the suffix -ate is added, incapacitate means someone has been made unable to “contain” much — like attention, effort, or energy.
WORD FAMILY
incapacitate: incapacitated, incapacitates, incapacitating+/ capacious: capaciously, capaciousness/capacitate: capacitated, capacitates, capacitating, incapacitate / capacity: capacious, capacitate, capacities, incapacity/incapacity: incapacities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s precisely because governments are distracted or incapacitated that there is a role for non-state actors.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2004, a caregiver at the facility pleaded guilty to neglecting two incapacitated residents after falling asleep on the job.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
That’s true even in a case like Viacom’s, where the problem was a prolonged squabble over a successor to a possibly incapacitated controlling shareholder.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使无能力，使不适合
时态：incapacitated, incapacitating, incapacitates
分布：使不适于(58%)，使不能(42%)
→词源同incapable,无能力的，-ate,使。
使无能(in无＋capacit能力＋ate→无能力)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
verb transitive often passive
■to make someone unable to work or do things normally, or unable to do what they intended to do 使无能力（正常工作或做事）；使无法（做想做之事）
• The accident left me incapacitated for seven months. 这次意外导致我七个月不能正常生活和工作。
• Rubber bullets are designed to incapacitate people rather than kill them. 橡胶子弹旨在使人丧失行动能力而不是取人性命。
vt. 使无能力；使不能；使不适于
 - disenable

Word: grub
Front: grub
[grʌb] (16569/14786 -1)
Back: n. 蛆，幼虫; 食物; 做苦工的人; 邋遢人
vi. 翻掘; 搜寻; 挖土
vt. 挖掘寻找; 将某物挖出; 根除; 费力查出
时态：grubbed, grubbing, grubs
分布：翻掘(44%)，搜寻(21%)，挖掘(15%)，苦工(10%)，做苦工(10%)
→词源同grave, 挖。因其挖洞而得名。
noun
INSECT 昆虫
countable
■an insect in the stage when it has just come out of its egg （昆虫的）幼虫；蛆；蛴螬
• A grub looks like a short fat worm. 昆虫的幼虫看上去像一条又短又粗的蚯蚓。
[grʌb] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable informal
■food 食物
• They do really good grub in our local pub. 我们当地这家酒馆的食物很是美味。
[grʌb] verb (-bb-)
SEARCH 搜寻
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to search for something by digging or turning over earth 翻掘；挖掘寻找；搜寻
• The dog was grubbing around/about in the mud for a bone. 那只狗在泥中刨来扒去找骨头。
[grʌb] verb (-bb-)
TAKE 要
transitive usually + adverb or preposition US slang
■to ask someone for something without intending to pay for it 讨；要
• Could I grub a cigarette off you? 我可以向你要一支烟吗？
[grʌb] verb (-bb-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] grub sth up/out
■to dig something out of the ground to get rid of it （连根）掘出，挖出
• She spent the morning in the garden, grubbing up weeds. 她花了一上午的时间在花园里除草。
vi. 翻掘；搜寻；挖土
 - search, hunt for
vt. 挖掘寻找；将某物挖出；根除
 - eradicate, root out
n. 蛆，幼虫；食物
 - food, diet, eating, gentle

Word: insightful
Front: insightful
[ˈɪnsaɪtfʊl] (研 12671/37193)
Vocabulary: insightful
(once / 22051 pages)
adj
What English teachers want from students writing papers is insightful analysis –– thinking that sees beyond the obvious and expresses an original thought.
With this word, remember in- and -sight-. When you have the ability to look (sight) inside (in) something––a painting, a discussion, a situation––and find what others aren't seeing, you are being insightful. An insightful person is someone capable of deep, insightful thinking.
WORD FAMILY
insightful: insightfully, insightfulness+/ insight: insightful, insights
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hepworth sets the music in historical and cultural context in an insightful and funny book.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Goat” is never particularly insightful regarding the conduct of the men it presents.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Why you should read it: This piece is instructive rather than insightful.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
分布：富有洞察力的(55%)，有深刻见解的(45%)
→来自insight,洞察力。
有洞察力的[sight=vision,表示"眼光"]
ADJ-GRADED
富有洞察力的;有深刻见解的
If you describe a person or their remarks as insightful, you mean that they show a very good understanding of people and situations.
例：She offered some really interesting, insightful observations.她给出了一些非常有趣又富有洞察力的评论。

Word: indefensible
Front: indefensible
[ˌɪndɪˈfensəbl] (21778/19248)
Vocabulary: indefensible
(once / 7392 pages)
adj
Something that's indefensible is inexcusable — there's no way to justify it. It's indefensible to take candy from a baby, or to give candy TO a baby, for that matter.
Indefensible behavior is just plain terrible, and it can't be explained away. It's indefensible, for example, or for one country to drop a bomb on innocent civilians in another country. Indefensible, "not able to be defended," comes from in-, "not," plus the Latin defendere and its sense of "allege in defense."
WORD FAMILY
indefensible: indefensibly+/ defence: defenceless, defences, self-defence/defenceless: defencelessly, defencelessness/ defend: defence, defendable, defendant, defended, defender, defending, defends, defensible, defensive /defendable: undefendable/ defendant: co-defendant, defendants/defender: defenders/ defensible: defensibility, defensibly, indefensible / defensive: defensively, defensiveness, defensives
USAGE EXAMPLES
George F. Will defended the indefensible: the electoral college.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Whether deliberate or accidental, this was an indefensible attack, with at least 10 people killed and vital aid to vulnerable people destroyed.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Bradley will be remembered for his indefensible career record, while slow starts and an inability to win at home were major stumbling blocks.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法防御的，站不住脚的
分布：不可原谅的(62%)，不合理的(27%)，不能防守的(11%)
→in-,不，非，defensible,可防守的。
adjective
■too bad to be protected from criticism 无可辩解的；站不住脚的
• The war is morally indefensible. 这场战争在道义上是说不过去的。
• His opinions/attitudes are completely indefensible. 他的观点／态度是完全站不住脚的。
■not able to be protected against attack 无法防守的
• indefensible borders 无法保卫的边界
adj. 站不住脚的；不能防卫的；无辩护余地的
 - untenable

Word: knockout
Front: knockout
[ˈnɒkaʊt] (13687/16321 -1)
Vocabulary: knockout
(once / 5334 pages)
1nadj 2n
In the sport of boxing, a knockout is a blow that sends one of the boxers to the mat, unable to continue fighting. If you are down and can't rise before the ref counts to ten, consider it a knockout.
In full-contact fighting sports, including boxing, karate, and kickboxing, the ultimate goal is a match-winning knockout of the opponent. Not all boxing matches end this way, but a knockout is the most exciting (and dangerous) way for a match to end. This word is also used to mean "gorgeous person," so if someone tells you you're a knockout, you can be sure they mean it as a compliment.
WORD FAMILY
knockout: knockouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We're 13th in the world rankings and at the last two tournaments we haven't got through a knockout game," he added.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Friday night in Las Vegas, the UFC’s best-known fighter—not long ago an undefeated knockout machine—suffered her second consecutive brutal defeat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The top two teams in each group would progress to the knockout rounds.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 击昏，击倒; 绝代佳人; <俚>轰动一时的东西; 淘汰赛
adj. 击倒的，打倒的; 引人注目的; 使昏迷的; 迷人的
分布：击倒(60%)，迷人的(11%)，打出(11%)，猛烈的(8%)，引人注目的人或物(5%)，杰出的(5%)
→比喻用法。
US ['nɑ:k-] noun countable
UNCONSCIOUS 失去知觉的
■in boxing , the act of hitting the other fighter so that they fall to the ground and are unable to get up again within ten seconds （拳击中的）击败对手的一击，击倒对手获胜
• a knockout punch/blow 使人倒地不起的一击
⇒ See also knock out at knock
UK ['nɒk.aʊt] US ['nɑ:k-] noun countable
COMPETITION 比赛 (US elimination tournament)
■a competition in which only the winners of each stage play in the next stage, until one competitor or team is the final winner 淘汰赛
• The tournament is a straight knockout. 这次锦标赛是直接淘汰赛。
• a knockout competition/championship/match 淘汰赛／锦标赛／比赛
UK ['nɒk.aʊt] US ['nɑ:k-] noun countable
ATTRACTIVE 吸引人的 informal
■a person or thing that looks, sounds, etc. extremely attractive 极有吸引力的人（或物）
• Your sister's a real knockout! 你的妹妹真令人着迷！
UK ['nɒk.aʊt] US ['nɑ:k-] noun countable
a knockout blow
■an event or action that causes someone or something to fail 毁灭性的打击
• Already out of training, the latest illness has dealt her hopes of a gold medal a knockout blow. 她本身已经缺乏训练，最近患病更致命地打击她夺金牌的希望。
UK ['nɒk.aʊt] US ['nɑ:k-] adjective informal
■extremely attractive 极有吸引力的
• She looked knockout in that dress. 她穿着那条裙子很迷人。
adj. 淘汰的；击倒的；迷人的
 - killing, taking
n. 淘汰赛；击倒；给人留下深刻印象的人；绝代佳人
 - elimination game, elimination match

Word: labyrinthine
Front: labyrinthine
[ˌlæbə'rɪnθaɪn] (21362/33057)
Vocabulary: labyrinthine
(once / 11476 pages)
adj
Labyrinthine is a good word to describe a place that feels like an enormous maze. A new student at a huge, sprawling high school is likely to find the building labyrinthine as he wanders the halls looking for his math class.
If you've ever been lost in a hedge maze, you know what a labyrinth is. The adjective labyrinthine describes something that is as confusing, complex, or maze-like as a labyrinth. This could be an actual maze, a city, or even a convoluted idea. The word comes from the Greek labyrinthos, the structure built to contain the mythological Minotaur. In the story, Daedalus did such a good job making the building labyrinthine that he nearly couldn't find his way out.
WORD FAMILY
labyrinthine
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are treasure hunts, and then there is Hannah Wells’s insane, labyrinthine journey through this week’s “Designated Survivor.”
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Aviv wrote about Hayes for the magazine in 2014, in a story that sheds light on the labyrinthine connections between scientists, industry, and government.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
It was a series that relied on witty banter and small-scale family drama rather than stylistic flourishes or labyrinthine plots.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 迷宫（似）的，曲折的
分布：错综复杂的(80%)，如迷宫的(20%)
[ˌlæb.ə'rɪn.θaɪn] literary
adjective
■describes something that has a lot of parts and is therefore confusing 迷宫般的；曲折难懂的
• Beneath the city lies a labyrinthine network of tunnels. 城市的下面布满迷宫般的地道网路。
• It takes a fair amount of concentration to follow the film's labyrinthine plot. 要非常专注地观看才能弄懂那部电影错综复杂的情节。
adj. 迷宫的；复杂的
 - complicated, involved, detailed, sophisticated

Word: intentional
Front: intentional
[ɪnˈtenʃənl] (四六宝 8744/12428 -1)
Vocabulary: intentional
(once / 865 pages)
adj
Something intentional was done on purpose. If a crime was intentional, it was no accident.
If you bump into your little brother in the hallway because you weren't paying attention, it's unintentional. But if wait for him to walk by and then stick out your foot to trip him, it's intentional. And not very nice. Usually we let people off the hook if they do something bad accidentally. But if your evil doings are premeditated, consciously planned, or otherwise intentional, no one will take much pity on you.
WORD FAMILY
intentional: intentionality, intentionally, unintentional +/ intend: intended, intending, intends, intention / intended: intendedly, unintended/ intention: intentional, intentions/unintended: unintendedly/ unintentional: unintentionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheriff says they don’t believe at this time that it was an intentional shooting.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hurts was sacked three times and was called for intentional grounding in the second quarter.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It seemed intentional to me. It seemed pointed.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有意的，故意的; 策划的
分布：故意的(90%)，存心的(10%)
→来自intent,意图，目的。
【记】intent（n 意图；目的；意向）；intend（vt 想要；打算）
【反】inadvertent（adj 不注意的；无意中做的）
adjective
■planned or intended 有意的，故意的
• Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional? 你漏掉了他的名字，是无意的还是有意的？
adj. 故意的；蓄意的；策划的
 - studied, designed, conscious

Word: lime
Front: lime
[laɪm] (四六 5429/7712 -2)
Back: n. 酸橙; 石灰; 绿黄色; 椴树
vt. 撒石灰于; 涂粘鸟胶于
时态：limed, liming, limes
分布：石灰(82%)，酸橙(12%)，石灰的(3%)，酸橙树(2%)，沾上粘鸟胶(1%)
→来自拉丁语limus,污泥，黏质物，来自slei,黏的，滑的，词源同slime,delete,liniment.引申词义涂沫，石灰。lime 酸橙
noun
FRUIT 水果
countable or uncountable
■a round fruit containing a lot of juice which is sour like a lemon but smaller and green, or the small Asian tree on which this fruit grows 酸橙（树）
[laɪm] noun
TREE 树 (also lime tree) (US usually linden)
■a large tree with leaves shaped like a heart and pale yellow flowers 欧椴树，菩提树
[laɪm] noun
CHEMICAL 化学品
uncountable (also quicklime)
■a white powdery substance which is used especially to spread on the land to improve the quality of earth so that crops grow better 石灰
uncountable (also limescale) (or scale)
■white material that collects inside water pipes, kettles , etc. in areas where the water is hard (= contains a lot of natural chemicals) 水垢（一种在水管、水壶等中积累的白色物质，通常存在于水质较硬并含有丰富天然化学物质的水中）
[laɪm] verb transitive
■to spread the substance lime on a piece of land 撒石灰于
n. 石灰； [园艺] 酸橙；绿黄色
 - kalk, calcareousness

Word: minimalist
Front: minimalist
[ˈmɪnɪməlɪst] (托 15591/22483 -1)
Vocabulary: minimalist
(once / 13192 pages)
nadj
When you call a person a minimalist, you're describing their interest in keeping things very simple. A minimalist prefers the minimal amount or degree of something.
In art history, the minimalists were artists whose work involved extremely simple gestures and ideas. The art they created is also referred to as minimalist. A white canvas with one black line might be a typical minimalist painting. But anyone who likes things very simple could be called a minimalist. A president who takes a hands-off approach to policy, a composer who only plays one note, a designer who puts only a bed in a bedroom: they're all minimalists.
WORD FAMILY
minimalist: minimalists+/ minimal: minimalism, minimally/ minimalism: minimalist
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s clearly a disciple of pioneering tape-loop Minimalists like Terry Riley and Steve Reich using far more modern gear.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The walls were white, and the décor was minimalist.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
At Paris fashion week, a few weeks later, Kim’s sister Kendall wore a minimalist black bandeau top that echoed Kim’s look.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 极简抽象艺术的，极简抽象风格的; 最低必须限度的
n. 极简抽象派艺术家，极简派音乐家; 保守派
分布：最低限要求者(100%)
→来自拉丁语minimus,最小的，-ist,人。引申词义极简主义者。minimalist 极简主义者
adjective
SIMPLE 简单的
■belonging or relating to a style in art, design and theatre that uses the smallest range of materials and colours possible, and only very simple shapes or forms 极简抽象派艺术的，极简抽象派风格的，简约主义的
• minimalist painting 极简抽象艺术派画作
• The set for the ballet is minimalist - white walls and a chair. 这场芭蕾舞的布景极为简约——白墙和一张椅子。
['mɪn.ɪ.mə.lɪst] adjective
NOT DOING MUCH 不行动的
■taking or showing as little action and involvement in a situation as possible （行动或干预）尽量少的
• the party's minimalist approach to economic policy 这个党派的最低限度干预的经济政策
['mɪn.ɪ.mə.lɪst] noun countable
■an artist or designer who uses a minimalist style 极简抽象派艺术家（或设计师）

Word: ling
Front: ling
[lɪŋ] (30960/16771)
Back: n. 鳕鱼
分布：石楠(100%)
→鳕鱼义词源同long,一种长的鱼。欧石楠义词源不详。
n. 鳕鱼；石南之一种；一种似雪鱼的食用鱼
 - cod, codfish

Word: limestone
Front: limestone
[ˈlaɪmstəʊn] (六托宝 9196/6225 -1)
Back: n. 石灰岩，石灰石
分布：石灰石(100%)
US [-stoʊn] noun uncountable
■a white or light grey rock which is used as a building material and in the making of cement 石灰石；石灰岩

Word: madden
Front: madden
[ˈmædn] (雅 11276/20519)
Vocabulary: madden
(once / 771 pages)
1v 2v
Use the verb madden when something exasperates you or drives you up a wall. Terrible traffic when you're late for an appointment is sure to madden you.
If something makes you mad or gets on your nerves, it maddens you. If your dogs tend to madden you, it means that they drive you crazy. When you madden your dogs, you get them so riled up that they run around the house barking. The earliest use of the verb was literally "to make mad or insane," though by the early 1800's it meant "to drive to distraction."
WORD FAMILY
madden: maddened, maddening, maddens+/ maddening: maddeningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few places are as maddening, as beautiful and mysterious, as mystical.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mike Madden, the father of one victim, learned that his son, Griffin, was dead a week later.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
On the night of the Oakland fire, Griffin Madden arrived at the Ghost Ship with his best friend from college, David Cline.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使狂怒，使发狂
时态：maddened, maddening, maddens
分布：使发狂(50%)，激怒(50%)
→mad,疯的，-en,使。
verb transitive
■to make someone very angry or annoyed 激怒；使狂怒；使非常恼火
• It maddens me to see how unfairly Jon has been treated. 看到乔恩遭到如此不公平的对待，我很气愤。
vt. 使疯狂；激怒
 - anger, provoke
vi. 发狂
 - go ape, go bananas

Word: monty
Front: monty
[ˈmɒnti] (-/16455)
Back: n. <澳新口>必定的事物（尤指赛马时必赢的马）

Word: miscalculate
Front: miscalculate
[ˌmɪsˈkælkjuleɪt] (21305/32722 -1)
Vocabulary: miscalculate
(once / 4454 pages)
v
If you add two plus two and get five, you miscalculate. In other words, you've added the numbers incorrectly.
You can use the verb miscalculate when you're talking about actual mathematical calculations, or when you measure something in an inexact way and get it wrong. Another way to use the word is to mean "judge incorrectly," which happens when you guess that your grandmother will laugh after sitting on a whoopie cushion, but you guess wrong. Mis, in this word, means "bad or wrong," and calculate means "to compute or estimate."
WORD FAMILY
miscalculate: miscalculated, miscalculates, miscalculating, miscalculation+/calculable: calculably, incalculable / calculate: calculable, calculated, calculates, calculating, calculation, calculative, calculator, miscalculate, recalculate / calculated: calculatedly/calculating: calculatingly/ calculation: calculations/calculative: calculatively/calculator: calculators/ incalculable: incalculably/miscalculation: miscalculations/ recalculate: recalculated, recalculates, recalculating, recalculation/recalculation: recalculations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Renzi sorely miscalculated in the runup to the Dec. 4 referendum on constitutional reforms, vowing to resign if it failed.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
And Dunnington “clearly understood” that DOC’s database was miscalculating release dates for certain offenders, the report added.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
But gauging the success of those advertisements has been a struggle, highlighted by Facebook’s recent admission that it had miscalculated video viewing metrics for years.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 误算; 对…判断错误
时态：miscalculated, miscalculating, miscalculates
分布：误算(58%)，误估(42%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，calculate,计算。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to calculate an amount wrongly 误算；（把…）算错
• [+ question word] We had a lot of food left over from the party because I'd miscalculated how much people would eat. 因为我算错了大家的食量，所以聚会剩下了大量食物。
■to judge a situation badly 错误地判断；失算
• He miscalculated badly when he underestimated the response of the international community to the invasion. 他严重失算，低估了国际社会对这次侵略的反应。
vt. 算错；估计错误
 - get it wrong
vi. 算错；判断错误
 - get it wrong

Word: nozzle
Front: nozzle
[ˈnɒzl] (13369/16192 -1)
Vocabulary: nozzle
(once / 6689 pages)
1n 2n
A nozzle is the spout at the end of a hose that water flows through.
Any kind of fluid — oil, gasoline — can move through a tube and squirt out of a nozzle, but we usually think of water in a hose, with the nozzle controlling the spray. The root of nozzle is nose, which — if you use a little imagination — describes the shape of most nozzles.
WORD FAMILY
nozzle: nozzles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Devising a nozzle for the aeroponic sprayer proved a tougher problem.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She held a metal watering can in her hand, tilting it to let the water out through the nozzle.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
GE says it will produce 6,000 fuel nozzle injectors at the facility this year, and double output next year.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 管嘴，喷嘴; 〈俚〉鼻子
分布：喷嘴(100%)
→来自nose,鼻子，-le,小词后缀。引申词义喷嘴。
US ['nɑ:.zl] noun countable
■a narrow piece fixed to the end of a tube so that the liquid or air that comes out can be directed in a particular way 管嘴，喷嘴
• Attach the nozzle to the garden hose before turning on the water. 打开水龙头之前，把管嘴接到浇花园的软管上。
n. [航] [机] 喷嘴；管口；鼻
 - jet, brenner

Word: peddler
Front: peddler
[ˈpedlə(r)] (16593/46529)
Vocabulary: peddler
(once / 2677 pages)
n
A peddler is a specific type of salesperson: someone who travels from town to town selling their wares.
A peddler is someone who sells things, but it's a very specific type of selling. Peddlers — also known as hawkers and pitchmen — travel from town to town, especially with a carnival or circus. Peddlers are also found on the street, selling many different things, from jewelry to DVDs. There's a shady implication to this word, since peddlers have included people selling snake oil and other worthless products. Instead of buying from a peddler, you're probably better off at a store.
WORD FAMILY
peddler: peddlers+/ peddle: peddled, peddler, peddles, peddling/peddling: peddlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Peddler’s Pantry item was sold in 2 ounce size and dated Dec. 25 through March 27.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s a world where the peddlers of lies at Breitbart pretend to fact-check the Guardian’s reporting on the US border.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
The historic Peddler’s Village features 65 retail shops and merchants.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. <主新闻>不法商贩，（尤指）毒贩
分布：小贩(92%)，毒品贩(5%)，=pedlar.(3%)
→可能来自拉丁语pedis,脚，词源同foot,biped.用于指古代走街串巷的小贩。
US [-lɚ] noun countable (mainly UK pedlar)
■especially in the past, a person who travelled to different places to sell small goods, usually by going from house to house （尤指旧时沿街叫卖的）小贩
■(mainly UK pedlar) disapproving
■someone who gives ideas to other people （思想的）散布者，兜售者
• a peddler of New Age philosophies 到处散播新时代哲学思想的人
(drug) peddler old-fashioned
■someone who sells illegal drugs to people 毒品贩子
n. 小贩；传播者
 - pedlar, conveyor

Word: pathological
Front: pathological
[ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (宝 13390/12430 -1)
Vocabulary: pathological
(once / 3848 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something is caused by a physical or mental disease, it is pathological. Someone with a pathological compulsion for cleanliness might scrub the floors for hours every night.
Pathological comes from a Greek word, pathologikos, which means “treating of diseases” — pathos means "suffering." Anyone who studies or works with diseases, from their causes to their symptoms, identifies how the disease affects its victims, in other words, its pathological effects. Remember that this is a medical distinction. If a person has, for example, obsessive-compulsive disorder, his or her repetitive actions are pathological.
WORD FAMILY
pathological: pathologically+/ pathologist: pathologists/ pathology: pathologic, pathological, pathologies, pathologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The difficulty in keeping weight off reflects biology, not a pathological lack of willpower affecting two-thirds of the U.S.A.,” he said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The problems are the sociological, the pathological, the political and the legal.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Despite sharing similar symptoms, there are important pathological distinctions between the two main forms of IBD.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. [医]病理学的; 由疾病引起的; 病态的，疾病的
分布：病理学的(100%)
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
NOT CONTROLLED 不受控制的 informal
■(of a person) unable to control part of their behaviour; unreasonable （行为）无法控制的，病态的，非理智的
• I've got a pathological fear of heights. 我有惧高症。
• Anthony's a pathological liar. 安东尼说谎成性。
UK [ˌpæθ.ə'lɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl] US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■relating to or caused by a disease 病理的，病态的，由疾病引起的
• a pathological condition/complaint 病情／病症
adj. [病理] 病理学的；病态的；由疾病引起的（等于pathologic）
 - sick, wan

Word: parti

Word: proconsul
Front: proconsul
[prəʊ'kɒnsl] (39027/45921)
Back: n. 地方总督，殖民地总督
分布：地方总督(60%)，殖民地总督(40%)

Word: physiological
Front: physiological
[ˌfɪzɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (研六托雅宝 8058/8196)
Vocabulary: physiological
(once / 1509 pages)
adj
Anything physiological has to do with the body and its systems. You might notice that your physiological response to a scary movie includes your heart beating faster and your hands getting sweaty.
You know that the root word of physiological is phys, which refers to the body (think of those phys. ed. classes you panted through). That root comes from the Greek word for nature. Add the suffix ology, which means "the study of" (see where we're going?), and finally, tack on that little ical. Ta-taa! You have turned the root into an adjective to describe the way your body works. Let's get physiological!
WORD FAMILY
physiological: physiologically+/physiologist: physiologists/ physiology: physiologic, physiological, physiologies, physiologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Human rights organizations say torture and other forms of physiological and physical abuse are common at prison camps throughout the country.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The Streams app gathers information about key physiological measurers and warns when readings are high or low.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
One idea was to show people naked pictures and then to measure their physiological responses to their partners.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 生理学的; 生理的
分布：生理学的(53%)，生理的(47%)
a.生理学的,生理学上的To understand this disease fully, we must examine not only its physiological aspects but also its psychological elements.
N-UNCOUNT
生理学
Physiology is the scientific study of how people's and animals' bodies function, and of how plants function.
例：...the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.诺贝尔医学和生理学奖
N-UNCOUNT
生理（机能）
The physiology of a human or animal's body or of a plant is the way that it functions.
例：...the physiology of respiration.呼吸生理
例：...insect physiology.昆虫的生理机能

Word: prelate
Front: prelate
[ˈprelət] (25267/24518)
Vocabulary: prelate
(once / 867 pages)
n
A prelate is a high-ranking member of the clergy, such as a cardinal, abbot, or bishop, who has authority over lesser clergy. Both Catholic and Protestant religions have prelates in their ranks.
The source of prelate is the Latin adjective praelatus, "noble," whose meaning is appropriate to the modern meaning, a high-level church dignitary. The word was applied to those high-ranking clergymen around the beginning of the 13th century, the Middle English coming from the Middle French prelat. As the church's importance increased, so did the importance implied by the word prelate. Ambrose Bierce referred to a prelate as "one of Heaven's aristocracy."
WORD FAMILY
prelate: prelacy, prelates+/prelacy: prelacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still another tabloid doctored photographs to suggest Mr. Gülen is a Roman Catholic prelate.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
These prelates might continue to work or travel, but only one octogenarian maintains significant influence in the church.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Despite the change in ambition, Alain Juppé — the leading conservative contender for the French presidency — has maintained something of a prelate’s sober discipline.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 高级教士
分布：高级教士(73%)，高位神职者(27%)
→pre-,在前，早于，-lat,携带，承载，词源同relate,translate.后用于指高级神职人员。
【记】pre前，late迟到：以前迟到，现在不迟到，因为当了主教。
noun countable
■an official of high rank in the Christian religion, such as a bishop or an abbot 高级教士

Word: promiscuity
Front: promiscuity
[ˌprɒmɪs'kju:ətɪ] (18977/19729)
Back: n. 混杂，混乱; （男女的）乱交
分布：混乱(47%)，杂乱(32%)，放荡(21%)
混杂,杂乱(promiscuous,ous变成ity)"[Misc=mix,表示"混淆"]
US [ˌprɑ:.mɪ'skju:.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when someone is promiscuous 乱交，滥交
n. 乱交；混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: puma
Front: puma
[ˈpju:mə] (22654/24173)
Back: n. 美洲狮; 彪马; 于1948年成立于德国荷索金劳勒(Herzogenaurach)的国际运动品牌; 创始人：鲁道夫及达斯勒。
分布：美洲狮(100%)
→来自南美土著语puma.
mainly UK (mainly US cougar)
noun countable
■a large brown wild cat that lives in North and South America 美洲狮
n. [脊椎] 美洲狮
 - mountain lion, cougar

Word: pudding
Front: pudding
[ˈpʊdɪŋ] (四六 8518/5387 -2)
Vocabulary: pudding
(once / 694 pages)
n
Pudding is a sweet, creamy dessert that you eat with a spoon. The song “We Wish You a Merry Christmas” implores someone to “bring us some figgy pudding,” but chocolate or vanilla would be much easier to find.
Most pudding is made with milk, sugar, and flavoring with a thickening agent like cornstarch. Your favorite might be dark chocolate, butterscotch, or rice pudding. These are delicious, smooth, and usually served cold. In Britain, pudding simply means "dessert," but in North America pudding is a specific kind of after-dinner treat. Back in the 1300s, pudding had a different meaning: "a kind of sausage." You can still get that kind of blood pudding in England. If you must.
WORD FAMILY
pudding: puddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
With roast spuds, Yorkshire pudding and stuffing, it is true that Christmas dinner is perhaps not the healthiest meal of the year.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“My mother used to prepare plum pudding a year in advance,” Coe said.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Scott, writing in The Times, called this Richard Curtis comedy “an indigestible Christmas pudding.”
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （一道）甜食，甜点心; 布丁（通常用面粉经烘烤或蒸煮做成的美味甜食品）; 肥胖而迟钝的人; [航]船尾碰垫
分布：布丁(99%)，血肠(1%)
→来自中古英语poding,香肠，来自Proto-Germanic*pud,膨胀，鼓起，来自bu,膨胀，词源同pout.
noun
SWEET FOOD 甜食
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable UK
■a sweet and usually hot dish made with pastry, flour, bread or rice and often fruit 布丁（通常由油酥面团、面粉、面包或米加上水果制成的热甜食）
• a sticky toffee/treacle pudding 黏乎乎的奶油太妃／糖蜜布丁
• Is there any more rice pudding? 还有米布丁吗？
 ADVANCED uncountable US
■a sweet soft food made from milk, sugar, eggs and flavouring which is eaten cold 布丁（由牛奶、糖、鸡蛋和调味料制成的松软的冷甜食）
• chocolate/vanilla/butterscotch pudding 巧克力／香草／牛油糖果布丁
 ADVANCED uncountable (informal pud) UK
■the final part of a meal when a sweet dish is eaten; dessert （一餐中的最后一道菜）甜点
• What's for pudding? 拿甚么作甜点？
• I thought we'd have trifle for pudding. 我想我们用奶油松糕作甜点吧。
['pʊd.ɪŋ] noun
SAVOURY FOOD 美味佳肴
countable or uncountable (informal pud) UK
■a hot savoury dish made with pastry or flour, which contains or is eaten with meat （用肉加面粉做的）布丁，香肠
• steak and kidney pudding 牛排腰子布丁
['pʊd.ɪŋ] noun
be in the pudding club UK old-fashioned
■to be pregnant 怀孕
['pʊd.ɪŋ] noun
over-egg the pudding UK
■to spoil something by trying too hard to improve it 画蛇添足
n. 布丁
 - pud

Word: protestation
Front: protestation
[ˌprɒtəˈsteɪʃn] (21131/18484)
Back: n. （严正的）声明
分布：抗议(55%)，声明(27%)，断言(18%)
→来自protest,声明，断言。
US [ˌprɑ:.tˌes'teɪ-] formal
noun countable usually plural
■when someone says something forcefully or complains about something 抗议；郑重声明；主张
• Ignoring my protestations (= strong expressions of disagreement) , they went ahead and chopped the tree down. 他们不理睬我的抗议，继续砍个不停，把树砍倒了。
• Their protestations (= strong expressions) of loyalty seem rather hollow in view of the way they behaved. 从他们的表现来看，他们表示效忠的豪言壮语显得很空洞。
n. 抗议，异议；声明；断言
 - statement, profession, assurance, exception, claim

Word: rotary
Front: rotary
[ˈrəʊtəri] (研四六 12580/12122 -1)
Vocabulary: rotary
(once / 5334 pages)
1adjn 2n
Anything rotary has a circular form, like an old-fashioned phone. A rotary is also a traffic circle.
Just as the Earth rotates around the sun, rotary objects move in a circle or orbit. A rotary telephone has a circular dial that turns, and a rotary mower has a cutting blade that moves in a circular motion. A type of street where traffic flows in a circle — sometimes called a roundabout — can also be called a rotary. The word stems from the Latin word rotarius, "pertaining to wheels," from its root word rota, or "wheel."
WORD FAMILY
rotary: rotaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city of Wichita thought the rotary jail was the most secure jail built, Bayens said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Other automakers also use electronic rotary shifters, but the fact that they're different from conventional shifters seems to confuse drivers.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Lockheed’s rotary and mission systems business unit, which handles the bulk of its semiconductor work, spent a year preparing for the investment.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 旋转的
n. 旋转式机器; 环行交叉路
分布：旋转的(87%)，旋转式机器(9%)，环形交叉路(4%)
→来自拉丁语 rota,轮子，来自 ret,旋转，转动，词源同 round,roll,rotate.
a.旋转的The rotary agitator irrigated him.旋转的鼓动者可灌溉的他.
US ['roʊ.tˌɚ-] adjective
■(of a machine) having a part that moves around in a circle （机器）有旋转部件的；旋转式的
• a rotary engine 旋转式引擎
adj. [机] 旋转的，转动的；轮流的
 - rolling, revolutionary

Word: resale
Front: resale
[ˈri:seɪl] (16743/15872)
Back: n. 再卖
分布：转售(93%)，再贩卖(7%)
N-UNCOUNT
转售；再卖
The resale price of something that you own is the amount of money that you would get if you sold it.
例：...a well-maintained used car with a good resale value.一辆保养得很好、还能卖个好价钱的二手车
n. [贸易] 转售；零售；再贩卖
 - retail, sell-through

Word: regrettably
Front: regrettably
[rɪ'ɡretəblɪ] (17048/13708)
Vocabulary: regrettably
(once / 29041 pages)
adv
The sentence adverb regrettably is good for expressing regret, or sorrow, about an unfortunate event. If you forgot that today, May 5th, is your brother's birthday, you might say, "Regrettably, I thought today was the fourth."
Regrettably is often used at the beginning of a sentence that tells something you wish you had done — or hadn't. You can also use it in the middle of a thought to signify sadness, apology, or regret, like when you're lost in the woods with a guide who's regrettably choosing one wrong path after another. Regrettably also describes things that are disappointing, like your regrettably brief career as a fire juggler.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
regrettably / regretfully
Regrettably is used when something's a bummer, but it's not necessarily your fault. Regretfully is when you're full of regret, like if you decided to stay home and your friends saw your crush at the dance.
Both words have the same root: regret, meaning to feel sadness, repentance, or disappointment, but they each have their own way of dealing with it. Regrettably describes something that deserves regret, and is used like the word "unfortunately." Regrettably is like bad luck, and it often kicks off a sentence:
Regrettably, Mr. Gao and Dr. Liu's imprisonment reflect the increased assaults on the rule of law and the repression faced by human rights advocates in China. (Council for a Community of Democracies)
Regrettably, some consumer advocates have joined in that chorus. (New York Times)
"Regrettably, few weapons in the history of warfare, once created, have gone unused," Lynn said. (Forbes)
But regretfully is more like a polite way to say sadly, like if you must regretfully decline an invitation to the garden party. Or if you're full of regret, like if you regretfully stayed in on Saturday night because you thought the party would be boring. Regretfully can begin a sentence, but it usually doesn't:
"I am half sorry we spared him after all," Leonidas said regretfully. (Robert H. Fuller)
The man looked down at his boy sadly, sorrowfully, regretfully. (Maurice Thompson)
People have confused them so often, by using regretfully as a sentence adverb to mean unfortunately, that it's kind of okay to do it now. Both words look behind them and wish something else had happened, but regrettably is when it's not your fault, and regretfully is when you're full of it. (Regret, that is.)
WORD FAMILY
regrettable: regrettably +/ regret: regretful, regrets, regrettable, regretted, regretting/ regretful: regretfully, unregretful/regretting: unregretting/unregretful: unregretfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
I regrettably passed up on the apple and plum crumble in lieu of the panettone.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Doris, she observed, was not her mother, adoptive or otherwise; her parents were not only still alive but “regrettably” still in contact with her.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Taggart’s hiring is noteworthy, regrettably, because of the color of his skin.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adv. 令人遗憾地，使人懊悔地
分布：可悲地(40%)，遗憾地(30%)，抱歉地(30%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人遗憾的;可惜的;令人惋惜的
You describe something as regrettable when you think that it is bad and that it should not happen or have happened.
例：...an investigation into what the army described as a regrettable incident...对军方称之为令人遗憾的事件的调查
例：It is regrettable that strike leaders seem intent on spoiling holidays.遗憾的是罢工领导人似乎决意要破坏节日的气氛。
adv. 遗憾地；抱歉地；可悲地
 - unhappily, miserably

Word: ringleader
Front: ringleader
[ˈrɪŋli:də(r)] (20502/23070)
Back: n. （违法犯罪团伙的）头目，首恶，元凶
分布：头目(63%)，罪魁(37%)
→ring,马戏场，leader,领班，老板。字面意思即马戏场老板，比喻用法。
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■the leader of a group of people who are doing something harmful or illegal 头目；首犯；元凶
n. 罪魁祸首；元凶
 - arch-criminal

Word: slipper
Front: slipper
[ˈslɪpə(r)] (研四六托 8779/9057 -1)
Back: n. 拖鞋，（室内）便鞋; （马车的）煞车，[机]滑动部分，滑屐; （小孩的）围兜，放猎狗的猎人
v. （用拖鞋）打（孩子等）; 穿着拖鞋走
分布：拖鞋(100%)
→slip,滑出，滑动，-er,表物。用于指拖鞋，便鞋。
n.便鞋,拖鞋With his lips the sly fly clipped the slippery slipper that eclipsed his sight.狡猾的苍蝇用嘴唇夹住遮挡他视线的滑拖鞋.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a type of soft comfortable shoe for wearing inside the house 拖鞋
• a pair of slippers 一双拖鞋
n. 拖鞋
 - baboosh, pantofle, chinela

Word: saskatchewan
Front: saskatchewan
[sə'skætʃəwən] (-/37404)
Back: n. 萨斯喀彻温省
分布：名词(100%)

Word: saffron
Front: saffron
[ˈsæfrən] (16430/21521 -1)
Vocabulary: saffron
(once / 3127 pages)
n
Saffron is a deep yellow-orange colored spice that's commonly used in Middle Eastern and South Asian food. Because it's quite expensive, saffron is usually sold in small quantities.
Saffron looks like short, feathery threads — it's made from dried crocus stigmas, the thin stems at the center of the flower. A pinch of saffron, sometimes soaked in water, gives food a subtle sweet, grassy flavor and often a hint of orange or yellow color. This color itself is also called saffron. The word saffron comes from the Old French safran, by way of the Medieval Latin safranum, ultimately from the Arabic root az-za'faran.
WORD FAMILY
saffron: saffrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
I created many of the recipes on the menu, and they are heavy on yogurt, chilies and saffron.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rake saffron and powdered pepper and throw them on the honey.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
The room is dim, with saffron walls and burgundy banquettes; masks of Hindu deities keep vigil.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. [植]藏红花（色的），番红花（色的）; （用于食品上色和调味的）干藏红花粉; 金黄色，橘黄色
adj. 藏红花色的; 橘黄色的
分布：藏红花(92%)，橘黄色(8%)
→来自古法语 safran,藏红花，来自阿拉伯语 za'faran,藏红花，词源不详。
noun uncountable
SPICE 香料
■a dark yellow substance obtained from a flower and used as a spice to give colour and flavour to food 番红花粉（用于给食物增色提味）
• saffron rice 番红花米饭
['sæf.rən] noun uncountable
COLOUR 颜色
■dark yellow 番红花色（的），暗黄色（的）
['sæf.rən] adjective
■dark yellow
n. [植] [中医] 藏红花；橙黄色
 - gamboge
adj. [植] [中医] 藏红花色的，橘黄色的
 - aurantia

Word: snob
Front: snob
[snɒb] (研六宝 17236/19513 -1)
Vocabulary: snob
(once / 1769 pages)
n
If your best friend tells you that you've become a snob, he means that you've become condescending and you like to think you're better than everyone else. Of course maybe he's a snob for looking down on your behavior — how annoying!
Snob has a funny history. It used be slang for "shoemaker," then "common person," and then came to mean "someone who doesn't have a degree from a fancy university," and then it started to mean "people who liked to pretend they have degrees and are generally fancy and look down on common people like shoemakers." Nowadays, snob isn't only for people with false pretentions. Rich people who despise less tasteful folks are snobs, too.
WORD FAMILY
snob: snobbery, snobbish, snobbism, snobby, snobs+/ snobbery: snobberies/ snobbish: snobbishly, snobbishness/snobbism: snobbisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here he let loose as a cosmopolitan snob.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sensitive and perceptive as he is, he becomes, in his new moneyed condition, a snob, amused by the new deference which greets him everywhere.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
“It was impossible to imagine what happened, even in a nightmare,” he said, according to Snob online publication.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 势利小人，势利眼; 附庸风雅之徒，假内行
分布：势利小人(90%)，自命不凡的人(10%)
→词源不详，原义为修鞋匠，补鞋匠，后约于 1796 年剑桥大学学生借用该词来指小市民，小 商人，小商贩，并最终用于文学词义指势利眼，势利小人。也有俗词源解读为在 19 世纪初， 牛津和剑桥大学在普通学生的名字前面标注拉丁语 sine nobilitate,字面意思即非贵族，来自 sine,无，没有，nobilitate,贵族，词源同 noble.更为接受的说法是，标注为该拉丁语对应的法 语 sans noblesse,非贵族。
US [snɑ:b] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■a person who respects and likes only people who are of a high social class, and/or a person who has extremely high standards who is not satisfied by the things that ordinary people like 势利小人，势利眼；爱虚荣的人
• He's a frightful snob - if you haven't been to the right school he probably won't even speak to you. 他是个十足的势利眼——如果你没上过名牌学校，他也许一句话都不跟你说。
• I'm afraid I'm a bit of a wine snob/a snob where wine is concerned. 我想我对葡萄酒有点挑剔。
n. 势利小人，势利眼；假内行
 - tuft-hunter

Word: subterranean
Front: subterranean
[ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən] (托宝 14509/14927 -1)
Vocabulary: subterranean
(once / 1443 pages)
adj
Subterranean is an adjective that describes something just below what can be seen, like the subterranean jealousy you hide under a smile and kind words for the actor who got the part you wanted.
Subterranean feelings and intentions are those you keep "on the down low." In fact, real things that are subterranean really are down low — underground, in fact. A subterranean worm lives under the earth's surface. A subterranean lair is a secret hideout dug under the dirt — or maybe it's just your basement. The word comes from the Latin subterraneus, from sub meaning "under" and terra meaning "earth."
WORD FAMILY
subterranean: subterraneanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon after arriving at Il Borghino we hit the villa’s yoga room, a subterranean space whose long window looks into a mosaic-tiled swimming pool.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Now many of the former subterranean workers find themselves in a totally different environment.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
It includes a hidden bath in the master bedroom, sliding bookshelf ladders in a subterranean library and a folding corner wall.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 地表下面的，地下的; 隐藏的; 暗中的
n. 地下室; 生活在地下的人; 地下生存的动物（东西）
分布：地下的(63%)，隐蔽的(37%)
→sub-,在下，-terr,地，土地，词源同 terrain,Mediterranean.
地下的(sub+terr转→转下去→推翻)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
地下的(sub下面+terr+anean)[terr=eartth表示"土地"]
US [-tə'reɪ-] adjective
■under the ground 地下的
• subterranean passages 地下通道
• a subterranean river 地底河
adj. 地下的；秘密的；隐蔽的
 - underground, secret, chamber, inside, cabinet

Word: sweetness
Front: sweetness
[ˈswi:tnəs] (六 9462/12041)
Back: n. 甜蜜; 美妙; 芳香; 可爱
分布：甜美(57%)，芳香(32%)，美味(11%)
→sweet,甜的，-ness,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■the quality of being sweet 甜蜜；可爱
['swi:t.nəs] noun uncountable
be (all) sweetness and light
■to be very peaceful and friendly 亲切友善，和蔼可亲
• They'd had a big argument yesterday, but by this morning it was all sweetness and light again. 他们昨天大吵了一架，但今天早上又和好如初。
n. 美妙；芳香；可爱
 - aroma, balminess

Word: sucker
Front: sucker
[ˈsʌkə(r)] (9958/15183 -1)
Back: n. 容易上当受骗的人; 酷爱…的人; 吸盘; 玩意儿
v. 欺骗; 诱骗
分布：吸盘(54%)，傻瓜(23%)，吸管(23%)
→suck,抽吸，-er,表物。引申词义吸盘。
US [-ɚ] noun
STICKING DEVICE 吸附装置
countable
■something that helps an animal or object to stick to a surface （动物或物体的）吸盘
• The leech has a sucker at each end of its body. 蚂蟥的头尾两端各有一个吸盘。
countable UK informal for * suction cup
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
PLANT PART 植物的部分
countable specialized
■a new growth on an existing plant that develops under the ground from the root or the main stem, or from the stem below a graft (= part where a new plant has been joined on) （从植物的根部、主茎等长出的）吸根，吸枝
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
FOOLISH PERSON 蠢人
countable informal disapproving
■a person who believes everything they are told and is therefore easy to deceive 容易上当的人；轻信的人
• You didn't actually believe him when he said he had a yacht, did you? Oh, Annie, you sucker! 他说他有个游艇时，你不是真的相信了吧？噢，安妮，你这个傻瓜！
be a sucker for sth informal
■to like something so much that you cannot refuse it or judge its real value 对…无法抗拒；对…入迷
• I have to confess I'm a bit of a sucker for musicals. 我得承认我对音乐剧有点太入迷。
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
THING OR PERSON 物或人
countable US informal
■used to refer to a thing or person that is unpleasant or difficult （令人不快或困难的）东西，家伙
• I've been working on that paper for weeks and almost have the sucker finished. 那篇讨厌的论文我已经写了几个星期，就快写好了。
• He's a nasty little sucker, isn't he? 他是个讨厌的小捣蛋鬼，不是吗？
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
SWEET 糖
countable US informal for
■ lollipop
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  sucker sb into sth US informal
■to persuade someone to do something by deceiving them 骗（某人）做…
• [+ -ing verb] We were suckered into doing the job for free. 我们受骗，白白做了那工作。
n. [动] 吸管；乳儿；易受骗的人
 - straw, greenhorn

Word: solitude
Front: solitude
[ˈsɒlɪtju:d] (研托宝 8164/10264 -1)
Vocabulary: solitude
(once / 326 pages)
n
Solitude is the state of being alone. You might crave solitude after spending the holidays with your big, loud family — you want nothing more than to get away from everyone for a little while.
Solitude can also refer to a place where you're completely alone. The middle of the woods, the top of a big mountain, the middle of a vast desert, even your room — these are places where you might go for solitude. Solitude comes from the Latin word solitudinem, which means "loneliness," but if you have moments of solitude that doesn't necessarily mean you're lonely. The word solitude carries the sense that you're enjoying being alone by choice.
WORD FAMILY
solitude: solitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Akay uses those rare moments of solitude to write letters home.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In “The Labyrinth of Solitude,” the Mexican poet Octavio Paz described his country’s revolution as an existential event, liberating and channeling enormous energies of self-discovery.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
There’s a sense of genuine solitude in the best letters in “The Correspondence.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 单独，孤独; 偏僻处，隐居处; 幽静（的地方），荒野
分布：孤独(87%)，独居(10%)，幽静的地方(2%)，荒僻之地(1%)
→sol-,单独的，独自的，-itude,名词后缀。引申词义独处，独居。
孤独(sol+itude)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
孤独(sol单个)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
【记】sol＝sole孤独，itude表示状态
US ['sɑ:.lə.tu:d] noun uncountable
■the situation of being alone without other people 独处，独居
• a life of solitude 独居的生活
• After months of solitude at sea it felt strange to be in company. 在海上独居了几个月之后，对有人陪伴感到有些不适应。
• It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. 它为人们提供了幽居独处、玄思冥想的机会。
n. 孤独；隐居；荒僻的地方
 - privacy, loneliness

Word: telegram
Front: telegram
[ˈtelɪgræm] (高研四六 12224/9971 -1)
Vocabulary: telegram
(once / 417 pages)
n
A telegram is a message sent by a telegraph, which is also called a wire.
Over time, there have been many means of communicating, such as messenger pigeon, telephone, text message, letter, and email. Another is the telegram, which is a message sent by a telegraph. People often said a telegram was sent "by wire" because the sender and receiver of telegrams were connected by a wire. The electric telegraph has been around since the late 1800's. In the Civil War, important information was sent by telegram, which was the speediest means of communication.
WORD FAMILY
telegram: telegrams
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ministry said during questioning, the nephew said he was in contact with Amri via Telegram’s encrypted communications to avoid detection.
Time(Dec 24, 2016)
“Christmas, Hanukkah, and New Years Day is very soon,” began a Dec. 6 posting on one of the terrorist group’s usual Telegram bulletin boards.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
IS released the video through a number of its online accounts and through the messaging app Telegram.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 电报
vt. 电报：用电报机发送的信息
分布：电报(99%)，向 ... 发电报(1%)
→tele-,远的，-gram,写，记录，衍生自-graph.引申词义电报。
电报(tele+gram写,画)[tele=fur表示"远",引申为"电",电从远方来]
n.电报The telegram says that the diagrams show the grammar of the program.电报说图表表示程序的语法.
['tel.ɪ.græm/ (US also wire)
noun countable
■(especially in the past) a piece of paper with a message sent by telegraph （尤指过去的）电报
cable, telegraph, telegram
这组词都有“电报”的意思，其区别是：
cable: 通常指通过海底电缆打的电报，也可指广义的电报。
telegraph: 侧重指通信方式和电报业各，不可数名词，表想象概念。
telegram: 常用词，指通过电报系统发出的信息，尤指具体的一份份电报。
n. [通信] 电报
 - wire, tgm

Word: uniformity
Front: uniformity
[ˌju:nɪ'fɔ:mətɪ] (托 13931/10171 -1)
Vocabulary: uniformity
(once / 1343 pages)
n
Have you ever noticed that even though you and your friend have different history teachers, you are both learning the same thing? That is because of the uniformity, or consistency, of the curriculum.
Think about the word uniform. When you see police officers or students in uniform, it makes them all kind of look the same. If things don't change, you can say there is uniformity. Uniformity can be a good or a bad thing. A uniformity in TV shows would be boring. On the other hand, you would like to see uniformity among the standards of medical schools, so you know all doctors are qualified.
WORD FAMILY
uniformity: nonuniformity, uniformities+/ uniform: nonuniform, uniformed, uniforming, uniformise, uniformity, uniformize, uniformly, uniformness, uniforms/uniformize: uniformizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in this situation, their uniformity works against them.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
A report last year by the White House Council of Economic Advisers noted the wide disparities in licensing uniformity among the 50 states.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
In particular, the visible symbol suggests a uniformity in the Muslim community that is not accurate.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 均匀性; 单调，无变化; 同样，一样
分布：一致(96%)，同样(4%)
一致性(uniform+ity)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
一致性(uniform+ity)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
【反】variation（n 变更；变化）；diversity（n 差异；多样性）
N-UNCOUNT
统一（性);一致（性）；规则（性）
If there is uniformity in something such as a system, organization, or group of countries, the same rules, ideas, or methods are applied in all parts of it.
例：Spanish liberals sought to create linguistic as well as administrative uniformity.西班牙自由主义者寻求语言及行政上的统一。
例：...the strength of the ideology is seen in the remarkable uniformity of attitudes and beliefs.从态度和信仰上的高度一致可以看出意识形态的力量
n. 均匀性； [数] 一致；同样
 - accordance, unity, agreement, identity, keeping

Word: uneasily
Front: uneasily
[ʌn'i:zɪlɪ] (14451/10274)
Back: adv. 心神不安地; 忧虑地; 不自在地; 拘束地
分布：不安地(67%)，局促地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
焦虑的；不安的；心神不定的；不自在的
If you are uneasy, you feel anxious, afraid, or embarrassed, because you think that something is wrong or that there is danger.
例：He said nothing but gave me a sly grin that made me feel terribly uneasy...他什么也没说，只是朝我狡黠地笑了笑，这让我感到极其不安。
例：He looked uneasy and refused to answer questions...他看上去焦虑不安，拒绝回答问题。
ADJ-GRADED
不确定的；无把握的
If you are uneasy about doing something, you are not sure that it is correct or wise.
例：Richard was uneasy about how best to approach his elderly mother...最好如何去跟年迈的母亲谈，理查德心里没有数。
例：Scientists feel uneasy about giving a positive answer.科学家们觉得很难给出一个明确的答案。
ADJ-GRADED
（局势或关系）不稳定的，动荡的
If you describe a situation or relationship as uneasy, you mean that the situation is not settled and may not last.
例：An uneasy calm has settled over Los Angeles...洛杉矶归于一种不稳定的平静之中。
例：The uneasy alliance between these two men offered a glimmer of hope...两人之间不够稳固的联合给了人们一线希望。
ADJ
（书或音乐）难懂的，晦涩的
If you describe a book or music as uneasy, you are critical of it because it is difficult to read or listen to.
例：'Rid Of Me' is harrowing, uneasy listening...《弃我而去》这首歌非常伤感，听起来很晦涩。
例：This is an uneasy travel book.这本旅游手册不是很好懂。
adv. 不自在地；不稳定地；心神不安地
 - uncomfortably, astatically

Word: undeveloped
Front: undeveloped
[ˌʌndɪˈveləpt] (14364/18510)
Back: adj. 未充分发育的; 未发展的; 不发达的; 尚未用于农业、工业、建筑业的
分布：未开发的(58%)，不发达的(33%)，未充分发育的(9%)
adjective
■An undeveloped place or piece of land has not been built on or used for farming. （地方或土地）未开发的；未耕种的
adj. 未开发的；不发达的； [生物] 未充分发育的
 - untapped, unexploited

Word: utilitarian
Front: utilitarian
[ˌju:tɪlɪˈteəriən] (托宝 12219/12417 -1)
Vocabulary: utilitarian
(once / 2974 pages)
adjn
The adjective utilitarian describes something that is useful or functional. If you are attracted to a car for its storage space and gas mileage — as opposed to its sparkly tire rims — then chances are you value a car's utilitarian features.
The word utilitarian was coined by the philosopher and judge Jeremy Bentham, who argued that his principle of utility would create the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people." The noun form of utilitarian refers to a person who adheres to this philosophy of usefulness. "They couldn't agree on the decor for their living room. She wanted whimsy — delicate tables, fragile statues of fairies and unicorns, and cushions on the floor to sit on. He wanted something more utilitarian and useful — comfortable chairs, a giant TV, and sturdy tables to put your feet on."
WORD FAMILY
utilitarian: utilitarianism, utilitarians+/utilisation: overutilisation/utilise: utilisation, utilised, utiliser, utilises, utilising, utility / utilitarianism: utilitarianisms/ utility: utilitarian, utilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's simply a decent restaurant--utilitarian in every sense.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
When Kloster looked at the utilitarian cargo harbor, he saw potential.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“There was a really utilitarian aspect to it,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 功利的; 功利主义的，实利主义的; 有效用的; 实用的
n. 功利主义者; 实用主义者
分布：功利的(53%)，功利主义者(27%)，实用的(20%)
→来自拉丁语uti, 使用，利用，即利用主义，功利主义。
功利主义的(utility+arian......的→有用为主→公里主义)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
功利主义的(人)(vutility实用,功用)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
US [-'ter.i-] adjective
■designed to be useful rather than decorative 实用的
• Like many factories it's a very ugly utilitarian building. 和许多工厂一样，这是一座外表丑陋但很实用的建筑。

Word: urdu

Word: variability
Front: variability
[ˌveəriəˈbɪləti] (托 8403/10688)
Vocabulary: variability
(once / 4476 pages)
n
The weather in San Francisco is known for its variability. One minute it's summer and the next, winter. Variability means the tendency to shift or change — of being "variable."
There are many words that contain vari-, and they almost all have to do with change or difference. Variability is the noun version of this idea. The variability of the weather means that you never know exactly what to wear. T-shirt or sweater: the choices vary along with the weather. Many things are known for their variability: the taste of teenagers, the talent of the singers on "American Idol," Frank Sinatra's moods. These are just some of the things that exhibit real variability.
WORD FAMILY
variability: variabilities+/ invariable: invariability, invariableness, invariables, invariably /invariant: invariance, invariants/unvaried: unvariedly, unvariedness/ unvarying: unvaryingly/ variable: invariable, variability, variableness, variables, variably/ variance: variances/ variant: invariant, variance, variantly, variants/variate: bivariate, multivariate, variates/ variation: covariation, variations/ varied: unvaried, variedly, variedness/ vary: co-vary, variable, variant, variate, variation, varied, varies, varying / varying: unvarying, varyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If you look at H.I.V. sequences, there’s enormous variability between one strain and the next,” he said.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
And the virus, because of its variability, is an extremely resilient target.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Consider, for example, the variability in recent years of winter’s demand on that stockpile.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 变化性，易变，变化的倾向; 变率
分布：变异性(83%)，变化性(10%)，易变(7%)
变化性(vary变化)[-ability表名词"能…;性质"]
【记】vari＝vary（v 改变），ability－变化性
【参】variegated（adj 杂色的；多样化的）
ADJ-GRADED
多变的;易变的;反复无常的
Something that is variable changes quite often, and there usually seems to be no fixed pattern to these changes.
例：The potassium content of foodstuffs is very variable...食物中钾的含量差别很大。
例：There was a bit of a wind and it was blowing onshore, variable, but quite strong.有一阵风朝岸上吹来，风向变化不定，但风力很强。
N-COUNT
（质量、数量、规模等）可变因素
A variable is a factor that can change in quality, quantity, or size, which you have to take into account in a situation.
例：Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other variable...购买决定可能会基于价格、送货日期、售后服务以及其他可变因素。
例：Other variables in making forecasts for the industry include the weather and the general economic climate.对该产业进行预测时还要考虑天气和宏观经济环境等其他不确定因素。
N-COUNT
变量;变项;变元
A variable is a quantity that can have any one of a set of values.
例：It is conventional to place the independent variable on the right-hand side of an equation.普遍做法是把自变量放在等式的右边。
n. [生物] [数] 可变性，变化性；变异性
 - adaptability, modifiability

Word: veritable
Front: veritable
[ˈverɪtəbl] (宝 13248/14537 -1)
Vocabulary: veritable
(once / 1037 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something is veritable it is true, or at least feels that way. "The trees and lights turned the campus into a veritable wonderland" means that the campus seemed to be transformed into a true wonderland (if there is such a thing).
Veritable comes from the Latin veritas which means true. But unlike true, it does not describe things like statements. It is often used to enhance the word that follows it. "A veritable cornucopia of food" is a lot of food of different varieties. If someone calls you "a veritable force of nature," they don't mean that you are actually a hurricane; they just mean that you have the unstoppable quality of a big old storm.
WORD FAMILY
veritable: veritably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, Parsi surnames provide a veritable smorgasbord of edible associations.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Mr. Trump is drawing the talent from a veritable pantheon of business leaders.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
This year was filled to the brim with Netflix revivals, Marvel films, and veritable pop culture phenomena.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 名副其实的; 真正的
分布：真正的(74%)，真实的(22%)，确实的(4%)
【记】veri真正，table：名副其实的
【反】specious（adj 似是而非的）
US [-ə.tˌə-] adjective [before noun]
■used to describe something as another, more exciting, interesting or unusual thing, as a way of emphasizing its character 十足的，不折不扣的；名副其实的
• My garden had become a veritable jungle by the time I came back from holiday. 我渡假回来的时候，我的花园简直是杂草丛生。
• The normally sober menswear department is set to become a veritable kaleidoscope of colour this season. 色调通常都比较暗淡的男装部这一季将会成为名副其实的色彩万花筒。
adj. 真正的，名副其实的
 - genuine, authentic

Word: voodoo
Front: voodoo
[ˈvu:du:] (16649/25531)
Vocabulary: voodoo
(once / 9858 pages)
nv
Voodoo is a set of religious beliefs mainly followed by people in Caribbean countries and the Southern United States. People who practice voodoo believe that death is a transition from the visible to the invisible world.
You may see voodoo portrayed on TV and in movies as a scary, violent cult that uses black magic and voodoo dolls to torment people. In reality, voodoo is a varied, community-centered religion with deep African influences, which often incorporates Catholic saint imagery. Voodoo comes from the Louisiana French voudou, ultimately from a West African language.
WORD FAMILY
voodoo: voodooed, voodooing, voodooism, voodoos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Austra’s Utopia and Voodoo in My Blood by Massive Attack featuring Young Fathers were two videos that presented technology as an ominous enemy.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
San Diego State University says a former graduate student, Mark Dodero, discovered the plant - supposedly while listening to Hendrix’s song “Voodoo Child.”
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
San Diego State University says a former graduate student, Mark Dodero, discovered the plant — supposedly while listening to Hendrix’s song “Voodoo Child.”
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指西印度群岛等地的）伏都教，巫术
vt. 施巫术以迷惑
时态：voodooed, voodooing, voodoos
分布：伏都教的(55%)，伏都教徒(30%)，施魔法于(15%)
→来自非洲土著语，神灵，魔鬼。
noun uncountable
■a type of religion involving magic and the worship of spirits (= people who cannot be seen) , especially common in Haiti 巫毒教（信仰魔法与鬼魂，尤流行于海地）
■informal
■bad luck 霉运；坏运气
• They felt as if there was some sort of voodoo on the band, because everything just went wrong. 他们觉得那条绳子上肯定有甚么邪气，因为每件事情都不对劲儿。

Word: wardrobe
Front: wardrobe
[ˈwɔ:drəʊb] (研六雅宝 7918/5424 -2)
Vocabulary: wardrobe
(once / 976 pages)
n
All of the clothes in your closet make up your wardrobe. If you're tired of your wardrobe, it just might be time to go shopping.
From the words warder, meaning “to protect”, and robe, meaning a “piece of clothing,” wardrobe originally meant an entire room where a person's clothing was stored. Nowadays, most people don’t have an entire room for their clothes, so the word wardrobe has downsized to just a large cabinet, or the clothing itself. A wardrobe can also be the costumes (or the costume department) of a theater company or movie.
WORD FAMILY
wardrobe: wardrobes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon, Macintosh’s fabric became a staple in the wardrobe of every denizen of a soggy environment.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
The most helpful thing for me was a wardrobe assistant who’d lost a child and was kind enough to share her journey with me.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Growing up, Reynolds was a natural mimic, often performing for classmates to compensate for the embarrassment she felt over her spare wardrobe.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 衣柜，衣橱; 藏衣室; （个人，戏团的）全部服装; 行头
分布：全部服装(100%)
→ward,看管，保护，robe,衣服。引申词义衣柜。
n.衣柜,衣厨;衣服;行头;剧装She has a large wardrobe.她有个大衣柜.
【记】ward（n 病房），robe（n 长袍）：病人放长袍的地方－衣橱
【区】warehouse（n 仓库）
US ['wɔ:r.droʊb] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes, or all of the clothes that a person owns 衣橱，衣柜；（某人的）全部衣服
• She was showing me her new built-in / UKfitted wardrobes. 她正在带我看她新做的嵌入式衣柜。
• I sometimes feel that my summer wardrobe is rather lacking (= I don't have many clothes for summer). 有时候我觉得自己夏天的衣服真是太少了。
uncountable
■a department in a theatre, film company, etc. that is in charge of the clothes that the actors wear on stage, making certain that they are clean, repairing them and sometimes making them （剧院等的）服装保管部，戏服部
• He's in charge of wardrobe at the local amateur theatre. 他是当地业余剧院戏服部的负责人。
n. 衣柜；行头；全部戏装
 - bureau, chest of drawers

Word: ablaze
Front: ablaze
[əˈbleɪz] (托 16903/15022 -1)
Vocabulary: ablaze
(once / 2930 pages)
adj
Use the adjective ablaze to describe something that's on fire. Once your campfire is ablaze, you can toast marshmallows over it.
If there's a terrible fire in your town, it might set many houses ablaze, and some people dispose of fallen leaves and branches by setting them ablaze in the yard. The word dates from the 14th century, and it combines the prefix a-, which here means "on," and blaze, or "flame," from the Old English blæse, "torch, flame, firebrand, or lamp."
WORD FAMILY
ablaze
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last year, a “drunken man” set it ablaze, according to the Local.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Mandatory evacuations are under way in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, after wildfires set many houses and a hotel ablaze.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
The wildfire set 30 buildings ablaze and forced the evacuation of downtown Gatlinburg and the surrounding area.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 着火的; 发光的; 闪耀的
adv. 着火; 闪耀
分布：闪耀的(49%)，着火的(34%)，激昂的(17%)
→来自古英语on blaze. blaze, 燃烧。
adjective [after verb]
■burning very strongly 猛烈燃烧的；烈火熊熊的
• The house was ablaze, and the flames and smoke could be seen for miles around. 房子燃起了熊熊大火，方圆几英里都能看到烈焰和浓烟。
■brightly lit or brightly coloured 闪耀的；发光的；明亮的；色彩鲜艳的
• The ballroom was ablaze with lights. 舞厅里灯火辉煌。
• The field was ablaze with poppies and wild flowers. 田野里开满了罂粟和野花，五彩缤纷。
■full of energy, interest or emotion 热烈的；兴致勃勃的；充满激情的
• Her eyes were ablaze with excitement. 她激动得两眼闪放光芒。
adj. 着火的；闪耀的；激昂的
 - brilliant, heated
adv. 着火；闪耀
 - on fire

Word: archetypal
Front: archetypal
[ˌɑ:kiˈtaɪpl] (15612/14536)
Vocabulary: archetypal
(once / 17230 pages)
adj
An archetypal thing represents an original type after which other, similar things are patterned. With her green skin, black garb, and evil ways, the Wicked Witch of the West is an archetypal villain.
The main characters in Romeo and Juliet are the archetypal "star-crossed lovers" — we often think of them first, and use them as examples. Similarly, Superman, with his chiseled looks, herculean strength, and good conscience, is an archetypal superhero. (Contrast him with Wolverine, whose retracting claws, violent outbursts, and brooding make him an archetypal "anti-hero.")
WORD FAMILY
archetypal: archetypally+/ archetype: archetypal, archetypes, archetypical/archetypical: archetypically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, Mr. Rose knocks the dust off some archetypal premodern French dishes.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Mr McCluskey is not the archetypal trade unionist, at least not in appearance, but his friends say his politics are definitely hard-left.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
Scarves are an archetypal holiday gift, but they need a twist.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 原型的
分布：典型的(66%)，原型的(34%)
ADJ-GRADED
典型的;有代表性的
Someone or something that is archetypal has all the most important characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing and is a perfect example of it.
例：Cricket is the archetypal English game.板球是典型的英格兰运动。
adj. [生物] 原型的
 - prototypal

Word: aquarium
Front: aquarium
[əˈkweəriəm] (托雅 10321/5913 -1)
Vocabulary: aquarium
(once / 4693 pages)
n
Aquarium can either describe a small tank, or an entire building that houses fish and other aquatic life. Your goldfish will probably feel right at home in the aquarium that's sitting on your desk, but a whale would be better off in a big aquarium where people buy tickets to see marine life.
An aquarium can be small enough to fit in the average house, or big enough to house whales and accommodate millions of tourists each year. If you're talking about more than one of those tanks filled with fish and other marine life, you could say aquariums, but aquaria, from the original Latin term, is also an acceptable plural.
WORD FAMILY
aquarium: aquaria, aquariums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sakari was part of a three-bear transfer recommended by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in its continuing efforts to preserve the species.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There’s the aquarium Fishtival, the Great Wheel, and of course, the ferries.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Swimmers at one Chinese aquarium are learning how to be mermaids.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 水族馆; 水族槽，养鱼缸; 玻璃鱼池
分布：水族馆(97%)，养鱼缸(3%)
→来自词根aqua, 水。
水族馆(apu水)[-arium表名词"地点,场所"]
US [-'kwer.i-] (plural aquariums or aquaria)
noun countable
■a glass container in which fish and other water animals can be kept 养鱼缸；水族玻璃槽；水族箱
■a building, usually open to the public, which holds many aquariums （通常指对公众开放的）水族馆
n. 水族馆；养鱼池；玻璃缸
 - aguariums

Word: badlands
Front: badlands
[ˈbædlændz] (23351/-)
Vocabulary: badlands
(once / 108435 pages)
n
Badlands are a type of dry land where very few plants grow. Badlands can be found in South Dakota and Montana, among other places.
The terrain known as badlands are often starkly beautiful, barren of vegetation but marked by layers of clay soil and patterned by the erosion of the wind. There are badlands in several different countries, including Canada, Mexico, and New Zealand, but some of the best known are in Badlands National Park in South Dakota. The word badlands is a direct translation of the French term mauvaises terres.
WORD FAMILY
badlands
USAGE EXAMPLES
In late October 2009, the battalion landed in Afghanistan and quickly moved into the rural badlands.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Here, in the badlands of rural Para, the challenges to those commitments are all too clear.
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
Golden cliffs and dark badlands dominate the desert wilderness, where the Owyhee River flows north to the Snake River.
Seattle Times(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指北美的）荒原，岩石嶙峋之地
分布：荒地(100%)
plural noun
■a dry area without plants and with large rocks that the weather has worn into strange shapes, especially the area like this in Dakota and Nebraska in the US （尤指美国达科他州及内布拉斯加州一带的）荒原，崎岖之地
n. 荒地；崎岖不毛的地区
 - waste, wilderness

Word: almond
Front: almond
[ˈɑ:mənd] (宝 7510/9172 -1)
Vocabulary: almond
(once / 1256 pages)
n
An almond is an oval-shaped nut that grows inside a hard shell. Almonds grow on almond trees.
Almonds are native to Mediterranean climates, particularly South Asia and the Middle East, and have spread to parts of North Africa, Southern Europe, and California. Almond trees flower in the spring, before the nuts are ready to harvest. While wild almonds are poisonous, the nut of the domesticated, sweet almond is delicious. We know the word almond comes from the Greek amygdalos, or "almond tree," but its origin beyond that is uncertain.
WORD FAMILY
almond: almonds
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
His friends say his only snack at night is seven lightly salted almonds.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
I find myself revisiting Almond on 22nd street for this exact purpose.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 杏树; 杏仁色; 杏仁状的东西; 扁桃仁
adj. 杏仁制的; 杏仁味的; 杏仁状（或色）的
分布：杏仁(93%)，扁桃(7%)
→来自拉丁词amygdala.
【区】alimony（n 赡养费）记：I like money!
US ['ɑ:l-] noun countable
■an oval nut with a hard shell which can be eaten, or the tree that it grows on 杏仁；扁桃树
• ground/toasted almonds 杏仁粉／烤杏仁
n. [食品] 杏仁，杏树；杏仁状的东西
 - apricot kernel, apricot tree

Word: bambino

Word: baleful
Front: baleful
[ˈbeɪlfl] (宝 26489/21945)
Vocabulary: baleful
(once / 3466 pages)
adj
Baleful means the foreshadowing of tragic or evil events. If no one's listening in class and your teacher reprimands you with a baleful glance, expect a pop quiz.
If your car breaks down and you take refuge in a deserted mansion, you might huddle under a dusty blanket and find yourself thinking that the wind moaning at the windows sounds baleful — maybe it's really the voice of a young woman murdered in the very bed where you sleep?
WORD FAMILY
baleful: balefulest, balefully, balefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
And their baleful glare has fallen upon the internet generally and social media in particular.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
It was in that conversation that Trump unfurled a baleful threat: “Oh, I almost unleashed my beautiful Twitter account against you, and I still may.”
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Harvey examined the animal; the foggy eyes did give him a baleful look.
Washington Post(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 凶恶的，有害的，险恶的
adv. 凶恶地，有害地
分布：有害的(65%)，恶意的(35%)
→bale, 伤害，词源可能同kill. -ful, 形容词后缀。
【记】我终于查清了，那个大包裹bale是后勤部长扔的，里边都是废纸，它报复我，它太邪恶了。
【反】beneficent（adj 仁慈的）；salubrious（adj 有益健康的）
['beɪl.fəl] literary
adjective
■full of evil intentions; threatening 恶毒的；威胁的
• He gave me a baleful look. 他恶毒地瞪了我一眼。
• his baleful influence 他的凶恶势力
adj. 恶意的；有害的
 - harmful, evil, malicious, vicious

Word: biggish
Front: biggish
['bɪɡɪʃ] (-/34328)
Back: adj. 相当大的，比较大的，不小的
分布：较大的(71%)，颇大的(29%)
adj. 较大的；颇大的
 - greater, largeish

Word: desist
Front: desist
[dɪˈzɪst] (21651/19558)
Vocabulary: desist
(once / 1507 pages)
v
You can use the verb desist as a way to say "stop" or "cease." Instead of yelling "Cut it out!" the new neighbor asked the tween girls to desist from playing any more loud, screeching music from that long-haired boy-band.
If you want to insist that someone stop doing something, the word desist is a solid choice. It's often used as part of a legal order called a "cease and desist," which forces an action to come to a halt. "Cease" is a synonym for desist, so using the two together says "stop it!" loud and clear — and kind of redundantly. "If she will desist from camping on the lawn in front of the star's Hollywood home, she won’t be arrested."
WORD FAMILY
desist: desisted, desisting, desists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officers also issued a "cease and desist" notice on 3 December to a 38-year-old man from Fife, Scotland.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
“I hope the court tells them to cease and desist and start doing their jobs.”
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
And it has desisted from asking questions about the links between these groups and those who continue to hit targets in Pakistan.
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 停止
时态：desisted, desisting, desists
分布：停止(81%)，打消念头(7%)，中止(4%)，克制(4%)，忍住(4%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-sist, 站立，词源同stand, assist. 即站下来，不再坚持，停止。
停止(de加强+sist→站着不动→停止)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
【记】insist（v 坚持；强调）的反义词
[dɪ'sɪst] formal
verb intransitive
■to stop doing something, especially something that someone else does not want you to do （尤指他人不希望发生的事）停止，中止
• The soldiers have been ordered to desist from firing their guns. 士兵们已接到命令停止射击。
• The high winds are expected to desist tomorrow. 大风预计将于明天停止。
vi. 停止；断念
 - come to a stop, to stop

Word: communicator
Front: communicator
[kəˈmju:nɪkeɪtə(r)] (13468/13026)
Back: n. 交流者，发报机，列车内通报器
分布：传播者(85%)，传播工作者(15%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who is able to tell people about their ideas and emotions in a way that other people understand 交际者，交流者，沟通者
• Obviously teachers have to be good communicators. 显然，老师必须善于沟通。
n. 传播者；发报机；通信员
 - conveyor, disseminator

Word: chronological
Front: chronological
[ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (托雅 13403/12001 -1)
Vocabulary: chronological
(once / 2542 pages)
adj
If you’re making a list of all your teachers in the order you had them, from kindergarten right up to the present, you’re listing them in chronological order. Chronological is the order in which things actually happened.
Chronological doesn’t allow for time traveling or flashbacks. If you’re making a documentary of events leading up to World War II and you start in the early 1900s and end at the outbreak of the war, in 1939, that’s chronological. Reverse chronological order means giving the most recent event first, and going backwards from there. Chronological includes the useful Greek root khronos, "time."
WORD FAMILY
chronological: chronologically+/chronologize: chronologizing/ chronology: chronological, chronologies, chronologise, chronologize
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's an interesting format, working back from the PGA Championship to the Masters in chronological order.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
“This is a population that appears much older than its chronological age,” Armstrong said.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Bilott spent the next few months on the floor of his office, poring over the documents and arranging them in chronological order.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 按时间的前后顺序排列的; 编年的
分布：按时间顺序的(100%)
【记】chron时间，logical逻辑的－时间上有逻辑顺序
【参】chronicle（n 编年史）；chronometer（n 精密计时器）
ADJ
按时间顺序的;按先后次序的
If things are described or shown in chronological order, they are described or shown in the order in which they happened.
例：I have arranged these stories in chronological order.我把这些报道按时间顺序整理好了。
ADJ
(年龄)自然的，实龄的(与心理年龄或身心发展程度相对)
If you refer to someone's chronological age, you are referring to the number of years they have lived, in contrast to their mental age or the stage they have reached in their physical or emotional development.

Word: cooker
Front: cooker
[ˈkʊkə(r)] (中高 13730/7276 -K1)
Back: n. 炊具; 锅; 炉灶; 造谣者
分布：炉具(82%)，烹饪用的水果(18%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED mainly UK (US stove)
■a large box-shaped device which is used to cook and heat food either by putting the food inside or by putting it on the top 厨灶，炉具
• a gas/electric cooker 煤气炉／电炉
UK informal * a cooking apple
cook, cooker
cook: 厨师,
cooker: 厨具 He is a good cook.
n. 炊具；烹饪用水果；窜改者
 - kitchen utensil, interpolator

Word: distillery
Front: distillery
[dɪˈstɪləri] (23043/16810 -1)
Back: n. 蒸馏间; 酿酒厂
分布：酿酒厂(67%)，蒸馏室(33%)
→来自distill, 蒸馏，酿酒。
US [-ɚ.i] noun countable
■a factory where strong alcoholic drinks are produced by the process of distilling 烈酒生产厂，烈酒酿酒厂
• a whisky distillery 威士忌酒厂
n. 酿酒厂；蒸馏室
 - still, winery

Word: doctrinaire
Front: doctrinaire
[ˌdɒktrɪˈneə(r)] (宝 25842/24370)
Vocabulary: doctrinaire
(once / 9594 pages)
nadj
You've doubtless met someone doctrinaire at some point. You know them by their complete unwillingness to accept any belief other than their own.
If you're familiar with the noun "doctrine" — a formal idea or system of belief — you'll have no problem with the adjective doctrinaire. It's a just a way of describing a person or group of people who are set in their ways. The Pope and his cardinals are unfailingly doctrinaire: they won't allow any ideas beyond those they've already approved. Parents can start out doctrinaire, but children soon force them to be flexible in how they bring them up.
WORD FAMILY
doctrinaire: doctrinairely, doctrinaires
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under the influence of doctrinaire realists, Obama concluded that the Arab world was not ready for democracy; it needed “strongmen”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
“This guy is not doctrinaire or antithetical to the continued existence of his agency,” Ruch says.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Anyway, Mr Campbell’s populism overlaps with the president-elect’s more than does his opponent’s doctrinaire conservatism.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 教条（主义）的
分布：教条主义者(37%)，空谈理论的(36%)，教条主义的(27%)
→来自doctrine, 教义，学说，词义贬义化。
空谈家a.教条的(doctrine+aire人→教条之人)[doc,doct=toteach,表示"教"]
教条者,空论家(doctrine教条)[-aire表名词]
【记】doctrine（n 教条）
US [ˌdɑ:k.trə'ner] formal disapproving
adjective
■based on and applying fixed beliefs rather than considering practical problems 教条主义的；脱离实际的
• These principles are doctrinaire. 这些原则脱离了实际。
n. 教条主义者；空论家，纯理论家
 - dogmatist

Word: dint
Front: dint
[dɪnt] (26198/21195)
Vocabulary: dint
(once / 1815 pages)
n
The word dint is used to indicate that something came about through a particular force or means. So if you make a lot of money, that’s probably by dint of hard work.
Dint and dent sound an awful lot alike. The good news is that they are actually related. Dint comes from an Old English word meaning "a hit or strike," often with a sword, and dent later came about as a regional variation in pronunciation. By dint of time, however, dent has come to mean the banged-in place where something hit, and dint is only used in the expression "by dint of" to mean "through the means of."
WORD FAMILY
dint: dints
USAGE EXAMPLES
The summer is usually the warmest time of the year by dint of the fact that there’s more land in the northern hemisphere.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
To those unfamiliar with Winterson’s life story, be prepared for the dint of her personality.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Theirs is an egoless egotism that, by dint of the generosity with which it is offered up, yields audiences the promise of transcended, liberated self.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 凹痕; 凹坑; 作为（做）…的结果; 凭借…
时态：dinted, dinting, dints
分布：凹痕(54%)，力量(33%)，打出凹痕(13%)
→拟声词，敲，击打，引申义凭借（武力）。
noun
BECAUSE OF 因为
by dint of sth formal
■as a result of something 由于，凭借
• She got what she wanted by dint of pleading and threatening. 她软硬兼施终于达到了目的。
[dɪnt] noun
MARK 痕迹
countable
■a small hollow mark in the surface of something, caused by pressure or by being hit （因受压力或撞击留下的）凹陷，坑
n. 凹痕
 - identation, bugholes

Word: eighteen
Front: eighteen
[ˌeɪˈti:n] (中高研四 5480/2690 -5)
Back: num. 十八; 十八个
n. 十八岁; 十八的记号; 十九世纪; 是八点钟
分布：十八(100%)
num.十八,十八个He is eighteen years of age.他十八岁.
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 18 （数字）18
• seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 17， 18， 19
• an eighteen-storey building 一座十八层建筑物

Word: entwine
Front: entwine
[ɪnˈtwaɪn] (宝 16912/19862)
Vocabulary: entwine
(once / 3876 pages)
v
To entwine is to twist and tangle or weave together. When you hold hands with someone, you entwine your fingers together.
A long-haired girl can entwine flowers in her curls, and she might love it when her pet snake entwines around her arm. When you knit a scarf, you entwine different colors of yarn together. There is also a figurative way to entwine: "Ever since I met you, I knew that our lives would entwine together!" Entwine combines the prefix en-, "make," and twine, "twisted strands," from the Old English twin, "double thread."
WORD FAMILY
entwine: entwined, entwines, entwining+/ intertwine: intertwined, intertwines, intertwining/ twine: entwine, intertwine, twined, twiner, twines, twining, untwine/twiner: twiners/untwine: untwined, untwines, untwining
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s not so easy when the positives and negatives of technology are so deeply entwined.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“Even when we were on the rocks, I knew that we would be forever entwined in each other’s lives,” she adds.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
But the government's own financial fate, which is closely entwined with Sonangol, underscores the rough road ahead.
Reuters(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 缠绕，盘绕
时态：entwined, entwining, entwines
分布：纠缠(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。twine, 缠绕，词源同two.
纠缠(en使+twine→使编织到一起→纠缠)[tuine=twine,表示"编织"]
【记】twine（n 合股线v 使缠绕）
verb transitive often passive
■to twist something together or around something 缠绕；盘绕；使交错
• The picture captures the two lovers with their arms entwined. 这张照片拍摄到的是紧紧拥抱在一起的一对恋人。
vt. 缠住；盘绕；使缠绕
 - coil, obsess
vi. 缠住；盘绕
 - circumvolve

Word: dribble
Front: dribble
[ˈdrɪbl] (宝 11717/14877 -1)
Vocabulary: dribble
(once / 4195 pages)
1nv 2nv
A dribble is a slow, steady flow of water. Or, if you are a basketball player, you dribble the ball to make your way towards the basket.
Dribbling consists of tiny drops of water (or another liquid) dripping. If you've ever had a leaky faucet going drip-drip-drip-drip, then you know exactly what dribbling is like, and how annoying it can be. Dribbling in basketball isn't annoying at all; in fact, it's an essential skill. If you think about it, the repeated tap-tap-tap of the ball sounds a bit like the drip-drip-drip of the water dribbling.
WORD FAMILY
dribble: dribbled, dribbler, dribbles, dribbling+/dribbler: dribblers/dribbling: dribblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stanford: The Cardinal is struggling to defend the perimeter and the dribble drive.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Sun Devils dribbled down the clock and Reili Richardson’s layup rolled off before the buzzer.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The extra height of the lid accommodates whipped cream or cappuccino foam, and its inner ring reduces “dribble at the rim,” the company’s website says.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 点滴留下
vt. & vi. （使液体）滴下或作细流; 运球，带球
n. 口水; 涓滴，细滴; 运球; 少量（液体）
时态：dribbled, dribbling, dribbles
分布：运球(60%)，流口水(16%)，少量(12%)，细流(8%)，使 ... 慢慢流下(4%)
→词源同drip, 滴。-le,表反复。
【记】drip（n 水滴v 使滴下）
【区】scribble（v /n 乱涂乱写）
verb intransitive or transitive
FLOW SLOWLY 缓慢流动
■to (cause a liquid to) flow very slowly in small amounts （使）滴下，（使）慢慢流淌
• The water was barely dribbling out of the tap. 水好不容易地从水龙头里缓慢滴下。
• Dribble the remaining olive oil over the tomatoes. 把剩下的橄榄油淋在番茄上。
['drɪb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
FROM MOUTH 从口中
■to have liquid slowly coming out of your mouth （使）流口水，（使）垂涎
• Babies dribble constantly. 婴儿总是流口水。
['drɪb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
MOVE BALL 运球
■(in football or hockey) to move a ball along the ground with repeated small kicks or hits, or (in basketball) to move a ball by repeatedly hitting it against the floor with your hand （足球或曲棍球中）连续带（球）；（篮球中）连续运（球）
• He dribbled the ball to the edge of the pitch. 他把球带到了球场的边缘。
• His speed allows him to easily dribble past defenders. 他的速度快，能轻松带球越过防守队员。
['drɪb.l] noun
FROM MOUTH 从口
countable or uncountable
■liquid that comes out of your mouth 口水
• There was dribble all over her chin. 她的下巴上满是口水。
• a dribble of saliva 一滴唾液
['drɪb.l] noun
SLOW FLOW 缓慢流动
countable or uncountable
■a very slow flow of a liquid 慢慢流淌
• The flow of water was reduced to a dribble. 水流变成了涓涓细流。
['drɪb.l] noun
MOVE BALL 运球
countable
■in football, when a ball is moved along the ground with repeated kicks or, in basketball, when a ball is moved by repeatedly hitting it against the floor with your hand （足球或曲棍球中）连续带（球）；（篮球中）连续运（球）
• Brinkworth's attempted dribble through the Milan defence was stopped by Ponti's tackle. 布林克沃斯想带球越过米兰队的防线，却被庞蒂给截住了。
n. 运球；点滴
 - sprinkling
vt. 运球；使滴下
 - ball handling
vi. 流口水；滴下
 - run at the mouth, drip down

Word: efface
Front: efface
[ɪˈfeɪs] (托宝 24301/34951)
Vocabulary: efface
(once / 1189 pages)
v
If something is erased or rubbed out, it has been effaced. Teachers get annoyed to find that someone has effaced the blackboard — even the part clearly marked, "Do Not Erase!"
You can also efface things that are not physical — like effacing feelings, impressions, or memories. When you efface a memory, you wipe it out as well. Some people believe that their good deeds are able to efface their past wrongs. They'll have to rely on others' opinions to see how well that works.
WORD FAMILY
efface: effaceable, effaced, effacement, effaces, effacing+/effacement: effacements, self-effacement/effacing: self-effacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are countless expressive features of a Dickinson manuscript, all but a few of them effaced when her poems enter a standard print edition.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
My Republican mom’s “red” vote was also effaced by a sea of blue in California, according to the electoral college system.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
The bakers are self effacing and you end up wanting them all to win.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 擦掉; 抹去; 超越; 使黯然失色
时态：effaced, effacing, effaces
分布：抹去(44%)，擦掉(32%)，忘却(24%)
→ef-, 向外，同ex-. face, 脸，表面。
擦掉;消除(ef出+face→把脸上的东西弄出去→擦掉)[fac,fic=face,表示"脸,面"]
【记】ef去掉，face脸，表面－去掉表面－擦掉
【反】blazon（vt 装饰n 纹章）；etch（v 蚀刻）；emboss（vt 饰以浮饰）bring to preeminent（使卓越）；aggrandize（vt 增加；夸大）institute（n 学会vt 创立；开始）
verb
REMOVE 除去
transitive formal
■to remove something intentionally 抹去，擦掉，消除
• The whole country had tried to efface the memory of the old dictatorship. 整个国家都曾试图将那段独裁历史从记忆中抹去。
[ɪ'feɪs] verb
MODEST 谦虚的
efface yourself
[R]
■to behave in a modest way and treat the good things that you have achieved as if they were not important, often because you do not have much confidence 保持低调；使自己不被人注意；不露锋芒
⇒ See also self-effacing
vt. 抹去，抹掉；使自己不受人注意
 - erase from, sponge

Word: evader
Front: evader
[ɪ'veɪdə(r)] (36438/-)
Back: n. 逃避者，逃避物
分布：逃避者(78%)，逃避物(22%)
n. 逃避者
 - escapee

Word: executioner
Front: executioner
[ˌeksɪˈkju:ʃənə(r)] (16623/16384)
Vocabulary: executioner
(once / 1135 pages)
n
An executioner is a government official who kills people sentenced to death. Executioners kill legally.
There are many people who kill, such as murderers, soldiers, and hunters. Another is the executioner, whose job is to kill. If a king or legal system has decided that someone will be put to death, it's the executioner's job to kill them. Over time, executioners have used hanging, beheading, lethal injections, the electric chair, and many other ways of executing (killing). Without a doubt, being an executioner is one of the grimmest jobs in the world.
WORD FAMILY
executioner: executioners+/executable: executability/executant: executants/ execute: executable, executant, executed, executes, executing, execution, executive, executor / execution: executioner, executions/ executive: executively, executives/ executor: executors
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, he became something rarer still: an executioner who wanted to tell the world about his crimes.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
There were executioners to quiet those whom the Emperor proscribed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Under current protocol, executioners are not seen administering the drug.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 行刑者，死刑执行者
分布：刽子手(100%)
→来自execute,执行。词义用来指执行死刑。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to execute criminals 刽子手；行刑者
n. 刽子手，死刑执行人
 - slaughterman, deathsman

Word: finch
Front: finch
[fɪntʃ] (托 17186/13082 -1)
Back: n. （常构成复合词）雀科小鸟; 雀类
分布：雀类(100%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*finkiz,雀，来自sping，小鸟拟声词，模仿小鸟叫声。
【记】fin（n 鳍；鱼翅），ch吃：想吃鱼翅不大容易，不过可以用雀翅代替味道差不多！
【区】flinch（v 畏缩n 退缩）fly，inch向后飞一步。
noun countable
■any of various types of small singing bird with a short wide pointed beak 雀科鸣鸟
⇒ See also bullfinch;chaffinch

Word: fabulously
Front: fabulously
[ˈfæbjələsli] (21177/34320)
Back: adv. 难以置信地，惊人地
分布：难以置信地(50%)，惊人地(50%)
adverb
■extremely
• fabulously rich/wealthy 极富有
adv. 难以置信地；惊人地
 - incredibly, surprisingly

Word: frontal
Front: frontal
[ˈfrʌntl] (10785/14575 -1)
Back: adj. 前面的; 正面的; 前额
n. 遮挡祭坛前的帷幕; 建筑物的正面
分布：正面的(37%)，额的(22%)，前的(15%)，额饰(9%)，祭坛前面的罩巾(9%)，三角门楣(4%)，建筑物的正面(4%)
US [-tˌəl] adjective [before noun] formal or specialized
■relating to the front of something 前面的；前部的
• the frontal lobes/regions of the brain 大脑前叶／的前部区域
⇒ See also full-frontal
frontal assault/attack
■very strong criticism of someone or something 严厉的批评；直截了当的批评
• a frontal attack on the politician 对这个从政者直截了当的批评
adj. 额的； [气象] 正面的，前面的
 - anterior, full-face

Word: flattery
Front: flattery
[ˈflætəri] (18850/15343)
Vocabulary: flattery
(once / 886 pages)
n
Flattery is excessive praise. If you're hoping to borrow your brother's car, be careful not to overdo it when you compliment his haircut, new shoes, and singing voice — he knows flattery when he sees it.
As opposed to real praise, flattery is insincere and almost always has an ulterior motive. The Old English root word of flatter is flater, which originally meant "to stroke with the hand or caress." When you stroke someone's ego to get what you want, you're using flattery. If the person you are wildly complimenting tells you that flattery will get you nowhere, you know it's time to back off.
WORD FAMILY
flattery: flatteries+/ flatter: flattered, flatterer, flattering, flatters, flattery /flatterer: flatterers/ flattering: flatteringest, flatteringly, unflattering / unflattering: unflatteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Healy’s gift for flattery was rewarded with commissions to paint four additional presidents, the last of them Abraham Lincoln.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He inquired further throughout the interview, and while he was amiable about it, this wasn’t flattery or deflection.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Air kisses, flattery, and deference are part of doing business in Hollywood.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 奉承（话）; 阿谀奉承会/不会使你如愿以偿
分布：阿谀(54%)，谄媚(43%)，巴结(3%)
【反】aspersions（n 诽谤的话；中伤的话）；invective（n 恶言漫骂）
US ['flætˌ-] noun uncountable
■when you praise someone, often because you want something from them 奉承，讨好，恭维
• I was really pleased when he said how well I'd done, because he isn't known for flattery. 他说我做得很好的时候，我真的很高兴，因为他不是那种好恭维人的人。
UK ['flæt.ər.i] US ['flætˌ-] noun uncountable
Flattery will get you nowhere. humorous saying
■used to tell someone that their praise will not persuade you to do anything you do not want to do 奉承是不会有用的（表示不会被说服）。
n. 奉承；谄媚；恭维话
 - court, adulation

Word: flake
Front: flake
[fleɪk] (六托雅 7753/10159 -1)
Vocabulary: flake
(once / 1280 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A flake is a tiny piece of something. A flake could be a tasty morsel like a croissant flake, or a not so tasty morsel — like a dandruff flake. Ewww.
In some places, you can see flakes of mica, a shiny glimmering mineral, lining the banks of a pond or paths through the woods. There are also croissant flakes, dandruff flakes, and of course snow flakes, individual snow crystals. When something flakes, it comes off in tiny flecks: "The paint had started to flake off the kitchen wall." If someone calls you a flake, they basically mean you're a weirdo.
WORD FAMILY
flake: flaked, flakes, flakey, flaking, flaky +/flakey: flakiness/ flaky: flakier, flakiest, flakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the evening, still more flakes flew in Washington.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Sweat the onion, minced garlic, red pepper flakes and paprika for 3 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In a small saucepan, combine the vinegar, soy sauce, sugar and chile flakes and bring to a boil over high heat, stirring once or twice.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 小薄片，（尤指）碎片; 火星，火花; 晒鱼架，食品搁架; 昏过去，不省人事
vi. （成小薄片）脱落，剥落
vt. 把（鱼、食物等）切成薄片
时态：flaked, flaking, flakes
分布：薄片(41%)，剥落(34%)，火花(18%)，小片(7%)
→词源不确定。可能来自pele, 平的，词源同flat, plan. 用来指小薄片，碎片。
noun countable
SMALL PIECE 小片
■a small thin piece of something, especially if it has come from a surface covered with a layer of something 小薄片；（尤指）碎片
• flakes of snow 雪花
• soap flakes 肥皂片
• This room needs decorating - flakes of paint keep coming off the walls. 这个房间需要装修——墙上的油漆不断地一片片地往下掉。
[fleɪk] noun countable
PERSON 人 mainly US informal
■a person who you cannot trust to remember things or to do what they say they will do, or someone who behaves in a strange way 健忘的人；古怪的人，奇特的人
[fleɪk] verb intransitive
■to come off a surface in small thin pieces 成片地剥落、脱落
• Patches of skin are starting to flake off. 片片皮屑开始脱落。
[fleɪk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flake out informal
■to suddenly go to sleep or feel weak because you are extremely tired 突然睡着；（因疲倦而）倒下
• I got home and flaked out on the sofa. 我一进家门便瘫倒在沙发上。
vi. 剥落；成片状剥落
 - chip, shell
n. 小薄片；火花
 - spark, A FRAME

Word: glen
Front: glen
[glen] (20449/6618)
Vocabulary: glen
(once / 583 pages)
n
A glen is a narrow valley deep in the mountains. Glens often form streams.
The top of a mountain is the peak, and the lower parts are valleys. A glen is a valley that's narrow and secluded—it’s deep in the mountains. A glen could form a stream, or it could be lush and green. If you are on top of a mountain looking down, you may see several glens.
WORD FAMILY
glen: glens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just like the old Glen Miller classic, the player looks upbeat and he gets you on your feet.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Early Friday morning, the White House officials continued to insist that the Glen Cove mansion was the one being closed.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In retaliation, the Glen Cove City Council withdrew Russian access to free beach parking and discounted tennis permits.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 峡谷，幽谷
分布：峡谷(88%)，溪谷(12%)
→来自苏格兰语。
noun countable
■a deep narrow valley, especially among mountains （尤指群山中的）峡谷，幽谷
• the glens of Scotland 苏格兰的幽谷
• Glen Maye 湄野谷
n. 峡谷；幽谷
 - canyon, coomb

Word: gutter
Front: gutter
[ˈgʌtə(r)] (六宝 10884/7703 -1)
Back: n. （路边）排水沟; （屋顶的）天沟; 贫民窟
vt. 形成沟或槽于…; 为…装檐槽
vi. 在沟槽或小溪中流淌; 淌蜡; （烛火）风中摇晃
时态：guttered, guttering, gutters
分布：排水沟(41%)，槽(34%)，贫民区(13%)，形成沟(6%)，淌蜡(3%)，开沟于(3%)
→来自拉丁语gutta, 水滴，滴流，词源同gout. 原指马路下水道，后也指檐沟。
【记】gut（n 肠子：引申为沟），ter－街沟；檐槽
US ['gʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
CHANNEL 沟
countable
■the edge of a road where rain flows away （道路边的）排水沟，街沟
countable
■an open pipe at the lower edge of a roof which collects and carries away rain （屋檐的）雨水槽，檐槽，天沟
UK ['gʌt.ər] US ['gʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
SOCIAL LEVEL 社会层面
the gutter only singular
■the lowest level, especially of society （尤指社会的）最低层，贫民窟
• Born to a poverty-stricken family, she dragged herself out of the gutter to become one of the wealthiest people in Britain today. 她出生在一个极度贫困的家庭，但是她从社会最低层奋力挣扎出来，成为现今英国最富有的人之一。
UK ['gʌt.ər] US ['gʌtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive literary
■(of a flame or candle) to burn unevenly and weakly, especially before completely stopping burning （火焰或蜡烛，尤指在熄灭前）忽明忽暗，摇曳不定
• a guttering candle 摇曳不定的烛光
n. [建] 排水沟；槽；贫民区
 - drainage ditch, barrel-drain
vi. 流；形成沟
 - stream
vt. 开沟于…；弄熄
 - douse
adj. 贫贱的；粗俗的；耸人听闻的
 - low, coarse

Word: hostess
Front: hostess
[ˈhəʊstəs] (高研四六 10323/9940 -1)
Back: n. 女主人; （夜总会的）女招待; （电视或广播节目的）女主持人; （餐馆的）迎宾女招待
vt. 作东，请客
分布：女主人(87%)，空姐(10%)，女主持(3%)
→host,主人，-ess,表阴性。
n.女主人,女主持人The hostess brought us out a pot of steaming coffee.女主人给我们拿出一壶热气腾腾的咖啡.
US ['hoʊ.stɪs] noun countable
■a woman who has guests 女主人
■a woman who entertains customers, especially men, at a nightclub （夜总会的）女招待；舞女
n. 女主人，女老板；女服务员；舞女；女房东
 - goodwife, mistress

Word: immortality
Front: immortality
[ˌɪmɔ:ˈtæləti] (12858/15362)
Vocabulary: immortality
(once / 687 pages)
n
If you achieve immortality that means you’ll live forever. If you find a magic potion, maybe you can literally live forever. Otherwise you’ll have to gain immortality by doing something so great that people never forget you.
You may believe immortality can be achieved if you drink enough carrot juice, but so far humans haven’t figured out the secret to living forever. Instead, you’ll often hear immortality used to in relation to magnificent accomplishments. You may gain immortality by painting great works of art, like Michelangelo, or by being a great slugger, like Babe Ruth. The achievements live on, and the fame keeps your memory alive, forever! Or at least for a really long time.
WORD FAMILY
immortality: immortalities+/ immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
While cheese may be, as the legendary editor Clifton Fadiman called it, “milk’s leap toward immortality,” here it is death on a plate.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
To die with the sense of nothing left undone: it’s nothing less than the promise of immortality by other means.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Some scholars say the fermented tea was born around 220 B.C. in China, where it was sipped for detoxification and dubbed the “tea of immortality.”
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 不朽，不朽的声名
分布：不朽(62%)，永生(38%)
→来自immortal,不死的，永生的。
ADJ
不朽的；流芳百世的
Someone or something that is immortal is famous and likely to be remembered for a long time.
例：...the immortal Reverend Dr Spooner.不朽的斯普纳牧师
例：...Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's immortal love story...《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特不朽的爱情小说
ADJ
不死的;长生的
Someone or something that is immortal will live or last for ever and never die or be destroyed.
例：The pharaohs were considered gods and therefore immortal.法老们被视为神灵，且长生不死。
ADJ
(语句)著名的，不朽的
If you refer to someone's immortal words, you mean that what they said is well-known, and you are usually about to quote it.
例：...Roosevelt's immortal words, 'Speak softly and carry a big stick.'罗斯福的不朽名言——“说话温和,手持大棒”
例：I keep remembering Hannah Pakula's immortal line: 'Hollywood is no place for a woman over forty with a library card.'我一直谨记汉娜·帕库拉的名言：“好莱坞不是年过四十手拿图书证的女人呆的地方。”
n. 不朽；不朽的声名；不灭
 - eternity, perpetuation

Word: isolationism
Front: isolationism
[ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃənɪzəm] (20655/26274)
Vocabulary: isolationism
(once / 6341 pages)
n
A nation practicing isolationism stays out of relations with other countries and concentrates on its own business at home.
The United States tried to maintain a policy of isolationism — staying out of other countries’ politics — until World War I and even beyond. But World War II and the Cold War ended that. The world keeps shrinking, and governments find it difficult to practice isolationism. Nowadays, nations find they have to get involved in other countries' problems, sometimes to protect their own interests and sometimes for humanitarian reasons.
WORD FAMILY
isolationism: isolationist, isolationistic+/ isolate: isolable, isolated, isolates, isolating, isolation / isolated: isolatedly/ isolation: isolationism, isolations/isolationist: isolationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Germany sits before us as a case study in what one might call psychological isolationism.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Down that path lie protectionism, isolationism, more trade conflicts and threatened economic growth.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Fallon urged the Trump administration not to retreat into isolationism, one of the populist threads during his campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 孤立主义
分布：名词(100%)
[ˌaɪ.səl'eɪ.ʃən.ɪ.zəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■the political principle or practice of showing interest only in your own country and not being involved in international activities 孤立主义 Compare globalism

Word: interloper
Front: interloper
[ˈɪntələʊpə(r)] (宝 20193/22973)
Vocabulary: interloper
(once / 6185 pages)
n
If you intrude on people without their permission, you are an interloper. An interloper crashes parties and laughs at "No Trespassing" signs.
They figure the word interloper was formed by combining inter- ("between") with -loper (from landloper — meaning "vagabond or adventurer"). So, it only makes sense that an interloper is someone who has ventured or traveled where he was not welcome. The noun interloper may also refer to something other than a person: "The new chain superstore built at the edge of town and was an interloper among the various mom and pop grocery stores in the area."
WORD FAMILY
interloper: interlopers+/interlope: interloper, interloping
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the Anglesea Golf Club, many of the interlopers are Chinese.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
In this view, the U.S. is an interloper and would do best to retreat to Hawaii and let China handle the western Pacific.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
In March, she told the Washington Examiner that she considered him an “interloper” who “does not represent the Republican party”.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 闯入者; 干涉他人事务者
分布：闯入者(48%)，无执照营业者(26%)，干涉他人事务者(26%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-lop,跑，跳，词源同leap,elope.引申词义闯入者。
入侵者,干涉者(跑入二者之间)[lop=run(跑)]
【记】inter中间，lope（v 大步慢跑），r人－在别人中间跑来跑去的人－爱管闲事的人
【参】elope（vi 私奔）出去e就lope落魄
US [-tˌɚˌloʊ.pɚ] disapproving
noun countable
■someone who becomes involved in an activity or a social group without being asked, or enters a place without permission 闯入者
• Security did not prevent an interloper from getting onto the stage at the opening ceremony. 开幕式上保安人员没有阻止一名闯入者登上舞台。

Word: insanity
Front: insanity
[ɪnˈsænəti] (六托宝 9821/14784)
Vocabulary: insanity
(once / 998 pages)
n
Insanity is an ongoing state of extreme mental illness, which may cause abnormal or antisocial behaviors. If you bark at cats and meow at dogs, you might suffer from insanity.
The noun insanity originates from the Latin word insanitatem, meaning "unhealthfulness" relating to the mind. It is believed that master artist Vincent van Gogh, who cut off his ear and gave it to a prostitute, experienced periods of insanity. But this term can also refer to things people perceive as unconventional or foolish, like your neighbor who quit his job, sold all his belongings, and bought a boat to sail around the world.
WORD FAMILY
insanity: insanities+/ insane: insanely, insaneness, insaner, insanest, insanity / sane: insane, sanely, saneness, saner, sanest, sanity / sanity: sanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few years ago, Ms. Billingsley was reduced to what she, herself, considered an act of insanity.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“It just shouldn’t be rising at 30 percent a year. That’s where you cross the line into insanity.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And the US president elect predicted the "insanity" of the project would bankrupt Scotland, and destroy Mr Salmond's hopes for Scottish independence.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 疯狂; 精神失常; 精神病
分布：疯狂(49%)，精神错乱(46%)，荒唐(5%)
→来自insane,精神失常。
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■when someone is seriously mentally ill 精神错乱，精神失常
• He was found not guilty of murder by reason of insanity. 他因为精神失常而未被裁定犯有杀人罪。
• He suffered from periodic bouts of insanity. 他患有周期性精神失常。
■when something is not sensible and is likely to have extremely bad results 疯狂；失去理智
• It would be insanity to expand the business now. 现在扩大经营规模简直是疯了。
n. 疯狂；精神错乱； [内科] 精神病；愚顽
 - madness, flightiness

Word: logjam
Front: logjam
[ˈlɒgdʒæm] (宝 23748/45752)
Vocabulary: logjam
(once / 40757 pages)
n
A logjam is just what it sounds like: a bunch of logs all jammed together, blocking the flow of water in a river or stream. You can also call other kinds of blockages logjams — like a traffic logjam that develops due to rubbernecking drivers trying to check out a crash.
Logjams change the way water flows in a river, sometimes creating new channels and pools from the overflow of water. This can be good for spawning fish, but sometimes a logjam causes flooding and other problems. This has given rise to the figurative logjam, a problem that stops or blocks progress: "The disagreement caused a logjam in Congress until the President stepped in."
WORD FAMILY
logjam: logjams
USAGE EXAMPLES
During intense exertion, sickling causes a logjam of red blood cells in the blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow and explosive muscle breakdown.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Since Trump's victory, the number of people flocking north has surged, Central American officials say, contributing to a growing logjam along the southern U.S. border.
Reuters(Nov 24, 2016)
Downed trees have already created two logjams in the creek.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. （河面上）漂浮原木造成的阻塞; （因事情太多造成的）困境，僵局
分布：僵局(80%)，浮木阻塞(8%)，阻塞(8%)，妨碍(4%)
→log,原木，jam,堵塞。原指河道木头塞积，引申词义僵局。
【记】log木料，jam拥挤，原指河道内漂浮木料时的阻塞，引申为僵局。
US ['lɑ:g-] noun
countable usually singular
■a situation in which neither group involved in an argument can win or get an advantage and no action can be taken 僵局，困难局面
• This is the latest attempt to break the logjam in the peace process. 这是为了打破和平进程中的僵局而作出的最新努力。
countable
■a mass of floating logs that block a river 阻塞河道的木头，堵住水路的原木
n. 僵局；（河道等）受圆木阻塞；停滞状态；拥挤
 - impasse, congestion

Word: knotty
Front: knotty
[ˈnɒti] (宝 23275/21895)
Vocabulary: knotty
(once / 4464 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Whether it’s pine or problems, sometimes the word knotty can apply to both. Knotty can describe something that has a lot of knots, either literally or figuratively.
The adjective knotty is a way to describe something that’s covered in knots. It can be used in a literal sense to refer to wood that is covered in hard, irregular knots — you’ve probably seen these circular, knobby imperfections that sometime appear on wood. The word can also be used figuratively to describe something that is intricate and difficult to solve, such as a knotty political problem involving two warring nations or a knotty legal issue involving complicated constitutional issues.
WORD FAMILY
knotty: knottier, knottiest, knottily, knottiness+/ knot: knots, knotted, knotting, knotty, unknot/unknot: unknots, unknotted, unknotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
When his only customer turns to him with a particularly knotty problem, Arthur’s “Jim, these are not robot questions” reply is priceless.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“Richard II” was too knotty to comprehensibly distill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The centerpieces are piano concertos: two by Haydn and Ligeti’s uproarious, rhythmically knotty contribution to the genre.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. （指木材）多结节的; 多节瘤的; 困难的; 棘手的
级别：knottier, knottiest
分布：棘手的(61%)，多节的(12%)，复杂的(10%)，有结的(10%)，多瘤的(7%)
→来自knot,结。即多结的，引申词义复杂的。参照Gordian knot.
【记】源于：knot（n 结；v 打结）
【反】easy（adj 容易的）；simple（adj 简单的）
US ['nɑ:.tˌi] adjective
COMPLICATED 复杂的 informal
■(of a problem or difficulty) complicated and difficult to solve 错综复杂的；难于解决的，棘手的
• That's rather a knotty question. 那实在是一个棘手的问题。
UK ['nɒt.i] US ['nɑ:.tˌi] adjective
WOOD 木头
■with a lot of knots 多节的
• a knotty piece of wood 多节的木头
adj. 棘手的，难解决的； [木] 多节的；有结的
 - testing, intractable

Word: kemp

Word: jokingly
Front: jokingly
[ˈdʒəʊkɪŋli] (14605/20716)
Back: adv. 打趣地，开玩笑地
分布：开玩笑地(100%)
→来自joke,开玩笑，玩乐。
US ['dʒoʊ-] adverb
■in a way which is intended to be funny 打趣地，戏谑地
• She suggested half- jokingly that they should sell the family car and all buy bikes instead. 她半开玩笑地建议他们将家中的汽车卖掉，把钱都拿来买脚踏车。
adv. 开玩笑地；打趣地
 - playfully, in jest

Word: majestic
Front: majestic
[məˈdʒestɪk] (托雅宝 10534/11701 -1)
Vocabulary: majestic
(once / 564 pages)
adj
Majestic things display great dignity, befit a great ruler, or are simply far superior to everyday stuff. Compared with a peasant's hut, for instance, a king's palace is quite majestic.
The adjective majestic has origins in the Latin word majestatem, meaning "greatness, dignity, honor, or excellence." It's often used to describe things connected with kings and queens (whom, you'll remember, we often address as "Your Majesty"). We also like to refer to the great creatures and places of the natural world as majestic: Mt. Fuji in Japan for example, or a bald eagle flying over the Grand Canyon.
WORD FAMILY
majestic: majestically+/ majesty: majestic, majesties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Months later, this coastal Georgia city hopes to see wood from the majestic oak preserved as works of art.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“We are from Congo,” explains Luc Hillegeon, 31, as he, his wife and infant son navigate the muddy path beneath the majestic ceiba trees.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When people experience awe—looking up at a majestic sequoia, for example—they become more altruistic and cooperative.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 宏伟的; 壮丽的; 庄重的; 磅礴
分布：宏伟的(62%)，壮丽的(32%)，高贵的(6%)
→来自majesty,雄伟，壮观，-ic,形容词后缀。
雄伟的,壮丽的(maj+estic表形容词,如：a-grestic农村的)[maj=great,表示"大,伟大"]
雄伟,壮丽(majestic的名词)[maj=great,表示"大,伟大"]
adjective
■beautiful, powerful or causing great admiration and respect 雄伟的；壮丽的；威严的
• The majestic Montana scenery will leave you breathless. 蒙大拿州的壮丽景色会令你屏息凝神。
magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid, noble
这组词都有“宏伟壮丽的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 指环境、建筑物等本身的壮丽、堂皇、庄严、崇高或出色等。
grand: 侧重规模大，豪华而宏伟壮丽、盛大。也可指人的崇高、伟大。
majestic: 侧重状态、外表、仪态等给人以威严感。
splendid: 指人在行为、品德或性格等方面的卓越超群；指物侧重外观上的辉煌。用于口语中，作“极好的，绝妙的”解。
noble: 指因本身著名或从外表上看有令人难忘的华丽、庄严、卓越、雄壮或崇高。
adj. 庄严的；宏伟的
 - grand, magnificent, solemn, sacred, noble

Word: motel
Front: motel
[məʊˈtel] (研四六雅 5251/16260 -1)
Vocabulary: motel
(once / 5402 pages)
n
A motel is a place you can stay overnight, with plenty of parking and easy access to a highway. Many motels feature rooms with separate entrances that face a large parking lot.
A motel is very much like a hotel — it fact, motels were originally "motor hotels." The first official motel was built in 1925, designed to be an easy, cheap stop on a long car trip. While hotels are often in the middle of cities, motels are usually on a city's outskirts, providing space to park and a quick walk from car to room. The popularity of motels increased through the twentieth century, along with the development of the modern highway system.
WORD FAMILY
motel: motels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tuseth’s car was found in downtown Mankato, miles from the motel.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For it was here, at the preserved Lorraine Motel, that Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed by James Earl Ray April 4, 1968.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It may mean living in a place not ordinarily used for regular sleeping accommodations, like a vehicle, park, hotel or motel, or campground.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 汽车旅馆
分布：汽车旅馆(100%)
→来自motor和hotel的合成词。
n.(附有停车场的)汽车旅馆There was no vacancy in the motel.那家汽车旅馆里没有空房.
US [moʊ-] noun countable (US also motor inn/lodge)
■a hotel by the side of a road, usually with spaces for cars next to each room 汽车旅馆
motel, inn, hotel
这组词都有“旅馆，客店”的意思，其区别是：
motel: 系motor hotel的混合缩写词，指美国开设于公路旁，专供驾驶汽车的旅客往宿和有停车场的旅店。
inn: 多指开设于乡间、路边，设备简陋的小旅店。
hotel: 指开设于城镇，有一定设备，可提供食宿的旅馆。

Word: mothball
Front: mothball
[ˈmɒθbɔ:l] (39884/34304)
Back: n. 卫生球，樟脑球
vt. 封存
adj. 后备的
时态：mothballed, mothballing, mothballs
分布：封存、暂停使用（仪器(50%)，计划等）(50%)
→比喻用法。
US ['mɑ:θ.bɑ:l] noun
■a small white ball containing a chemical with a strong smell that keeps moths away from clothes 樟脑丸（一种白色小球，含有一种气味强烈的化学成分，可防止飞蛾接近衣物）
UK ['mɒθ.bɔ:l] US ['mɑ:θ.bɑ:l] verb transitive
■to stop work on an idea, plan or job, but leaving it in such a way that you can start on it again at some point in the future 封存，保藏；把…束之高阁
• Six coal pits were mothballed in the hope that they could be reopened in a time of better economic conditions. 六个煤矿暂被封闭，希望在经济形势转好的时候可以重开。
n. 樟脑丸， [轻] 卫生球
 - camphor ball, naphthalene ball
adj. 后备的；封存的
 - supernumerary

Word: masculine
Front: masculine
[ˈmæskjəlɪn] (研六雅 7215/7201 -1)
Vocabulary: masculine
(once / 797 pages)
1adjn 2adj
If something’s masculine, it’s related to men. When you hear a masculine voice outside greeting your neighbor, you know it’s your dad and not your mom.
Masculine can describe people or things that have qualities often associated with men. If someone has a masculine appearance, the person is probably tall and strong. If your new jacket has masculine tailoring, that means it’s cut like a man’s jacket. Masculine can also refer to words. In many languages, words — especially nouns — are given a gender. If you’ve studied French or Spanish, you know you need to figure out which article to use with a masculine noun.
WORD FAMILY
masculine: masculinely, masculines, masculinise, masculinity, masculinize+/demasculinize: demasculinizes/masculinise: demasculinise, masculinisation, masculinised/ masculinity: masculinities/masculinize: demasculinize, masculinization, masculinized, masculinizes, masculinizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m interested in military topics, masculine hobbies, hard, tough, extreme things, things that require you to overcome physical discomfort,” he said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite his life with Laura, Paterson’s world is a man’s world, a world of stifled masculine violence.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Efforts to connect the war to fears of masculine inadequacy seem now almost as comical as Bellows’s work is macabre.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 男子气概的; 阳性的，雄性的; 男性化的，像男人的
n. [语]阳性; 阳性词; 男性
分布：男性(62%)，阳性(16%)，男性的(12%)，阳性的(8%)，有男子气概的(2%)
→来自拉丁语masculus,男人的，具备男人的美德的，来自mas,男人，男子，词源同marry,-cul,小词后缀。字面意思即小男子汉，男人的。后引申词义男性化的，语法格阳性的。male为该词缩写词。
男子气的[mascul=male(雄性)]
a.男性的,似男性的;[语法]阳性的The singer has amasculine voice.这位歌唱家有一副浑厚有力的嗓音.
adjective
MALE 男性的
 ADVANCED
■having characteristics that are traditionally thought to be typical of or suitable for men 男性的，男子气概的；适于男子的
• a masculine appearance/voice 男性外表／嗓音
Compare feminine
['mæs.kjʊ.lɪn] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法 (written abbreviation masc) (m)
■belonging to the group of nouns, pronouns, etc. which are not feminine or neuter （名词、代词等）阳性的
• The French word for 'sun' is masculine - 'le soleil', but the German word is feminine - 'die Sonne'. 法语中“太阳”一词le soleil是阳性的，但德语中的对应词die Sonne却是阴性的。
masculine, male, manly
这组词都有“男人的，男性的”的意思，其区别是：
masculine: 指有男子特征的，阳刚的。用于形容女性时，含轻蔑意味。
male: 单纯指男性或雄性。
manly: 指适合男子的、有男子汉气慨的。
adj. [人类] 男性的；阳性的；男子气概的
 - male, positive
n. [人类] 男性；阳性，阳性词
 - mankind, maleness

Word: nutshell
Front: nutshell
[ˈnʌtʃel] (16204/19450)
Vocabulary: nutshell
(once / 6678 pages)
n
The hard, protective covering of a nut is called a nutshell. If you hear someone say "in a nutshell," they are most likely summing something up in a few words.
It's more common to refer to a nutshell as simply a shell. Most people use the word nutshell figuratively. When you say, "in a nutshell," you mean "to sum it up," or "to condense a large amount of information into one short sentence." For example you might say, "In a nutshell, The Odyssey is the story of a guy who went on a long boat trip."
WORD FAMILY
nutshell: nutshells
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a nutshell, it involves using diversification, and sometimes borrowed money, to find an optimal balance between risk and return.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
The clash between a secularized, doubt-ridden West and a missionary Islam is Europe’s cultural crisis in a nutshell.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
He’s the all-American hero, in a nutshell, the character Hulk Hogan.”
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 坚果的外壳; 简言之，一言以蔽之
分布：简明扼要(34%)，坚果壳(33%)，小容器(33%)
→比喻用法。
noun
in a nutshell
■using as few words as possible 简要地说，概括地说
• Well, to put it in a nutshell, we're lost. 嗯，一句话，我们迷路了。
n. 坚果的外壳；小的东西，小容器
 - capsule
vt. 概括
 - summarise, generalize

Word: necessitate
Front: necessitate
[nəˈsesɪteɪt] (研六雅 10233/7107 -1)
Vocabulary: necessitate
(once / 1240 pages)
v
The verb necessitate shows that something is necessary or needs to happen, as when a sweet tooth can necessitate a trip to the store for a triple-scoop ice cream — which will necessitate a trip to the gym.
Synonyms for necessitate are "require" and "force." Although what's required may be serious, necessitate also just labels things that follow naturally from one step to another. A dead car battery might necessitate a long walk home, or your completion of skills tests might necessitate moving up to the next level. Necessitate commonly replaces "need" when doctors talk about treatment, so while your scraped knee might need a big bandage, it may "necessitate treatment with antibiotics" if you go to a clinic.
WORD FAMILY
necessitate: necessitated, necessitates, necessitating+/necessitarian: necessitarians/necessitous: necessitously/ necessity: necessitarian, necessitate, necessities, necessitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The Charlotte City Council acted in good faith to do everything it understood was needed to necessitate the state legislature repealing HB2,” the statement said.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He also publicly questioned whether failing to raise the ceiling would be such a bad thing, and whether it would necessitate defaulting on our debt.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Fortification adjustments undertaken by NGOs were necessitated by the international community’s inaction as the Syrian government targeted doctors.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 使…成为必要，需要; 强迫，迫使
时态：necessitated, necessitating, necessitates
分布：迫使(84%)，使 ... 成为必需(16%)
→来自necessary,必要的，必需的，-ate,使。
v.使成为必要,需要The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply.人口的增加需要更多食物供应.
【记】源于：necessary（n 必需品；adj 必要的）
【参】necessitous（adj 贫困的）
[nə'ses.ɪ.teɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to be needed, or to make something necessary 使成为必需；使成为必要
• Reduction in government spending will necessitate further cuts in public services. 削减政府开支必定会使民众服务进一步减少。
• [+ -ing verb] An important meeting necessitates my being in London on Friday. 我星期五必须到伦敦参加一个重要的会议。
vt. 使成为必需，需要；迫使
 - ask, lack, pressure, claim

Word: nullify
Front: nullify
[ˈnʌlɪfaɪ] (雅宝 17035/18560)
Vocabulary: nullify
(once / 2855 pages)
v
To nullify something means to make it invalid or ineffective. A peace treaty is an attempt to nullify aggression and division within a region.
If you take a null, or a zero, and make it into an action you can take, and you’ve got nullify — the act of making something void or zero-like. If you have an argument with your friend, it might nullify the fun you had together that day. This word is particularly used in legal language — a divorce nullifies a marriage — or in business disputes where you are trying to nullify someone else’s actions or plans.
WORD FAMILY
nullify: nullification, nullified, nullifier, nullifies, nullifying+/ nullification: nullifications/nullifier: nullifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the exact quote is, “Administration should support and defend activist groups by nullifying slander and smear campaign from bigger group.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
On Friday, he promised to withhold retaliatory sanctions, clearly hoping the new Trump administration will nullify Mr. Obama’s acts.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This week Blagojevich’s lawyers asked a U.S. appeals court to nullify the prison term and order another sentencing hearing, arguing he’s been a model prisoner.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 虚假说，零假说
vt. 使抵消; 使无效
时态：nullified, nullifying, nullifies
分布：取消(40%)，使无效(40%)，废除(20%)
→来自拉丁语nullus,无，没有，词源同no,-fy,使。引申词义使废除，使无效。
取消,废除(null+ify)[null=none,表示"没有"]
【记】源于：null（adj 无效力的；n 零）
verb transitive formal
■to make a legal agreement or decision have no legal force 使（协议或决议）失去法律效力
• The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977. 该州于1977年废除了死刑。
■to cause something to have no value or effect 使无价值；使无效
• All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes. 由于遗失了笔记，我所有的辛苦心血都化为乌有了。
vt. 使无效，作废；取消
 - recall, invalidate

Word: parishioner
Front: parishioner
[pəˈrɪʃənə(r)] (10182/12400)
Back: n. 教区居民
分布：教区居民(86%)，教区的教徒(14%)
→来自parish,堂区，教区。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a member of a particular parish under the care of a priest, especially one who often goes to its church （尤指经常去教堂的）教区教徒

Word: pantomime
Front: pantomime
[ˈpæntəmaɪm] (宝 23363/10014 -1)
Vocabulary: pantomime
(once / 1890 pages)
nv
If you make a motion with your hands to indicate eating ice cream, you are using pantomime. Parents often use this wordless communication to try to keep things from the kids. Unfortunately, the kids usually catch on quickly — especially if there is ice cream involved.
An entire show, done without words is often called a pantomime, but around December, you may read about a Christmas pantomime. This is a traditional holiday show in the United Kingdom. The play is usually based on a fairy tale, and it is put on especially for children. Although it is called a pantomime or panto, the show actually includes talking, jokes, and music. The tradition goes back to the 1700s and is still popular today.
WORD FAMILY
pantomime: pantomimed, pantomimer, pantomimes, pantomiming, pantomimist+/pantomimer: pantomimers/pantomimist: pantomimists
USAGE EXAMPLES
His Christmas card was a cartoon portraying him and his wife as the two halves of a pantomime donkey.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Last year York Theatre Royal's pantomime was staged at the National Railway Museum, after a refurbishment of their ancient Grade II venue was delayed.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The Chuckle Brothers are celebrating their 50th pantomime season.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 哑剧; 童话剧; 手势
vi. 打手势; 演哑剧
时态：pantomimed, pantomiming, pantomimes
分布：哑剧(39%)，手势(17%)，童话剧(15%)，演哑剧(12%)，打手势(11%)，哑剧演员(6%)
→panto-,全部，所有，mime,模仿，哑剧。
US [-tˌə-] noun
countable (UK informal panto)
■(in Britain) a funny musical play based on traditional children's stories, performed especially at Christmas （英国尤在圣诞节演出的）童话剧
countable or uncountable * mime
• It's an evening of music, drama and pantomime. 晚会上汇集了音乐、戏剧和默剧。
n. 哑剧；舞剧；手势
 - motion, sign
vi. 打手势；演哑剧
 - motion, mum

Word: reusable
Front: reusable
[ˌri:ˈju:zəbl] (18083/32991)
Vocabulary: reusable
(once / 44941 pages)
adj
Something is reusable if it can be used more than once. Since you can wash a cloth napkin after you use it, it is reusable. Toilet paper? Not reusable.
Many cities now encourage shoppers to bring their own reusable bags to stores, instead of having groceries and other goods put in plastic bags that are usually thrown away after a single use. Reusable is a word you'll often see alongside words like recyclable, renewable, or sustainable, in an environmentally conscious context. It comes from the "again" prefix re- and usable.
WORD FAMILY
reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Physician groups such as the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy maintain that the overall risk of infection is very low from the reusable devices.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Blue Origin is developing reusable rockets which will be able to launch satellites and people into space.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Now I purchase only reusable cloth bags, which can be found at most stores year-round.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 可再用的，可重复使用的，可重用的
分布：可再度使用的(58%)，可多次使用的(42%)
ADJ
可再使用的;可重复使用的
Things that are reusable can be used more than once.
例：The average family in Europe throws as much as £3,000 worth of reusable materials into its dustbin each year.欧洲的普通家庭每年扔进垃圾桶的可再利用材料的价值高达3,000英镑。
例：...reusable plastic containers.可重复使用的塑料容器

Word: reversion
Front: reversion
[rɪˈvɜ:ʃn] (宝 25812/15421)
Back: n. 恢复; 复原; 继承权; 未来所有权
分布：逆转(67%)，恢复(23%)，返回(6%)，反向(4%)
→来自 reveres,颠倒，反转。引申词义倒退，回归。
恢复原状[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [-'vɝ:.ʒən] noun [S or U] formal
■a change back to a previous and often worse condition 倒退；回复，回归
• The new procedures are being seen as a reversion to old, inefficient ways of working. 采用新工序被视为是开历史倒车，是退回到那种效率低下的老路上去。
legal
■a return of something to its previous owner 归还；物归原主
n. 逆转；回复；归还； [遗] 隔代遗传； [法] 继承权
 - feedback, heritage, succession, restoration, return

Word: rosetta
Front: rosetta
[rəuˈzetə] (-/42086)
Back: n. 罗塞塔(f.)
分布：罗塞塔(f(100%)

Word: rationality
Front: rationality
[ˌræʃə'nælətɪ] (11259/8213)
Vocabulary: rationality
(once / 8553 pages)
n
Use the noun rationality to refer to the state of being sensible or having good judgment. People may question your rationality if you insist on jumping into freezing water in January and skydiving for the rest of the year.
The noun rationality also means the state of being agreeable to reason or being based on logic. If you have to pick a pre-school for your child, you should base your decision on rationality and not an illogical reaction, such as how many of the kids eventually go to Ivy League universities. The newer school may look better on the surface, but the older building may have better teachers, a more interesting curriculum, and be closer to your home.
WORD FAMILY
rationality: rationalities+/ irrational: irrationality, irrationally, irrationals/irrationality: irrationalities/ rational: irrational, nonrational, rationalise, rationalism, rationality, rationalize, rationally, rationalness, rationals/rationalisation: rationalisations/rationalise: rationalisation, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising/ rationalism: rationalist, rationalistic/rationalist: rationalists/rationalistic: rationalistically/ rationalization: rationalizations/ rationalize: rationalization, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We do not behave like “rational actors,” as economists once presumed; rather, we’re predictably misguided—subject to a “bounded rationality.”
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Looking for rationality in Mr Jammeh’s mind is not easy.
Economist(Dec 11, 2016)
“But I’m not sure the rationality is there in the UK.”
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 合理性; （常复数）合理的行动（或见解、措施等）
分布：理性(63%)，合理性(37%)
ADJ-GRADED
理性的;合理的
Rational decisions and thoughts are based on reason rather than on emotion.
例：He's asking you to look at both sides of the case and come to a rational decision...他是要求你看到问题的两面后再作出理性的决定。
例：Mary was able to short-circuit her stress response by keeping her thoughts calm and rational.玛丽能够保持头脑清醒理智，因而迅速做出反应。
ADJ-GRADED
理性的;理智的
A rational person is someone who is sensible and is able to make decisions based on intelligent thinking rather than on emotion.
例：Did he come across as a sane rational person?...他看起来是一个正常而理智的人吗？
例：Rachel looked calmer and more rational now.雷切尔现在看上去更加平静、更加理智了。
n. [数] 合理性；合理的行动
 - justifiability

Word: rustle
Front: rustle
[ˈrʌsl] (宝 12778/15551 -1)
Vocabulary: rustle
(once / 438 pages)
1vn 2v
A rustle can be the dry sounds made by papers rubbing together or leaves crackling. It can also be the act of searching, stealing, finding food, or making rustle sounds.
Rustle has a whole lotta meanings! Walking home late at night, you hear a rustle behind you. Maybe it’s just leaves, but you’re spooked, so you rustle around in your knapsack, searching for a weapon. You turn, and it’s just a hungry friend, so you bring him home and rustle up some food from your cupboards. As your friend leaves, he rustles all your cows and takes them away.
WORD FAMILY
rustle: rustled, rustler, rustles, rustling +/rustler: rustlers/ rustling: rustlingly, rustlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gentle breeze rustled palm trees Wednesday as the president’s motorcade traveled from his Kailua vacation home to a nearby Marine Corps base gym.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Only occasionally do they pause, perhaps hearing a light rustle on the fallen leaves or glimpsing something scampering among the dark green foliage.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But the 43-year-old challenger is still trying to rustle up support ahead of the morning vote.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 发出沙沙的声音
n. 沙沙声; 急忙; 飒飒声
时态：rustled, rustling, rustles
分布：沙沙声(38%)，飒飒声(18%)，发出沙沙声(18%)，瑟瑟声(10%)，急速弄到(8%)，沙沙作响地移动(8%)
verb
MAKE NOISE 发出声音
intransitive or transitive
■If things such as paper or leaves rustle, or if you rustle them, they move about and make a soft, dry sound 使（纸或树叶等）沙沙作响，使发出轻轻的摩擦声；使沙沙作响地移动
• The leaves rustled in the breeze. 树叶在微风中飒飒作响。
• He rustled his papers (= noisily moved them about) to hide his embarrassment. 他哗啦哗啦地翻动文件，以此来掩饰他的尴尬。
[rʌsl] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive mainly US
■to steal farm animals 偷（牧场的牲畜）
[rʌsl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rustle sth up informal
■to make something quickly, usually a meal from the food that is available 很快制作；仓促凑成；（通常指用现有的食物）凑合做成一顿饭
• Give me a minute and I'll rustle something up for supper. 给我一点时间，我去随便做点晚饭。
[rʌsl] noun only singular
■the sound made by the movement of things such as leaves or paper 纸或树叶等沙沙作响
n. 沙沙声；急忙；飒飒声
 - hurry, froufrou

Word: sedate
Front: sedate
[sɪˈdeɪt] (托宝 19371/19013 -1)
Vocabulary: sedate
(once / 1452 pages)
adjv
Sedate means to be calm, but if a doctor sedates you it means you've been administered a tranquilizing drug. Most surgeries require some form of sedation, but to be sedate in day-to-day life means composed, quiet, and serene. Not necessarily unconscious.
To be sedate when dining with the Queen means that you behaved with dignity and solemnity. To be sedated when dining with the Queen means that you were face down in the bread pudding and drooling onto the tablecloth. The medical sense of the word is to be tranquilized, either to calm your nerves after a shock or in preparation for surgery. Socially, to be sedate is to be serene, quiet, and composed.
WORD FAMILY
sedate: sedated, sedately, sedateness, sedater, sedates, sedatest, sedating, sedation, sedative +/ sedative: sedatively, sedatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jack Russell was sedated and vets spent 45 minutes removing the "rock hard" paste encasing the dog's teeth.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
First, the art of the American Revolution was as much about “spin” as documentation, often rendering peppery personalities, including Washington’s, in a misleadingly sedate manner.
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
In Gubaiya, a sedate hamlet in northwestern Yemen, many men worked in neighboring Saudi Arabia on construction sites, at restaurants and in menial jobs.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 安静的; 沉着的; 镇静的; 静肃的
vt. 使昏昏入睡; 使镇静; 给…服镇静剂
时态：sedated, sedating, sedates
分布：安静的(56%)，镇静的(22%)，使安静(11%)，使镇静(11%)
→来自拉丁语 sedere,坐，来自 sed,坐，坐下，词源同 sit,seat.引申比喻义使镇静，使镇定。
文静的(sed[=sid]+ate→坐着的→文静的)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
【记】sed坐，ate－坐下来的－安静的
【反】riot（v 骚乱）；roil（v 煽动；激怒）；flighty（adj 忽发奇想的；轻浮的）
adjective
■avoiding excitement or great activity and usually calm and relaxed 安静的；平静的
• The fight against a chemical storage site has transformed a normally sedate village into a battleground. 反对在此建造化工仓库的斗争使一向平静的村庄变成了战场。
• The speed limit is a sedate 55 mph. 速限是55哩的缓慢时速。
[sɪ'deɪt] verb transitive
■to cause a person or animal to be very calm or go to sleep by giving them a drug 给…服镇静剂
• When I saw him after the accident he was still in shock and was heavily sedated. 事故之后我见到他时，他还处于惊吓之中，服了大量的镇静剂。
adj. 安静的；沉着的
 - quiet, composed, calm, steady, tranquil

Word: si

Word: sacrosanct
Front: sacrosanct
[ˈsækrəʊsæŋkt] (21931/19443)
Vocabulary: sacrosanct
(once / 17828 pages)
adj
You might be enraged at the idea of doing homework on a Saturday if you consider your weekends sacrosanct — meaning they are too special or important to interrupt.
Sacrosanct is often used to describe religious rituals and traditions, which isn’t surprising considering that this adjective comes from the Latin word for something that is protected by a religious sanction. A church, for example, might consider its Sunday service to be sacrosanct — a very important and holy ritual that cannot be changed or canceled. It’s a bad idea to criticize or change any custom or tradition that people consider sacrosanct — they won’t be happy about it.
WORD FAMILY
sacrosanct
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s nothing sacrosanct about the vast majority of postseason games.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Of course, the right to peacefully protest is sacrosanct.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
That’s a central political issue in Montana, where hunting and fishing access is considered sacrosanct.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 极其神圣的，不可侵犯的
分布：神圣不可侵犯的(100%)
→sacri-,神圣的，-sanct,神圣的，词源同 sacred,sanctify.引申词义最神圣的，神圣不可质疑的。
['sæk.rə.sæŋkt] mainly humorous
adjective
■thought to be too important or too special to be changed 神圣不容更改（或侵犯）的
• I'm willing to help on any weekday, but I'm afraid my weekends are sacrosanct. 我乐意在任何一个平常日帮忙，不过周末可是神圣不可侵犯的。

Word: rote
Front: rote
[rəʊt] (托宝 16910/23921)
Vocabulary: rote
(once / 5672 pages)
n
Rote means learning a fact by repeating it. Rote means learning a fact by repeating it. Rote means learning a fact by repeating it. Do you remember what rote means yet?
Some teachers think rote learning is bad for students. They say that if students just use memorization to learn knowledge that they will not have a deeper understanding of how things relate to one another or can be applied. Another way rote is used, is to refer to knowing something so well that you can recite it from memory, or by heart. You might know a lot of nursery from childhood by rote.
WORD FAMILY
rote: rotes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Teaching is dull and based on rote learning; results are bad.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
It’s rote work, but repetition is nothing new to anyone with autism.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And there is something vicious about all that book learning, especially when it had to be done by rote.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 死记硬背; 机械的作法，生搬硬套; 涛声
分布：死记硬背(71%)，死记硬背的(22%)，机械的(4%)，机械的做法(3%)
→词源不详，可能来自拉丁语 rotare,旋转，转动，词源同 round,roll,rotate.比喻用法。
【记】rot转，e－翻来覆去的背诵－死记硬背
US [roʊt] usually disapproving
noun uncountable
rote learning
■learning something in order to be able to repeat it from memory, rather than in order to understand it 死记硬背
UK [rəʊt] US [roʊt] usually disapproving
noun uncountable
learn sth by rote slightly disapproving
■to learn something in order to be able to repeat it from memory, rather than in order to understand it 死记硬背地学
• She learned the equations by rote. 她靠死记硬背记住了这些公式。
n. 死记硬背；生搬硬套
 - rotte

Word: tiptoe
Front: tiptoe
[ˈtɪptəʊ] (13538/16864 -1)
Back: n. 脚尖
vi. 踮着脚走
adj. 踮着脚走的; 偷偷摸摸的
adv. 踮着脚地; 小心翼翼地
时态：tiptoed, tiptoeing, tiptoes
分布：脚尖(58%)，用脚尖走(24%)，用脚尖(18%)
→tip,尖点，toe,脚趾。比喻用法。
US [-toʊ] noun
on tiptoe(s)
■on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground 踮着脚尖
• The children stood on tiptoe in order to pick the apples from the tree. 孩子们踮着脚尖从树上摘苹果。
• They walked across the room on tiptoe so as not to waken the baby. 他们蹑手蹑脚地穿过房间，生怕惊醒婴儿。
UK ['tɪp.təʊ] US [-toʊ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground, especially in order not to make a noise 用脚尖走；踮着脚走（脚后跟离开地面，用脚尖行走，尤其是为了避免发出噪音）
• He waited until his daughter was asleep, then tiptoed quietly out of the room. 他等女儿睡着后才蹑手蹑脚地悄悄走出房间。
UK ['tɪp.təʊ] US [-toʊ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  tiptoe round/around sth/sb informal
■to avoid dealing with a difficult subject, problem or person 回避（难应付的话题、问题或人）
• Guy keeps tiptoeing round the problem, instead of confronting it. 盖伊一直在回避，而不是正视这个问题。
adj. 踮着脚走的；偷偷摸摸的
 - hole-and-corner, secretive

Word: tectonic
Front: tectonic
[tekˈtɒnɪk] (19531/17558)
Vocabulary: tectonic
(once / 38127 pages)
1adj 2adj
No, it’s not the latest electro-dance craze from Japan; the word tectonic refers to the earth's crust and the big hunks of it that shift around.
Even though it’s popular with the geology crowd, tectonic comes from the Greek word for "building." That can help you remember that the earth's crust consists of the building blocks we live on — the continents. Tectonic plates are the large sections of the earth’s surface that shift. If you live in a part of the world that sits on the edge of a tectonic plate, like the San Andreas Fault in California, you’ve probably felt an earthquake or two.
WORD FAMILY
tectonic: tectonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Next year will bring one of the most tectonic changes to American government in history.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Seismologists aren’t sure whether the Hayward’s current built-up tectonic stress will be relieved in one large tremor or a series of smaller, less damaging ones.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
To consider implementing such fundamental scientific changes, though, will require a tectonic shift in public attitudes about the natural world.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 构造的，建筑的
分布：构造的(64%)，建筑的(24%)，筑造的(12%)
→来自希腊语 tekton,建造，构造，来自 teks,纺织，编织，词源同 texture,technology.后特别 用于指地壳板块形成或构造。
US [-'tɑ:.nɪk] adjective specialized
■relating to the structure of the surface of the Earth and the way it is formed, changed and moved by forces inside it 地壳构造的（与地球表面结构有关的，及与地球内部力量形成、改变、移动地球表面结构的方式有关的）
• the motion of Earth's tectonic plates (= sections of the planet's surface) 地球板块（即地球表面各部分）的运动
adj. [地质] 构造的；建筑的；地壳构造上的
 - structural, constructional

Word: singularly
Front: singularly
[ˈsɪŋgjələli] (17633/14060)
Back: adv. 非常地; 格外地; 奇怪地; 异常地
分布：少见地(50%)，不可思议地(50%)
US [-lɚ-] adverb
NOTICEABLE 引人注意地
■to an unusual degree 特别地
• singularly beautiful 特别漂亮
• a singularly unattractive individual 特别不起眼的一个人
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lə.li] US [-lɚ-] adverb
STRANGE 奇怪的 formal
■strangely
adv. 异常地；非常地；令人无法理解地
 - considerably, exceptionally, remarkably

Word: soggy
Front: soggy
[ˈsɒgi] (宝 12601/14835 -1)
Back: adj. 湿透的，浸透的; 沉闷的，乏味的
级别：soggier, soggiest
分布：湿透的(40%)，潮湿的(33%)，乏味的(15%)，湿而软的(12%)
→sog,沼泽，湿地，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义潮湿的，湿而软的。
US ['sɑ:.gi] adjective
■(of things which can absorb water, especially food) unpleasantly wet and soft 湿透的；（尤指食物）湿软的
• soggy ground 湿透的地面
• I hate it when cereal goes soggy. 我讨厌泡软了的麦片。
adj. 浸水的；透湿的；沉闷的
 - tedious, waterishlogged

Word: squid
Front: squid
[skwɪd] (高 11582/16736 -1)
Back: n. 乌贼，墨鱼; 鱿鱼
分布：鱿鱼(100%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。模仿乌贼喷射墨汁的吧唧声。
[skwɪd] (plural squid)
noun countable or uncountable
■a sea animal with a long body and ten arms situated around the mouth, or this animal eaten as food 枪乌贼；（食用的）鱿鱼
n. 鱿鱼； [无脊椎] 乌贼；枪乌贼
 - sleeve-fish, calamari

Word: totem
Front: totem
[ˈtəʊtəm] (宝 16532/21118 -1)
Vocabulary: totem
(once / 2654 pages)
n
A totem is an emblem or badge that features an animal or plant. Each totem represents a family, clan, or tribe. Do you come from a long line of fishermen? Perhaps your family’s totem is a trout.
Any group can have a totem, but the word totem is from the Algonquian (Native American) word odoodeman for "his family mark." Totems are pictures — usually on badges or emblems — of animals or plants that represent a group of people, especially an extended family or clan. A totem could be a grizzly bear, oak tree, catfish, or just about any other living thing. Like a flag, a totem means a lot to the people it represents.
WORD FAMILY
totem: totemic, totems+/totemic: totemism/totemism: totemisms, totemist/totemist: totemists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was the Seattle Totems’ beat writer for several years.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She adopted the eagle as her totem, or spiritual emblem.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
‘Eyes of the Totem,’ shot in Tacoma in 1927, to be screened at Northwest Film Forum.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 图腾; 图腾形象; 崇拜物
分布：图腾(98%)，图腾形象(2%)
→来自北美印第安土著语-doodem,图腾，家族符号。
US ['toʊ.tˌəm] noun countable
■an object which is respected by a group of people, especially for religious reasons （尤指出于宗教原因的）图腾
• Television could be seen as a totem of modern society. 电视可以被视为现代社会的图腾。
n. 图腾；崇拜物
 - idol

Word: ut
Front: ut
[ʌt,u:t] (-/42733)
Back: n. 八度音阶的第一音
分布：世界时(100%)

Word: trawler
Front: trawler
[ˈtrɔ:lə(r)] (18109/21039 -1)
Back: n. 拖网渔船; 拖网捕鱼者，拖网渔民
分布：拖网渔船(88%)，拖网捕鱼者(12%)
→trawl,用拖网捕鱼，-er,表物。
US ['trɑ:.lɚ] noun countable
■a large boat that uses a wide cone-shaped net to catch fish 拖网渔船

Word: transporter
Front: transporter
[trænˈspɔ:tə(r)] (20723/17373)
Back: n. 输送人，运输机
分布：运输者(60%)，运输装置(40%)
US [-'spɔ:r.ɚ] noun countable
■a long vehicle used for moving several large objects such as cars from one place to another 大型运输车
• a car transporter 装运汽车的运输车
n. [航] 运输机；输送者
 - cargo-transport plane, aerotransport

Word: windscreen
Front: windscreen
[ˈwɪndskri:n] (24876/9010 -1)
Back: n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable UK (US windshield)
■the window at the front of a car, truck etc. （汽车等的）挡风玻璃
US for * windbreak

Word: wastewater
Front: wastewater
['weɪstwɔ:tə(r)] (13395/-)
Back: n. 废水
分布：废水(84%)，污水(16%)
n. [环境] 废水，污水
 - drainage, sewage water

Word: adulation
Front: adulation
[ˌædjuˈleɪʃn] (19049/20046)
Vocabulary: adulation
(once / 4008 pages)
n
If you've ever been to a pop concert filled with screaming fans you've probably been exposed to adulation — praise so over-the-top it's almost embarrassing.
The Latin word adulatio means "flattery." It's made up of the roots ad ("to") and ulos ("tail"), and if you're thinking of a dog wagging its tail to and fro to get a treat from its owner, you're on the right track. As anyone who's seen a crazed fan drooling over a celebrity knows, adulation is one of the more doglike of human behaviors.
WORD FAMILY
adulation: adulations+/ adulate: adulated, adulates, adulating, adulation, adulator, adulatory/adulator: adulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
To David Bowie, whose beauty and talent and refusal to quit signified something beyond words: your passing brought us together in sadness and silent adulation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Pleased with my work and eager to share it, I emailed it to my boss and awaited his adulation.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He drove to the Valley, knocked on the door and awaited the adulation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 谄媚
分布：奉承(66%)，谄媚(34%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根ul, 尾巴，同squirrel,大尾巴，指松鼠。该词指摇尾乞怜。
noun uncountable
■very great admiration or praise for someone, especially when it is more than is deserved （尤指名不副实的）称赞，吹捧，恭维，奉承
• Minelli is a born performer - she loves the excitement and she loves the adulation. 米内利是个天生的表演家，她喜欢刺激，爱听吹捧。
n. 奉承；谄媚
 - court, flattery

Word: walkout
Front: walkout
[ˈwɔ:kaʊt] (托 21507/36866 -1)
Back: n. 罢工; 退席（以示抗议）; 告别仪式; 谈恋爱
分布：罢工(92%)，中途离开(8%)
US ['wɑ:k-] noun countable
■the act of leaving an official meeting as a group in order to show disapproval, or of leaving a place of work to start a strike （表示抗议的）退席，退场；罢工
• Senior union workers staged (= had) a walkout this afternoon at the annual conference over the proposed changes in funding. 在今天下午讨论变动专款提议的年度大会上，工会的高层人员退场以示抗议。
⇒ See also walk out at walk
n. （美）罢工；退出会场；谈恋爱
 - strike, quicky

Word: agreeable
Front: agreeable
[əˈgri:əbl] (研六托雅宝 13667/9587 -1)
Vocabulary: agreeable
(once / 122 pages)
adj
Something that's agreeable is pleasant or gratifying. An agreeable travel companion is someone you get along with and whose company you enjoy.
An agreeable day might be sunny and warm, with a gentle breeze, and an agreeable meal is eaten with friends and tastes great. You can also use agreeable to mean "willing to agree," as when your sister is agreeable about loaning you her car for the weekend. In Old French, it was agreable, from agreer, "to please," or "to receive with favor," from the phrase a gré, "favorably," or "to one's liking."
WORD FAMILY
agreeable: agreeability, agreeableness, agreeabler, agreeablest, agreeably, disagreeable+/ agree: agreeable, agreed, agreeed, agreeing, agreement, agrees, disagree /agreeability: agreeabilities/agreeableness: agreeablenesses/ agreement: agreements/ disagree: disagreed, disagreeing, disagreement, disagrees/disagreeable: disagreeableness, disagreeabler, disagreeablest, disagreeably/disagreeableness: disagreeablenesses/ disagreement: disagreements
USAGE EXAMPLES
I think that’d be a great idea as long as it was agreeable to the incoming president.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Trump and current Congresses might not be so agreeable and instead press ahead, betting that the rest of the world won’t retaliate.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Thus, Suzie’s judgment of how agreeable and conscientious she is correlates only modestly with how agreeable and conscientious her friends think she is.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人愉快的，惬意的; 有礼貌的; 同意的，接受的; 适合的，一致的
分布：愉快的(54%)，和蔼可亲的(18%)，一致的(18%)，欣然同意的(10%)
愉快的;适意的(a+gree=able;agree"同意")[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
a.符合的;一致的;欣然同意的;令人愉快的The agreement disagrees in the degree of agreeable freedom.协议在使人愉快的自由程度上存在分歧.
【反】irritable（adj 易怒的；急躁的）
adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的 formal
■pleasant; pleasing 令人愉悦的，惬意的，宜人的
• We spent a most agreeable evening by the river. 我们在河边渡过了一个极为愉快的夜晚。
[ə'gri:.ə.bl] adjective
AGREEING 同意的
■able to be accepted by everyone 可以接受的，适合的
• The talks are aimed at finding a mutually agreeable solution. 会谈旨在找出一个双方都能接受的解决办法。
• We must find a compromise that is agreeable to both sides of the party. 我们必须找出一个党内双方都能接受的折衷方案。
■formal
■willing to do or accept something 欣然同意的，愿意接受的
• If Bridget is agreeable to the proposal, we'll start the project in June. 如果布丽奇特同意这项提议，我们将在六月开展这个企划案。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 令人愉快的；适合的；和蔼可亲的
 - pleasant, adaptive, lovely, calculated, grateful

Word: andalusia

Word: alexandra
Front: alexandra
[ˌælɪɡ'zɑ:ndrə] (-/6249)
Back: n. 亚历山德拉(f.)
分布：名词(100%)

Word: aspen
Front: aspen
[ˈæspən] (宝 13173/35667 -1)
Back: n. 山杨
adj. 山杨的; 颤抖的
分布：白杨(92%)，白杨的(8%)
→来自PIE *apsa, 山杨。
N-VAR
山杨;颤杨;大齿杨
An aspen is a tall tree with leaves that move a lot in the wind.
adj. [林] 山杨的；类似白杨的；颤抖的
 - asp, ashiver
n. [林] 山杨
 - asp

Word: asphalt
Front: asphalt
[ˈæsfælt] (托 8302/22886)
Vocabulary: asphalt
(once / 3999 pages)
nv
Asphalt is the black, tarry material that's often used to pave roads or fill in potholes. Your neighbor might decide to coat his driveway in asphalt.
Asphalt is a popular substance for paving roads, parking lots, and even airport runways, because it's sturdy and easy to repair. When old asphalt roads are torn up or repaved, the asphalt can be reused in new highway or road projects. Asphalt is usually manufactured from oil, or petroleum, but there are more ecologically friendly ways to make it, including using molasses, rice, or potato starch.
WORD FAMILY
asphalt: asphalted, asphaltic, asphalting, asphalts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Schwartz launched into action, explaining to the workers that this particular patch of asphalt was unconquerable.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Cycling over gravel – with the odd blissful stretch of asphalt – we were coated in dust and mud, suncream and Vaseline.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
And a few years ago, the restaurant was featured on Food Network’s show “Feasting on Asphalt,” hosted by Alton Brown.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 沥青，柏油; （铺路等用的）沥青混合料
vt. 铺沥青于，铺柏油于
时态：asphalted, asphalting, asphalts
分布：沥青(92%)，柏油(7%)，用沥青铺路(1%)
→来自希腊语。前缀a-，不，非。*sphaltos, 扔掉。指沥青粘。
US [-fɑ:lt] noun uncountable
■a black sticky substance mixed with small stones or sand, which forms a strong surface when it becomes hard 沥青；柏油
UK ['æs.fɔ:lt] US [-fɑ:lt] verb transitive
■to cover something, typically a roof or road, with asphalt 铺沥青于
• an asphalted road/pitch/court 沥青路／球场
n. [材] 沥青； [建] 柏油
 - bitumen, chian

Word: brahmin
Front: brahmin
['brɑ:min] (-/28286)
Back: n. 婆罗门（印度种姓制度中最高等级或僧侣阶级）
分布：=Brahman.(34%)，婆罗门牛(33%)，文人雅士(33%)
(also brahman) ['brɑ:.mɪn] noun countable
■a member of the highest Hindu caste (= social group) （印度种姓制中最高等级成员）婆罗门
• Brahmins traditionally become priests in the Hindu religion. 依照传统，婆罗门都是印度教的僧侣。

Word: bevy
Front: bevy
[ˈbevi] (20096/33036)
Vocabulary: bevy
(once / 4907 pages)
n
A bevy is a flock of birds. Although the term can be used for a variety of birds, it most often refers specifically to a bevy of quail. Other terms exist to describe flocks of other types of birds — a murder of crows, for example.
A bevy can also describe a large gathering of people, usually of the same type (a bevy of schoolchildren; a bevy of tourists). Most often, however, bevy is used to refer to a gathering of women. At a family reunion, you may find your grandmother holding court in the kitchen with a bevy of female relations. Young, attractive women are sometimes referred to, somewhat poetically, as "a bevy of beauties."
WORD FAMILY
bevy: bevies
USAGE EXAMPLES
More recently, investor optimism that the Republican election sweep will usher in a bevy of business-friendly policies spurred the market to new heights.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As a band of showers continued to soak Southern California on Thursday, holiday travelers faced a bevy of obstacles on Los Angeles area roadways.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
And just like that night, the Wildcats relied on superior toughness and a bevy of 3-pointers to cause all kinds of problems Saturday night.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指少女或妇女的）一群; （鸟类的）一群
分布：一群(93%)，鸟群(7%)
→来自词根bib, 喝，见imbibe. 来自动物成群结队饮水义。
【记】读：包围。只有一群东西才能形成包围之势。
noun countable
■a large group of people, especially women or girls, or a large group of similar things （尤指妇女或女孩）一群
• Victorian postcards often featured bevies of bathing beauties. 维多尼亚女王时代的明信片图案经常是一群游泳的美人。
■a large group of a particular type of bird 某种鸟类的鸟群
• a bevy of quail/larks 一群鹌鹑／云雀
n. 一群
 - pack, cohort, clowder

Word: babylon
Front: babylon
[ˈbæbilən] (-/20665)
Back: n. 巴比伦，奢华淫靡的城市，任何大的富庶的或罪恶的城市
分布：巴比伦(61%)，罪恶之都(26%)，繁华的大都市(13%)

Word: casing
Front: casing
[ˈkeɪsɪŋ] (12258/14249)
Back: n. 框; 壳; 罩; 套
分布：套(86%)，匣(4%)，盒(3%)，包装(3%)，罩(3%)，动词case的现在分词.(1%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■a covering that protects something 箱，盒，罩，套
n. 套；盒；（香肠的）肠衣； [包装] 包装
 - encasement, gaine

Word: brouhaha
Front: brouhaha
[ˈbru:hɑ:hɑ:] (24997/43227)
Vocabulary: brouhaha
(once / 38752 pages)
n
Brouhaha is something that people think is really important that’s actually not important at all, like the brouhaha over some new celebrity gossip. Brouhaha seems like a big deal, but it’s a bunch of baloney.
Brouhaha has two meanings, and tons of funny-sounding synonyms. The title of the Shakespeare play gives one meaning: "Much Ado about Nothing." The brouhaha over the latest Hollywood comedy might make you never want to see it. It's just fuss and hullabaloo about a movie that can’t possibly be good anyway. Brouhaha also means a loud noise coming from all over the place, like the brouhaha after a sporting event: hubbub and katzenjammer echoing loudly through the streets.
WORD FAMILY
brouhaha: brouhahas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Great was the brouhaha from both sides of the ideological divide until Bill O’Reilly of Fox News declared victory in 2014.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Has he warned his players not to act the giddy goat in the wake of last season’s brouhaha?
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
The palm-oil brouhaha illustrates the savage, self-righteous tone of political warfare in a movie without an iota of humor.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 混乱; 激动; 喧闹; 暴动
分布：骚动(60%)，吵闹(40%)
→来自希伯来语，拟声词。原指欢迎贵客光临，寒暄，后词义贬义化。
old-fashioned informal
noun uncountable
■a lot of noise or angry complaining about something 纷扰；轰动，哗然
• the brouhaha over his latest film 对他最新电影的非议
n. （法）吵闹；骚动
 - combustion, row, sound, turmoil, ruction

Word: churlish
Front: churlish
[ˈtʃɜ:lɪʃ] (30026/20413)
Vocabulary: churlish
(once / 6115 pages)
adj
A churlish person is one whose middle name might as well be Rude. He’s the one who was never taught to mind his manners and avoid telling vulgar jokes at the dinner table.
Churlish has its origins in late Old English, but its modern-day meaning of “deliberately rude” developed in the 14th century. It’s a fitting adjective to describe boorish or surly behavior. It can also describe a material that is difficult to work with, such as hard wood that’s resistant to quick whittling. Our prolific pal Shakespeare coined the phrase, “as valiant as the lion, churlish as the bear.”
WORD FAMILY
churlish: churlisher, churlishly+/churl: churlish, churls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Earlier this year, Father Jenkins denounced venom directed by Americans toward Mexicans, calling it “churlish, insulting political theater.”
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
It is churlish; it is misogynist; it is racist.
Slate(Nov 07, 2016)
Playing “Crying” in that scene was a bit on the nose, as they say, though it feels churlish to note it.
New York Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 脾气坏的; 吝啬的; 小气的; 无礼的
分布：粗野的(56%)，举止粗俗的(22%)，难对付的(22%)
脾气暴躁的(churl粗鄙之人,小气鬼)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
US ['tʃɝ:-] adjective
■rude, unfriendly and unpleasant 粗鲁无礼的，粗野的；不友好的；令人讨厌的
• They invited me to dinner and I thought it would be churlish to refuse. 他们邀请我去吃晚饭，我觉得拒绝有点不礼貌。
adj. 没有礼貌的；脾气暴躁的
 - ill-tempered, badtempered

Word: condescend
Front: condescend
[ˌkɒndɪˈsend] (宝 28540/34810)
Vocabulary: condescend
(once / 536 pages)
v
A snooty waiter might condescend to serve you dinner at a fancy restaurant, meaning that he'd consider himself far too important to carry out the mundane task of delivering your hamburger and fries.
You might have noticed that condescend contains the word descend, meaning to move down from a higher place. You can think of condescend as lowering yourself to do a task that you feel is far beneath you. Kings and queens would never condescend to do their own laundry at the palace, for example. If they even knew how to do the laundry, you can be sure they'd do it in a condescending, or superior, way to let everyone know that housework is no task for a monarch.
WORD FAMILY
condescend: condescended, condescending, condescends, condescension +/ condescending: condescendingest, condescendingly, condescendingness/ condescension: condescensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
They defined condescending lectures from poorly informed men as mansplaining.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Are what read as pretentious and condescending undertones absolutely required?
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
I thought maybe it was my tone of voice, but I don’t think I was speaking in a condescending way.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vi. 屈尊，俯就; 故意表示和蔼可亲
时态：condescended, condescending, condescends
分布：屈尊(60%)，俯就(32%)，怀着优越感对待(8%)
屈尊俯就(con全部+descend→全身向下→屈尊俯就)[scend,scens,scent=climb,表示"爬,攀"]
【记】con共同，de向下，scend爬－全部向下爬－屈尊俯就
【参】descend（v 下降）；ascend（v 上升）
US [ˌkɑ:n-] usually humorous
verb
condescend to do sth
■If you condescend to do something, you agree to do something which you do not consider to be good enough for your social position 屈尊做…，俯就做…，降格做…
• I wonder if Michael will condescend to visit us? 我不知道米高是否会屈尊造访我们？
UK [ˌkɒn.dɪ'send] US [ˌkɑ:n-] usually humorous
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  condescend to sb
■to treat someone as if you are better or more important than them 表现出高（某人）一等的姿态，带有优越感地对待（某人）
• He explains things without condescending to his audience. 他解释情况时不会对听众表现出高人一等的样子。
vi. 屈尊；谦逊
 - deign

Word: computation
Front: computation
[ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃn] (托 12953/12745)
Vocabulary: computation
(once / 2908 pages)
n
Computation is what you do when you calculate something, like a simple math problem or something involving quantum mechanics or — worse — even your taxes.
People have invented all kinds of machines to help with computation, from the abacus to the computer, and, in fact, when computers were first invented (and when one computer could easily fill a large room), using a computer was called computation. Much of what made computers so revolutionary was that in a relatively short time they could do a complex mathematical computation that would take a human many lifetimes to do.
WORD FAMILY
computation: computational, computations+/ computable: incomputable/ computational: computationally/ compute: computable, computation, computed, computer, computes, computing / computer: computerise, computerize, computers, microcomputer, supercomputer/computerise: computerised/computerize: computerization, computerized, computerizes, computerizing/microcomputer: microcomputers/supercomputer: supercomputers
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was “some uncertainty,” he wrote, in the latest computations.
The New Yorker(Aug 11, 2016)
New endowments also will advance genetic programming and evolutionary computation through endowed prizes, fellowships and programs.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
These unlikely partners share a common conviction: that quantum computing—which aims to harness quantum mechanics to vastly accelerate computation—is ready for prime time.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 计算，估计
分布：计算(97%)，估计(2%)，计算机的使用(1%)
N-VAR
计算
Computation is mathematical calculation.
例：The discrepancies resulted from different methods of computation...这些差异是由不同的计算方法造成的。
例：He took a few notes and made computations.他记了一点笔记，然后做了运算。
n. 估计， [数] 计算
 - estimation, calculation, appraisal, valuation, count

Word: daytime
Front: daytime
[ˈdeɪtaɪm] (研 7145/8629 -1)
Vocabulary: daytime
(once / 1417 pages)
n
When the sun is lighting up the sky outside, it's daytime. Most adults are at work during the daytime and come home at nighttime.
While daytime is defined as "after sunrise and before sunset," it describes this time of day even on dark, gray, days, or in parts of the world that get limited sunlight during the winter. A more accurate way to think of daytime is the hours after you wake up in the morning and before you start to think about going to bed at night. When it's daytime where you are, it's nighttime on the opposite hemisphere of the Earth.
WORD FAMILY
daytime: daytimes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The studio is reopening for daytime tours and nighttime recording in January following an extensive renovation project.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Among the medium and large insects, the radar documented 1320 mass migrations in the daytime and 898 at night over the course of the decade.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Q: What was it like performing daytime on “The View”?
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 白天，日间; 昼日; 昼
分布：白天(77%)，日间(23%)
n.白天,日间We go to school in the daytime.白天我们上学.
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the period between the time when the sun rises and the time it goes down, or the part of the day which is neither evening nor night 白天；白昼
• I tend to sleep in/during the daytime and study at night. 我往往白天睡觉，晚上学习。
• a regular daytime job 有规律的在白天上班的工作
• a daytime telephone number 日间电话号码
• daytime television 白天的电视节目
n. 日间，白天
 - daylight

Word: dogmatic
Front: dogmatic
[dɒgˈmætɪk] (托 16420/14806 -1)
Vocabulary: dogmatic
(once / 2146 pages)
adj
To be dogmatic is to follow a set of rules no matter what. The rules might be religious, philosophical, or made-up, but dogmatic people would never waver in their beliefs so don’t even think of trying to change their minds.
Dogmatic goes back to the Greek words dogma, which means basically “what one thinks is true” and dogmatikos, “pertaining to doctrine.” To be dogmatic is to follow a doctrine relating to morals and faith, a set of beliefs that is passed down and never questioned. It also refers to arrogant opinions based on unproven theories or even despite facts. Someone dogmatic might insist that dinosaurs never existed or that women shouldn’t drive. Dogmatic people are usually not very popular.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pragmatic / dogmatic
If you're pragmatic, you're practical. You're living in the real world, wearing comfortable shoes. If you're dogmatic, you follow the rules. You're living in the world you want, and acting a little stuck up about it.
Pragmatic people have their feet on the ground and their heads there, too. No time for dreaming! They're realistic. A pragmatic approach to something is the sensible one. A pragmaticway to fix a bike is to use the tools you have rather than the ones you wish you had. Examples:
"The academic and political atmosphere in the 1990s was decidedly pragmatic, rather than optimistic." (The Guardian)
"Clinton, meanwhile, focuses on the pragmatic instead of the aspirational, using her experience as a guide to what can get done." (Salon)
"Shoes were thick-soled, while bags were pragmatic large backpacks." (US News)
Dogmatic people are very firm their convictions, which usually come from some authority. The authority is often religious, but it doesn't have to be. Anything dogmatic is by the book. If you're dogmatic, you're 100% sure of your system despite evidence to the contrary. Dogmatic can also mean close-minded. Check it out:
"That is, if they can get past the dogmatic denial of man-made climate change." (Washington Times)
"We need more such balanced analyses, and fewer dogmatic opinions, on both sides." (Nature)
"When I became a cardiologist 30 years ago, I was pretty dogmatic about the low-fat, low-cholesterol diet to prevent heart disease." (Washington Post)
Pragmatic people know what time it is. Dogmatic people tell you what time it should be.
WORD FAMILY
dogmatic: dogmatically, undogmatic+/ dogma: dogmas, dogmata, dogmatic, dogmatical, dogmatise, dogmatism, dogmatize/dogmatical: undogmatical/dogmatise: dogmatised, dogmatises, dogmatising/ dogmatism: dogmatisms, dogmatist/dogmatist: dogmatists/dogmatize: dogmatized, dogmatizes, dogmatizing/undogmatic: undogmatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is really our first election where social media is rampant, where we’re trafficking in dogmatic points of view,” Temple says.
Time(Nov 08, 2016)
Emotions often drive reasoning, so as our hearts harden, our thinking also calcifies, and we become dogmatic.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 04, 2016)
Our survey is not scientific of course, but it does offer a glimpse into a system that remains rigid and dogmatic.
BBC(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 教条的; 固执己见的; 武断的
分布：教条的(66%)，武断的(34%)
教条的(dogma教条)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
教条主义的[dogm=opinion(观点)]
US [dɑ:g'mætˌ-] disapproving
adjective
■If someone is dogmatic, they are certain that they are right and that everyone else is wrong. 固执己见的；自以为是的；教条的
adj. 教条的；武断的
 - artificial, arbitrary

Word: crutch
Front: crutch
[krʌtʃ] (宝 11589/14340 -1)
Vocabulary: crutch
(once / 1468 pages)
n
A crutch is something you lean on when you’re hurt or weak. It can be a physical crutch you use because you broke your leg, or a friend you depend on a bit too much when you’re having a tough time.
A medical crutch is a device that helps you walk when you’re injured. A psychological crutch helps you when you need it, or think you do. Medical crutches come in pairs and have soft pads that fit under your arms and handles to help you rest your body weight on them. Other types of crutches fit securely around the lower part of your arm. The Old English root word is crycce, "staff," and the figurative meaning dates from about 1600.
WORD FAMILY
crutch: crutches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grimes, no longer on crutches and already pressing eighty pounds with his bad leg, watched from the sidelines.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
We talk about the muscles that are being pulled taut across the top of her back as she works to push down on her crutches.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He was disguised in a traffic police uniform, Alfadhli said, and walked with the help of crutches.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 拐杖; 支持物; 精神上的寄托; 胯部
vt. 支撑; 支持
分布：拐杖(71%)，支柱(21%)，支撑(8%)
→词源同crook,crotch.
【记】cr哭，u一个大坑，tch＝teach教：掉进一个大坑里，瘸了，然后我就得教你使用－拐杖
noun
countable usually plural
■a stick with a piece that fits under the arm, which you lean on for support if you have difficulty in walking because of a foot or leg injury （腿脚受伤的人使用的）T形拐杖
• Martin broke his leg playing football and has been on crutches for the past six weeks. 马丁踢足球腿受了伤，六个星期以来一直拄着拐杖。
only singular often disapproving
■something that provides help and support and which you depend on, often too much （常指过度的）依靠，支撑，支柱
• As an atheist, he believes that religion is just an emotional crutch for the insecure. 作为一个无神论者，他认为宗教不过是缺乏信心的人的精神支柱。
countable * crotch
n. 拐杖；支柱；依靠；胯部
 - leg, backbone, stay
vt. 用拐杖支撑；支持
 - encourage, carry, second, back, hand

Word: craven
Front: craven
[ˈkreɪvn] (宝 27015/13236)
Vocabulary: craven
(once / 1366 pages)
adjn
A craven man is no Superman or Spiderman, nor is he a firefighter or a soldier. A craven man is the opposite of those guys: he has not an ounce of courage.
In "The Wizard of Oz," the Cowardly Lion could have been called the Cravenly Lion, but that didn't sound quite right. Use craven as you would cowardly. A craven leader is scared to lead, while a craven gymnast stays on the mat and avoids the balance beam. You can also use the word to describe other things, besides humans. Craven policies, for example, are probably weak and do not take bold measures.
WORD FAMILY
craven: cravenly, cravenness, cravens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before his latest injury, Cravens missed time because of a concussion.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Gruden said it was “not looking good” for Cravens to play Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“These public funds, which pay their bills on the backs of taxpayers and public servants, should be ashamed of their craven greed,” Chiang said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 懦弱的，胆小的
adv. 胆小地，懦弱地
n. 懦弱，胆小
分布：懦弱的(51%)，懦夫(34%)，畏缩的(15%)
→词源不详。可能来自词根crep, 破碎，劈里叭啦，词源同decrepit, discrepancy. 原指被打败的，后指被打怕的，因而胆小的。
【记】cr＝cry，aven象雅芳化妆品：见到雅芳就哭－胆小的craven的人不会brave
【反】valorous（adj 勇敢的；无畏的）；gallant（adj 英勇的）
['kreɪ.vən] formal
adjective
■extremely cowardly (= not brave) 怯懦的，懦弱的，胆小的
• a craven act of terrorism 恐怖主义的懦弱行径
adj. 畏缩的；怯懦的
 - shrinking, shy
n. 懦夫
 - chicken, molly

Word: drachma
Front: drachma
[ˈdrækmə] (-/41210)
Back: n. 古希腊的银币名，古希腊的重量单位
分布：古希腊银币名(100%)
→来自希腊语drakhme, 握住，满手的，词源同dram.用于货币单位。
noun countable
■the standard unit of money used in Greece before they started using the euro （希腊使用欧元之前的货币单位）德拉克马

Word: domiciled
Front: domiciled
[ˈdɒmɪsaɪld] None
Back: adj. 指定支付地点的，定居的
分布：指定支付地点的(75%)，动词domicile的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
US ['dɑ:.mə-] formal or legal
adjective [after verb]
■being legally resident (= living) in a place 定居的
• He was domiciled in Saudi Arabia. 他在沙地阿拉伯定居。
adj. 定居的；指定支付地点的
 - resident, stationary

Word: externality
Front: externality
[ˌekstɜ:'nælətɪ] (18904/18021)
Vocabulary: externality
(once / 38251 pages)
n
An externality is an outside factor or condition that can affect something else. A snow storm for example, is an externality that can cause delays at the airport.
Externality comes from the Latin root word externus meaning "outside" or "outward." An externality is something on the outside that affects other things. Often an externality is a behavior or result of behavior by one party that affects others who have no choice in its happening. For example, factory pollution is an externality that can affect people's health and well-being. It's outside of their control and yet it has an impact on their lives.
WORD FAMILY
externality: externalities+/ external: externalise, externality, externalize, externally, externals/externalise: externalisation, externalised, externalises, externalising/externalization: externalizations/ externalize: externalization, externalized, externalizes, externalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Economists recommend governments use taxes and regulations to minimize this negative externality.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Calls to price the 'real' cost of water consumption or carbon production have promoted understanding of the economic externalities of individual and government choices.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Life brims with new experiences, challenges, excitement, what an economist would call “positive externalities” of demographic change.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 外在性; 外形; 外部事物; （经济学名词）外部效应
分布：外在性(45%)，外部因素(25%)，外表(20%)，外部的事物(10%)
n. 外在性；外形；外部事物
 - configuration, profile, shell

Word: duff
Front: duff
[dʌf] (41126/17124 -1)
Back: n. 布丁; 生面团; <俚>臀部，屁股
vt. 欺骗; 把…改头换面
分布：水果布丁(30%)，揉好的面团(28%)，笨拙的人(28%)，弄糟(14%)
adjective UK informal
■bad, not useful, or not working 糟糕的；无用的，不中用的；出故障的
• He's directed so many films that you might expect a few duff ones. 他执导了这么多部电影，难免会有几部不成功的作品。
[dʌf] noun countable US informal
■a person's bottom 臀部，屁股
• Get off your duff and start working. 起来开始干工作了。
[dʌf] verb transitive Australian
■to steal farm animals by changing the brand (= owner's mark) on them, or to steal goods by changing their appearance （家畜）偷走后改变其主人的烙印；（物品）偷窃后改变其外观
[dʌf] verb transitive Australian
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] duff sb up UK informal
■to hit someone repeatedly 连续殴打，一阵猛打
• Two of the robbers threatened to duff the witness up if he went to the police. 其中有两名劫匪威胁目击者说如果报警就揍他。
n. 水果布丁；揉好的面团；笨拙的人
 - chancer

Word: faceless
Front: faceless
[ˈfeɪsləs] (15846/18527 -1)
Back: adj. 姓名不详的，不露面的，匿名的; 没脸面的; 无个性的，无特性的
分布：匿名的(36%)，无个性的(28%)，无名的(20%)，没脸面的(8%)，无特性的(8%)
['feɪ.sləs] disapproving
adjective
■having no clear characteristics and therefore not interesting 无个性的；缺乏特征的；无聊的
• faceless bureaucrats 不通人情的政府官僚
adj. 匿名的，不知名的；无个性的；无脸面的
 - anonymous, pseudonymous

Word: iffy
Front: iffy
[ˈɪfi] (21912/33258)
Vocabulary: iffy
(once / 42062 pages)
adj
When something's iffy, it's uncertain. You might want to reschedule your picnic if the weather looks iffy.
Use the adjective iffy to describe things that might change, or are doubtful. If you break your ankle in June, the chances that you'll be able to run a marathon in August are iffy. You could also say that it's iffy your unreliable cousin will show up at your birthday party on time. Iffy has been around since the 1930's, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt invented it, taking the word if, turning it into an adjective, and using it often.
WORD FAMILY
iffy
USAGE EXAMPLES
And artists telling other artists what to do is iffy.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Many of them were mostly due to a short game that, though not the horror show of early 2015, is still iffy.
Golf Digest(Dec 05, 2016)
Silly humor for the holidays with some iffy stuff.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 不确定的，可疑的，有问题的
分布：可疑的(57%)，不确定的(43%)
→俚语词，来自if,如果。
adjective informal
■not certain or decided 没把握的；未确定的
• Simon's still kind of iffy about going to Columbia. 西蒙还有点没拿定主意是否要去哥伦比亚。
■not completely good, honest or suitable 有点坏的；不很诚实的；不大合适的
• The milk smells a bit iffy. 这牛奶闻起来有点不对劲。
• I was hoping to go to the park but the weather's looking a bit iffy. 我本来打算去公园，但天气看起来不大好。
adj. 未确定的；富于偶然性的；可疑的
 - unascertained, suspicious

Word: gibbon
Front: gibbon
[ˈgɪbən] (托 33668/22321)
Back: n. 长臂猿
分布：长臂猿(100%)
→词源不详，由18世纪法国驻印度总督将该词引进印度。来自可能常用名Gilbert的昵称。
noun countable
■a small ape with long arms which lives in trees in the forests of S Asia 长臂猿

Word: gyration
Front: gyration
[dʒaɪ'reɪʃn] (托 26430/34085)
Back: n. 旋转，回旋; 回转
分布：旋转(54%)，旋回(33%)，循环周期(13%)
n. 旋转， [力] 回转；螺层
 - revolution, rotation, rolling, turning

Word: fixer
Front: fixer
[ˈfɪksə(r)] (23932/25240)
Back: n. 固定器; 定色剂; 定影剂; 把事情暗中完结的人
分布：固定器(54%)，定影剂(20%)，操纵比赛结果的人(13%)，干预调停者(13%)
US [-sɚ] noun countable informal
■someone who is skilled at arranging for things to happen, especially dishonestly 安排者（尤指精于用不正当手段来操办事情的人）
n. 固定器； [摄] 定影剂；毒贩子；调停者
 - holder, fixator

Word: imprecise
Front: imprecise
[ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs] (宝 19370/18653)
Vocabulary: imprecise
(once / 37285 pages)
adj
If you’re being imprecise, you’re not being exact. If you try to draw a perfect circle with your eyes closed, your drawing will probably be imprecise.
One field where imprecise measurements can turn out to be troublesome is cooking. If you add an imprecise amount of flour into pizza dough, you will either get a crumbly, floury mess that won't stick together, or a big, gooey glob of dough that you can't roll out into a flat crust. Either way, your pizza will not turn out very well, and you might want to remeasure or order from the local pizza place!
WORD FAMILY
imprecise: imprecisely, impreciseness+/ precise: imprecise, precisely, preciseness, preciser, precisest/preciseness: precisenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was all field goals in the second half — and some more imprecise throws by Manning.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In particular, the electrical field is imprecise and seems to have stimulated large portions of the hippocampus in the rats.
Nature(Nov 21, 2016)
The roots of this problem stem from imprecise regulations further complicated by a piecemeal approach to governance.”
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不精确的，不确定的; 含糊不清
分布：不精确的(100%)
→im-,不，非，precise,精确的。
【记】precise（adj 精确的n 精确）
【反】nice（adj 精确的；精细的；敏感的）
adjective
■not accurate or exact 不精确的；不确切的
• The figures are imprecise because they're based on a prediction of next year's sales. 这些数字并不精确，因为它们是以对明年销售额的预测为基础的。
adj. 不精确的；不严密的；不确切的
 - loose, inexact

Word: impregnable
Front: impregnable
[ɪmˈpregnəbl] (宝 25486/19132)
Vocabulary: impregnable
(once / 1960 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something is impregnable it is not easily taken by force and can stand up to any attack. We usually use it in reference to some form of protection, like a fort or a solid defensive line in football.
The genealogy of the adjective impregnable includes the Middle French word prenable, meaning "vulnerable, easily conquered," which itself came from the verb prendre, which meant "to take." The addition of the negative prefix im- flipped the meaning. Impregnable can be used to describe anything that cannot be entered or successfully attacked. Seventeenth-century theater critic Jeremy Collier once said, "True courage is a result of reasoning. A brave mind is always impregnable."
WORD FAMILY
impregnable: impregnability, impregnably+/impregnability: impregnabilities/ impregnate: impregnable, impregnated, impregnates, impregnating, impregnation/impregnation: impregnations
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, the Labour Party in Scotland was once an impregnable electoral colossus.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Mr Maduro’s bargaining position is less impregnable than it looks.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Donald J. Trump’s proposal to end illegal immigration — to build a supposedly impregnable wall — is a fake solution.
New York Times(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 攻不破的，坚不可摧的; 无可辩驳; 毫不动摇
分布：坚不可摧的(82%)，不可战胜的(18%)
→im-,不，非，pregnable,易受攻击的，词源同prehensile,插入字母g.即没法攻击的，坚不可催的。
攻不破的(im不+pregn拿住+able;参考:pregnant怀孕的)[-able表形容词"可…的,能..."]
【记】pregnable（adj 易受攻击的）pregn抓，拿住，able－容易被抓住的－易受攻击的
【参】pregnant（adj 怀孕的；富有意义的）
adjective
■A building or other place that is impregnable is so strongly built and/or defended that it cannot be entered by force （建筑或其他场所）坚不可摧的，固若金汤的
• Despite burglar alarms and window locks, homes are never impregnable against determined thieves. 即使家里装上防盗警报器并锁好窗户，也挡不住贼心不死的小偷。
■mainly UK
■powerful and impossible to beat, especially in sport （尤指体育运动中）不可战胜的
• Surrey have been building up an impregnable lead in this season's County Championship. 在本赛季的全郡锦标赛中，萨里队已经遥遥领先，势不可挡。
adj. 无法攻取的；不受影响的；要塞坚固的；可以受孕的
 - unaffected, impervious

Word: jinn

Word: klan

Word: krona
Front: krona
[ˈkrəʊnə] None
Back: n. 克朗（瑞典及冰岛的货币单位）
分布：名词(100%)
US ['kroʊ-] noun countable
■the standard unit of money used in Sweden and Iceland 克朗（瑞典和冰岛货币单位）
n. 克朗（瑞典及冰岛的货币单位）
 - SEK, koruna

Word: invalidate
Front: invalidate
[ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt] (托 14552/14319)
Vocabulary: invalidate
(once / 5214 pages)
v
If administrators find out that students cheated on a test, the school might invalidate their class grades. To invalidate means to cancel something or make it void, as if it never happened.
In invalidate you see the word valid which means true or correct. When you invalidate something you are making it less true, less official, or less correct. If you buy something that doesn't work properly and then try to fix it yourself, you invalidate the warranty. If you have a wacky theory that cars grow from trees, your teacher might invalidate your theory by taking you on a tour of an auto factory.
WORD FAMILY
invalidate: invalidated, invalidates, invalidating, invalidation+/ invalid: invalided, invaliding, invalidism, invalidity, invalidly, invalidness, invalids/invalidation: invalidations/invalidism: invalidisms/invalidity: invalidities/ valid: invalid, validate, valider, validity, validly, validness/ validate: invalidate, validated, validates, validating, validation, validatory/ validation: validations/ validity: validities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The State Department invalidated Mr. Snowden’s passport while he was still in Hong Kong, not after he left for Moscow on June 23.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Claims of such fraud were the basis for the Republicans’ push for draconian photo ID legislation in 2013, which a federal court subsequently invalidated.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The Foreign Ministry said Ms. Chung’s passport would be invalidated if she did not return to South Korea.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使无效; 使作废; 证明…错误; 使站不住脚
时态：invalidated, invalidating, invalidates
分布：使无效(55%)，使作废(45%)
→来自invalid,无效的，-ate,动词后缀。
使…无效(in无+valid有效的+ate→有效变无效)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
【记】invalid（n 残废adj 残废的）；valid（adj 有效的；有根据的）
verb transitive
■to officially stop a document, ticket, law, etc. being legally or officially acceptable 使无效；使作废
■to prove that an opinion, argument, etc. is wrong 证明（观点、论点等）错误
vt. 使无效；使无价值
 - nullify, deactivate

Word: inscribe
Front: inscribe
[ɪnˈskraɪb] (宝 9201/11257 -1)
Vocabulary: inscribe
(once / 262 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4v 5v
To inscribe means to write something in a permanent or formal way. When you have a jeweler inscribe your initials inside your new ring, she uses a machine to carve them into the metal.
A stone carver might inscribe your grandfather's name on a memorial stone, and your best friend might inscribe his name and a favorite quote in the back of your yearbook. In geometry, to inscribe is to fit one shape inside another, like when a triangle fits neatly inside a circle with its points just touching the perimeter. The Latin root of inscribe is inscribere, "to write in or on."
WORD FAMILY
inscribe: inscribed, inscribes, inscribing, inscription +/ inscription: inscriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this surpassingly American story, we see how historical and structural realities inscribe themselves into our most personal traumas and triumphs.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
From my notes, inscribed in real time: “rooftop running, galloping, leaping, climbing, crossbows, crash, sword slice, arrows, climbing, jumping,”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It was stamped on coins, engraved on tombs and inscribed on sundials, jewelry and synagogue furnishings.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 雕，刻; 题写，题献
时态：inscribed, inscribing, inscribes
分布：题写(40%)，铭记(35%)，题赠(15%)，铭刻于(10%)
→in-,进入，使，-scribe,写，词源同scribe,description.引申词义题，刻。
铭刻(in进入+scribe→刻写进去→铭刻)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】in里面，scribe写一写进里面去一刻，雕
【参】describe（vt 描写；形容）；inscription（n 题字；碑铭）；script（n 手迹；手稿）；conscription（n 征召）
[ɪn'skraɪb] formal
verb transitive
■to write words in a book or carve (= cut) them on an object 题写；刻，雕
• The prize winners each receive a book with their names inscribed on the first page. 每名获奖者都得到一本首页题有他们签名的书。
• The wall of the church was inscribed with the names of the dead from the Great War. 教堂墙壁上镌刻着第一次世界大战中死难者的名字。
vt. 题写；题献；铭记；雕
 - brand, heart

Word: narco
Front: narco
['nɑ:kəʊ] (35686/-)
Back: n. 缉查毒品的刑警; 昏糊; 昏呆
分布：缉查毒品的刑警(100%)

Word: mutilate
Front: mutilate
[ˈmju:tɪleɪt] (宝 20999/19302 -1)
Vocabulary: mutilate
(once / 1092 pages)
v
Mutilate is a verb that means to injure or ruin, usually in a brutal or messy way. If you drop a cantaloupe into a wood chipper, you'll mutilate that poor melon, with chunks of fruit and rind flying everywhere.
Mutilate can also mean altering an object so it's unrecognizable. Once you mutilate something, it'll no longer resemble its original form. Celebrities who get too much plastic surgery are said to mutilate their faces, because they no longer look like themselves. Mutilate can also describe causing a disfiguring injury. Monsters and evil villains in horror movies tend to mutilate their victims instead of neatly murdering them.
WORD FAMILY
mutilate: mutilated, mutilates, mutilating, mutilation, mutilator+/ mutilated: unmutilated/mutilation: mutilations/mutilator: mutilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
These were the days of the mutilating super-radical mastectomy for certain breast cancers.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
It’s “Van Gogh’s Ear,” and its focus is the night in December 1888 when Vincent van Gogh apparently mutilated himself.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Photographs that later circulated online showed the mutilated body of what appeared to be the same man being dragged along a street.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 切断（手足等）; 毁坏，毁伤; 使…残缺不全; 使…支离破碎
时态：mutilated, mutilating, mutilates
分布：使残缺不全(58%)，毁坏(42%)
→来自拉丁语mutilus,使残的，可能来自mai,砍，切，词源同maim,mangle.引申词义使残废。
【记】mut变化，i，late晚了，做出变化已经晚了，只能截肢了。
【参】maim（v 使伤残）
US [-tˌəl.eɪt] verb transitive
■to damage severely, especially by violently removing a part 使残缺不全；使伤残
• Her body had been mutilated beyond recognition. 她的尸体严重毁损，根本无法辨认。
• Self-hatred apparently drove her to mutilate her own face. 显然是自我憎恨驱使她自毁面容。
■to destroy an idea or a piece of art or entertainment 毁坏，使支离破碎
• They have mutilated a beautiful film by making these changes. 他们的这些改动平白把一部好看的电影搞得支离破碎。
vt. 切断，毁坏；使…残缺不全；使…支离破碎
 - destroy, damage, cut off

Word: midtown
Front: midtown
[ˈmɪdtaʊn] (9991/-)
Back: adj. 市中心区的，位于市中心区的
n. 市中心区（商业区和住宅区的中间地）
分布：市中心区的(67%)，位于市中心区的(33%)
n. 市中心区；商业区和住宅区的中间地区
 - urban center, downtown

Word: nu
Front: nu
[nju:] (-/17004)
Back: n. 希腊字母第13字
分布：加拿大北部地区)(34%)，希腊文的第13个字母(33%)，努纳武特(=Nunavut(33%)

Word: purr
Front: purr
[pɜ:(r)] (15543/21285 -1)
Vocabulary: purr
(once / 1804 pages)
nv
The happy sound a relaxed cat makes is a purr. A purr is low and fluttery, and you can feel it vibrating in the cat's body.
Your pet cat purrs, and so do some of her larger relatives, like the puma and the bobcat, as well as the cat-like animal called a genet, raccoons, badgers, tapirs, and even guinea pigs. Scientists aren't entirely sure how a cat purrs, but they do know that felines can either purr or roar, but not both (lions, for example, don't purr). They also suspect that a purr evolved as communication between mother cats and nursing kittens.
WORD FAMILY
purr: purred, purring, purrs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purring jaguars prowled about our tents at night along with other unseen beasts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Yearwood purrs persuasively in “Santa Baby,” and Brooks brings the requisite light touch to the utterly forgettable novelty contribution, “Ugly Christmas Sweater.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Going up to “spicy,” the boost in chile acted like a magnifying lens, articulating each flavor, and I started to purr.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 咕噜咕噜的响声; （猫发出的）咕噜声; （机器等）颤动声; 咕噜咕噜地叫
vi. 猫发咕噜声; 发出喉音
vt. 发出喉音; 满意地说
时态：purred, purring, purrs
分布：人高兴发出的声音(100%)
→拟声词。
US [pɝ:] verb intransitive
■to make a quiet continuous soft sound 发出平稳低沉的声音
• The cat purred as I stroked its fur. 我抚摸猫的软毛时，它呜呜地叫着。
• We could hear the sound of a lawnmower purring in the back garden. 我们能听到后院割草机的震颤声。
• A black limousine purred up (= drove up making a quiet continuous soft sound) outside the hotel. 旅馆外面，一辆黑色豪华轿车呜地驶过来。
• [+ speech] "I love it when you stroke my back, " she purred (= said with pleasure). “我喜欢你抚摸我的背，”她满意地哼着说。
UK [pɜ:] US [pɝ:] noun only singular
■a purring noise 咕噜声，呜呜声
• I stroked the cat and it gave a low purr. 我轻抚那只猫，它发出了低沉的呜呜声。
• I heard the gentle purr of an engine outside the house. 我听到了房子外面引擎低沉的隆隆声。
n. 咕噜咕噜声；（猫的）呜呜声；（机器等）颤动声
 - varoom
vi. 发出喉音；猫发出呜呜声
 - pur

Word: pseudonym
Front: pseudonym
[ˈsu:dənɪm] (雅宝 15984/19395)
Vocabulary: pseudonym
(once / 5080 pages)
n
A pseudonym is a name that someone, often a writer, uses instead of their real name. The real name of Dr. Seuss was Theodore Seuss Geisel. Mark Twain was a pseudonym for the writer Samuel Clemens.
A near synonym of pseudonym is pen name. Similarly, an allonym is the name of an important person in history that is taken by a writer as a pseudonym. Some of Shakespeare's plays might have been written by other writers using an allonym. If an actor uses a fake name, it is usually called a stage name. And there's no fancy work for nickname––it's just what your family and friends call you.
WORD FAMILY
pseudonym: pseudonymous, pseudonyms+/pseudonymous: pseudonymously
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was where Publius Decius Mus began his career, alongside a handful of other writers, most of whom adopted Latin pseudonyms.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Under the pseudonym Anna Ruston, she writes about meeting a taxi driver she calls Malik when she was 15.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
In 2004, I interviewed 82 students at “MU,” a pseudonym for a large public four-year university in the midwestern United States, about their friendships.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 假名，化名，（尤指）笔名
分布：笔名(60%)，假名(40%)
→pseudo-,假的，伪的，-onym,名字，词源同name,anonymous.
假名,笔名(pseudo+nym名字)[pseudo-表示"假,伪"]
假名(pseudo假+onym)[onym=nam,表示"名字"]
【记】pseudo假，nym＝name－假名
【参】pseudoscience（n 伪科学）
noun countable
■a name which a person, such as a writer, uses instead of their real name, especially on their work 笔名；假名
• She writes under a pseudonym. 她用笔名写作。
• George Orwell was a pseudonym - his real name was Eric Blair. 乔治‧欧威尔是笔名，他的真名是艾瑞克‧布雷尔。
n. 笔名； [法] 假名
 - assumed name, nom de plume

Word: pageant
Front: pageant
[ˈpædʒənt] (雅宝 9524/15528 -1)
Vocabulary: pageant
(once / 1467 pages)
n
A pageant is an elaborate show or parade that usually depicts a historical or religious event, although these days more people know them as Miss America-type beauty contests.
Pageants aren't just for beauty queens — any richly decorated spectacle or ceremony could be considered a pageant. Around Christmas time, many Christian churches put on pageants that reenact the birth of Jesus. The Carnival parades in Brazil represent another type of pageant. And if your school organized a show where students had to act out famous moments in history? That would be a pageant, too.
WORD FAMILY
pageant: pageants
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Mr. Putin’s idea of a tough leader probably looks more like a Spetsnaz commando than a former beauty pageant impresario.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
MacDill officials say the uniforms were bought for a Marine Corps birthday pageant.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The beauty pageant star was found dead in the basement of her family’s home in Boulder, Colorado, the day after Christmas in 1996.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 盛会; 露天表演; 虚饰; 选美比赛
分布：盛会(55%)，游行(36%)，壮丽的场面(9%)
→来自page,页码，书页，-ant,名词后缀。比喻用法。
【记】page页，ant蚂蚁：蚂蚁爬满了一页一壮观游行
noun countable UK a show, usually performed outside, that consists of people wearing traditional clothing and acting out historical events 露天演出的历史剧
• Our youngest son is taking part in the school pageant. 我们的小儿子将参加学校的露天历史剧演出。
■US
■a competition for young women in which they are judged on their beauty and other qualities （女子的）选美比赛
• a beauty pageant 选美比赛
■any colourful and splendid show or ceremony 华丽的展示；盛大的庆典
n. 盛会；游行；虚饰；露天表演
 - parade, frills

Word: pun
Front: pun
[pʌn] (宝 12887/14108 -1)
Vocabulary: pun
(once / 1915 pages)
nv
A pun is a play on words. If a bird flying overhead takes a poop on the cake you’re carrying, you could say “Isn’t that just the icing on the cake!” But only if you want to be punny.
Friend of the double entendre and other witticisms, a pun is a comedic phrase that plays off of the sounds and double meanings of words. Puns can be quite clever, but often come off as silly, cheeseball attempts at humor. That's probably why any good comedian will tell you that "a pun is a short quip followed by a long groan."
WORD FAMILY
pun: punned, punning, puns, punster+/punning: punnings/punster: punsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the break in their nose, how well they pun, where their morals lie, how they eat crisps.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Wilson found Nabokov’s proclivity for punning intolerable and told him so repeatedly.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
The Haggler enjoys a silly pun as much as the next idiot, but this one was just wrong.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 双关语; 俏皮话
vi. 说双关语
vt. 捣结实
时态：punned, punning, puns
分布：双关语(82%)，说双关语(18%)
→词源不详，可能缩写自拉丁语punctum,点，刺点，词源同point,punch.
【记】Seven days without water make one weak/week 可以有两种理解。七天没有水使人虚弱；七天没有水也成一星期
noun countable
■a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word 双关语，语义双关的俏皮话
• She made a couple of dreadful puns. 她说出了几个令人不快的双关语。
• This is a well-known joke based on a pun: "What's black and white and red (= read) all over?" "A newspaper." 这是一个有名的一语双关的俏皮话，“甚么东西通篇有黑有白又有红（红音同读）？”“报纸。”
[pʌn] verb intransitive (-nn-)
■to make a pun 说双关语
vi. 说双关语；说俏皮话
 - crack wise, play on words
n. 双关语；俏皮话
 - equivoke, double-entendre

Word: populace
Front: populace
[ˈpɒpjələs] (宝 11767/14746 -1)
Vocabulary: populace
(once / 891 pages)
n
The populace is a way to refer to a group of people in general, like the masses or a population.
Populace, in its original use, was a negative way of referring to ordinary people, as opposed to rich, privileged, or royal people. A king might try to understand the mindset of the populace, but it's likely that he had no idea what their lives were really like. Populace can also be a neutral term that refers to a group of people living in a particular place. For example, New York City has a populace of about eight million people.
WORD FAMILY
populace: populaces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reverence and awe with which Saban is treated by the populace — well, I recognized that instantly.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
An ongoing public health crisis of that size can’t help but produce blowback from the populace, even in a repressive, one-party state.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
The mobile title became a sensation — albeit briefly — and brought augmented reality to the populace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 百姓; 平民; 人口
分布：平民(53%)，大众(47%)
→popul-,人，民众，-ace,名词后缀。
[popul人民→平民,-ace名词字尾]平民,大众[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]
N-UNCOUNT
（一国的）平民，百姓，民众
The populace of a country is its people.
例：...a large proportion of the populace.大部分民众
n. 大众；平民；人口
 - common people, common man

Word: ridley
Front: ridley
['rɪdlɪ] (25695/12788)
Back: n. 鳞龟属动物（产于墨西哥湾）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: recurrent
Front: recurrent
[rɪˈkʌrənt] (研 11386/7228 -1)
Vocabulary: recurrent
(once / 4817 pages)
adj
Do you dream again and again that you are flying? If so, you could say that you have a recurrent dream of flight. Recurrent means something that happens repeatedly.
The word recurrent comes from a Latin word meaning "to return or come back." A recurrent dream, good or bad, keeps coming back. You'll hear this word used often about abstract things like dreams, thoughts, and in literature, themes. For instance, the theme of a motherless child finding its way in the world is recurrent in pop culture and literature.
WORD FAMILY
recurrent: recurrently+/ recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs/ recurrence: recurrences/ recurring: recurringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that’s a recurrent feature of conservative politics, as Corey Robin argued in his book “The Reactionary Mind” and echoed on Salon last March:
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
There is a recurrent genesis to these various artivist projects: the felt need to do something.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
It hasn’t moved so far because of recurrent worries about slow growth, weak inflation and turbulence overseas.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 复发的，复现的; 周期性的，经常发生的; 回归的; 循环的
分布：周期性的(62%)，循环的(22%)，再发生的(16%)
一再发生的(recur+r+ent)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
ADJ
重现的；再次发生的
A recurrent event or feeling happens or is experienced more than once.
例：Race is a recurrent theme in the work.种族问题是该作品里多次出现的主题。
例：...buildings in which staff suffer recurrent illness.里面的员工经常生病的建筑
adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的
 - seasonal, recrudescent

Word: savagery
Front: savagery
[ˈsævɪdʒri] (18496/15393)
Back: n. 野蛮; 野蛮人; 凶猛; 荒凉的状态
分布：野性(51%)，残忍(34%)，野蛮状态(15%)
→savage,野人，野蛮人，-ery,表行为。
noun countable or uncountable
■(acts of) cruel and violent behaviour 残暴（行为），凶残（行径）；兽性
n. 野性；野蛮人；原始状态
 - ferity, haggardness

Word: scud
Front: scud
[skʌd] (托宝 29233/29447)
Back: vi. （尤指船、舰或云彩）笔直、高速而平稳地移动
时态：scudded, scudding, scuds
分布：疾行(55%)，掠过(13%)，阵雨(8%)，飞云或雾(8%)，阵风(8%)，疾驶(8%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skjota,投，射，词源同 shoot,scoot,scuttle.引申词义飞掠，疾飞。
【记】象声词：指马在疾驰时的死嘎得死嘎得的马蹄声。
[skʌd] (-dd-)
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(especially of clouds and ships) to move quickly and without stopping in a straight line （尤指云彩和船只）飞奔，疾行，掠过
• It was a windy day, and small white clouds were scudding across the blue sky. 那天有风，朵朵小片白云在蓝天上随风掠过。
vi. 疾行；顺风行驶
 - peg

Word: snappy
Front: snappy
[ˈsnæpi] (宝 17299/19871 -1)
Back: adj. 精力充沛的; 敏捷的; 漂亮的，时髦的; 爽快的
级别：snappier, snappiest
分布：时髦的(46%)，敏捷的(22%)，精力充沛的(18%)，干脆的(7%)，严寒的(7%)
→snap,咬，抓，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
adjective
STYLISH 时尚 informal approving
■(especially of a man's clothes or of his appearance) modern and stylish （尤指男子穿着或相貌）时髦的，漂亮的
• He's a snappy dresser. 他是个穿着时髦的人。
• That's a very snappy new suit you've got, Peter. 你那套新衣服真是漂亮，彼得。
['snæp.i] adjective
EFFECTIVE 有效的 approving
■immediately effective in getting people's attention or communicating an idea 活泼明快的，短小易记的
• The magazine will be launched in September with a snappy new design. 这本杂志将于九月以活泼明快的崭新设计样式发行。
• They're looking for a snappy slogan to communicate the campaign's message. 他们在寻找一句简明扼要的口号来传达活动的要旨。
['snæp.i] adjective
make it snappy informal
■used to tell someone that you want them to do something immediately and to do it quickly 快点做
• I'd like my bill please, waiter, and make it snappy. 服务员，请帮我结账，快点。
adj. 厉声说话的；生气勃勃的；时髦的；爽快的
 - modern, fashionable, lively, in, tony

Word: slit
Front: slit
[slɪt] (研四六托雅宝 11326/10391 -1)
Back: vt. 切开，撕开; 使有狭缝
n. 狭长切口; 裂缝; 投币口
时态：slit, slitting, slits
分布：裂缝(49%)，切开(25%)，撕裂(13%)，使成狭缝(9%)，狭长的切口(4%)
→来自古英语 slitan,撕开，来自 Proto-Germanic*slitan,撕开，来自 sled,撕开，词源同 slat,slate. 引申词义切口，狭缝，裂缝等。
v.切开,截开,纵割n.细长裂缝,狭长切口I slit open the letter with a knife.我用一把小刀把信裁开.
【记】源于：split（v /n 劈开）；slice（v /n 切开；切片）
verb transitive (slitting, slit, slit)
■to make a long straight narrow cut in something 撕裂，切开；在…上开狭长裂缝
• He slit open the envelope with a knife. 他用刀将信封裁开。
• She killed herself by slitting her wrists. 她割腕自杀了。
• He was found the next day with his throat slit. 第二天有人发现他被割断了喉咙。
• She was wearing one of those skirts that's slit up the front. 她穿了一条那种前面开衩的裙子。
[slɪt] noun countable
■a straight narrow cut or opening in something 裂缝
• Make a small slit in each chicken breast and push in a piece of garlic. 在每块鸡胸上切个小口，塞进一瓣蒜。
vt. 撕裂；使有狭缝
 - tear, lancinate
n. 裂缝；投币口
 - crack, split

Word: spire
Front: spire
[ˈspaɪə(r)] (宝 13610/10385 -1)
Vocabulary: spire
(once / 929 pages)
n
A pointed cone shape on top of a building is called a spire, especially when it rises from the roof of a church.
The part of a church roof that rises above a city skyline or a village's rolling hills, pointing sharply up toward the sky, is its spire. Many church spires have a cross at the very top. Other buildings — religious or secular — can also have spires, though it's most common to see one on a Christian church. The root of spire is the Old English spir, "sprout, shoot, or stalk of grass."
WORD FAMILY
spire: spires
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Thursday, bells at the church, whose war-damaged spire was left unrepaired after World War II, tolled 11 times, signaling the reopening of the market.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The church that the market surrounds, with its spire damaged in World War II, symbolizes the city’s turbulent history.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The jagged silhouette of the broken spire became a signpost of German madness.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 螺旋; 塔尖; 尖塔; [动]螺旋部，（软体动物的）螺塔
vt. 给…装尖塔
vi. 塔状矗立; 螺旋形上升
分布：尖顶(76%)，螺旋(16%)，给 ... 装尖顶(4%)，塔状矗立(4%)
→来自古英语 spir,尖刺，来自 Proto-Germanic*spiraz,尖刺，来自 spei,尖刺，刺点，词源同 spike,spoke.后用于指教堂顶部的尖顶，尖塔等。
【记】源于：spine（n 脊椎，刺）
US [spaɪr] noun countable
■a tall pointed structure on top of a building, especially on top of a church tower （尤指教堂顶部的）尖塔，尖顶
n. [建] 尖顶；尖塔；螺旋
 - screw, minaret

Word: spotty
Front: spotty
[ˈspɒti] (16621/19510)
Back: adj. 多粉刺的（尤指脸上）; 带斑点的，有污迹的
adv. 多斑点地
n. 有污迹，带斑点
分布：多斑点的(44%)，发疹的(28%)，遍处污点的(14%)，质量参差不齐的(14%)
→spot,丘疹，粉刺，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['spɑ:.i] adjective
SKIN 皮肤 UK describes a person with spots on their skin （人的皮肤）多疮的，多粉刺的
• I knew him when he was just a spotty youth. 在他还是个满脸青春痘的少年时，我就认识他了。
UK ['spɒt.i] US ['spɑ:.i] adjective
NOT ALWAYS GOOD 时好时坏 US (UK and Australian English patchy)
■bad in some parts （质量）参差不齐的，有好有坏的
• She has a fairly spotty work record. 她的工作业绩时好时坏。
• Sales have picked up a little but they're still spotty. 销售有所好转，但仍然起伏不定。

Word: spillover
Front: spillover
[ˈspɪləʊvə(r)] (21431/29952)
Back: n. 溢出; 溢出物; （大城市等容纳不下的）外流人口; 始料未及的效果
分布：溢出(75%)，影响(22%)，外流人口(2%)，意外效果(1%)
→spill,洒出，over,超过。
US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] mainly US
noun countable
LIQUID 液体
■an amount of liquid which has become too much for the object that contains it and flows or spreads out （液体）溢出部分，溢出量
• The spillover from the adjacent river flooded the lower fields. 附近河流溢涨出的河水淹没了低地。
UK ['spɪlˌəʊ.vər] US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] mainly US
noun countable
EFFECTS 影响
■the effects of an activity which have spread further than was originally intended （非预期的）影响
• We are now witnessing a spillover of the war into neighboring regions. 我们现在亲眼看到战争影响到周边地区。
n. [通信] 溢出；外流人口
 - superflux, extravasation

Word: stratford

Word: veterinary
Front: veterinary
[ˈvetrənəri] (宝 13531/7406 -1)
Back: adj. 兽医的
n. 兽医
分布：兽医(93%)，兽医的(7%)
→来自拉丁语veterinum，驮畜，驮兽，词源同veal,wether.引申义兽医。
US [-ner-] adjective [before noun]
■connected with taking care of the health of animals 兽医的
• veterinary medicine 兽医学
n. [兽医] 兽医（等于veterinarian）
 - farrier, horseleech

Word: teutonic

Word: sutherland

Word: yakuza
Front: yakuza
[jəˈku:zə] (38299/-)
Back: n. 日本瘪三
分布：日本瘪三(100%)
n. （日）瘪三；无赖
 - cad, knave

Word: vomit
Front: vomit
[ˈvɒmɪt] (雅宝 8753/10114 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 呕吐; 大量喷出
n. 呕吐，呕吐物; 催吐剂
时态：vomited, vomiting, vomits
分布：呕吐(60%)，呕吐物(19%)，吐出(16%)，喷出(5%)
→来自weme,呕吐，吐出，拟声词，词源同emetic.
【记】象声词，自学呕吐的声音
US ['vɑ:.mɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth 呕吐
• He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor. 他醉醺醺地回到家里，在厨房里吐了一地。
• She was vomiting (up) blood. 她在吐血。
vt. 吐出；使……呕吐
 - spit out, regorge
vi. [医] 呕吐；吐出
 - shoot the cat, hork
n. [医] 呕吐；呕吐物；催吐剂
 - sickness, emesis

Word: zenith
Front: zenith
[ˈzenɪθ] (托宝 15834/18949)
Vocabulary: zenith
(once / 1862 pages)
n
Zenith means the high point––it comes from astronomy, where it describes the highest point in an arc traveled by a star or a planet or another celestial body. The sun reaches its zenith when it is as high in the sky as it is going to go on that day.
Zenith — and its opposite, nadir — have been appropriated by non-astronomers and are used to describe high and low points in non-astronomical contexts. For example, you can say that the high school quarterback hit his zenith in high school, and it was all downhill from there. Do yourself a favor and try to delay your zenith so you'll have something to look forward to in your future!
WORD FAMILY
zenith: zenithal, zeniths
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will reach its zenith in Asia and the South Pacific on Monday night.
Seattle Times(Nov 13, 2016)
It will reach its zenith in Asia and the South Pacific on Monday.
Seattle Times(Nov 13, 2016)
As a result, the chess zenith his performance ushered in has not since been rivaled.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 顶点， 极点
分布：天顶(61%)，顶点(25%)，全盛(14%)
→来自中世纪拉丁语senit,来自阿拉伯语samt,路，通道，词源同azimuth,缩写自samt ar-ras,位于头顶的道路，ras,头。而该词最终又来自早期拉丁语semita,旁路，边路，se-,分开，mita-,改变，词源同mutual,由罗马人占据叙利亚时传入，后来罗马人离开，公元7世纪左右阿拉伯人又征服了叙利亚，该词又传入阿拉伯，最终又在公元14世纪进入了拉丁语。
天顶(zeni顶点)[-th表名词,通常指抽象名词]
【记】读：ze你死，从zenith上掉下来你就会死。
【反】nadir（n 天底；最低点）；lowest point（最低点）
noun countable usually singular
■the best or most successful point or time 顶峰；鼎盛时期
• In the 1860s, Tolstoy was at the zenith of his achievement. 19世纪60年代，托尔斯泰处于创作巅峰时期。
• His career reached its zenith in the 1960s. 他的事业在20世纪60年代达到巅峰。
Opposite nadir
n. 顶峰；顶点；最高点
 - height, summit, sky, peak, crown

Word: wren
Vocabulary: wren
(once / 10794 pages)
n
That tiny brown bird you see flitting past your window may be a wren, especially if it's got a tiny, upright tail.
Wrens are busy little brown birds, mostly found in North and South America. Often wrens are tiny and inconspicuous, with small wings and stubby little tails, although their songs can be quite noisy and complex. The origin of the word wren isn't known beyond the fact that it was wrenna in Old English, from a Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
wren: wrens
USAGE EXAMPLES
To my surprise, it was a bird, a robin or wren—I’m not sure.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
“Most people chip and haul this away or burn it, but Pacific wren will hide in here.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Cooper’s hawks, warbling vireo, Bewick’s wren, spotted towhee and American goldfinch have all become common sights in the forest, which also includes open areas.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)

Word: aftershock
Front: aftershock
[ˈɑ:ftəʃɒk] (18079/45070)
Vocabulary: aftershock
(once / 15057 pages)
n
An aftershock is a small earthquake that echoes or follows a larger one. After an earthquake, people often wait nervously to see if there will be an aftershock.
After the relief of surviving an earthquake, the tremors and shaking of aftershocks can be surprising and often dangerous. Sometimes houses and buildings that were damaged during the main earthquake can collapse during the aftershock that follows. Aftershocks are caused by the ground settling and adjusting to the changes in the faults that may have resulted from the original quake.
WORD FAMILY
aftershock: aftershocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkey is still dealing with the aftershocks of a coup attempt that began on July 15, in which at least 265 people were killed.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The moderate quakes were followed by a series of smaller aftershocks.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The moderate quakes, which struck at 12:18 a.m. and 12:22 a.m., were followed by a series of smaller aftershocks.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 余震
分布：余震(100%)
US ['æf.tɚ.ʃɑ:k] noun countable
■a sudden movement of the Earth's surface which often follows an earthquake and which is less violent than the first main movement （地震后的）余震
• The initial earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks. 初震后又发生了一连串的余震。

Word: aerodynamic
Front: aerodynamic
[ˌeərəʊdaɪ'næmɪk] (17229/22868)
Back: adj. 空气动力（学）的
分布：航空动力学的(50%)，空气动力的(50%)
US [ˌer.oʊ-] adjective
■relating to or using aerodynamics 空气动力学的
• aerodynamic principles 空气动力学原理
• an aerodynamic design/car 流线型设计／轿车

Word: abuzz
Front: abuzz
[ə'bʌz] None
Vocabulary: abuzz
(once / 40339 pages)
adj
If a room is abuzz, it's full of noise and chatter. An elementary school classroom is bound to be abuzz on the last day of school before summer.
When a place is abuzz, it's bustling with activity and sounds, humming in a way that resembles the buzzing of bees. The whole town might be abuzz with excitement about a movie being filmed there, or your house could be abuzz with excited children during a birthday party. Charles Dickens is credited with the first written use of this adjective, in his 1859 novel "A Tale of Two Cities."
WORD FAMILY
abuzz
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Christmas approached, the Long house was abuzz with preparations for the annual family gathering, which brings more than 30 people to the home.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Arriving on a Friday night, my husband and I found the lobby abuzz with cocktail-sipping locals.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“There were shops all over, and they were talking about us; everyone was abuzz about what we were doing.”
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 嗡嗡的，嘁嘁喳喳的，活泼的
分布：嗡嗡作响的(34%)，嘈杂的(33%)，呈现活跃状态的(33%)
adjective [after verb]
■filled with noise and activity 喧闹纷乱的；嘈杂的；忙乱的
• When we arrived, the party was in full swing and the room was abuzz. 我们到达时，聚会已经到了高潮，房间里一片喧腾。
• The air was abuzz with military helicopters, airlifting injured people and equipment. 空中运送伤者和装备的军用直升机震耳欲聋，一片忙乱。

Word: aquaculture
Front: aquaculture
[ˈækwəkʌltʃə(r)] (17235/-)
Back: n. 水产业; 水产养殖
分布：水产养殖(74%)，水产业(26%)
→词根aqua, 水。Culture, 农耕，文化。
n. [水产] 水产养殖；水产业
 - aquiculture, fishery

Word: ambient
Front: ambient
[ˈæmbiənt] (六 12340/19908)
Vocabulary: ambient
(once / 7596 pages)
adj
Ambient is an adjective used to describe an aspect of the environment that completely surrounds you, but in a mellow way, like ambient music played softly throughout a restaurant, or the ambient orange glow during a setting sun.
Ambient describes some pervasive quality of the surrounding environment, like the ambient lighting in a movie theater, or the ambient temperature of a room. Most times when you’re hearing silence, you’re hearing some ambient noises too, like the hum of a refrigerator or the whistle of a breeze. Usually ambient describes a quiet or peaceful quality, but it can be aggressive too, like the ambient drone of war planes flying above that you can hear no matter where you hide.
WORD FAMILY
ambient: ambience
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ambient air is Newark’s, but filtered, ventilated, heated, and cooled.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In my little corner of Brooklyn, ambient feminism appeared to influence the way fashionable young women dressed.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Ambient electronic musician Bonobo creates haunting tracks to dance to or meditate with.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 周围的，包围着的; 产生轻松氛围的; 环境
分布：环境(88%)，周围的(11%)，氛围的(1%)
['æm.bi.ənt] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■(especially of environmental conditions) existing in the surrounding area 周围的；（尤指）周围环境条件的
• ambient conditions/lighting/noise/temperature 周围环境／光线／噪音／温度
adj. 周围的；外界的；环绕的
 - environmental, surrounding
n. 周围环境
 - mise en scene

Word: arcade
Front: arcade
[ɑ:ˈkeɪd] (12052/8921 -1)
Vocabulary: arcade
(once / 1756 pages)
n
An arcade is a structure made by enclosing a series of arches and columns. The word's roots go back to the Latin word "arcus," which means arc or bow.
An arched, covered passageway with shops or stalls on the sides is also called an arcade and was a precursor to the shopping mall. The Burlington Arcade in London opened in 1819 and was the first shopping arcade of its kind in Britain. It still exists and is the longest covered shopping street in England. As more of these shopping arcades opened, they also began offering games and eventually the word's meaning came to include video arcades, where you can play coin-operated games.
WORD FAMILY
arcade: arcades
USAGE EXAMPLES
He says visitors to the arcade fall into two camps.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
There, across University Street, parts of the first two floors of structural steel point skyward above the Arcade Annex construction site.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
There's an entire room dedicated to arcade games and even a pod-racer in the backyard.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 商场，游乐中心; 拱廊，连拱廊; 有拱廊的街道
分布：拱廊(84%)，有拱廊的街道(12%)，游乐中心(4%)
→同arc, 弧。
连拱廊(arc+ade表名词,如cascade瀑布)[arc(h)=bow,表示"弓"]
拱廊(arc弧形)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
US [ɑ:r-] noun countable
■a covered area or passage in which there are shops, or a covered passage joined to a building on one side and with columns and arches along the other side （一旁有商店的）拱廊商业街；拱廊，拱廊通道
• a shopping arcade 购物中心
n. [建] 拱廊；（内设投角子电子游戏机等的）游乐场；有拱廊的街道
 - recreation ground, amusement parks

Word: anymore
Front: anymore
['enɪmɔ:] (1693/11630 -2)
Vocabulary: anymore
(once / 1743 pages)
adv
Use the adverb anymore to mean "any further" or "any longer." Your grandfather might complain that there aren't any good family movies anymore.
If you don't do something anymore, it means you once did it but now you don't: "Yeah, I don't take Irish step dancing lessons anymore." If you put your fingers in your ears while your brother is talking, you make it clear you're not listening anymore. Sometimes anymore is spelled as two words, any more — both are considered correct, with anymore being more common in the US.
WORD FAMILY
anymore
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that’s not the way the world works anymore, the adviser explained.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Turntables seemed like a particular extravagance, since hardly anyone listened to records anymore.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Global warming won’t be a problem anymore, what with nuclear winter.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. （不）再; 目前; 现在; 今后
分布：副词(99%)，名词(1%)
US [-'mɔ:r] adverb
 ADVANCED US for
■ any more , see at more
adv. 再也不，不再
 - not any longer, never again

Word: atavistic
Front: atavistic
[ˌætəˈvɪstɪk] (28026/32930)
Vocabulary: atavistic
(once / 22428 pages)
adj
Are you scared of the dark? It's okay. That is quite a natural atavistic fear — that is, a fear related to an ancient way of thinking or behaving.
Something atavistic doesn't have to be a feeling; it can be anything that's a throwback to an earlier form of life or way of looking at things. For example, a new building can be atavistic if it contains strong elements of ancient architectural styles. A physical genealogical trait handed down from many generations is also atavistic. For example, the pointed canine teeth in humans, originally used to tear meat apart when hunting, is an atavistic trait in mankind.
WORD FAMILY
atavistic: atavistically+/ atavism: atavisms, atavist, atavistic /atavist: atavists
USAGE EXAMPLES
On some atavistic, deep-buried level, migrants, refugees, and those with starkly different values, bring with them the fearful perfume of uhygge.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Many Australians have an atavistic fear of an uncontrolled flood of Asian migrants, and no government wants to look lax on “border security”.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Outsider cartoonist Jack T. Chick is dead, and so is the atavistic strain of anti-Catholicism he preached.
Slate(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 隔代遗传的，返祖性的
分布：隔代遗传的(54%)，返祖性的(46%)
→at, 向。词根av, 祖宗，祖父，见avuncular, 叔伯的。
US [ˌætˌ-] formal
adjective
■(of behaviour) happening because of a very old natural and basic habit from the distant past (= a long time ago) , not because of a conscious decision or present need or usefulness （行为）返祖性的，原始的
• an atavistic fear of the dark 对于黑暗的原始畏惧

Word: aristotle
Front: aristotle
[ˈæristɔtl] (-/10788)
Back: [计][WIN]编号
分布：名词(100%)

Word: astonishment
Front: astonishment
[əˈstɒnɪʃmənt] (六 11297/7915 -1)
Vocabulary: astonishment
(once / 227 pages)
n
Astonishment is what you feel when you're extremely surprised. If a cat stood up and recited the Preamble to the Constitution, you’d stare in astonishment.
Astonishment is the feeling of being blown away and shocked by something. It’s the noun form of astonish, which is a verb meaning, basically “to have your mind blown.” A professional magician aims to create astonishment. A basketball player who hits every three-point shot might make fans feel astonishment. Many people feel astonishment when looking at something like the Grand Canyon. This is a strong word that shouldn't refer to minor surprises. True astonishment is rare.
WORD FAMILY
astonishment: astonishments+/ astonish: astonished, astonishes, astonishing, astonishment / astonished: astonishedly/ astonishing: astonishingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked around in seeming astonishment at his family and friends and the bounty he’d provided, with such hopes, for a much larger audience.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
There were even several minutes of astonishment in store for a capacity crowd of mixed allegiance.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But five hours later, he looked at me in astonishment.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 惊讶，惊奇; 令人惊讶的事物或人
分布：惊讶(96%)，令人惊讶的事物(4%)
US [-'stɑ:.nɪʃ-] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■very great surprise 惊愕；惊讶
• To the astonishment of her colleagues, she resigned. 她竟然辞职了，这让她的同事们大吃一惊。
• She gasped in astonishment. 她吃惊得倒抽了一口气。
n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物
 - miration, stound

Word: atrocious
Front: atrocious
[əˈtrəʊʃəs] (宝 19777/18699 -1)
Vocabulary: atrocious
(once / 1518 pages)
adj
Atrocious is a great word, but there's nothing good about its meaning or its synonyms: horrible, ugly, abominable, dreadful, unspeakable, and monstrous, to name just a few.
The adjective atrocious is descended from the Latin atrox, which means "fierce" and "cruel." We hear this word all the time when something provokes horror (like a massive earthquake), when something is exceptionally bad or displeasing (like the worst movie we've ever seen, and the worse acting), or when we see something shockingly brutal or cruel (like an act of terrorism).
WORD FAMILY
atrocious: atrociously, atrociousness+/ atrocity: atrocious, atrocities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Atrocious early after baseball returned to Washington in 2005, the Nationals now work with annual expectations of winning the division.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Writing from prison in a message disseminated by the party on Monday, Demirtas personally condemned Saturday’s bombing, calling it an “atrocious massacre.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
The offense was atrocious against the Buccaneers, whose defense is far from elite.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶毒的，残暴的; 糟透的; 狠戾; 穷凶极恶
分布：残暴的(60%)，糟透的(30%)，骇人听闻的(10%)
残暴的[atroc=cruel(残酷)]
【记】见atrocity读：我抽射死－联想《少林足球》中的老三被对方轮流抽射的场面－极其残忍的，凶恶的
US [-'troʊ-] adjective
VERY BAD 很糟的
■of very bad quality 恶劣的，糟糕的，差劲的
• an atrocious film/piece of acting 糟糕透顶的电影／表演
• The weather has been atrocious all week. 天气整整一星期都很糟糕。
• Conditions in the prison were atrocious. 监狱的环境相当恶劣。
UK [ə'trəʊ.ʃəs] US [-'troʊ-] adjective
CRUEL 残忍的
■violent and shocking 残暴的；骇人听闻的
• an atrocious crime 残暴的罪行
adj. 凶恶的，残暴的
 - funest, felonious

Word: boundless
Front: boundless
[ˈbaʊndləs] (托 15729/20286)
Vocabulary: boundless
(once / 871 pages)
adj
Something that's boundless has no limits or restrictions. Your dog's boundless energy might leave you exhausted, since it never seems to end.
The adjective boundless is often used to mean "huge" or "immense." Your local Christmas tree farm, for example, might seem boundless as you walk through the rows of evergreens that stretch as far as you can see. If your little brother has boundless enthusiasm for superheros, he's probably capable of talking about Batman for hours. The noun bound originally meant "limit," from the Old French word bonde, "limit or boundary," so boundless means "without limit."
WORD FAMILY
boundless: boundlessly, boundlessness+/ bound: boundary, bounded, bounder, bounding, boundingly, boundless, bounds, inbound, rebound, unbound/ boundary: boundaries/bounded: boundedness, unbounded/bounder: bounderish, bounders/ rebound: rebounded, rebounding, rebounds/unbound: unboundedly/unbounded: unboundedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Garbrandt lived up to his boundless promise with a resourceful effort against Cruz, who was favored to defend his belt.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And the 19-year-old with the electric smile and boundless talent was still the best in the world.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
For all that, it’s one of the few superhero books this year a child might genuinely enjoy – an easy-to-read, straightforward story with boundless empathy.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 无限的; 无穷的; 无边际的; 广阔的
分布：无限的(60%)，无穷的(23%)，无边无际的(17%)
【记】bound界限，less少－无限制的
【反】limited（adj 有限的）
adjective
■having no limit 无限的；无边无际的
• boundless optimism 无比乐观
• She has boundless energy and enthusiasm. 她有无穷的精力和无限的热情。
adj. [数] 无限的；无边无际的
 - huge, infinite

Word: capsize
Front: capsize
[kæpˈsaɪz] (托宝 20349/20800 -1)
Vocabulary: capsize
(once / 3549 pages)
v
To capsize is to overturn, and it usually happens to boats. Don't rock the boat, baby, or you might just capsize.
When a boat tips over in a lake, it capsizes, and so does a boy who is sitting on an inner tube when it flips suddenly. Anything overturning in a body of water can be said to capsize. Sometimes vessels that capsize can be righted, like a canoe, and other times they sink to the bottom of the sea. The origin of capsize is uncertain, though it may be related to the Spanish word capuzar, "sink by the head."
WORD FAMILY
capsize: capsized, capsizes, capsizing+/capsizing: capsizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Navy says the Coast Guard was notified of a capsized kayak in Chesapeake Bay not far from Cape Charles Wednesday morning.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Ronsijns said: "The ship capsized in one, two, three... it was that fast".
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Migrants in an overcrowded boat that capsized are rescued by Italian navy ships in the Mediterranean sea between Libya and Italy.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使（船或车）翻; 倾覆
时态：capsized, capsizing, capsizes
分布：倾覆(91%)，翻转(9%)
→可能来自词根cap, 头，见captain，拼写受size俗化。即头往下栽的。
【记】cap头，size＝sizeable相当大的－船头太大－容易翻
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a boat or ship to) turn upside down by accident while on water （使船）翻，倾覆
• A huge wave capsized the yacht. 巨浪把游艇打翻了。
• When the boat capsized we were trapped underneath it. 船翻了，我们被困在船下。
vt. 倾覆（特指船）；翻覆；弄翻
 - turn turtle, keel over
vi. 翻；倾覆；翻覆
 - tip, turn turtle

Word: barbaric
Front: barbaric
[bɑ:ˈbærɪk] (15078/14389 -1)
Vocabulary: barbaric
(once / 1126 pages)
adj
Things that are barbaric, are uncivilized and brutal. People have different opinions about hunting — for some, it's a way of life, and for others it's barbaric.
You can use the adjective barbaric to describe anything that's needlessly cruel, whether it's the inhumane treatment of people by a barbaric government, or the barbaric way your neighbor treats his dog. Another, milder, definition of barbaric is unsophisticated or uncivilized, like the barbaric behavior of someone who belches loudly in a fancy restaurant. This meaning is echoed in the Greek root barbaros, which means "foreign or rude."
WORD FAMILY
barbaric: barbarically, barbarise, barbarity, barbarize+/barbarise: barbarisation, barbarised, barbarising/barbarity: barbarities/barbarize: barbarization, barbarized, barbarizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Modern slavery is a barbaric crime which destroys the lives of some of the most vulnerable in our society."
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Phillips and other inmates want to block the new procedure, arguing that it will result in a painful and barbaric death.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Immigration minister Robert Goodwill vowed to tackle the "barbaric crime" of modern slavery by targeting businesses.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 野蛮的; 半开化的; 粗俗的; 蒙昧
分布：极其粗野、残忍或残暴的(100%)
US [bɑ:r-] adjective
■extremely cruel and unpleasant 残暴的；野蛮的；粗俗的
• She found the idea of killing animals for pleasure barbaric. 她认为为了取乐而猎杀动物的想法非常残忍。
• barbaric acts of violence 野蛮的暴力行为
adj. 野蛮的，粗野的；原始的
 - wild, robust, gross, rough, country

Word: cardiac
Front: cardiac
[ˈkɑ:diæk] (托 8025/10704 -1)
Vocabulary: cardiac
(once / 5180 pages)
adj
Cardiac describes anything that's connected or related to the heart. During a cardiac exam, a doctor listens to your heartbeat and takes your pulse.
The adjective cardiac is most often used in a medical context: a doctor who operates on people's hearts is a cardiac surgeon, and an irregular heart beat is called "cardiac arrhythmia." It's common for both medical and non-medical people to call a heart attack "cardiac arrest." The word comes from the French cardiaque, which is rooted in the Greek kardiakos, "pertaining to the heart," from kardia, "heart."
WORD FAMILY
cardiac
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compared to most states - especially a neighbor to the east, Illinois, which is in fiscal cardiac arrest - Iowa state government is on sound financial footing.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ninety-eight metro areas will be involved in the cardiac care experiment, and 67 in the hip surgery test.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fisher, the writer, mental health advocate and actress of Star Wars fame passed away after suffering cardiac arrest on an airplane last week.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 心脏（病）的; （胃的）贲门的
n. 心脏病患者; 强心剂
分布：心脏的(59%)，心脏病的(41%)
→来自PIE *ker, 心脏，词源同heart，courage.
心脏的[card,cord=heart,表示"心脏,一致"]
US ['kɑ:r-] adjective
■of the heart or heart disease 心脏的；心脏病的
• cardiac arrest (= a condition in which the heart stops beating) 心脏停搏
n. [药] 强心剂；强胃剂
 - metrazol
adj. [解剖] 心脏的；心脏病的；（胃的）喷门
 - cordis

Word: caustic
Front: caustic
[ˈkɔ:stɪk] (托雅宝 18453/15238 -1)
Vocabulary: caustic
(once / 1903 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective caustic to describe any chemical that is able to burn living tissue or other substances, or, figuratively, a statement that has a similarly burning effect. Caustic in this sense means harshly critical.
In the chemical sense, a near synonym is corrosive. In the figurative sense, near synonyms are biting, scathing, and sarcastic. The source of the word caustic is Latin causticus, from Greek kaustikos, from kaiein "to burn."
WORD FAMILY
caustic: caustically, caustics, encaustic+/encaustic: encaustics
USAGE EXAMPLES
So I deleted all the caustic zingers while wondering whether the truth really matters.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It described Netanyahu being sharp and caustic in a phone call to New Zealand’s foreign minister, Murray McCully, calling the resolution “a declaration of war.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"There is something to be said for myxomatosis," was one caustic comment.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. <化>苛性的; 腐蚀性的; 尖刻的，刻薄的; [物]焦散的
adv. 刻薄地，挖苦地
n. 焦散线，焦散面; 刻薄，讽刺; [化]苛性碱; [医]腐蚀剂
分布：刻薄的(62%)，腐蚀性的(27%)，腐蚀物(11%)
→词源同cauterize,烧灼。
苛刻的;腐蚀性的[caust=bun(烧)]
【记】caus＝cause导致，tic读：啼哭－导致啼哭的－因为被腐蚀了，或者被刻薄的话刺伤了。Caus导致，tic尖：尖酸刻薄的
【反】innocuous（adj 无害的）；palliating（adj 缓和的）；kind（adj 仁慈的）genial（adj 亲切的）；smooth（adj 平滑的；平稳的）
US ['kɑ:-] adjective
CHEMICAL 化学制品
■describes a chemical that burns or destroys things, especially anything made of living cells 苛性的，腐蚀性的
• a caustic substance 腐蚀性物质
UK ['kɔ:.stɪk] US ['kɑ:-] adjective
WORDS 话语
■describes a remark or way of speaking that is hurtful , critical or intentionally unkind （话语或说话方式）刻薄的，尖刻的，挖苦的
• caustic comments 尖刻的评论
• She's famous in the office for her caustic wit. 她说话刻薄机智，在办公室是出了名的。
adj. [化学] 腐蚀性的；苛性的；刻薄的；焦散的
 - acid, vitriolic
n. [助剂] 腐蚀剂； [化学] 苛性钠；焦散曲线
 - corrosive agent, cauterant

Word: chinatown

Word: convulsion
Front: convulsion
[kənˈvʌlʃn] (宝 16936/18641 -1)
Vocabulary: convulsion
(once / 1080 pages)
n
If you see someone have a convulsion, it can either be scary or funny, depending on whether it's caused by a medical condition or a really funny joke. A convulsion is a jerking, uncontrolled movement.
When a person has a convulsion, it appears as a sudden, violent movement of the body. Convulsions most often happen as a result of a medical condition or illness like epilepsy, but you can also describe a jerky, irregular movement as a convulsion, even if it's caused by hiccups or laughter. A political upheaval or social turmoil can also be called a convulsion, if it's abrupt and violent. The Latin root word is convulsionem, which means "to tear loose."
WORD FAMILY
convulsion: convulsions+/ convulse: convulsed, convulses, convulsing, convulsion, convulsive / convulsive: convulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some suffered convulsions, while others complained of eye irritation.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Seattle, he said, “has that potential” — despite, or perhaps because of, the civic convulsions we’ve been facing, from minimum-wage fights to skyrocketing rents.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
At extremely high doses, caffeine can lead to coma, convulsions, heart attack, vomiting and even death.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. [医]抽搐; 大笑; 震动; 动乱
分布：抽搐(51%)，震动(26%)，动乱(23%)
抽搐,突然发作(con+vuls+ion)[vuls,ult=pluck,tear,表示"收缩,撕开"]
noun countable usually plural
■a sudden uncontrollable movement of the muscles in your body, caused by illness or drugs 惊厥；抽搐，痉挛
• She went into convulsions and had to be rushed to hospital. 她全身抽搐，必须要迅速送到医院。
[kən'vʌl.ʃən] noun countable usually plural
be in convulsions informal
■to be laughing uncontrollably 笑得前仰后合
n. [医] 惊厥；动乱；震撼；震动
 - trouble, shock

Word: dune
Front: dune
[dju:n] (宝 7022/8132 -1)
Vocabulary: dune
(once / 2023 pages)
n
A dune is a natural hill made of sand, either on a beach or in a desert. It's a good idea to bring plenty of water and a camel if you're trekking across sand dunes in the Sahara.
Sometimes people drive special vehicles on the dunes beside the ocean — these are sometimes called "dune buggies." These seaside dunes are formed by a combination of wind and water, while the dunes in a desert are purely the result of wind. The origin of the word dune is somewhat uncertain, although it probably comes from a French word with an older Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
dune: dunes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glamorous Cypress Point, Alister Mackenzie's masterpiece woven through cypress, sand dunes and jagged coastline, wasn't always the darling of America's 100 Greatest.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
Crows soared above sandstone walls as we ran our hands along petrified sand dunes and felt cool mystery.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His land was lush, with high dunes overlooking its 480 feet of oceanfront.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （由风吹积成的）沙丘
分布：沙丘(100%)
→来自荷兰语duin, 丘陵，词源同down, downs. 引申义沙丘。
【记】如果玩过DUNE2000的同学应该对沙丘2000有印象（一种类似红警的即时战略游戏）
US [du:n] noun countable
■a small hill of sand near a beach or in a desert （海滩或沙漠的）沙丘
n. （由风吹积而成的） [地理] 沙丘
 - sowback, dene

Word: defective
Front: defective
[dɪˈfektɪv] (托 10995/7186 -1)
Vocabulary: defective
(once / 1019 pages)
adj
Something that's defective doesn't work quite right, because it's damaged in some way. Your defective car probably won't make it all the way to California from New York.
Defective things are broken or flawed. A defective blender won't mix your morning smoothie the way you want it to, and a defective law doesn't serve the people it's meant to protect. A very old-fashioned meaning of defective, which is considered quite offensive today, is "mentally ill" or "mentally handicapped." The Late Latin root is defectivus, "to fail, revolt, or desert."
WORD FAMILY
defective: defectively, defectiveness+/ defect: defected, defecting, defection, defective, defector, defects/ defection: defections/defector: defectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cystic fibrosis is caused by the inheritance of two copies of a defective gene, one from each parent.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Such a plea would be an escalation of punishments against auto companies for defective products.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Finally, consumers who find an item to be defective may ask for a replacement or store credit.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有错误的; 有缺陷的，有瑕疵的; [语]变化不全的; 智力低于正常的
n. 身心有缺陷的人; 变化不全的词
分布：有缺陷的(95%)，有缺陷的人(5%)
adjective
■describes something that has a fault in it and does not work correctly 有缺陷的，有毛病的，有问题的
• defective brakes 有问题的刹车装置
• defective eyesight 有缺陷的视力
• a defective gene 缺损的基因
• I think that theory is defective. 我认为那种理论有缺陷。
adj. 有缺陷的；不完美的
 - deficient, disabled, flawed

Word: elitism
Front: elitism
[eɪˈli:tɪzəm] (19496/22929)
Vocabulary: elitism
(once / 13664 pages)
n
The idea that a small, select group of people should get their way is called elitism. First class passengers and rich politicians alike are accused of elitism.
People who are fans of democracy, believing that all citizens should be able to vote for their governmental representatives, are not likely to be fond of elitism. When governments are made up solely of members of the same family, or only tall, rich, white men with mustaches, they can be accused of elitism. Ironically, the root of elitism is the Latin word ēligere, which means "to choose."
WORD FAMILY
elitism: elitist +/ elite: elitely, elites, elitism / elitist: elitists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic elitism is on full display with the misguided mission of the Hamilton electors.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Unlike Trump’s trip to the 21 Club, this sparked screeches of indignation about New York elitism.
Slate(Nov 22, 2016)
Is this elitism or just fashion people not feeling especially fond of a politician who won by employing blatantly misogynistic and racist rhetoric?
The Guardian(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>精英统治，精英主义; 高人一等的优越感
分布：精英主义(100%)
→来自elite, 精英。
【记】e出，lit选一选出来的是精华
【参】elite（n [集合名词]精华；中坚）

Word: discrete
Front: discrete
[dɪˈskri:t] (六托雅宝 9847/9082)
Vocabulary: discrete
(once / 13602 pages)
adj
Discrete means separate or divided. A discrete unit is a separate part of something larger. A room is a discrete space within a house, just as the transmission is a discrete part of a car engine.
If something is discrete, it has its own space. An ice cube comes from an ice tray, but it has its own discrete compartment. A student government might have discrete committees for different projects. Don't confuse discrete with its close cousin discreet, which means “appropriately private.” Billionaire Bruce Wayne, for example, is very discreet about his secret life as Batman. You could say Batman is a discrete, or separate, part of Bruce Wayne’s identity. Anything distinct and separated is discrete.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
discreet / discrete
Discreet means on the down low, under the radar, careful, but discrete means individual or detached. They come from the same ultimate source, the Latin discrētus, for separated or distinct, but discreet has taken its own advice and quietly gone its separate way.
Today discreet is to be politely private about something and to be aware of consequences if everyone finds out what you're doing. Be discreet when you eat the lollipop your mom gave you but not your sister, so you don't have to listen to a tantrum. Wealthy people often try to be discreet with their money, because they don't want everyone to know they're rich. When you're trying to be cool, and keep something quiet, you're being discreet:
A source said: "Wayne attracts a lot of attention and the millionaires attracted to the area like to be more discreet." (The Sun)
Sound Level: Quiet, with widely spaced tables allowing for discreet conversations. (Business Week)
Discrete remains closer to its roots, meaning individual, detached, separated:
It is far better to think of these as isolated, unpredictable, discrete events. (Salon)
Quantum theory is usually thought of as discrete; after all, that's what the word "quantum" connotes. (Scientific American)
So last year, when earthquakes were recorded in small, discrete clusters in north central Arkansas, researchers perked up. (New York Times)
Although discreet and discrete have separate (or discrete) meanings, they are often confused. Remember that the "ee's" in discreet hide together in the middle of the word, but the "t" in discrete separates them.
WORD FAMILY
discrete: discretely, discreteness, discretest, indiscrete +/ indiscrete: indiscretely
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan, which he calls a daisy drive, separates the components of any gene drive into discrete parts—a genetic version of a multistage rocket.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Modular tiles representing discrete districts compose the cityscape.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
He believes the pictures reveal a "discrete, low profile wedding" in a small town or rural area in the UK.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 分离的，不相关联的; 分立式; 非连续
分布：不连续的(60%)，分离的(40%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-cret,区分，词源同crisis, critic, discern. 词义与discreet在17世纪前没有区别，后来才赋予不同的词义。
分立的(dis分开＋creet区别→分开区别→不同的)[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
【区】discreet详见上面
【反】continuous（adj 连续的）
adjective
■having a clear independent shape or form; separate 独立的，各自的，单独的
• These small companies now have their own discrete identity. 这些小公司现在都各有各的特点。
adj. 离散的， [数] 不连续的
 - uncontinuous, incontinuous

Word: feign
Front: feign
[feɪn] (托宝 13497/15443 -1)
Vocabulary: feign
(once / 739 pages)
v
For a more formal way to say pretend to or imitate, choose the verb feign. You might feign indifference when you hear about some gossip, but you're probably dying to know.
Feign comes from the Latin fingere "to devise, fabricate." The word fiction comes from the same source, so if you feign something such as sleep, you give off the fiction that you are sleeping. This can done to be polite but also to deceive such as when you feign an injury or the flu so you can stay home from school or work. You can also feign an accent, though some are better at this than others.
WORD FAMILY
feign: feigned, feigning, feigns+/ feigned: feignedly, unfeigned /feigning: feignings/ unfeigned: unfeignedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lyster feigns ignorance of other cultural reference points, too, varying the reference point to generate maximum confusion in her target.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
I feigned a headache and am now “working from home.”
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
I weighed the option of just feigning ignorance, but being detained, or worse, jailed in Congo, is a horrible prospect.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 假装，伪装; 捏造（借口、理由等）; 装作; 创造或虚构
vi. 假装; 装作; 作假; 佯作
时态：feigned, feigning, feigns
分布：假装(62%)，装作(25%)，捏造(13%)
→来自dheigh, 揉捏，建造，词源同dough, fiction. 引申词义虚假，假装。
verb transitive
■to pretend to feel something, usually an emotion 假装（某种感情），装作
• You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are. 你知道当你告诉别人你的年龄时，他们如何故作惊讶。
• She responded to his remarks with feigned amusement. 她假装对他的话感兴趣。
simulate, feign, pretend
这组词都有“假装”的意思，其区别是：
simulate: 主要指模仿他人或他物的样子，假装具有他人或他物的特点。
feign: 常和pretend换用，一般指言行上的“装做，假装”如装无知、悲哀；装死、疯或装做睡眠等。
pretend: 指公开表示的与心里想的与客观实际不符合，含公开承认其虚假的意味。
vt. 假装；装作；捏造；想象
 - act, simulate, come, vision, image
vi. 假装；装作；作假；佯作
 - seem, act

Word: erroneous
Front: erroneous
[ɪˈrəʊniəs] (研六托雅 12587/14695 -1)
Vocabulary: erroneous
(once / 911 pages)
adj
The adjective erroneous describes something or someone as mistaken and incorrect. Early explorers had the erroneous notion that the oceans were full of dragons.
When we talk about being on the "straight and narrow path" we aim to live a truthful and moral life. The Latin root of erroneous, or "to be incorrect" as well as "to be immoral," is errare, which means "to wander." It's clear that we make connections between behavior and direction or space. These two ideas have been linked for a very long time!
WORD FAMILY
erroneous: erroneously, erroneousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite an erroneous tweet from Sony Music’s account Monday morning, pop icon Britney Spears is not on that list.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
“The court agreed with the government and provided an erroneous answer to the jury that essentially directed a guilty verdict,” Mr. Critchley wrote.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Eighty-seven optical scanners broke in the Democratic stronghold on Election Day, causing erroneous vote counts.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 错误的; 不正确的; 秕谬; 讹
分布：错误的(89%)，不正确的(11%)
错误的(err+oneous...的→错误的)[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
a.错误的,不正确的No erroneous ideas should be allowed to spread unchecked.不准错误的思想自由泛滥.
【记】err犯错误，差开正道，离题－错误的
US [-'roʊ-] formal
adjective
■wrong or false 错误的，不正确的
• an erroneous belief/impression 错误的信念／印象
adj. 错误的；不正确的
 - false, wrong, improper, incorrect, inaccurate

Word: folklore
Front: folklore
[ˈfəʊklɔ:(r)] (托宝 11419/11883 -1)
Vocabulary: folklore
(once / 4181 pages)
n
Stories, customs, and beliefs that are passed from one generation to the next are called folklore. According to folklore, you shouldn't take rocks from the volcanoes in Hawaii because Pele, the volcano goddess, will be angry and curse you.
Folklore is a combination of the words folk and lore which dates from 1846. The former refers to a community of people, and the latter comes from the Old English lar, meaning learning or knowledge. Folk, in this sense, is also used in terms like folk music, folk dance, and folktale. Although traditionally folklore is passed along by word of mouth, in the modern era much folklore is being collected on the Internet.
WORD FAMILY
folklore: folklores
USAGE EXAMPLES
A first book often ends childhood: Prikryl’s gorgeous, elegiac work borrows from folklore its bright aesthetic and swift, severe logic of causation.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Mikkelson’s pursuit of investigating and sometimes disproving stories submitted by Internet users began with an interest in folklore and the psychology of hoaxes.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Now it sat on a flatbed truck, accompanied by a hint of folklore.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 民间传说; 民俗学; 民间创作
分布：民间传说(54%)，民俗学(39%)，民间风俗(7%)
【记】folk（adj 民间的），lore（n 传说；学问；知识）
【参】folktale（n 民间故事）
US ['foʊk.lɔ:r] noun uncountable
■the traditional stories and culture of a group of people 民间传说；民俗
• Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales. 她的书常常以民间传说和神话故事为创作基础。
• In Irish folklore, the leprechaun had a large piece of gold. 爱尔兰民间传说中的小矮妖有一大块金子。
• Arguments between directors and stars are part of the folklore of Hollywood. 导演和演员之间发生争吵已成为好莱坞传统的一部分。

Word: faithfully
Front: faithfully
[ˈfeɪθfəli] (12244/9807 -K2)
Vocabulary: faithfully
(once / 468 pages)
adv
To act faithfully is to behave in a dependable and honorable way. A dog who waits faithfully outside your school until you get out of class is devoted and trustworthy.
The adverb faithfully describes an action or behavior that's faithful — in other words, it's steadfast, loyal and reliable. An actor's parents might faithfully attend every play he's in, no matter how small his role is. Your devout uncle might faithfully attend church every single Sunday. In both examples, a person is dependable. The earliest meaning of faithfully was "acting in a way full of (religious) faith," or being pious, especially as a Christian.
WORD FAMILY
faithful: faithfuler, faithfulest, faithfully, faithfulness, faithfuls, unfaithful+/ faith: faithful, faithless, faiths, interfaith/ faithfulness: faithfulnesses, faithfulnesss/ faithless: faithlessly, faithlessness/unfaithful: unfaithfully, unfaithfulness/unfaithfulness: unfaithfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In this area, let us adhere, clearly and faithfully, to ‘zero tolerance.'”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To what extent does he faithfully transmit Lutheran doctrine?
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
He faithfully reproduces snapshots, often from his own youth.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 忠实地; 诚心诚意地; 如实地
分布：深信着(50%)，诚心诚意(25%)，忠实(25%)
adverb
LOYALLY 忠诚地
■in a loyal way or a way that can be trusted 忠诚地；忠实地
• He served the family faithfully for 40 years. 他为这家人忠诚服务了40年。
• She promised faithfully (= made a firm promise) that she would never leave him. 她郑重承诺永远不会离开他。
Yours faithfully mainly UK
■used at the end of a formal letter beginning with 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam' （用于正式信件结尾）您忠实的
  Common Learner Errors  faithfullyRemember: a formal letter should end with Yours faithfully or Your sincerely. If the letter is addressed to a particular person, don't write 'Yours faithfully', write Yours sincerely.
['feɪθ.fəl.i] adverb
ACCURATELY 准确地
■in a way that is true or accurate 真实地；准确地
• I always follow the instructions on medicine bottles faithfully (= exactly). 我总是完全遵照药瓶上的使用说明。
adv. 忠实地；如实地；诚心诚意地；深信着地
 - dutifully, devotedly

Word: frugality
Front: frugality
[frʊ'ɡælətɪ] (托 23149/37757)
Vocabulary: frugality
(once / 4630 pages)
n
If you try to avoid waste by reusing and repurposing items that most people would throw away, your frugality will save you money.
Some people use this word interchangeably with cheapness, but cheapness is an unwillingness to spend, while frugality is an unwillingness to waste. People who show frugality often find ways of making things useful that others do not. Even after the Depression ended, those who lived through it maintained their frugality, using old t-shirts for rags and washed-out cottage cheese containers instead of Tupperware.
WORD FAMILY
frugality: frugalities+/ frugal: frugalest, frugality, frugally, frugalness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The majority of individuals everywhere . . . seem to associate happiness more with extravagance than with frugality.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But Francis’s frugality and fondness for mingling with ordinary people predates him becoming pope.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Former U.S. senator and a two-term Ohio governor who preached frugality in his personal and public life and occasionally bucked the GOP establishment.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 节约，朴素，节俭
分布：节俭(91%)，俭省(9%)
节约(frugal节俭的)[-ality表名词"状态,性质"]
【反】profligacy（n 放荡；肆意挥霍）；extravagancy（n 挥霍）
n. 俭省，节俭
 - thrift, economical of

Word: greyhound
Front: greyhound
[ˈgreɪhaʊnd] (21056/14712 -1)
Back: n. 灰狗; 快速船
分布：灰狗(100%)
→来自古英语grighund.来自grig,母狗，拼写受grey 影响，-hund,狗，词源同hound.大多数这 种狗并非灰白色。
noun countable
■a type of dog that has a thin body and long thin legs and can run fast, especially in races （尤指赛狗用的）灵，灰狗
n. 灰狗（一种猎犬）；快速船
 - grayhound

Word: forcible
Front: forcible
[ˈfɔ:səbl] (托 24340/19379 -1)
Back: adj. 强迫的; 用暴力的; 强有力的; 有说服力的
分布：有说服力的(44%)，强制的(26%)，用力的(15%)，强迫的(15%)
US ['fɔ:r-] adjective
USING PHYSICAL POWER 使用身体的力量
■describes actions that involve the use of physical power or of violence 强行的，用暴力的
• The police's forcible entry into the building has come under a lot of criticism. 员警强行进入大楼的举动遭到了诸多批评。
UK ['fɔ:.sɪ.bl] US ['fɔ:r-] adjective
GIVING NO CHOICE 强行的
■happening or done against someone's wishes, especially with the use of physical force 强行的；（尤指）用暴力的
• There's a law to protect refugees from forcible return to countries where they face persecution. 有法律保护难民，以免他们被强行遣返回国遭受迫害。
adj. 强制的；暴力的；有说服力的；强有力的
 - violent, powerful, mandatory

Word: headset
Front: headset
[ˈhedset] (11219/26316)
Back: n. 戴在头上的耳机或听筒
分布：头戴式耳机(100%)
noun countable
■a set of headphones , especially one with a microphone fixed to it （尤指带有话筒的）一副耳机
n. 耳机； [电子] 头戴式受话器
 - phone, earphone

Word: hellenic

Word: holographic
Front: holographic
[ˌhɒləˈgræfɪk] (19397/36749)
Vocabulary: holographic
(once / 99322 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything holographic refers in some way to a hologram, which is a three-dimensional, projected image of something or someone.
At the beginning of the first Star Wars movie, there’s a holographic image of Princess Leia projected by R2D2. The image was a hologram: it’s not real, but it’s an accurate 3D image created by light beams. You can use the word holographic for anything pertaining to holograms, including the holographic device that creates the holographic image. The content of the hologram could be called a holographic message. The science of making holograms is called holography.
WORD FAMILY
holographic: holographical
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Gatebox, targeted at single young men, features a holographic character that talks and even texts you.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
In the holographic messages, Aldrin will share his personal experience and vision for sending humans to Mars and Watts will perform an improvisational song.
Time(Oct 13, 2016)
Besides a few holographic figures, Obduction is a lonely game, inviting players to piece together the lives of people who have long since disappeared.
The Verge(Sep 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 全息的，（遗嘱等）全部手写的
分布：全息的(88%)，亲笔书写的(12%)
→holo-,整个的，整体的，-graph,写。用于指物理三维成像图片。

Word: hyperactivity
Front: hyperactivity
[ˌhaɪpəræk'tɪvətɪ] (宝 16949/38350)
Back: n. 活动过度，极度活跃
分布：极度活跃(69%)，活动过度(31%)
ADJ
(人）过分活跃的，多动的
Someone who is hyperactive is unable to relax and is always moving about or doing things.
例：His research was used in planning treatments for hyperactive children.他的研究被用来为多动的儿童设计治疗方案。

Word: improvisation
Front: improvisation
[ˌɪmprəvaɪ'zeɪʃn] (9952/15361)
Vocabulary: improvisation
(once / 5925 pages)
n
Improvisation is making it up as you go along, like taking a long stroll with no destination in mind and walking down random streets for the fun of it.
Making choices that aren’t planned ahead of time, that’s improvisation. Jazz musicians are masters of improvisation, creating saxophone solos off the top of their heads based on what they feel in the moment. The Latin word improvisus means “unforeseen,” and improvisation happens when you can’t see the end goal but you keep moving ahead, dealing with obstacles in a creative way.
WORD FAMILY
improvisation: improvisations+/ improvise: improvisation, improvised, improvises, improvising
USAGE EXAMPLES
He received the title of Court Composer from the Elector of Saxony and, on a visit to Berlin, astonished Frederick the Great with his improvisations.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“There are distinct vocal challenges, both in range and improvisation.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Maduro’s latest economic experiment and the apparent improvisation tested the patience of many Venezuelans.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 即兴创作，即兴演说; 即兴作品; 急就章
分布：即兴创作(83%)，即席演奏(17%)
US [ɪmˌprɑ:.vɪ'-] noun countable or uncountable
■a performance which an actor, musician, etc. has not practiced or planned （演员）即兴表演；（音乐家）即兴创作
• a blues/jazz improvisation 即兴演奏的蓝调／爵士乐
• There are classes in movement, dance and improvisation. 有音乐、舞蹈和即兴表演方面的课程。
■when you make or do something with whatever is available at the time 临时凑合的事物（表示当下可用的事物）
• I'm afraid we don't have all the necessary equipment, so a little improvisation might be required. 恐怕我们的必需设备不全，所以我们可能需要把东西临时凑合一下。

Word: hypocrite
Front: hypocrite
[ˈhɪpəkrɪt] (宝 15627/16479)
Vocabulary: hypocrite
(once / 1164 pages)
n
A hypocrite preaches one thing, and does another. You're a hypocrite if you criticize other people for wearing fur, but pull out your big mink jacket as soon as it gets cold.
The word hypocrite is rooted in the Greek word hypokrites, which means “stage actor, pretender, dissembler.” So think of a hypocrite as a person who pretends to be a certain way, but really acts and believes the total opposite. Hypocrites usually talk a big talk but fail to follow their own rules — like an outspoken vegetarian who secretly eats bacon.
WORD FAMILY
hypocrite: hypocrites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hamilton was no apologist for Jefferson, whose politics were “tinctured with fanaticism,” and who was “a contemptible hypocrite.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“God doesn’t want me to be a hypocrite,” she said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
Resistance is for sore losers and hypocrites who would undermine democracy exactly as they accused the president-elect of wanting to do.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 伪君子，伪善者
分布：伪君子(80%)，伪善者(20%)
→词源同hypocrisy,伪善，虚伪。
伪君子(hypo在下面+crit+e评判→在背后评判别人→伪君子)[crit,cris=judge,discern,表示"判断,分辨"]
noun countable disapproving
■someone who says they have particular moral beliefs but behaves in way which shows these are not sincere 伪君子；伪善者（满口仁义道德，实际虚伪可耻的人）
• He's a hypocrite - he's always lecturing other people on the environment but he drives around in a huge great car. 他是个伪君子——他总教导别人要保护环境，但他自己却到处开着一辆废气排量很大的汽车。
n. 伪君子；伪善者
 - pseudo, dissembler

Word: inhospitable
Front: inhospitable
[ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl] (18654/19343)
Vocabulary: inhospitable
(once / 2953 pages)
adj
Inhospitable places aren't easy or comfortable to live in, and inhospitable people can be downright unfriendly — even hostile. A hotel is particularly inhospitable if it's got uncomfortable beds and grouchy desk clerks.
Northern Minnesota is inhospitable in January, and many parts of India are inhospitable in the summertime — they are harsh, difficult places for most people. You're inhospitable to a visitor in your home if you don't offer a drink or ask if they want to sit, or in other ways try to make them comfortable. To be hospitable is to be friendly or pleasant, and when you add the "not" prefix in-, you get inhospitable.
WORD FAMILY
inhospitable: inhospitableness, inhospitably, inhospitality+/ hospitable: hospitableness, hospitabler, hospitably, hospitality, inhospitable / hospitality: hospitalities/inhospitality: inhospitalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is, at certain times of the year, an easy access biosphere in inhospitable terrain.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
She was responsible for moving fuel through pipelines amongst the inhospitable jungle of the Truong Son Mountains.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Having proven itself inhospitable ground for Mr. Trump’s nativist campaign rhetoric, Virginia may take no more kindly to Mr. Stewart’s.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不好客的，不友好的; 不适于居住的
分布：不好客的(65%)，不适于居住的(35%)
→in-,不，非，hospitable,友好的。
/ˌɪn.hɑ:'spɪtˌ-] adjective
PERSON 人
■not welcoming or generous to people who visit you 不好客的；不殷勤待客的
• I'll have to cook them a meal or they'll think I'm inhospitable. 我要给他们做顿饭，否则他们会认为我不好客。
[ˌɪn.hɒs'pɪt.ə.bl] /ˌɪn.hɑ:'spɪtˌ-] adjective
PLACE 地区
■describes an area which is not suitable for humans to live in （地区）难以居住的，条件恶劣的
• They had to trek for miles through inhospitable countryside. 他们不得不在条件恶劣的乡野艰苦跋涉数英里。
adj. 荒凉的；冷淡的，不好客的；不适居留的
 - cold, wild, desert

Word: jenny
Front: jenny
[ˈdʒeni] (-/3882)
Back: n. <纺>早期的纺纱机; 雌鸟; 母驴; 母兽
分布：母驴(100%)
→来自常用女性名字Jane的昵称，字母J小写用来指母驴。
n. 早期的纺纱机；雌性动物； [机] 移动式起重机
 - female, she

Word: kennan

Word: karbala

Word: learner
Front: learner
[ˈlɜ:nə(r)] (5078/4900)
Back: n. 学习者，初学者
分布：学习者(100%)
→来自learn,学习。
US ['lɝ:.nɚ] noun countable
■a person who is still learning something 学习者
• He's a quick learner. 他学东西很快。
• mainly UK a learner driver 实习司机
student, learner, pupil, scholar
这组词都有“学生”的意思，其区别是：
student: 普通用词，可指中学生，但主要指高等学校或专科学校的学生。
learner: 通俗用词，指某一门学问上的初学者，尤指成年的初学者。
pupil: 特指中小学生，尤其是小学生。
scholar: 可指一切学生，尤指学识渊博的某一学科的学者。
n. 初学者，学习者
 - novice, beginner

Word: mellow
Front: mellow
[ˈmeləʊ] (13523/14871 -1)
Vocabulary: mellow
(once / 872 pages)
adjvadv
When something becomes mellow, it gets softer or more relaxed. People are often said to mellow with age, meaning their aggressiveness, their sarcasm, and their short temper have given way to a more easygoing, genial manner.
Wine and other foods mellow just like people, and can be described as "having mellowed" when they reach a full and pleasing flavor, without sharpness. The laid-back quality of jazz pieces like John Coltrane’s “My Favorite Things” is often described as mellow. Sometimes the musicians who play them are mellow too. When people are slightly and pleasantly intoxicated, they often claim to be feeling mellow, having attained a relaxed and agreeable state without even having to grow old.
WORD FAMILY
mellow: mellowed, mellower, mellowest, mellowing, mellowingly, mellowly, mellowness, mellows+/mellowness: mellownesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morrison began to mellow and succeeded in his role, she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But Bill still attends all practices and games, and he insists he hasn’t mellowed too much.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Do you play most of your golf alone, or is your usual foursome a mellow group?
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. （瓜，果等）成熟的; （酒）芳醇的; （颜色或声音）柔和的; 圆润的
v. （使）成熟; 变柔和; 使芳醇
时态：mellowed, mellowing, mellows
分布：成熟的(68%)，醇的(24%)，熟练的(8%)
→可能来自古英语melu,粉，来自mel,软的，词源同melt.后用于形容水果成熟的，松软的，醇香的，并引申词义甘美的。
US [-oʊ] adjective
SMOOTH 柔和的
■smooth, soft or developed; not too sharp, bright, new or rough 柔和的；温和的；芳醇的
• mellow flavours 芳醇的味道
• mellow sounds 柔和的声音
• mellow autumn sunlight 秋日柔和的阳光
UK ['mel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
RELAXED 放松的
■relaxed and pleasant or not severe 放松的；令人愉快的
• a mellow mood/atmosphere 轻松的心情／舒缓的气氛
• After a few drinks, he became very mellow. 几杯酒下肚后，他变得飘飘然起来。
UK ['mel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb
BECOME SOFTER 变柔和
intransitive
■to become softer and more developed in a pleasing way 变柔和；成熟
• The brickwork will mellow over the years so that it blends with the surroundings. 这座砖建筑物随着时间的流逝会变得古色古香，与周围的环境融为一体。
UK ['mel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb
BECOME RELAXED 放松
intransitive or transitive
■to become more relaxed 放松下来
• She used to be very impatient, but she's mellowed over time. 她过去很容易急躁起来，但随着时间过去她变得平和多了。
• The years have mellowed her. 岁月使她变得成熟稳重。
• US informal Oh don't be so tough on yourself, Bill - mellow out (= become more relaxed and less severe). 哦，别对自己那么苛刻，比尔，放松点。
adj. 圆润的，柔和的；成熟的；芳醇的
 - developed, adult, female, mature, delicate
vt. 使成熟；使柔和
 - age, ripen
vi. 成熟；变柔和
 - age, mature, flower

Word: manic
Front: manic
[ˈmænɪk] (13135/14704 -1)
Vocabulary: manic
(once / 880 pages)
adj
Manic means frenzied. If you drink 18 cups of coffee in a single sitting and haven't slept for three days, chances are you're manic.
If manic sounds like maniac to you, you're on the right track. Someone who is in a manic state is affected by mania. If you're manic you're in a wound-up, fast-acting, unhinged wild state. People with bi-polar disorder experience manic highs and terrible lows. Other things can be manic, like the pace of city life, or the insane outfit you're wearing with seven different colors and eight different patterns. Have you lost your mind?
WORD FAMILY
manic: mania, manically, maniclike+/ mania: maniac, manias/ maniac: maniacal, maniacs/ maniacal: maniacally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patient’s strong emotional ties with his manic phase were very evident.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“But normalcy is so much preferable, being able to remember what did — I tend to forget manic episodes.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Stephen Fry visits a manic Fisher at home.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. <医>躁狂的，患躁狂病的; 疯狂的
n. 躁狂者
分布：狂躁的(100%)
→来自mania,发狂，-ic,形容词后缀。
adjective
■very excited or anxious (= worried and nervous) in a way that causes you to be very physically active 十分兴奋的；躁狂的；焦躁不安的
• He's a bit manic - I wish he'd calm down. 他有些焦躁不安——我希望他能平静下来。
adj. 躁狂的；狂热的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic

Word: louse
Front: louse
[laʊs] (15198/15228 -1)
Vocabulary: louse
(once / 2063 pages)
n
A louse is a tiny insect that lives on the skin of animals and people. If you find a louse in your hair, you'll have to treat your scalp to get rid of any of its friends that might still be lurking there.
Since they tend to travel in groups, the plural form of louse, lice, is much more common than the singular. Lice are small parasites that live on skin cells, blood, or other tiny bits of some host animal. If you're the host animal, you'll probably have an itchy head, and anyone who borrows your pillow or wears your hat will likely get lice too. A louse, informally, is also "an obnoxious person."
WORD FAMILY
louse: delouse, lice, louses, lousy +/delouse: deloused, delouses, delousing/ lousy: lousier, lousiest, lousiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shepherd teaches lice removal in Florida with a weeklong hands-on training, Lynch said.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
The youngsters were found hungry, infested with lice and ill-clothed, he said.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But there was good news for groomers too - because their habit was found to protect against pubic lice.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 虱子; 寄生虫; 卑鄙的家伙
vt. 搞糟，办砸; 捉虱子，除虱子
分布：虱子(67%)，卑鄙的家伙(12%)，寄生虫(12%)，弄砸(9%)
→来自lus,虱子。其复词形式为lice.
noun countable (plural lice)
■a very small insect that lives on the bodies or in the hair of people and animals 虱子
[laʊs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] louse (sth) up mainly US informal
■to spoil something or cause it to fail 破坏，搞砸，弄糟
• This is a great opportunity, so don't louse it up. 这是个好机会，不要搞砸了。
n. 虱子；寄生虫；卑鄙的家伙
 - cootie, parasite
vt. 搞糟；清除（虱子）
 - make a mess of, foul up

Word: lookout
Front: lookout
[ˈlʊkaʊt] (10483/14006 -1)
Vocabulary: lookout
(once / 1017 pages)
n
The neighborhood kids might use a tree house as a lookout, from which they can keep an eye out for the local bully.
A lookout is usually so high that a person can see for a long distance in many directions when she stands on or in it. Armies sometimes use lookouts to scout for approaching troops, and navy ships include a lookout at the top of a tall mast, also called a "crow's nest." Lookout can also be spelled as a hyphenated word, "look-out," and used as well to refer to the person whose job it is to stay in the lookout and keep watch.
WORD FAMILY
lookout: lookouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The hike begins at Cape Lookout State Park’s main trailhead south of Tillamook.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
No permit is now required for those who use ORVs for surf fishing and other recreational uses along Core Banks at Cape Lookout.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Be on the lookout for sales of used or refurbished electronics from reputable brands like Apple, GameStop, Amazon and Gazelle.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 守望; 远景，前途; 瞭望台; 警戒
分布：注意(69%)，瞭望员(14%)，瞭望台(14%)，是某人自己的事(3%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
■a person who watches for danger 放哨者，望风者
■a high place where a person can look at what is happening in the area around them, especially in order to watch for any danger （尤指防备危险的）了望塔，了望台
be on the lookout for sth/sb
■to search for something or someone 寻找，查找，搜索
• I'm always on the lookout for interesting new recipes. 我总是热衷于寻找新的有意思的食谱。
keep a lookout for sth/sb
■to continue to watch carefully for something or someone, especially in order to avoid danger （尤指为防备危险而）继续密切注意，继续关注
• Keep a lookout for small objects that a baby might swallow. 注意不要让婴儿吞食小东西。
['lʊk.aʊt] noun countable
it's your own lookout UK informal
■said to someone in order to tell them that they are responsible for their own problems 是你自己的责任，都怪你自己
• It's your own lookout if you're not properly insured. 没有适当投保是你自己的责任。
n. [军] 监视；监视哨；警戒；守望者；担心的事
 - observation, monitoring, surveillance, guard, watch

Word: molotov

Word: overdose
Front: overdose
[ˈəʊvədəʊs] (宝 13149/12595 -1)
Back: n. 过量用药
vi. 用药过量
vt. 给服过量的药
时态：overdosed, overdosing, overdoses
分布：过量(96%)，配药量过多(4%)
→over-,超过，过度，dose,剂量。
药物过量(over+dose剂量)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
【记】over过分，dose剂量
【参】overdue（adj 迟到的；过期的）；overemphasize（v 过分强调）；overestimate（v 评价过高）
US ['oʊ.vɚ.doʊs] noun countable (informal OD)
■too much of a drug taken or given at one time, either intentionally or by accident （一次用药的）过量，超剂量
• When he was 17 he took an overdose of sleeping pills and nearly died. 他17岁时吃了过量安眠药，险些丧命。
• Jimi Hendrix died of a drug(s) overdose. 杰米‧亨德里克斯死于吸毒过量。
■humorous
■too much of something 过量，太多
• I was suffering from an overdose of culture. 太多的文化资讯令我应接不暇。
UK ['əʊ.və.dəʊs] US ['oʊ.vɚ.doʊs] verb intransitive (informal OD)
■to take too much of a drug 过量服药
• She overdosed on aspirin and died. 她服用了过量的阿斯匹灵致死。
■humorous
■to have too much of something 吃得太多
• I think I've just overdosed on cheesecake! 我想我是吃得太多起司蛋糕了！

Word: nebulous
Front: nebulous
[ˈnebjələs] (宝 19938/19603)
Vocabulary: nebulous
(once / 4603 pages)
adj
Something that's nebulous is clouded or hazy. When you walk through the woods on a foggy morning, the trees may all have a mysterious, nebulous look to them.
When you fly in a plane on an overcast day, the land below you looks nebulous and indistinct. You can also use nebulous in a more figurative way, to describe vague ideas or fuzzy concepts. Nebulous comes from the Latin nebulosus, "cloudy, misty, or foggy." Its root is nebula, which is "vapor or fog" in Latin and was adopted by astronomers in the 1700s to mean "a cloud of gas and dust in outer space."
WORD FAMILY
nebulous: nebulously+/ nebula: nebulae, nebular, nebulas, nebulous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pearl Jam lives up to the requirement that Rock Hall inductees demonstrate the nebulous “musical excellence.”
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Charlotte was more smug about her plot to safeguard Ford’s intellectual property than Logan was about his nebulous military title.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
Since then, the designation has grown more nebulous, applied to cities providing a variety of protections.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 云雾状的; 星云的; 朦胧的; 模糊的
分布：朦胧的(34%)，模糊的(32%)，星云的(26%)，星云状的(8%)
→来自nebula,星云。引申词义云雾状的，模糊的。
星云的;朦胧的[nebul=cloud(云)]
【记】源于：nebula（n 星云）读：奶bull，ous－奶奶被公牛撞得血肉模糊－模糊的
【反】distinct＝limpid＝pellucid（adj 清楚的）；clear-cut（adj 轮廓鲜明的）
adjective
■(especially of ideas) not clear and having no form （尤指想法）模糊不清的，含糊的
• She has a few nebulous ideas about what she might like to do in the future, but nothing definite. 她对自己将来要做甚么有些模糊的想法，但都不确定。
adj. 朦胧的；星云的，星云状的
 - hazy, shadowy

Word: orator
Front: orator
[ˈɒrətə(r)] (托 18117/19398)
Vocabulary: orator
(once / 526 pages)
n
A person giving a speech is called an orator, like the gifted orator who raised excellent points, making everyone in the audience want to join his revolution.
The noun orator traces back to the Latin word orare, meaning to “speak before a court or assembly, plead.” Orator is really just a formal way of saying “speaker.” Technically, you can use it to describe anyone who is giving a speech, whether it’s a speaker at the United Nations or a classmate giving a short presentation. However, orator often implies that the speaker is particularly gifted.
WORD FAMILY
orator: orators+/ orate: orated, orates, orating, oration, orator, oratory / oration: orations/oratorical: oratorically/ oratory: oratorical, oratories
USAGE EXAMPLES
He soon emerged as one of the most effective writers and orators in the movement to abolish slavery.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
We were bombarded by the famous close-ups, the profile, the orator before vast crowds, the man apart.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Trudeau was heavily criticized on Saturday for describing Castro as a “legendary revolutionary and orator” and “a remarkable leader” in a statement.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 演说者，演讲家
分布：演说者(41%)，演讲者(33%)，雄辩家(26%)
→来自拉丁语orare演讲，演说，词源同oral,oration.
演说家(orat+or人→用嘴巴的人)[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
US ['ɔ:r.ə.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who is good at public speaking 演说家（善于公开演说的人）
• a skilled orator 老练的演说家
n. 演说者；演讲者；雄辩家；原告
 - plaintiff, lecturer

Word: necklace
Front: necklace
[ˈnekləs] (高研四六 6583/10178 -1)
Back: n. 项链
分布：项链(100%)
→neck,脖子，lace,带子。引申词义项链。
n.项链,项圈The girl is wearing a necklace.女孩戴了一条项链.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of jewellery worn around the neck, such as a chain or a string of decorative stones, beads , etc 项链
• a gold/silver/pearl necklace 金／银／珍珠项链
['nek.ləs] verb transitive
■to kill someone by putting a burning rubber tyre around their neck 给（某人）戴火项链（把燃烧的橡皮轮胎套在脖子上将其烧死）

Word: panoply
Front: panoply
[ˈpænəpli] (20691/32618)
Vocabulary: panoply
(once / 7159 pages)
n
A panoply is a collection or an assortment of things. You might be eager to show off your panoply of bobble-head dolls when friends come to your house.
An array or display of things is a panoply, so you can show off your panoply of spooky clown paintings, but you can also display a panoply of dance moves or talk about the panoply of flags at the parade — as long as it's a complete or impressive display, it's a true panoply. In ancient Greece, the word was used exclusively to talk about military costumes which were always suits of armor.
WORD FAMILY
panoply: panoplies
USAGE EXAMPLES
What they really wanted was the full panoply of utility regulation under Title II of the 1934 Communications Act.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
But a panoply of deductions and credits keeps firms’ bills down.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Slate and Panoply just so happen to be hiring.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 全套礼服; 盛装; 全副甲胄; 雄伟的阵式
分布：全副盔甲(39%)，盛装(33%)，壮丽的陈列(14%)，防护物(14%)
→来自希腊语panoplia,全套武器装备，全套甲胄，来自pan-,全部，所有，hopla,武器装备，词源同hoplite.引申词义全套收藏品，壮观的收藏。
全副武装(pan全部,全身都是盔甲)[opl=armor(盔甲)]
['pæn.ə.pli] formal
noun only singular
■a wide range or collection of different things 琳琅满目；数量繁多
• There is a whole panoply of remedies and drugs available to the modern doctor. 当今有各式各样的治疗方法和药物可供医生选择。

Word: patriarchal
Front: patriarchal
[ˌpeɪtriˈɑ:kl] (托 10205/12698 -1)
Vocabulary: patriarchal
(once / 2540 pages)
adj
A patriarchal system is one run by men. Traditionally, most societies have been patriarchal, but it's now considered sexist and unfair.
The patriarchal way used to be pretty much the only way: countries and societies were run by men. The U.S. was very patriarchal, especially when women couldn't even vote. Over time, these things change, though probably not fast enough. These days, calling a country or business patriarchal is usually an insult — it implies that women aren't being treated equally.
WORD FAMILY
patriarchal: patriarchally+/ patriarch: patriarchal, patriarches, patriarchs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The theater world is very patriarchal,” she said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The problem is that India is typically patriarchal, and women in public space are not easily accepted,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Don’t let anyone tell you that makeup is a foundation of patriarchal oppression; makeup is war paint.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 家长的; 族长的; 父权的; 父系
分布：家长的(40%)，族长的(40%)，由族长统治的(20%)
[见上,－al...的]家长的;族长的;家长似的[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
US [-'ɑ:r-] adjective
■ruled or controlled by men 父权制的，男性主宰统治的
• patriarchal structure 父权结构
• a patriarchal society 父权社会

Word: rumpus
Front: rumpus
[ˈrʌmpəs] (32618/33082)
Vocabulary: rumpus
(once / 10697 pages)
nv
A rumpus is an uproar or a commotion. Setting a litter of excited puppies loose in a kindergarten classroom would be sure to cause a rumpus.
While a rumpus can be loud and boisterous, like the rumpus underneath a piñata in the midst of a huge birthday party, others take the form of heated arguments. This kind of rumpus might occur during a political scandal, for example. Experts guess that the informal rumpus might come from the now-obsolete word robustious, which means "boisterous or noisy." In the mid-twentieth century, children's playrooms began to be called "rumpus rooms."
WORD FAMILY
rumpus: rumpused, rumpuses, rumpusing, rumpussed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Vardalos plays a character modeled on Ms. Strayed’s Rumpus advice columnist, Sugar.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Let the wild rumpus of the Trump presidency begin.
The Guardian(Nov 09, 2016)
The rumpus is that they’ve already won at Chelsea and Arsenal, outplayed Spurs at White Hart Lane and scored 16 goals in six games.
The Guardian(Oct 01, 2016)
Back: n. <口>喧嚣，吵闹
分布：吵闹(53%)，喧闹(47%)
['rʌm.pəs] informal
noun only singular
■a lot of noise, especially a loud and confused argument or complaint 喧闹，闹轰轰；（尤指混乱的）争吵，抱怨
• There was a real rumpus going on in the house next door last night. 昨天夜里隔壁一家吵得不可开交。
['rʌm.pəs] informal
noun only singular
raise a rumpus (UK also kick up a rumpus)
■to make a forceful complaint 抗议；抱怨；投诉
• You should raise a rumpus about the lack of safety routines here. 这里连常规的安全措施都没有，你应该对此提出抗议。
n. 喧闹；骚乱
 - disturbance, disorder, turbulence

Word: potion
Front: potion
[ˈpəʊʃn] (雅 15221/15800 -1)
Vocabulary: potion
(once / 3680 pages)
n
If you meet up with any witches on Halloween, don’t drink the potion they offer you. This liquid could be poisonous, magical, or it could simply taste very strange.
While a potion can be any drinkable liquid, it usually refers to medicinal concoctions or mysterious brews, as found in fairy tales and fables. This noun is related to the Latin verb, potare, which means, “to drink.” You might also notice its similarity to the adjective potable, another word for “drinkable.” Some common types you may read about or hear about are “sleeping potions,” “love potions,” and “magic potions.”
WORD FAMILY
potion: potions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Apple Watch version will let you discover nearby Pokemon and collect special items, such as potions, from nearby “PokeStops.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
This is after two weeks of rituals including long walks in the forest gathering bark for potions and confessional sessions in smoke-filled tents.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
And yet, the same elites who helped brew that dangerous potion want to create new spirits to toss into the mix.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. （药的）一服，一剂
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语potionem,一服药，一口，魔水，来自potare,饮，喝，来自poi,饮，喝，词源同potable,imbibe.
一副药水(pot+ion→喝下去的[药水])[pot=drink,表示"喝"]
US ['poʊ-] noun countable
■a liquid that is believed to have a magical effect on someone who drinks it 魔水；药剂
• a love/magic potion 春药／魔水
■mainly disapproving
■a liquid or substance that is said to cure an illness or a condition, but which is not a medicine （有疗效的）饮剂，饮品
• Americans are said to spend more on pills and potions than any other nation. 据说美国人在药品和饮剂上的开销比其他任何国家的人都多。
n. 一剂；一服；饮剂
 - dose, potus

Word: rainwater
Front: rainwater
[ˈreɪnwɔ:tə(r)] (雅 14118/15583)
Back: n. 雨水，软水
分布：雨水(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
雨水
Rainwater is water that has fallen as rain.
n. 雨水；软水
 - the rains, stormwater

Word: sneeze
Front: sneeze
[sni:z] (高研六 12750/15926 -1)
Back: n. 喷嚏; 喷嚏声
vi. 打喷嚏
时态：sneezed, sneezing, sneezes
分布：喷嚏(57%)，打喷嚏(43%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.
vi.打喷嚏,发喷嚏声n.喷嚏When you have a cold, you sneeze a lot.感冒时,要打很多喷嚏.
verb intransitive
 IMPROVER
■When you sneeze, air and often small drops of liquid suddenly come out of your nose and mouth in a way you cannot control 打喷嚏
• Cats make him sneeze - I think he's allergic to the fur. 猫会使他打喷嚏——我想他对猫毛过敏。
[sni:z] verb intransitive
not to be sneezed at informal
■If you say that something, especially an amount of money, is not to be sneezed at, you mean that it is a large enough amount to be worth having （尤指某笔钱款）不可轻视，不是个小数目
• Well, a 5% pay increase means an extra £700 a year which is not to be sneezed at! 嗯，加薪5％意味着每年多出700英镑的收入，这可不是笔小数目啊！
[sni:z] noun countable
■an act or sound of sneezing 喷嚏
• He's got all the classic symptoms of a cold - the coughs and sneezes and the sore throat. 他具备感冒的所有典型症状——咳嗽、打喷嚏和喉咙痛。
vi. 打喷嚏
 - neeze
n. 喷嚏
 - sternutation

Word: socket
Front: socket
[ˈsɒkɪt] (高 8195/5776 -1)
Back: n. 插座; 灯座; 窝，穴; [解]眼窝，孔窝
vt. 把…装入插座; 给…配插座
分布：插座(77%)，窝(11%)，插口(10%)，装上或插入插座(1%)，穴孔(1%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 soket,犁桦，犁尖，小词形式于古法语 soc,犁桦，可能最终来自 su,猪， 词源同 sow,swine.即像个猪鼻子，后引申词义孔，槽，窝，穴以及现代词义插座，字面意思 即犁挖的小洞。
US ['sɑ:.kɪt] noun countable
ELECTRICAL 电的
■the part of a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, into which another part fits 插座；插槽
• an electrical socket 电插座
• a light socket 灯头
• He had forgotten to plug the television into the wall / UKmains socket. 他忘了把电视机插头插进墙上的插座里。
• The air freshener plugs into a car's lighter socket. 空气清新器插头插在汽车点烟器插孔里。
UK ['sɒk.ɪt] US ['sɑ:.kɪt] noun countable
BODY PART 身体
■a part of the body into which another part fits （人体的）槽，臼
• a tooth/eye socket 牙槽／眼窝
• a ball-and -socket joint like the hip joint 像髋关节似的球窝关节
n. [电] 插座； [解剖] 窝，穴；牙糟
 - jack, hole

Word: sinclair

Word: secrete
Front: secrete
[sɪˈkri:t] (托宝 15024/12207 -1)
Vocabulary: secrete
(once / 741 pages)
1v 2v
Secrete is all about secrets. It means both "to hide" and "to release." When you squeeze a lemon, it secretes juice. When you stuff your money in a mattress, you secrete it there.
It's easy to remember that secrete's all about secrets when you see the word secret inside secrete. Imagine the first person who squeezed a lemon and secreted the juice. Probably felt like he'd discovered a secret stash of citrus goodness. If he was greedy, maybe he gathered all the lemons he could find and secreted them away in a box so no one else would learn the secret of the juice-secretion.
WORD FAMILY
secrete: secreted, secretes, secreting, secretion, secretive, secretor+/ secretion: hypersecretion, secretions/secretive: secretively, secretiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Finance Ministry found enormous stashes of new currency bills secreted away by corrupt bank managers.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Many types of neural stem cell secrete a mix of molecules that unlock suppressed growth pathways in nerves.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Among the liver’s many jobs is making bile, a substance secreted into the intestine to break down the fats and oils in food.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. [生]分泌; 隐匿，隐藏; 私下侵吞
时态：secreted, secreting, secretes
分布：分泌(88%)，隐藏(8%)，隐匿(4%)
分泌;藏匿(se+crete分辨→分辨开→分泌;藏起来;)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
【记】源于：secret（adj 秘密的），e－隐藏，记住还有“分泌”的意思
【反】absorb（v 吸收）
verb transitive
PRODUCE 产生 specialized
■(of animals or plants or their cells) to produce and release a liquid （动植物或其细胞）分泌
• Saliva is a liquid secreted by glands in or near the mouth. 唾液是由嘴中或嘴部周围的腺体分泌的一种液体。
[sɪ'kri:t] verb transitive
HIDE 隐藏 formal
■to put something in a place where it is unlikely to be found 隐藏；隐匿
• He was arrested at the airport with a kilo of heroin secreted in his clothing. 他在机场被捕时衣服里藏了一公斤海洛因。
vt. 分泌；藏匿；私下侵吞
 - excrete

Word: seaport
Front: seaport
[ˈsi:pɔ:t] (四六托 21035/32866)
Back: n. 海港; 港口都市
分布：海港(100%)
US [-pɔ:rt] noun countable
■(a city or town with) a port which can be used by ships 海港（城市）
port, seaport, harbour, pier, wharf
这组词都有“港，港口，码头”的意思，其区别是：
port: 多指人工港口，还可指有港口的市。
seaport: 指港埠。
harbour: 一般用词，指停泊船只、装卸货物的天然或人工港口。
pier: 专指与海岸成直角形而突出的码头，可供旅客，货物上下船或供人散步用。
wharf: 指船只停泊装卸货物的码头。
n. 海港；港口都市
 - harbor, ocean port

Word: spotless
Front: spotless
[ˈspɒtləs] (托 16294/19332)
Back: adj. 极其清洁的; 一尘不染的; （人）无瑕疵的; 纯洁的
分布：无可挑剔的(40%)，无污点的(25%)，洁白无瑕的(15%)，无缺点的(10%)，非常洁净的(10%)
→spot,斑点，污迹，-less,无，没有。
US ['spɑ:t-] adjective
CLEAN 干净的
■extremely clean 一尘不染的；极清洁的
• Her home is spotless. 她的家里纤尘不染。
UK ['spɒt.ləs] US ['spɑ:t-] adjective
GOOD 好的
spotless character/record/reputation, etc.
■a very good and honest character, etc 没有任何污点的品德／记录／名誉等
• She was young and pretty, with a spotless reputation. 她年轻漂亮，声誉清白。
adj. 无可挑剔的；无瑕疵的；纯洁的
 - stainless, pure, white

Word: specialty
Front: specialty
[ˈspeʃəlti] (托 4553/17206 -1)
Vocabulary: specialty
(once / 1425 pages)
n
A specialty is someone's strong suit or area of expertise. A restaurant’s best dish would be its specialty. If you love baking muffins, make that your specialty.
Magic Johnson was a great overall basketball player, but his specialty was passing the ball to teammates and getting assists. A specialty is a skill, strength, or asset someone has because of hard work. A doctor can have a specialty such as cardiology. A restaurant will usually have a specialty, which is a unique meal they're known for making. Just like special things have something unique or great about them, specialties are something a person or place does well.
WORD FAMILY
specialty: specialties
USAGE EXAMPLES
We feasted: beer, wine, Prosecco and mountains of lobster, shrimp, sardines, and anchovies, a local specialty.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Physicians, who pursue residencies for advanced specialty training under supervision, soon after graduation, earn an average first-year salary of $52,200.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Year-round supply would also help these cheeses break into supermarkets; currently, the low volume and high prices limit sales primarily to specialty stores.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 专业，专长; 特点，特别事项; 特性，特质; <律>盖印的契约
adj. 特色的; 专门的; 独立的
分布：专业(67%)，专长(15%)，特产(13%)，特性(3%)，特别(2%)
→special,特殊的，特别的，-ty,名词后缀。
特长(special特别)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
US [-i] noun countable US for speciality or specialism
n. 专业，专长；特产；特性；招牌菜
 - profession, quality, identity, character, tang
adj. 特色的；专门的；独立的
 - technical, independent, express

Word: substandard
Front: substandard
[ˌsʌb'stændəd] (16928/21852)
Vocabulary: substandard
(once / 24522 pages)
adj
Something substandard is below standard — it’s shoddy or inferior. If your final paper for honors English class is scribbled on a torn sheet of notebook paper, that’s substandard work that you’ll probably have to do over.
A standard is a quality by which something is judged, and sub can mean “under” like a submarine that goes under water. So things that are substandard fall below most people's standards — they're deficient in some way. A computer that stops working after two weeks is substandard. A car with faulty brakes is substandard. Substandard things are the opposite of well-made things. Turning in substandard work is a good way to get a bad grade.
WORD FAMILY
standard: nonstandard, standardise, standardize, standards, substandard +/standardise: standardisation, standardised, standardiser, standardising/standardization: standardizations/ standardize: standardization, standardized, standardizer, standardizes, standardizing/standardizer: standardizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company determined the 2015 accident was caused by the rupture of a substandard metal piece supporting a pressurized helium vessel.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
“Families living in unaffordable housing are at a higher risk of being evicted, moving frequently, living in crowded or substandard conditions, or becoming homeless.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Meals in prisons are often substandard and need a nutritional overhaul, says the writer and campaigner Lucy Vincent.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不够标准的，在标准以下的; 低等级标准
分布：标准以下的(53%)，不合规格的(47%)
→sub-,低于，亚于，standard,标准。
US [-dɚd] adjective
■below a satisfactory standard 低于标准的，不合格的
• substandard housing/accommodation 不符合标准的住宅／住处
• substandard work/goods 做得不合格的工作／不合格的商品

Word: tawdry
Front: tawdry
[ˈtɔ:dri] (宝 21233/21616)
Vocabulary: tawdry
(once / 4048 pages)
adj
Tawdry means cheap, shoddy, or tasteless. It can be used to describe almost anything from clothes to people to even events or affairs.
You know that shiny black slip you picked up for nothing at a garage sale and used as the skirt of your lion-tamer Halloween costume? It's a bit tawdry. But it would really be tawdry if you wore it on a regular day out. Tawdry things often have a hint of desperation and immorality — like tawdry extramarital affairs or tawdry tales. With tawdry decorations and jewelry, quality has been exchanged for lots of flash and shine.
WORD FAMILY
tawdry: tawdrier, tawdriest, tawdrily, tawdriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I became a collector of all this tawdry used signage,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That TV world where no self–promotion is too tawdry, and morality is for wimps?
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
We met for dinner at an Italian restaurant in Getsemani, a spirited neighborhood emerging from a tawdry period.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 俗丽的，华而不实的
n. 廉价而俗丽之物; 俗丽的服饰
adv. 俗丽地，华而不实地
分布：廉价而俗丽的(50%)，非常华丽的(50%)
→来自 tawdry,女用丝巾，缩写自 tawdry lace,改写自 St.Audrey' lace,来自英国 7 世纪北方王国 Northumbria 皇后 St.Audrey,在其纪念日 Oct.17 每年集会通常会有类似丝巾出售，据说是因 于她喉咙上长有一个肿瘤，因此需佩带丝巾遮盖，她最后也死于该肿瘤。由于戴这种丝巾的 人太多，引申词义俗气的，花里故哨的。
【记】tawd＝toad（n 癞蛤蟆），ry：看着象青蛙，其实是癞蛤蟆－俗丽的
【反】exquisite（adj 优美高雅的）
US ['tɑ:-] adjective
■looking bright and attractive but in fact cheap and of low quality 俗艳而不值钱的
adj. 非常华丽的；廉价而俗丽的
 - brummagem
n. 俗丽的东西；廉价而俗丽之物
 - tinsel

Word: unassuming
Front: unassuming
[ˌʌnəˈsju:mɪŋ] (宝 15838/18906)
Vocabulary: unassuming
(once / 4019 pages)
adj
The word unassuming means modest, lacking in arrogance, pleasant, or polite. You'll find that some of the most unassuming people are actually the most interesting and powerful of all. They're just decent enough not to display it all the time.
It's been said that when you assume, you make an ass of you and me: that's because when you assume you draw conclusions that you shouldn't. If you're unassuming, you don't make that mistake. Even though he was a rock star, I found Jason to be unassuming and delightful. He treated everyone like a friend. It's the height of irony that the real Wizard of Oz turns out to be an unassuming country gentleman, when the image he projected was of fearsome, raw, tyrannical power.
WORD FAMILY
unassuming: unassumingly, unassumingness+/ assume: assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptive, re-assume/ assumed: assumedly/ assuming: assumingly, unassuming / assumption: assumptions/re-assume: re-assuming
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tim Duncan’s exit, in comparison, was more in line with his private, unassuming personality.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But the most striking aspect of this film’s aesthetic — a better word might be temperament — is its gentle, unassuming modesty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In her simple, unassuming plaid dress and smart-girl cat’s-eye glasses, she’s about to challenge their world—and change it for the better.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 谦逊的，不装腔作势的，不招摇的; 平易
分布：谦逊的(84%)，不装腔作势的(16%)
不摆架子的(un+assuming自以为是的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，assuming（adj 傲慢不逊的）：谦逊的
【参】assume（v 假定；采取）
US [-'su:-] approving
adjective
■Someone who is unassuming is quiet and shows no wish for attention or admiration （人）不爱出风头的，谦逊的
• He was shy and unassuming and not at all how you expect an actor to be. 他腼腆低调，一点儿也不像你想像中的演员的样子。
adj. 谦逊的；不装腔作势的；不出风头的
 - modest, unpretentious

Word: twig
Front: twig
[twɪg] (托雅宝 9522/8838 -1)
Back: n. 细枝，嫩枝
v. 理解，明白
时态：twigged, twigging, twigs
分布：嫩枝(33%)，小枝(27%)，领悟(20%)，理解(20%)
→来自古英语 twig,细枝，小枝，来自 Proto-Germanic*twigga,叉子，分叉，来自 dwo,二， 词源同 two.
noun countable
■a small thin branch of a tree or bush, especially one removed from the tree or bush and without any leaves 细枝，嫩枝
• We collected dry twigs to start the fire. 我们捡干的细树枝生火。
[twɪg] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-) informal
■to suddenly realize something （突然）懂得，明白，领悟
• [+ question word] Then he twigged wh at I meant. 然后他一下子明白了我的意思。
• She's six months pregnant and he still hasn't twigged. 她怀孕六个月了，可他还没意识到。
vi. 理解
 - cotton on, get at
vt. 理解
 - see, absorb, read, seize, cotton on
n. 小枝；嫩枝；末梢
 - shoots, ramulus

Word: uneducated
Front: uneducated
[ʌnˈedʒukeɪtɪd] (15694/19009)
Back: adj. 未受良好教育的; 缺乏教养的; 未受过正规教育的; 没上过学的
分布：无知的(73%)，没受教育的(12%)，缺乏教养的(9%)，文盲的(6%)
未受教育的(un+educated有教养的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■having received little or no education 未受教育的；缺乏教育的
adj. 无知的；未受教育的
 - dark, empty, ignorant, innocent

Word: vend
Front: vend
[vend] (17739/34172)
Vocabulary: vend
(once / 1176 pages)
v
When you vend, you sell something — for example, you might have a table at a crafts fair where you vend your line of hand-knit dog clothing.
Typically, the verb vend is used when the seller is on the move in some way, setting up a stall in a street fair or hawking homemade cupcakes out of a minivan at high school football games. Another way to use vend is specifically "to sell something out of a machine," like the kind you put a dollar in and get a bag of chips in return. The Latin root is vendere, "to sell."
WORD FAMILY
vend: vendable, vended, vender, vendible, vending, vendition, vendor, vends+/vender: venders/vendible: unvendible, vendiblest/ vendor: vendors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When they got a new vending machine, it felt like new furniture in my house,” Harriet said.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
The farm, which began offering unpasteurised milk from its vending machine in March, sold about 70 litres a day.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The expansive market, Mexico’s largest and best-known fireworks bazaar, hosted some 300 vending stalls.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 出售（尤指土地等财产）; （尤指在公共场所）贩卖; 发表（意见，言论）; 声明
时态：vended, vending, vends
分布：出售(86%)，叫卖(14%)
→缩写自拉丁语venumdare,出售，售卖，来自venum,出售，dare,给予，词源同donate.
vi. 出售
 - sell, bring to market, go to sb for
vt. 出售；公开发表
 - bring to market, go to sb for

Word: unencumbered
Front: unencumbered
[ˌʌnɪnˈkʌmbəd] (19972/24227)
Vocabulary: unencumbered
(once / 10442 pages)
adj
When you're unencumbered, you're free of baggage: either you literally don't have a lot of stuff to carry, or you're emotionally care-free.
This word has two closely related uses. A person is unencumbered when they're traveling light — they're not struggling to carry 5 suitcases. But if you have no worries or responsibilities, you're also unencumbered — nothing is weighing on your mind. In both senses being unencumbered means you feel light: either literally or emotionally.
WORD FAMILY
encumbered: unencumbered +/cumber: cumbered, cumbering, cumbers, encumber /disencumber: disencumbered, disencumbering, disencumbers/ encumber: disencumber, encumbered, encumbering, encumbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were the looser team, unencumbered with thoughts of postseason berths and playoff runs.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The filmmakers were unencumbered by American censorship standards, and Ms. Tovar recalled spending much of the film swanning about in a transparent negligee.
Washington Post(Nov 13, 2016)
Unencumbered by emotional clutter, Williams’s interpretations reveal the music’s contours and textures with the precision of a sharp photograph.
Washington Post(Oct 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有阻碍的，不受妨碍的; 无负担的; 没有作为抵押的
分布：没有阻碍的(58%)，没有负担的(42%)
【记】un不，encumber（v 阻碍），ed：没有阻碍的en进去，cumb躺，er：躺进去－阻碍
adj. 没有阻碍的； [经] 没有负担的；不受妨碍的
 - unhindered

Word: unpatriotic
Front: unpatriotic
[ˌʌnˌpætriˈɒtɪk] (21817/35388)
Back: adj. 不爱国的，无爱国心的
分布：不爱国的(72%)，无爱国心的(28%)
(un-不,见上)不爱国的[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]

Word: vicinity
Front: vicinity
[vəˈsɪnəti] (研六托雅宝 9483/7578 -1)
Vocabulary: vicinity
(once / 439 pages)
n
If something is in your vicinity, it's in the surrounding area or nearby region — it's in the neighborhood, so to speak. If there's a garbage dump in your vicinity, you'll certainly smell it.
The noun vicinity evolved from the Latin vicinitas, which means “of or pertaining to neighbors or a neighborhood.” Not until 1796 did the word expand in meaning to also describe a “surrounding district.” Said American author Washington Irving, “A kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity freshen into smiles.” Slang for vicinity include neck of the woods and turf.
WORD FAMILY
vicinity: vicinities+/vicinal: vicinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the search is at some distance from the enclosures, the dolphins would be initially transported by boat to the general vicinity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Russian Foreign Ministry said that a mortar round landed in the embassy courtyard but did not explode and that another fell in the vicinity.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Marissen identifies himself as an agnostic, but adds that in the vicinity of Bach’s music he will never be a “comfortable agnostic.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 附近，邻近; 附近地区; 大约的程度或者数量; 〈罕〉近亲
分布：邻近(86%)，周边地区(14%)
→来自weik,宗族，村落，家庭，社会单位，词源同village,economy,Greenwick。引申词义临近地区，附近。
n.邻近,附近The pious man is dubious about the vicious civilian's vivid description of his vicinity to his wife.虔诚的男子对邪恶的平民生动的描述他与其妻子的密切(关系)半信半疑.
【记】vic＝vice（n 罪恶），in，ity－罪恶的小人一般都在邻近地区
【参】vicinage（n 周围地区）
US [və'sɪn.ə.tˌi] noun only singular
■the immediately surrounding area 周围地区；邻近地区；附近
• There are several hotels in the immediate vicinity of the station. 就在车站附近有好几家饭店。
UK [vɪ'sɪn.ɪ.ti] US [və'sɪn.ə.tˌi] noun only singular
in the vicinity of
■approximately 大约；大概
• The team is believed to have paid in the vicinity of £3 million for Domingo. 该队据说为多明戈支付了大约300万英镑。
vicinity, neighbourbood
这组词都有“邻近，附近”的意思，其区别是：
vicinity: 侧重指距说话人很近的地方。
neighbourbood: 指邻居或同居住者接近的地方，也指街坊四邻或居民点。
region, vicinity, area, district, zone
这组词都有“区域”的意思，其区别是：
region: n.行政区划上更大的地区，如"自治区"；身体部位。
 • The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.   美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。
vicinity: n.周围地区，附近地区。
 • The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.   警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。
area: n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。
 • The New York area has high rents.   纽约地区房租很高。
district: n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区
zone: n.指特定的地方、地带。
 • The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.   市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。

Word: apex
Vocabulary: apex
(once / 1645 pages)
n
When there's no mountain left to climb and nothing but blue sky above, you know you've reached the highest peak — the apex.
Apex can mean the highest point in a literal sense, like climbing to the apex of the Eiffel Tower for a fabulous view of Paris. It also can be used to mean the highest point in a figurative sense. An actor who wins an Oscar can say she's reached the apex of her career. If you're describing more than one high point, you could add an -es to form the plural apexes, but apices would also be correct. And if you're a botanist, you'd probably use apex to describe the tip of a flower or leaf.
WORD FAMILY
apex: apexes, apical, apices
USAGE EXAMPLES
That show was at its apex in the ratings in the 1980s.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Culling and even safari hunting will restore humans’ rightful place as apex predator amid an explosion in crocodiles, some argue.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Many countries settle for just an alliterative adjective: Brilliant Barbados, Epic Estonia, Incredible India, Remarkable Rwanda and, at the alliterative apex, Pristine Paradise Palau.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)

Word: adjustable
Front: adjustable
[əˈdʒʌstəbl] (六 10047/10358 -1)
Vocabulary: adjustable
(once / 8371 pages)
adj
Something that's adjustable can be changed or altered so that it works or fits better. A car's adjustable seat can accommodate both very tall and very short drivers.
Most belts are adjustable — you can make them larger or smaller depending on the size of your waist. Seat belts and ball caps are also adjustable, so that they conform to different bodies and heads. When a loan or mortgage from a bank is described as adjustable, it means that the interest rate changes periodically. The verb adjust came first, from the Old French ajouter, "to join," based on the Late Latin adiuxtare, "to bring near."
WORD FAMILY
adjustable: adjustably, unadjustable+/ adjust: adjustable, adjusted, adjuster, adjusting, adjustive, adjustment, adjusts, readjust / adjusted: unadjusted/adjuster: adjusters/ adjustment: adjustments/ readjust: readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjusts/ readjustment: readjustments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Luckily for Wilson, it only involves adjustable components rather than entire clubheads.
Golf Digest(Dec 12, 2016)
And yet, an upgrade path with General Motor’s HiPer Strut front suspension and adjustable dampers is but an option box away.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Meanwhile, an effort to allow a natural migration of Wind Cave elk out of the park through adjustable gates also met with little success.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 可调整的，可调节的
分布：可调整的(100%)
adjective
■able to be changed to suit particular needs 可调整的；可调节的
• The height of the steering wheel is adjustable. 方向盘的高度可以调节。
• Is the strap on this helmet adjustable? 这顶头盔的扣带可以调节吗？

Word: bissau

Word: amok
Front: amok
[əˈmɒk] (18140/32686)
Vocabulary: amok
(once / 22134 pages)
advadj
You think Mittens the kitten is gentle and sweet, and then one day she runs amok, ripping up Grandma's favorite armchair until its cottony guts are hanging out. Time to take Mittens to get her claws trimmed.
Most of our words are rooted in Greek, Latin, or German, so it's refreshing to see a word that arose in a whole different language: amok's origins are in the Malay language of Indonesia. In the 1500s, a Portuguese writer and explorer named Duarte Barbosa described a murderous tribe on the island of Java as the "Amuco," and the word passed on into English. Amuco came from Amuk, a Malay word meaning "attacking furiously."
WORD FAMILY
amok: amoks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today there is no emergent virus running amok.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
As governor of Riyadh, Salman helped oversee the family, even maintaining a jail for young princes who ran amok.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s really an example of what’s wrong with our system. The system run amok,” Adachi said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 杀人狂，狂乱地，杀气腾腾地
分布：杀人狂(58%)，杀人狂的(28%)，疯狂地(14%)
→来自马来语。
US [-'mʌk] adverb
run amok
■to be out of control and act in a wild or dangerous manner 狂乱，狂暴，发狂
• The army ran amok after one of its senior officers was killed. 一名高级军官被杀后，这支军队开始胡作非为。
• The two dogs ran amok in a school playground. 那两只狗在学校操场上厮咬起来。
adv. 狂乱地；杀人狂地
 - frenziedly
adj. 杀人狂的；狂乱的
 - frantic

Word: breadwinner
Front: breadwinner
[ˈbredwɪnə(r)] (19089/19587)
Back: n. 养家糊口的人
分布：养家糊口的人(68%)，负担家计的人(32%)
→bread, 面包。win, 古义追求，同Venus, 爱神维纳斯。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■the member of a family who earns the money that the family needs 养家糊口的人
• Men are often expected to be the breadwinner in a family. 人们常常寄望男人养家糊口。

Word: buster
Front: buster
[ˈbʌstə(r)] (17434/21943)
Back: n. 庞然大物; 非凡的人（或物）; 小鬼; 破坏者
分布：老兄(33%)，破坏者(25%)，克星(14%)，驯马人(14%)，健壮的孩子(14%)
→来自bust, 同burst, 爆裂。
US [-tɚ] US informal
noun [as form of address]
■used to address a man or a boy you do not like （称呼不喜欢的人）小子，伙计
• Cut it out, buster! 别吵了，伙计！
n. 起破坏，制止作用的人或物；庞然大物；非凡的人或物；小鬼，小家伙；茁壮的孩子
 - little man, monolith

Word: bouncy
Front: bouncy
[ˈbaʊnsi] (20316/20599 -1)
Back: adj. 快活的; 精神的; 有弹性的; 自大的
级别：bouncier, bounciest
分布：有弹性的(49%)，快活的(34%)，精神饱满的(17%)
adjective
■able to bounce 弹性好的，有弹性的
• This ball's not very bouncy. 这个球的弹力不怎么大。
■happy and energetic 精神饱满的
• He's always bouncy in the morning. 他早上总是精神很饱满。
adj. 有弹性的；快活的；精神饱满的；自大的
 - elastic, sunny

Word: byrd

Word: carton
Front: carton
[ˈkɑ:tn] (雅 9292/11868 -1)
Vocabulary: carton
(once / 5162 pages)
n
A carton is a cardboard box or package. A pint of cream often comes in a carton.
There are many different kinds of cartons, but most of them are packaging for some kind of consumer product, particularly food. There are egg cartons, milk cartons, and cigarette cartons, all of which are different shapes and made out of slightly different types of paperboard or lightweight cardboard. Carton has its root in the Medieval Latin word carta, "paper."
WORD FAMILY
carton: cartonful, cartons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once a month, a courier from Brinkmann would arrive at her front door with two cartons of cigarettes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The government approved the use of plain packaging on cigarette cartons - which removes messages, colours and brand images - in May.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Each day he received a carton of milk.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 尤指装食品或液体的)硬纸盒; 塑料盒; 硬纸盒（或塑料盒）所装物品; 纸板盒
vt. 用盒包装
分布：纸板箱(70%)，硬纸盒(12%)，把 ... 装入纸板箱(9%)，制作纸盒(9%)
→来自词根cart, 卡片，词源同card, chart.
纸板(箱)(cart=card纸板＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['kɑ:r.tˌən] noun countable
■a box made from thick cardboard, for storing goods, or a container made from cardboard or plastic, in which milk or fruit juice, etc. is sold （装牛奶、果汁或其他商品的）硬纸盒，塑胶盒
• a carton of orange juice 一盒柳橙汁
n. 纸板箱；靶心白点
 - cardboard, carboard

Word: clyde
Front: clyde
[klaid] (-/9984)
Back: n. <美俚>（不喜欢摇滚乐或流行音乐等的）老古板
分布：克莱德(姓氏(50%)，男子名)(50%)

Word: chaplain
Front: chaplain
[ˈtʃæplɪn] (9778/8943 -1)
Vocabulary: chaplain
(once / 637 pages)
n
A chaplain is usually a religious leader — a minister, rabbi, or other clergy member — who works outside of a church or temple.
You can use the word chaplain to describe the minister who counsels patients at your local hospital. Or, a chaplain could also be a priest who lives and works with soldiers on a battlefield (a military chaplain). These days, many chaplains are non-denominational, not associated with any particular religion. The Latin root word, cappellanus, means "clergyman."
WORD FAMILY
chaplain: chaplaincy, chaplains, chaplainship+/chaplaincy: chaplaincies/chaplainship: chaplainships
USAGE EXAMPLES
A prison chaplain said the riot began after a fight between rival gangs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Christopher played the camp chaplain, a courteous and compassionate presence who counselled medical staff and patients amid the chaos of the war.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Box Jr., a captain and chaplain for the McKinney Fire Department, told him he needed to get a job.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （王宫等的）附属教堂牧师; （军队、医院、监狱等的）牧师; 犹太教教士; （在社团等会议上）执行宗教仪式的牧师（或俗人）
分布：牧师(89%)，专职教士(11%)
→来自chapel, 小教堂。-lain, 小词后缀，见chamberlain.
noun countable
■a Christian official who is responsible for the religious needs of an organization （为某机构提供宗教服务的）牧师，特遣牧师
• the college/hospital/prison chaplain 学院／医院／监狱牧师
n. 牧师；专职教士
 - minister, priest, preacher

Word: cellulosic
Front: cellulosic
[seljʊ'ləʊsɪk] None
Back: adj. 有纤维质的
分布：纤维素的(100%)

Word: credo
Front: credo
[ˈkri:dəʊ] (宝 17871/23639)
Vocabulary: credo
(once / 7305 pages)
n
Credo is Latin for, literally, "I believe," and originally meant a particular religious belief. Now it has the far broader meaning of any system of principles that guide a person or group.
There's often a faintly jokey air to the word as used today, perhaps in recognition that it once popularly held such a high-minded meaning. A hedonist's credo might be simply "party on," or "enjoy the ride;" an actor's "the show must go on." Politicians have credos, and so too, presumably, do rappers and weather forecasters.
WORD FAMILY
credo: credos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, he remembers 2008 well and his credo remains the same.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Throughout his career he was guided by a straightforward credo, he said.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Father Benedict had changed things in the parish, such as insisting that the Credo and kyrie be recited only in Latin; Igbo was not acceptable.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 信经，信条
分布：信条(100%)
→来自词根cred, 相信，信任，来自kerd-dhe, 来自*kerd,心，见heart, *dhe, 给予，放置，词源同date, donate.
信条(creed的变体)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
【记】cred相信，信任
【参】creed（n 信条）
N-COUNT
信条;教义
A credo is a set of beliefs, principles, or opinions that strongly influence the way a person lives or works.
例：Lord Clarendon's liberal credo was one of the foundations of his political conduct.克拉伦登勋爵的自由主义信条是他从事政治活动的一大基础。
n. 信条，教义
 - belief, teaching, doctrine, creed, tenet

Word: didy

Word: coma
Front: coma
[ˈkəʊmə] (宝 9163/12065 -1)
Vocabulary: coma
(once / 4333 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Medically speaking, a coma is the state of protective deep sleep your body goes into when severely injured, as in a car crash. Daytime soap operas would be lost without a good coma every few weeks.
Coma comes from the Greek koma meaning "deep sleep." As with so many words with medical or scientific origins, coma has been appropriated for a far wider range of uses. The zombie-like trance you fall into at family get-togethers like Thanksgiving? That too is a coma, though your chances of recovery are far better than from a real coma. Unless you happen to sit next to Aunt Sadie.
WORD FAMILY
coma: comae, comal, comas, semicoma
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was rushed to a hospital, where she fell into a coma.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We learn almost nothing about Holden before the coma, so when we meet him again 12 years later he’s basically a stranger.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Most of the men and women Comas interviewed showed a zest for life and an interest in pastimes from amateur dramatics to playing the piano.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <医>昏迷; 怠惰，麻木; <天>（彗星的）彗发
分布：昏迷(100%)
→来自kei, 躺，睡，词源同home.
昏迷,昏睡[com=sleep(睡)]
【记】co共同，ma妈：由于你昏迷的太厉害了，所以你的大妈，二妈，亲妈，后妈全体出动来探望你，希望你早日康复，继续背单词！
【参】comatose（adj 昏睡的，昏睡状态的）
US ['koʊ-] noun countable
■a state of unconsciousness from which a person cannot be woken, which is caused by damage to the brain after an accident or illness 昏迷（状态）
• He's been in a coma for the past six weeks. 在过去的六个星期里，他一直昏迷不醒。
• She went into a deep coma after taking an overdose of sleeping pills. 她服用过量安眠药后，陷入了深度昏迷。
n. [医] 昏迷； [天] 彗形像差
 - stupor, exanimation

Word: dimly
Front: dimly
[ˈdɪmli] (托 11736/12555)
Vocabulary: dimly
(once / 627 pages)
adv
The adverb dimly is good for describing the way a room is lit when there's only a small amount of light. A dimly lit dining room might have just one flickering candle, for example.
Adverbs describe the way something is done, and in the case of dimly, it's almost always used to describe the way something is lit — just barely. A dimly illuminated library wouldn't be a great idea, because it would be so difficult to read, but a dimly lit movie theater makes perfect sense. Dimly comes from the adjective dim, whose root is the Old English dimm, "dark or obscure," from Germanic origins.
WORD FAMILY
dim: dimly, dimmed, dimmest, dimming, dimness, dims+/dimmed: undimmed/dimness: dimnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many local residents said they were only dimly aware of the Russians’ presence.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
That's when we see Bones, his sad little black-and-white face dimly lit in the moonlight.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Through the door, I enter into the dimly lit auditorium.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adv. 昏暗地，朦胧地，模糊地; 依稀; 影影绰绰; 隐隐约约
分布：朦胧地(37%)，模糊地(27%)，微暗地(18%)，隐隐约约地(18%)
ADJ-GRADED
(光线)昏暗的，暗淡的
Dim light is not bright.
例：She stood waiting, in the dim light...她站在昏暗的光线下等待。
例：Below decks, the lights were dim.船舱里灯光昏暗。
ADJ-GRADED
(地方)昏暗的，阴暗的
A dim place is rather dark because there is not much light in it.
例：The room was dim and cool and quiet.房间里阴暗、清冷，静悄悄的。
ADJ-GRADED
(人影、物体)隐约的，蒙眬的，不分明的
A dim figure or object is not very easy to see, either because it is in shadow or darkness, or because it is far away.
例：Pete's torch picked out the dim figures of Bob and Chang.皮特的火把映出了鲍勃和张的模糊身影。
ADJ-GRADED
(记忆、理解)模糊的，依稀的，不清晰的
If you have a dim memory or understanding of something, it is difficult to remember or is unclear in your mind.
例：It seems that the '60s era of social activism is all but a dim memory.20 世纪 60 年代的社会激进主义似乎只是一个模糊的记忆。
ADJ-GRADED
(前景)灰暗的，渺茫的，不光明的
If the future of something is dim, you have no reason to feel hopeful or positive about it.
例：The prospects for a peaceful solution are dim.和平解决的希望非常渺茫。
ADJ-GRADED
(人)愚笨的，迟钝的
If you describe someone as dim, you think that they are stupid.
V-ERG
(使)（灯光）变昏暗;(使)变暗淡
If you dim a light or if it dims, it becomes less bright.
例：Dim the lighting – it is unpleasant to lie with a bright light shining in your eyes...把灯光调暗一些——躺着时眼前灯光太强很不舒服。
例：The houselights dimmed.观众席的灯暗了下来。
VERB
将(汽车前灯)调为近光;使减光
If you are driving a car and dim the headlights, you operate a switch that makes them shine downwards, so that they do not shine directly into the eyes of other drivers.
例：Dim your lights behind that car.开到那辆车后面时将前灯调为近光。
V-ERG
(使)(前景、希望等)变渺茫;(使)（感情等）淡化
If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong.
例：Their economic prospects have dimmed...他们的经济前景变得很暗淡。
例：Forty eight years of marriage have not dimmed the passion between Bill and Helen.48 年的婚姻生活并没消磨掉比尔和海伦之间的激情。
V-ERG
(使)(视力)变差；（使）看不分明
If your eyes dim or are dimmed by something, they become weaker or unable to see clearly.
例：Her eyes dimmed with sorrow...悲痛之下，她泪眼蒙眬。
例：The twinkle in his eyes was dimmed by tears.他眼中闪烁的光芒被泪水模糊了。
V-ERG
(使)(记忆)变模糊;(使)变得不清晰
If your memories dim or if something dims them, they become less clear in your mind.
例：Their memory of what happened has dimmed...他们对所发生事情的记忆变得模糊了。
例：The intervening years had dimmed his memory.经过了其间那么多年他的记忆已经不大清楚了。
adv. 朦胧地；微暗
 - indistinctly, hazily

Word: demean
Front: demean
[dɪˈmi:n] (宝 17616/22692)
Vocabulary: demean
(once / 5337 pages)
v
To demean someone is to insult them. To demean is to degrade or put down a person or thing.
If you noticed the word mean in demean, that's a good clue to its meaning. To demean someone is very mean. You are demeaning your sister or brother if you run their underwear up a flagpole. A teacher could demean a student by saying "You're stupid!" To demean is to insult: no one wants to be demeaned. Insulting language is often called demeaning. We can also say a bad president demeaned his office.
WORD FAMILY
demean: demeaned, demeaning, demeans, misdemean+/ demeaning: demeaningly/misdemean: misdemeaned, misdemeaning, misdemeans
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or to consider the emotional impact of the children seeing their father demean their mother in such a way.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In December 2015, Falls complained to Jackson County Human Resources that he was treated in an unprofessional, demeaning and discriminatory manner.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Appalled by sexist and demeaning banners displayed by Brass Monkey Hotel, Northbridge.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使降低身份，使卑下
时态：demeaned, demeaning, demeans
分布：贬低(63%)，降低(37%)
→de-, 向下。mean,下贱的。即使下贱，贬损。比较debase.
【记】mean（adj 低劣的；卑鄙的）
verb transitive
■to cause someone to become less respected 羞辱，贬低
• The entire family was demeaned by his behaviour. 全家人都因他的行为而蒙羞。
• [R] I wouldn't demean myself by asking my parents for money. 我绝不会向父母要钱，我可丢不起那脸。
vt. 贬低...的身分；举止
 - bear oneself, deport

Word: cumbria

Word: doyen
Front: doyen
[ˈdɔɪən] (宝 34410/21608)
Vocabulary: doyen
(once / 30700 pages)
n
Use the noun doyen to describe the person who has been part of a group the longest, such as Mr. Thomas, the doyen of the accounting department. He is the doyen because everyone else joined after he did.
Generally speaking, the doyen isn't just the person who has been there the longest — the doyen is also an expert, perhaps in a specialized area that the others don't know as much about. A doyen is distinguished in a way that earns leadership status, as indicated by the word's origin in the Old French word deien, which comes from the Latin word decanus, or "head of ten monks in a monastery" or "commander of ten soldiers."
WORD FAMILY
doyen: doyens
USAGE EXAMPLES
The issue is complicated by the fact that investment group Doyen Sports still own 50% of his economic rights.
The Guardian(Aug 31, 2016)
His father was a black Ghanaian, Joseph Boakye “J.B” Danquah, who is widely considered the doyen of Ghana politics.
Washington Post(Jun 01, 2016)
The influencer is a sort of style authority – a style doyen, a style connoisseur.
The Guardian(May 27, 2016)
Back: n. 老资格，老前辈，首席
分布：老资格(50%)，首席(50%)
→来自dean的拼写变体，引申词义元老。
【记】读：导演，有大胡子的人，老，地位高－老资格
noun countable usually singular
■the oldest, most experienced, and often most respected person of all the people involved in a particular type of work （某一领域内的）老前辈，老专家
n. 首席；老资格；老前辈
 - top, done time

Word: exeter
Front: exeter
[ˈeksətə] (-/6634)
Back: 埃克塞特（英国英格兰西南部城市）（德文郡首府）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: dink
Front: dink
[dɪŋk] (38247/-)
Back: adj. 漂亮的
vt. 装饰打扮
n. 丁克一族(Double Incomes No Kids)，指双薪但无孩子的家庭。
分布：整洁漂亮的(20%)，有双份收入而没有小孩的夫妇(20%)，打扮漂亮(20%)，丁克帽(20%)，网前球(20%)
→拟声词，模仿清脆的声音，用来指吊球。
adj. 漂亮的；整洁的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute

Word: enactment
Front: enactment
[ɪˈnæktmənt] (托 12667/12576)
Back: n. （法律的）制定，颁布; 法律，法规; 扮演
分布：法规(100%)
(法令)颁布(enact颁布)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
【反】rescission（n 废除）
N-VAR
(法律的)制定，通过
The enactment of a law is the process in a parliament or other law-making body by which the law is agreed upon and made official.
例：We support the call for the enactment of a Bill of Rights.我们支持要求通过《权利法案》的呼声。
N-VAR
表演;演出;上演
The enactment of a play or story is the performance of it by an actor or group of actors.
例：The main building was also used for the enactment of mystery plays.主楼还用于神秘剧的演出。
n. 制定，颁布；通过；法令
 - establishment, act

Word: empress
Front: empress
[ˈemprəs] (20918/13068 -1)
Vocabulary: empress
(once / 567 pages)
n
An empress is either a female emporer or the wife of an emporer. Either way, it's a powerful woman.
There are a lot of words that have gender built into them, like fireman and waitress. Another is empress, which is a female emperor. An emperor is like a king: a person with absolute power over a country. An empress is therefore like a queen. Also, just as a queen is the wife of a king, an empress might be the wife of an emperor, meaning she's not the ruler of the country but just married to the ruler.
WORD FAMILY
empress: empresses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Week 1204 the Empress asked for some post-election “silver linings” for those who were less than euphoric over the election results.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There were rumours that the Empress Alexandra and Protopopov were planning to dissolve parliament - the Duma - introduce a state of emergency and sue for peace.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The Style Conversational The Empress’s weekly online column discusses each new contest and results.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 女皇; 皇后
分布：皇后(57%)，女皇(43%)
→来自emperor, 皇帝。-ess, 表女性。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a female ruler of an empire , or the wife of a male ruler of an empire 女皇；皇后
⇒ See also emperor
n. 皇后；女皇
 - queen, kaiserin

Word: fraternal
Front: fraternal
[frəˈtɜ:nl] (托宝 14687/19715)
Vocabulary: fraternal
(once / 779 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective fraternal to mean "brotherly," the way you'd describe your fraternal relationship with your oldest friend who is like a brother to you.
A fight between brothers? You could chalk it up to fraternal rivalry. Fraternal describes the relationship between brothers, but it is also used is to describe a club, society or fraternity, some brotherly group of people — usually men — with common interests. Fraternal twins, unlike identical twins, are formed from separate ova. That's why they don't look exactly alike and can be a girl and a boy, instead of two girls or two boys.
WORD FAMILY
fraternal: fraternalest, fraternally, fraternise, fraternity, fraternize +/fraternisation: fraternisations/fraternise: fraternisation, fraternised, fraternising/ fraternity: fraternities/fraternization: fraternizations/ fraternize: fraternization, fraternized, fraternizes, fraternizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Diller developed into a popular hangout for political and fraternal huddling.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The two singles are twins—but fraternal, not identical.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
“Police officers themselves do not create policies or create legislation,” said Vince Canales, president of the Baltimore Fraternal Order of Police.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 兄弟的; 兄弟般的; 友好的; 同志般的
分布：兄弟般的(67%)，兄弟的(33%)
→来自拉丁语frater, 兄弟，词源同brother.
【源】原指：异卵双生的（由两个分别受精的卵子生出的双胞胎的）
【记】frater＝brother（n 兄弟）；参：fratricide（n 轼兄）frater＝father：一个father生的－兄弟的fraternity（n 兄弟关系；兄弟会）
【参】frat（n 大学生联谊会）像一堆free的rat
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■relating to brothers 兄弟的，手足的
• fraternal rivalry 兄弟间的竞争
■friendly, like brothers 友好的，兄弟般的，亲如手足的
• The President's official visit marks the start of a more fraternal relationship between the two countries. 总统的正式访问标志着两国间开始建立起一种更加亲密友好的关系。
adj. 兄弟般的；友好的
 - friendly, amicable

Word: flighty
Front: flighty
[ˈflaɪti] (托 27481/34088)
Vocabulary: flighty
(once / 5834 pages)
adj
If you're flighty, you're flaky and a little bit thoughtless. Flighty people change their minds and plans at the drop of a hat.
Flighty people are unreliable and irresponsible — they often forget appointments, show up late, and change their minds about important things at the last minute. If you need help with something important, don't count on a flighty person for help. The original meaning of flighty, in the 1500's, was "swift" or "speedy." By the late 1700's, it had come to mean "fickle or frivolous," and was often used to describe skittish horses.
WORD FAMILY
flighty: flightier, flightiest, flightily, flightiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two eyebrows rose beneath her neatly pleated headscarf as if to signal amusement at the flighty sophistication of Beiruti ladies.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Quiet music may be the distraction a flighty person needs to keep focusing.
New York Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Plato, one of the earliest to see democracy as a problem, saw its typical citizen as shiftless and flighty:
The New Yorker(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指女人或其行为）轻浮的，朝三暮四的，反复无常的
分布：轻浮的(51%)，反复无常的(26%)，不负责任的(23%)
→来自flight, 飞行。引申义浮在空中的，轻浮的。
【记】源于flight（n /v 飞行；逃走）：女人总是飞来飞去的会见各种男朋友－轻浮的，朝三暮四的，变化无常的
US [-tˌi] adjective disapproving
■(especially of a woman) not responsible and likely to change activities, jobs, lovers, etc. often （尤指女子）轻浮的，不负责任的，反覆无常的
• a flighty young woman 轻浮的年轻女子
adj. 轻浮的；轻狂的；心情浮动的
 - flirty, light-minded

Word: faux
Front: faux
[fəʊ] None
Vocabulary: faux
(once / 7500 pages)
adj
Faux means fake, or imitation. If you love the look of diamonds but can't afford one, get a faux diamond ring.
Faux is a French word that has crept into our lexicon, because faux in French means "fake." Now if we have the words fake, imitation, and false (all of which are good synonyms), why use faux? For fashion, dahling. Use faux to talk about faux fur, faux gemstones, or to make fun of a "faux pas," which is French for "no-no," widely used among the witty international set when someone does something gauche (French for "clumsy").
WORD FAMILY
faux
USAGE EXAMPLES
But for all of his faux gloom, by the time I leave, only two of his grievances ring wholly true.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Three turquoise faux advertising posters are dedicated to a dark ale called Society.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Crate & Barrel’s chunky Big Sur furniture, in white oak, fits the vibe, as does a verdant assortment of faux banana trees, orchids and magnolias.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. <法>假的; 伪的; 人工的; 人造的
分布：假的(50%)，人造的(50%)
US [foʊ] adjective [before noun]
■not real, but made to look or seem real; false 假的；伪造的；人工的
• faux fur 人造毛
• a faux-brick wall 假砖墙
adj. 人造的；（法）假的
 - artificial, synthetic

Word: expeditionary
Front: expeditionary
[ˌekspɪ'dɪʃənˌerɪ] (19170/24992)
Back: adj. 探险的，出征的（尤指军事上）
分布：远征的(41%)，探险的(37%)，讨伐的(22%)
US [-er-] adjective
expeditionary force/unit
■a group of soldiers sent to another country to fight in a war 远征军／分队
adj. 远征的；探险的；讨伐的；考察的
 - exploratory

Word: ghostly
Front: ghostly
[ˈgəʊstli] (11245/12212 -1)
Vocabulary: ghostly
(once / 1089 pages)
adj
Something ghostly looks or sounds like a ghost — strange and chilling. A ghostly figure appearing out of the fog can seem slightly unearthly.
Distant, ghostly music sometimes echoes through an empty subway station, and ghostly voices can often be heard in stairwells or hallways, seeming to come from nowhere. Even your neighbor's glowing TV screen can appear ghostly on a dark night. The Old English root of ghostly is gastlic, which means "spiritual, holy, or not of the flesh," and also "supernatural."
WORD FAMILY
ghostly: ghostlier, ghostliest, ghostlily, ghostliness+/ ghost: ghosted, ghosting, ghostlike, ghostly, ghosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lou Reed’s detached, almost funereal litany of Factory drag queens in “Walk on the Wild Side,” its chorus fading into Bowie’s ghostly saxophone solo.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
By Monday, that same area felt ghostly, almost entirely unpeopled.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
A long, mostly empty cooler runs along one wall, a ghostly reminder of the supermarket that once occupied the address.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 鬼似的，幽灵似的; 可怕的
级别：ghostlier, ghostliest
分布：可怕的(51%)，幽灵的(25%)，鬼似的(13%)，灵魂的(11%)
US ['goʊst-] adjective
■pale and transparent 苍白的；幽灵般的
• a ghostly figure/apparition 鬼影／鬼魂
■not loud or clear 若有若无的；隐隐约约的；听不清的
• a ghostly voice/echo 阴森可怕的声音／回音
adj. 幽灵的；可怕的；影子似的
 - terrible, spectral, horrible

Word: giggle
Front: giggle
[ˈgɪgl] (研雅宝 7352/6744 -2)
Vocabulary: giggle
(once / 1225 pages)
vn
If you laugh with a dainty tee-hee-hee, you giggle. Children giggle a lot. Big strong men are more likely to guffaw or issue a big belly laugh.
The word giggle has been around since about the 16th century, and yet, it has no Latin or Greek roots. Most likely the word is an imitation of the silly sound you make when you laugh like this. If you and your friends have hidden a frog on your teacher's desk, when she enters the room and moves towards it, you will probably begin giggling — you know something funny is about to happen and you're a little nervous about it.
WORD FAMILY
giggle: giggled, giggler, giggles, giggling+/giggler: gigglers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shore giggled at the anecdote and said Michaels still quotes his father’s phrase as a sign-off from phone calls.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The babies are actually RealCare Infant Simulators - high-tech dolls that cry, burp, slurp, giggle, and send data to Currie to analyze for grades.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He giggled and pretended to do moves as Taylor encouraged his pupil.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 咯咯的笑; 傻笑; <英·非正>玩笑; the giggles 止不住的格格笑
vi. 咯咯地笑; 傻笑; 娇笑一下; 情不自禁地笑出声来
时态：giggled, giggling, giggles
分布：咯咯地笑(41%)，咯咯笑(34%)，趣事(25%)
→拟声词。
vi.／n.痴笑;咯咯地笑vt.咯咯地笑着说She giggles at everything.她对什么事情都发出傻笑.
【记】gigi是梁泳琪le乐：gigi只会giggle的le乐读：鸡狗－老母鸡见到狗吃屎－吃吃地笑
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to laugh repeatedly in a quiet but uncontrolled way, often at something silly or rude or when you are nervous （因为感到有趣、窘迫或紧张而）咯咯地笑，傻笑
• Stop that giggling at the back! 别在后面傻笑！
['gɪg.l] noun
LAUGHTER 笑
countable
■a nervous or silly laugh （紧张的）咯咯笑；傻笑
• There were a few nervous giggles from people in the audience. 观众中有人发出几声紧张的笑声。
• I caught Roz having a giggle over some of Janet's awful poetry. 罗兹读着珍妮特糟糕的诗篇咯咯地笑出声来，正好被我听到。
the giggles [plural] informal
■when you can't stop giggling 止不住的咯咯笑
• I often used to get/have the giggles in lectures when I was at college. 上大学时，我经常在课堂上咯咯傻笑个不停。
['gɪg.l] noun
FUNNY SITUATION 有趣的情况
only singular UK informal
■something which is funny, often when it involves laughing at someone else 趣事；玩笑
• Just for a giggle, we hid his trousers while he was in the water. 他在水里的时候，我们把他的裤子藏了起来，这纯粹为了好玩。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
vi. 傻笑；咯咯地笑
 - smirk

Word: furrow
Front: furrow
[ˈfʌrəʊ] (宝 14926/14919 -1)
Vocabulary: furrow
(once / 888 pages)
nv
A furrow is a groove or a depression. Originally, furrows were created in soil for water to flow. Now, its most common meaning is of a deep line or wrinkle on the face, as in a "furrowed brow."
Furrow is related to the old English word farrow, meaning "to root like a swine," which makes sense, seeing as both acts create trenches in the earth. Sometimes a furrow simply means the impression left by a cart wheel or tire track in the mud. In a non-agricultural sense, a furrow is also simply a slight groove or depression or series of indentations in the surface of any object.
WORD FAMILY
furrow: furrowed, furrowing, furrows+/ furrowed: unfurrowed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Growing on a hillside in a sunlit glade, the pine is nearly 200 feet tall, 7 feet across at the base, its bark richly furrowed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Ask Jones about all that now, and his brow furrows.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Everyone in the field is dressed for the rain that just stopped and for the muddy furrows between the knee-high rows of plants.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 犁沟; 皱纹; 车辙
v. 犁田，开沟; 使起皱纹
时态：furrowed, furrowing, furrows
分布：犁沟(39%)，皱纹(35%)，车辙(22%)，形成深痕(4%)
→来自perk,挖，拱，词源同farrow, pork.用做耕地的犁沟，垄以及古代马车车辙。
【区】burrow（n 洞穴）扒肉；furrow发肉，你就会肥，自然会有皱纹
US ['fɝ:.oʊ] noun countable
■a long line or hollow which is formed or cut into the surface of something 皱纹；沟；车辙
• A deep furrow has formed in the rock, where water has run over it for centuries. 经过数百年的冲刷，溪水在岩石上刻出了一条深深的沟壑。
• Years of anxiety have lined her brow with deep furrows. 多年的焦虑在她的额头上留下了深深的皱纹。
UK ['fʌr.əʊ] US ['fɝ:.oʊ] verb transitive
■to form or cut a long line or hollow in the surface of something 皱纹；沟；车辙
• The wheels of the heavy tractor furrowed the soft ground. 重型拖拉机的轮子在柔软的土地上压出了车辙。
• The pain of the headache made him furrow his brow (= make lines in the skin above his eyes). 头痛使他眉头紧锁。
n. 皱纹； [农学] 犁沟；车辙
 - rugosity, wrinkle
vt. 犁；耕；弄绉
 - till, plough
vi. 犁田；开沟；犁出浪迹
 - break ground

Word: gravy
Front: gravy
[ˈgreɪvi] (9062/12580 -1)
Back: n. 肉汁，肉卤; 〈美俚〉非法所得的钱，意外之财
分布：肉汁(80%)，肉汤(15%)，外快(5%)
→来自古法语grane, 沙司，炖汁，来自grain, 颗粒。即肉汁，形成颗粒条纹的汤汁。俚语义，美差。字母u, n拼写变化比较spouse, sponsor,同时在过去很长一段时间字母u,v拼写没有严格的区分。
noun uncountable
■a sauce made from meat juices, liquid and flour, and served with meat and vegetables 肉汁
n. 肉汁；不法利润；轻易得来的钱
 - bovril, gippo

Word: idyll
Front: idyll
[ˈɪdɪl] (宝 25541/19920)
Vocabulary: idyll
(once / 2514 pages)
n
An idyll is a short period in which everything is wonderful. You could say a cruise you took with your family was an idyll in an otherwise difficult year.
In its more formal sense, idyll describes a pastoral interlude or a poem set in nature––an idealized, or idyllic, version of nature where you are drinking champagne under the apple trees, and no one has stepped in cow manure or walked through poison ivy.
WORD FAMILY
idyll: idyllic, idylls+/ idyllic: idyllically, idyllicly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wanted picturesque landscapes that were wilder and more rugged than Brown’s placid idylls.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Venice, a chameleon that has been an oil town, bohemian idyll, crumbling ghetto and tourist mecca, is adopting a new guise: tech citadel.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Some critics have argued that the idyll of the film would be broken by the friction of sex but Jarmusch doesn’t see it that way.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 描写田园生活的短诗; 一段愉快的乡村生活
分布：田园诗(61%)，田园生活(33%)，=idyl.(6%)
→来自拉丁语idyllium,田园诗，田园画，词源同idea,ideal.引申词义理想的田园生活。
【记】I，dy，ll重新组合成dy和ill：dy地都ill了，因为大家都在过着无忧无虑的田园生活，整天不干活，地都病了。
【反】experience fill with tension（充满紧张的经历）
(also idyl) ['ɪd.əl] noun countable
■a very happy, peaceful and simple situation or period of time, especially in the countryside, or a piece of music, literature, etc. that describes this （尤指乡下）愉快恬淡的情景（或时期）；田园乐曲；田园诗
• Every year thousands of people flee the big cities in search of the pastoral/rural idyll. 每年成千上万的人逃离大城市，去寻找田园式／充满乡野气息的快乐生活。
n. 田园诗；牧歌；田园生活
 - eclogue, Sunnyside

Word: heartbeat
Front: heartbeat
[ˈhɑ:tbi:t] (雅 8254/12499 -1)
Back: n. 心跳，心搏; 中心; 感情; 重要特征
分布：心跳(94%)，中心(5%)，重要特征(1%)
→heart,心，心脏，beat,击打，跳动。
US ['hɑ:rt-] noun countable or uncountable
■the regular movement or sound that the heart makes as it sends blood around your body 心跳；心跳声
• a steady heartbeat 平稳的心跳
n. [生理] 心跳；情感
 - emotion, will, affect

Word: hermitage
Front: hermitage
[ˈhɜ:mɪtɪdʒ] (22937/17576)
Vocabulary: hermitage
(once / 2309 pages)
n
Your summer cabin deep in the woods where you go to think about how funny life is sometimes? If you want to sound fancy, it could be called a hermitage, a dwelling removed from civilization.
The noun hermitage has origins in the French word hermite, meaning “hermit,” a person who lives alone, far from society. Hermitage can describe the place where a hermit lives, or a dwelling occupied by an isolated religious group that prefers solitude. But the word is likely to be used more broadly to describe a secluded or remote dwelling, a place of solitude, where you won’t run into a neighbor while mowing the lawn in the backyard.
WORD FAMILY
hermitage: hermitages
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the forest hermitage of Kudimbigala, we walked up steps cut into great boulders.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
It was dusk on Monday, Sept. 3, 1827, when the party from South Carolina drew up at the Hermitage, Andrew Jackson’s plantation near Nashville.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
The 40-foot Norway spruce was brought to the capitol from the Hermitage neighborhood of Nashville.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 隐居处，修道院
分布：修道院(55%)，隐士生活(20%)，罗纳葡萄酒(15%)，隐居之处(10%)
→hermit,隐修者，-age,地点后缀。
隐居处(hermit隐)士[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
US ['hɝ:.mɪ.tˌɪdʒ] noun countable
■a place where a religious person lives on their own, apart from the rest of society 隐居处；修道院

Word: hidebound
Front: hidebound
[ˈhaɪdbaʊnd] (宝 31658/34995)
Vocabulary: hidebound
(once / 30384 pages)
adj
Hidebound things — or people — are stuck in the past, unable to change. Your boss's hidebound attitudes about gender make him reluctant to hire women for most jobs.
Someone who's painfully old fashioned, with chauvinistic, conservative ideas and beliefs about the world can be described as hidebound. A hidebound culture can make a school, family, or workplace difficult and unpleasant for anyone who doesn't fit those narrow-minded concepts. In the 16th century, the adjective originally described a condition of cattle, an unhealthy and emaciated state. Hidebound evolved from there, first describing painfully thin people, then those who are "narrow in outlook."
WORD FAMILY
hidebound
USAGE EXAMPLES
Waterfront dining may one day be as common as steakhouses, those hidebound concepts that outsiders consider the mascots of D.C. dining.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Hidebound habits of hoarding intelligence within centuries-old borders, they contend, are part of the problem.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
So it may be a surprise that the first signs of resistance to Trump’s program are from that famously cautious, hidebound institution, the Federal Reserve.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 对新的思想、方法等格格不入的，守旧的，思想偏狭的
分布：墨守成规的(56%)，死板的(44%)
→hide,兽皮，bound,绑着，束缚。其原义为瘦骨嶙峋的老牛，后用于比喻义守旧的，迂腐的。
【记】hide（n 兽皮），bound（v 跳跃；绑；包裹）－皮包骨的－这种人的思想是偏狭顽固的、迂腐守旧的，所以瘦得皮包骨
adjective disapproving
■having fixed opinions and ways of doing things and not willing to change or be influenced, especially by new or modern ideas 顽固的；守旧的
adj. 死板的；保守的；顽固的；墨守成规的
 - rigid, resistant, conservative

Word: interventionism
Front: interventionism
[ˌɪntəˈvenʃənɪzəm] (29805/36579)
Back: n. （尤指主张干涉国际事务的）干涉主义
→来自intervene,干扰，干预。比喻用法。

Word: lifeblood
Front: lifeblood
[ˈlaɪfblʌd] (19303/21831)
Back: n. 命脉; 命根子; 生命线; <文>血液
分布：命脉(92%)，生机的根源(8%)
→life,生命，blood,血。
noun uncountable
■the thing which is most important to the continuing success and existence of something else 命脉，生命线
• Tourism is the lifeblood of Hawaii's economy. 旅游业是夏威夷的经济命脉。

Word: mangrove
Front: mangrove
[ˈmæŋgrəʊv] (15533/26599)
Back: n. 红树属树木，海榄雌
分布：红树(100%)
→可能来自西班牙语mangue,最终来自加勒比某语言。拼写俗化。
US [-groʊv] noun countable
■a tropical tree, found near water, whose twisted roots grow partly above ground 红树（一种热带乔木，生于水边，盘错交织的部分根部露于地上）
• a mangrove swamp 红树沼泽地

Word: metric
Front: metric
[ˈmetrɪk] (研四六雅 10163/10828 -1)
Vocabulary: metric
(once / 3287 pages)
1adjn 2n 3adj 4n
If something’s metric, it’s related to a system that uses the meter as a basic measurement. If someone says they'll sell you 3 meters of silk, then you know that the metric system is being used.
The word metric traces back to the French word métriquei, from mèter. The word is most often used to describe a widely used system of measurement based on the meter, called the metric system. Metric can describe the system as well as things related to the metric system. If your science teacher asks you to measure an object using metric units, you’ll be using centimeters and millimeters, rather than inches or feet. In music, metric refers to the rhythmic measures.
WORD FAMILY
metric: metricise, metricize, metrics, non-metric+/ meter: metered, metering, meters, metric
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctors and hospitals here are obsessed with metrics, not least because under the health law, they may be rewarded or penalized based on their performance.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As a rough metric, the first word yields more than twenty times as many Siri-related Google hits as the other two combined.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
A metric ton of restaurants opened in Seattle this year, while some favorites closed.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 米制的，公制的，十进制的; 度量的; 距离的
n. 度量标准; [数学]度量; 诗体，韵文，诗韵
分布：度量(65%)，公制的(12%)，标准(12%)，米制的(6%)，十进制的(5%)
→来自metre,米，公制。
a.米制的,公制的The gram is a metric unit.克是公制单位.
adjective mainly UK
 ADVANCED
■using or relating to a system of measurement that uses metres, centimetres, litres etc 公制的，米制的
• The recipe is given in both metric and imperial measures. 食谱中材料的份量均以公制和英制两种计量方法标出。
• Most high-tech industry has been metric for decades. 大多数高科技工业采用公制已达数十年了。

Word: manganese
Front: manganese
[ˈmæŋgəni:z] (21755/25493)
Back: n. <化>锰
分布：锰(100%)
→来自意大利语manganese,来自magnesia的拼写讹误。后将借就错，用来指两种不同的金属元素。
noun uncountable
■a grey-white metallic element, used in the process of making steel （化学元素）锰

Word: millisecond
Front: millisecond
[ˈmɪlisekənd] (17013/22338)
Back: n. 毫秒
分布：毫秒(100%)
→milli-,毫，second,秒。
noun [C or] (written abbreviation ms) (msec)
■a unit of time which is equal to 0.001 seconds 毫秒（时间单位，＝1／1000秒）

Word: neurology
Front: neurology
[njʊəˈrɒlədʒi] (研宝 21144/33919)
Vocabulary: neurology
(once / 4734 pages)
n
In medicine, neurology is the study of nerves and the nervous system. A medical student who is interested in neurology will learn about strokes, epilepsy, and other nervous system disorders.
The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia throughout the body. Neurology involves the structure and function of these parts, and it also investigates diseases and disorders involving them. Because the brain is part of the nervous system, this includes brain trauma or dysfunction (like memory loss, concussions, and seizures). Neurology comes from the Greek neurologia, or "study of nerves."
WORD FAMILY
neurology: neurologic, neurological, neurologist+/neurologic: neurologically/neurologist: neurologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Johnson, who registers patients when they arrive for neurology appointments at IU Health Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis, was not helping.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But until your neurology learns to enjoy those endorphins and the other rewards inherent in exercise, you need to jump-start the process.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
“In neurology circles this is referred to as a ‘sensory trick,’ he explains.
Seattle Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. <医>神经病学; <医>神经病学家
adj. <医>神经病学的
分布：神经学(59%)，神经病学(41%)
→neuro-,神经，-logy,学说。
神经病学(neur+o+logy学科)[meur=mene,表示"神经"]
US [nʊr'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the study of the structure and diseases of the brain and all the nerves in the body 神经学；神经病学

Word: mufti
Front: mufti
[ˈmʌfti] (27170/13480)
Back: n. 便服
分布：便服(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语mufti,裁判，判决，来自mu-,表方位，afta,给予，做出决定，词源同fatwa.
noun uncountable old-fashioned
■ordinary clothes worn by people who usually wear uniforms, especially soldiers （通常穿制服的人、尤其是军人穿的）便服，便装
• The admiral arrived in mufti. 海军上将穿便装抵达。
n. 便服，便衣
 - civies, civilian clothes

Word: nonsensical
Front: nonsensical
[nɒnˈsensɪkl] (宝 20151/19291)
Vocabulary: nonsensical
(once / 6456 pages)
adj
If something has no intelligent meaning, you can describe it as nonsensical. When you're really angry, you might hear yourself sputtering nonsensical sounds and have to stop, take a breath, and start again.
Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" is full of great examples of nonsensical words, like "mimsy," "frumious," and "slithy," which manage to be both descriptive and completely nonsensical. Something that is utterly ridiculous or absurd can also be described as nonsensical. You might tell your best friend, "I know you like crazy hats, but that thing on your head is completely nonsensical."
WORD FAMILY
nonsensical: nonsensicalest, nonsensicality, nonsensically+/desensitise: desensitisation, desensitising/ desensitize: desensitization, desensitized, desensitizes, desensitizing/hypersensitive: hypersensitively, hypersensitivity/insensibility: insensibilities/ insensible: insensibility, insensibly/ insensitive: insensitively, insensitiveness, insensitivity/insensitivity: insensitivities/ nonsense: nonsenses, nonsensical /oversensitive: oversensitively, oversensitiveness/ sensation: aftersensation, sensational, sensations/ sensational: sensationalism, sensationally, unsensational/sensationalism: sensationalisms, sensationalist, sensationalistic/sensationalist: sensationalists/ sense: nonsense, sensation, sensed, senseless, senses, sensible, sensing, sensitive, sensor, sensorial, sensuous /senseless: senselessly, senselessness/ sensibility: sensibilities/ sensible: insensible, sensibilise, sensibility, sensibilize, sensibleness, sensibler, sensiblest, sensibly/sensitise: desensitise, sensitisation, sensitised, sensitiser, sensitising/sensitised: hypersensitised, supersensitised/sensitiser: sensitisers/ sensitive: hypersensitive, insensitive, nonsensitive, oversensitive, sensitise, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitives, sensitivity, sensitize, supersensitive/sensitiveness: sensitivenesses/ sensitivity: sensitivities/sensitize: desensitize, sensitization, sensitized, sensitizer, sensitizes, sensitizing/sensitized: hypersensitized, supersensitized/sensitizer: sensitizers/sensor: sensors/sensorial: sensorially/ sensuous: sensuously, sensuousness/supersensitive: supersensitively/unsensational: unsensationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The result is a convoluted workaround many fishermen view as nonsensical.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She is by turns defiant, angry, charming, nonsensical, strident – sometimes it’s hard to break her flow to ask questions.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
I said I find that a nonsensical adjective for a woman.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 无意义的，荒谬的，愚蠢的; 不像话; 痴狂
分布：荒谬的(93%)，没有意义的(7%)
【记】non没有，sense（n 感觉），cal－没有感觉的话－荒唐的
【参】nonthreatening（adj 不威胁的）；nonverbal（adj 不用语言的）；nonviable（adj 无法生活的）via是生命的词根
US [ˌnɑ:n-] adjective
■silly or stupid 愚蠢的；荒谬的
• It's nonsensical to blame all the world's troubles on one man. 把世界上所有的麻烦都归咎于一个人，是很荒谬的。
• Their methods of assessment produce nonsensical results. 他们的评估方法会得出可笑的结果。
adj. 无意义的；荒谬的
 - empty, meaningless

Word: oppressor
Front: oppressor
[əˈpresə(r)] (17937/20305)
Vocabulary: oppressor
(once / 1739 pages)
n
An oppressor is any authority (a group or a person) that uses its power unjustly to keep people under control. Many rebellious teenagers view their parents as oppressors, but the word is usually used to refer to dictators.
While you might complain about your oppressor, the teacher who makes you stay late to catch up on assignments you missed, a true oppressor denies basic human rights to people who live under their control. Before Partition in 1947, the citizens of India mostly viewed their British rulers as oppressors — in some cases, Indian farmers were forced by the British to grow non-food crops, causing thousands to starve. The Latin root is opprimere, "to crush or subdue."
WORD FAMILY
oppressor: oppressors+/ oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor / oppression: oppressions/ oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His parents, with no sense of their designated role as oppressors, let his punk band practice in their house.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He said, “I also learned that the oppressor is always afraid.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
I am always amazed by this "colonial" mentality that the oppressors hold their model way of life is the desired one.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: n. 压迫者，暴君
分布：压迫者(74%)，压制者(26%)
→来自oppress,压制，压迫，-or,人。即压迫者，引申词义暴君。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who treats people in an unfair and cruel way and prevents them from having opportunities and freedom 压迫者；压制者；暴君
• Sisters, we must rise up and defeat our oppressors. 姐妹们，我们必须起来打败压迫我们的人。
n. 压制者，压迫者
 - strangler

Word: penniless
Front: penniless
[ˈpeniləs] (19734/18686 -1)
Vocabulary: penniless
(once / 1834 pages)
adj
Someone who's penniless is very poor — they barely have enough money to pay for basics like food and shelter. If you're penniless, it can be tempting to buy a lottery ticket — but your odds of winning are terrible.
People who live without enough — either because they've lost a job, had other bad luck, or are experiencing a temporarily poor stage in their lives — can call themselves penniless. Some college students feel penniless, having only enough cash to buy used books for class and eating every meal in the dining hall. This early fourteenth century word comes from the sense of "without even a penny."
WORD FAMILY
penniless: pennilessness+/penni: pennia, penniless, pennis
USAGE EXAMPLES
We’re told that Lord Byron’s daughter, the Countess of Lovelace, “used her mathematical abilities to devise a system for betting horseraces and ended up penniless.”
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
He fled Germany in May 1933, and died penniless in London four years later, at the age of 59.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Although Rosset persevered with various small-scale publishing enterprises, he lacked the capital to compete for major books, and he died penniless, or close to it.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 一文不名的; 贫穷的; 不名一文; 莫名一文
分布：身无分文的(100%)
→来自penny,便士，-less,无，没有。
adjective
■having no money 一文不名的，一贫如洗的
• She fell in love with a penniless artist. 她爱上了一个一贫如洗的画家。
adj. 身无分文的；贫穷的
 - poor, skint

Word: perceptive
Front: perceptive
[pəˈseptɪv] (托 15291/11302 -1)
Vocabulary: perceptive
(once / 5943 pages)
adj
If someone calls you perceptive, they mean you are good at understanding things or figuring things out. Perceptive people are insightful, intelligent, and able to see what others cannot.
Perceive means "to see"; so, perceptive is a word to describe someone who is good at seeing. Perceptive is derived from the Latin word percipere which means "to obtain or gather." A perceptive person is good at gathering information and using her senses to take in the world. If you are upset but trying to hide it, a perceptive person is the one who will notice.
WORD FAMILY
perceptive: perceptively, perceptiveness, perceptivity, unperceptive+/ imperceptible: imperceptibility, imperceptibly /misperceive: misperceived, misperceives/perceivable: perceivably, unperceivable/ perceive: misperceive, perceivable, perceived, perceiveed, perceiver, perceives, perceiving, perceptible, perception, perceptive, percipient/ perceived: unperceived/perceiver: perceivers/perceiving: unperceiving/perceptibility: perceptibilities/ perceptible: imperceptible, perceptibility, perceptibly/ perception: perceptions/percipient: percipients/unperceivable: unperceivably/unperceiving: unperceivingly/unperceptive: unperceptively, unperceptiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sensitive and perceptive as he is, he becomes, in his new moneyed condition, a snob, amused by the new deference which greets him everywhere.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
One of comedian Nish Kumar’s most perceptive jokes at a recent show was about gentrification involving white people moving into areas where minorities previously lived.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
As a foreign correspondent, Pomfret spent many of the years following rapprochement in China, and his first-hand observations are perceptive.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 有知觉力的; 感知的; 有理解力的
分布：有洞察力的(49%)，感知的(43%)，敏感的(8%)
US [pɚ-] adjective
■very good at noticing and understanding things that many people do not notice 感知能力强的；观察敏锐的；有洞察力的
• Her books are full of perceptive insights into the human condition. 她的书里有很多对人类现况的深入洞见。
adj. 感知的，知觉的；有知觉力的
 - sensory, apperceptive

Word: outmoded
Front: outmoded
[ˌaʊtˈməʊdɪd] (托宝 17416/18486)
Vocabulary: outmoded
(once / 13971 pages)
adj
Something that is outmoded is no longer cool or in style, like your dad's outmoded hairstyle that he's had since he was in high school.
The French are known for their sense of fashion and style, so it's no surprise that they coined the word démodé to describe things that are no longer cool. De- means "out, off, away" and mode means "fashion." The English word outmoded is simply a translation of démodé: "out of fashion" or "out of style."
WORD FAMILY
outmode: outmoded, outmodes, outmoding
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some ways, it is outmoded; in others, it is more vital than ever before.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
What happens when an entire kind of technology becomes outmoded?
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
But he claims that entrepreneurship in the UK is being held back by an outmoded tax system.
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 过时的; 不流行的
v. 使过时( outmode的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：过时的(95%)，动词outmode的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
→out-,超过，mode,模式。比喻用法。
过时的(out+moded时髦的→出了时髦→不时髦的)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
过时的,旧式的(out出+mod+ed→模式出了时代→过时的)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
【记】out出，mode时髦，d一不再时髦的
【参】outnumber（v 数目超过）；out-of-phase（adj 不同步的）；out-of-shape（adj 变样的）；outrage（n 暴行；愤怒）
【反】original（adj 最初的；新颖的）
US [-'moʊ-] disapproving
adjective
■old-fashioned; no longer modern, useful or necessary 过时的；废弃的；无用的
• Outmoded working practices are being phased out. 过时的操作规范正被逐步淘汰。
adj. 过时的，不流行的
 - ancient, unpopular

Word: peaceable
Front: peaceable
[ˈpi:səbl] (24719/23575)
Vocabulary: peaceable
(once / 934 pages)
adj
Someone or something that is peaceable tends to avoid conflict. A peaceable demonstration would most likely involve lots of protest banners instead of angry rioters.
A peaceable group of people finds non-violent ways to resolve disagreements — you could call such a group a peaceable society. This adjective is less common than the closely related peaceful. Both words come from the Old French pais, or "peace," and its Latin root pacem, "treaty of peace" or "absence of war."
WORD FAMILY
peaceable: peaceableness, peaceabler, peaceablest, peaceably, unpeaceable+/ peace: peaceable, peaceful, peaces/ peaceful: peacefuler, peacefulest, peacefully, peacefulness, unpeaceful
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morton strikes a still grander symphonic-anarchic note in “The Impossible Hunt,” her variation on 19th-century artist Edward Hicks’ painting, “The Peaceable Kingdom.”
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Retaliation could come with cyclonic energy, unstoppable even by peaceable chiefs.
Washington Post(Nov 04, 2016)
But for the last century, we’ve been relatively peaceable, killing one another off at a rate of just 1.33 percent worldwide.
National Geographic(Sep 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 和平的，息事宁人的
adv. 息事宁人地n.; 和平
分布：和平的(72%)，温顺的(21%)，不争吵的(7%)
→来自peace,和平，平静。
adjective
■without violence; peaceful 和平的；太平的
• They believe only in peaceable, non-violent protest. 他们只相信和平、非暴力的抗议。
■avoiding arguments 息事宁人的，避免争吵的
• a peaceable person 不爱争吵的人
adj. 和平的；平静的；温顺的
 - pacific, calm, quiet, still

Word: pliable
Front: pliable
[ˈplaɪəbl] (托雅宝 20923/22987)
Vocabulary: pliable
(once / 4610 pages)
adj
Pliable means bendable but not breakable. Wax is pliable, good leather is pliable. If you describe a person as pliable, it usually means that he's easily influenced, like a nightclub owner who takes orders from a crime boss.
When Madame barks "Plier!" (rhymes with "okay") in ballet class, all the students obediently bend their knees into a graceful semi-crouch. Plier is French for bend and it's the root of the word pliable. The word pliable itself is quite pliable, an apt description for everything from building materials to a person's character.
WORD FAMILY
pliable: pliability, pliably+/plier: pliers / ply: pliable, plied, plier, plies, plyer, plying/plyer: plyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using tongs, heat the tortillas briefly until pliable over a gas flame or on a griddle or comal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Any pliable twig will do, but red or yellow dogwood stems or bright green willows look particularly eye-catching.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
They choose the prettiest, the young and pliable.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 易弯的; 柔韧的; 柔顺的; 能适应的
分布：柔软的(60%)，圆滑的(22%)，易曲折的(18%)
→来自ply,弯，转，-able,形容词后缀。
易弯的;柔顺的(pli+able→易折叠的)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
【记】源于：pliant＝pliable（pli＝ply弯）
【参】liable（adj 有责任的；有…倾向的）；labile（adj 易发生变化的）以上词都来自lab化学实验室中易变的药物。
【反】rigid（adj 刚硬的；严格的）；pertinacious＝obdurate（adj 固执的）；difficult to crumble（不易碎的）
adjective
■A pliable substance bends easily without breaking or cracking （物质）易弯的，柔韧的
• Some kinds of plastic become pliable if they're heated. 有些塑胶遇热会变软。
■often disapproving
■A pliable person is easily influenced and controlled by other people （人）易受影响的，顺从的
• He wanted a sweet, pliable, obedient wife. 他想找一个温柔、听话、顺从的妻子。
adj. 柔韧的；柔软的；圆滑的；易曲折的
 - flexible, soft, tender

Word: postage
Front: postage
[ˈpəʊstɪdʒ] (高研四六托雅 13293/9763 -1)
Back: n. 邮费，邮资
分布：邮费(96%)，邮资已付邮戳(4%)
→来自post,邮寄。
邮资(post+age钱;状态)[post-①表示"在后面"②表示"邮件,邮政"]
邮费(post邮局)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
n.邮费,邮资The postage for an airmail is 2 dollars.一封航空信的邮资是两美元.
US ['poʊ-] noun uncountable
■the money that you pay for sending letters and parcels through the post 邮资，邮费
• Please enclose £15.99, plus £2 for postage. 请附上15.99英镑，外加2英镑邮资。
n. [邮] 邮资，邮费
 - taxe, franking

Word: proverb
Front: proverb
[ˈprɒvɜ:b] (六 12937/15355)
Vocabulary: proverb
(once / 607 pages)
n
If your Aunt Nellie is fond of sayings like "All's well that ends well," and "A penny saved is a penny earned," then she's a proverb expert. A proverb is a short, catchy phrase that expresses a true or useful idea.
Most proverbs have been around long enough, and endlessly repeated, that they are commonly seen as telling an important truth. People tend to use proverbs to give advice, the way you might say "practice makes perfect" to encourage your little brother to keep trying when he's learning to ride a bike. The Latin root proverbium combines the prefix pro with verbium, which together mean a word that you put forward, or a common saying.
WORD FAMILY
proverb: proverbial +/ proverbial: proverbially
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is much like the old Swedish proverb that expresses, “A shared joy is a doubled joy. A shared sorrow is half a sorrow.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His sculpture Proverb, Syme writes, “formidable in Dallas, looks almost fragile here, like it will one day turn to dust.”
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The proverb about the enemy of my enemy being my friend is always relevant in the Middle East.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 谚语，格言; 话柄，笑柄; 人人知道的事情，有名的事情; 俚谚剧，俚谚游戏
分布：谚语(84%)，格言(14%)，众所周知的人(2%)
→pro-,向前，-verb,说，词源同verbal.引申词义谚语，格言等。
格言(pro前面+verb→放在前面的词→格言)[verb=word,表示"词语"]
US ['prɑ:.vɝ:b] noun countable
■a short sentence, etc., usually known by many people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice 谚语，格言
• The appetite, says the proverb, grows with eating. 俗话说，吃得越多，胃口越大。
• [+ that] There is an old Arab proverb that everything you write or speak should pass through three gates: Is this kind? Is this necessary? Is this true? 有句古老的阿拉伯谚语说，你写的或说的每句话都得经过三道关：这是出于善意的吗？这是必要的吗？这是真的吗？
n. 谚语，格言；众所周知的人或事
 - saying, saw

Word: ppm
Front: ppm
['pi:p'i:'em] (-/17833)
Back: abbr. part per million 百万分之…

Word: pylon
Front: pylon
[ˈpaɪlən] (宝 21861/16295)
Vocabulary: pylon
(once / 12737 pages)
n
A pylon is a bar or rod that supports some structure, like a bridge or a highway overpass. You might notice the pylons underpinning your city's elevated train tracks.
Pylons are often made of steel or concrete, because they are strong substances that can hold a large amount of weight. A pylon needs to be sturdy, since it is supporting a bridge, road, or power lines. Other pylons act as navigational aids, marking paths for cars or small planes. The word's original meaning was "gateway to an Egyptian temple." Pylon is a Greek word that means "gateway," from pyle, "gate or entrance."
WORD FAMILY
pylon: pylons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The outside receivers bolted across the middle, and the inside receivers, crossing in front to disrupt the coverage, darted toward the back pylons.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
He took a quick pass in the flat, sped down the left sideline and reached the pylon with a soaring dive.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
When IS came, my husband was away working repairing electricity pylons.
BBC(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. （架高压输电线的）电缆塔
分布：桥塔(64%)，塔门(18%)，高压电线架(9%)，路标塔(9%)
→来自希腊语pylon,门，入口，来自pyle,门，入口，山口。后用于指埃及神庙的入口，后引申词义桥塔，电缆塔等。
高压电线架;桥塔(来自希腊词pulon,意为大门口,门道)"[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
【记】读：怕冷，所以要架高压电线架，供电后就可以。
US [-lɑ:n] noun countable
■a tall steel structure to which wires carrying electricity are fixed so that they are safely held high above the ground （架高压输电线的）电缆塔，高压电线架；铁塔
• electricity pylons 电缆塔
■a tall tower or post which shows where aircraft should land （机场的）标塔，指示塔
n. [交] 桥塔；指示塔；高压线铁塔
 - bridgehead

Word: quartz
Front: quartz
[kwɔ:ts] (研六托 16587/13134)
Vocabulary: quartz
(once / 1854 pages)
n
Quartz is a mineral that's usually clear or white, but is sometimes tinted a translucent color. It's common for quartz to be part of other rocks, and often you can see its stripes cutting through smooth beach stones.
Quartz is very hard and shiny, and it's also quite common. There are many different types of quartz, and the rarest ones are considered semi-precious gemstones, like citrine and amethyst. This is the quartz that's used to make jewelry. Its chemical name is silicon dioxide, and it has a crystal structure. Quartz comes from the German Quarz, "rock crystal."
WORD FAMILY
quartz: quartzes
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you count smart and quartz models, thousands of watches, with very different functions and purposes, entered the market in 2016.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
They met under Schuster’s command on Wednesdays at 2 p.m. in a corner room of the Brain building called Quartz Lake.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“Millenial pink”, “not pink pink”, “rose quartz” – call it what you like.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. [矿]石英
分布：石英(100%)
→来自德语Quarz,石头结晶体，石英。
n.石英The guardian found a quarterly quart of quartz in the safeguard.监护人在安全装置内找到了四分之一夸脱石英.
US ['kwɔ:rts] noun uncountable
■a hard colourless mineral substance, used in making electronic equipment and accurate watches and clocks 石英
n. [矿物] 石英
 - crystalline silica

Word: ragtag
Front: ragtag
[ˈrægtæg] (24795/-)
Vocabulary: ragtag
(once / 27551 pages)
n
A ragtag is a disorganized or motley group of people. When a parade marching band is described as a ragtag, it probably has mismatched outfits and an odd collection of instruments.
The noun ragtag comes from the old-fashioned phrase rag, tag, and bobtail — bobtail was once slang for "contemptible rascal," while tag was used to mean "torn cloth." Together, the phrase meant "riffraff" or "an unsavory bunch of folks." Today, you're more likely to see ragtag used as an adjective, as it is in the musical "Hamilton," in which the Continental Army is described as "a ragtag volunteer army in need of a shower."
WORD FAMILY
ragtag: ragtags
USAGE EXAMPLES
They called themselves the Penn Station Nation, a ragtag group of roughly 50 homeless people who congregated around New York City’s bustling transportation hub.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
The chorus of ragtag political exiles in Act IV was rendered with stabbing intensity.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
League officials worried that games would become too ragtag and fans would eventually get bored.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 贱民，下等人
分布：衣衫褴褛的(58%)，贱民的(28%)，群氓的(14%)
→rag,破布，tag,标签。比喻用法。
adjective
■untidy and not similar or organized 混杂的；杂乱的；组织散乱的
• The village was guarded by a ragtag group of soldiers. 这个村庄由一群杂牌军士兵把守着。
• He arrived with a ragtag collection of friends. 他带着一些三教九流的朋友来了。
n. 贱民；乌合之众；下层社会
 - pariah, doggery
adj. 贱民的；衣衫褴褛的
 - ragged, threadbare

Word: sic
Front: sic
[sɪk] (8109/10378)
Vocabulary: sic
(once / 1171 pages)
1adv 2v
When urging your dog to chase a thief, you might say, "Sic 'em, Fluffy!" When writing something that might look wrong, you add "[sic]" to indicate you know it's wrong.
When you’re writing a paper and you want to quote a source, but the source contains a misspelling or some other error, you use the word [sic] after the quote so that whoever reads your paper knows the mistake is in the original source, rather than in your own sloppy typing. It’s kind of a way of saying, “Yeah, I know this is wrong, but let’s just be clear — I didn't do it!”
WORD FAMILY
sic: sicced, siccing, sics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The killing shocked Toronto; several years later, in 2012, fighting between the gang’s descendants, the Sic Thugz, led to another weekend shootout.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Private security hired by the fossil fuel company building the pipeline, Energy Transfer Partners, also sicced dogs on the self-described water protectors.
Salon(Nov 03, 2016)
Michael Dean's "Sic Glyphs" combines works from two exhibitions consisting of sculptures made with corrugated metal.
Reuters(Sep 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 〈外〉原文如此
vt. （也作sick）猛烈攻击，进攻; 唆使
时态：sicked, sicking, sics
分布：原文如此(68%)，攻击(16%)，袭击(16%)
adverb
■a word written in brackets after a word that you have copied to show that you know it has been spelled or used wrongly 原文如此（置于括弧内，表示前面引用的文字原文有错误）
• The notice outside the cinema said 'Closed on Wedensday' (sic). 电影院外的布告上写着 Closed on Wednesday

Word: seine
Front: seine
[seɪn] (宝 36495/19738)
Back: n. （捕鱼用）围网
vt. & vi. 用围网捕鱼
时态：seined, seining, seines
分布：围网(78%)，用围网捕鱼(22%)
→来自古英语 segne,拖网，鱼网，来自 West Germanic*sagina,鱼网，来自希腊语 sagene,鱼网。
【记】Seine塞纳河，法国北部的一条河。Seine首次在塞纳河使用
n. 围网；拖地大网
 - purse net

Word: sickle
Front: sickle
[ˈsɪkl] (15609/15810 -1)
Back: n. 镰刀; 收割机中的切割装置
vt. 用镰刀割…; 使（红血细胞）成镰状
vi. 呈现出一种异常的月牙状，用于指红血细胞
分布：镰刀(100%)
→来自古英语 sicol,来自通俗拉丁语*sicila,来自拉丁语 secula,镰刀，来自 secare,砍，切，来自 sek,砍，切，词源同 segment,secateurs.
noun countable
■a tool with a short handle and a curved blade, used for cutting grass and grain crops 镰刀 Compare scythe
n. [农机] 镰刀
 - grasshook, reaphook

Word: sinful
Front: sinful
[ˈsɪnfl] (13589/15742)
Back: adj. 有罪的，作孽的; 罪孽深重
分布：罪恶的(53%)，有罪的(47%)
→sin,罪，罪行，-ful,形容词后缀。引申词义不道德的，邪恶的。
adjective
■against the rules of a religion or morally wrong 有罪过的；不道德的
• He confessed that he had sinful thoughts. 他承认曾动过邪念。
• Buying that sports car was a sinful waste of money. 买那辆跑车浪费金钱，真是罪过。
■informal
■describes something which is very pleasant, but very bad for you 表面诱人实际有害的
• This cream cake is sinful! 这鲜奶油蛋糕很诱人！
adj. 有罪的
 - guilty, culpable

Word: slumber
Front: slumber
[ˈslʌmbə(r)] (六托宝 15579/19044)
Vocabulary: slumber
(once / 358 pages)
vn
Slumber means "sleep" — as a verb or noun. If you're a sound sleeper, you might slumber peacefully right through a thunderstorm, your slumber undisturbed.
To slumber is to sleep, sometimes specifically to sleep lightly or doze. You can slumber in your bed, in your airplane seat, or through your alarm in the morning. Slumber can also describe a peacefulness, like your quiet street that seems to slumber early in the morning. The phrase slumber party was first used in the 1940s to mean a gathering held at night, that usually involves very little slumbering.
WORD FAMILY
slumber: slumbered, slumberer, slumbering, slumberous, slumbers, slumbery, slumbrous+/slumberer: slumberers/slumberous: slumberously/slumbrous: slumbrously
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you are reading this at 3 a.m., chances are that James Proud wants to put you in a deep slumber.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The final step is an overnight slumber party in a low-temperature oven.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
For the Alexa development team, the arduous path began with the choice of a name that would wake Alexa from its slumber.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: v. 微睡，睡眠; 蛰伏，处于静止状态; （用睡眠）消磨（时间）
n. 微睡，安眠，熟睡; 蛰伏
时态：slumbered, slumbering, slumbers
分布：睡眠(53%)，微睡(16%)，睡觉(13%)，休眠(6%)，打盹(6%)，休止状态(3%)，静止(3%)
→来自中古英语 slumeren, 来自 slumen, 打盹，-er,表反复， 来自古英语 sluma, 小睡， 来自 Proto-Germanic*slum,松散的，无力的，来自 sleu,松散的，无力的，词源同 slow,sleep. 插入字母 b,比较 number,numerate.
【记】s死得像lumber木材－睡眠
【参】slumberous（adj 昏昏欲睡的）
US [-bɚ] literary
noun countable or uncountable
■sleep 睡觉，睡眠
• I fell into a gentle slumber. 我甜甜地睡去。
• I didn't want to rouse you from your slumbers. 我不想把你从睡梦中叫醒。
• figurative Sharp cuts in interest rates have failed to bring the economy out of its slumber. 大幅降低利率并没有使经济复苏。
UK ['slʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] literary
verb intransitive
■to sleep 睡，睡觉
nap, slumber, doze, sleep
这组词都有“睡”的意思，其区别是：
nap: 指白天的小睡。
slumber: 多指人安详地或长时间地睡。
doze: 多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。
sleep: 普通用词，指一般的睡眠。可用作引申指长眠或静止不动。
n. 睡眠；麻木状态；静止状态
 - sleep, morpheus

Word: spartan
Front: spartan
['spɑː(r)t(ə)n] (宝 21044/15120 -1)
Vocabulary: spartan
(once / 44941 pages)
adj
A spartan existence is kind of like being a monk. Your room is bare, you live simply and eat sparingly, and your sheets are probably scratchy.
In ancient Greece, there were two great city states: Athens and Sparta. Athens had the artists, the good food, the great parties. Sparta had the warriors — the guys who went to bed early and drilled all day. They lived in bare rooms and didn’t get sick days or time off. A spartan life is a life of discipline and self-denial. Some people like it like that. Go figure.
WORD FAMILY
spartan: spartanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Oh, my God,” David said, remembering the moment he caught sight of the sub’s spartan kitchen.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
In this spartan dining room, she pays homage to the chaatwallahs of Chowpatty Beach and Breach Candy in Mumbai, India, where she grew up.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
More famously, it happened with Amazon.com, which launched in 1995 as an online bookseller with 1 million titles and a spartan home page.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 斯巴达的，斯巴达式的; 纪律性强或严于自律的; 简朴的，节约的; 精炼的
n. 斯巴达; 斯巴达式的人
分布：斯巴达人(30%)，斯巴达式的(19%)，斯巴达的(19%)，斯巴达人的(11%)，斯巴达文化的(7%)，纪律性强的(7%)，刚勇之人(7%)
→来自 Sparta,斯巴达。因斯巴达人以崇尚简朴著称而引申该词义。
斯巴达人[-an表名词和形容词"…地方,...人]
【记】源于古希腊军事重镇Sparta斯巴达，他们以简朴、守纪和语言简练闻名。
【反】sybaritic（adj 奢侈的）；indulgent（adj 纵容的）；opulent（adj 富裕的）；voluptuous（adj 奢侈的）；luxurious（adj 豪华奢侈的）；luxuriant（adj 丰产的；奢华的）；sumptuous（adj 奢侈华丽的）
US ['spɑ:r-] adjective
■simple and severe with no comfort 简朴的，清苦的；斯巴达式的
• a spartan diet/meal 简单的饮食／饭菜
• spartan living conditions 清苦的生活条件
• They lead a rather spartan life, with very few comforts and no luxuries. 他们过著相当简朴的生活，没有舒适豪华的设施。

Word: sidekick
Front: sidekick
[ˈsaɪdkɪk] (15887/22801)
Back: n. [非正式，俚]亲近的同事或朋友; [俚]死党; 好友; [非正式，俚]助手
分布：助手(100%)
→side,边，侧，kick,踢。比喻用法。
['saɪd.kɪk] informal
noun countable
■a person who works with someone who is more important than they are 助手；随从
• I've been his sidekick for long enough - it's time I found myself something better to do. 我当他助手的时间已经够长了——是该为自己找点更好的事情来做的时候了。
n. 伙伴，老朋友；插袋
 - partner, comrade, mates

Word: turkic

Word: substantiate
Front: substantiate
[səbˈstænʃieɪt] (托雅宝 12648/11297 -1)
Vocabulary: substantiate
(once / 3347 pages)
v
To substantiate is to give support to a claim. We’d really like to believe in the Tooth Fairy; however, more evidence is needed to substantiate her existence (besides that quarter in your pocket).
Substantiate is related to the word substantial, which means "solid." So, to substantiate a claim is to make it solid or believable. If the evidence given in support of an argument is weak and unconvincing, that evidence can be described as insubstantial. Of course, in special cases like the Tooth Fairy, having substantial evidence doesn’t seem to matter; fans just keep on believing.
WORD FAMILY
substantiate: substantiated, substantiates, substantiating, substantiation+/substantiated: unsubstantiated/substantiation: substantiations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The report substantiated an Iranian statement last month about a transfer to Oman but does not identify the destination, the diplomat said on Tuesday.
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
The killing caused hysteria throughout the neighborhood with frequent, yet not necessarily substantiated, calls to police about attempted break-ins and prowlers.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
“My belief in the American people is substantiated,” Dr. Lee said.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 用事实支持（某主张、说法等），证实; 使具体（实体）化
时态：substantiated, substantiating, substantiates
分布：证实(88%)，实体化(12%)
→substance,要点，实质，-ate,使。引申词义证实，证明。拼写比较 space,spatial.
证实(sub+stant+iate→[把理论]物质化→证实)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【反】controvert（v 反驳）；disapprove（v 不赞成）；disproof（n 反证）－substantiation（n 实体化；证明）；inane（adj 空洞的）－substantiated（实体化的）
[səb'stæn.ʃi.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to show something to be true, or to support a claim with facts 证明…属实；证实
• We have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him. 我们有证据支持对他的指控。
• Reports that children had been hurt have not been substantiated. 有关儿童受到伤害的报导并未得到证实。
vt. 证实；使实体化
 - favor, make sure, validate, sustain

Word: thoroughfare
Front: thoroughfare
[ˈθʌrəfeə(r)] (15100/18838)
Vocabulary: thoroughfare
(once / 1312 pages)
n
A thoroughfare is a public road that can get you from one place to another. When it snows, plows try to remove the snow from the thoroughfares so the school busses can take everyone to school. You’re welcome.
This somewhat old-fashioned word has a very common meaning — a public road that goes from point A to point B. The word is made up of thorough, Old English for basically, “through” and fare for “journey.” (Fare also now means a payment, but not in thoroughfare.) If a road is private, like a driveway, it’s not a thoroughfare. This word often appears in the phrase "no thoroughfare," which means there isn't a public route available.
WORD FAMILY
thoroughfare: thoroughfares
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two tracks run through the main thoroughfare like a dry, rocky tributary.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
My family lived in a one-bedroom apartment on the second floor of a three-story redbrick apartment building along a main thoroughfare.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Multifamily housing is also popping up near highways and main thoroughfares.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 大道，大街; 通行
分布：大道(77%)，通路(23%)
→thorough,完全的，fare,行程，道路，词源同 farewell,走好，一路顺风。
US ['θɝ:.ə.fer/ UK [-oʊ-] formal
noun countable
■a main road for public use or a passage through somewhere 大街，通衢，大道
no thoroughfare
■On road signs, no thoroughfare means no entry or do not go in. 禁止通行
n. 大道，通路
 - opening, access

Word: tipple
Front: tipple
[ˈtɪpl] (托宝 41067/22750)
Vocabulary: tipple
(once / 6774 pages)
vn
Use the verb tipple when you want to show that someone drinks moderately but regularly. During Prohibition in the 1920s it was illegal to tipple but today you can tipple almost anywhere — as long as you are 21.
As a noun, a tipple is an alcoholic drink. Your usual tipple may be a glass of wine with dinner, but at a summer barbecue your tipple may be beer. From tipple we also get the noun tippler — a person who drinks regularly but moderately. Experts aren't sure where the word tipple comes from, but it may be from a Norwegian word, tipla, which means to drink slowly.
WORD FAMILY
tipple: tippled, tippler, tipples, tippling+/tippler: tipplers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today’s mulled wine may be a holiday novelty; it’s also a common tipple at private parties in Austria.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
He explained that the tipple is where a coal’s mode of transportation changes.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
A tipple of that unique brandy proves that the distiller’s art is yet one more facet of the city’s creative side.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 致醉的饮料，烈酒
v. 不断喝，饮烈酒
时态：tippled, tippling, tipples
分布：酒(59%)，烈酒(19%)，常喝(15%)，不断喝酒(7%)
【记】tip（n 顶；小费；v 使翻倒），ple：喝多了就会翻到－酗酒ti踢，pple＝apple：喝多了的人给他苹果吃，他会踢了酗酒
informal
noun countable
■an alcoholic drink 酒精饮料
• What's your tipple (= What alcoholic drink do you usually drink) ? 你喝甚么酒？
n. 酒；烈酒
 - liquor, vin
vi. 饮酒
 - have a drink

Word: uppity
Front: uppity
[ˈʌpəti] (27675/35889)
Vocabulary: uppity
(once / 58224 pages)
adj
People might describe you as uppity if you're bossy and stuck-up. An uppity waiter at a fancy restaurant might look visibly disgusted if you wear your oldest sneakers and your overalls to dinner.
Someone who's a snob or who acts like a pompous know-it-all deserves to be described as uppity. It's an informal way to talk about a snooty or arrogant person, and it first appeared in African American English in the nineteenth century. The initial published use of uppity was in "Uncle Remus," a collection of African American folk stories adapted by a white journalist in 1881.
WORD FAMILY
uppity: uppityness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But here’s Hillary Rodham Clinton, the very public stand-in for all bossy, uppity and ambitious women.
Time(Oct 31, 2016)
Trump avenges himself on uppity women by making fun of their bodies on Twitter.
Salon(Oct 28, 2016)
Thomas, the court's second black justice, denied the allegations and called the Senate hearings "a high-tech lynching for uppity blacks."
Reuters(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 自负的，傲慢的，不易控制的
分布：自负的(51%)，傲慢的(33%)，不易控制的(16%)
→比喻用法。
US [-ə.tˌi] informal disapproving
adjective
■describes a person who behaves in an unpleasant way because they think that they are more important than they really are 傲慢的，自大的
• He got/became very uppity when his fashion designs were criticized. 他的时装设计遭到了批评，但他根本就不屑一顾。
adj. 傲慢的；自负的；不易控制的
 - proud, assuming

Word: upstage
Front: upstage
[ˌʌpˈsteɪdʒ] (宝 20083/19146 -1)
Vocabulary: upstage
(once / 16624 pages)
advvnadj
To upstage is to steal the show. If you try to upstage your "Grease" costar, you'll attempt to pull the audience's attention away from him and onto you at the back of the stage doing cartwheels.
A child actor might accidentally upstage an adult simply by being adorable, or a minor character could upstage the star of a play with an amazing performance. When you upstage someone, the audience's focus shifts from that person to you. Another way to use the verb upstage is to describe the acting technique of moving back on the stage, away from the audience, so that another actor must turn her back toward them.
WORD FAMILY
upstage: upstaged, upstager, upstages, upstaging+/upstager: upstagers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most dramatic possible outcome would be for the SIS participants, or at least some of them, to upstage their mentors.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
But you don’t want it to upstage the main event.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Standing in male-female pairs, they face upstage, and as the music starts, the men swing into arabesque facing the audience.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 向舞台后部; 在舞台后部
adj. 舞台后部的; <口>傲慢的; 自负的
n. 舞台后部; 后台
vt. 抢戏; 抢镜头; 使相形见绌; 傲慢地对待
时态：upstaged, upstaging, upstages
分布：舞台后部(35%)，抢风头(15%)，势利的(10%)，高傲的(10%)，在或向舞台后部地(10%)，在后台部的(10%)，势利地对待(10%)
【记】up上，stage（n 舞台）－在舞台上的人是自负的
verb transitive /ʌpˈsteɪdʒ/
■to take people's attention away from someone and make them listen to or look at you instead 抢…的风头
• Most supporting bands tend to be youngsters, and rarely upstage the star. 大多数伴奏的乐队由年轻乐手组成，很少会抢歌星的风头。
adverb [before noun] adjective]ʌpˈsteɪdʒ/ /ˈ--/ towards or at the part of a theatre stage that is furthest from the people watching the performance 向舞台后部（的）；在舞台后部（的）
• He looks upstage to where the body is lying. 他向舞台后部那个人躺着的地方看去。
Opposite downstage
vt. 抢…镜头；使相形见绌
 - overdrop
adj. 自负的；在舞台后部的
 - proud, conceited

Word: tut
Front: tut
[tʌt] (44158/24807)
Back: int. 嘘（表示焦虑、责难的发声）
n. 嘘声
vi. 发出嘘声
时态：tutted, tutting, tuts
分布：发出啧声(100%)
exclamation (also tut tut)
■a written representation of the sound made to show you disapprove of something, or a word said twice in a humorous way to suggest disapproval （表示不赞成或指责）啧啧（声）
• Tut, it's raining - I'm going to get soaked. 啧啧，下雨了——我要淋成落汤鸡了。
• You're late again - tut tut! 你又迟到了——啧啧！
[tʌt] verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to make a disapproving sound or speak in a disapproving way （表示不赞成或责难的）嘘！啧！
• He walked off, tutting to himself. 他走开了，口中啧啧不已。
• [+ speech] "Still not out of bed?" she tutted (= said in a disapproving way). “还没起床？”她啧啧道。
int. 啧（表示不耐烦或指责）
 - chut, tut-tut

Word: undershoot
Front: undershoot
[ˌʌndəˈʃu:t] None
Back: vt. 射击低于，脱靶
n. 负脉冲信号，下冲
分布：脱靶(67%)，飞机未达预定点着陆(33%)
→under-, 未达到，shoot, 射，击。原指射程未达到，用于指飞机未达跑道着陆。

Word: vinyl
Front: vinyl
[ˈvaɪnl] (9685/12616 -2)
Back: n. [化]乙烯基; 黑胶唱片
分布：乙烯基(100%)
→vin-,葡萄，葡萄酒，-yl,化学名词后缀，基。用于指乙烯基。
【记】读：why no？，为什么不用，如此好的塑料。
noun uncountable
■strong plastic which can be bent, and which is used for making floor coverings, furniture, clothing, etc. or (in the past) records 乙烯基（塑胶）；（旧时）压制唱片的塑胶
n. [有化] 乙烯基
 - ethenyl

Word: basil
Front: basil
[ˈbæzl] (7391/7346 -1)
Vocabulary: basil
(once / 35708 pages)
n
Basil is a strongly scented herb. Basil is commonly used on pizza, in spaghetti sauce, and in pesto.
When you grow basil in an herb garden, you can pinch off the glossy, deep green leaves and use them for cooking. Basil is native to India, but it was introduced to other regions around the world so long ago that it's a basic ingredient in traditional Italian and Thai dishes, among others. The root of basil is the Greek basilikon, "royal plant," from basileus, "king."
WORD FAMILY
basil: basils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Remove from heat and stir in the fresh basil and oregano.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Makan’s crave-worthy pineapple, cucumber and basil salad brings on the funk with a dressing of fish sauce, dried shrimp and toasted coconut paste.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Put the basil, coriander, pistachios, cardamom, lime zest, lime juice, oil, garlic, chilli and half a teaspoon of salt in a large bowl.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 罗勒属植物; 斜刃面
分布：名词(100%)
→来自希腊语, basileus, 国王。该植物通常被用作王室香料。
US ['beɪ.zəl] noun uncountable
■a herb with a sweet smell which is used to add flavour in cooking 罗勒（烹饪中用作调味的香草），九层塔

Word: bern
Front: bern
[bə:n] (-/29303)
Back: n. 伯尔尼
分布：名词(100%)

Word: anglicanism

Word: benevolence
Front: benevolence
[bə'nevələns] (18646/19593)
Vocabulary: benevolence
(once / 869 pages)
n
Benevolence is an act of kindness or an inclination to be kind. It's the quality of someone who volunteers in a soup kitchen, tutors children for free, and helps old ladies cross the street.
Helping your grandmother with her groceries is an act of benevolence — as long as she doesn’t pay you a dollar per bag. Letting your little sister have the last helping of ice cream shows benevolence. Benevolence is any kind act, but it can also describe the desire to do nice things. When you’re feeling selfish, you probably won’t show benevolence, but if benevolence comes through in spite of your crankiness, then you know you’re really a good person.
WORD FAMILY
benevolence: benevolences+/ benevolent: benevolence, benevolently
USAGE EXAMPLES
This new one will emerge fully formed and perfect and full of benevolence for all.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
With that, the ideals of presidential “dignity,” “humility,” “decorum,” “benevolence,” “knowledge” and “expertise” also died untimely deaths.
Salon(Dec 05, 2016)
The cozy benevolence of Sarah McLachlan’s voice is the constant on an album that puts considerable thought into customizing familiar songs.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 仁慈; 善举; 捐赠; <史>恩税（旧时英王向民间征收的一种税金）
分布：善行(64%)，善意(20%)，慈悲(16%)
善心,仁慈[vod,otunt=wish,will,表示"意志,意愿"]
【反】antipathy（n 厌恶）；truculence（n 凶残）
ADJ-GRADED
（当权者）仁慈的，慈爱的，乐善好施的
If you describe a person in authority as benevolent, you mean that they are kind and fair.
例：The company has proved to be a most benevolent employer...事实证明，这家公司是非常好的雇主。
例：They believe that the country needs a benevolent dictator.他们认为国家需要一位仁爱的独裁者。
ADJ
（用于慈善机构名称）慈善的，救济的
Benevolent is used in the names of some organizations that give money and help to people who need it.
例：...the Army Benevolent Fund.陆军慈善基金
n. 仁慈；善行
 - humanity, mercy, kindness, good

Word: cavernous
Front: cavernous
[ˈkævənəs] (12755/19562 -1)
Vocabulary: cavernous
(once / 4180 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something reminds you of a cave or cavern in size, shape, or feel, you can describe it with the adjective cavernous. Your cavernous basement is huge, damp, and dark, but fortunately there are no bats down there.
Cavernous, "cavern," and "cave" all come from the same Latin root word cavus, meaning hollow. Anything that's vast or deep can be described as cavernous, like your favorite professor's cavernous knowledge about the subject of 17th century literature. As a medical or anatomical term, cavernous refers to something that is porous, particularly when it's filled with tiny blood vessels.
WORD FAMILY
cavernous: cavernously+/ cavern: caverned, caverning, cavernous, caverns
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a year at cozy Williams, the empty dorm felt cavernous and overwhelming to the Robinson family.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Buyers of a four-bedroom family home in London need deep pockets - but perhaps not as cavernous as a year ago.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Under threat of demolition for years, this cavernous space will soon house the largest start-up incubator in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 洞穴状的; 瓮声的; 多孔的
分布：似巨穴的(54%)，多洞穴的(46%)
US [-ɚn-] adjective
■If something is cavernous, there is a very large open space inside it 似洞穴般的；（内部）大而深的，宽广的
• a cavernous 4000-seat theatre 有4000个座位的宽敞的剧院。

Word: bowie

Word: browbeat
Front: browbeat
[ˈbraʊbi:t] (宝 31119/39618)
Vocabulary: browbeat
(once / 9256 pages)
v
To browbeat is to intimidate with language. Picture yourself in a police station. The cops are trying to get you to talk by using tough, even abusive, language. They are browbeating you.
When someone browbeats you, they're giving you a beating with their mouth and their mind. If your parents have to browbeat you into cleaning your room, they nag you, yell at you and they may even make fun of you and your bad cleaning habits. While the word brow means forehead, think that they're using their head, or brow, to beat you down. It's a figurative, rather than a literal, beating.
WORD FAMILY
browbeat: browbeaten, browbeating, browbeats
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s only when Jamal’s father shows up unannounced to browbeat the kid about his gunshot-induced stage fright that the younger Lyon’s pulse skyrockets.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Ms Sturgeon pledged a listening exercise - not to browbeat opponents of independence but to listen, to evolve their arguments and ultimately to convince.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
And I had been so browbeaten, heard I was going to be fired, that they were going to send in an action director.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. （以言辞或表情）威逼，恫吓
时态：browbeat, browbeaten, browbeating, browbeats
分布：威吓(53%)，恫吓(47%)
【记】brow眉毛，beat打架。>:-<（吓唬）
['braʊ.bi:t] (browbeat, browbeaten)
verb transitive
■to try to force someone to do something by threatening them or persuading them forcefully and unfairly 威吓，吓唬
• Don't be browbeaten into working more hours than you want. 别被唬住去加班工作。
vt. 恫吓，吓唬；欺侮
 - bulldoze, gally

Word: canning
Front: canning
['kænɪŋ] (17390/23811)
Back: n. 罐头制造
v. 将…装入密封罐中保存( can的现在分词 )
分布：罐头制造业(34%)，装罐头(33%)，动词can的现在分词形式.(33%)
MODAL
(表示某事物的特点)能够，可以
You use can when you are mentioning a quality or fact about something which people may make use of if they want to.
例：Pork is also the most versatile of meats. It can be roasted whole or in pieces...在肉类中,猪肉的做法也是最多的,可以整块烤来吃,也可以切片烤来吃。
例：Luckily, iron can be reworked and mistakes don't have to be thrown away...所幸的是,铁可以再加工,次品、废品不必被扔掉。
MODAL
(表示有能力或机会)能，会，可以
You use can to indicate that someone has the ability or opportunity to do something.
例：Don't worry yourself about me, I can take care of myself...你别担心我,我能照顾好自己。
例：I can't give you details because I don't actually have any details...我没办法给你提供细节,因为我并不了解任何细节。
MODAL
(用于否定句，表示情况不允许)不能，无法
You use cannot to indicate that someone is not able to do something because circumstances make it impossible for them to do it.
例：People who can't afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches...看不起电影或听不起音乐会的人可以去观看足球赛。
例：We cannot buy food, clothes and pay for rent and utilities on $20 a week...一个星期才20美元,不够我们吃穿、付房租及水电等费用的。
MODAL
有可能;有时会
You use can to indicate that something is true sometimes or is true in some circumstances.
例：...long-term therapy that can last five years or more...有可能持续5年乃至更长时间的长期治疗。
例：A vacant lot or a bombsite can, to the amateur naturalist, produce an extraordinary variety of flora and fauna...对于业余博物学者来说,在一片空地上或被炸后的废墟里可能发现种类繁多的植物群和动物群。
MODAL
(用于否定句，表示确信某事不真实或不会发生)不可能，不会
You use cannot and can't to state that you are certain that something is not the case or will not happen.
例：From her knowledge of Douglas's habits, she feels sure that the attacker can't have been Douglas...根据她对道格拉斯习性的了解,她敢断定他不可能是那个袭击者。
例：Things can't be that bad...情况不会糟到那个地步。
MODAL
(表示允许)可以
You use can to indicate that someone is allowed to do something. You use cannot or can't to indicate that someone is not allowed to do something.
例：You must buy the credit life insurance before you can buy the disability insurance...你必须先购买信用人寿保险,方可购买伤残保险。
例：No-one can set up a waste disposal company unless they can show that they've got enough money and trained staff to do the job properly...任何人若想成立废品处理公司,必须证明其拥有足够资金和受训员工以保证工作可以顺利开展。
MODAL
不行;不能;不该
You use cannot or can't when you think it is very important that something should not happen or that someone should not do something.
例：It is an intolerable situation and it can't be allowed to go on...这种情况忍无可忍,不能再任其继续下去了。
例：The Commission can't demand from Sweden more than it demands from its own members.委员会对瑞典的要求不能比对自己的会员国要求都多。
MODAL
(通常用于疑问句，表示建议或提议帮忙)能
You use can, usually in questions, in order to make suggestions or to offer to do something.
例：What can I do around here?...我在这儿能做点儿什么?
例：This old lady was struggling out of the train and I said, 'Oh, can I help you?'...我看见这位老太太正颤巍巍地下火车,就问:“嗯,我来帮您一把吗?”
MODAL
(用于疑问句时,can 表示礼貌的请求，而 can't 表示强烈请求）
You use can in questions in order to make polite requests. You use can't in questions in order to request strongly that someone does something.
例：Can I have a look at that?...我能不能看一眼那个?
例：Can you please help?...请你帮个忙好吗?
MODAL
(用于有礼貌地打断,或引导要说的话)能,可以
You use can as a polite way of interrupting someone or of introducing what you are going to say next.
例：Can I interrupt you just for a minute?...我能不能打断你们一下?
例：But if I can interrupt, Joe, I don't think anybody here is personally blaming you...对不起,乔,我插一句,可我认为在座的没有谁在埋怨你。
MODAL
(与 imagine, think, believe 等动词连用,用来加强语气)能
You use can with verbs such as 'imagine', 'think', and 'believe' in order to emphasize how you feel about a particular situation.
例：You can imagine he was terribly upset...你能想象得出来,他当时心里乱得要命。
例：You can't think how glad I was to see them all go...你都想象不到,我看到他们全都走了,心里是多么高兴。
MODAL
(与 how 一起用于疑问句,表示感受强烈)能,能够
You use can in questions with 'how' to indicate that you feel strongly about something.
例：How can you complain about higher taxes?...你怎么能抱怨税费的提高呢?
例：How can millions of dollars go astray?...几百万美元怎么可能不翼而飞呢?

Word: chesapeake

Word: classy
Front: classy
[ˈklɑ:si] (12770/14582 -1)
Vocabulary: classy
(once / 9381 pages)
adj
On a first date, make a good impression. If you're the one choosing the location, pick a classy spot, one that's stylish and sophisticated — or that at least doesn't have a drive-through window.
Classy is a word used to describe people, places or things, that have a lot of "class." But a classy person isn't just someone who wears expensive clothes. Classy can also refer to someone who puts a high standard on the way he behaves. A classy gentleman open doors for ladies. A classy gesture is something someone does that reflects this high standard of behavior. Giving up your seat to a pregnant lady on the bus: a classy gesture.
WORD FAMILY
classy: classier, classiest, classily+/ class: classed, classes, classify, classing, classless, classy, subclass, superclass, underclass/classifiable: classifiably, unclassifiable/ classification: classifications, reclassification/classified: classifieds, unclassified/classifier: classifiers/ classify: classifiable, classification, classificatory, classified, classifier, classifies, classifying, declassify, reclassify /declassify: declassification, declassified, declassifying/reclassification: reclassifications/ reclassify: reclassified, reclassifying/subclass: subclasses/underclass: underclasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across the street, we climbed to the rooftop of a hotel and crashed a classy $50-a-plate dinner, with a band playing poolside.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
On how important it is to him that the next generation stays classy on and off the court:
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Romo said so himself in a classy statement, conceding that Prescott “earned the right to be our quarterback.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 优等的; 上等的; 〈俚〉漂亮的
级别：classier, classiest
分布：优等的(45%)，漂亮的(37%)，有品味的(18%)
→来自class,阶级，特指最高阶级。
US ['klæs.i] adjective
■stylish or fashionable 流行的；时髦的；豪华的
• That's one classy vehicle you've got there. 你那辆车真是太气派了。
adj. 优等的；上等的；漂亮的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute

Word: confessional
Front: confessional
[kənˈfeʃənl] (13728/21098 -1)
Back: n. 忏悔室，（教堂内的）告解室; “confession”的派生
adj. 忏悔的; 自白的; “confession”的派生
分布：忏悔室(46%)，忏悔的(33%)，告解室(21%)
noun countable
■a small structure like a box in a church, especially a Roman Catholic church, which people enter privately to confess to a priest （尤指天主教堂中神父听取忏悔、告罪的）忏悔室，告解室
adj. 忏悔的；自白的
 - penitent

Word: dispenser
Front: dispenser
[dɪˈspensə(r)] (15903/16079)
Back: n. 配药师; 分配器; 自动售卖机; 自动取款机（或饮水机等）
分布：药剂师(59%)，分配者(26%)，配药员(15%)
→来自dispense, 分配，分发。用于指自动取款机或自动售货机。
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a machine or container that you can get something from 分发装置，分配器
• a cash/soap/drinks dispenser 提款机／皂液器／饮料机
n. 药剂师；施与者；分配者； [贸易] 自动售货机
 - distributor, pharmacist

Word: cusp
Front: cusp
[kʌsp] (17389/27384)
Vocabulary: cusp
(once / 11365 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A cusp in geometry is the point where two curves meet. It's a kind of transition. If you're on the cusp of manhood, you’re not quite grown up, but you’re definitely not a little boy anymore either.
The word comes from Latin cuspis, "point." You'll see lots of cusps in Gothic churches — a point where two arches meet, or where decorative curves meet to form a point. The little points that stick out on the surface of your teeth that are flat on top — the ones you use for grinding — are also called cusps. Those teeth right behind your canine teeth but before your molars have two cusps, and they're called bicuspids.
WORD FAMILY
cusp: cusps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the diary bits are not very revealing, being the moody musings, including poetry, of a young woman on the cusp of 20 years old.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And then there is Kasia Galdyn, from Poland, who is on the cusp of cooking her first Christmas dinner in the UK.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“We are on the cusp of a revolution,” Mark Fields, Ford’s chief executive, said at the Los Angeles Auto Show in November.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 尖头，尖端; 滩嘴; 歧点; 牙齿
分布：尖端(64%)，尖头(25%)，交点(11%)
→来自sker, 切，砍，词源同shear,carnal.
noun only singular
■the dividing line between two very different things 分界线
• on the cusp of adulthood 即将成年
n. 尖头；尖端
 - sharp, tip, apex

Word: disloyalty
Front: disloyalty
[dɪs'lɔɪəltɪ] (23579/19456)
Back: n. 不忠实; 不信; 不义; 背信弃义
分布：不忠实(100%)
n. 不忠实；不义，不贞；背信弃义
 - unfaithfulness, falseness

Word: escalator
Front: escalator
[ˈeskəleɪtə(r)] (托雅 14743/19400)
Vocabulary: escalator
(once / 15532 pages)
n
An escalator is a motorized stairway that moves people up and down flights. When you get on an escalator, you can stand still and let it carry you. If you want to really annoy the people behind you, stand to the left on the escalator and block their passage.
It's common for shopping malls, airports, and other large, public buildings to provide escalators as a way for people to get from one floor to another. An escalator works by moving a large belt of linked steps with a motor — each step seems to disappear as it moves parallel with the floor at your destination. In 1900, the Otis Elevator Company coined the word escalator, from escalade, "use ladders to scale a wall."
WORD FAMILY
escalator: escalators
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the police removed a blockade to the escalator exactly on schedule, applause erupted from the crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And he’s got the escalators running again in the city’s government office.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
At Walt Disney Concert Hall downtown, sculptural clouds lighted from within and showering choral music, hung over the entryway escalators.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 自动扶梯
分布：自动扶梯(100%)
→e-, 缓音字母。-scala, 梯子，词源同ascend, echelon.
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a set of stairs moved up or down by electric power on which people can stand and be taken from one level of a building to another, especially in shops, railway stations and airports 自动手扶梯，电梯
• I'll meet you by the up/down escalator on the second floor. 我会在三楼向上／下去的自动手扶梯旁跟你碰头。

Word: ether
Front: ether
[ˈi:θə(r)] (16825/16313)
Vocabulary: ether
(once / 703 pages)
1n 2n
Ether is a chemical that used to be a common anesthetic that you inhaled before undergoing surgery. In most countries, doctors have replaced it with less flammable, safer drugs.
The chemical ether is a colorless liquid that's still used as an anesthetic in some developing countries and as an industrial solvent. The Latin root is aether, which means "the upper pure, bright air". Ether was originally a scientific term for what 19th century physicists called "the fifth element," a substance that was said to fill all space and make up all bodies. In modern times, ether has come to be a literary term that refers to the sky.
WORD FAMILY
ether: ethereal, etherise, etherize, ethers+/ ethereal: etherealize, ethereally, etherialise/etherealize: etherealized, etherealizes, etherealizing/etherialise: etherialised/etherise: etherised/etherize: etherized, etherizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She lives on, unchallenged, in the cultural ether.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
He fell backward, with his forward progress somewhere in the ether.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
“The music stirringly navigates the ether between heaven and earth,” Post critic Peter Marks wrote when the show premiered.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. <化>醚; the ether 苍穹; 苍天; 太空
分布：醚(90%)，以太(8%)，太空(2%)
→来自aidh, 燃烧，词源同edifice, ardor. 原来指纯火燃烧之地，最高天，苍穹。后用来指乙醚，因其轻而得名。参照empyrean.
US [-θɚ] noun
MEDICAL 医学的
uncountable
■a colourless liquid used, especially in the past, as an anaesthetic to make people sleep before a medical operation （尤指旧时用于麻醉的）醚，乙醚
UK ['i:.θər] US [-θɚ] noun
SKY 天空
the ether (also the aether) only singular old use
■the clear sky; the upper air, or the airwaves 苍穹，太空；无线电波
n. [药] 乙醚； [有化] 以太；苍天；天空醚
 - aether, expanse

Word: fetal
Front: fetal
['fi:tl] (9932/10995)
Vocabulary: fetal
(once / 12669 pages)
adj
Something that's fetal relates to the developing offspring of an animal before it's born. Fetal growth can be measured using sonograms and other tools.
A fetal animal is also called a fetus, and something humans have in common with all other animals is our beginning in a fetal form, before our birth. Fetal development describes the way a fetus grows and changes over time, and when someone's in a fetal position, they're curled forward with bent arms and legs — like a fetus in its mother's womb. Fetal stems from the Latin fetus, "the bearing of young," or "a bringing forth."
WORD FAMILY
fetal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Majority Republicans proposed the bills after an anti-abortion group released videos it said showed Planned Parenthood illegally selling fetal tissue for profit.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
CDC scientists found that Zika virus RNA persisted in fetal brains and in placentas for more than seven months after the mothers contracted Zika.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
“This is why Texas will require clinics and hospitals to bury or cremate human and fetal remains.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 胎儿的，胎的
分布：胎儿的(100%)
→来自fetus, 胎儿。
US [-tˌəl] adjective US for foetal
adj. 胎的，胎儿的
 - foetal

Word: expound
Front: expound
[ɪkˈspaʊnd] (托宝 16419/14074 -1)
Vocabulary: expound
(once / 1279 pages)
v
If given recipe directions that include "some sugar," "some onions," and "some flour" as ingredients, you might ask the cook to expound by adding measurements of how much of each to use. When you expound, you explain or provide details.
Expound came into English from a 14th-century French word espondre meaning "to elaborate" or "put forth." Often when you expound something you are clarifying or giving the particulars. A more formal way to expound is to offer exposition, often going line by line to explain precise meanings in a text or legal document.
WORD FAMILY
expound: expounded, expounder, expounding, expounds+/expounder: expounders/expounding: expoundings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dimon expounded on that this fall in an appearance before the Washington Economic Club.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
For hours, Castro expounded about the world, whether the CIA or the intransience of the Russians.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
It listed the choices of accommodations and meeting rooms and expounded on the location’s “striking prominence” at historical moments such as the Inauguration Day parade.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 解释，详细讲解
时态：expounded, expounding, expounds
分布：阐述(76%)，解释(15%)，详细说明(9%)
→ex-, 向外。-poun, 放置，词源同component.compound. 即展开，阐述。
详细说明(ex出+pound→把[意义]说出来→详细说明)[pon,pound=put,表示"放置"]
[ɪk'spaʊnd] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to give a detailed explanation of something 详细解释；阐述；详细说明
• He's always expounding on what's wrong with the world. 他总是在痛斥这个世界的弊病。
• She uses her newspaper column to expound her views on environmental issues. 她利用主笔的报纸专栏阐述自己对环境问题的观点。
vt. 解释；详细说明
 - specify, translate
vi. 解释；详细说明
 - account, to interpret

Word: garlic
Front: garlic
[ˈgɑ:lɪk] (高研六 2956/6745 -2)
Back: n. 大蒜; 蒜头
分布：大蒜(100%)
→gar, 矛。leek, 韭葱。因形似矛而得名。
n.蒜,大蒜粉There is too much garlic in the food.食物中加的大蒜太多了.
US ['gɑ:r-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a plant of the onion family that has a strong taste and smell and is used in cooking to add flavour 大蒜
• For this recipe you need four cloves (= single pieces) of garlic, crushed. 按照这个烹饪法，你需要四瓣大蒜，并捣碎。
• a garlic bulb 一头大蒜
n. [园艺] 大蒜；蒜头
 - Allium sativum

Word: focal
Front: focal
[ˈfəʊkl] (7293/8754 -1)
Back: adj. 焦点的，有焦点的; 集中在点上的; 病灶的，病灶性的
分布：焦点的(100%)
→来自focus, 焦点。
US ['foʊ-] adjective
■central and important 中心的；重要的
• The focal figure of the film is Annette Corley, a dancer who has boyfriend troubles. 这出电影的中心人物是安妮特‧科利，一个在男朋友问题上有点麻烦的舞蹈演员。

Word: flagrant
Front: flagrant
[ˈfleɪgrənt] (宝 18623/19033 -1)
Vocabulary: flagrant
(once / 2048 pages)
adj
Something flagrant is bad — so bad you can't ignore it. A flagrant foul in sports might send you to the bench, and a flagrant violation of the law might send you to the slammer.
The current meaning of the adjective flagrant — "obviously offensive or disgraceful" — is thought to derive from the Latin legal term in flagrante delicto, which literally meant "with fire still blazing" and is used figuratively to describe a situation in which the criminal is caught red handed. Aside from a flagrant abuse of the law, the word can also be used to describe anything that is obviously bad — like flagrant bad taste or flagrant abuse of the rules of grammar.
WORD FAMILY
flagrant: flagranter, flagrantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pretending cyberspace is a different universe, populated by people who matter less, is a misnomer and a flagrant abandonment of our individual responsibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
For his part, Matthews wasn't pleased with the number of technical and flagrant fouls on the night.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
There were also two flagrant fouls, both against Dallas.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 臭名远扬的; 恶名昭著的; 明目张胆的
分布：明目张胆的(65%)，恶名昭著的(35%)
→来自bhleg, 照明，闪光，来自bhel的扩大形式，词源同flame, blaze. 原义为闪光的，辉煌的。然后由于不知道的原因词义贬义化。参照中国反腐案例。
罪恶昭彰的;燃烧的(flagr+ant→燃烧的→罪恶像火一样烧→罪恶昭彰的)[flam,flagr=blaze,表示"火焰"]
【区】fragrant（adj 芳香的）中的r象一朵花flagrant中的l象掏大粪的棍子flag旗子，ant蚂蚁：ant爬满了flag，给国旗抹黑－臭名昭彰的
adjective
■(of a bad action, situation, person, etc.) shocking because of being so obvious 骇人听闻的，公然的；罪恶昭彰的
• a flagrant misuse of funds/privilege 明目张胆的滥用资金／特权
• a flagrant breach of trust 公然背信
• a flagrant disregard for the law 公然蔑视法律
adj. 公然的；不能容忍的；非常的；恶名昭著的（名词flagrancy，副词flagrantly）
 - declared, intense

Word: insistent
Front: insistent
[ɪnˈsɪstənt] (六 11246/9630 -1)
Vocabulary: insistent
(once / 720 pages)
adj
Insistent means "unwilling to let go or back down." If a salesperson is insistent, you may find it hard to walk away without buying something.
Insistent shares a root with the verb insist: the Latin word insistere, which means "persist, dwell upon, stand upon." If you are insistent, you won't take "no" for an answer, dwelling on your ideas, standing up for your position. Insistent can also mean "demanding attention," like the insistent ringing of the telephone at a busy office or the insistent cries of a hungry baby.
WORD FAMILY
insist: insisted, insistent, insisting, insists
USAGE EXAMPLES
And I’m insistent that we need to then bring in the evidence after accelerated approval.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Instead, the sponsors tried to strike a balance, being insistent on issues like health and education but easing off in other areas.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
It’s simply experience accumulated pleasurably, tempered with a recognition that complexities and wisdom differ from insistent opinions.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚持的; 引人注意的; 显眼的; 紧急的
分布：坚持的(78%)，迫切的(22%)
坚持的(insist坚持)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
adjective
■firmly saying that something must be true or done 坚持的；坚决要求的
• insistent demands/appeals/signals 一再的要求／一再的呼吁／持续的讯号
• The teacher is insistent that the school is not to blame for the situation. 这位老师坚持说学校不应对这种情况承担责任。
adj. 坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的；紧急的
 - consistent, obvious, prominent, urgent, attractive

Word: immovable
Front: immovable
[ɪˈmu:vəbl] (22467/20522)
Vocabulary: immovable
(once / 1366 pages)
adjn
Immovable things can't be budged. While you can move a bicycle or a grocery cart or a balloon, a cement park bench is immovable.
Many things are immovable because they're made to be that way: a car is designed to be immovable when it's shifted into "park," or when the emergency brake is pulled. Other things are only occasionally immovable, like your stubborn dog who becomes immovable every time you try to take him for a walk in the rain, rooted adamantly in the doorway as you pull on his leash.
WORD FAMILY
immovable: immovability, immovableness, immovables, immovably+/countermove: countermoves/immoveable: immoveably/movable: immovable, movability, movableness, movables, movably, unmovable/ move: countermove, movable, moveable, moved, movement, mover, moves, moving/moveable: immoveable, moveably/moved: unmoved/ movement: movements/mover: movers/moving: movingly, nonmoving, self-moving, unmoving/unmovable: unmovably/unmoved: unmovedly/unmoving: unmovingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The unstoppable force of Trump’s ego met the immovable object of West’s self-absorption in the lobby of Trump Tower on Tuesday.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
The symbolism of the boulder — Castro as an enduring, immovable, geological force — is hardly subtle.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
This game offers the always popular irresistible force vs. immovable object.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可移动的; 固定的; 坚强的; 不动摇的
n. 不动的事物; 不可移动的东西
分布：不可移动的(39%)，固定的(36%)，坚定不移的(13%)，无感情的(6%)，不动的事物(6%)
→im-,不，非，movable,移动的。
【记】movable（adj 活动的；变动的）
adjective
■fixed and impossible to move 不可移动的，固定的
• The rock weighed over a ton and was completely immovable. 这块岩石重一吨以上，根本无法移动。
■describes a firm opinion that is impossible to change, or someone with such an opinion 坚定不移的；不可动摇的
adj. 不动的；固定的；不改变的
 - quiet, standing, settled, still, set

Word: inhuman
Front: inhuman
[ɪnˈhju:mən] (15508/14182 -1)
Vocabulary: inhuman
(once / 1171 pages)
adj
If someone behaves in a way that shows no compassion, you could describe that person and his or her actions as inhuman. A teacher who assigns six hours of homework every night might be seen as inhuman.
When people talk about inhuman things, they're usually not talking about dogs or Martians — beings that are literally not human. Rather, this word involves humans who show no regard for their fellow humans. Murdering another person is an inhuman act; slavery is an inhuman institution. Inhuman acts can also be described as inhumane, meaning “heartless and cruel.”
WORD FAMILY
inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly+/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanist: humanists/ humanistic: humanistically/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanity: humanitarian, humanities / humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This needs to be repeated since one of the human ways of talking oneself into inhuman acts is to cite the supposed cruelty of nature.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment is never a morally permissible option, even if lives depend on gaining information,” the manual said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She denounced the attack as an act of “inhuman savagery.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 非人的，不近人情的; 残忍的，野蛮的; 无人性的; 不人道
分布：无人性的(41%)，残忍的(31%)，非人类的(28%)
→in-,不，非，human,人。
不人道的(in+human人道的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
adjective
■extremely cruel, or not human in an unusual or frightening way 残暴的；无人性的；非人的
• Prisoners of war were subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment. 战俘受到了不人道的待遇和侮辱。
• Most people feel that there is something almost inhuman about perfection. 大多数人认为完美几乎可以说是凡人难以臻至的。
brutal, ruthless, savage, fierce, inhuman, barbarous, cruel
这组词都有“残忍的”的意思，其区别是：
brutal: 指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。
ruthless: 与cruel同义。强调为达到目的，对别人的痛苦毫无怜悯之心。
savage: 指缺乏文明人应有的教养，尤指在动怒或冲动时表现出的粗野蛮横，含野蛮意味。
fierce: 指天性凶恶，令人害怕。
inhuman: 着重缺乏同情心、仁爱等人类特有的良好的品质。
barbarous: 专指只有原始或未开化的人才会有的残忍行为。
cruel: 一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
adj. 残忍的；野蛮的；无人性的
 - wild, cruel, brutal

Word: insouciance
Front: insouciance
[ɪnˈsu:siəns] (宝 28970/33404)
Vocabulary: insouciance
(once / 18584 pages)
n
Insouciance is a feeling of careless indifference. There's a certain amount of lightheartedness in insouciance, but rather than merely being cheerful, someone with insouciance truly couldn't care less.
Insouciance has roots in the French in, meaning not, and se soucier, meaning "to care," giving the English word its "uncaring" meaning. Insouciance can be a positive state — like the childlike insouciance you feel when you are watching cartoons instead of paying your bills. However, insouciance is not always so sunny. Young voters are often accused of treating the right to vote with insouciance, meaning they just can't be bothered.
WORD FAMILY
insouciance: insouciances+/ insouciant: insouciance, insouciantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
France makes a strong case for the staggering insouciance of government at all levels, especially in the early years.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
The book is propelled by the breakneck velocity and scattershot jokiness of Mr. Fountain’s prose, but neither frenzy nor insouciance is exactly Mr. Lee’s speed.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Whoever wins the US presidency, such insouciance will be hard to justify beyond January’s inauguration day.
The Guardian(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 不注意; 不在乎
分布：漠不关心(64%)，无动于衷(36%)
→来自insouciant,无忧无虑的。
[ɪn'su:.si.ənts] literary
noun uncountable
■a relaxed and happy way of acting without feeling worred or guilty 无忧无虑；满不在乎
• I admired his youthful insouciance. 我羡慕他那充满朝气、无忧无虑的样子。
n. 无忧无虑；漫不经心；满不在乎
 - No Worries, rhathymia

Word: jumper
Front: jumper
[ˈdʒʌmpə(r)] (9166/7204 -2)
Back: n. 跳高运动员，跳跃者; 无袖套衫，针织套衫; [电]跳线，跨接线; 经过训练能跳越障碍的马
分布：跳高运动员(42%)，跳跃者(19%)，无袖连衣裙(14%)，套头衫(12%)，连衫裤童装(6%)，雪橇(4%)，工作夹克(3%)
→可能来自jump,跳。引申词义有弹性的，比喻用法。
US [-pɚ] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
 ADVANCED UK (US sweater)
■a piece of clothing made from wool which covers the upper part of the body and the arms, and which does not open at the front （羊毛）套头衫
• a red woolly jumper 红色羊毛套衫
 ADVANCED US
■a dress which does not cover the arms and is usually worn over another piece of clothing which does cover the arms （穿在衬衣外的）无袖连身裙
UK ['dʒʌm.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
IN THE AIR 空中
■a person or animal that jumps 跳跃者；做跳跃动作的人（或动物）
n. 跳高运动员；跳跃者；工作服；妇女穿的套头外衣
 - leaper, workwear

Word: itinerary
Front: itinerary
[aɪˈtɪnərəri] (托雅宝 11240/12273 -1)
Vocabulary: itinerary
(once / 4429 pages)
n
An itinerary is your travel plan — where you will go and when you will be there.
If you make plans to fly to Paris from Beijing or take a train to Chicago from Mexico City, you will need an itinerary. That means you will have a plan that displays how you will get from point to point in your travels and when you will be at each point. This word comes from the Middle English itinerarius and is defined as being "about a journey." Itineraries can be really useful because if you give your mother yours, she will always know where you are!
WORD FAMILY
itinerary: itineraries
USAGE EXAMPLES
About a year ago, American updated its phone app with the ability to change itineraries when weather waivers were issued.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No need to worry about an itinerary or hotels.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The itinerary on other airlines starts at about $1,655.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 旅程，路线; 旅行日程; 旅行指南; 旅行日记
adj. 旅程的; 巡回的，流动的; 旅行途中的
分布：旅程(58%)，旅程的(15%)，游记(9%)，巡回的(9%)，游历的(9%)
→来自拉丁语iter,走，旅程，词源同ion,exit.引申词义旅程，行程表等。
旅行安排,旅程(itiner+ary)[it=go,表示"行走"]
【记】it，in，er，ary：它it是一只蟑螂，在你的er耳朵里in旅行。
【参】itinerant（adj 巡回的；n 巡回者）；itinerate（v 巡回）
US [-ə.rer-] noun countable
■a detailed plan or route of a journey 旅行计划，预定行程
• The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary. 旅行社工作人员将负责安排交通和行程计划。
n. 路线，旅程；旅行指南
 - line, route, thread
adj. 旅程的；巡回的
 - road

Word: introspection
Front: introspection
[ˌɪntrəˈspekʃn] (17911/18803)
Vocabulary: introspection
(once / 6112 pages)
n
Introspection means "to look inside," and describes the act of thinking about your own actions or inner thoughts. When you examine what you do, say, think or feel and how it affects your life and the lives of others, that's introspection.
It's easy to piece together the meaning of the noun introspection. Consider that intro means "within," while spec is from the Latin for "look." So you can tell that the word means the act of "looking within." Introspection isn't "thinking about yourself" in the sense of calculating your own interests; it's more like searching inside in order to understand yourself — what some people mock as "navel gazing." Nineteenth-century philosopher William Godwin once said, “The philosophy of the wisest man that ever existed is mainly derived from the act of introspection.”
WORD FAMILY
introspection: introspections+/introspect: introspected, introspecting, introspection, introspective, introspects/ introspective: introspectively, introspectiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Austin Rivers was in no mood for introspection Monday night.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The year 2016 leaves us with a bumper crop of familiar but acutely revivified subjects for introspection: Who are we?
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
An overseas thrashing usually sends English cricket into a period of introspection.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 反省，内省; 自我反省
分布：内省(39%)，反省(36%)，自省(25%)
→intra-,在内，-spect,看，词源同spectator,inspect.引申词义内省。
【记】intro内，spect看，ion：看自己的内心－反省
【参】introspective（adj （好）反省的）
noun uncountable
■examination of and attention to your own ideas, thoughts and feelings 自省，反省
• His defeat in the world championship led to a long period of gloomy introspection. 世界锦标赛上落败后，他长期郁郁寡欢，处于自我反省之中。
n. 反思； [心理] 内省； [计] 自省
 - self-communion

Word: mare
Front: mare
[meə(r)] (宝 10747/7364 -2)
Vocabulary: mare
(once / 489 pages)
1n 2n
A mare is an adult female horse. If your new horse is a filly, a female baby horse, she'll grow up to be a mare.
Horse experts have many words to distinguish the age and sex of their animals, from foal, for any newborn horse, to stallion, a full grown male, to colt, a young male horse. Mares are known for being more easy-going than stallions, and because they're equally fast and powerful, they're as likely as males to be used for racing. Another meaning of mare ("sea" in Latin) is "dark areas of the moon," once believed to be actual oceans.
WORD FAMILY
mare: mares
USAGE EXAMPLES
Handlers sometimes will try to immobilize one of the mare’s hind legs during the process because you can’t kick as hard on only three legs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Met Police were called to the store on Mare Street in Hackney at about 14:35 GMT.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Prosecutors in court documents say Davis didn’t properly care for the five mares seized on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 母马，母驴; <天>月球表面阴暗部; 〈外〉海; 骒马
分布：母马(80%)，母驴(20%)
→来自古英语mere,来自mearh的阴性格，来自Proto-Germanic*markhjon,来自mark,马。部分学者认为该词来自古高卢词源，也有部分学者认为该词最终来自汉藏语系，即ma,马。mare 月海，月球表面阴暗部
【记】nightmare＝night＋mare晚上的母马－恶梦。
US [mer] noun countable
■an adult female horse （成年）母马 Compare stallion
n. 母马；母驴；月球表面阴暗部
 - jennet

Word: maya
Front: maya
[ˈmɑ:jə] (17119/24512)
Back: n. <喻>幻境，使生幻觉的法力
分布：马雅人(67%)，马亚语(33%)

Word: kingfisher
Front: kingfisher
[ˈkɪŋfɪʃə(r)] (25174/12756 -1)
Back: n. <动>翠鸟; 鱼狗
分布：翠鸟(100%)
→缩写自king’s fisher,来自king,君王，fisher,渔夫。可能是一种幽默表达法。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a small brightly coloured bird with a long pointed beak, which lives near rivers and lakes and eats fish 翠鸟，鱼狗

Word: linen
Front: linen
[ˈlɪnɪn] (研四六托雅宝 6009/5681 -2)
Vocabulary: linen
(once / 337 pages)
n
Linen is a type of fabric that's sturdy, cool, and absorbent. If you're going to a summer wedding, you should consider wearing a white linen suit. If you're going on a job interview, it's probably not such a great idea.
Linen is frequently used in summery dresses and shirts, curtains, bags, pillowcases and sheets, towels. and tablecloths. It's heavy and substantial but stays breathable and fresh when you wear it on a hot day. Linens is sometimes used to mean "bedding or towels," or the things you'd keep in a linen closet. Linen comes from the Old English word linin, "made of flax," from lin, "flax fibers or linen thread."
WORD FAMILY
linen: linens
USAGE EXAMPLES
The higher-end options — linen, silk, llama, alpaca — hang in a narrow section along the back wall.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rogers works alongside those without disabilities as part of Linen Works’ inclusionary model.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
I wear a suit every day, linen ones in the summer.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 亚麻布，亚麻线; 家庭日用织品
adj. 亚麻的，亚麻布制的
分布：亚麻布(74%)，亚麻的(9%)，亚麻制品(7%)，亚麻线(6%)，亚麻布制的(4%)
→来自拉丁语linum,亚麻，黄麻，词源同line,linseed.
n.亚麻布,亚麻布制品I'm inclined to underline these disciplines in the outline written on linen.我倾向于给写在亚麻布上的大纲中的这些学科划下画线.
【参】linoleum（n 油毡）lino＝linen亚麻，leum油－在亚麻布上涂油
noun uncountable
■strong cloth that is woven from the fibres of the flax plant 亚麻布
• a linen jacket 亚麻上衣
• the crumpled charm of linen 亚麻特有的皱褶效果
■sheets, tablecloths , etc. which are made from linen or a similar material （桌布、床单等）亚麻制品
• bed linen 床上用品
• table linen 餐桌布
n. 亚麻布，亚麻线； [纺] 亚麻制品
 - flax
adj. 亚麻的； [纺] 亚麻布制的
 - flaxen

Word: locality
Front: locality
[ləʊˈkæləti] (研六托雅 11068/5399 -1)
Vocabulary: locality
(once / 439 pages)
n
Use the noun locality when you need an official-sounding way to say "area" or "region." For example, you might say, "I am so pleased to finally have a doughnut shop in my locality."
You're most likely to come across the word locality in a news story or business report. It's a formal way to talk about a neighborhood or a section of town. The mayor might make a speech about crime in a particular locality, or the prevalence of potholes in another locality. The word has been in use since the 1700's, from the Latin word localis, "relating to or belonging to a place."
WORD FAMILY
locality: localities+/delocalize: delocalized/ local: localise, localism, locality, localize, locally, locals/localisation: localisations/localise: localisation, localised, localises, localising/ localism: localisms/localization: localizations/localize: delocalize, localization, localized, localizes, localizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The changes spurred advertising and feature articles on suburban localities, and on food, gardening, entertaining and other topics.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There are other limits on Congress’s ability to impose funding conditions on states and localities.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The mayor also wants Connecticut to increase the reimbursement it sends localities for land owned by the state or nonprofits.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 位置; 地区; 产地
分布：地区(40%)，位置(27%)，地点(24%)，方位(9%)
→来自local,当地的，引申词义地方，地点。
位置,所在地(local+ity)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
n.位置,地点Public transport is a big problem in this locality.公共交通是这个地区的大问题.
US [loʊ'kæl.ə.tˌi] noun countable
■a particular area 特定地区
• In 19th-century Britain, industries became concentrated in particular localities. 在19世纪的英国，工业都被集中到了某些特定地区。
setting, site, position, location, scene, locality, place, situation, spot
这组词都有“地点、位置、场所”的意思，其区别是：
setting: 一般特指戏剧或小说所写的环境或场所。
site: 指或大或小的地方，既可指供专门用途或特定活动的地点，又可指某一事件的地址。
position: 多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或状态。
location: 指某物设置的方向或地点。
scene: 常指真实事件或虚构故事发生的地点。
locality: 指某物所处的客观位置和周围地区。
place: 含义广泛，最普通用词，既可指很小的地点，又可指很大很远的地方或场所。
situation: 指物体在其周围环境中所处的位置或状态，侧重地点或场所的环境特征。
spot: 指相对较小的特定地点或事物所在地。
n. 所在；位置；地点
 - situation, site, spot, lie, where

Word: motif
Front: motif
[məʊˈti:f] (托雅宝 6546/4889 -1)
Vocabulary: motif
(once / 4636 pages)
n
The race car decor in your room, the refrain of a song, the idea or object that keeps popping up in a story — these are all motifs, reoccurring elements that move throughout and shape music, art and novels.
This French import is related to the Latin verb movere which means "to move." Think about a pattern or design that moves throughout something when you hear motif. Have you ever been to a restaurant with a tropical or wild-west motif? Do you like dresses with a floral motif? In novels, a motif can be a recurring idea like revenge or object that symbolizes an idea. A character might notice shadows throughout a story which symbolize his dark past.
WORD FAMILY
motif: motifs
USAGE EXAMPLES
While jewelry is still produced with a “Return to Tiffany” motif, the numbers are no longer unique.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Other elements this wave brings: Chinoiserie, ornate historic motifs, florals, organic patterns and the handmade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Their furious development of brief motifs anticipates Beethoven, who worshipped Bach when he was young.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （文艺作品等的）主题; （音乐的）乐旨，动机; 基本图案
分布：主题(93%)，意念(5%)，装饰图案(2%)
→来自motive的法语拼写形式。
US [moʊ-] noun countable
PATTERN 图案
■a pattern or design 图案，式样
• We chose some curtains with a flower motif. 我们选择了一些带花卉图案的窗帘。
UK [məʊ'ti:f] US [moʊ-] noun countable
IDEA 想法
■an idea that is used many times in a piece of writing or music 中心思想，主题
• The motif of betrayal is crucial in all these stories. 在所有这些故事中背叛是至关重要的主题。
n. 主题；动机；主旨；图形；意念
 - topic, theme, subject, substance, incentive

Word: newfangled
Front: newfangled
[ˌnju:ˈfæŋgld] (22899/44454)
Vocabulary: newfangled
(once / 18821 pages)
adj
Something newfangled is new, like a fancy new gadget or invention. This is a folksy way of describing a fashionable (and often too fashionable) thing.
If someone says — “What is that newfangled thing?” — they’re using a humorous, casual word for things that are new, current, or fashionable — especially too-fashionable things. Using this word implies that the person isn’t very impressed with the newfangled thing, implying that it’s new for the sake of being new. This word is a little insulting, as in “Why do you always have to have a newfangled phone?” Calling something newfangled isn’t very respectful to the new thing.
WORD FAMILY
newfangled
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, there is a whole, newfangled analytics set out there that disagrees with this, to which I would respectfully say:
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
What, pray tell, were these newfangled kiosk devices?
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
More newfangled: Just five minutes further away, in South Park, is Kindred, a cocktail bar and vegan restaurant with a death-metal-meets-Victorian-parlor aesthetic.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 新奇的，新制的
分布：新奇的(62%)，最新式的(23%)，最新流行的(15%)
→new,新的，fang,牙齿，咬。引申词义咬住最新的，与时俱进的，新奇时髦的。
US [ˌnu:-] adjective
■recently made for the first time, but not always an improvement on what existed before 新奇的；新式的；新花样的
• I really don't understand these newfangled computer games that my children are always playing. 我真弄不懂我的孩子们经常玩的那些新式电脑游戏。
adj. 新奇的；新流行的；最新式的
 - novel, patent

Word: monopolise

Word: mayoralty
Front: mayoralty
[ˈmeərəlti] (34393/48008)
Back: n. 市长职位
分布：市长职位(100%)
→来自major,市长。
US ['meɪ.ɔ:r.əl-] noun uncountable US
■the office of being a mayor, or the period of time for which someone is a mayor 市长职位；市长任期

Word: peep
Front: peep
[pi:p] (研四六宝 16608/12052 -1)
Vocabulary: peep
(once / 373 pages)
1vn 2vn
To peep is to take a quick, secret glance at something. Kids might peep into the living room on Christmas morning to see if Santa came the night before.
You can peep through the blinds to see who's ringing your doorbell, or watch the sky, hoping the sun will peep (or suddenly appear) from behind the clouds so you can go to the beach as planned. Another kind of peep is the high chirping sound a chick or baby bird makes. This second meaning is imitative — in other words, the word peep sounds like the noise itself.
WORD FAMILY
peep: peeped, peeper, peeping, peeps+/peeper: peepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That this might be less a comedy and more a peep into how coercive control operates isn’t dwelled upon in these articles.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Peeps manufacturer Just Born began operating in Bethlehem in the 1930s.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The explanation was the first social-media peep in months from the rapper, who was raised in Chicago.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: v. 窥视，偷看; （小鸟等）唧唧地叫; （从隐蔽处）出现
n. 窥视; 唧唧声; 隐现; 慢慢露出
时态：peeped, peeping, peeps
分布：偷看(47%)，窥视(28%)，吱吱叫(10%)，慢慢露出(6%)，瞥见(5%)，初现(4%)
→来自中古英语pepen,来自piken拼写变体，词源同peek.
v.偷看,窥视After a deep sleep, the weeping sweeper keeps on peeping the sheep on the steep.酣睡之后,哭泣的清扫者继续窥视峭壁上的羊.
【记】ee与眼睛有关
verb
LOOK 看
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to secretly look at something for a short time, usually through a hole （通常指透过小孔）窥视，偷看
• I saw her peeping through the curtains/ into the room. 我看见她透过窗帘／向房间里偷看。
[pi:p] verb
APPEAR 出现
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to appear slowly and not be completely seen 隐现，微现；缓缓出现
• A few early flowers had peeped up through the snow. 几朵早开的花从雪地里探出头来。
• The cat's tail was peeping out from under the bed. 猫的尾巴从床底下露了出来。
[pi:p] verb
NOISE 噪音
intransitive
■to make a weak high noise 唧唧叫，发出尖而弱的声音
[pi:p] noun
SOMETHING SAID 所说的话
only singular informal
■a statement, answer or complaint 讲话；答覆；牢骚
• No one has raised a peep about this dreadful behaviour. 对如此恶劣的行径竟然没有人吭声。
• One more peep out of you and there'll be no television tomorrow. 你再抱怨一声，明天就不准看电视了。
• There hasn't been a peep out of (= any form of communication from) my sister for a couple of weeks. 好几周没有我妹妹的消息了。
[pi:p] noun
NOISE 噪音
countable
■the weak high noise made by young birds （小鸟的）吱吱声，啾啾声
[pi:p] noun
LOOK 看
only singular
■a quick look 一瞥
• Take/Have a peep at what it says in this letter. 看一眼这封信上说些甚么。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
n. 偷看；隐约看见，瞥见
 - peek
vi. 窥视；慢慢露出，出现；吱吱叫
 - occur, figure, offer

Word: paternal
Front: paternal
[pəˈtɜ:nl] (研 12688/15060 -1)
Vocabulary: paternal
(once / 811 pages)
adj
The word paternal describes anything that has to do with fatherhood, like your dad's paternal habit of giving you advice, always including some "when I was a boy..." tales.
Paternal originates from the Old French word of the same spelling, meaning "of a father." For example, your paternal grandparents are your father's parents. (Your mom's parents are your maternal grandparents.) Paternal describes your father specifically, or fatherhood in general, like common paternal activities like father-son fishing trips and making sure the guy who is dating his daughter is respectful and sincere.
WORD FAMILY
paternal: paternalism, paternally, paternity +/ paternalism: paternalisms, paternalistic/paternalistic: paternalistically/ paternity: paternities
USAGE EXAMPLES
When Martin stomped in, he admitted that he’d driven to his paternal grandfather’s lake house and seen Noah there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Agnes is a name carried by several women in my German family, not least my paternal grandmother.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Then there was the legacy of his paternal grandfather, who fought for the Nazis in the Soviet Union.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 父亲的; 父亲（般）的; 父系的; 父方的
分布：父亲的(76%)，得自父亲的(18%)，似父亲的(6%)
→来自拉丁语pater,父亲，词源同father.
(pater父,-n-,-al...的)父亲的,父系的[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■of or like a father 父亲的；父亲般的
• He's very paternal (= showing the affectionate feelings of a father) - it's lovely to see him with the baby. 他这个做父亲的很有爱心——看他和宝宝在一起真是其乐无穷。
• My paternal grandparents (= My father's parents) were Irish. 我的祖父母是爱尔兰人。
Compare maternal
adj. 父亲的；得自父亲的；父亲般的
 - fatherly

Word: outlying
Front: outlying
[ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ] (托雅 15174/13987 -1)
Back: adj. 偏僻的，边远的; 无关的; 题外
分布：远离中心的(45%)，偏僻的(22%)，远离市镇的(22%)，在外侧地(11%)
adjective [before noun]
■far away from main towns and cities, or far from the centre of a place 远离城镇的；远离中心的；边远的
• Many of the pupils travel in by bus from outlying areas. 很多小学生乘坐公车从偏远地区到市区上学。
adj. 边远的；无关的
 - unrelated, irrespective

Word: oversize
Front: oversize
['əʊvəsaɪz] (15470/40394 -1)
Back: adj. 太大的; 超大型的
n. 特大号（物）
分布：特大型(47%)，过大的(46%)，超过尺寸的(7%)
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] (also oversized) mainly US
adjective
■bigger than usual; too big 特大号的；硕大的；太大的
• My daughter loves to wear oversize clothes. 我女儿喜欢穿特大号的衣服。
adj. 太大的；超大型的
 - supersized
n. 特大号
 - super, outsize

Word: preponderance
Front: preponderance
[prɪˈpɒndərəns] (托 15714/15715)
Vocabulary: preponderance
(once / 3555 pages)
n
If there's a preponderance of something, there is A LOT of it. If you are a prosecutor, you are looking for a preponderance of evidence to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty.
The noun preponderance can also mean superiority in weight or significance. This meaning is particularly reflective of the word's Latin roots in the word praeponderare, which means "outweigh." The noun can also mean superiority in influence or importance. A country's economic preponderance, for example, might give it greater influence in international relations.
WORD FAMILY
preponderance: preponderances+/preponderant: preponderance, preponderantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There does not yet appear to be a Democratic strategy to derail either nomination because of the preponderance of military figures.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
“The preponderance of the evidence gathered to date indicates potential criminal culpability.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The standard for seizures is the “preponderance of evidence” standard used in civil cases, lower than the standard used in drug cases.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 数量上的优势
分布：优势(65%)，多数(35%)
【记】pre前，ponder重量，ance－重量超过别人的优势
US [-'pɑ:n.dɚ-] formal
noun only singular
■the largest part or greatest amount 优势；多数
• The preponderance of evidence suggests that he's guilty. 大量的证据显示他有罪。
n. 优势；多数；占优势
 - majority, superiority, advantage, edge, dominance

Word: pitcher
Front: pitcher
[ˈpɪtʃə(r)] (托宝 3478/23459 -1)
Back: n. 大水罐; 投掷的人
分布：水罐(100%)
→来自古法语pichier,壶，罐，来自拉丁语bicarium,来自希腊语bikos,陶制容器，词源同beaker.拼写可能受pitch影响。
【记】pit小坑，ch吃，er东西：像小坑一样能装吃的的东西－水罐
US [-ɚ] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器 UK a large container with a wide round base, straight sides and a narrow opening at the top, used in the past for holding water or another liquid 罐，壶
• an earthenware pitcher 陶罐
US for * jug (CONTAINER)
• a pitcher of beer/water/lemonade 一壶啤酒／水／柠檬汁
UK ['pɪtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
BASEBALL 棒球
■a player who pitches the ball in a baseball game 投球手
n. 投手；大水罐
 - hurler, caster

Word: quorum
Front: quorum
[ˈkwɔ:rəm] (24468/24527)
Vocabulary: quorum
(once / 5146 pages)
n
A quorum is not necessarily a majority of members of a group, but the minimum needed in order to conduct business. For example, if two members of a group are absent, there can still be a quorum, meaning the meeting can go on without them.
The noun quorum is plural of qui in Latin, meaning "of whom." The first quorum was an eminent group of justices of the peace. The word quorum was used in the commission papers that gave them the authority to act. Over time the current meaning, the minimum number needed to conduct business, was added, but the word still retains the meaning of a select group, as well.
WORD FAMILY
quorum: quorums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some individual agency reports related to the order were expected to be completed before the board loses its quorum, the person said.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Without a record that there was a quorum, there are questions about the vote’s legality and the opposition is demanding a new vote.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Democratic state Rep. Arnold Simpson tried to dissolve the committee on Thursday, but couldn’t because there was not a quorum present.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 法定人数
分布：法定人数(100%)
→来自拉丁语qui,谁，词源同who.-orum,所有格中性复数后缀。用于法律术语指法定人数。
US ['kwɔ:r.əm] formal
noun only singular
■the smallest number of people needed to be present at a meeting before it can officially begin and before official decisions can be taken （会议的）法定人数

Word: placid
Front: placid
[ˈplæsɪd] (托雅宝 12548/14747 -1)
Vocabulary: placid
(once / 623 pages)
adj
Call a body of water placid if it has a smooth surface and no waves. Call a person placid if they don't tend to make waves by causing a fuss.
Coming from the Latin placidus "pleasing or gentle," placid is most commonly used to describe a person who is not easily irritated or a body of water such as a lake that does not have waves to disturb the surface. Synonyms of placid in both meanings include calm, serene and tranquil. In other uses, placid describes something with little disruption — like "a placid neighborhood."
WORD FAMILY
placid: placider, placidest, placidity, placidly, placidness+/placidity: placidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wanted picturesque landscapes that were wilder and more rugged than Brown’s placid idylls.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The home side's serene progress on a placid surface served to highlight how difficult it will be for England to force a consolation victory.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The 37th Empire State Winter Games will be staged Feb. 2-5 in and around Lake Placid.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 平和的，宁静的; 温和的; 满意的，满足的; 平缓
→来自拉丁语placate,安抚，安慰，词源同please,placate.引申词义安抚的，平静的。
平静的(plac+id)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
安静的(plac平静+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
adjective
■having a calm appearance or characteristics 宁静的；平和的
• a slow-moving and placid river 平缓宁静的河流
• the placid pace of village life 乡村悠然的生活节奏
• She was a very placid (= calm and not easily excited) child who slept all night and hardly ever cried. 她是个非常安静的孩子，整个晚上都在睡觉，极少哭泣。
adj. 平静的；温和的；沉着的
 - pacific, peaceful, calm, composed, soft

Word: raja
Front: raja
['rɑ:dʒə] (41177/36533)
Vocabulary: raja
(once / 24421 pages)
n
A raja is the name for a monarch — a king or a princely ruler — in historic India. While there are still rajas today, they no longer hold any real power.
Through the long history of India, there have been many rajas who ruled over small areas of the continent. Even when India was a British colony, there were princely states throughout the country that were each controlled by a raja. You can also spell the word rajah, and in either case it shows up throughout South Asia, including Sri Lanka and Malaysia. Raja comes from Hindi, with Sanskrit roots: rajan, or "king," and raj, "kingdom."
WORD FAMILY
raja: rajas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inside might be rajas, batons of chile with stray seeds still clinging like unfinished thoughts.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
“Kirti said, ‘Raja’ . . . he calls me Raja — raja means king — ‘that is why I have come to you.’ ”
New York Times(Jun 19, 2014)
In the early history of the state, the rajas were in a state of chronic feud with all the neighbouring countries.
Various, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edit...(2012)
Back: n. <印>王侯，首长
分布：首长(100%)
n. （印）王侯；（印）首领
 - leader, chief, captain, boss

Word: rapper
Front: rapper
[ˈræpə(r)] (9125/27568 -1)
Vocabulary: rapper
(once / 4054 pages)
1n 2n
A rapper is a musician who drops rhymes to the beat. “Rapper’s Delight,” the first rap to hit the Top 40, starts with “…to the hip, hip hop, and you don't stop” and ends 15 minutes later.
The story is that the first rappers were MCs who talked between songs to entertain the crowd while the DJs changed records, then the MCs started talking with the beat, and then boom: rap was born. It came together as a music genre in the late 70s in New York City, but “rappers” didn’t suddenly pop up — rap emerged from African American traditions that had been around. The first rapper to sign to a major label was Kurtis Blow, in 1980.
WORD FAMILY
rapper: rappers+/ rap: rapped, rapper, rapping, raps
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke to the BBC about her upbringing in Croydon, the rappers she looks up to, and why she read the dictionary as a child.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That point of contention snared the Los Angeles rapper’s attention.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
A Wallingford police spokeswoman tells the Record Journal that officers responded to reports of shots fired outside the Oakdale Theatre after rapper Meek Mill performed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 叩击者; 敲门者; 说唱艺人
分布：说唱艺人(42%)，叩击者(35%)，敲门者(23%)
→来自 rap,说唱。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who performs rap music 说唱乐艺人

Word: ref
Front: ref
[ref] (15784/2074 -1)
Vocabulary: ref
(once / 5082 pages)
n
A ref is the person who arbitrates conflicts during a sports match or game, and makes sure everyone's playing by the rules. If your team gets a bad call, blame the ref.
Ref is shorthand for referee, which until the mid-1800s meant "a person who examines patent applications." By 1856, a referee was a baseball official, and the nickname ref followed soon after. You can use this word as a noun, for the person wearing a striped shirt and running up and down the edge of the football field — or a verb, to mean "officiate at a sporting event."
WORD FAMILY
ref: refs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We lost that game. I think it’s ... that the NBA throws the refs under the bus like that.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
"The refs didn't lose us that game," Durant said in an interview on Tuesday after the NBA said he was fouled.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“I mean, that’s on the ref,” Davis said of the controversial call.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 裁判员
分布：裁判员(100%)
noun countable
SPORT 体育
 ADVANCED informal abbreviation for
■ referee (JUDGE)
[ref] noun countable
BUSINESS 商业 written abbreviation for
■ reference

Word: raisin
Front: raisin
[ˈreɪzn] (六宝 8989/16817 -1)
Vocabulary: raisin
(once / 1610 pages)
n
A raisin is a dehydrated or sun-dried grape. Raisins are sweet and chewy, and they're often found in oatmeal cookies and granola.
Raisins are one of the most common kind of dried fruit — they turn up everywhere from a preschooler's snack box to a fancy bakery's scones and cinnamon rolls. The most common way to make a raisin is to dry grapes in the sun, though it's quicker for producers to use dehydrating machines. The word raisin dates to the thirteenth century, from the Latin racemus, which means "cluster of grapes or berries."
WORD FAMILY
raisin: raisins
USAGE EXAMPLES
It tasted surprisingly pleasant—more chocolate mousse than raisin jello, with a snap of walnuts to add texture to each bite.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Zöscher adds raisins to the mix of spices to contribute sweetness and reduce the need for added sugar.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
In a medium bowl, combine the raisins, currants, candied peel and candied cranberries.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 葡萄干
分布：葡萄干(100%)
→来自古法语 raisin,葡萄，葡萄干，来自拉丁语 racemus,葡萄，词源同 retsina,rosin.
【记】rais＝raise（v 升起；唤起），in里面：唤起你身体里面的食欲要用酸的东西－葡萄干
noun countable
■a dried black grape 葡萄干
n. 葡萄干
 - rasin

Word: refrigeration
Front: refrigeration
[rɪˌfrɪdʒə'reɪʃn] (托 15892/20634)
Back: n. 冷藏，冷冻
分布：冷藏(45%)，冷冻(30%)，冷却(25%)
VERB
（常指为了保存食物而将其）冷藏
If you refrigerate food, you make it cold, for example by putting it in a fridge, usually in order to preserve it.
例：Refrigerate the dough overnight.将面团冷藏过夜。
例：...a lorry with refrigerated cargo.装有冷藏货物的卡车
n. 制冷； [制冷] 冷藏； [热] 冷却
 - cold storage, cold preservation

Word: salve
Front: salve
[sælv] (宝 21480/33509)
Back: n. 药膏，软膏，油膏
vt. <正>使良心得到宽慰，减轻内疚感
时态：salved, salving, salves
分布：药膏(54%)，安慰(18%)，慰藉(11%)，抢救(7%)，缓解物(7%)，涂软膏(3%)
→来自古英语 sealf,油膏，药膏，来自 West-Germanic*salbo,油性物质，来自 selp,脂肪，脂 物。
【记】salv＝save，e－解救的东西－安慰物
【反】irritant（n 刺激物）
US [sæv] noun old use
countable or uncountable
■an oily substance used to treat an injured, sore or dry place on your body; ointment 药膏；软膏；油膏
only singular
■something that makes you feel better about a difficult situation 慰藉，宽慰
UK [sælv] US [sæv] verb
salve your conscience
■to do something so that you feel less guilty 使良心得到宽慰；减轻内疚
• He salves his conscience by giving money to charity. 他透过向慈善机构捐款来使自己良心得到宽慰。
vt. 涂油膏；缓和
 - relax, tone down
n. 药膏；安慰
 - relief, comfort, ointment

Word: sob
Front: sob
[sɒb] (高研四六 7230/8177 -1)
Vocabulary: sob
(once / 254 pages)
vn
If you're so upset you're crying loudly, taking in big gasps of air and heaving your chest, you are sobbing.
Picture a child on the playground who has fallen and can't find his or her mother. The child's face is red and streaked with tears, and he or she is gasping from crying so hard. This poor little boy or girl is sobbing uncontrollably. Sometimes, while trying not to cry, you might let out a single sob. A "sob story" is a story meant to make you feel bad for someone, so bad you might sob for them.
WORD FAMILY
sob: sobbed, sobbing, sobs+/sobbing: sobbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At one point, she hid under a piano, sobbing about how the work was too hard and she’d never succeed.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Robert Rice apologized and sobbed Wednesday before a federal judge in Harrisburg issued the sentence.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
She fell against the kitchen cupboard and then to the floor, where she curled up, sobbing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 呜咽; 发呜咽声
vt. 哭诉，呜咽着说; 哭得使…
n. 啜泣（声），呜咽（声）
时态：sobbed, sobbing, sobs
分布：呜咽(48%)，哭泣(26%)，抽泣(26%)
v./n.哭泣,呜咽The child sobbed loudly.这个孩子大声地哭泣.
US [sɑ:b] (-bb-)
verb intransitive
■to cry noisily, taking in deep breaths 呜咽，啜泣，抽噎
• I found her sobbing in the bedroom because she'd broken her favourite doll. 我看见她在卧室里啜泣，因为她弄坏了自己最心爱的娃娃。
• You're not going to help matters by lying there sobbing! 你躺在那里哭并不能解决问题！
UK [sɒb] US [sɑ:b] (-bb-)
verb intransitive
sob your heart out
■to cry very much 哭得很伤心
UK [sɒb] US [sɑ:b] (-bb-)
noun countable
■an act or sound of sobbing 呜咽，啜泣，抽噎
• I could hear her sobs from the next room. 我听见隔壁传来她的啜泣声。
weep, cry, sob
weep: 哭泣，书面语，常指小声或无声地哭泣，有时可与cry通用。如：She wept at the sad news.(听到这不幸的消息，她哭了。)
cry: 哭，普通用语，常指出声地哭。如：The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭着睡着了。)
sob: 抽泣，呜咽：She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣着入睡了。)
sign, groan, moan, sob
这组词都有“叹息声，叹息”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 多指无意识地发出表示沮丧、悲痛、悔恨或厌倦等情绪的深沉叹息。
groan: 侧重指因受到难忍受的精神负担或强烈的痛苦等而发出沉重的呻吟，也指显示强烈不满的叹息声。
moan: 语气比groan强，多指拉长的或连续的悲叹(声)或呻吟(声)。
sob: 指抽噎声或呜咽声，或边说边哭。
vi. 啜泣，呜咽；（风等）发出呜咽声
 - pule
n. 啜泣，呜咽
 - snivel

Word: sparingly
Front: sparingly
['speərɪŋlɪ] (托 17358/18495)
Back: adv. 节约地; 保守地; 仁慈地; 缺少地
分布：节俭地(50%)，保守地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
节约的;俭省的
Someone who is sparing with something uses it or gives it only in very small quantities.
例：I've not been sparing with the garlic...我总是用很多大蒜。
例：Her sparing use of make-up only seemed to enhance her classically beautiful features...一点淡妆反而增添了她五官的古典韵味。
adv. 节俭地；保守地；爱惜地
 - economically, thriftily

Word: roulette
Front: roulette
[ru:ˈlet] (17440/22154)
Back: n. 轮盘赌; 骑缝线; 旋轮线
分布：轮盘赌(91%)，转迹线(3%)，用滚轮压骑缝孔(3%)，点线机(3%)
→来自法语 roulette,小轮子，赌盘，来自拉丁语 rotella,小轮子，来自 rota,轮子，-ella,小词后缀， 词源同 rotary,roll.
noun uncountable
■a game of chance in which a small ball is dropped onto a wheel that is spinning and the players guess in which hole it will finally stop 轮盘赌

Word: subset
Front: subset
[ˈsʌbset] (11933/13072)
Vocabulary: subset
(once / 26501 pages)
n
Use the noun subset when you're talking about a group of things that fit in a larger category. For example, "new horror films" or "new comedies" are subsets of "new movies."
You can use the word subset any time you refer to small sets within larger ones, whether you're talking about Halloween candy, greeting cards, or classmates. However, the most common use of subset happens in mathematics, which is where the word comes from originally. Subset is short for "subordinate set," or a set that is entirely contained inside another set — it's subordinate, less important or smaller.
WORD FAMILY
subset: subsets+/ reset: resets, resetted, resetting/ set: preset, reset, seting, sets, setting, subset / setting: settings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is a subset of the most successful” dieters, he said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The project is ongoing with more than 300 courts and hoops presently documented, together with subsets of the series including a focus on backboards.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“Mosul is a very small subset of that. … Every conflict situation is different.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 子集
分布：名词(100%)
→sub-,分支，分部，分，set,套，组，集。
noun countable specialized
■a set (= group of similar numbers, objects or people) that is part of another, larger set 子集（类似的数位、物体或人员的一个集合组，是另一个较大集合的一部分）
n. [数] 子集；子设备；小团体
 - sub-class, small group

Word: surly
Front: surly
[ˈsɜ:li] (宝 17146/22187)
Vocabulary: surly
(once / 1518 pages)
adj
Surly describes behavior nobody wants to be around. Think of the irritable old guy who lives on your street and always seems to be simmering with some sullen nasty anger, whose every utterance he spits out with a rude snarl. He's the poster boy for surly.
Surly behavior is always frowned upon, but the word's origins are in the behavior of English nobility. Surly's roots are in sirly, as in sir, meaning arrogant, haughty and superior. Its current meaning implies all that and more, none of it appealing. To be rude, snotty, sullen, mean and cranky can be added to the list. Generally speaking, if you find yourself in a surly mood, avoid your friends and loved ones.
WORD FAMILY
surly: surlier, surliest, surlily, surliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leigh, by contrast, was small, surly, scornful of the school and scorned by his classmates, except for Lenox.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
My teenager is consistently surly and rude, and says he wishes I weren’t his mother.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
That was an angry version of Beal, one that waved goodbye to surly Toronto point guard Kyle Lowry when Lowry fouled out.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 脾气坏的，不友好的
级别：surlier, surliest
分布：乖戾的(36%)，脾气坏的(28%)，傲慢的(24%)，不友好的(12%)
→改写自 sir,先生，领导，-ly,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
【记】sur＝sir，ly－像先生一般高高在上的－脾气暴躁的
US ['sɝ:-] adjective
■often in a bad mood, unfriendly and not polite 脾气坏的；不友好的，粗鲁无礼的
• We were served by a very surly waiter. 为我们服务的侍者态度很差。
• He gave me a surly look. 他很不友善地看了我一眼。
adj. 乖戾的；板面孔的，无礼的；阴沉的
 - heavy, cross

Word: surmise
Front: surmise
[səˈmaɪz] (托宝 13492/18427)
Vocabulary: surmise
(once / 878 pages)
vn
If you see the empty ice cream containers, the sprinkles littering the ground, a kicked can of Reddi-wip in the trash, you can surmise what has happened: Sundaes. To surmise is to form an opinion or make a guess about something.
If you surmise that something is true, you don't have much evidence or knowledge about it. Near synonyms are guess, conjecture, and suppose. You might say, "I can't even surmise what he would do in such a situation." Surmise came to English from the French surmettre "to accuse," which is formed from the prefix sur- "on, upon" plus mettre "to put" (from Latin mittere "to send").
WORD FAMILY
surmise: surmisable, surmisal, surmised, surmises, surmising
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latter poll, which suggested Clinton was ahead by six points — outside the margin of error — also surmised a seven-point Democratic registration advantage.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“It’s hard because she doesn’t like me,” said Tawny, who surmised that Georgee was confused about how Tawny fit into the family.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
But after the pictures turned up online Norma’s mother, Arlene, looked up the New Jersey legal code and surmised that Morcos had broken a law.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 推测，猜测
vt. 臆测，推断; 揣测
vi. 猜想
时态：surmised, surmising, surmises
分布：推测(83%)，臆测(17%)
→sur-,在下，向上，-mis,送出，放置，词源同 mission,emit.引申词义推测，猜测。
推测,猜测(sur在下面＋mise→在下面说出的话→猜测)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【记】sur下面，mise放－放下想法－推测
US [sɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■to guess something, without having much or any proof 推测，猜测，臆测
• [+ (that)] The police surmise (that) the robbers have fled the country. 据员警们推测，抢劫犯已经逃离这个国家。
UK ['sə.maɪz] US [sɚ-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a guess 推测，猜测，臆测
• My surmise turned out to be right. 最后证实我的推测是正确的。
• The article is pure surmise and innuendo. 这篇文章完全是主观臆测、含沙射影。
vt. 猜测；推测
 - make a guess at, guess at sth
vi. 猜测；认为
 - consider, guess at sth
n. 推测；猜度
 - speculation, theory, guess, projection

Word: unsympathetic
Front: unsympathetic
[ˌʌnˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk] (20756/14200)
Back: adj. 不同情的，冷漠无情的
adv. 不同情地，冷漠无情地
分布：无情的(54%)，不表同情的(35%)，不共鸣的(11%)
US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
■not sympathetic (= showing that you understand or care about someone's suffering) 无同情心的；冷漠的

Word: thigh
Front: thigh
[θaɪ] (研六托雅 4209/4433 -2)
Back: n. 股，大腿; 食用的鸡（等的）腿
分布：大腿(100%)
→来自古英语 theoh,大腿，来自 Proto-Germanic*theuham,大腿，腿部多肉部分，来自 teuk, 来自 teue,鼓起，膨胀，词源同 thumb,tumid.
n.大腿;股骨The water was up to my thighs.水淹到我的大腿.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the part of a person's leg above the knee 股；大腿
n. [解剖] 大腿，股
 - upper leg

Word: unmet
Front: unmet
[ˌʌnˈmet] (19728/25778)
Back: adj. 未满足的，未相遇的，未应付的
分布：未满足的(70%)，未相遇的(18%)，未应付的(12%)

Word: syringe
Front: syringe
[sɪˈrɪndʒ] (宝 10644/11946 -1)
Vocabulary: syringe
(once / 6137 pages)
nv
A syringe is used, usually by a doctor or nurse, to inject or withdraw a fluid from your body.
A syringe is a medical tool used for several purposes, but they all involve liquids going in or out of your body. A flu shot is given with a syringe: that's a liquid going in. A blood sample is taken with a syringe: that's liquid coming out. Part of a syringe is a needle, so patients usually don't like them. Syringes should only be used by medical professionals.
WORD FAMILY
syringe: syringed, syringing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Food and Drug Administration for its own epinephrine pre-filled syringe for treating allergic reactions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
He crumpled to the ground, a syringe in his hand.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
At the time, syringe exchanges were illegal in the state, and Pence was against them.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 注射器，注射筒; 灌肠器; 注油筒; 洗涤器
vt. 注射; （用注水器）灌溉，浇，洗涤
时态：syringed, syringing, syringes
分布：注射器(100%)
→来自希腊语 syringa,管子，芦苇，排箫，来自 syrizein,吹管，耳语，发沙沙声，来自 swer, 沙沙声，嗡嗡声，词源同 swarm,susurrate.后用于指吸管或注射器。
【记】sy＝see，ring圆，e：看上去是圆的东西－注射器sy＝see，ringe＝range范围：看上去有范围刻度的东西－注射器
noun countable
■a hollow cylindrical piece of equipment which is used for sucking liquid out of, or pushing liquid into something, especially one with a needle which can be put under the skin and used to inject drugs, remove small amounts of blood, etc. 注射器，注射筒
[sɪ'rɪndʒ] verb transitive
■to clean the inside of the ears by pushing water into them and then sucking it out of them using a syringe （用注射器）冲洗（耳朵）
vt. 注射， [医] 冲洗
 - to inject
n. 注射器； [医] 洗涤器
 - injector, washer

Word: watertight
Front: watertight
[ˈwɔ:tətaɪt] (六 23518/18418)
Back: adj. 不漏水的; 水密的; 防渗的; 无懈可击的
分布：无懈可击的(54%)，不漏水的(46%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] adjective
NO WATER 无水
■having no openings to allow water to get in 防水的，水密的；不透水的
• They're doing some repairs to make the roof more watertight. 他们在进行一些修理，以加强屋顶的防水性。
UK ['wɔ:.tə.taɪt] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] adjective
NO DOUBTS 没有疑问
■(of a theory, plan or agreement) formed very carefully in every detail so that there is no doubt or uncertainty （理论、计划或协议）严密的，无懈可击的，毫无破绽的
• This book is designed to be provocative rather than a watertight piece of economic analysis. 这本书旨在引发大家辩论，而不是要对经济进行缜密的分析。
adj. 水密的； [建] 不漏水的；无懈可击的
 - invulnerable, unexceptionable

Word: whaler
Front: whaler
[ˈweɪlə(r)] (22682/27190)
Back: n. 捕鲸船; 捕鲸人
分布：捕鲸船(68%)，捕鲸者(32%)
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■(someone who works on) a boat which is designed for hunting whales 捕鲸船；捕鲸人
n. [水产] 捕鲸船；捕鲸者
 - factory ship

Word: whimper
Front: whimper
[ˈwɪmpə(r)] (13999/17232 -1)
Vocabulary: whimper
(once / 1673 pages)
vn
To whimper is to make a low, pitiful whining sound. If you've ever heard a sick puppy cry, you know what it means to whimper.
Use the verb whimper to describe the crying you do when you're frightened or in pain. A child with a fever might whimper, or a woman with a terrible migraine headache. It can also be a noun, although in that case the word takes on a bit of a whiny meaning: "The boy gave a whimper when he realized he was only getting one cookie." Whimper is onomatopoeic, or a word that sounds just like what it means.
WORD FAMILY
whimper: whimpered, whimpering, whimpers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The song builds to a crescendo, and ends in a whimper.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Shortly after, Gibb heard the 80-pound female husky whimpering in pain and found a cougar pinning it to the ground.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
According to the director's page on fundraising website Crowdrise, "barking, howling and whimpering may be required".
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 啜泣，呜咽; 抱怨
vt. 啜泣或呜咽着说
n. 啜泣声，呜咽声; 怨声
时态：whimpered, whimpering, whimpers
分布：呜咽(54%)，啜泣(33%)，怨声(7%)，抱怨(3%)，抽噎地哭(3%)
→拟声词。
US [-pɚ] verb intransitive
■(especially of an animal) to make a series of small, weak sounds, expressing pain or unhappiness （尤指动物因疼痛或不高兴而）呜咽，抽泣
• A half-starved dog lay in the corner, whimpering pathetically. 一只饿得半死的狗趴在角落里，可怜地呜咽着。
• I said she couldn't have an ice cream and she started to whimper. 我说不给她买霜淇淋吃，她就开始抽声哭泣。
n. 呜咽声；啜泣声；牢骚；怨声
 - beef
vi. 呜咽；啜泣；低声抱怨
 - pule, sob

Word: verdant
Front: verdant
[ˈvɜ:dnt] (宝 18292/24224)
Vocabulary: verdant
(once / 2144 pages)
adj
When something is green with plant life it's verdant, a word often used to idealize the countryside with its verdant pastures or verdant hills.
Here's a trick for internalizing verdant's meaning: If you speak Spanish, think of verde — meaning "green." If you speak French, think of vert. Both French and Spanish inherited their words for green from Latin, in which green is viridis. Verdant also can mean grass-colored: "She wore a dress of verdant green."
WORD FAMILY
verdant: verdancy, verdantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other, in the verdant hills of West Java, will adjoin a theme park.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Crate & Barrel’s chunky Big Sur furniture, in white oak, fits the vibe, as does a verdant assortment of faux banana trees, orchids and magnolias.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The earth may be growing dim, the gesture said, but our souls are verdant and blazing.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. （草、田地等）翠绿的; 嫩绿的; 长满绿色植物的; 无经验的
分布：翠绿的(54%)，青翠的(41%)，稚嫩的(5%)
→来自拉丁语viridis,绿色的，词源同verdure.
碧绿的[verd=green(绿)]
【记】ver真实，dan氮，t：施真的氮肥－青葱翠绿的
【参】verdigris（n 铜绿）
【反】sere（adj 干枯的）；sterile（adj 贫瘠的）
US ['vɝ:-] literary
adjective
■covered with healthy green plants or grass 长满绿色植物的；草木苍翠的
• Much of the region's verdant countryside has been destroyed in the hurricane. 这个地区大片草木苍翠的乡村地带都在那次飓风中毁于一旦。
adj. 青翠的；翠绿的；没有经验的；不老练的
 - young, unfamiliar

Word: annals
Front: annals
[ˈænlz] (宝)
Vocabulary: annals
(once / 701 pages)
n
Annals are chronological historical records. Some annals recount the achievements of war heroes; others, in the form of high school yearbooks, record historically terrible hairstyles.
Annals comes from the Latin word annus, meaning year. As the word itself suggests, many annals are yearly records, but this is not always the case. You may encounter the word annals in the phrase “annals of history,” which refers not to one specific historical record but the collection of all recorded history. Scholarly societies often refer to their regular reports as annals, as in the Annals of the International Society for Porcupine Studies.
WORD FAMILY
annals: annalist+/annalist: annalistic, annalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
When contacted by the AP, the Annals of Internal Medicine said it was looking into publishing a correction.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
When asked why they chose to publish the new industry-funded study, the editors of the Annals of Internal Medicine sent this statement by email:
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
In the annals of covert warfare, the CIA’s support for the Syrian opposition deserves a special, dark chapter.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 编年史; 历史记载; （学会等的）活动年报
分布：年鉴(50%)，年报(40%)，纪年表(10%)
['æn.əlz] formal
plural noun
■historical records of the activities of a country or organization, or history in general 历史记载；历史；编年史；年鉴
• The signing of the Treaty of Rome was the greatest event in the annals of European integration. 《罗马条约》的签订是欧洲一体化进程中最重大的事件。
• Quite whether he will go down in the annals of American history (= be considered) as a great leader remains to be seen. 他究竟能否作为一个伟大的领导人而载入美国史册，人们仍需拭目以待。
n. 年报；编年史； [图情] 年鉴
 - yearly report, annual report

Word: artful
Front: artful
[ˈɑ:tfl] (15505/23445 -1)
Vocabulary: artful
(once / 1008 pages)
adj
To be artful is to do something skillfully, especially in a cunning way. A con man must be artful.
To be an artist requires skill and talent: it's not easy to make art. Similarly, doing something in an artful way takes skill. A chess player is artful in escaping an opponent's attack. A politician is artful in appealing to different groups of people. This word also indicates that the skill shown is a little cunning or sneaky. In movies, villains are often artful, as they tell lies or hatch schemes. Often, artful is the opposite of straightforward.
WORD FAMILY
artful: artfulest, artfully, artfulness+/artfulness: artfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cinematography of “Louie” was more artful, often drawing from the French New Wave.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Among these is the wondrous presence of curious, artful, inventive humanity.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Not one for artful segues, Reid began speaking about Nevada transportation by saying the words Nevada transportation:
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 巧妙的; 狡猾的; 有技巧的; 人工的
分布：巧妙的(59%)，狡猾的(33%)，有技巧的(8%)
巧妙的;狡猾的(art+ful→充满诡计的)[art=skill,joint,trick,表示"技巧,关节,诡计"]
【记】不要翻成艺术的。这叫狡猾的。其实他们之间是有关系的。因为艺术家总留着大胡子，意欲掩盖真实身份，掩盖狡猾的、奸诈的一面。学艺术的千万别来找我算账，咱的目的是为了背单词！
【参】artfulness（adj 狡猾，欺诈）＝slyness
US ['ɑ:rt-] adjective
■clever and skilful, especially in getting what you want （尤指在获得自己想要的东西方面）巧妙的，机灵的，取巧的
• He has shown himself to be an artful politician. 可以看出他是个八面玲珑的政客。
• The prime minister dealt with the interviewer's questions in a very artful way. 首相很巧妙地回答了采访者的问题。
adj. 巧妙的；狡猾的；有技巧的；欺诈的
 - happy, designing, knowing, accomplished, smart

Word: whore
Front: whore
[hɔ:(r)] (8725/10687 -1)
Vocabulary: whore
(once / 2490 pages)
nv
In the original sense, a whore is a prostitute: someone who has sex for money. The word has since broadened to mean anyone who is money-hungry.
Whores traditionally whored their bodies out for money. But today a whore can be a person that compromises himself in any kind of way for monetary gain. It's also a nasty thing to call someone (especially a woman) who has a lot of sex and is often used as a vulgar insult similar to bitch. It's not really an appropriate word to call someone, including actual prostitutes.
WORD FAMILY
whore: whored, whoredom, whores, whoring+/whoredom: whoredoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A man on the street, tried to pull me away from my boyfriend and called me a ‘black whore’.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“Sons of whores I will really kill these idiots,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
So, there is a place for not just the whore, not just the madonna, but this kind of difficult woman.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 妓女，男妓; 性关系不道德的女子
vi. 卖淫，娼妓
时态：whored, whoring, whores
分布：妓女(84%)，不道德的人(8%)，嫖妓(8%)
→来自古英语hore,妓女，来自ka,爱，喜欢，渴望，词源同cherish,charity,caress,委婉语。比较urine.
US [hɔ:r] noun countable old-fashioned
■a female prostitute 妓女；娼妓
offensive
■a woman whose behaviour in her sexual relationships is considered immoral 妓女
vi. 卖淫，娼妓
 - prostitute oneself
n. 娼妓，淫妇
 - harlot, woman of the streets

Word: bruiser
Front: bruiser
[ˈbru:zə(r)] (28554/27669)
Back: n. （尤指）职业拳击家，彪形大汉，粗壮的人
分布：彪形大汉(67%)，好斗的人(22%)，拳击手(11%)
US [-zɚ] informal disapproving
noun countable
■a big, strong, rough man 壮汉，彪形大汉
• He's an ugly bruiser - I wouldn't like to meet him down a dark alley! 他是个相貌丑陋的彪形大汉——我可不愿在黑漆漆的小巷里碰上他。
n. 彪形大汉；职业拳击家；压碎机
 - crusher, crushing machine

Word: billow
Front: billow
[ˈbɪləʊ] (宝 12401/15929 -1)
Vocabulary: billow
(once / 839 pages)
nv
Something billows when there's a fluid or blowing motion, such as the air filling a curtain at an open window, or smoke billowing from a fire.
This word originally meant a wave, and that image should help you remember its current meaning too. The word usually suggests movement and growth, such as waves building and crashing. There are certain clouds that look like ocean waves, and so are called billow clouds. If you have a big shirt, the wind might make it fill with air and billow. Balloons are billowed when you inflate them. Billowing can also mean to move with difficulty — slowly.
WORD FAMILY
billow: billowed, billowing, billows, billowy
USAGE EXAMPLES
He wore those Thai fisherman’s pants with the complicated knotting at the front and more billows than a bagpipe yet he carried it off.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Plus, Science’s Alexa Billow talks to News Editor Tim Appenzeller about this year’s breakthrough, runners-up, breakdowns, and how Science’s predictions from last year help us.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Smoke billowed over the city on Friday morning as firefighters worked to douse the remaining fires.
Reuters(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 巨浪，如波涛滚滚而来之物
vi. 在波涛中翻滚; 扬起，鼓起
时态：billowed, billowing, billows
分布：巨浪(59%)，使翻腾(21%)，如巨浪翻腾的东西(10%)，波动(10%)
→词源同ball, 球，鼓起。
【记】bill钞票，low底－钞票沉底了－因为被巨浪打湿了。
US [-oʊ] verb intransitive
■to spread over a large area, or (especially of things made of cloth) to become filled with air and appear to be larger 波浪般起伏，汹涌向前；（尤指布制品）鼓起
• Smoke billowed (out) from the burning building. 缕缕浓烟不断从着火的大楼里涌出来。
• The sheets/shirts hanging on the line billowed in the breeze. 挂在绳子上的床单／衬衫在微风中飘动。
• We watched the boats with their billowing sails. 我们看着那些小船鼓起船帆。
n. 巨浪
 - very high seas, heavy sea

Word: blackwater
Front: blackwater
[b'lækwɔ:tər] (37940/40969)
Back: n. 黑尿病
分布：黑尿病(100%)

Word: cameraman
Front: cameraman
[ˈkæmrəmæn] (10976/11510 -1)
Back: n. 摄影师; 摄影记者
分布：摄影师(100%)
noun countable
■a person who operates a camera when films or television programmes are being made 摄影师；摄像师
n. 摄影师；照相师；摄影记者
 - photographer, lensman

Word: commence
Front: commence
[kəˈmens] (研六托雅宝 9454/4318 -1)
Vocabulary: commence
(once / 109 pages)
v
Commence is a fancy way of saying "begin." Your invitation to a formal wedding might note, "The ceremony will commence at noon."
If a congressman wants to start a meeting to vote on an important bill, he might say, "This meeting will begin immediately." Or, he could make the same statement in a more formal way by saying, "This meeting will commence immediately. Interestingly enough, while the word commence means to start, a commencement ceremony marks the end of a college career.
WORD FAMILY
commence: commenced, commencement, commences, commencing, recommence +/ commencement: commencements/ recommence: recommenced, recommencement, recommences, recommencing/recommencement: recommencements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before Holy Communion commences, Pastor Diggs calls the youth forward to speak to them directly.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
When the Josh Norman Bowl commences Monday night, you will be presented with two conflicting arguments about the star cornerback’s worth.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Discussions over Britain’s exit from the European Union are also scheduled to commence.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 开始; 着手; 获得学位
时态：commenced, commencing, commences
分布：开始(86%)，着手(14%)
→com-, 强调。-it, 走，开始，词源同exit, itinerary, 现在分词-ence. 双写字母m为早先错误写法，后成为固定拼写。
vt.开始vi.获得学位At the age of twenty he commenced to study French.他在二十岁时开始学法语.
【记】com共同，mence读：闷死：在开学典礼的时候应该有这种感觉。而开学典礼又是一个学期的开始
【反】cease（v 停止）
[kə'ments] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to begin something 开始；着手
• We will commence building work in August of next year. 我们将于明年八月开始破土动工。
• Shall we let the meeting commence, gentlemen? 各位先生，我们开始会议，好吗？
• [+ -ing verb] Unfortunately, he commenced speaking before all the guests had finished eating. 遗憾的是，没等所有客人都吃完，他就开始讲话了。
inaugurate, commence, start, initiate, begin
这组词都有“开始”的意思，其区别是：
inaugurate: 指正式而隆重的开始。
commence: 可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
start: 在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
initiate: 指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
begin: 最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
vt. 开始；着手
 - institute, initiate, launch on, enter upon, put in hand

Word: causation
Front: causation
[kɔ:ˈzeɪʃn] (18345/13210)
Vocabulary: causation
(once / 4192 pages)
n
Use the noun causation to talk about the process of causing something to happen. If you try to sue your brother for your bike accident, you’ll have to prove causation.
It’s easy to remember what causation means if you break it apart. Most of the word cause is in there, plus -ation, which you might recognize as a noun suffix that describes an action or process. So causation is the action of causing something. It’s a formal word, and you'll often hear it come up in legal or scientific contexts. If you become a research biologist, you might do experiments to determine causation of a particular kind of cancer.
WORD FAMILY
causation: causations+/ causal: causality, causally, noncausal/ causality: causalities/causative: causatively, noncausative/ cause: causal, causation, causative, caused, causeless, causes, causing/caused: uncaused/causeless: causelessly/causing: causings/uncaused: uncausedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A first book often ends childhood: Prikryl’s gorgeous, elegiac work borrows from folklore its bright aesthetic and swift, severe logic of causation.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Ultimately, this connection is just a correlation, with unclear causation.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 原因，（某种结果的）出现，发生因果关系
分布：因果关系(58%)，原因(42%)
US [kɑ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■the process of causing something to happen or exist 因果过程；因果关系
n. 原因；因果关系；出现
 - consideration, occurrence, appearance, emergence, matter

Word: cursory
Front: cursory
[ˈkɜ:səri] (托宝 15656/13945)
Vocabulary: cursory
(once / 3959 pages)
adj
No reason to get excited — cursory has nothing to do with bad language. Instead, it means not paying attention to details, like friends who are so busy studying for a test that they only give your new haircut a cursory glance.
Cursory dates to the early 17th century, from the French word cursoire meaning "rapid," which comes from the Latin word "cursorius," meaning "hasty, of a race or running." Something that is cursory is done quickly, like a teacher who takes a cursory look at a pile of completed tests, not to grade them, but to see if anyone attempted the bonus questions.
WORD FAMILY
cursory: cursorily, precursory
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he conducted a cursory search on the model and deduced that type of aircraft usually carries soldiers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s not uncommon for a legislator to talk for four of those minutes, leaving the witness with time for little more than a cursory response.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Once I did a cursory scan of some of my favorite genre shows from 2016, this theme was everywhere.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗略的，草率的，仓促的; 肤皮潦草
分布：粗略的(67%)，草率的(26%)，匆匆忙忙的(7%)
→来自词根cur, 跑，词源同current, course.
草率的(curs+ory→跑过去→草率的)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】curs跑－干事情跑来跑去的，匆匆忙忙的，草草率率的
【参】excursion（n 远足；旅游）
【反】painstakingly thorough（认真的）；fastidious（adj 挑剔的）
US ['kɝ:.sɚ-] adjective
■quick and probably not detailed 仓促的；草草的；粗略的
• a cursory glance/look 匆匆一瞥
• a cursory examination 粗略的检查
adj. 粗略的；草率的；匆忙的
 - rough, brief

Word: confectionery
Front: confectionery
[kənˈfekʃənəri] (33130/19797)
Back: n. 甜食
分布：糖果(90%)，糕点(8%)，甜食店(2%)
糖果店(confection糖果+ery→糖果店)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
US [-er.i] noun uncountable
■ sweets (= small pieces of sweet food, made with sugar) or chocolates 甜食；糖果；巧克力
n. 糕点糖果；糖果店
 - sweet shop, tuck-shop

Word: cucumber
Front: cucumber
[ˈkju:kʌmbə(r)] (研四六托雅 8294/12343 -1)
Back: n. 黄瓜，胡瓜
分布：黄瓜(100%)
→来自拉丁语cucumerem,黄瓜。
n.黄瓜The room is lumbered with numerous cucumbers.房间里乱堆着大量黄瓜.
US [-bɚ] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a long thin pale-green vegetable with dark green skin, usually eaten uncooked in salads 黄瓜
n. [园艺] 黄瓜；胡瓜
 - Chinese wampee, cuke

Word: doomsday
Front: doomsday
[ˈdu:mzdeɪ] (20415/35784)
Back: n. 世界末日; [有时作D-][宗教]（世界末日来临时的）最后审判日; 任何审判日; 遭灾之日
adj. 世界末日的; 预示灾难的; 预兆全球毁灭的; 会导致广泛（或全面） 毁灭的
分布：世界末日(100%)
noun uncountable
■the end of the world, or a time when something very bad will happen 世界末日
• Ecologists predict a doomsday scenario (= a time when death and destruction will happen) if the amount of pollution continues to increase at the present rate. 生态学家预言，如果污染继续以目前的速度发展下去，那么世界末日就要来临。
• You could talk till/until doomsday (= for a very long time) , but they will never change their minds. 你可以说个没完没了，但他们绝不会改变主意。
n. 世界末日；最后的审判日
 - Great Day, domesday

Word: decadent
Front: decadent
[ˈdekədənt] (托 16491/21449 -1)
Vocabulary: decadent
(once / 2129 pages)
adjn
If your friend vacations in lavish hotels, wears thousand-dollar shoes, and refuses to eat cheese that costs less than $20 an ounce, you might say her lifestyle is decadent.
A decadent is a person who has fallen into a state of moral or artistic decay. Typically, though, we use decadent as an adjective to describe wasteful indulgence or extravagance. Celebrities who find themselves unable to manage sudden fame and fortune sometimes go overboard, throwing million-dollar parties, living the fast life, turning to drugs and alcohol. And because they're famous, we read about them and their decadent lifestyles in the tabloid papers.
WORD FAMILY
decadent: decadence, decadency, decadently, decadents+/ decadence: decadences/decadency: decadencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fast-paced opening sequence of Stephen Fry’s fabulous adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s “Vile Bodies” features a divinely decadent costume party titled “Inferno.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
He imagines a decadent chocolate cake with creamy frosting.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The decadent, playful tasting menus cost a fraction of what you’d expect in pricey Stockholm, and forget elegant Scandinavian décor.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 堕落的，颓废的; 文艺颓废期的，颓废派的; 衰微的
n. 颓废派艺术家（文人）; 堕落者
分布：颓废的(54%)，堕落的(22%)，衰落的(14%)，颓废派艺术家(6%)，堕落者(4%)
【记】de向下，cad落下－落下的－衰退的源于：decay（v 衰落）
adjective
■A decadent person or group has low moral standards （人或组织）腐朽的；颓废的；堕落的
• a decadent society 腐朽的社会
• the decadent court surrounding the king 国王身边腐朽的王室成员
• humorous Champagne and chocolates for breakfast - how decadent! 早餐喝香槟吃巧克力——这可真够颓废！
adj. 颓废的；衰微的
 - deteriorative, overripe

Word: epiphany
Vocabulary: epiphany
(once / 32923 pages)
n
When inspiration hits you out of the blue, call it an epiphany.
In the Christian tradition, Epiphany (ə-PIF-ə-nee) is a festival celebrating Christ's appearance to the Gentiles, observed every year on January 6. From the Christian sense we get an additional religious sense, "the appearance of a god or deity" and the more common modern usage, a noun meaning "a sudden revelation." There's nothing religious about most epiphanies these days — your "Eureka!" moment could come when you realize that you're in the wrong line of work and you need to quit your job to join the circus.
WORD FAMILY
epiphany: epiphanies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the most important thing about this epiphany was not the arboreal splendor itself, but the Lord’s appointment on earth: The Christmas Tree Whisperer.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
It was a long road to this epiphany. Sapienza was sentenced to 25 years to life.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
After seeing himself on a hospital stretcher, he recalled: “I had an epiphany.”
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Epiphany
(once / 27297 pages)
n
Epiphany is the Christian festival held on January 6th, 12 days after Christmas, to celebrate the visit of the three kings (or wise men) to the infant Jesus.
Christians believe that on the Epiphany, the infant Christ was visited by three kings bearing gifts. It's also referred to as Twelfth Day, Three Kings Day, or Epiphany of Our Lord. It's celebrated differently around the world and can include the baking of a "king cake," gift giving, singing, and grand parades. Epiphany with a lower-case "e" means a moment of realization or understanding — like a magical "aha" moment, where you are one of those wise men.
WORD FAMILY
Epiphany: Epiphanies
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s also a specifically Christian season that includes Advent, beginning on the Sunday closest to Nov. 30, and extends until Epiphany on Jan. 6.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It was the feast of the Epiphany, a holy day of obligation, so Papa did not go to work.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Beaked Perchten, frightening female figures who appear at Epiphany, probably derive from far more archaic beliefs.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)

Word: finesse
Front: finesse
[fɪˈnes] (托宝 13491/18503 -1)
Vocabulary: finesse
(once / 4456 pages)
n
Having finesse means you can handle difficult situations with diplomacy and tact, like the finesse it takes to help two friends work out their differences — without taking sides or alienating either one.
Finesse is having grace under pressure. It's handling the rantings of an angry customer with a smile and a calm tone. Someone who has finesse says the right thing at the right time — or knows when to say nothing at all. Finesse looks like fineness and in fact comes from the Middle French word that means exactly that — delicate in nature. People with finesse can handle anything — with a delicate approach that really works.
WORD FAMILY
finesse: finesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
All around her there are silences, empty places, held breaths—an extraordinary act of literary finesse.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Fred Ward photographed pop stars, presidents and precious stones with equal finesse.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
“To achieve this product requires a lot of finesse and diplomacy.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 手腕，手段; 技巧，策略; 纤细; 偷牌
vt. 巧妙处理; 以偷牌方式先出; 施巧计; [牌]偷牌
vi. 施展巧计; 偷牌
分布：技巧(56%)，策略(26%)，偷牌(15%)，用计谋处理(3%)
→来自fine, 精细，微妙。用于指策略，手腕。
【记】fine（adj 美好的；优良的；杰出的；精美的）
【区】fineness（n 出色；优良）
【反】heavy-handedness（n 笨手笨脚）；ineptitude（n 不称职；笨拙）
noun uncountable
■great skill or style （高超的）技艺，技巧
• It was a disappointing performance which lacked finesse. 表演者技艺平平，令人失望。
[fɪ'nes] verb transitive
■to deal with a situation or a person in a skilful and often slightly dishonest way 巧妙地应对；用策略对付
• She finessed the interview by playing down her lack of experience and talking about her long-standing interest in the field. 她对自己的经验不足轻描淡写，转而谈论自己对该领域长久以来的兴趣，就这样巧妙地把面试应付过去了。
n. 策略；纤细；灵巧
 - strategy, device, facility

Word: fryer
Front: fryer
['fraɪə(r)] (25322/28106)
Back: n. 油炸（煎）锅，作油炸食品的人，可供油炸的食品（尤指嫩小鸡）
分布：=frier.(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a large deep pan in which food is fried （深底）油炸锅
• I've just bought a deep-fat fryer for cooking chips. 为了炸薯条我刚买了一口深油炸锅。
US
■a chicken suitable for frying 可油炸的仔鸡

Word: functionary
Front: functionary
[ˈfʌŋkʃənəri] (宝 19553/22070)
Vocabulary: functionary
(once / 1907 pages)
n
A functionary is someone who fills a specific role in a political party or some other organization. We tend to picture them as people in gray suits who follow the boss's orders and don't think for themselves.
The origins of this word go back to the French Revolution, and specifically Napoleon. After conquering most of Europe, Napoleon needed lots of people to help carry out all the functions, or duties, of his huge, centralized state. To build an empire you need soldiers; to run an empire you need office workers. These desk knights, if you will, were called fonctionnaires.
WORD FAMILY
functionary: functionaries+/ function: disfunction, functional, functionary, functioned, functioning, functions, misfunction/ functional: functionalism, functionality, functionally, nonfunctional, unfunctional/functionalism: functionalist/functionalist: functionalists/functionality: functionalities/ functioning: functionings/misfunction: misfunctioned, misfunctioning
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Matheson said that fact "does not transform them into lesser functionaries."
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
The investigating commission, however, said that in such cases: “The functionaries of the state would look the other way.”
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The reference is to the prisoners forced to work as functionaries in the concentration camps.
The New Yorker(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>公职人员，官员
分布：公务员(78%)，(尤指政府(11%)，政党等的)官员(11%)
→来自function, 功能。用于指公职人员。
【记】function（n 功能vi 运行；行使职责），ary－行使职责的人
US [-er-] noun countable formal
■a person who has official duties, especially in a government or political party （尤指政府机关或政党的）工作人员，公务员
• The visitors were met by a functionary who escorted them to the director's office. 来访者由一位工作人员迎接并送至局长办公室。
• a government functionary 政府公务员
n. 官员，公务员
 - official, nazir

Word: franchisee
Front: franchisee
[ˌfræntʃaɪˈzi:] (18008/26036 -1)
Back: n. 特许经营人
分布：特许经营人(100%)
noun countable
■someone who is given or sold a franchise 特许经营人

Word: housework
Front: housework
[ˈhaʊswɜ:k] (中高研 15787/7299 -1)
Back: n. 家务劳动
分布：家务劳动(100%)
n.家务,家事(不可数)She is in charge of the housework.她掌管家务.
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the work of keeping a house clean and tidy 家务
• I hate doing housework. 我讨厌做家事。

Word: hologram
Front: hologram
[ˈhɒləgræm] (18508/25113)
Vocabulary: hologram
(once / 72069 pages)
n
If you've ever looked through a View-Master, you've seen a hologram — an image or photograph that appears to be three-dimensional.
Holograms sometimes appear on credit cards, passports, and driver's licenses as security against forgery, and they are also occasionally used in art. The process of creating a hologram is complicated and scientific, usually involving a special kind of laser. The word hologram was invented by Dennis Gabor, the scientist who developed holography in 1949, by combining the Greek holos, "whole," and gramme, "line."
WORD FAMILY
hologram: holograms
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A Hologram for the King” is less about Alan’s distractions and more about how he finds himself in this void of an environment.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
The audience is steeped in apparitions, holograms of varying sophistication, projected onto glass and ambient moisture.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
Billionaires are beginning to commission holograms of themselves to be shown after they die.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 全息图; 全息照片; 综合衍射图; 原样录象
分布：全息图(100%)
→holo-,整个的，整体的，-gram,写。用于指一种三维成像技术。
US ['hɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a special type of photograph or image made with a laser in which the objects shown look solid, as if they are real, rather than flat 全息图，全息影像

Word: hawaiian
Front: hawaiian
[hɑ:ˈwaiiən] (7832/16982)
Back: n. 夏威夷人，夏威夷语
adj. 夏威夷的，夏威夷语的
分布：夏威夷的(28%)，夏威夷语(27%)，夏威夷人(27%)，夏威夷语的(18%)

Word: intestine
Front: intestine
[ɪnˈtestɪn] (托宝 11678/9135 -1)
Vocabulary: intestine
(once / 1276 pages)
n
When you eat food, it first passes into your stomach, and then into your intestine. Fun fact: your large intestine is about five feet long. Makes you wonder why they don't call it your "long intestine" instead.
The human intestine is split into two sections: the small intestine and the large intestine. Your intestine's job is to continue breaking down the food you've eaten and absorb nutrients into your bloodstream. Intestine comes from the Latin word intestinum, "gut" or "bowels," which is the neuter form of the adjective intestinus, "inward" or "internal."
WORD FAMILY
intestine: intestinal, intestines+/intestinal: intestinally
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would cut away most of their stomachs and reroute their small intestines.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
When Adams's drugs stopped working and his intestine seemed to be in danger of rupturing, his doctors advised surgery.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
The scaffold also needs to be able to contract, because this is the process that moves the intestine's contents along.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. [解]肠
adj. 内部的; 国内的
分布：肠(98%)，国内的(1%)，内部的(1%)
→来自拉丁语intus,在内部，在里面，词源同enter,enteritis.引申词义肠。
【记】in里面，test检查，ine－如果拉肚子就应该在肚子里面检查一下是否肠子出了问题？－肠子
noun countable usually plural
■(either of the two parts of) a long tube through which food travels from the stomach and out of the body while it is being digested 肠
• Antibodies from the mother's milk line the baby's intestines and prevent infection. 来自母乳的抗体遍布在婴儿的肠道中，能防止感染。
adj. 内部的；国内的
 - inner, domestic, inside, home
n. [解剖] 肠
 - enteron, bowel

Word: intestinal
Front: intestinal
[ˌɪntes'taɪnl] (13499/6822)
Back: adj. 肠的; 肠壁; 肠道细菌
分布：肠的(100%)
ADJ
肠的
Intestinal means relating to the intestines.
adj. 肠的
 - enteral

Word: joyous
Front: joyous
[ˈdʒɔɪəs] (托 12213/14459 -1)
Vocabulary: joyous
(once / 363 pages)
adj
Someone or something joyous is characterized by joy: extreme, exuberant, deep happiness. If you won the lottery, you’d probably feel joyous.
Joyous is a strong word for the absolute best moments in life. Weddings and graduations are usually described as joyous occasions. You would feel joyous if you accomplished a lifelong goal, such as earning a gold medal in the Olympics. In other words, joyous goes beyond the simple feeling of happiness you might get from watching your favorite TV show or eating a delicious sandwich — unless of course it’s a really amazing sandwich.
WORD FAMILY
joyous: joyousest, joyously, joyousness+/ enjoy: enjoyable, enjoyed, enjoyer, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys/ enjoyable: enjoyableness, enjoyably/enjoyer: enjoyers/ enjoyment: enjoyments/ joy: enjoy, joyed, joyful, joying, joyless, joyous, joys, overjoy / joyful: joyfuler, joyfulest, joyfully, joyfulness/joyless: joylessly, joylessness/ overjoy: overjoyed, overjoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
His song “Freedom ’90,” from his 1990 album “Listen Without Prejudice,” when you hear it now, is a marvel of self-assertion, self-critical but joyous.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
But none of that seemed to dampen the worshippers’ joyous spirit.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
But none of that seemed to dampen the worshipers’ joyous spirit.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 快乐的，使人喜悦的; 欢娱; 喜庆
分布：充满快乐的(50%)，使人高兴的(50%)
['dʒɔɪ.əs] literary
adjective
■full of joy; very happy 高兴的，欢快的
• a joyous hymn/event/voice 欢乐的赞歌／快乐的事／欢快的声音
adj. 令人高兴的；充满欢乐的（等于joyful）
 - glad, joyful

Word: latterly
Front: latterly
[ˈlætəli] (-/13933)
Back: adv. 近来，最近
分布：近来(54%)，最近(33%)，在后期(13%)
US ['lætˌ.ɚ-] formal
adverb
■recently 最近，近来
• Latterly, her concentration hasn't been so good. 最近她的注意力有些不太集中。
adv. 最近；近来
 - recently, newly, of late, lately, last

Word: lettuce
Front: lettuce
[ˈletɪs] (托 6589/10348 -1)
Back: n. 莴苣，生菜; <俚>纸币
分布：生菜(58%)，莴苣(42%)
→来自法语，来自拉丁语lactuca,乳汁，生菜，因其乳样的白汁而得名。拼写比较latte.
US ['letˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a plant with large green leaves, eaten raw in salads 生菜；莴苣
n. [园艺] 生菜；莴苣；（美）纸币
 - William, banknote

Word: litmus
Front: litmus
[ˈlɪtməs] (16349/36064)
Vocabulary: litmus
(once / 11879 pages)
n
Litmus is a special dye that's used to determine how acidic a substance is. Scientists use litmus to test liquids or gases to see if they're an acid or a base.
Litmus is the mix of dyes that's used to make litmus paper, a scientific tool that makes it easy to see if a material has an acidic pH. Made from lichen, litmus can be absorbed onto paper which turns blue to indicate an alkaline substance and red if it's acidic. Litmus comes from the Middle Dutch word lijkmoes, which combines lac, "red resinous substance" and moes, "pulp."
WORD FAMILY
litmus
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Merry Christmas” is an expression of goodwill, not a litmus test for determining who does, or does not, support a Christian religion.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Specificity would still be needed for, say, pollution discharge limits, but the litmus test should be whatever achieves the desired results.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
The next few years, and the rise of a new generation of filmmakers, will be the litmus test for the arrival of streaming.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 石蕊
分布：石蕊(100%)
→来自古诺斯语litmosi,用地衣中提取的染色颜料，来自lit，颜色，染料，来自wel,看，词源同vultus(拉丁语，面容，容貌),moss,苔藓，地衣。后该词用于指石蕊，因石蕊来自地衣植物中提取的蓝色色素。
noun uncountable
■a powder which is turned red by acid and blue by alkali 石蕊
• litmus paper 石蕊试纸
• a litmus test 石蕊测试

Word: multiplier
Front: multiplier
[ˈmʌltɪplaɪə(r)] (19668/13255)
Back: n. 乘数; 乘子
分布：乘数(92%)，增加者(5%)，扩音器(3%)
→来自multiply,乘，多倍。即倍数。
n. [数] 乘数； [电子] 倍增器；增加者；繁殖者
 - facient, multiplying factor

Word: mutinous
Front: mutinous
[ˈmju:tənəs] (宝 29701/24948)
Vocabulary: mutinous
(once / 3451 pages)
adj
A mutiny is a revolt, when the led no longer obey the leader. To be mutinous is to behave this way, like when the entire class rises up against a substitute teacher.
Mutinous behavior is largely associated with the behavior of unhappy crews at sea. A mutinous crew can really mess up a ship captain's day, but then again serve as a fantastic source of material for books and movies. There's something inspiring about mutinous behavior — it shows a certain defiant independent spirit that is admirable, unless of course you're the leader being mutinied against.
WORD FAMILY
mutinous: mutinously+/mutineer: mutineers/ mutiny: mutineer, mutinied, mutinies, mutinous, mutinying
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said his job included trying to create viral memes on a Facebook page called Mutinous Media, which did not list a Sputnik connection.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
That night, feeling mutinous, we skipped the karaoke, side-stepped the minders and headed out for an unguided look around Panghsan, the state capital.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
She ran in spite of a last-minute intervention by the director of a mutinous FBI.
Time(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 反抗的，叛变的
adv. 反抗地，叛变地
n. 反抗，叛变
分布：暴动的(53%)，反叛的(47%)
→来自mutiny,哗变，暴乱。
叛乱的(mutiny兵变+ous)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
adj. 暴动的；反抗的；难制服的
 - resistant, rebellious

Word: neoconservative
Front: neoconservative
[ˌni:əʊkənˈsɜ:vətɪv] (22403/-)
Back: n. <美>（前自由派在政治上转向保守的）新保守主义者，新保守派
分布：新保守派(100%)

Word: peerage
Front: peerage
[ˈpɪərɪdʒ] (35103/15993 -1)
Back: n. （统称）贵族; 贵族的爵位或头衔; 贵族姓名录; 贵族阶级
分布：贵族(84%)，贵族名册(11%)，贵族爵位或头衔(5%)
→来自peer,贵族，-age,集合名词后缀。
US ['pɪr.ɪdʒ] noun
countable usually singular
■the position of being a peer 贵族身分，贵族爵位
• She was given a peerage. 她获授贵族头衔。
• He was elevated to the peerage after distinguished service in industry. 在工业界作出杰出贡献后，他晋升贵族。
the peerage only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■the group of people who are peers, either because of their families or because they are life peers （统称）贵族
countable
■a book containing information about peers who are not life peers and their family history 贵族名册
n. （全体）贵族；贵族地位；贵族阶级
 - prince, noble, nobility

Word: patronise

Word: prehistoric
Front: prehistoric
[ˌpri:hɪˈstɒrɪk] (托宝 10293/10315 -1)
Vocabulary: prehistoric
(once / 2153 pages)
adj
If while hiking, you see strange painting on a cliff, it may be rock art from prehistoric times, meaning something from the time before history was recorded.
When you break down the word prehistoric, it’s easy to figure out what it means. The prefix pre-, means “before” and historic relates to something from a past culture. Put the two together, and you get prehistoric, a word that describes something that comes from a time before history was recorded. For example, Stonehenge is a prehistoric site, or the woolly mammoth is a prehistoric beast.
WORD FAMILY
prehistoric: prehistorically+/ historian: historians/ historical: ahistorical, historically, historicalness, prehistorical/ history: historian, historic, historical, historicism, histories, prehistory / prehistory: prehistoric
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new clue supporting that idea is a fossilized wing bone belonging to a newly discovered prehistoric bird found in the Canadian Arctic.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
That’s Rex T., Not T. Rex “There is actually something ‘prehistoric’ about the cabinet Trump is putting together.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
There is actually something “prehistoric” about the Cabinet that Trump is putting together.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 史前的; 陈旧的
分布：史前的(86%)，陈腐的(10%)，=prehistorical.(4%)
US [-hɪ'stɔ:r-] adjective
■describing the period before there were written records 史前的，有文字记载的历史以前的
• prehistoric man/humans/animals 史前人类／动物
• Painting originated in prehistoric times. 绘画始于史前时期。
■informal disapproving
■very old-fashioned 老旧不堪的，完全过时的
• He has prehistoric views about women who have careers. 他对职业女性的看法完全过时。
adj. 史前的；陈旧的
 - old, ogygian

Word: projectile
Front: projectile
[prəˈdʒektaɪl] (宝 15825/25237)
Vocabulary: projectile
(once / 1977 pages)
nadj
A projectile is a type of weapon that is propelled towards its target. If you fire a cannon, the cannonball is a projectile, but the cannon itself is not.
When projectile refers to a weapon, it is always propelled by something else. Think of the bullet in a gun or a spear thrown by a person. A rocket, which is self-propelled, is also called a projectile. As an adjective, projectile means "propelled forward" as in a projectile force or weapon. Sometimes you see the expression, projectile vomiting, a particularly violent way to throw up.
WORD FAMILY
projectile: projectiles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The match was suspended after 30 minutes when Metz fans threw projectiles at the Portuguese goalkeeper.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
The match was suspended after 30 minutes when Metz fans threw projectiles toward the Portuguese goalkeeper.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Officials say a man at the scene was hit by a projectile, but it’s unclear if it was a bullet that struck him.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 抛射体; （炮弹、子弹等）射弹，（火箭等）自动推进的武器
adj. 向前开进的; 推进的; 抛掷的; 弹射的
分布：发射体(43%)，发射的(36%)，向前开进的(21%)
→来自project,投掷，投射，-ile,名词后缀。引申词义枪弹，炮弹等。
抛射物;导弹(project+ile物体→向前扔的物体)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
抛射物(project投射)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
【记】pro向前，ject扔，ile－向前扔的东西－抛射物
【参】projector（n 投影仪）
US [-təl] specialized
noun countable
■an object that is thrown or shot forwards, especially from a weapon 投掷物；抛射物；发射物（尤指子弹、炮弹等）
• The second projectile exploded after hitting a tank. 第二发炮弹击中坦克后就爆炸了。
UK [prə'dʒek.taɪl] US [-təl] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■describes things which are thrown or shot forwards with great force 投射的，推进的
• projectile weapons 投射式武器
• projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐

Word: refiner
Front: refiner
[rɪˈfaɪnə(r)] (21767/41543)
Back: n. 精炼者，精炼机
分布：推论精细的人(34%)，精练机(33%)，精练者(33%)
n. [纸] [化工] 精炼机；精制者，精炼者
 - purifier

Word: rocker
Front: rocker
[ˈrɒkə(r)] (9154/15403 -1)
Vocabulary: rocker
(once / 3132 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A rocker is a chair that can move gently forward and backward, or a rocker is someone who appreciates rock and roll music. You could be a rocker who rocks your rocker to the beat of Guns N' Roses. Rock on!
You can also call a rocker a rocking chair. When a person is a rocker, they might be "someone who rocks in a rocking chair," but it's more likely that they're in a rock and roll band. Some rockers don't perform rock music, but they love it: "My dad was a total punk rocker back in the 80s." The chair meaning is from 18803 American English, while the rock and roll meaning originated in the 1960s.
WORD FAMILY
rocker: rockers+/ rock: rocked, rocker, rockery, rocking, rocklike, rocks, rocky /rockery: rockeries/ rocky: rockier, rockiest, rockily, rockiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Increase lighting and replace toggle switches with either a dimmer or a rocker switch.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It explains both his long-term, for-all-ages vocal approach and why he was never a punk rocker.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
An MP revealed the veteran rockers were foregoing payment during a House of Commons debate.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 摇杆，摇轴; 摇椅，摇木马; 摇滚乐歌曲，摇滚歌手; 弯底冰鞋
分布：套钩(34%)，镰刀弯(33%)，摇轴(33%)
→来自 rock,摇滚乐，-er,人。
US ['rɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
CHAIR 椅
■one of the two curved pieces of wood under a rocking chair that allow it to move backwards and forwards （摇椅的）弧形弯脚
■a rocking chair 摇椅
UK ['rɒk.ər] US ['rɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
■a singer of rock music 摇滚歌手
• an ageing rocker 上年度的摇滚歌星
■US
■a rock song or a person who really likes rock music 摇滚歌曲；摇滚乐迷
■old-fashioned
■a young person, especially in Britain in the 1950s, who wore leather clothes, rode a motorcycle and listened to rock and roll music （尤指英国20世纪50年代穿皮衣、骑摩托车、听摇滚乐的）摇滚青年
UK ['rɒk.ər] US ['rɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
off your rocker informal
■If you say that someone is off their rocker, you mean that they are behaving in a very strange or silly way. 发疯；做傻事
n. [机] 摇杆；摇的人；镰刀弯；套钩；摇轴
 - rocking lever, locking lever

Word: radius
Front: radius
[ˈreɪdiəs] (研四六托雅宝 9413/7090 -1)
Vocabulary: radius
(once / 1887 pages)
1n 2n
If you're a detective working a crime investigation, you might be told to "search over a one-mile radius," meaning, scope out everything that's within one mile of the crime scene.
The radius of a circle is the distance from its center to the circumference, and if you are working on your geometry homework, or designing anything circular, you'll be writing down a little "r" quite frequently, to stand for "radius." It's also the name of one of the bones in your forearm.
WORD FAMILY
radius: radii, radiuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But bubbles with a radius of 1.7mm across resulted in the highest number of droplets evaporating at the surface of the drink.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
I’ve got three of my favorite cinemas in that radius.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A mainstay of the industry, the business involves delivering gas by truck to customers within a radius of a few hundred miles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 半径（距离）; 用半径度量的圆形面积; 半径范围; 桡骨
分布：半径(81%)，桡骨(15%)，半径范围(3%)，辐射区(1%)
→rad-,半径，根，-us,阳性格。
n.半径,半径范围,有效航程,范围,界限The radiation radius of the radioactive radium radiator in the stadium is variable.放射性的镭暖气装置的辐射半径在体育场是易变的.
【记】源于：radiate（v 放射）从圆心放射出去的线－radius
['reɪ.di.əs] (plural radii)
noun countable
DISTANCE 长度
■(the length of) a straight line joining the centre of a circle to its edge or the centre of a sphere to its surface （圆或球体的）半径，半径长度
• The radius of this wheel is 30 cm. 这个轮子的半径是30厘米。
• This wheel has a radius of 30 cm. 这个轮子的半径是30厘米。
■a distance 半径距离；半径范围；周围
• The station, shopping centre and school lie within a one-mile radius of the house. 车站、购物中心和学校都在距这所房子一英里的范围之内。
['reɪ.di.əs] (plural radii)
noun countable
BONE 骨 specialized
■the thicker of the two bones in the lower arm 桡骨
n. [数] 半径，半径范围； [解剖] 桡骨；辐射光线；有效航程
 - semidiameter

Word: shard
Front: shard
[ʃɑ:d] (宝 10720/22511)
Vocabulary: shard
(once / 9555 pages)
n
If you break a mirror, the thin sharp pieces you want to avoid are shards. A shard is simply a broken piece of metal, glass, stone, or pottery with sharp edges.
Don't confuse shard with shred, meaning to cut into strips, or chard, a leafy green vegetable. You could use a shard of metal to shred chard into salad, but be careful that you don't cut your hands to shreds!
WORD FAMILY
shard: shards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roger Clemens fails to get votes necessary for Baseball Hall of Fame, hurls bat shard at Mike Piazza’s plaque in Cooperstown.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Mills does something similar narratively as he samples the era’s music, signposts and shards, all while circling Dorothea.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Amid the shards of 2016, Baldwin’s relevance is apparent enough.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. （玻璃、金属或其他硬物的）尖利的碎片
分布：一小片或一部分(50%)，〈动物学〉昆虫翅鞘(50%)
→来自古英语 sceard,碎片，来自 Proto-Germanic*skardas,碎片，来自 sker,切，削，分开， 词源同 shear,share,sharp.
【记】象声词：刹的一声陶瓷就碎了－陶瓷碎片
US [ʃɑ:rd] noun countable
■a piece of a broken glass, cup, container or similar object （玻璃杯、茶杯、容器或类似物品的）碎片、破片
• Shards of glass have been cemented into the top of the wall to stop people climbing over. 墙头上用水泥黏着玻璃碎片，以防止人们翻墙过去。
n. （甲虫的） [昆] 鞘翅；陶瓷碎片
 - potsherd

Word: smite
Front: smite
[smaɪt] (14488/16110)
Vocabulary: smite
(once / 344 pages)
v
To smite is to strike with a heavy blow. If you’re playing an ancient Norse warrior in a play, you might get to smite your enemy with a club.
Smite comes from the old English for striking or smearing. You’re most likely to find it reading Biblical stories or mythologies, for example, where the thunderbolt of Zeus smites some misbehaving Greek fellow. The past participle of this verb is the cool word smitten, which is what you say about someone who's fallen head over heels for something or someone, that is, their emotions have been struck.
WORD FAMILY
smite: smit, smited, smites, smiting, smitten, smote
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regardless, they hit it off, with the Daily Mail reporting that Harry was immediately smitten, and he “bombarded” Markle with texts.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Ray, himself a pianist, was smitten by her musical proficiency, not to mention her striking good looks.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Jarman was instantly smitten with the much younger computer programmer, then employed on secret Ministry of Defence projects.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 猛打，重击，打击
n. <口>打; 尝试; 一点儿
时态：smote, smitten, smiting, smites
分布：重击(78%)，折磨(11%)，迷惑(11%)
[smaɪt] (smote, smitten) literary
verb transitive
■to hit someone forcefully or to have a sudden powerful or destructive effect on someone 重击；深深影响
vt. 打；重击；毁灭；侵袭；使神魂颠倒
 - strike, beat upon
vi. 打；重击
 - strike, hit
n. 打；重击
 - hit, beating

Word: sandal
Front: sandal
[ˈsændl] (宝 8141/12270 -1)
Vocabulary: sandal
(once / 1745 pages)
n
A sandal is a lightweight, open shoe that you're most likely to wear in the summer time. If you want your toes to show, buy some sandals!
The difference between a sandal and a conventional shoe is that much of your feet are exposed when you wear sandals. Because of their strappy form, sandals are most common in the warmest months and the warmest climates. The oldest known sandals are about 10,000 years old, and the ancient Greeks commonly wore them. In fact, the word sandal comes from the Greek root sandalon.
WORD FAMILY
sandal: sandals
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were so many people in shorts or skirts and sandals.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Too poor to afford shoes, many wore plastic sandals, with mud caking their feet and toes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Though designed for hiking, the sports sandals are worn everywhere here — often with socks.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 凉鞋，草带鞋; [植]檀香木
v. 使穿上凉鞋
分布：凉鞋(82%)，檀香木(18%)
→来自古法语 sandale,凉鞋，来自拉丁语 sandalium 草鞋，木屐，来自希腊语 sandalon,草鞋， 木屐，可能来自梵语 candana,檀香木。
【记】在sand沙滩上穿sandal可以防水。
noun countable
■a light shoe, especially worn in warm weather, consisting of a bottom part held onto the foot by straps 凉鞋
• a pair of sandals 一双凉鞋
• open-toed sandals 露趾凉鞋
n. [服装] 凉鞋；檀香；檀香木；便鞋
 - santal, almug

Word: router
Front: router
[ˈru:tə(r)] (15815/30059)
Back: n. 刳刨者; 刳刨工具; 刳刨机; 路由器（传送信息的专用网络智能设备）
分布：路由器(98%)，刨槽工(1%)，安排路线的人(1%)
→来自 route,路线，-er,表物。引申词义路由器。
N-COUNT
路由器
On a computer or network of computers, a router is a piece of equipment which allows access to other computers or networks, for example the Internet.
n. [计] 路由器；刳刨者
 - Linksys

Word: snooty
Front: snooty
[ˈsnu:ti] (25081/33503)
Vocabulary: snooty
(once / 34459 pages)
adj
Use the word snooty to describe someone who is a terrible, stuck-up snob. Your snooty grandmother might refuse to take the subway because she doesn't want to mix with regular people.
Snooty people generally think they're better than everyone else, often because they have more money or believe they belong to a higher social class. A snooty college freshman might demand a single room in the very best dorm, and a snooty waiter in a fancy restaurant might make you feel like you don't belong there. Snooty first appeared as college slang in 1918, from the now defunct 1800's word snouty, which implied "looking down your nose at people."
WORD FAMILY
snooty: snootier, snootiest, snootily, snootiness+/snoot: snoots, snooty
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2016, new wave conservative media outlets like Breitbart have gained trust with their audience by painting traditional news sources as snooty and aloof.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
In the early days, Starbucks was almost snooty, serving espresso to people who were too good for regular drip coffee.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Trading Places stars Eddie Murphy as a poor, black grifter who is given a snooty, rich white man’s house.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. <口>高傲自大的，媚上傲下的
分布：傲慢的(62%)，自大的(38%)
→snoot,鼻孔朝天的人，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义傲慢的，目中无人的。
US [-tˌi] informal
adjective
■behaving in an unfriendly way because you believe you are better than other people 高傲自大的，目中无人的
• She was one of those really snooty sales assistants that you often find in expensive shops. 她是那种目中无人、特别爱摆架子的营业员，就是你在高级商店里经常能见到的那类人。
adj. 傲慢的，自大的；目中无人的
 - arrogant, assuming, haughty

Word: streetcar
Front: streetcar
[ˈstri:tkɑ:(r)] (15745/-)
Back: n. 有轨电车
分布：市内有轨电车(75%)，路面电车(25%)
US [-kɑ:r] noun countable US for tram
• The cheapest way of seeing the city is to take a streetcar. 在这座城市观光最经济的方法是搭乘路面电车。
n. [车辆] 有轨电车
 - trolley car, trolley-bus

Word: storyteller
Front: storyteller
[ˈstɔ:ritelə(r)] (9724/23560 -1)
Back: n. 讲故事的人，说书人; 故事作者
分布：讲故事者(72%)，撒谎者(28%)
US ['stɔ:r.iˌtel.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who writes, tells or reads stories 故事作者；说书人；讲故事的人

Word: tactician
Front: tactician
[tækˈtɪʃn] (25733/33393)
Vocabulary: tactician
(once / 9850 pages)
n
A tactician is someone good at planning tactics: the specific means of accomplishing goals.
A strategy is an overall plan for accomplishing something. Tactics are the steps taken to carry out the strategy. If someone is skilled at coming up with tactics, they are a tactician. In a political campaign, a tactician helps with speeches and ads. In football, a tactician draws up plays. In war, a tactician figures out specific ways of carrying out the plans of the generals. A tactician knows how to get things done.
WORD FAMILY
tactician: tacticians+/ tactic: tactics / tactical: tactically/ tactics: tactical, tactician
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think it does look optimistic for a race record,” Wild Oats tactician Iain Murray said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
This sketch of Jackson the tactician—a player of chess, a game that rewards careful thought and foresight—explains much about his character.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Zidane may not be a tactician or a visionary; his presence is so brooding that it is impossible to imagine him as a tub-thumping rhetorician.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 战术家，策士
分布：战术家(87%)，策士(13%)
→来自 tactic,战术，策略，-ian,人。
noun countable
■someone who is skilled in using tactics 战术家；有策略的人；谋划家
n. 战术家；谋士
 - schemer, idea man

Word: trotskyite

Word: unbind
Front: unbind
['ʌn'baɪnd] (30404/42173)
Back: vt. 解开，解放
时态：unbound, unbinding, unbinds
分布：解开(80%)，释放(20%)
解开(un+bind捆住)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
[ʌn'baɪnd] (unbound, unbound)
verb transitive
■to release someone or something from a rope, string, etc. that has been tying them up 解开（绳索）
• My hands were unbound and my blindfold removed. 我手上的绳子被解开了，我的眼罩也被拿掉了。
vt. 解开；解放
 - unriddle, unlash

Word: tart
Front: tart
[tɑ:t] (宝 9921/10552 -1)
Vocabulary: tart
(once / 1358 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
A tart is small pie filled with fruit or custard, with no top crust, like the cherry tarts you bought at the bakery.
As an adjective, tart describes a sour taste, like lemon, or harsh words, like your friend's tart reply to a question that makes her mad. In the 19th century, tart was British slang for "pretty woman." Some believe it is a shortening of "sweetheart." But by the end of that century, tart described a prostitute, something many language scholars trace back to the tart that you get at the bakery.
WORD FAMILY
tart: tarter, tartest, tartlet, tartly, tartness, tarts+/tartlet: tartlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Slices of crisp-skinned duck breast lounged on a raft of grilled Belgian endive amid dollops of tart pomegranate curd.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Ground chicken with truffles, a dollop of black truffle mayonnaise, tart frisée salad, pickled onions — and shards of crispy chicken skin.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
There are still very sweet meads out there, but many others are reminiscent of a tart white wine.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 酸的，辛辣的; 尖刻的; 严厉的
n. 果馅饼; 轻佻的女人; 妓女; 小妞
vt. 将某人打扮得妖艳，将某物装饰得俗气
分布：酸的(42%)，果馅饼(25%)，刻薄的(18%)，尖酸的(15%)
→来自古法语 tarte, 甜馅饼， 来 自拉丁语 torta panis, 来自 torta, 旋转的， 扭 曲的， 词源同 torture,panis,面包，词源同 pantry.引申俚语义妓女，骚货。
【记】被tart的人流tear。
US [tɑ:rt] noun
FOOD 食品
countable or uncountable
■an open pastry case with a filling, usually of something sweet such as fruit 果馅饼
• apple/strawberry/custard tart 苹果／草莓／蛋奶馅饼
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] noun
WOMAN 女人
countable very informal disapproving
■a woman who intentionally wears the type of clothes and make-up that attract sexual attention in a way that is too obvious 妖艳的女人，放荡的女人
countable old-fashioned slang
■a female prostitute 妓女
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] adjective
SOUR 酸的
■(especially of fruit) tasting sour or acidic (= containing acid) （尤指水果）酸的
• You might need some sugar on the rhubarb - it's a bit tart. 大黄茎上可能要加点糖——这东西有点酸。
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] adjective
BEHAVIOUR 行为
■(especially of a way of speaking) quick or sharp and unpleasant （尤指说话方式）尖刻的，刻薄的
• a tart remark/comment/reply 刻薄的话／评论／回答
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] tart yourself up UK informal disapproving or humorous
■to try to make yourself look more attractive by putting on make-up, jewellery and fashionable clothes 打扮得妖艳俗丽，打扮得花枝招展
• She's still in the bathroom, tarting herself up. 她还在化妆室里梳洗打扮呢。
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tart sth up UK informal often disapproving
■to make something look more attractive or decorative, usually by making very quick or very obvious changes 把…装点一新；（通常指）把…草草装饰一番
• He made his money by tarting up slum houses and selling them at a huge profit. 他赚钱的方法是将破旧的房子装点一下，再转手牟取暴利。
adj. 酸的；锋利的；尖刻的
 - acid, sharp, cutting, bitter
n. 果馅饼；妓女
 - sporting woman, hetaerae
vt. 打扮
 - dress oneself, array

Word: tad
Front: tad
[tæd] (14469/25270)
Back: n. 小孩子（尤指男孩），微量，少量; 一点点
分布：孩子(50%)，少量(50%)
→缩写自 tadpole,蝌蚪。比喻用法。
[tæd] informal
noun only singular
a tad
■a little, slightly 有点
• The fish was OK, but the chips were a tad greasy. 那鱼不错，可是炸薯条有些油腻。
n. 少量；小孩子；小男孩
 - bit, driblet

Word: verve
Front: verve
[vɜ:v] (宝 21644/20504 -1)
Vocabulary: verve
(once / 8827 pages)
n
If something has an energetic style or vitality, you can say it has verve. Dancers are noted for their verve on the stage. Morticians? Not so much.
Similar words to verve include vim, vigor, and élan. Verve comes from the Latin root word verba, meaning words, and in English originally meant a special talent in writing. Although the "special talent" sense is now archaic, verve is still an excellent choice to describe a writing style.
WORD FAMILY
verve
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their attack was exponentially better, and Patrick Vieira got them playing with verve even on the road until that playoff sequence.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Compositional verve and common sense are often at exhilarating odds in Sarah McRae Morton’s work.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
There’s even more verve in the musical parodies of “Popstar” than in the strenuous emptiness, forced whimsy, and programmed emotion of “La La Land.”
The New Yorker(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 热情; （艺术品等的）气韵，神韵; 生气，活力; 气魄
分布：神韵(70%)，活力(22%)，热忱(5%)，特殊才能(3%)
→来自拉丁语verba,灵光闪现想出的字词，灵感，词源同word。原指在写作和艺术方面特殊的才能，引申义神韵，热情等。
【记】v胜利，er人，ve胜利：总是胜利的人有活力。
【反】listlessness（n 无精打采）；lassitude（n 疲乏）
US [vɝ:v] noun uncountable
■great energy and enthusiasm 精力；活力；热情
• She delivered her speech with tremendous wit and verve. 她发表演讲时饱含激情，妙语连珠。
n. 热情；神韵；活力；气魄
 - passion, energy, flame, vitality, fire

Word: unmatched
Front: unmatched
[ˌʌnˈmætʃt] (托 17076/20906)
Back: adj. 无敌的，无比的; 不相配的; 无前; 曾无与二
分布：无匹敌的(32%)，不相配的(30%)，不成对的(23%)，无配偶的(15%)
[ʌn'mætʃt] formal
adjective
■having no equal; better than any other of the same type 无可匹敌的，无双的，无与伦比的
• For years they have enjoyed a standard of living unmatched by any other country in Europe. 多年来，他们所享受的生活水准是欧洲其他任何国家都无法比拟的。
adj. 无与伦比的；不相配的；无匹敌的
 - uneaqualed, unrivalled

Word: ur
Front: ur
[ʌ,ə(:)] (-/28950)
Back: int. 呃，嗯（表示踌躇）
分布：铀(100%)

Word: unintentional
Front: unintentional
[ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənl] (18131/19360 -1)
Vocabulary: unintentional
(once / 2848 pages)
adj
If an action is lacking a specific intent or plan, it can be described as unintentional. If you didn't mean to burp during Thanksgiving dinner, it was unintentional.
If you grow an unintentional watermelon plant in your yard, it means you didn't plant it on purpose. It may be an unintentional result of last month's epic watermelon seed spitting contest. A little boy might cut his own hair into an unintentional Mohawk, and your wrong turn in an unfamiliar city might result in an unintentional visit to the zoo. The root word is the Latin intentionem, "a stretching out, straining, exertion, or effort," plus the prefix un, or "not."
WORD FAMILY
unintentional: unintentionally+/ intend: intended, intending, intends, intention / intended: intendedly, unintended/ intention: intentional, intentions/ intentional: intentionality, intentionally, unintentional /unintended: unintendedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Block’s own story provides an unintentional clue to this paradox.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The largest block of deaths over the five-year period - 150 children - stemmed from accidents and unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle crashes and drownings.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Unlike my dad, who was always a Pollyanna and unapologetically himself, I was an unintentional pessimist with a full assortment of emotions.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不是故意的; 无意的，无心的; 无意识的
分布：无心的(59%)，非故意的(41%)
adjective
■not intentional (= planned) 无心的，非故意的
adj. 非故意的；无意识的
 - mechanical, automatic, unconscious, spontaneous

Word: welter
Front: welter
[ˈweltə(r)] (宝 23700/18587)
Vocabulary: welter
(once / 3648 pages)
nv
Use the noun welter to describe an enormous, messy pile, like the jumble of papers, coffee mugs, pens, and food wrappers on the desk of the messiest person in the office.
Welter can also be a verb — the items in the pile on the messy desk welter every time someone tries to pull something out. This means they roll and get tossed around. Maybe the person isn't as messy as you think. Possibly his projects keep him so weltered — meaning "deeply involved" — that he doesn't have the time or energy to deal with the mess.
WORD FAMILY
welter: weltered, weltering, welters+/ welt: welted, welter, welting, welts
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a candidate, Mr. Trump’s statements on this subject were a welter of different ideas.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The wall above the bed’s headboard was covered with a welter of color printouts depicting closeups of Caravaggio paintings.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Acknowledging the whiplash-inducing welter of characters, we are admonished thus:
New York Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 滚; 打滚; 浸; 浸湿
n. 混乱; 杂乱混合，大杂烩
时态：weltered, weltering, welters
分布：混乱(43%)，翻滚(35%)，次重量级的摔跤手(11%)，沉迷(11%)
→来自wel,转，卷，拱起，词源同vault,weal。引申词义杂乱的一堆。
【记】源于：wallow（v /n 打滚）
【反】orderly arrangement（安排有序的）
US [-tˌɚ] noun only singular
■a large and especially badly organized number of things 杂乱的一堆东西，乱七八糟的一堆东西
• We are reducing the company's welter of development projects and will streamline sales and marketing. 我们正在缩减公司杂乱无章的开发专案计划，并将简化公司的销售和市场行销流程。
vi. 翻滚；沉溺；起伏
 - wave, roll over
n. 混乱；翻滚；起伏
 - disorder, chaos, confusion, fluctuation, turmoil

Word: vladivostok
Front: vladivostok
[vlædiˈvɔstɔk] (-/37945)
Back: 符拉迪沃斯托克

Word: wallpaper
Front: wallpaper
[ˈwɔ:lpeɪpə(r)] (9797/7957 -2)
Back: n. 壁纸，墙纸
vt. 用（或好象用）壁纸盖住
vi. 糊墙纸
时态：wallpapered, wallpapering, wallpapers
分布：壁纸(96%)，贴壁纸(3%)，添加墙纸(1%)
US ['wɑ:lˌpeɪ.pɚ] noun
WALL 墙壁
countable or uncountable
■a thick, often decorative, paper used for covering the walls and sometimes ceilings of a room 墙纸，壁纸
• a roll of wallpaper 一卷壁纸
• We thought we'd put up/hang some wallpaper in the children's bedroom to make it brighter. 我们觉得可以在孩子们的卧室里贴一些壁纸，使屋子显得更明亮些。
• I saw a wallpaper today that would be just right for the bathroom. 我今天看到了一种壁纸，正适合用来装饰浴室。
• We'll need some wallpaper paste and a big brush. 我们需要一些糊墙纸的浆糊和一把大刷子。
UK ['wɔ:lˌpeɪ.pər] US ['wɑ:lˌpeɪ.pɚ] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
uncountable specialized
■a design or image that you choose to appear on the desktop (= main) screen of your computer （电脑）桌面背景
UK ['wɔ:lˌpeɪ.pər] US ['wɑ:lˌpeɪ.pɚ] verb transitive
■to put wallpaper on the walls of a room 贴上壁纸
• We've wallpapered the bedrooms. 我们已经给卧室贴上了壁纸。
n. [建] 壁纸，墙纸
 - papering

Word: vindictive
Front: vindictive
[vɪnˈdɪktɪv] (宝 18233/18718 -1)
Vocabulary: vindictive
(once / 1342 pages)
adj
It is no fun hanging out with vindictive people, who are forever out to get back at people they think have hurt them. If you forget to say hello to them one day in the hall, they will carry a grudge against you into next week.
Vindictive is often paired with mean, as in "the atmosphere of the cheerleading squad at my new school was vindictive and mean and I wanted nothing to do with it." Vindictive rumors show a spirit full of revenge. Vindictive is from Latin vindicta "revenge." The related Latin verb vindicare has the very different meaning "to defend or clear someone from guilt," and this is the source of the English verb vindicate.
WORD FAMILY
vindictive: unvindictive, vindictively, vindictiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of the Evangelists, John is the most vindictive toward the Jews, and many Baroque settings of his Passion narrative preserve that animus.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
By then, there was already a movement afoot for more open, less vindictive government.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
At the same time, the AKP government must stop using vindictive, divisive language.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 怀有或显示报复心的; 恶意的，怀恨的; 惩罚的
分布：有报仇心的(37%)，惩罚的(35%)，怀恨的(28%)
→来自vindicate,提供证据，反驳指责，后引申词义指复仇，报复。
有报复心的(vin力量+dict说+ive)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
报复性的(vindict报仇)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【区】vindicate（v 维护；辩护）
[vɪn'dɪk.tɪv] disapproving
adjective
■having or showing a wish to harm someone because you think that they have harmed you; unwilling to forgive 想复仇的；报复性的；怀恨在心的
• In the film 'Cape Fear', a lawyer's family is threatened by a vindictive former prisoner. 在电影《恐怖角》里，一个律师家庭受到了一个出狱囚犯企图报复的威胁。
adj. 怀恨的；有报仇心的；惩罚的
 - spiteful, malicious

Word: amphetamine
Front: amphetamine
[æmˈfetəmi:n] (18794/22463 -1)
Back: n. 安非他明，苯基丙（一种兴奋剂）胺
分布：名词(100%)
→全称alphamethylphenethylamine. alpha, A. methyl, 甲基。phen, 酚。ethyl, 乙基。amine, 氨。
US [-fetˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■any of several types of drug used as a stimulant (= a substance which makes the mind or body more active) 苯丙胺，安非他命
• Floyd was banned from racing after a drug test revealed traces of amphetamine in his urine. 佛洛德因兴奋剂检测显示其尿液中含有微量安非他命成分而被禁赛。
n. 苯丙胺， [药] 安非他明（解除忧郁、疲劳的药）
 - Benzedrine

Word: absenteeism
Front: absenteeism
[ˌæbsənˈti:ɪzəm] (托宝 19278/15710)
Vocabulary: absenteeism
(once / 17563 pages)
n
If you’ve got no reason to skip school or work but you do it all the time anyway, you’ve go a bad case of absenteeism. When there's absenteeism, someone isn't showing up.
Absenteeism is a word for the habit of being absent. If you miss weeks of school, absenteeism has become a problem. Calling in sick to work every week is another example of absenteeism. Absenteeism can be like a contagious disease — sometimes entire schools have problems with absenteeism. If there’s a good excuse for the absence, like a serious illness, it’s not absenteeism. So don’t forget those doctor’s notes.
WORD FAMILY
absentee: absenteeism, absentees+/ absence: absences/ absent: absence, absented, absentee, absenting, absently, absents
USAGE EXAMPLES
After flu, back pain is the main cause of absenteeism.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
It will look at information like Vadir data, rates of absenteeism, and school surveys from parents, teachers and students.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Though IS threatened flogging and even death as punishments for absenteeism, students and teachers alike stayed away from the university, according to Mosul Eye.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 旷工; 旷课; 在外地主经济制; （地主、业主的）长期在外
分布：名词(100%)
n. [劳经] 旷工；旷课；有计划的怠工；经常无故缺席
 - truancy

Word: wickedness
Front: wickedness
['wɪkɪdnəs] (21506/15372)
Back: n. 邪恶，恶事，恶毒
分布：邪恶(100%)
n. 邪恶；不道德
 - evil, iniquity

Word: zander

Word: backgrounder
Front: backgrounder
['bækɡraʊndər] (35321/-)
Back: n. 政府官员举行的记者招待会
分布：记者招待会(100%)

Word: blemish
Front: blemish
[ˈblemɪʃ] (托宝 17561/18800 -1)
Vocabulary: blemish
(once / 1712 pages)
nv
A blemish is a small flaw. If you borrow your brother's brand new bicycle, you'd better be careful — what might seem like the tiniest blemish to you might be a horribly ruined paint job to him.
The classic example of a blemish is a pimple or other mark on your skin, but you can call any small defect a blemish — like a worm hole in an apple or a scrape on the side of your car. A flaw or fault in your personality or morals can also be called a blemish. You might say that the one time your dog accidentally nipped you is the only blemish on his reputation as a sweet, gentle pet.
WORD FAMILY
blemish: blemished, blemishes, blemishing+/blemished: unblemished
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only real blemish on Stoops’ coaching resume?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
So looking back on the season, our only blemish is SC.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But in the glaring spotlight of a crushing 34-31 defeat to the Arizona Cardinals, all the Seahawks’ warts and blemishes re-emerged in vivid detail.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 瑕疵，缺点; 污点; 不名誉
vt. 有损…的完美; 玷污; 损害; 弄脏
时态：blemished, blemishing, blemishes
分布：瑕疵(29%)，污点(22%)，玷污(17%)，损害(16%)，缺点(16%)
→词源同bleach, 漂白，白斑，或其它斑点。
玷污[blem=stain(弄脏)]
【记】读：布莱（尔）迷失。这个可不是女巫布莱尔，是英国首相布莱尔，如果他丢了，是不是英国皇室的一大耻辱？
noun
countable
■a mark on something that spoils its appearance 疤痕；斑点；瑕疵
• freckles, scars and other minor skin blemishes 雀斑、疤痕及其他皮肤上的小瑕疵
countable or uncountable
■a fault in a person's character （人品性上的）污点，缺点
• Is any politician's record without blemish on this issue? 在这个问题上，有哪个政客没有污点记录？
['blem.ɪʃ] verb transitive
■to spoil something 损坏，破坏
• This latest revelation has seriously blemished the governor's reputation. 最近揭露的这件事严重损害了州长的名誉。
n. 瑕疵；污点；缺点
 - defect, deficiency, vice, fault, disadvantage
vt. 玷污；损害；弄脏
 - hurt, soil, mud, cloud, spot

Word: cataclysm
Front: cataclysm
[ˈkætəklɪzəm] (托宝 22077/35007)
Vocabulary: cataclysm
(once / 4489 pages)
n
The hurricane battered the coast, causing the city to flood, and tens of thousands of people were stranded without food or water. When an event causes great suffering, we call it a cataclysm.
Cataclysm comes from the Greek word kataklysmos which means "a deluge or flood." So saying something was “a disaster of cataclysmic proportions” is particularly apt when you're talking about a tsunami. Still, people use the word cataclysmic to describe non-watery disasters, too, like stock market crashes, painful breakups, and failed grammar tests.
WORD FAMILY
cataclysm: cataclysmal, cataclysmic, cataclysms+/ cataclysmic: cataclysmically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The samples were then sent to a lab in Germany, where they were examined for clues about the environment in the wake of the cataclysm.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Fortunately, once he and his colleagues did this, they determined that the 2126 cataclysm was vanishingly unlikely.
The New Yorker(Aug 11, 2016)
But no wrathful god or malevolent alien force proved necessary for human beings: we were quite capable of being our own worst cataclysm.
Salon(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. （突然降临的）大灾难
分布：大洪水(59%)，地震(41%)
→cata-, 向下。-clysm, 冲洗，流，词源可能同flow, flood. 原指大洪水。
洪水;大灾难(cata[cata-表示"向下,相反,离开"]离开＋clysm洪水,冲→被洪水冲掉→大灾难)
洪水(cata向下+clysm)[clys=dash(猛冲)]
【记】cata向下，clysm冲走－大洪水－灾难
【参】catacomb（n 地下墓穴）
US ['kætˌ-] literary
noun countable
■a great destructive event or sudden violent change 剧变；大灾难；大变动
n. 灾难；大洪水，地震；（社会政治的）大变动
 - disaster, earthquake, tragedy, calamity

Word: conclave
Front: conclave
[ˈkɒŋkleɪv] (宝 25904/35748)
Vocabulary: conclave
(once / 3590 pages)
n
A private or secret meeting is a conclave. What are some reasons you might hold a conclave? You might be convening the executive committee on the board of a company, or you might be planning a surprise party.
In Catholicism, a conclave is specifically a meeting of Roman Catholic cardinals who are locked in a room in seclusion when they need to choose a new pope. The word conclave comes from the Latin and originally meant "a locked room." The school's band boosters held a conclave to discuss the harsh district budget cuts and how those cuts might affect all the other music programs at school.
WORD FAMILY
conclave: conclaves
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will be the mother of all conclaves.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
There was another factor: The Giants’ bullpen resembled a conclave of arsonists.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
A turgid communiqué summarising the outcome of the four-day conclave contained few other revelations.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 秘密会议，教皇选举会议，红衣主教团
分布：秘密会议(63%)，教皇选举会议(21%)，红衣主教团(16%)
→con-, 强调。-clav, 钥匙，锁匙，词源同clavicle, close. 即锁住的房间，原指主教聚集在一起选举教皇的会议。
【源】原指在天主教选举的秘密场所中，红衣主教聚在一起选举新教皇的会议。
【记】con共同，clave＝cave山洞：共同聚在山洞里开会。中间的l象征教皇的权杖。
【区】concave（adj 凹的）
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable formal
■a private meeting at which the discussions are kept secret 秘密会议，秘密集会
specialized
■a meeting of cardinals (= Catholic priests) at which the Pope (= leader of the Catholic church) is elected （天主教）枢机选举教皇的秘密会议
n. 秘密会议；红衣主教团；教皇选举会议
 - closed-door meeting, secret session

Word: chancellorship
Front: chancellorship
[t'ʃɑ:nsələʃɪp] (-/38315)
Back: n. 长官的职位或任期
分布：长官之职位或任期(100%)

Word: cowardice
Front: cowardice
[ˈkaʊədɪs] (16879/18805)
Vocabulary: cowardice
(once / 1036 pages)
n
Cowardice is a lack of bravery. If you run away screaming when your Uncle Marvin shows up to the Halloween party in a clown mask, you will betray your cowardice — particularly if you're not a child.
The opposite of courageousness is cowardice. For example, not standing up for someone who's being bullied shows cowardice. The origin of the words coward and cowardice has been traced to the Latin word for "tail," coda, showing a connection with a popular phrase that describes cowardice: "walking away with their tails between their legs."
WORD FAMILY
cowardice: cowardices
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ben Jealous, the former President and CEO of the NAACP, said it was “all driven by corruption and cowardice.”
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Tony Chambers, vice president for student development at the college, called the note a “targeted act of intimidation and cowardice.”
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
The president’s vacuous response to Mr. Castro’s death brilliantly reflected the moral cowardice of the “Obama Doctrine.”
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 懦弱，胆怯
分布：懦弱(100%)
胆怯(coward胆小鬼+ice)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【反】pluck（n 勇气；v 拔毛）
N-UNCOUNT
惧怕;胆小;懦弱
Cowardice is cowardly behaviour.
例：He openly accused his opponents of cowardice.他公然指责对手胆小懦弱。
n. 怯懦；胆小
 - poltroonery, recreancy

Word: corroborate
Front: corroborate
[kəˈrɒbəreɪt] (托宝 11342/18926 -1)
Vocabulary: corroborate
(once / 1334 pages)
v
To corroborate is to back someone else’s story. If you swear to your teacher that you didn't throw the spitball, and your friends corroborate your story by promising that you were concentrating on math homework, she might actually believe you.
For example, a witness in court corroborates the testimony of others, and further experimentation can corroborate a scientific theory. Near synonyms are substantiate and confirm. Corroborate, originally meaning "to support or strengthen," was borrowed from Latin corrōborāre, formed from the prefix cor- "completely" plus rōborāre "to strengthen" (from rōbur "strength").
WORD FAMILY
corroborate: corroborated, corroborates, corroborating, corroboration, corroborative, corroboratory+/corroborated: uncorroborated/ corroboration: corroborations/corroborative: corroboratively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mobile phone data for all three men corroborated Ismail's statement that they were present in the area at the time Sarakat was delivered there.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
My own “investigation” corroborated the pecan pickers’ poll.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
However, other inmates questioned independently by human rights workers at the penal colony corroborated Mr. Dadin’s claims.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）; 使（信仰等）坚定; 使巩固，使加强
n. 确证者，证物
时态：corroborated, corroborating, corroborates
分布：证实(66%)，确证(34%)
→cor-, 强调。-rob, 强壮，词源同robust.
证实(cor+robor力量+ate→用力量→证实)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
证实;加强(cor共同+robor+ate→共同有力量→加强,证实)[rabor=strength,表示"力量"]
【记】robor力量（读：萝卜）－加强力量－支持，强化cor共同，robor＝robot机器人，ate吃：一堆机器人一起吃饭，为了增强体力，建设祖国。
【参】corroborant（adj 使强壮的；n 强壮剂）＝roborant；corroborative（adj 确定的；证实的）
【反】controvert（v 辩论；反驳）；deny（v 拒绝；否认）
US [-'rɑ:.bə-] formal
verb transitive
■to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information 证实，确证
• Recent research seems to corroborate his theory. 最新研究似乎证实了他的理论。
vt. 证实；使坚固
 - favor, make sure, validate, sustain

Word: corker
Front: corker
[ˈkɔ:kə(r)] (41619/37012)
Back: n. 塞瓶的人（或器具），<美俚>非凡出众者
分布：压塞机(100%)
→来自cork, 瓶塞，开瓶的美酒。比较dishy, 好菜，性感的。
US ['kɔ:r.kɚ] informal mainly humorous
noun countable
■a person or thing that is especially good, attractive or funny 很好的人（或物）；有魅力的人（或事）；有趣的人（或事）
• She told an absolute corker of a story about a priest she'd mistaken for an ex-lover. 她讲了件特别有趣的事，她把一位神父错当成了从前的情人。
n. 压塞机；塞瓶塞的人；出色的人
 - stunner

Word: ding
Front: ding
[dɪŋ] (28040/26493)
Vocabulary: ding
(once / 4839 pages)
1nv 2n
A ding is the sound that a bell makes — a kind of metallic, musical ringing. When you hear the ding of the doorbell, you'll know that the pizza delivery guy is here.
Bells, telephones, and doorbells all make a ding, and the word is a verb as well: "I'm going to run when I hear the dinner bell ding — I want to be first in line." Another kind of ding is a small dent or nick in a surface, the kind you might get in your car's bumper during a minor fender bender. Ding falls in the category of imitative words, which sound like their meaning.
WORD FAMILY
ding: dings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I hear the ding on the camera and run to it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Other casinos are adding skill-based games to electronic slot machines — shooting, puzzles, less slot machine ding ding ding and more Angry Birds-style competition.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
I listened to dings and chimes, which seemed to correspond to various orders being placed and filled, and the lilting sounds of a flute.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: v. 鸣（钟）; 连响; 执拗地讲; 反复地说给人家听
n. 钟声
时态：dinged, dinging, dings
分布：钟声(45%)，打(25%)，叮当作响(18%)，叮当声(12%)
→拟声词。
n. 钟声
 - ring, bell

Word: crazed
Front: crazed
[kreɪzd] (13259/19569 -1)
Back: adj. 疯狂的; 有裂纹的
分布：疯狂的(85%)，表面有裂纹的(5%)，表示“对…狂热的”(5%)，动词craze的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
adjective
■behaving in a wild or strange way, especially because of strong emotions or extreme pain （尤指因情感强烈或极度痛苦而）狂野的，疯狂的，狂热的
• a crazed expression 狂野的表情
• He became crazed with anger/jealousy/pain. 他愤怒／嫉妒／痛苦得发疯。
• The horses bolted, crazed with fear. 马受了惊，狂奔起来。
adj. 疯狂的；癫狂的
 - possessed, mad, insane

Word: cowardly
Front: cowardly
['kaʊədlɪ] (15436/18925)
Vocabulary: cowardly
(once / 790 pages)
adj
Someone who is acting cowardly is showing no courage. A politician who is afraid to tell the truth about his shadowy past can be described as cowardly.
Use the adjective cowardly to talk about a person whose knees knock together with fear, especially when he or she is afraid of doing the right thing. A famous example of a cowardly character is the Cowardly Lion from "The Wizard of Oz," who pretended to be ferocious but was actually lacking bravery.
WORD FAMILY
cowardly: cowardliness+/ coward: cowardly, cowards/ cower: coward, cowered, cowering, cowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The French foreign minister, Jean-Marc Ayrault, called the attack “cowardly and heinous” and said that three French nationals were among the injured.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The real disappointment is the lack of any sympathy for my fellow Turkish citizens who continue to be victims of cowardly acts by terrorists.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Rep. Don Young called the decision “a cowardly move by a lame-duck president.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 怯懦的; 胆小的; 懦弱的
adv. 怯懦地; 胆怯地
分布：懦弱的(54%)，胆小的(32%)，卑怯的(5%)，懦弱地(3%)，胆小地(3%)，卑怯地(3%)
ADJ-GRADED
胆小的;懦弱的
If you describe someone as cowardly, you disapprove of them because they are easily frightened and avoid doing dangerous and difficult things.
例：I was too cowardly to complain.我太胆小，不敢抱怨。
例：...a cowardly act of violence.懦弱的暴力行为
adj. 怯懦的，懦弱的；胆小的
 - faint-hearted, unmanly
adv. 胆怯地
 - cravenly, pusillanimously

Word: dirk
Front: dirk
[dɜ:k] (-/25206)
Vocabulary: dirk
(once / 2231 pages)
n
A dirk is a knife that was traditionally carried by Scottish Highland soldiers. A dirk is known as a thrusting or stabbing dagger.
Though it's not common to hear the word dirk these days, the weapon was frequently carried by naval officers during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. As recently as World War Two, members of the Japanese navy used dirks in hand-to-hand combat. The word is associated with Scotland, although its precise origin is a little murky — it was originally spelled dork or durk, possibly from the Dutch dolk by way of the German dolch, or "dagger."
WORD FAMILY
dirk: dirks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s not just about being altruistic, this is about our own economic livelihood,” said school spokesman Dirk Moore.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
It said Dirks would support the new leadership during the first three months of 2017.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
Showing a tangible benefit seemed to conflict with the Supreme Court’s decision in 1983 in Dirks v.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 短剑，匕首
分布：匕首(38%)，短剑(33%)，用短剑刺(29%)
→词源不详。可能来自人名Dirk.
US [dɝ:k] noun countable
■a type of dagger (= small pointed knife) used as a weapon in Scotland in the past （古时苏格兰人作为武器使用的）短刀，匕首
n. 短剑，匕首
 - knife, cris

Word: deface
Front: deface
[dɪˈfeɪs] (托宝 23301/19314)
Vocabulary: deface
(once / 2999 pages)
v
If you deface something, you've blemished or disfigured it in some way. For example, graffiti can deface a statue.
The de- in deface should be a clue that this is a negative word, but the face part could be confusing. This word uses face in a different way than usual — as if everything had a face. Think about regular faces for a minute — and how weird and silly someone would look with mustard all over their face. Not a great look, right? That's why we use deface when a building, a painting, a window, or anything that has been ruined in a similar way. Throwing a cup of coffee on a valuable painting ruins the face of the painting — so we say it's been defaced.
WORD FAMILY
deface: defaced, defacement, defaces, defacing+/defacement: defacements/ face: biface, deface, faced, faceless, faces, facial, facing, reface/faced: facedest, facedly/faceless: facelessly/ facial: bifacial, facially, facials/facing: facings/reface: refaced, refacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glendale police are investigating a possible hate crime in Montrose after a family said its home was defaced with a swastika last Friday morning.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
In addition to the books defaced in Evanston, the American Library Association highlighted these cases from last month:
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Banks were defaced and police cars were firebombed.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 损伤外观，丑化，使失面子
时态：defaced, defacing, defaces
分布：污损(60%)，损坏外观(20%)，涂掉(20%)
→de-, 向下，抹去。face, 脸。即把脸面抹掉，损伤外观。
毁坏;诽谤(de弄坏+face→把脸面弄坏→毁坏)[fac,fic=face,表示"脸,面"]
【记】de不好的动作，face脸－把脸弄坏－使变丑
verb transitive
■to damage and spoil the appearance of something by writing or drawing on it 损坏…的外观；涂污
• He was fined for defacing library books. 他因在从图书馆借来的书上乱写乱画而被罚款。
vt. 损伤外观，丑化
 - to smear

Word: diffusion
Front: diffusion
[dɪ'fju:ʒn] (托 11051/12694)
Vocabulary: diffusion
(once / 2817 pages)
n
Diffusion is the act of dispersing something, spreading it out from a central point. When an idea catches on, that's a type of diffusion.
When you spray air freshener and the scent spreads from a tight space to fill a larger one, that's diffusion. In science, diffusion is a physical process of atoms or molecules moving apart within a gas or liquid. You can also use diffusion to describe the spreading of information. Ever notice how a trendy word or band will suddenly be everywhere, even though nobody heard of it last week? That's diffusion. This word means something similar to dispersal and dissemination.
WORD FAMILY
diffusion: diffusions+/ diffuse: diffused, diffusely, diffuseness, diffuser, diffuses, diffusing, diffusion, diffusive, diffusor/diffused: diffusedly/diffuser: diffusers/diffusive: diffusively/diffusor: diffusors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Additives that would change wine viscosity without changing the taste might be used. These results pave the way towards fine tuning of champagne aroma diffusion.”
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Costa has spent years learning to coax such stories out of tiny volcanic crystals with a technique he helped develop, known as diffusion chronometry.
Science Magazine(Nov 17, 2016)
The diffusion of Muruganantham’s innovation across parts of India and elsewhere has earned him global attention as an agent of social change.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 扩散; <物，化>扩散; 传播; <人>（文化等的）传流
分布：扩散(93%)，传播(6%)，散布(1%)
普及;弥漫(diffuse+ion)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
V-ERG
(使）（知识、消息等)传播；（使）散布；（使）普及
If something such as knowledge or information is diffused, or if it diffuses somewhere, it is made known over a wide area or to a lot of people.
例：Over time, the technology is diffused and adopted by other countries.久而久之，这项技术传播到了其他国家并得到利用。
例：...an attempt to diffuse new ideas...传播新思想的尝试
VERB
宣泄，舒缓(尤指不良情绪)
To diffuse a feeling, especially an undesirable one, means to cause it to weaken and lose its power to affect people.
例：The arrival of letters from the Pope did nothing to diffuse the tension.教皇的来信并没有缓解紧张的气氛。
VERB
使(光)漫射;使发散
If something diffuses light, it causes the light to spread weakly in different directions.
例：Diffusing a light also reduces its power...使灯光漫射也会降低其强度。
例：The sun slid behind trees, its last light diffused by wintry branches.太阳躲到了树后，余晖透过冬日的树枝洒落下来。
V-ERG
（使）扩散;（使）弥漫;（使）渗透
To diffuse or be diffused through something means to move and spread through it.
例：It allows nicotine to diffuse slowly and steadily into the bloodstream...它能使尼古丁平稳缓慢地渗透到血液里。
例：It created a glowing centre of warmth that quickly diffused through my limbs...它形成了一个温暖的热源，热量迅速扩散至我的四肢。
ADJ-GRADED
散布的;分散的;弥漫的
Something that is diffuse is not directed towards one place or concentrated in one place but spread out over a large area.
例：...a diffuse community...分散的社群
例：A cold, diffuse light filtered in through the skylight.一道冰冷的光线透过天窗漫射进来。
ADJ-GRADED
含糊不清的;难以理解的
If you describe something as diffuse, you mean that it is vague and difficult to understand or explain.
例：His writing is so diffuse and obscure that it is difficult to make out what it is he is trying to say.他的文章含混晦涩，让人看后不知所云。
n. [电子] [物] 扩散，传播； [光] 漫射
 - circulation, propagation, proliferation, spread

Word: dundee

Word: equalise

Word: doings
Front: doings
['du:ɪŋz] (19249/-)
Back: n. 行为，举动; 所需的东西
分布：行为(64%)，所做之事(18%)，举动(12%)，名词doing的复数形式.(6%)
N-PLURAL
(一段时期内的)活动
Someone's doings are their activities at a particular time.
例：The film chronicles the everyday doings of a group of London schoolchildren.电影记载了一群伦敦小学生的日常活动。
n. 举动，行为；所做之事（doing的复数）
 - behaviors, deeds

Word: disinterested
Front: disinterested
[dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd] (托宝 15175/14234)
Vocabulary: disinterested
(once / 1012 pages)
adj
If you can't decide whether to purchase the shirt with orange polka dots or the purple paisley-patterned one, you might seek input from a disinterested, or unbiased, party (who will probably tell you not to buy either one).
Depending on whom you ask, disinterested is either one of the most commonly misused words in the English language, or a perfect example of usage experts and English teachers being way too uptight. While everyone agrees that disinterested can mean “unbiased,” the debate rages on as to whether it can also mean “uninterested” or “indifferent.” Sticklers are vehemently opposed to this secondary meaning. (Of course, you’ll also find the disinterested — or uninterested? — folks who couldn’t care less.)
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
disinterested / uninterested
If you're disinterested, you're unbiased; you're out of the loop. But if you're uninterested, you don't give a hoot; you're bored. These two words have been duking it out, but the battle may be over for uninterested. Heavyweight disinterested has featherweight uninterested on the ropes.
If you want a disinterested, or unbiased opinion, don't ask your ex-boyfriend if you can ask his brother out. He will not be disinterested. Disinterested means impartial, having no bias or profit from something:
There is no convincing evidence for this convoluted advice, disinterested researchers say. (New York Times)
Disinterested service is a virtue ordinary human intelligence cannot grasp. (F.E. Mills)
Uninterested means neutral or indifferent, having no interest in something. Once your former sweetheart has a new girlfriend, he might be bored, or uninterested, enough for you to ask him about his cute brother. Here are some uninterested examples:
The coach had put some thoughts on paper and gave his friend the name of a possible publisher who turned out to be uninterested. (New York Times)
"He was dedicated to the automobile," Mr. Joyce said, and uninterested in mass transit. (New York Times)
If your ex is disinterested enough to give you his brother's number, he's over you and unbiased. If the cute brother is uninterested and doesn't call you back, then he's just not into you. But know this: disinterested appears almost twice as often as uninterested, and a quick scan shows that disinterested is frequently used to mean uninterested.Uninterested is down and will soon be counted out. Just like that date.
WORD FAMILY
disinterested: disinterestedly, disinterestedness+/disinterest: disinterests/ interest: disinterest, interested, interesting, interests, self-interest/ interested: disinterested, interestedly, interestedness, uninterested / interesting: interestingest, interestingly, interestingness, uninteresting/ uninterested: uninterestedly/uninteresting: uninterestingly, uninterestingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But electors appear disinterested in abandoning Trump in a state where he got 58 percent of the vote in November.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Baylor: The Bears were playing their second game in as many days and seemed disinterested early against the overmatched Golden Eagles.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
In Federalist No. 68, Hamilton wrote that discernment also depends on the electors being disinterested and insulated from political pressure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 公正的; 无私的; 不感兴趣的; 不关心的
v. 使不再有利害关系; 使无兴趣(disinterest的过去分词)
分布：公正的(40%)，不感兴趣的(24%)，公平的(20%)，动词disinterest的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)，无私欲的(8%)
【区】uninterested（adj 不感兴趣的）
【反】prejudiced（adj 有偏见的）；factional（adj 派系的）；iniquity（n 不公正）－disinterestedness（n 无偏见）
adjective
■having no personal involvement or receiving no personal advantage, and therefore free to act fairly 客观的；公正的；无私的
• a disinterested observer/judgment 公正的观察员／判断
• a piece of disinterested advice 一条客观的建议
adj. 无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的
 - judicial, distant, just, selfless

Word: forehead
Front: forehead
[ˈfɔ:hed] (高研四六 3788/4632 -2)
Vocabulary: forehead
(once / 179 pages)
n
Your forehead is the top part of your face, just below your hairline and above your eyebrows. If you have long bangs, they cover up most of your forehead.
You can also call your forehead your "brow." It's important for communication, since the forehead helps people express basic emotions — muscles in your forehead control the movement of your eyebrows, which help you express concern and anger, among other feelings. Forehead has the Old English roots fore, "the front part," and heafod, "top of the body," or "head."
WORD FAMILY
forehead: foreheads+/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/ heading: headings, subheading/headship: headships/ heady: headier, headiest, headily/ overhead: overheads/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Ms. Brooks, he created a small crown on her forehead in a nod to royalty, and the idea of beauty and knowing one’s worth.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
At 61, Fisher is short and wiry, with thinning gray hair swept back over a high and gently tanned forehead.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
But after long, silent minutes, I opened my eyes and pressed my forehead against the window louvers to look outside.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 额; 前部
分布：前额(96%)，前部(4%)
n.前额;(任何事物的)前部The bead is put on the forehead of the dead shepherd ahead of the herd.珠子被戴在牧群前面的死牧羊人的前额上.
US ['fɑ:.rɪd] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the flat part of the face, above the eyes and below the hair 前额，额头
• She's got a high forehead. 她额头很高。
n. [解剖] 额，前额
 - quantum, frons

Word: garish
Front: garish
[ˈgeərɪʃ] (宝 17017/18795 -1)
Vocabulary: garish
(once / 5198 pages)
adj
Use the adjective garish to describe something that is overly vivid, bright, showy, and in bad taste — like the DJ's garish outfit that is a flashback to the disco era.
Garish comes to English from the Old Norse word gaurr, meaning "rough fellow." It is often used to describe colors, clothing, decorations, and other things that can be elegant and tasteful. Because the word connotes bad taste, however, it is rarely used in a complimentary way. If you say to your friend, "I like your garish hair and makeup," she is not likely to take it well, unless, of course, you are going to a 70s flashback party.
WORD FAMILY
garish: garishly, garishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Russia, gift-giving, holiday trees and garish ornaments are all associated with New Year's Eve rather than Christmas.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Not a bad trade for a few lousy midweek games between teams you don’t want to see wearing garish color rush uniforms.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
With Castro came bright political murals instead of the garish advertisements for condensed milk and casinos.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 炫耀的，过于艳丽的; 响亮的，浮华的; 刺眼的; 令人眩晕的
分布：炫耀的(33%)，俗气的(27%)，过分装饰的(22%)，耀眼的(18%)
→词源不详。可能同garnish, 装饰。
US ['ger.ɪʃ] disapproving
adjective
■unpleasantly bright 过分鲜艳的；花哨的；炫目的
• a pair of garish Bermuda shorts 一条俗艳的百慕达短裤
adj. 炫耀的；过分装饰的；过分鲜艳的
 - ambitious, gewgawish

Word: ganges
Front: ganges
[ˈɡændʒi:z] (-/27013)
Back: n. 恒河（在印度北境）

Word: futility
Front: futility
[fju:'tɪlətɪ] (研宝 13526/15118)
Vocabulary: futility
(once / 2191 pages)
n
When you can’t see the point in even trying, that’s the feeling of futility, the sense that no matter how much you work at it, nothing good will happen, so you might as well give up.
What’s the point? That’s the question asked by anyone who senses the futility of something. The futility of war makes soldiers put down their weapons, and your father’s strict rules makes any protest an act of futility. The root word is the Latin futilis, which literally means “leaky.” Imagine pouring lemonade into a cup that has no bottom. No matter how long you pour, you’ll never get a sip because of that leaky cup. Ah, the futility!
WORD FAMILY
futility: futilities+/ futile: futilely, futility
USAGE EXAMPLES
And we see only futility and cruelty in the countless lives shortened by disease or disaster, or afflicted by poverty or conflict.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
As an adolescent she saw the futility of that, after her religion deepened and she donned the Islamic headscarf.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
But the futility of the image is part of its power.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 无益; 无效; 无益的事; 无效果的行动
分布：无用(55%)，无益(28%)，无价值(17%)
【记】futile[SAT]（adj 琐细无用的）fut流，ile易…的－易流出去的－无用的fu负，tility能力－具有负债的能力－无用，无益
【参】refute（vt 驳倒；反驳）
【反】efficacious（adj 有效的；灵验的）－futile；effectiveness（n 效力）
N-UNCOUNT
无益;无用;徒劳;白费
Futility is a total lack of purpose or usefulness.
例：...the injustice and futility of terrorism.恐怖主义的非正义性和枉费心机
n. 无用；徒劳；无价值
 - uselessness, without avail

Word: foretaste
Front: foretaste
[ˈfɔ:teɪst] (31189/20088)
Back: n. 预示; 先试; 试吃
vt. 先试; 快乐地期待; 预尝
分布：预示(44%)，先尝(20%)，预尝(16%)，先试(12%)，试吃(8%)
US ['fɔ:r-] noun only singular
■something that gives you an idea of what something else is like by allowing you to experience a small example of it before it happens 预先的体验；预示；征象
• a foretaste of spring 春天的气息
• The recent factory closures and job losses are just a foretaste of the recession that is to come. 最近的工厂倒闭和失业只是即将到来的经济衰退的预示。
n. 先试；预示；先尝；试吃
 - prefiguration, portent

Word: freighter
Front: freighter
[ˈfreɪtə(r)] (托 14604/20848 -1)
Back: n. 货船; 租船人，装货人，货主，承运人
分布：货船(92%)，运输工具(8%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a large ship or aircraft for carrying goods （大型）货船，货轮；运输机
n. [水运] [船] 货船；承运人
 - cargo ship, cargo boat

Word: gravitas
Front: gravitas
[ˈgrævɪtɑ:s] None
Vocabulary: gravitas
(once / 30700 pages)
n
Gravitas is seriousness and dignity. It's hard to take someone seriously who's wearing full clown makeup, no matter how much gravitas they speak with.
Gravitas is a Latin word that means "weight or heaviness." It came to mean a figurative weight after gravity acquired a primarily scientific meaning. A biography of Abraham Lincoln will inevitably be full of gravitas, and places like libraries, museums, and university buildings seem to have gravitas, or dignity, while grocery stores and gyms usually do not.
WORD FAMILY
gravitas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet Fisher owned the occasion, marrying her characteristic winning honesty and beautifully blunt wit with the gravitas of lived-in wisdom.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But they lack the gravitas of the earlier letters, and the wit fizzles.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“For the next four years, this woman with lots of gravitas was leaping across the stage like a ninety-pound Caucasian girl.”
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. <拉>庄严的举止，庄严
分布：庄严(73%)，庄严的举止(27%)
['græv.ɪ.tæs] formal
noun uncountable
■seriousness and importance of manner, causing feelings of respect and trust in others 庄严（的举止）；庄重
• He's an effective enough politician but somehow he lacks the statesmanlike gravitas of a world leader. 他是一位极具影响力的政坛风云人物，但却让人觉得他缺乏世界领导人应有的庄严风度。
n. （拉）庄严；庄重；庄严的举止
 - grandeur, solemnity

Word: hartlepool

Word: impound
Front: impound
[ɪmˈpaʊnd] (23444/24594 -1)
Vocabulary: impound
(once / 11634 pages)
v
To impound something is to legally take it away from its owner. The police might impound your car if you were parked in front of a fire hydrant.
Sometimes a city will impound a driver's car after they've accumulated many unpaid parking tickets. Another reason to impound someone's vehicle is because they haven't been making their loan payments — in a case like this, the bank that holds the loan might impound the car. A second meaning of impound is to shut an animal inside an enclosure or pound.
WORD FAMILY
impound: impounded, impounding, impoundment, impounds+/impounding: impoundings/impoundment: impoundments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say an employee at Baltimore City’s Impound Lot discovered an unidentified man’s body Tuesday morning inside the 2001 Chevy Astro van.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The Vintage Air Rally planes crossed "illegally" into Ethiopian from Sudan, officials say, and are currently impounded at an airport in Gambela.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
With the shooter’s gun impounded as evidence, local gun shop owner Mark Williams says he reached out to offer the man a replacement firearm.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 将…关起来; 扣押，监禁; 搁置，保留; 蓄水
时态：impounded, impounding, impounds
分布：扣押(50%)，没收(30%)，蓄水(15%)，关在栏中(5%)
→im-,进入，使，pound,兽栏。即关在栏子里面，引申词义扣押。
把…围住;扣押(im进+pound→放进去→围住)[pon,pound=put,表示"放置"]
verb transitive
■If the police or someone in authority impounds something that belongs to you, they take it away because you have broken the law （警方或掌权者）扣押，没收
• The police impounded cars and other personal property belonging to the drug dealers. 警方没收了毒贩的汽车及其他个人财物。
• The vehicle was impounded by customs. 车辆被海关扣押了。
vt. 没收；拘留；将…关在圈中
 - hold, sequestrate

Word: hern

Word: jurassic

Word: interlude
Front: interlude
[ˈɪntəlu:d] (托宝 16345/14191 -1)
Vocabulary: interlude
(once / 2742 pages)
nv
An interlude is a brief period of time that comes in the middle of something. You might enjoy a relaxing lemonade interlude in the middle of a tough day at your road-paving job.
Any block of time that comes as a break or a respite from an activity can be called an interlude, so you could talk about a quiet interlude after a noisy birthday party, or an interlude of peace after years of war. Interlude is often used to describe the pauses between acts of a play or during an intermission. In fact, the original meaning came from the Latin interludium, which means "between a play".
WORD FAMILY
interlude: interluded, interludes, interluding
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deutscher participated in the performance, playing musical interludes on the piano and at one point accompanying Cinderella on the violin.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Without the time for such an interlude, this being Manhattan, we bravely tucked into the next course.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
She brings interludes back to the album format - something absent for a while - to tell stories that push you to think.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 插曲; 穿插; 幕间节目; [乐]间奏
分布：插曲(86%)，中间(6%)，介在中间的事件(4%)，中间时间(4%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-lud,玩弄，玩奏，词源同ludic,allude.引申词义间歇，幕间休息。
(活动间的)休息(inter+lude玩→在中间玩→活动间休息)[inter-表示"在…之间,相互"]
(剧间)休息(inter在...中间+lude→在中间玩→中间休息)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】inter（在中间），lude（玩耍）－在玩闹之间－休息
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a short period when a situation or activity is different from what comes before and after it 插曲，间歇
• Except for a brief Christian interlude at the beginning of the 11th century, Istanbul has been a Muslim city for almost 1300 years. 除了在11世纪初受基督教短暂控制外，伊斯坦堡作为一座伊斯兰教城市已经存在了将近1300年。
• The musical interludes don't really fit in with the rest of the play. 穿插的音乐片段与这部剧的其他部分并不协调。
n. 插曲；穿插；幕间节目； [数] 插算
 - incident, episode
vt. 使中断
 - disrupt
vi. 插入
 - build in, plug in

Word: kneel
Front: kneel
[ni:l] (研四六 4938/5449 -1)
Vocabulary: kneel
(once / 193 pages)
vn
When you kneel, you rest your bent knees on the ground. People kneel to pray, to work in the garden, and to do yoga.
Kids often kneel on the living room rug to play, and adults kneel to tie a child's shoelaces, to vacuum under the sofa, to play with a puppy, to exercise, and for many other reasons. A great thing about the word kneel is that its meaning is easy to see — the word knee is obvious when you look at it. The Old English root word, cnēowlian, simply means kneel, and it comes from cnēow, or "knee."
WORD FAMILY
kneel: kneeled, kneeler, kneeling, kneels, knelt+/kneeler: kneelers/kneeling: kneelings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sergeant put on latex gloves, knelt and asked his name.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He kneeled on it, hands on his thighs, looking around.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Mr. Mattaliano knelt at the gravestone and sprinkled the small bag of Irish soil in front of it.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 跪，下跪
时态：knelt, kneeling, kneels
分布：跪(100%)
→来自古英语cneowlian,下跪，跪下，来自knee,膝，-le,工具格后缀。
v.跪,下跪The feeble man feels an ache on his heels and knees when he kneels on the steel steering wheel.当虚弱男子跪在钢舵轮上时他的脚跟和双膝感到疼痛.
[ni:l] (knelt or kneeled, knelt or kneeled)
verb intransitive ADVANCED
■to go down into, or stay in, a position where one or both knees are on the ground 跪（下）
• She knelt (down) beside the child. 她在孩子身旁跪下。
• He knelt in front of the altar and prayed. 他跪在圣坛前祈祷。
vi. 跪下，跪
 - drop to one's knees, go down on one's knees

Word: lackey
Front: lackey
[ˈlæki] (托宝 24957/32837)
Vocabulary: lackey
(once / 2780 pages)
n
A lackey is someone who works for someone else and tries to get ahead by kissing up to his superiors. For example, a lackey might carry his employer's luggage or even serve him cappuccino for his coffee break.
A lackey can also be a servant who wears a uniform, like a butler, doorman, or valet. Only the richest, grandest, snobbiest families employ lackeys these days. Another name for a lackey is a manservant, who works in a private home serving the needs of his employer — like a maid, but male. From this earliest meaning came the sense of lackey as a "toady" or "sycophant," someone who fawns and flatters in order to get what they want. The word stems from the Middle French laquais, "foot soldier" or "servant."
WORD FAMILY
lackey: lackeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
From Walter Cronkite, who bemoaned not being able to “shape the news” later in life, to President Obama’s lackey Ben Rhodes.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Lackey became the rare rookie to start and win a World Series Game 7, helping the Anaheim Angels beat the Giants in 2002.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Lackey, Bremen, Georgia, was the president of the Communications Workers of America.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 听差; 男仆（通常穿制服）; 卑躬屈膝的人; 被待为奴仆的人
分布：走狗(23%)，侍从(20%)，马屁精(17%)，仆人(10%)，奉承(10%)，侍候(10%)，服侍(10%)
→词源不详。可能来自lick,舔，引申词义拍马屁的人，仆人，听差。
['læk.i] disapproving
noun countable
■a servant or someone who behaves like one by obeying someone else's orders or by doing all their unpleasant work for them 听差；顺从的奴仆，唯命是从者
• He treats us all like his lackeys. 他把我们当作可任由他差遣的跟班。
n. 男仆；侍从；马屁精
 - footman, manservant
vt. 侍候，服侍；奉承
 - wait upon, wait on

Word: maelstrom
Front: maelstrom
[ˈmeɪlstrɒm] (宝 19331/20136)
Vocabulary: maelstrom
(once / 7567 pages)
n
A maelstrom is a powerful whirlpool. A luckless ship might go down in one, conflicting ocean currents might cause one. You hear it more often metaphorically, to describe disasters where many competing forces are at play.
When an economy or a government fails, the situation is often described as a maelstrom. Following some precipitous event, all the forces at play––banks, governments, consumers––are trying as hard as they can to protect themselves. This creates a maelstrom — a perfect storm, so to speak — that drags any potential for rescue down with it. Maelstrom comes from an obsolete Dutch phrase meaning "whirling stream."
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
"Maelstrom" Writ Large on Park Avenue Through July
Anyone traveling New York City's Park Avenue this spring will have the chance to contemplate the meaning of the word maelstrom, thanks to a sculpture by artist Alice Aycock currently being installed on the avenue's median.
Alice Aycock's "Maelstrom." Credit Richard Perry/The New York Times
Described by the The New York Times as "a spiky assemblage of aluminum ribbons that stretches for some 70 feet," "Maelstrom" is part of "Park Avenue Paper Chase," Aycock's installation of large-scale works in white bands of aluminum or fiberglass, inspired (again, according to the Times) "variously by tornadoes, dance movements and drapery folds."
"The notion is that there is this big wind that moves up and down the avenue, and that it makes the forms or blows the forms and leaves it in its wake," said Ms. Aycock.
So what kind of a windy form is a maelstrom? Let's take a closer look.
A maelstrom is the kind of "whirlpool" in which sailors and ships famously disappear. Over time, its meaning has stretched to include non-acquatic, but similarly dire, confused, or not-looking-good-for-our-hero situations, such that maelstrom can now describe a sinking economy, a devolving dinner party, or a classroom gone feral under the guidance of a substitute teacher.
This enhanced meaning is perfectly embodied in Aycock's confused, swirling form. What better way to both understand and remember what maelstrom means than giving it a long, hard look?
Aycock's show is presented by the Sculpture Committee of the Fund for Park Avenue and New York’s Department of Parks and Recreation and will be on display through July 20 of this year.
WORD FAMILY
maelstrom: maelstroms
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a danger that, in the maelstrom of day-to-day policy delivery, scientific input will be reduced to a mere technical instrument.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Many of the postings appear to be lifted from other conspiracy websites, repackaged and launched back into the social-media maelstrom.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police major responded, and walked directly into a maelstrom.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 大漩涡; 大旋涡
分布：大漩涡(72%)，大动乱(28%)
→来自荷兰语Maelstrom,像磨坊一样的水流，漩涡，来自maalen,磨，词源同mill,stroom,水流，词源同stream.原指挪威西部海域传说中的大漩涡，后引申词义混乱。
【记】mael使旋转，strom＝stream河流：使河流旋转－大漩涡
US [-strəm] noun
SITUATION 情况
countable usually singular
■a situation in which there is great confusion, violence and destruction 大动乱；骚乱；极度混乱
• The country is gradually being sucked into the maelstrom of civil war. 国家逐渐陷入内战的大动乱之中。
UK ['meɪl.strɒm] US [-strəm] noun
WATER 水
countable
■an area of water which moves with a very strong circular movement and sucks in anything that goes past 大漩涡

Word: linchpin
Front: linchpin
[ˈlɪntʃpɪn] (20044/33519)
Vocabulary: linchpin
(once / 26034 pages)
n
Literally, a linchpin is the pin that goes through the axle of a wheel to keep it in place, but linchpin can be used to mean an important part of anything, the thing that holds it all together.
The linchpin is something that supports and holds another thing together. It’s the most important part of anything — eating well is the linchpin to staying healthy. A basketball team's most valuable player is the linchpin. The most crucial part of a plan is the linchpin. If something or someone is indispensable, she’s the linchpin. Take away the linchpin and everything falls apart.
WORD FAMILY
linchpin: linchpins
USAGE EXAMPLES
Washington looked to Tehran as the linchpin for its strategy to secure the oil-rich Persian Gulf and thwart Soviet ambitions in the Middle East.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
With the linchpin character of Brunnhilde, we’re on somewhat shakier ground.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Yet she’s also the park’s—and the show’s—linchpin figure.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 关键
分布：关键(81%)，制轮楔(14%)，轮辖(5%)
→linch,车轴，pin,插销。引申词义中枢，关键。
(also lynchpin) ['lɪntʃ.pɪn] noun
the linchpin of
■the most important member of a group or part of a system, that holds together the other members or parts or makes it possible for them to operate as intended 核心，中枢，关键（人物或部分）
• Woodford is the linchpin of the British athletics team. 伍德福德是英国田径队中的核心人物。
n. 关键（等于lynchpin）；制轮楔；轮辖
 - key, crux

Word: lefty
Front: lefty
['leftɪ] (14835/34626)
Back: n. 左撇子，左翼分子
分布：左撇子(84%)，左手的(11%)，左翼份子(5%)
→原指左撇子，后用于指左翼分子。
N-COUNT
左派分子
If you refer to someone as a lefty, you mean that they have socialist beliefs.
例：...a large group of students and trendy lefties.一大群学生和赶时髦的左派分子
N-COUNT
左撇子；（尤指）惯用左手的运动员
A lefty is someone, especially a sports player, who is left-handed.
例：The fact that Goran is a lefty just makes his serve that little bit better.戈兰是个左撇子，他的发球由此质量要更高一些。
n. 左撇子；左翼分子
 - southpaw

Word: locus
Front: locus
[ˈləʊkəs] (宝 9490/10723)
Vocabulary: locus
(once / 7091 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The center or source of something is known as the locus. A shopping mall is usually a locus for teenagers.
In addition to being a hub or hotspot, locus has specific meanings when used in math or science. In math, a locus is when a set of points all meet at a designated location: a circle is the locus of points equal in length from one given point. In genetics, the locus is the location of a certain gene on a chromosome. A locus is where things are happening. Washington, DC is the locus for politics in the U.S.
WORD FAMILY
locus: loci
USAGE EXAMPLES
About 70% of the genetic loci that contribute to IBD susceptibility are thought to be shared with other complex diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Then there is Trump Tower, the current locus of power for the incoming administration.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
“Putin is the locus of power and the agent of continuity or change. Every problem, large or small, has to come to Putin’s attention.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 所在地，场所; 核心; 色点; 圆图
分布：所在地(53%)，场所(47%)
→来自拉丁语locus,地方，位置，来自stel,站立，放置，词源同stand,stall,install.引申词义所在地，场所，中心。拼写比较ring,来自sker,围，转。
US ['loʊ.kəs] (plural loci) formal
noun countable
■the place where something happens or the central area of interest in something being discussed 发生地；关注的焦点；讨论的中心
• The locus of decision-making is sometimes far from the government's offices. 决策的地点有时根本就不在政府的办公室。
n. [数] 轨迹；地点，所在地
 - location, site, spot, seat, where

Word: luce
Front: luce
[lju:s] (-/9401)
Back: n. 白斑狗鱼（一种成鱼）
分布：一种成鱼(100%)

Word: misfit
Front: misfit
[ˈmɪsfɪt] (18307/21378 -1)
Vocabulary: misfit
(once / 7685 pages)
n
A person who just can't seem to fit in, no matter how hard they try, is called a misfit. If all of your friends are great dancers, but you are awkward and uncoordinated with no sense of rhythm, you might feel like a misfit.
Often, people who are misfits as kids eventually find other misfits to be friends with: suddenly, because they've found a group that accepts them and makes them feel comfortable; they're not misfits anymore. In the early nineteenth century, the word misfit meant "a garment that fits badly," but by the end of the 1800s it had come to primarily mean "outcast" or "oddball." The fit in both cases is wrong, thus the prefix mis-, or "wrong."
WORD FAMILY
misfit: misfits, misfitted, misfitting+/ fit: fitful, fitly, fitness, fits, fitted, fitter, fittest, fitting, misfit, refit, unfit / fitful: fitfully, fitfulness/ fitness: fitnesses/fitter: fitters/fitting: fittingly, fittingness, fittings, ill-fitting /refit: refits, refitted, refitting/ unfit: unfitly, unfitness, unfits, unfitted, unfitting/unfitness: unfitnesses/unfitting: unfittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of his friends there were idealistic, progressive — ideological misfits in Reagan’s America.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Cohn's struggle with dyslexia was featured in Malcolm Gladwell's "David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Five kids, all misfits in their own way, stumble on a secret.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: v. 对…不适合; 不适用于
n. 不容易适应环境的人; 不适合
分布：不适合(80%)，不能适应社会或工作环境的人(20%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，fit,合适的，匹配的。
noun countable
■someone who is not suited to a situation or who is not accepted by other people because their behaviour is strange or unusual 不适应环境的人；不为别人接受的人
• I didn't really know anyone at the party, so I felt a bit of a misfit. 聚会上我谁都不认识，所以觉得有点不适应。
• I was a bit of a social misfit at college because I didn't like going out in the evenings. 大学时我是个有些不合群的人，因为我不喜欢晚上外出参加社交活动。
n. 不适合；不适应环境的人
 - inconformity, inappropriateness

Word: masterly
Front: masterly
[ˈmɑ:stəli] (27520/19660)
Back: adj. 熟练的，技艺高超的
分布：巧妙的(37%)，熟练地(25%)，熟练的(21%)，巧妙地(17%)
→来自master,大师。引申词义精湛的。
US ['mæs.tɚ-] adjective
■done extremely well 巧妙的；技艺高超的
• She gave a masterly performance as Kate in 'The Taming of the Shrew'. 她在《驯悍记》中惟妙惟肖地饰演了凯特这个角色。
adj. 巧妙的，精巧的；名人的
 - happy, finished, smart
adv. 巧妙地，熟练地；名人地
 - skillfully, expertly

Word: moat
Front: moat
[məʊt] (托宝 16816/12272 -1)
Vocabulary: moat
(once / 1660 pages)
n
Not many houses these days have a moat — it's a trench dug outside a castle and is usually full of water. A moat means "Keep out!"
You're most likely to hear about moats if you read a fairy tale or a history of medieval times. This water-filled ditch is one of the lines of defense for a castle. In the old days, it was pretty effective. If you filled the moat with a deadly fish — like a piranha — that was an even better defense. A moat is pretty much the opposite of a welcome mat.
WORD FAMILY
moat: moats
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Big breath, explode, keep it close,” Mr. Moat coached him earlier this month.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Souda camp is minutes from the central square in Chora, the main town, nestled in what used to be part of the castle’s moat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Moats cried when she saw photos of the rubble.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 壕沟，护城河
v. 挖壕围绕
分布：护城河(79%)，壕沟(17%)，将…围以壕沟(4%)
→来自古法语mote,城墙，护堤，来自拉丁语mota,城墙，小山，山上城堡，来自Proto-Germanic*muto,泥土，污泥，来自smut,污泥的，脏的，词源同smut,mud.后词义由城墙过渡到护城河。
【记】mo猫，at在：猫在护城河里玩耍。
US [moʊt] noun countable
■a long wide hole which is dug all the way around a place such as a castle, and usually filled with water, to make it more difficult to attack （城堡等的）护城河，城壕
n. [建] 护城河；壕沟
 - fosse

Word: malt
Front: malt
[mɔ:lt] (16973/10491 -1)
Back: n. 麦芽; 麦芽酒; 啤酒; 麦乳精
vt. 使（谷物）成为麦芽; 制麦芽
adj. 麦芽的; 含麦芽的; 用麦芽作的
时态：malted, malting, malts
分布：麦芽(67%)，啤酒(21%)，麦芽的(5%)，用麦芽作的(2%)，含麦芽的(2%)，用麦芽处理(2%)，作成麦芽(1%)
→来自古英语malt,麦芽，来自meld,溶化的，来自*mel,软的，词源同melt,meld,mallet.
US [mɑ:lt] noun uncountable
■grain, usually barley , that has been left in water until it starts to grow and is then dried. It is used in the making of alcoholic drinks such as beer and whisky （用于酿酒的）麦芽（通常指大麦芽）
n. [食品] 麦芽；麦芽酒
 - ale, yill

Word: oscillation
Front: oscillation
[ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃn] (14373/16243)
Vocabulary: oscillation
(once / 4244 pages)
n
Oscillation is the process of moving back and forth regularly, like the oscillation of a fan that cools off the whole room, or the oscillation of a movie plot that makes you laugh and cry.
Oscillation is from the Latin word oscillare for "to swing," so oscillation is when something is swinging back and forth. Rumor has it if you trace the word back far enough, you get to the word for “a little face” of Bacchus, Greek god of wine, people used to hang up in vineyards to swing in the breeze. When there's oscillation, something is going back and forth, like a hanging sculpture going to and fro in the backyard.
WORD FAMILY
oscillation: oscillations+/ oscillate: oscillated, oscillates, oscillating, oscillation, oscillatory/oscillatory: nonoscillatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
Predation helps to stabilize food chains by buffering oscillations in the availability of carrion, which are linked to climate events and disease epidemics.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Many younger physicists don’t understand that the SNO results and the solution of the solar neutrino problem do not involve neutrino oscillations, he says.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
It’s not hard to induce gamma oscillations naturally: Our neurons achieve such synchrony when we are learning, paying attention or engaging our short-term memory.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 振动; 动摇; 波动; <物>振荡
分布：振动(83%)，振幅(12%)，动摇(2%)，彷徨(2%)，单一的振动循环(1%)
→来自oscillate,摇摆，波动。
VERB
摆动；（大小）来回变化
If an object oscillates, it moves repeatedly from one position to another and back again, or keeps getting bigger and smaller.
例：I checked to see if the needle indicating volume was oscillating.我查看了那根音量指针是否在摆动。
VERB
（水平、价值等）波动，浮动
If the level or value of something oscillates between one amount and another, it keeps going up and down between the two amounts.
例：The share price has oscillated between a five-year high of 157.25p in 1997 and this year's low of 91.5p...股价一直在1997年创下的5年间最高点157.25便士和今年的最低点91.5便士之间浮动。
例：Oil markets oscillated on the day's reports from Geneva.石油市场因当天来自日内瓦的报道出现了起伏。
VERB
（情绪、态度或行为）摇摆
If you oscillate between two moods, attitudes, or types of behaviour, you keep changing from one to the other and back again.
例：The president of the Republic oscillated between a certain audacity and a prudent realism.该共和国总统施政风格时而大胆冒进，时而谨慎务实。
n. [物] 振荡； [力] 振动；摆动
 - vibration, oscillating movement

Word: moneylender
Front: moneylender
[ˈmʌnilendə(r)] (33794/26077)
Back: n. <贬>放债的人
分布：放债者(72%)，放高利贷者(28%)
→比喻用法。
US [-dɚ] noun countable mainly disapproving
■a person or organization whose job is to lend money to people in return for payment 放债者；钱庄
• Families with money problems often fall into the hands of the moneylenders and get further into debt. 面对经济困难的家庭常常受钱庄的摆布，在债务中越陷越深。
n. 放债者
 - Lombard

Word: newsroom
Front: newsroom
[ˈnju:zru:m] (11182/25090 -1)
Vocabulary: newsroom
(once / 3399 pages)
n
A newsroom is the part of a newspaper, radio station, or TV station where news is written, edited, and organized. A newsroom is a pretty exciting place when a big story "breaks."
Any organization where journalists work to produce news has a newsroom — it might be an entire office, or a dedicated area. Long ago, a newsroom would have been full of the sound of typewriters clacking as reporters worked on stories. Today's newsroom is more likely staffed by writers using computers. You could also use this word to talk about the area of a library where you can read newspapers and other periodical, news-related publications.
WORD FAMILY
newsroom: newsrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until, that is, he was recalled to the newsroom to report exhaustive dispatches from his navel.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
I ask Times journalists about a significant newsroom project or changes afoot here, usually without comment.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
What she calls the “Aaron Sorkin method” of ensemble acting, on display in Sorkin’s “The Newsroom” and “The West Wing,” holds particular appeal.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 新闻编辑室; 报刊阅览室
分布：编辑部(80%)，报章杂志阅览室(10%)，报纸贩卖部(10%)
US ['nu:z-] noun countable
■an office at a television or radio station or a newspaper where news is collected and reports are prepared for broadcasting or publishing （电视台、电台或报社的）新闻编辑室
n. 新闻编辑部；报刊阅览室
 - newspaper room

Word: pertain
Front: pertain
[pəˈteɪn] (雅宝 12205/19243 -1)
Vocabulary: pertain
(once / 314 pages)
v
To pertain is to be relevant or somehow associated with something. If you're a lawyer, you try to find evidence that will pertain to the case and eliminate anything that is not connected.
Behind the verb pertain lies the Latin verb pertinēre, which means "to be applicable" or "to hold through." If you think the rules of the road don't pertain to you, try explaining that to the state trooper when you get pulled over. Usage note: The word pertain often takes an s at the end, as in "That pertains to this matter," but loses it with a helper: “That doesn’t pertain to it.”
WORD FAMILY
pertain: pertained, pertaining, pertains, pertinence, pertinency, pertinent +/ impertinence: impertinences/ impertinent: impertinence, impertinently/pertinence: pertinences/ pertinent: impertinent, pertinently
USAGE EXAMPLES
And those meetings were preceded by meetings of specially designated committees designed to analyze policies and proposals pertaining to certain aspects of county government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The case, though, against the men proved to be extremely convoluted as the only law pertaining to piracy in the US was 200 years old.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
She said she was "very surprised indeed but very pleased that the Honour pertains to theatre".
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 关于，有关; 适合; 附属，从属
时态：pertained, pertaining, pertains
分布：适合(46%)，关于(36%)，从属(18%)
→per-,完全的，-tain,抓住，握住，词源同contain,continent.引申词义相关。
从属;相关(per始终+tain→始终拿着→[两者]从属,相关)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】per全部，tain拿住－全部拿住－有关系
【反】be irrelevant 不相关
US [pɝ:-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pertain to sth formal
■to be connected with a particular subject, event or situation 与…有关；涉及
• We are only interested in the parts of the proposals that pertain to local issues. 我们只对议案中涉及当地的部分感兴趣。
vi. 属于；关于；适合
 - gear, serve

Word: outshine
Front: outshine
[ˌaʊtˈʃaɪn] (宝 22869/32912)
Back: vt. 比…更出色，更优异
时态：outshone, outshining, outshines
分布：光亮强过(37%)，优于(27%)，发光(18%)，使相形见拙(18%)
[ˌaʊt'ʃaɪn] (outshone, outshone)
verb transitive
■to be much more skilful and successful than someone 胜过；比…更优异，比…更出色
• Ben Palmer easily outshone his rivals in the 200 metre freestyle. 班‧帕尔默在200米自由泳比赛中轻松战胜对手。
vt. 使相形见绌；胜过；比…更亮
 - overcome, exceed, cap

Word: preamble
Front: preamble
[priˈæmbl] (宝 17581/14190)
Vocabulary: preamble
(once / 2990 pages)
nv
A preamble is a brief introduction to a speech, like the Preamble to the Constitution that starts out "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union...do ordain and establish this Constitution."
Preamble comes from the Latin praeambulus which means "walking before." And that's what a preamble does — it "walks" before a speech, often explaining what's coming. It's like the White Rabbit introducing the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland. Since it goes before a speech, think of it as a pre-ramble. A preamble is usually used for formal documents; you wouldn't include one in a text to your best friend.
WORD FAMILY
preamble: preambled, preambles, preambling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sessions begin with a preamble about the truly huge and amazing things Trump does.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The tree features mirrored ornaments and garland with the preamble to the U.S.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
There was no time to write a preamble for this game because Arsenal v Bournemouth is ongoing.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 序; 绪言; （法令、文件等的）序文; 前言
分布：前言(54%)，序文(26%)，前文(20%)
→pre-,在前，早于，amble,走。引申词义前言。
前言,绪言(pre+amble跑→跑在前面→前言)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
【记】pre前，amble跑－跑在前面的语言－前言
/pri'æm-] noun
countable specialized
■an introduction to a speech or piece of writing 序论；导言；开场白
uncountable
■talk or activity not connected with the most important matter 开场白；（做事的）前奏
n. 序文；电报报头；先兆
 - proem

Word: overland
Front: overland
[ˈəʊvəlænd] (-/21152 -1)
Back: adj. 陆上的; 经由陆路的; 横跨大陆的
adv. 经由陆路
vt. 转地放牧
vi. 由陆路长途跋涉
分布：陆路的(60%)，经由陆路地(40%)
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective adverb
■(of travel) across the land in a vehicle, on foot or on a horse; not by sea or air （旅行）横跨陆地（的）；从陆路（的）
• an overland trip across Australia 横穿澳大利亚的陆路旅行
• We drove overland. 我们开车走陆路。
adj. [交] 陆上的； [公路] 经由陆路的
 - onshore, telluric

Word: reclamation
Front: reclamation
[ˌreklə'meɪʃn] (托 19656/15675)
Vocabulary: reclamation
(once / 6074 pages)
1n 2n
Reclamation is the act of returning something to a former, better state. Land reclamation might involve razing a strip mall and planting crops.
Reclamation is the noun form of the verb to reclaim. Most people involved in reclamation want to reclaim something out of a sense of moral or environmental duty. Since re means again, it makes sense that a reclamation involves restoring something to its former glory, especially something that has gone to the dogs. Anything that's fallen on hard times is a good candidate for reclamation.
WORD FAMILY
reclamation: reclamations+/ claim: claimant, claimed, claiming, claims, counterclaim, reclaim /claimant: claimants/claimed: unclaimed/counterclaim: counterclaimed, counterclaims/irreclaimable: irreclaimably/ reclaim: reclaimable, reclaimed, reclaiming, reclaims, reclamation /reclaimable: irreclaimable
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state filed suit against the rule arguing it’s unconstitutional and infringes on the state’s authority to regulate mining and reclamation.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"Peabody should be required to live up to its mine reclamation responsibilities and assure that it will not saddle taxpayers with these costs," Learner said.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s part of a $90 million abandoned mine lands reclamation pilot program in Kentucky, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 开垦; 开拓; 改造; 废物回收利用
分布：开垦(61%)，再利用(17%)，矫正(12%)，收复(10%)
收复;矫正[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
[ˌrek.lə'meɪ.ʃən] formal
noun uncountable
■the attempt to make land suitable for building or farming （对土地的）开垦，开拓，改造
■the treatment of waste materials to get useful materials from them （对废品的）回收利用
n. 开垦；收回；再利用；矫正
 - withdrawal, rectification

Word: principality
Front: principality
[ˌprɪnsɪˈpæləti] (22600/15592)
Back: n. 公国，侯国
分布：公国(80%)，封邑(15%)，主权(5%)
→来自principal,王公，小国君主，-ity,名词后缀。引申词义王公治理的国家，公国，侯国。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable
■a country ruled by a prince, or from which a prince takes his title 公国；侯国；封邑
• Monaco is a principality. 摩纳哥是一个公国。
n. 公国；侯国；封邑
 - duchy

Word: raspberry
Front: raspberry
[ˈrɑ:zbəri] (8821/12399 -1)
Vocabulary: raspberry
(once / 2333 pages)
1n 2n
A raspberry is a prickly shrub-like plant that grows small, sweet, red fruit also called raspberries.
Look closely at a raspberry and you'll see it's made up of many tiny connected globes. Raspberries are a popular flavor in jam, pie, syrup, and many other delicious products. While they're often red, you can also find black raspberries and even pale, golden-colored raspberries. If someone gives you a raspberry, it doesn't necessarily mean a tiny piece of fruit — they may be making a rude sound in your direction, also known as a raspberry.
WORD FAMILY
raspberry: raspberries
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is also raspberry jam tagged "anabolic" in reference to steroids also banned in sports.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Fruit and vegetable sales were also up, driven by the popularity of avocadoes, blueberries and raspberries.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
The brain is a Raspberry Pi 3 which runs the step sequencer program, written in python.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 悬钩子（树），覆盆子; 木莓（树）; 呸声，嘘声; [色彩] 紫红色
分布：覆盆子(100%)
→缩写自 raspis berry,悬钩子，来自 berry,莓子，浆果，raspis,词源不详，词源可能同 rasp,粗刮， 刮擦，形容该浆果多毛。raspberry 嘘声，嘲笑声
US ['ræz.ber-] noun
FRUIT 水果
countable or uncountable
■a small soft red fruit, or the bush on which it grows 覆盆子；山莓
• raspberries and ice cream 山莓霜淇淋
• raspberry jam 山莓酱
UK ['rɑ:z.bər.i] US ['ræz.ber-] noun
SOUND 声音
countable informal
■a rude sound made by sticking the tongue out and blowing （伸出舌头并吹气而发出的无礼的）呸声，嘘声
• The boy turned and blew a raspberry at the teacher before running off. 那个男孩子转过身来，冲着老师伸出舌头呸了一声，然后跑掉了。
n. [植] 覆盆子；舌头放在唇间发出的声音；（表示轻蔑，嘲笑等的）咂舌声
 - razzberry, bilberry

Word: slander
Front: slander
[ˈslɑ:ndə(r)] (六托雅宝 20554/20367 -1)
Vocabulary: slander
(once / 865 pages)
nv
If your classmate spreads a false rumor that you cheated on the math test, that's slander. Slander is the act of saying an untrue, negative statement about someone.
In law, the word slander is contrasted with libel, which is the act of making a false written statement about someone. The noun slander is from Old French esclandre, escandle, or "scandal," from Late Latin scandalum "stumbling block, offense."
WORD FAMILY
slander: slandered, slanderer, slandering, slanderous, slanders+/slanderer: slanderers/slanderous: slanderously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the exact quote is, “Administration should support and defend activist groups by nullifying slander and smear campaign from bigger group.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Others see a larger effort to slander the basic journalistic function of fact-checking.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
She told the news station she was considering legal action for slander against unnamed individuals.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 口头诽谤; 口头诽谤罪
v. 口头诽谤; 诋毁; 中伤
时态：slandered, slandering, slanders
分布：诽谤(79%)，中伤(21%)
→来自古法语 esclandre,来自拉丁语 scandalum,词源同 scandal,丑闻，诽谤。插入缓音字母 l 后 字母 c 习惯性脱落，拼写比较 slat.
US ['slæn.dɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a false spoken statement about someone which damages their reputation, or the making of such a statement 诽谤，诋毁
• The doctor is suing his partner for slander. 那名医生将控告他的合伙人诽谤。
• She regarded his comment as a slander on her good reputation. 她把他的评论视为对她良好声誉的诋毁。
Compare libel
UK ['slɑ:n.dər] US ['slæn.dɚ] verb transitive
■to damage someone's reputation by making a false spoken statement about them 诽谤，诋毁
vt. 诽谤；造谣中伤
 - wrong, asperse
n. 诽谤；中伤
 - defamation, scandal

Word: silt
Front: silt
[sɪlt] (托宝 15872/16816 -1)
Vocabulary: silt
(once / 5964 pages)
nv
Silt is the fine bits of clay and sand that become sediment settling at the bottom of a river or lake. If there's a lot of silt flowing in a river, it looks murky.
Silt is the super-fine dirt that you might see at the bottom of a lake or river. When your feet touch silt it feels slimy, and once it’s stirred it up the water looks muddy. Where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico, a lot of silt has been deposited and over time has built up a portion of land called the Mississippi Delta. The region surrounding this accumulation of silt is home to music called the Delta Blues.
WORD FAMILY
silt: silted, silting, silts, silty
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, the excavation of an adjacent settlement preserved in the river silts threw open another window on to life in Bronze Age Britain.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
But officials suspect the silting is the result of the heavy rains and flooding that occurred in Houston earlier this year.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The coast lies far to the south; the result of centuries of silt deposited by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 淤泥，泥沙
vi. 被淤塞; 淤积
vt. 使淤积; 充塞
时态：silted, silting, silts
分布：淤泥(100%)
→来自古英语 sealt,盐，词源同 salt.原指海水沉积物，后引申词义淤泥，淤沙，淤积，淤塞等。
noun uncountable
■sand or soil which is carried along by flowing water and then dropped, especially at a bend in a river or at a river's opening （尤指河湾或河口处的）淤泥，泥沙
[sɪlt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] silt (sth) up
■to become blocked with silt, or to cause something to become blocked with silt （使）淤塞
• The harbour silted up many years ago. 这座港口多年前就已淤塞了。
n. 淤泥， [地质] 泥沙；煤粉；残渣
 - residual, sullage
vi. 淤塞，充塞；为淤泥堵塞
 - stagnate
vt. 使淤塞；充塞
 - land up

Word: squib
Front: squib
[skwɪb] (35719/33350)
Back: n. 爆竹
vt. 放爆竹；写讽刺短文攻击；信口讲
vi. 放小爆竹；写讽刺短文
分布：小品文(39%)，讽刺文章(25%)，发表讽刺文章(12%)，小爆竹(12%)，投掷爆竹(12%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。模仿小爆竹爆炸发出的吧唧 声。
noun countable
■a small firework consisting of a tube filled with powder which makes a hissing noise when it is lit 小爆竹，小鞭炮
n. 爆竹；嘲讽；讽刺文章
 - cracker, petard

Word: smarten
Front: smarten
[ˈsmɑ:tn] (36228/21827)
Back: vt. & vi. 使（更）漂亮; 使（更）聪明; 变得（更）漂亮; 变得（更）聪明
时态：smartened, smartening, smartens
分布：打扮(44%)，使整洁(23%)，使漂亮(17%)，使更敏捷(11%)，使成现代风格(5%)
→smart,光鲜的，亮丽的，-en,使。
US ['smɑ:r-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] smarten (sb/sth) up mainly UK
■to (cause to) become more clean, tidy and stylish （使）变得整洁入时，（使）变得时髦
• [R] She's really smartened her self up since she left university. 她大学毕业后确实更会打扮了。
• You'll have to smarten up if you want to work in television. 如果你想在电视圈工作，就必须将自己打扮得漂漂亮亮的。
smarten up your act mainly UK
■to make more effort 多加努力
• Why are you always so late? You'll have to smarten up your act if you want to keep your job. 你为甚么老是迟到？如果想保住工作，你就得好好改进。
vt. 使整洁；使漂亮潇洒；使更敏捷；使更聪明
 - spiff
vi. 打扮；变得更轻快；变得更聪明；变得更剧烈
 - dress oneself, sharp

Word: sherry
Front: sherry
[ˈʃeri] (12359/7938 -2)
Back: n. 雪利酒
分布：雪利酒(100%)
→来自 sherris,雪利酒，来自 vino de Xeres,产自 Xeres 的酒，现拼做 Jerez,色雷斯，西班牙西南 部城市，因配制雪利酒而闻名。由于误以为 Sherris 为复数形式，最后单数化为 sherry,类似 错误比较 cherry,原为 cherise.
noun countable or uncountable
■a type of strong wine from southern Spain which is a pale yellow or brown colour and often drunk before a meal 雪利酒（烈性葡萄酒，通常餐前饮用，颜色从浅黄色至褐色不一）
• sweet/dry sherry 甜／不甜的雪利酒
• Would you like a glass of sherry/some sherry? 你想来杯／点雪利酒吗?
• Would you like a sherry (= a glass of sherry) ? 你想来杯雪利酒吗？
n. [食品] 雪利酒（西班牙产的一种烈性白葡萄酒）；葡萄酒
 - grape wine, Wein

Word: tomography
Front: tomography
[təˈmɒgrəfi] (17767/28744)
Back: n. X线断层摄影术
分布：X线体层照相术(50%)，X线断层摄影术(50%)
→科技术语，借自希腊语 tomos,切片，部分，词源同 tome,-graphy,写，记录。

Word: sumner

Word: transferable
Front: transferable
[trænsˈfɜ:rəbl] (21481/16039)
Vocabulary: transferable
(once / 13633 pages)
adj
If something can be transferred from one person to another, it's transferable. That's good news, if you're talking about front-row tickets to the Mariah Carey concert.
One way that anthropologists decide whether a group has a "culture" is by determining whether the skills and habits they practice are transferable from one generation to the next. For example, chimps are known to teach their young how to use twigs to fish for grubs. That means the skill gets passed on — it's transferable. In the legal or financial sense, transferable refers to something the value of which can be passed from one person to another. Remember: those airline tickets aren't transferable: only you can use them!
WORD FAMILY
transferable: nontransferable, transferability, untransferable+/ transfer: transferable, transference, transferer, transfering, transferrable, transferral, transferred, transferrer, transferring, transfers/ transference: countertransference, transferences/transferer: transferers/transferrer: transferrers/untransferable: untransferably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nor did they get the transferable certificates to combine these rights to generate surplus value to capture, store and monetize it.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
“What we’re going to learn here is transferable to other places.”
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
He also wants to make apprenticeships earn college credit that is transferable to other states.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 可转让的; 可流通的; 可传递的; 可转移的
分布：可转让的(78%)，可转移的(22%)
能转让的(transfer+able)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
adj. [数] 可转让的；可转移的
 - alienable, shiftable

Word: unimpressive
Front: unimpressive
[ˌʌnɪmˈpresɪv] (24953/22699)
Back: adj. 给人印象不深的，不很好的
分布：无印象的(67%)，印象淡薄的(33%)
【记】un不，impressive（adj 给人印象深刻的）：不令人信服的
【反】redoubtable（adj 值得尊敬的；可怕的）
adj. 无印象的；给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的
 - unheroic

Word: unending
Front: unending
[ʌnˈendɪŋ] (15817/19193)
Back: adj. 无止境的，不停的，不断重复的
adv. 无止境地，不停地; 不断重复地
分布：不断的(51%)，永无止境的(27%)，不断重复的(22%)
slightly formal
adjective
■describes activities or events, especially unpleasant ones, when they seem to continue for ever （尤指令人不快的活动或事件）无休止的，没完没了的
• Motherhood seemed to her an unending cycle of cooking, washing and cleaning. 做母亲对她来讲似乎就是整天没完没了的做饭、洗衣和打扫清洁。
adj. 不断的，无止境的；经常被重复的
 - endless, ceaseless, loud, unceasing

Word: unmanageable
Front: unmanageable
[ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbl] (20686/20506)
Back: adj. 难管理的; 难处理的; 难操纵的; 处理不了的
分布：处理不了的(40%)，难处理的(40%)，难控制的(20%)
【记】un不，manageable（adj 易管理的）：难以管理的
adjective
■impossible to deal with or manage 无法对付的；无法处理的
• 74 per cent of teachers found the paperwork was unmanageable. 74%的老师发现这些书面作业无法处理。
• Within weeks, a difficult boy had become unmanageable. 数周之内，一个难管教的男孩就变得难以控制了。
adj. 难处理的，处理不了的；难管理的；难操纵的
 - problem, stubborn

Word: vernacular
Front: vernacular
[vəˈnækjələ(r)] (宝 16371/16686)
Vocabulary: vernacular
(once / 2570 pages)
nadj
Vernacular describes everyday language, including slang, that's used by the people. The vernacular is different from literary or official language: it's the way people really talk with each other, like how families talk at home.
You know how some language is fancy and formal? Vernacular is different: think of it as how friends talk when no one is listening. Vernacular language includes slang and obscenities. One of the hardest things about writing for school is getting away from the vernacular and learning to write in more formal ways that don't come as naturally. You can also say specific groups have a vernacular, meaning the unique way people in a certain region or profession speak.
WORD FAMILY
vernacular: vernacularly, vernaculars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vernacular elements sounded freshest when Mr. Marsalis folded them into passages of symphonic mass, with thick, pungent chords and boldly fractured phrases.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"Or to put it in the vernacular - This Is 'Ull."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
John Margolies, 76, May 26: A legendary photographer of vernacular architecture, his 1987 book Miniature Golf is a treasure of golf nostalgia.
Golf Digest(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 白话; 行话; 本国语; 动植物的俗名
adj. 本国语的; 白话的; 方言的; 本国的
分布：方言(100%)
→来自拉丁语verna,家仆，尤指出生在主人家的仆人后代，引申词义本土的，地方的，后用于指地方性语言，即方言。比较family.
【记】ver真实，nacular＝native（adj 本国的）：本国的真实语言－方言
US [vɚ'næk.jə.lɚ] noun countable usually singular
■the form of a language that a regional or other group of speakers use naturally, especially in informal situations 本地话，方言；白话
• The French I learned at school is very different from the local vernacular of the village where I'm now living. 我在学校里学的法语与我现在住的这个村子里所说的本地方言差别非常大。
• Many Roman Catholics regret the replacing of the Latin mass by the vernacular. 很多天主教徒认为用方言代替拉丁语做弥撒是件很让人惋惜的事。
■specialized
■in architecture , a local style in which ordinary houses are built （建筑的）本地风格，民间风格
specialized
■dance, music, art, etc. that is in a style liked or performed by ordinary people （艺术的）民间风俗
adj. 本国的；地方的；用本地语写成的
 - native, patrial
n. 本地话，方言；动植物的俗名
 - provincialism, patois

Word: ventilation
Front: ventilation
[ˌventɪ'leɪʃn] (托 9805/7996)
Vocabulary: ventilation
(once / 2564 pages)
n
Ventilation is when you let fresh air into a place, or air a room out.
If you've ever been in a stuffy, hot room and said, "Someone open a window!" you know what it meas to need ventilation. Ventilation airs out an indoor space by letting fresh air in and stale or smelly air out, and it's more effective if you open several windows on opposite sides of the house or building. A fan in the window can also aid ventilation. The root word is the Latin ventulus, "a breeze," which comes from ventus, "wind."
WORD FAMILY
ventilation: ventilations+/ hyperventilate: hyperventilated, hyperventilates, hyperventilating, hyperventilation/ vent: vented, venter, ventilate, venting, vents/vented: unvented/venter: venters, ventral /ventilate: hyperventilate, ventilated, ventilates, ventilating, ventilation, ventilator, ventilatory/ventilated: unventilated/ventilator: ventilators/venting: ventings/ ventral: ventrally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The stories elicited pushback from the industry, leading to legislative actions, including rules to require ventilation at all New York state nail salons.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It is a six-hour journey, and the hospital’s aging ambulances are not equipped with proper ventilation systems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There the Metropolitan Transportation Authority finished building a $180 million emergency ventilation plant.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 空气流通; 通风设备; 通风方法; 公开讨论
分布：通风(93%)，通风设备(6%)，公开讨论(1%)
通风,换风[vent=wind,表示"风"]
US [-əl'eɪ-] noun uncountable
■the movement of fresh air around a closed space, or the system which does this 通风（设备）；空气流通（系统）
• Her tiny attic room had poor ventilation and in summer it became unbearably stuffy. 她那小小的阁楼房间通风非常不好，到了夏天就闷得要命。
• a ventilation system 通风系统
n. 通风设备；空气流通
 - ventilating device

Word: workhorse
Front: workhorse
[ˈwɜ:khɔ:s] (18632/23650)
Back: n. 驮马，做粗工者，重负荷机器
分布：重负荷机器(54%)，驮马(35%)，做粗工者(11%)
US ['wɝ:k.hɔ:rs] noun countable
■a person who does a lot of work, especially of a type which is necessary but not interesting 克苦耐劳的人；埋头苦干的人
• a willing/reliable workhorse 甘愿挑重担的人／可靠的老黄牛
■a machine which operates without failing for long periods, although it might not be very interesting or exciting 经久耐用的机器
• The steam engine was the workhorse of the Industrial Revolution. 蒸汽机是工业革命中经久耐用的重负荷机器。
n. 做重活的人；驮马；重负荷机器
 - packhorse

Word: adolescence
Front: adolescence
[ˌædəˈlesns] (高雅 6897/8812 -1)
Vocabulary: adolescence
(once / 3877 pages)
n
The period of time when you physically and emotionally transition from childhood to adulthood is called adolescence. Basically it's when you're old enough to want to be an adult, but young enough that no one takes you seriously!
The noun adolescence comes from the Latin word adolescere, which means "to ripen" or "to grow up." So it makes sense that we use it to describe that unique age when kids start growing into something closer to grown-ups. Adolescence can also refer more specifically to puberty. When you were in your adolescence, it bothered you when your parents pried into your life. But now that your kids are adolescents, you do the same thing to them.
WORD FAMILY
adolescence: adolescences+/adolesce: adolescent, adolescing/ adolescent: adolescence, adolescently, adolescents, preadolescent
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was a grumpy, skeptical woman, and the reason I wanted to be a forensic pathologist for most of my early adolescence.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Even when his father eventually brought him back to Paris, Roughol’s adolescence remained chaotic.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He spent his adolescence using and selling drugs.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 青春期; 青年期
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable
■the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult 青春期；青春
• a troubled adolescence 经历坎坷的青春期
• yet another novel about the joys and sorrows of adolescence 又一本描述青春期孩子欢乐与忧伤的小说
n. [生理] 青春期
 - puberty, youthhood

Word: ammonia
Front: ammonia
[əˈməʊniə] (12488/10804 -1)
Back: n. 氨; 氨水; 氨气
分布：氨(98%)，阿摩尼亚(2%)
→因首次在埃及神Ammon神庙前的盐类沉积物发现而得名。-ia, 化学名称后缀。
US [-'moʊ-] noun uncountable
■a gas with a strong unpleasant smell used in making explosives, fertilizers (= substances which help plants grow) and some cleaning products 氨；氨水
n. [无化] 氨，阿摩尼亚
 - Amonia

Word: anguished
Front: anguished
['æŋɡwɪʃd] (15195/14949 -1)
Back: adj. 极其痛苦的
v. 使极度痛苦(anguish的过去式)
分布：很痛苦的(67%)，动词anguish的过去式和过去分词形式.(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
痛苦不堪的
Anguished means showing or feeling great mental suffering or physical pain.
例：She let out an anguished cry.她痛苦地大叫了一声。
例：...an anguished mother.伤心欲绝的母亲

Word: auxiliary
Front: auxiliary
[ɔ:gˈzɪliəri] (研四六托雅宝 13990/14335 -1)
Vocabulary: auxiliary
(once / 1182 pages)
adjn
When you're offering something in support of an already existing thing, you're offering something auxiliary. The auxiliary police will help out the regular police with things like directing traffic and crowd control when there's a special event in town.
The Latin word auxilium means "help," and so auxiliary means something that "helps" by providing backup or support. Think of auxiliary verbs (sometimes called helper verbs), that provide support within a verb phrase, as "is" does in "Helen is playing." You can have an auxiliary engine in a car, an auxiliary cook at a restaurant, an auxiliary electrical network at a factory, or auxiliary troops standing by during battle. A "Ladies Auxiliary" functions as support for institutions such as churches, synagogues, or charities.
WORD FAMILY
auxiliary: auxiliaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
“With wrestling in Indiana being what is classified as a minor sport, some wrestling coaches compete in the auxiliary gym,” Sallee said.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The southwest Ohio village fired Mayer from his position as auxiliary officer following his indictment in November 2015.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Earlier Monday, authorities arrested a Washington Park auxiliary police officer for providing false information during a crash investigation.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 辅助的; 备用的，补充的; 附加的; 副的
n. 助动词; 辅助者，辅助人员; 附属机构，附属团体; 辅助设备
分布：助动词(42%)，辅助的(39%)，附加的(7%)，辅助物(7%)，帮助者(5%)
→来自词根aux，同aug, 增加。
辅助的[auxili=help(帮助)]
a.辅助的,支援的n.辅助者,辅助设备In the library, arbitrary the librarian wrote the auxiliary diary about military literature.在图书馆,武断的图书管理员写下了有关军事文学的辅助日记.
【记】同ancillary（一个希拉里，adj 补助的）一起记。
US [ɑ:g'zɪl.i.er-] adjective
■giving help or support, especially to a more important person or thing 辅助的
• auxiliary staff /nurses 辅助人员／助理护士
UK [ɔ:g'zɪl.i.ər.i] US [ɑ:g'zɪl.i.er-] noun
PERSON 人
countable
■a person whose job is to give help or support to other workers 辅助人员
• semi-skilled auxiliaries 半熟练的辅助工人
countable usually plural
■a soldier of one country who fights for another country 外国援军士兵，盟国援军士兵；雇佣兵
UK [ɔ:g'zɪl.i.ər.i] US [ɑ:g'zɪl.i.er-] noun
VERB 动词
countable (also auxiliary verb)
■a verb that gives grammatical information, for example about tense, which is not given by the main verb of a sentence 助动词
• The first verb in each of the following sentences is an auxiliary - I would love a drink, When did you arrive?, She has finished her book. 下面这些句子中的第一个动词都是助动词—— I would love a drink, When did you arrive?, She has finished her book。
n. 助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构
 - helping verb, adminicle
adj. 辅助的；副的；附加的
 - additional, assistant, helping, attached, deputy

Word: berliner

Word: boson
Front: boson
['bəʊzʌn] (30507/-)
Vocabulary: boson
(once / 53002 pages)
n
A boson is a nuclei with an even mass number. Bosons are subatomic particles.
An atom isn’t the smallest thing in the world: there are also subatomic particles, such as bosons. Bosons get their name from Indian physicist S. N. Bose, who first described their behavior. If you want to understand bosons thoroughly, you'd better take a class in in particle physics. In a nutshell, a boson has a symmetric wave-function, therefore obeying Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle. Physicists study bosons to understand how the universe works at the tiniest level.
WORD FAMILY
boson: bosons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe this seems humble alongside other winning physics breakthroughs: radiation, quantum mechanics, semiconductors, the Higgs boson.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Bose–Einstein condensates comprise bosons, particles that have either zero or integer values of spin, that are all in the same spin state.
Nature(Oct 18, 2016)
They call this elusive beast the “Higgs bison” after the Higgs boson particle that was finally discovered after 48 years of speculation.
Science Magazine(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 玻色子
分布：波色子(100%)

Word: bot
Front: bot
[bɒt] (18864/42926)
Back: n. 肤蝇的幼虫，马胃蝇蛆
分布：马胃蝇蛆(50%)，=bott.(50%)
→截取自robot，机器人。
N-COUNT
（尤指因特网上的）自动程序，机器人程序
A bot is a computer program that carries out tasks for other programs or users, especially on the Internet.
n. 马蝇幼虫，马蝇
 - horsefly, cleg

Word: blower
Front: blower
[ˈbləʊə(r)] (14734/20820)
Back: n. 吹风机; 送风机; 电话
分布：鼓风机(74%)，吹风机(26%)
N-SING
电话
The blower is the telephone.
例：Anyway, I soon got on the blower to him.不管怎样，我立马给他去了电话。
n. [机] 鼓风机，吹风机；吹制工；爱吹牛的人
 - air-blower, blowing engine

Word: betty
Front: betty
[ˈbetɪ] (-/4617)
Back: n. 做妇女所做之琐事者; 一种用水果; 面包屑; (B-)贝蒂（女子名，涵义：上帝就是誓约）
分布：贝蒂(女子名(100%)

Word: cheeky
Front: cheeky
[ˈtʃi:ki] (22931/10250 -1)
Vocabulary: cheeky
(once / 7965 pages)
adj
If you're being cheeky you're being brash or irreverent. If you're a cheeky child, you're probably just being impudent and disrespectful — and you're probably going to get in trouble.
Cheeky has shades of meaning according to the degree of offense taken, and this may vary between British and American English. At the offensive end are the synonyms rude, disrespectful, and insulting. Less offensive are sassy, arrogant, and shameless. Rounding out the cheeky spectrum are bold, assertive, and daring, which are about getting noticed but without causing injury.
WORD FAMILY
cheeky: cheekier, cheekiest, cheekily, cheekiness+/ cheek: cheeked, cheeking, cheeks, cheeky
USAGE EXAMPLES
"There's no point saying he was an angel, because he wasn't. "I would say he was cheeky.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
It’s a “page-turner,” she said, with “revenge, murder, hope, despair and a little bit of laughter as well. It’s a little cheekier.”
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The award-winning photographer challenges male stereotypes, gender norms and traditional social constructs of masculinity through his cheeky portraits of celebrities and everyday men.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 无礼的，不要脸的，厚颜无耻的
级别：cheekier, cheekiest
分布：厚脸皮的(84%)，莽撞的、放肆的(16%)
→来自cheek,脸颊，后词义引申为放肆的。
['tʃi:.ki] UK
adjective
 ADVANCED
■slightly rude or showing no respect, but often in a funny way 厚脸皮的，不要脸的；鲁莽的，放肆的
• She's got such a cheeky grin. 她还厚着脸皮咧嘴笑呢。
• Don't be so cheeky! 不要这么放肆！
adj. 无耻的；厚脸皮的
 - shameless, impudent

Word: bourbon
Front: bourbon
[ˈbɜ:bən] (11706/24379 -1)
Vocabulary: bourbon
(once / 24573 pages)
n
Bourbon is a type of barrel-aged whiskey made in Kentucky. This is a strong, but popular, type of liquor.
Bourbon may be French in origin, but the whiskey bearing this name is all-American: it’s named for Bourbon County, Kentucky. Bourbon isn't the kind of alcohol you can drink a pint of, like beer. Bourbon has a strong, bitter taste and it's very high in alcohol. Bourbon is made from corn, malt, and rye, and it's aged in barrels: this adds to the taste and potency. Visitors to Kentucky love to tour bourbon distilleries.
WORD FAMILY
bourbon: bourbons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Glatter recommended staying away from dark-colored liquors such as bourbon and whiskey.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Eggnog surfaces during the holiday season when it is typically combined with brandy, bourbon or rum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
The lightest was aged in American oak and reminded me of bourbon.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 波旁威士忌; 一杯波旁威士忌酒
分布：波旁威士忌(64%)，波旁皇族(26%)，反动分子(10%)
→产于美国Bourbon County的威士忌酒。该郡因当时的法国Bourbon 王朝支持而从英国获得独立，为感谢Bourbon王朝的帮助而以Bourbon命名。
US ['bɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of American whiskey （美国产的）波本威士忌酒

Word: cashier
Front: cashier
[kæˈʃɪə(r)] (雅 11211/15610 -1)
Vocabulary: cashier
(once / 1782 pages)
1n 2v
A cashier is someone who works at a store ringing up people's purchases. Most cashiers use a cash register for keeping money and making change.
Fast food restaurants, grocery stores, and book shops all hire cashiers to scan purchases or manually enter their prices into a register, process the customer's payment, and put the items in bags. In Britain, you can also call a bank teller a cashier. The word is from the Middle French caissier, "treasurer," which comes from caisse, "money box."
WORD FAMILY
cashier: cashiered, cashiering, cashiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was “very, very, extremely busy” in the days leading up to the holidays, a cashier said.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Pretty much everything is on me,” said Ms. Harrell, who works as a cashier at a local Home Depot.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
After he was laid off, he got a job as a convenience store cashier, which pays a lot less.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 出纳员
vt. 解雇; 抛弃
时态：cashiered, cashiering, cashiers
分布：出纳员(54%)，收银员(42%)，解职(2%)，丢弃(2%)
→来自cash, 现金。
出纳(cash现金+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
n.收银员,出纳员She is a cashier in a bank.她是银行的出纳员.
US [-'ɪr] noun countable
■a person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. （商店、银行、餐馆等的）收银员，出纳员
UK [kæʃ'ɪər] US [-'ɪr] verb transitive
■to officially dismiss (= remove from a job) a person from a military organization, especially making them lose their honour at the same time 撤销…的军职；取消…的军籍
n. [会计] 出纳员；司库
 - teller, treasurer
vt. 解雇；抛弃
 - get the boot, to sack

Word: consular
Front: consular
['kɒnsjələ(r)] (21918/27950 -1)
Back: adj. 领事的
分布：领事的(100%)
US ['kɑ:nt.sjə.lɚ] adjective [before noun]
■relating to a consul or a consulate 领事的；领事馆的
• the consular office 领事办公室

Word: cretaceous

Word: choreography
Front: choreography
[ˌkɒriˈɒgrəfi] (托宝 14499/23541 -1)
Vocabulary: choreography
(once / 7567 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun choreography to describe the plan for how dancers will move on a stage during a show, play, or dance. You might particularly love the choreography in the movie "West Side Story."
You can use the word choreography to mean "dance" or "ballet," but its specific meaning is the notation a choreographer makes on paper as she plans out the complex movements and steps made by dancers. Choreography is particularly important in musical theater, ballet, opera, and dance recitals. The Greek roots of choreography are khoreia, "dance," and graphein, "to write."
WORD FAMILY
choreography: choreographies
USAGE EXAMPLES
ABC quickly cut to shots of the Times Square crowd as Ms. Carey tried to perform some of her choreography.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A video features the alluring Thomas Edwards, of the Scottish Ballet, in a hawk costume, as he reimagines the play’s largely undocumented choreography.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Apart from Ailey’s work, it was troubling how much of the choreography was indistinct: pasted onto the dancers instead of embedded in them.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 编舞艺术; 舞蹈编排
分布：舞蹈编排(50%)，编舞艺术(50%)
→chor, 舞蹈，见chorus。-graph, 写，见telegraph.
舞蹈设计(chor+eo+graphy[chor=sing,dance,表示"歌,舞"]
【记】cho表音乐，graphy写－编舞术
US [ˌkɔ:r.i'ɑ:.grə-] noun uncountable
■the skill of combining movements into dances to be performed 编舞艺术；舞蹈设计
• a flamboyant style of choreography 华彩绚丽的舞蹈设计风格

Word: fluency
Front: fluency
[ˈflu:ənsi] (高 13181/14342)
Vocabulary: fluency
(once / 4106 pages)
n
Do you have a way with words? Can you speak and write easily? Then you have fluency.
Fluency is a type of smoothness used most often when talking about language. You could study a language — like Spanish — for years and not really gain fluency. To have fluency — in other words, to be fluent — takes a lot of practice. Fluency can't be achieved overnight. That kind of expert use of language takes time, and it helps if you get a chance to visit a country where they speak the language you're learning.
WORD FAMILY
fluency: disfluency, fluencies+/ fluent: fluency, fluentest, fluently
USAGE EXAMPLES
A fluency with Shakespeare’s language that allowed her to manifest the minds of her characters without resorting to imposed psychology.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Under Bennett’s matchless eye, “Dreamgirls” moved from beginning to end as a sustained, kinetic entity that folded even Robin Wagner’s set into an unstoppable fluency.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“All children need to practice fluency and comprehension skills, and why not read while getting a haircut?” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指外语）流利，流畅
分布：流利(69%)，流畅(31%)
→来自fluent, 流畅的。
流利,流畅(flu+ency→流的状态)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
ADJ-GRADED
流利的;流畅的
Someone who is fluent in a particular language can speak the language easily and correctly. You can also say that someone speaks fluent French, Chinese, or some other language.
例：She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent in only six of them...她学习了8种外语，但是只能流利地说其中 6 种。
例：He speaks fluent Russian.他说一口流利的俄语。
ADJ-GRADED
(语言或文字)流畅的，熟练的;文笔好的
If your speech, reading, or writing is fluent, you speak, read, or write easily, smoothly, and clearly with no mistakes.
例：He had emerged from being a hesitant and unsure candidate into a fluent debater.他从一个吞吞吐吐、缺乏自信的候选人成长为口若悬河的辩论者。
n. 流畅，流利
 - mellifluence, volubility

Word: dustbin
Front: dustbin
[ˈdʌstbɪn] (高 28258/9594 -1)
Back: n. 垃圾箱; 灰箱; 尘箱
分布：垃圾箱(100%)
['dʌst.bɪn] UK (US garbage can) (US also trash can)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large container for rubbish from a house or other building, usually made of strong plastic or metal and kept outside （常置于室外的）垃圾箱，垃圾桶
['dʌst.bɪn] UK (US garbage can) (US also trash can)
noun countable
consign sth to the dustbin
■to get rid of something 丢弃，抛弃
• Fox hunting, he claimed, should be consigned to the dustbin of history. 他说猎狐应该被扔进历史的垃圾堆。
n. 垃圾箱
 - garbage container, garbage can

Word: defensible
Front: defensible
[dɪˈfensəbl] (17443/19950)
Vocabulary: defensible
(once / 3883 pages)
adj
Something that's defensible is excusable — you can defend it or justify it. Mistaking your friend for her twin sister, as awkward as it may be, is a defensible blunder.
In politics, there are often issues to which some people object strongly, while others argue that they're completely defensible positions. You may believe it's defensible to wage war in some circumstances, while your pacifist friend thinks it's never okay to kill for any reason. Defensible comes from an Old French root, defendre, "defend or resist," from the Latin root defendere, "guard or protect."
WORD FAMILY
defensible: defensibility, defensibly, indefensible +/ defence: defenceless, defences, self-defence/defenceless: defencelessly, defencelessness/ defend: defence, defendable, defendant, defended, defender, defending, defends, defensible, defensive /defendable: undefendable/ defendant: co-defendant, defendants/defender: defenders/ defensive: defensively, defensiveness, defensives/ indefensible: indefensibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also means keeping Israel defensible against foreign armies, which often means requiring a continued Israeli military presence in parts of the West Bank.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But this would require the agency to complete a notice-and-comment process under the Administrative Procedure Act, and to identify judicially defensible reasons for repeal.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The trees need to be felled to create a defensible space around the building in case of wildfire.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 能防御的，能辩护的
分布：可辩护的(51%)，可拥护的(33%)，可防卫的(16%)
(US also defendable)
adjective
■able to be protected from attack, or able to be supported by argument 有防卫能力的；合乎情理的，有正当理由的
• A city built on an island is easily defensible. 建在岛上的城市较易于防守。
• High petrol taxes are defensible on ecological grounds. 从保护生态环境的角度来说，征收高额汽油税是有道理的。
adj. 可防御的；可辩护的；可拥护的
 - vindicable

Word: depository
Front: depository
[dɪˈpɒzɪtri] (23770/37705)
Vocabulary: depository
(once / 6832 pages)
n
A depository is a place where things are kept or stored. You might call your city's Natural History Museum a depository of local dinosaur fossils.
A library could also be called a book depository, since books are stored there, and the official name of Fort Knox, which once stored much of the gold in the US, is the United States Bullion Depository. The word depository literally means "place where things are deposited," from the Latin root deponere, "lay aside or deposit," combining de-, "away," and ponere, "to put."
WORD FAMILY
depository: depositories
USAGE EXAMPLES
That rate — the cost that banks and depository institutions charge one another for overnight loans — has only an indirect impact on mortgage rates.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
These were the New Deal regulations, in force until the late 1990s, that kept depository banks separate from investment banks and insurance companies.
New York Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Those of us in the national office often volunteer at one of the thousand or so agencies served by our Greater Chicago food depository.
New York Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 存放处
分布：存储处(34%)，贮藏所(33%)，受托人(33%)
仓库(deposit存储)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
US [-'pɑ:.zə.tɔ:r-] noun countable
■a place, especially a large building, for storing things （尤指大型）仓库，存放地
• The government is having difficulty finding a safe depository for nuclear waste. 政府在寻找核废料安全存放地点时遇上困难。
n. 贮藏所；受托者；存储处
 - storage, bailee
adj. 保管的；存储的
 - custodial, storing

Word: fasten
Front: fasten
[ˈfɑ:sn] (高研四六托宝 7930/7148 -K1)
Vocabulary: fasten
(once / 175 pages)
v
When you fasten something, you close or attach it. You might fasten your coat, closing each snap, when the sun goes down and the air gets chilly.
People fasten all kinds of things: we all fasten our seat belts when we board an airplane and fasten our bathrobes by tying them in the front. Your ski goggles might fasten onto your helmet, just as your boots fasten onto your skis. You can also say that you fasten your hair with a barrette or fasten a charm bracelet around your wrist. The Old English root is fæstnian, "make fast or firm."
WORD FAMILY
fasten: fastened, fastener, fastening, fastens, unfasten+/fastener: fasteners/fastening: fastenings/unfasten: unfastened, unfastener, unfastening, unfastens
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the visitors’ locker room, he joked with folks around him as an equipment man fastened his cuff links.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
When he fastened it over a T-shirt, he recalled, it suddenly “felt so subversive and cool.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
We were wondering how to hold the cornstalks up without fastening anything to our home.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 系牢，钉牢; 使坚固或稳固; 使合在一起：封合; 集中：稳定地集中或指向：
vi. 附着，扣紧; 紧握，紧抱; 集中：显著地注意，集中
时态：fastened, fastening, fastens
分布：系(64%)，固定(17%)，系紧(11%)，使固定(3%)，强加于(2%)，拴紧(2%)，抓紧(1%)
→来自fast, 固定的。
v.扎牢,使固定Please fasten your seat belts!请系上安全带!
【参】fastness（n 牢固；固定；要塞；城堡）＝stronghold
【反】fastness（n 要塞）－unsecured palace（没有防卫的地方）
US ['fæs.ən] verb
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) become firmly fixed together, or in position, or closed 扣紧；系牢；扎好；关紧
• Make sure your seat belt is securely fastened. 请务必将您的安全带系好。
• This shirt fastens at the back. 这件衬衫是在后面系扣的。
fasten sth on/to/together, etc.
 ESSENTIAL
■to fix one thing to another 把…固定在（…上）／到（…上）／在一起等
• I fastened the sticker to the windscreen. 我把贴纸黏到挡风玻璃上。
UK ['fɑ:.sən] US ['fæs.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fasten on/upon sth
■to give attention to something, because it is of special interest or often because you think it is the cause of a problem 集中注意力于；集中思想于
• The tabloid newspapers have fastened on popular psychology. 这些小报处处捉摸大众心理。
• My mind fastened on his admission that he was an agent. 我的注意力还集中在他承认自己是间谍一事上。
tighten, focus, intensify, fasten
tighten: 加紧，收紧
focus: 集中
intensify: 加强，强化
fasten: 系紧，扣紧
chain, tie, secure, bind, fasten
这组词都有“扎牢、捆、绑”的意思，其区别是：
chain: 专指用链条或金属环将某人或某物锁住或系住。
tie: 普通用词，指用绳索等将东西扎紧捆牢。
secure: 指将某物紧紧地固定起来，使之完全无损。
bind: 多指把两个或两个以上的人或物牢牢地系或扎在一起。
fasten: 指把某物牢牢地拴在、钉在或锁在另一物上，使不能任意移动。
vt. 使固定；集中于；扎牢；强加于
 - focus on, fix
vi. 扣紧；抓住；集中注意力
 - pay attention, take hold

Word: giver
Front: giver
[ˈgɪvə(r)] (13698/19554 -1)
Back: n. 给予者，赠予人; 捐献者或捐助人
分布：给予者(93%)，捐献人(7%)
N-COUNT
给予者；赠与者；提供者
You can refer to a person or organization that gives or supplies a particular thing as a giver of that thing.
例：Germany is the largest giver of aid among the wealthy countries of the West.德国是西方富裕国家中给予援助最多的国家。
例：...a complex social ritual that says a lot about both the giver and the receiver.关于捐赠者与受援者的复杂的社会礼仪

Word: genial
Front: genial
[ˈdʒi:niəl] (托雅宝 17323/15016 -1)
Vocabulary: genial
(once / 499 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're friendly and outgoing, you're genial. You can be a genial host or a genial guest.
This is mainly a word for pleasant kindness. Besides people or animals, climates and weather can be genial, which means they too are warm and sunny — good for growing things. In older literature, genial might have something to do with marriage and family, and sometimes brilliance, as in genius. Those uses are very rare nowadays, as is the sense of genial as having to do with the jaw. These days, warmth and friendliness are the main meanings.
WORD FAMILY
genial: genialest, geniality, genially+/ geniality: genialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Palmer, a magnetic and genial golfer, brought sports into the modern mercantile era and helped globalize the game.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“I am here because of state violence on behalf of a corporation,” Matthew, a genial, lightly dressed man, said.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
But for all the disdain with which Reagan was greeted, the genial star of “Bedtime for Bonzo” was a far less frightening figure than Trump.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 和蔼的，亲切的; 温暖的，温和的; 宜人的; 显示天才的
分布：友好的(100%)
→来自genius, 守护精灵。引申词义欢快的，友好的。
和蔼的;愉快的(gen+ial→产生[感情]的→和蔼的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】geni＝gene，al＝all：所有人有共同的基因，好像兄弟姐妹一样－友好的，和蔼可亲的
【区】genital（adj 生殖的；n 男性生殖器）
【反】mordant（adj 讽刺的；尖刻的）；saturnine（adj 忧郁的；讥讽的）；dyspeptic（adj 阴郁的；不高兴的）；caustic（adj 刻薄的）；dour（adj 不爱讲话的；阴沉的）；truculent（adj 好战凶猛的）
adjective
■friendly and pleasant 友好的；愉快的；和蔼的
• The headteacher is very genial/has a genial manner. 这位校长非常友好／态度和蔼。
adj. 亲切的，友好的；和蔼的；适宜的
 - friendly, nice, sweet, kind, well

Word: gentlemanly
Front: gentlemanly
[ˈdʒentlmənli] (22596/19307)
Back: adj. 彬彬有礼的，绅士风度的，绅士派头的
分布：绅士派头的(100%)
US [-tˌl-] adjective
■typical of a polite gentleman 绅士的；绅士风度的；彬彬有礼的；有修养的
• a gentlemanly manner 绅士风度

Word: ilk
Front: ilk
[ɪlk] (18862/19626)
Vocabulary: ilk
(once / 7562 pages)
n
Ilk is a certain type of person, usually a type you don't care for. The word is used in sentences like "I'm tired of you and your ilk!
When you say "you and your ilk," you mean "you and everyone just like you." And that's not usually meant in a nice way. You probably wouldn't talk about Nelson Mandela and his ilk — ilk sounds negative. Usually, you're talking about a criminal and his ilk, or a crooked politician and his ilk. If someone is talking about your ilk, it might be time to get new friends or change your ways.
WORD FAMILY
ilk: ilks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet Chang is not calling Tunks and his ilk racists.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
I hope Roof and his ilk do not win the war we’re currently fighting.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
These festive outfits are definitely of the “ugly sweater” ilk, with a side order of hipster.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 相同的
n. 家族，同类，种类
分布：家族(54%)，种类(23%)，类型(23%)
→来自古英语ilca,同样，来自i,那个，那里，它，词源同idem,identical,-lic,同类，词源同like,-ly.引申词义同类，种类。
[ɪlk] mainly disapproving
noun only singular
■a particular type 类型
• The worst of her criticism was reserved for journalists, photographers and others of their ilk. 她批评得最严厉的是记者、摄影师以及诸如此类的人。
n. 家族；亲属
 - family, folk
adj. 相同的
 - same, uniform, parallel, alike

Word: haystack
Front: haystack
[ˈheɪstæk] (19464/21605)
Vocabulary: haystack
(once / 5214 pages)
n
A haystack is a pile or bundle of hay. On farms, after hay has been cut, it's formed into haystacks until being fed to farm animals.
Haystacks come in different shapes and sizes, including piles of rectangular blocks of hay; rounded bales; and pointed piles of hay. These haystacks are all packed tightly, and they're often covered to protect them from the rain. You've probably heard the phrase "a needle in a haystack," an idiom that's used when a search is on for some impossibly tiny thing that's lost.
WORD FAMILY
haystack: haystacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yet another outlined the process of haystack production in Romania.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Degas ballerinas and Monet haystacks are more the ticket.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Despite the recent media tempest about the Haystack Monument, the statue seems relatively uncontroversial among students.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 干草堆
分布：大干草堆(67%)，=hayrick.(33%)
→hay,干草，stack,堆。
noun countable
■a large tall pile of hay in a field 干草堆
n. 干草堆
 - wase, rick

Word: humorous
Front: humorous
[ˈhju:mərəs] (中高研四六托 9877/9475 -K1)
Vocabulary: humorous
(once / 618 pages)
adj
If something is humorous it's funny. Humorous is a fine tone for toasting at your friend’s wedding, but not so much for the reading of someone's last will and testament.
When we talk about humor, we’re usually talking about something funny. But originally the word humorous had to do with the body’s humors, or moods. If you’re reading a medieval book on medicine, you might find descriptions of humorous maladies. Those aren’t joke sicknesses. But if anyone born after 1700 says something is humorous, it means they think it's funny.
WORD FAMILY
humorous: humorously, humorousness, unhumorous+/ humor: humoral, humored, humoring, humorist, humorless, humorous, humors/humored: ill-humored/humorist: humorists/humorless: humorlessly/unhumorous: unhumorously
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also a show that reflects the diversity of working-class America in a humorous microcosm.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
"Not everyone realised this was a humorous present from RT," the broadcaster said.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Others were somewhat humorous, like the sweet old lady who pulled me aside at a New Hampshire diner.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 幽默的; 滑稽的; 风趣的; 谐
分布：幽默的(81%)，诙谐的(19%)
→来自humor,幽默。
a.富于幽默感的,幽默的;滑稽的The humorous rumour has something to do with human humanity and vanity.那个幽默传闻与人类的仁慈和虚荣心有关.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■funny, or making you laugh 幽默的；滑稽的
• Her latest book is a humorous look at teenage life. 她的新书是对青少年生活的一种幽默审视。
comic, witty, funny, humorous
这组词都有“使人高兴的，令人发笑的”的意思，其区别是：
comic: 指像喜剧一样滑稽可笑。
witty: 强调机智而饶有风趣。
funny: 非正式用词，通常侧重因古怪、奇特或不合适宜的举动等引起的发笑。
humorous: 指富有幽默感、诙谐、引人发笑的。
adj. 诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的
 - funny, witty

Word: impinge
Front: impinge
[ɪmˈpɪndʒ] (宝 18394/11422)
Vocabulary: impinge
(once / 8347 pages)
v
Whether you have a habit of standing too close when talking to others or bringing luggage on a crowded rush-hour subway car, you'll find people don't like it when you impinge on their personal space.
When you impinge, you intrude on something, whether it’s someone else’s space, time, or rights. Think of it as moving in on someone’s territory. The word also can be used in the sense of affecting something, usually negatively, often by restricting it. For example, constantly inviting your friend to go shopping and meet you in nice restaurants might impinge on her desire to save money.
WORD FAMILY
impinge: impinged, impingement, impinges, impinging+/impingement: impingements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those are just hints of the complex world that is about to impinge on the simplistic worldview offered by Trump during his presidential campaign.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
These other islands and coastal enclaves rarely impinge on the collective consciousness.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
He told her it should be monitored regularly; such tumors typically must be removed if they grow and impinge on brain structures.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 冲击; 撞击; 对…起作用; 侵犯
vt. & vi. 对…有明显作用（或影响），妨碍，侵犯(~ on/upon sth/sb.)
时态：impinged, impinging, impinges
分布：撞击(51%)，侵犯(45%)，对...有影响(4%)
→im-,进入，使，-pinge,固定，紧压，系紧，词源同fang,impact.引申词义妨碍，侵犯。
撞击;侵犯(im进入+ping+e-紧迫进入-侵犯)[ping=fasten(系紧)]
【记】im进入，pin（n 大头针），ge：用大头针扎你－侵害
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  impinge on/upon sb/sth
■to have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting it in some way 影响；妨碍
• The government's spending limits will seriously impinge on the education budget. 政府限制开支会严重影响教育预算。
vi. 撞击；侵犯
 - knock against, to infringe on
vt. 撞击
 - impact, strike

Word: inveigh
Front: inveigh
[ɪnˈveɪ] (宝 29908/33484)
Vocabulary: inveigh
(once / 5361 pages)
v
Picture an old man banging his fist on the dinner table, inveighing against the evils of teenagers being allowed to listen to music and dance. Inveigh means to rail against something with hostility and passion.
Related to vehicle, inveigh comes from Latin in- + vehere "to carry." During the Vietnam War, war protesters held rallies where young men burned their draft cards and inveighed against the imperialist motives by which our country was being driven and the war's escalation without its ever being properly authorized in Congress.
WORD FAMILY
inveigh: inveighed, inveighing, inveighs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of the less political acts planned for the performance were scrapped in favor of pieces that directly inveighed against police brutality and mass incarceration.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
As a vote-winning politician, he proposed drug tests for welfare recipients, inveighed against Japan taking American jobs and attacked affirmative action.
Washington Post(Nov 08, 2016)
In pugnacious form, Mr. Trump has in recent days inveighed against Republican leaders.
New York Times(Oct 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 猛烈抨击，痛骂，谩骂
时态：inveighed, inveighing, inveighs
分布：痛骂(47%)，猛烈抨击(40%)，强烈抗议(13%)
→in-,进入，使，-veigh,携带，运载，词源同vehicle,wagon.词义演变同invective.
【记】in进入，veigh＝vect恶，坏，猛烈－辱骂读：淫威－对于有淫威的人要破口大骂！！！
【反】verbally provide support（口头提供支持）
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  inveigh against sb/sth formal
■to strongly criticize something or someone 猛烈抨击；痛骂
• There were politicians who inveighed against immigrants to get votes. 有些政客透过猛烈抨击移民来获取选票。
vi. 痛骂；漫骂；猛烈抨击
 - ball out, clapperclaw

Word: indicative
Front: indicative
[ɪnˈdɪkətɪv] (研六托雅宝 9866/8955 -1)
Vocabulary: indicative
(once / 1947 pages)
1adj 2adjn
Use the word indicative when you want to show that something is suggestive or serves as a sign of something. Your willingness to help out with the charity is indicative of your generous nature.
The adjective indicative is usually followed by the word of. After being caught in the storm, you protested that the current condition of your hair and clothes were in no way indicative of your normal grooming habits. Instead, you argue, your appearance is indicative of your work ethic, since you braved wind, rain, and sleet to get to work that day. Did you know that some experts say the rise in skirt hemlines is indicative of economic recovery?
WORD FAMILY
indicative: indicatively, indicatives+/ indicate: indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indicative, indicator, indicatory/ indication: indications, preindication/ indicator: indicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bloated, profligate and corrupt, for many healthcare was indicative of all that was wrong with the country and, as such, badly in need of reform.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But it is indicative of the predicament that the Mariners find themselves in as spring training looms just about six weeks away.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He regarded the award as indicative of the military’s denial about the My Lai episode, which did not involve enemy combatants at all.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 象征的; 指示的，表示的; [语]陈述的，直陈的
n. [语]陈述语气
分布：指示的(38%)，陈述语气(35%)，暗示的(27%)
a.(of)指示的,暗示的Her gesture was indicative of contempt.她的动作表示轻视.
【记】in里面，dic说－说出事务里面的东西－表明的；表示的
【参】dictionary（n 词典）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■being or relating to a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen 标示的；表明的
• Resumption of the talks is indicative of an improving relationship between the countries. 恢复会谈表明两国关系在改善。
adj. 象征的；指示的；表示…的
 - symbolic, emblematic

Word: intrinsical
Front: intrinsical
[ɪn'trɪnsɪkəl] None
Back: adj. 本质的，固有的
分布：内在的(46%)，固有的(36%)，实质的(18%)
adj. 本质的；固有的；内在的
 - internal, inherent, essential, constitutional

Word: incongruous
Front: incongruous
[ɪnˈkɒŋgruəs] (托雅 15979/14296 -1)
Vocabulary: incongruous
(once / 1209 pages)
adj
Something that's incongruous is inconsistent or incompatible with something else. Remember that Sesame Street song "One of these things is not like the other"? They were talking about that one thing being incongruous.
If we break it down into its Latin roots, incongruous is formed by adding in, meaning “not," to congruous, which means “suitable, proper.” So, something that is incongruous is "not suitable or proper" — in other words, not in harmony with everything else. That's why burping at the dinner table could be called incongruous behavior: it's not proper and certainly doesn't go well with the main course.
WORD FAMILY
incongruous: incongruity, incongruously, incongruousness+/ congruity: congruities/congruous: congruity, congruously, congruousness, incongruous / incongruity: incongruities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was originally turned down by the district council which said it would be "an incongruous feature in the countryside".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Incongruous information is discarded, and supporting information is eagerly retained.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The reindeers, the snowmen, the sleds - all look very incongruous amid the city's luxuriant, tropical vegetation.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不协调的，不一致的; 不和谐的; 不相称的; 异向
分布：不协调的(68%)，不一致的(24%)，前后不一的(8%)
→in-,不，非，congruous,一致的。
US [-'kɑ:ŋ-] adjective
■unusual or different from what is around or from what is generally happening 不协调的；不合适的；不一致的
• The new computer looked incongruous in the dark book-filled library. 这台新电脑在放满书的昏暗图书馆中显得很不协调。
• It seems incongruous to have a woman as the editor of a men's magazine. 让一个女人做男性杂志的编辑似乎不合适。
adj. 不协调的；不一致的；不和谐的
 - absonant, uncoordinated

Word: kerr

Word: liberally
Front: liberally
['lɪbərəlɪ] (托 16524/14214)
Back: adv. 不受限制地，公平地，大方地; 从优
分布：大方地(60%)，大量地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
开明的；开通的；（个人）自由主义的
Someone who has liberal views believes people should have a lot of freedom in deciding how to behave and think.
例：She is known to have liberal views on divorce and contraception.众所周知，她在离婚与避孕方面思想很开明。
ADJ-GRADED
（制度等）开放的；（政治或经济上）自由主义的
A liberal system allows people or organizations a lot of political or economic freedom.
例：...a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system...多党政制的自由民主国家
例：They favour liberal free-market policies.他们支持开放的自由市场政策。
ADJ
自由党的;支持自由党的
A Liberal politician or voter is a member of a Liberal Party or votes for a Liberal Party.
例：The Liberal leader has announced his party's withdrawal from the ruling coalition.自由党领袖已宣布该党退出执政联盟。
ADJ-GRADED
慷慨的；肆意的；大量的；丰富的
Liberal means giving, using, or taking a lot of something, or existing in large quantities.
例：As always he is liberal with his jokes...像平时一样，他出口就是笑话。
例：She made liberal use of her elder sister's make-up and clothes.她随便把姐姐的化妆品和衣服拿来用。
adv. 大方地；自由地；公平地；充足地
 - freely, fairly, equally, enough

Word: malady
Front: malady
[ˈmælədi] (托 15568/22759)
Vocabulary: malady
(once / 976 pages)
n
A malady is an illness, like a malady that keeps you home, sick in bed for days, or something that causes you to have trouble or to suffer, like jet lag — a malady that affects travelers.
Malady, pronounced "MAL-uh-dee," comes from the Latin words male, meaning "bad or ill" and habitus for "have, hold." When you have a malady, it is like something bad is holding you, such as an illness — the common cold: a malady of winter. Some bad habits cause maladies, such as never having any money — the malady of people who spend freely, not thinking of the future.
WORD FAMILY
malady: maladies
USAGE EXAMPLES
This emerging cancer treatment holds great promise in the efforts to fight the so-called Emperor of All Maladies.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
When Americans address social maladies through community efforts, we do more than improve our neighborhoods.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
But as cultural historian Jonathan Lamb's intriguing Scurvy reveals, there is vastly more to this malady.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （制度或机构的）弊病，弊端; 疾病; 病症; 弊害
分布：病(61%)，疾病(30%)，弊病(9%)
→来自古法语malade,病的，病态的，来自拉丁语male habitus,感觉病恹恹的，情况不好的，来自male,坏的，habitus,持，握，习惯，词源同habit,habitable.引申词义坏习惯，痼疾，疾病等。
noun countable formal
DISEASE 疾病
■a disease 病，疾病
• All the rose bushes seem to be suffering from the same mysterious malady. 所有的玫瑰丛似乎都得了同一种怪病。
['mæl.ə.di] noun countable formal
PROBLEM 问题
■a problem within a system or organization （系统或组织内部的）问题，弊病
• Apathy is one of the maladies of modern society. 冷漠是现代社会的弊病之一。
n. 弊病；疾病；腐败
 - corruption, sickness, complaint

Word: litigant
Front: litigant
[ˈlɪtɪgənt] (宝 19336/17194)
Vocabulary: litigant
(once / 11657 pages)
n
A litigant is someone involved in a lawsuit. The person who sues and the person who gets sued are both litigants.
To litigate is to use the legal system, and to be litigious is to be prone to filing lawsuits. Litigant refers to someone who is part of a lawsuit. If you sue a doctor, you’re a litigant, as is the doctor. If your landlord sues you, you’re both litigants. A company can be a litigant too. Litigants require lawyers. In fact, without litigants, lawyers would have nothing to do. Lucky for them, there are many litigants in the world.
WORD FAMILY
litigant: litigants
USAGE EXAMPLES
As for the EPA’s science, bending to public comment from litigants and actor Mark Ruffalo does not instill confidence in the agency’s integrity.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The attorney general and district attorney engaged in a fistfight, and the defendant drew a knife, stabbed two litigants and was finally fatally wounded.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Other justices speculated as potential litigants neighborhood grocers, dry cleaners or real estate agents.
Washington Post(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 诉讼当事人
adj. 进行诉讼的
分布：诉讼当事人(59%)，诉讼的(41%)
→来自litigate,诉讼。
【记】liti立体，gan干，t他－一个立体的人想干他－诉讼当事人
US ['lɪtˌ-] legal
noun countable
■a person who is fighting a legal case 诉讼当事人
adj. 诉讼的
 - contentious

Word: methodical
Front: methodical
[məˈθɒdɪkl] (托宝 14767/18412 -1)
Vocabulary: methodical
(once / 1597 pages)
adj
Methodical means following a method. If you follow the same sixteen steps in the same order when you make a fire, you could be said to take a methodical approach to this activity.
The idea of moving slowly and orderly through a process can at times be dismissed as bureaucratic or obsessive, but when you use the word methodical to describe it, chances are you think that it's good to follow a method. The only thing missing from a methodical approach is inspiration––dancers shouldn't be too methodical; engineers should.
WORD FAMILY
methodical: methodically, methodicalness, unmethodical+/ method: methodical, methods/unmethodical: unmethodically
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the middle of preparing for the biggest exam of his career, he launched a methodical bombardment on the world of authors.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
“We are being methodical in how we grow this business.”
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Hourlong classes are slow and methodical, focusing on therapeutic movements that strengthen alignment.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 有方法的; 有条不紊的; 井然
分布：有条不紊的(89%)，井然的(11%)
→来自method,方法，条理。
【记】源于：method（n 方法）
【参】methodology（n 方法学；方法论）
【反】desultory（adj 断断续续的）；haphazard（adj 偶然随便的）
US [-'θɑ:.dɪ-] adjective
■describes people who do things in a very ordered, careful way （指人做事）有条理的，井然有序的
• Tom is a very methodical person and writes lists for everything. 汤姆是个非常有条理的人，他把要做的每件事都一一列出。
adj. 有系统的；有方法的
 - systematic

Word: misadventure
Front: misadventure
[ˌmɪsədˈventʃə(r)] (20950/22758)
Vocabulary: misadventure
(once / 4795 pages)
n
Ever climb a ladder and then, when you’re at the top, the ladder tips over, leaving you stranded up there? That’s the start of a misadventure, an unfortunate situation that happens because of bad luck.
Kids are always having misadventures. Falling into a pit of mud, getting stuck between slats in a fence, a monkey stealing the shirt off your back: all classic misadventures. The word is rooted in the French word mesaventure, which translates to “turn out badly.” Some misadventures are only embarrassing, while others are exhausting and sad. The worst part? You can’t prevent a misadventure, because they happen by chance.
WORD FAMILY
misadventure: misadventures+/ adventure: adventured, adventurer, adventures, adventuresome, adventuring, adventurism, adventurous, misadventure /adventurer: adventurers/adventurism: adventurisms, adventuristic/ adventurous: adventurously, adventurousness, unadventurous/unadventurous: unadventurously
USAGE EXAMPLES
After your misadventures on the Empire Builder, why would you and your husband try Amtrak again?
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Insecure” shares some DNA with a previous project of Rae’s, acclaimed Web series “The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
That speaks to a deeper continuity with past conservative outlooks than his superficial attacks against Bush-era neoconservative misadventures.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 运气不佳的遭遇
分布：灾难(69%)，不幸(31%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，adventure,j冒险。引申词义恶运，不幸遭遇。
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable literary
■an accident or bad luck 不幸事故；不幸遭遇；厄运
death by misadventure UK legal
■the official term used in court for an death that happens by accident 意外致死，意外死亡
• The coroner recorded a verdict of death by misadventure. 验尸官所作出的结论是意外致死。
n. 灾难；不辛遭遇
 - disaster, tragedy, calamity, meltdown

Word: minibus
Front: minibus
[ˈmɪnibʌs] (高 27815/15504 -1)
Back: n. 小型公共汽车，小巴
分布：小型公共汽车(91%)，小面包车(9%)
→mini-,小的，迷你，bus,巴士。minibus 小巴，中巴
小公共汽车(mini+bus公共汽车)[mini-表示"小"]
noun countable
■a small bus in which there are seats for about ten people 小型公共汽车；中巴
n. 面包车（等于microbus）；小型公共汽车；中客车
 - microbus

Word: nagoya
Front: nagoya
[nɑ:ˈɡəujɑ:] (-/40946)
Back: 名古屋（日本本州岛中南岸港市）

Word: nobility
Front: nobility
[nəʊˈbɪləti] (雅 12102/7320 -1)
Vocabulary: nobility
(once / 418 pages)
n
Nobility refers to a privileged class of people — often receiving hereditary titles — also called the aristocracy. You know the type. They hang around manors and castles, or curry favor at court.
In the United states, there is no official class system, so there is no official noble class, or nobility. But nobility is also a synonym for nobleness — elevation of morals, ideals, or behavior. So if you have friends who always behave with generosity, honesty, and integrity, you may be surrounded by nobility — even if you don’t hang out with lords, baronesses, dukes, or ladies.
WORD FAMILY
nobility: nobilities+/ ennoble: ennobled, ennoblement, ennobles, ennobling/ennobling: ennoblingly/ noble: ennoble, nobility, nobleness, nobler, nobles, noblest, nobly/nobleness: noblenesses/nobly: noblys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then he executes the old regime’s nobility, judges and financiers.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
And while sportsmanship guardians will admonish me for saying this, it’s disingenuous to expect too much nobility in a sport that requires such viciousness.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
‘Dream’ has all the same qualities of those pieces: the eloquence, the excitement, the nobility.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 贵族阶级; 高贵的身分[出身]; 高尚，崇高; 庄严，雄伟
分布：贵族(80%)，高尚(20%)
→来自noble,高贵的。
US [noʊ'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun
MORAL 道德的
uncountable
■honesty, bravery and unselfishness 高尚，伟大，崇高
• nobility of spirit/purpose 精神／目标的崇高
UK [nəʊ'bɪl.ə.ti] US [noʊ'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun
HIGH RANK 贵族阶层
the nobility only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■the people of the highest social rank in a society, considered as a group （总称）贵族
• members of the nobility 贵族成员
n. 贵族；高贵；高尚
 - prince, noble, dignity

Word: norilsk

Word: normalise

Word: ode
Front: ode
[əʊd] (宝 19653/16168)
Vocabulary: ode
(once / 892 pages)
n
An ode is a kind of poem, usually praising something. A famous example is John Keats' "Ode on a Grecian Urn." Apparently, Keats was really into urns.
An ode is a form of lyric poetry — expressing emotion — and it's usually addressed to someone or something, or it represents the poet's musings on that person or thing, as Keats' ode tells us what he thought as he looked at the Grecian urn. The word ode comes from a Greek word for "song," and like a song, an ode is made up of verses and can have a complex meter.
WORD FAMILY
ode: odes, odist+/odist: odists
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the photographer and many of his admirers, these portraits were an ode to the “age of innocence.”
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
José Andrés is moving America Eats Tavern, his ode to historic American recipes, from Tysons Corner to Georgetown next year.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
For fun: The Toast's 2013 ode to the best line readings in When Harry Met Sally ...
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 颂诗，颂歌
分布：赋(56%)，颂诗(44%)
→来自拉丁语ode,颂诗，颂歌，来自希腊语aeidein,唱，吟唱，来自weid,唱，歌颂，可能来自拟声词，词源同comedy.
颂歌[od=song,表示"歌曲"]
【记】读：old，特别老的诗歌－长诗
US [oʊd] noun countable
■a poem expressing the writer's thoughts and feelings about a particular person or subject, usually written to that person or subject 颂诗；颂歌
• 'Ode to a Nightingale' and 'Ode on a Grecian Urn' are poems by Keats. 《夜莺颂》和《希腊古瓮颂》是济慈创作的诗篇。
n. 赋；颂歌；颂诗
 - epithalamion, mantra

Word: ostrich
Front: ostrich
[ˈɒstrɪtʃ] (宝 18490/20008 -1)
Back: n. 鸵鸟; 逃避现实的人
分布：驼鸟(78%)，驼鸟般的人(22%)
→来自拉丁语ostrica,鸵鸟。因鸵鸟在遇到危险时喜欢把头扎进沙子里面，因此引申词义逃避现实的人。
US ['ɑ:.strɪtʃ] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a very large bird from Africa which cannot fly 鸵鸟
• The ostrich is the fastest animal on two legs. 鸵鸟是跑得最快的两足动物。
UK ['ɒs.trɪtʃ] US ['ɑ:.strɪtʃ] noun countable
PERSON 人 informal
■someone who says that a problem does not exist, because they do not want to deal with it 逃避现实者，不愿正视现实者
• If you're an ostrich about your debts, you're only going to make matters worse: it would be much better to take your head out of the sand and face facts, however unpleasant. 如果你不愿正视自己的债务问题，只会让事情变得更糟糕：不管有多么令人不快，勇敢抬起头来正视现实会好得多。

Word: nudity
Front: nudity
[ˈnju:dəti] (13839/21403)
Back: n. 裸体; 裸露
分布：裸露(100%)
US ['nu:.də.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when people are not wearing clothes 赤裸，裸体
• The film was criticized for its excessive violence and nudity. 这部电影由于存在过多的暴力和裸露镜头而遭受批评。
n. [生物] 裸露；裸体像
 - bareness, nuda

Word: nub
Front: nub
[nʌb] (21059/20916)
Vocabulary: nub
(once / 13386 pages)
n
A nub is a little piece of something, especially one that sticks out. The raised rubber buttons on your TV remote control are nubs.
Tiny lumps or bits are nubs, like the nubs on tree branches that will become buds in the spring, or the nubs on a crocheted blanket, little woven bumps. Another kind of nub is the heart or essence of something: one incriminating piece of evidence might be the nub of a judge's decision in a case. The "lump" meaning is older, stemming from knob, while the "essence" meaning dates from the nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
nub: nubby, nubs+/nubby: nubbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The basic shape is nothing pyrotechnic, but, as usual with Mr. Piano, the nub is in the details and in the light.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The girls, impoverished and orphaned, had worked their previous No. 2’s down to the nubs.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
That in a nutshell is the nub of the thesis of the book.
Slate(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 小块; 瘤; 结节; 要点
分布：要点(43%)，核心(38%)，小肿块(19%)
→来自knob的方言变体，引申词义结，把手，中心。
noun only singular
■the most important or basic part of something 要点；核心
• What do you think is the nub of the problem? 你认为这个问题的核心是甚么？
n. 要点；小块，结节；瘤；残根
 - main, core, node, heart, kernel

Word: pedestal
Front: pedestal
[ˈpedɪstl] (宝 10518/14410 -1)
Vocabulary: pedestal
(once / 1403 pages)
n
A pedestal is a base or foundation that supports something like a statue or work of art. Think of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. where a statue of Lincoln sitting in a chair is raised up on a huge pedestal.
Think of the physical stand or support when you use pedestal figuratively to mean a place of superiority. If you put someone on a pedestal, you honor that person or place him or her above you, as you might a piece of valued art. If you want to knock someone off his or her pedestal, you think that person is too arrogant and you want to do something to humble him or her.
WORD FAMILY
pedestal: pedestals
USAGE EXAMPLES
For women candidates, “that fall from the pedestal may be longer and harder,” said Dittmar.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
For a creative industry, Hollywood doesn’t exactly put creativity on a pedestal.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Many of the masks are “kinetic,” set into rocking motion on their pedestals with a light touch.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 底座，基座; 根底，基础; [机]托轴架; 受人尊敬的地位
v. 搁在架上; 支持; 给…加台脚
分布：底座(70%)，基架(14%)，搁在台上(8%)，颂扬(4%)，受人尊敬的地位(4%)
→来自意大利语piedestallo,基座，脚座，来自pie,脚，词源同foot,de,的，stallo,站立，词源同stall.后拼写通俗化。
【记】ped脚，儿童，estal安置－安置在脚下的东西－基座。
noun countable
■a long thin column which supports a statue, or a tall structure like a column on which something rests 基座，底座
• In the riot, the statues were toppled from their pedestals. 在暴乱中，雕像被人从底座上推了下来。
• A flower arrangement in a large basket stood on a (flower) pedestal in the corner of the room. 一束花插在一个大篮子里，放在房间角落的花座上。
['ped.ə.stəl] noun countable
knock sb off their pedestal
■to show people that someone is not as perfect as they seem to be 使某人威信扫地，揭开某人的疮疤
• This recent scandal has really knocked the President off his pedestal. 最近的丑闻确实把总统从神圣的宝座上打落下来。
['ped.ə.stəl] noun countable
put sb on a pedestal
■to believe that someone is perfect 把（某人）当作偶像；把（某人）奉为完人
n. 基架，基座；基础
 - elements, basis, base, sole, radical
vt. 搁在台上；支持；加座
 - encourage, carry, second, back, hand

Word: pollen
Front: pollen
[ˈpɒlən] (托宝 9612/12676 -1)
Vocabulary: pollen
(once / 1393 pages)
n
Pollen is the grainy stuff inside a flowering plant that makes it possible for the plant to reproduce. Insects, birds, people, and the wind help to spread pollen between plants.
When pollen spreads to the female part of a plant, it germinates, or begins the process of growing a new plant. When pollen spreads like this, it's called pollination, and it's how plants reproduce. Pollen is great for plants but not so great if you have hay fever, an allergy to pollen. The first meaning of pollen was "fine flour," which is what pollen looks like.
WORD FAMILY
pollen: pollens, pollinate +/ pollinate: pollinated, pollinates, pollinating, pollination, pollinator/pollinated: self-pollinated/pollinating: self-pollinating/ pollination: pollinations, self-pollination/pollinator: pollinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in still another, a king’s daughter is said to be “as blond as lily pollen and the slightly gilded silver of ancient altar vases.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A sausage pie sported traces of fennel pollen and dollops of ricotta among the crumbled meat and melting pools of mozzarella.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Grass pollen is usually too large to enter the small airways of the lungs, Mr. Newbigin said.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 花粉; [虫]粉面
vt. 传授花粉给; 用花粉掩盖
分布：花粉(99%)，授粉给(1%)
→来自拉丁语pollen,谷物粉，面粉，来自pel,面粉，粉末，粉尘，词源同polenta,powder.后引申词义花粉。
US ['pɑ:.lən] noun uncountable
■a powder produced by the male part of a flower, which is carried by insects or the wind and causes the female part of the same type of flower to produce seeds 花粉

Word: predicate
Front: predicate
[ˈpredɪkət] (13700/16076)
Vocabulary: predicate
(once / 2179 pages)
1vn 2nv
The predicate is the part of a sentence that includes the verb and verb phrase. The predicate of "The boys went to the zoo" is "went to the zoo."
We change the pronunciation of this noun ("PRED-uh-kit") when we turn it into a verb ("PRED-uh-kate"). The verb predicate means to require something as a condition of something else, and we use this term mostly in connection with logic, mathematics, or rhetoric. To predicate your argument on certain facts is to use those facts as evidence.
WORD FAMILY
predicate: predicated, predicates, predicating, predication, predicative, predicator+/predication: predications/predicative: predicatively/predicator: predicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Curiously, though, Trump’s priorities seem predicated on the premise that the U.S. economy is still circling the drain.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The Chiefs’ run defense is predicated on their defensive front occupying offensive linemen long enough for the linebacker crew to dart in and plays.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The Chargers then pursued a combined stadium and convention center in downtown San Diego, predicated on an increased hotel tax.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 断言，断定; 宣布，宣讲; 使基于
vi. 断言，断定
n. 谓语; 述语
adj. 谓语的; 述语的
时态：predicated, predicating, predicates
分布：谓语的(29%)，断定(20%)，述语(18%)，基于(16%)，宣称(11%)，意味(6%)
→来自拉丁语praedicare,预测，断言，声称，来自prae,在前，早于，dicare,说，声称，词源同diction.并引申诸相关词义。
断定,认定(pre+dic+ate→预先说→断定)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
US [-kɪt] specialized
■in grammar, the part of a sentence which contains the verb and gives information about the subject 谓语
• In the sentence 'We went to the airport', 'went to the airport' is the predicate. 在 We went to the airport 这句话中，went to the airport 是谓语。
verb transitive /ˈpred.ɪ.keɪt/ formal
■to state that something is true 断言，断定，肯定
• [+ that] It would be unwise to predicate that the disease is caused by a virus before further tests have been carried out. 在进一步化验前就断言这种病由病毒引起是不明智的。
be predicated on sth
■If an idea or argument is predicated on something, it depends on the existence or truth of this thing 基于，取决于
• The sales forecast is predicated on the assumption that the economy will grow by four per cent. 销售预测是基于经济将会增长4％这一假设之上的。
vi. 断言，断定
 - protest, conclude
n. 谓语，述语
 - adnex

Word: porridge
Front: porridge
[ˈpɒrɪdʒ] (高四六宝 18724/11936 -1)
Vocabulary: porridge
(once / 2510 pages)
n
Porridge is a thick, warm type of food similar to oatmeal. It's often a breakfast food.
When you boil oats in milk or water, the end result of porridge. Porridge is served in a bowl and eaten with a spoon. It’s usually served for breakfast and is famous for appearing in the fairy tale of Goldilocks. Porridge is the food that's too hot, too cold, and then just right.
WORD FAMILY
porridge: porridges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Putting porridge on the menu at Canlis was a gutsy move, but Brady Williams upends expectations right and left.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“But in this porridge, there is no fat,” he added.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Scientists say the food was a kind of porridge, acting as the staple diet when there was no meat from hunting.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 粥; 麦片粥; 稀饭; 肉汤
分布：粥(85%)，麦片粥(15%)
→改写自pottage,浓汤，肉汁，词源同pot.可能是受中古英语porray(韭菜汤)影响，来自拉丁语porrum,韭菜。引申词义面糊，粥。
【记】po破，rri，dge读：纸－把纸撕破了就像麦片
US ['pɔ:r-] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物 mainly UK (US usually oatmeal)
■a thick soft food made from oats boiled in milk or water, eaten hot for breakfast 燕麦粥，麦片粥
UK ['pɒr.ɪdʒ] US ['pɔ:r-] noun uncountable
PRISON 监狱 UK slang
■a period of time spent in prison 关押，监禁
• He did ten years porridge for armed robbery. 他因持械抢劫服了十年刑。
n. 粥，糊；麦片粥
 - parridge, conjee

Word: precipice
Front: precipice
[ˈpresəpɪs] (雅宝 18876/19602)
Vocabulary: precipice
(once / 481 pages)
n
Cartoon characters often end up on a precipice, the edge of a steep cliff, where their chubby toes curl and cling as they totter and eventually fall, making a hole in the ground below and getting up again. Most real people avoid precipices.
Unless you're a skilled climber or mountain-sport enthusiast, a precipice is a scary thing. Some imagine falling off and making the sharp drop, while others get dizzy just thinking about looking down. This makes sense, considering that the 17th-century English word precipice comes, through French, from Latin words meaning "headlong" and even "abrupt descent." In modern use, precipice also describes how it feels to fall, or fail, in areas of life that don't involve mountains, such as being "on the precipice of losing everything."
WORD FAMILY
precipice: precipices, precipitous +/ precipitous: precipitously, precipitousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He thought the Trojans were on the precipice.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Goldberg predicts we are on the precipice of an ’80s-style anti-feminist backlash, and reminds readers of how dark those times were.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
The country was on the precipice of seismic change.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 悬崖，峭壁
分布：绝壁(42%)，险境(29%)，断崖(29%)
→pre-,在前，-cip,头，词源同cap,captain.即头在前，一头栽下，引申词义陡坡，陡崖，悬崖等。
峭壁(pre+cipice头→在前面是尽头→峭壁)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
悬崖(pre前＋cipice头→前面是尽头→悬崖)[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
悬崖(pre前面+cip头+ice...前面就是尽头...悬崖)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【记】pre前面，cip落下，ice－前面突然落下－悬崖
【反】level（adj 平坦的）
noun countable
■a very steep side of a cliff or a mountain 悬崖，峭壁
• The film opens with a shot of a climber dangling from a precipice. 电影开始时是一个登山者悬在峭壁上的镜头。
■a dangerous situation which could lead to harm or failure 险境，危局
• This latest tax increase may push many small companies over the financial precipice. 最近的这次增税可能会使许多小公司的财务陷入险境。
n. 悬崖；绝壁；险境
 - escarpment, krantz

Word: ponderous
Front: ponderous
[ˈpɒndərəs] (托雅宝 19347/19447 -1)
Vocabulary: ponderous
(once / 1169 pages)
adj
When you call Frankenstein ponderous, it's not because he likes to ponder the great questions of life. It's because he moves like a Mack truck, only slower and less gracefully.
Ponderous also describes a person's manner, or their manner of speaking. If it does, this is a person you will want to avoid. They're solemn, speak slowly about things that are boring, and get to the punchline of a joke about seven years after anyone with half a brain has figured it out for themselves.
WORD FAMILY
ponderous: ponderosity, ponderously, ponderousness+/ponderosity: ponderosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the film is ponderous, the performances mostly subdued.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Anyway, thanks for dragging some of the realities of this ponderous issue into the daylight but it needs to be done.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But when he replaced Blair in an uncontested succession, he proved ponderous and inept, and went down to defeat in the ensuing election.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉重的; 笨重的; 呆板的; 沉闷的
分布：笨重的(55%)，乏味的(29%)，笨拙的(16%)
→来自拉丁语pondus的所有格形式ponderis,重量，重物，来自pendere,悬挂，称量，词源同pendulum,depend.引申词义有重量的，笨重的，缓慢的。
重的,笨重的(ponder重+ous)[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
【记】pond重量，er，ous多－有很多重量的－笨重的
【反】gossamer（adj 轻而薄的）；lively（adj 轻快活泼的）；ethereal（adj 轻的）slight（adj 轻微的）；vibrant（adj 轻快活泼的）；brisk（adj 轻快的）；
US ['pɑ:n.dɚ-] formal mainly disapproving
adjective
■slow and awkward because of being very heavy or large （因重或大而）行动迟缓的，笨拙的
• He had a rather slow and ponderous manner. 他的举止缓慢而笨拙。
■If a book, speech or style of writing or speaking is ponderous, it is boring because it is too slow, long or serious （书、讲话或写作风格）严肃而乏味的，呆板的，生硬的
• The ponderous reporting style makes the evening news dull viewing. 沉闷的播音风格使晚间新闻看起来很乏味。
adj. 笨重的；沉闷的；呆板的
 - mechanical, wooden, dead, cumbersome

Word: proportionate
Front: proportionate
[prəˈpɔ:ʃənət] (19560/15394 -1)
Vocabulary: proportionate
(once / 1029 pages)
adj
When things are in proportion, they are proportionate — their relative magnitudes are in balance and make sense the way they are. When the punishment fits the crime, it's proportionate.
Artists, designers, architects, and plastic surgeons are all people who care deeply about whether things are proportionate. After all, if you give someone a nose job and their nose turns out too small, it won't look proportionate. And that's just in the visual sense. The old adage "No use crying over spilled milk" is just a way of saying that tears aren't proportionate to such a minor accident. Tears are proportionate when you crash your car, lose your fortune, or don't get into college.
WORD FAMILY
proportionate: disproportionate, proportionately, proportionateness+/ disproportionate: disproportionately
USAGE EXAMPLES
Returning to Obama’s punishments: Are they proportionate to Putin’s offense?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The rookie deals will be proportionate to the salary cap, either rising or falling as that does.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
“The response of the army to the attacks on security forces six weeks ago went far beyond what was necessary and proportionate,” said Patel.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 成比例的; 相称的; 适当的
vt. 使…成比例; 使相称; 使相当; 使适应
分布：相称的(36%)，成比例的(34%)，使相称(15%)，使成比例(15%)
→来自proportion,比例，匀称。
adj. 成比例的；相称的；适当的
 - suitable, adequate, appropriate, relative, becoming
vt. 使成比例；使相称
 - balance, symmetrize

Word: prima
Front: prima
['pri:mə] (27340/35916)
Back: adj. <意>第一的; 光皮; 初波
分布：第一的(50%)，主要的(50%)
adj. （意）第一的，主要的
 - premier, major, central, leading, great

Word: pretender
Front: pretender
[prɪˈtendə(r)] (21892/19594 -1)
Back: n. 觊觎高位者; 冒牌学者
分布：觊觎王位者(40%)，冒充者(30%)，妄想者(30%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a person who states they have a right to the high position that someone else has, although other people disagree with this 妄想者，觊觎者
• The rebel forces are led by the pretender to the throne (= person who wants to replace the present king or queen). 叛军由觊觎王位者率领。

Word: preview
Front: preview
[ˈpri:vju:] (高宝 7529/11861 -2)
Vocabulary: preview
(once / 908 pages)
nv
A preview gives you a look at something that hasn't been released yet. You see lots of previews at the movies.
If you've been to a movie lately, chances are you saw plenty of previews — little highlights of upcoming movies that are designed to make you want to see them. Any little snippet designed to get you excited about something to come can be called a preview. If you're writing a novel, you could give someone a preview by reading them a few lines. And you're lucky enough to see a show before it opens to the public, you're previewing it.
WORD FAMILY
preview: previewed, previewing, previews+/ interview: interviewed, interviewee, interviewer, interviewing, interviews/interviewee: interviewees/interviewer: interviewers/ overview: overviews/ review: reviewed, reviewer, reviewing, reviews/reviewer: reviewers/ view: interview, overview, preview, review, viewable, viewed, viewer, viewing, viewless, views/viewer: viewers/viewing: viewings/viewless: viewlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last spring the band rolled into Le Poisson Rouge to provide a tantalizing preview of its third album, “The Constant,” which was released in August.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Petrino did not identify the players during a Friday news conference previewing the No. 15 Cardinals’ Citrus Bowl game against No. 19 LSU.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The Bachelor” is back with a preview special.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 试映，预演; 预告片; 象征，预示
vt. 预映; 预先观看; 概述; 扼要介绍
时态：previewed, previewing, previews
分布：预告(34%)，试映(23%)，预习(22%)，事先查看(15%)，预审(6%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，view,看。
noun countable
■an opportunity to see something such as a film or a collection of works of art before it is shown to the public, or a description of something such as a television programme before it is shown to the public 预览；预展；预映；（电视节目等的）预告
['pri:.vju:] verb intransitive or transitive
■to be shown or to describe something before it officially begins 预先播映（或展示），预告
• Miller's new play is previewing (= being performed publicly before it officially opens) at the Theatre Royal tomorrow. 米勒的新剧将于明天在皇家剧院预演。
• On page 11, Sally Gaines previews next week's films on TV. 在第11页，萨莉•盖恩斯介绍了下周将在电视上播出的电影。
vt. 预览；预演；事先查看
 - rehearse

Word: retro
Front: retro
[ˈretrəʊ] (14221/34677 -1)
Vocabulary: retro
(once / 10697 pages)
adjn
Retro things imitate a style from the past. A retro diner might serve 1950s-style milkshakes and be decorated like a diner from that era, but the prices will be much more modern.
If you like retro clothes, you probably shop online and at thrift shops, where you can find pants from the 70s and prom dresses from the 50s. Retro music is heavily influenced by past genres, like rockabilly or doo-wop. You can also use retro as a noun: "I'm really into retro when it comes to cars." The word was first used in the 1970s in French, rétro, short for rétrograde, from the Latin retrogradi, "move backward."
WORD FAMILY
retro: retros
USAGE EXAMPLES
DeVoto’s view of gender equality is delightfully retro to his fans but no doubt offensive to some feminists.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sonically, it’s Best Coast in classic retro form, evoking a Phil Spector girl group; lyrically it’s a boilerplate message about the power of imagination.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Retro Gaming Computers Limited is also embroiled in a dispute with two former directors, who are no longer involved in the project but remain shareholders.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 制动火箭，减速火箭; （服装式样等）重新流行; 复旧，怀旧
adj. 复古的; 怀旧的
分布：重新流行(78%)，表示“向后”、“回归”、“在后面”(22%)
US [-roʊ] adjective
■similar to styles, fashions, etc. from the past 怀旧的；重新流行的；模仿过去式样的
• retro clothes/music 怀旧服装／音乐
• a retro style 重新流行的款式
• Inside, the decor is very retro. 室内的装修格调具有非常浓厚的复古韵味。

Word: roughshod
Front: roughshod
[ˈrʌfʃɒd] (26438/32907)
Back: adj. 铁蹄上装有防滑钉的
分布：残暴的(50%)，铁蹄上装有防滑钉的(25%)，残暴地(25%)
→rough,粗糙的，shod,穿鞋子的，自 shoe 的过去分词形式。原指马掌，引申词义践踏，蹂躏。
adj. 马蹄上装有防滑钉的；冷酷无情的
 - hard, coldhearted

Word: proscribe
Front: proscribe
[prəˈskraɪb] (托宝 21822/20475)
Vocabulary: proscribe
(once / 2075 pages)
v
To proscribe something is to forbid or prohibit it, as a school principal might proscribe the use of cell phones in class.
Proscribe sounds similar to the word prescribe, but be careful: these words are essentially opposite in meaning. While proscribe means forbid, prescribe is used when a doctor recommends a medicine or remedy. Of course, if you want an excuse for not following your doctor’s orders, you could say you were confused about the meaning of these two words — but that would be lying, which is proscribed by most people’s value systems. And it would also be bad for your health.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
prescribe / proscribe
Warning! These similar sounding words have very different meanings. To prescribe is to recommend and to proscribe is to forbid. One little letter makes a big difference.
Prescribe is the more common word, and it's often used at the doctor's office. When a doctor jots down a prescription, she prescribes a drug to heal the patient. To prescribe also means to recommend something in an official way. Here are some examples of the word used correctly:
"If physicians want to help their patients, they need to prescribe affordable versions of accepted medical interventions." (Forbes)
"We are not centralist to the point where we prescribe what they spend on player wages, transfer fees." (Washington Times)
Leave proscribe to the pros. Proscribe is a rare and more formal word, meaning to forbid something or to demand a stop to it. It's often used in the phrase "a proscribed organization," such as a terrorist group that an official has demanded an end to. Here are some other examples:
"In contrast, laws in some European nations proscribe and even criminalize various forms of 'hate speech.'" (Reuters)
"The Constitution proscribes government discrimination on the basis of race, and state-provided education is no exception." (Washington Post)
If you're tempted to get them mixed up, think of the "e" in "prescribe for me," and the "o" in "Oh no, don't for proscribe."
WORD FAMILY
proscribe: proscribed, proscribes, proscribing, proscription+/proscription: proscriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
So these images may describe our past, but they needn’t proscribe our future.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
There were executioners to quiet those whom the Emperor proscribed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
For any other occasion or milestone, we scrupulously avoid fasting, proscribed in our religion as a sin.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 正式宣布（某事物）有危险或被禁止
时态：proscribed, proscribing, proscribes
分布：禁止(43%)，放逐(26%)，排斥(21%)，剥夺…的公权(10%)
→pro-,在前，提前，-scribe,写，词源同describe,prescribe.即写在前面的话，说在前面的丑话，引申词义禁令，禁止。
【记】pro前，scribe写－写在前面－禁止
【参】prescribe（v 开处方）；circumscribe（v 限制；限定）
【反】permit（v 许可）；sanction（v 批准）
US [proʊ-] formal
verb transitive
■(of a government or other authority) to not allow something （政府或其他权力机构）禁止
• The Broadcasting Act allows ministers to proscribe any channel that offends against good taste and decency. 《广播法》允许部长们有权取缔任何违背雅趣和体统的频道。
• The Athletics Federation have banned the runner from future races for using proscribed drugs. 运动员联盟因其使用违禁药品而禁止该赛跑选手参加今后的比赛。
vt. 剥夺……的公权；禁止
 - bar, inhibit

Word: romany

Word: seaboard
Front: seaboard
[ˈsi:bɔ:d] (21605/20752)
Back: n. 沿海地区，海滨
分布：海岸(82%)，沿海地带(10%)，海岸边的(8%)
→sea,海，board,边，面，方向，词源同 starboard,右舷，右侧。
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable usually singular
■the long thin area of a country which is next to the sea; coast 海滨；海岸；沿海地区
• The company owns a chain of hotels along/on the Atlantic seaboard. 这家公司在大西洋沿岸拥有连锁旅馆。
n. 海滨；沿海地方；海岸线
 - shore, oceanfront
adj. 海滨的
 - seashore, littoral

Word: securely
Front: securely
[sɪ'kjʊəlɪ] (托 12442/9820)
Back: adv. 安全地; 牢固地; 被妥善保管地; 有把握地
分布：安全地(44%)，牢固地(42%)，确实地(14%)
US [-'kjʊr-] adverb
PROTECTED 受保护的
■in a way that avoids someone or something being harmed by any risk, danger or threat （尤指物品、处境等）安全的
• The door was securely fastened. 门牢牢地关上了。
• The offices were securely guarded. 办公室的保卫措施很周全。
• This certificate is an important document, and should be kept securely (= in a place where it cannot be lost or stolen). 这张证书是很重要的文件，应该妥善保管。
UK [sɪ'kjʊə.li] US [-'kjʊr-] adverb
FIXED 固定的
■positioned or fastened firmly and correctly and therefore not likely to move, fall or break 牢固地；牢靠地
• Please ensure that your seat belts are fastened securely. 请确保系紧你们的安全带。
• figurative He has given up political power, but he remains securely in control of the army. 他放弃了政治权力，但仍然牢牢掌握着军队的控制大权。
adv. 安全地；牢固地；安心地；有把握地
 - safely, hard

Word: scotia

Word: skeletal
Front: skeletal
[ˈskelətl] (11395/12075)
Back: adj. 骨骼的，骸骨的; 骨瘦如柴的
分布：骨骼的(67%)，骸骨的(22%)，梗概的(11%)
→skeleton,骨骼，骨架，-al,形容词后缀。
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■of or like a skeleton (= frame of bones) 骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的
• Her body was skeletal (= very thin). 她骨瘦如柴。
• He suffered serious skeletal injuries in the accident. 他在事故中骨头严重受伤。
■describes something that exists in its most basic form 轮廓的，最基本的，大概的
• The newspaper report gave only a skeletal account of the debate. 报纸只报道了辩论的大致情况。
adj. [生物] 骨骼的，像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的
 - boned, osteal

Word: sputnik
Front: sputnik
['spʌtnɪk] (-/34843)
Back: n. 人造地球卫星
分布：前苏联人造地球卫星(100%)
→来自俄罗斯语 sputnik,旅伴，伴侣，来自 s-,相伴，一起，put',路，径，词源同 path,-nik,人。 用于命名俄罗斯的人造地球卫星。 随着该词的流行， 也带动了后缀-nik 的流行， 如 beatnik,neatnik,常含贬义。

Word: sol

Word: sly
Front: sly
[slaɪ] (研四六托宝 9698/9181 -1)
Vocabulary: sly
(once / 596 pages)
adj
When you're sly, you're crafty, cunning, tricky, and wily. Being sly is being deceitful, though not in the worst way.
If you're good at lying, you're quite sly: people who are sly are good at pulling one over on other people. Being sly helps you get away with things. If you made a mess in your house but got your parents to blame the dog, that was sly. Being sly means you're not being honest, but this word has kind of a harmless flavor to it. Someone who killed someone and lied about it would not be described as sly. Slyness has to do with smaller, sneakier, more harmless kinds of lying.
WORD FAMILY
sly: slier, sliest, slily, slyer, slyest, slyly, slyness+/slyness: slynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fry’s film is a sly satire that still resonates today.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
As a major architect of funk, George Clinton deserves a place in music history alongside James Brown and Sly Stone.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
At the time, it sounded somewhere between false modesty and sly self-deprecation.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡猾的，狡诈的; 暗中的，偷偷摸摸的; 顽皮的，淘气的; <方>灵活的，巧妙的
分布：狡猾的(73%)，淘气的(17%)，会心的(7%)，诡异的(3%)
→来自中古英语 sly,来自古诺斯语 sloegr,狡猾的，狡诈的，可能来自 Proto-Germanic*slogiz,活 泼的，敏捷的，狡猾的，来自 slak,击打，攻击，词源同 slay,sleight.
a.狡猾的,偷偷摸摸的With his lips the sly fly clipped the slippery slipper that eclipsed his sight.狡猾的苍蝇用嘴唇夹住遮挡他视线的滑拖鞋.
【记】死赖－死赖在你们家要钱－狡诈虚伪的
【反】artless（adj 朴实的）；ingenuous（adj 坦白直率的）
adjective (slyer, slyest)
■deceiving people in a clever way in order to get what you want 狡猾的，狡诈的
• He's a sly old devil - I wouldn't trust him with my money. 他是个老滑头——我不会把钱交付给他的。
[before noun]
■seeming to know secrets 诡秘的
• "You'll find out eventually," said Mary with a sly smile. “你最后就知道了，”玛丽诡秘地笑着说。
[slaɪ] noun
on the sly
■If you do something on the sly, you do it secretly because you should not be doing it 暗中，偷偷地
• He drives his mother's car on the sly while she's at work. 他趁母亲上班的时候偷开她的汽车。
sly, cunning
这组词都有“狡猾的”的意思，其区别是：
sly: 指竭力掩饰其意图，靠蒙混或表里不一等隐蔽手法达到个人目的。
cunning: 指凭诡计达到狡诈的目的。
adj. 狡猾的；淘气的；诡密的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, tricky

Word: squirt
Front: squirt
[skwɜ:t] (托 14682/18841 -1)
Back: vt. 喷射，喷湿; 注射
vi. 喷出
n. 喷，细的喷流; 注射器; 傲慢无礼的年轻人; 喷气式飞机
时态：squirted, squirting, squirts
分布：喷出(41%)，水枪(35%)，注射(14%)，注射器(5%)，溅迸(5%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。
US [skwɝ:t] verb
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■(to force a liquid) to flow out through a narrow opening in a fast stream （使）（液体）喷射，喷涌
• He squirted some tomato sauce on his burger. 他往自己的汉堡上挤了些蕃茄酱汁。
• There was a leak in one of the pipes and water was squirting out all over the kitchen floor. 有根管子漏了，厨房地上喷得到处都是水。
transitive
■to hit someone or something with a liquid or gas （用液体或气体）向…喷射
• She was squirting the neighbours with a water pistol. 她正在用玩具水枪朝邻居们喷水。
UK [skwɜ:t] US [skwɝ:t] noun countable
LIQUID 液体
■an amount of liquid or gas that is squirted out 喷出的液体（或气体）
• The door should stop squeaking once I've given it a few squirts of oil. 我给门上点油它就不会再嘎吱响了。
UK [skwɜ:t] US [skwɝ:t] noun countable
PERSON 人 old-fashioned
■a young or small person who you don't consider to be important and who has behaved rudely towards you 小毛孩子；无足轻重的人；妄自尊大的（年轻）人
• I caught my neighbour's son writing graffiti on our wall, the little squirt. 邻居的儿子在我们的墙上乱写乱画时被我逮个正着，这个小东西。
n. 喷射； [医] 注射
 - injection, emission, jet
vi. 喷出
 - belch out, spout out

Word: sleepless
Front: sleepless
[ˈsli:pləs] (14593/14470 -1)
Back: adj. 失眠的，睡不着的; 不眠的，醒着的; 无休止的; 警觉的
分布：无眠的(49%)，睡不着的(34%)，警觉的(17%)
→sleep,睡觉，睡眠，-less,无，没有。
adjective [before noun]
■without any sleep 失眠的，不能成眠的
• I've spent so many sleepless nights worrying about him. 好几个夜晚我因为担心他而夜不能眠。
[after verb]
■not able to sleep 失眠的，无法入睡的
• Alone and sleepless, she stared miserably up at the ceiling. 她孤枕难眠，痛苦地盯着天花板。
adj. 失眠的；不休息的；警觉的；永不停息的
 - insomnic, wakeful

Word: staircase
Front: staircase
[ˈsteəkeɪs] (研四六托 7028/5445 -1)
Back: n. 楼梯; 楼梯间
分布：楼梯(100%)
→stair,楼梯，case,箱子，框架。
n.(stairway)楼梯I hear someone coming down the staircase.我听到有人下楼梯.
US ['ster-] noun countable
■a set of stairs inside a building usually with a bar fixed on the wall or onto vertical poles at the side for you to hold on to （建筑物内通常带有扶手的）楼梯
• She descended the sweeping (= long and wide) staircase into the crowd of photographers and journalists. 她走下又长又宽的楼梯，来到摄影师和记者中间。
n. 楼梯
 - apples and pears

Word: telltale
Front: telltale
[ˈtelteɪl] (13046/36552)
Vocabulary: telltale
(once / 6762 pages)
adjn
Something that's telltale accidentally relays important information. A wise parent can tell who ate the last of the birthday cake by the telltale chocolate smudges on the culprit's face.
The telltale dark circles under your teacher's eyes betray how little sleep he got last night, and a telltale bulge in a shopper's pocket is sometimes enough for a store owner to suspect she's a shoplifter. If it's telltale, its very presence reveals something. A famous occurrence of telltale, although it's spelled with a hyphen, is Edgar Allen Poe's story "The Tell-Tale Heart," about a murderer who imagines he's betrayed by the telltale beating of his victim's heart.
WORD FAMILY
telltale: telltales
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a telltale sign of someone from poor...
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Beyond such telltales, however, the complexity of the job works against presidential longevity these days.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Wearing the miner’s telltale blue pants with reflective strips on the legs, Prater would be heading underground that night.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 搬弄是非的; （机械装置）起监督作用的; 泄露秘密的; 能说明问题的
n. 搬弄是非者; 指示器; <海>舵角指示器; 警告悬条标（铁路用标志，表示前有旱桥等）
分布：迹象(41%)，告密者(18%)，指示器(13%)，报警的(9%)，搬弄是非的(9%)，无法掩饰的(6%)，泄露内情的(4%)
→tell,告知，tale,故事。比喻用法。
adjective [before noun]
■allowing a secret to become known 泄露秘密的
• She found lipstick on his shirts - the telltale sign that he was having an affair. 她发现他的衬衫上有口红印，这说明他有外遇。
adj. 报警的；泄密的；搬弄是非的
 - mischief-making
n. 迹象； [仪] 指示器；搬弄是非者
 - sign, breath, evidence, indicator

Word: thankless
Front: thankless
[ˈθæŋkləs] (24187/33006)
Back: adj. 吃力不讨好的; 徒劳无功的; <罕>不表示感谢的; 不受人注意的
分布：吃力不讨好(66%)，忘恩的(17%)，不感谢的(17%)
→thank,感谢，-less,无，没有。
adjective
■describes a piece of work which is difficult or unpleasant, and for which people do not thank you 吃力不讨好的；徒劳无功的
• Keeping the children's rooms tidy is a thankless task/job. 保持孩子们的房间整洁是件吃力不讨好的事。
adj. 不感谢的；忘恩的；不领情的
 - ungrateful

Word: unaccustomed
Front: unaccustomed
[ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd] (17468/15483)
Vocabulary: unaccustomed
(once / 1383 pages)
adj
If you're unaccustomed to something, you're not used to it. When you're unaccustomed to riding a horse, it might take a while to get the hang of staying in the saddle.
An unaccustomed knock on the door might startle you and make your dog bark in alarm, and an unaccustomed bonus in your paycheck will come as a happy surprise. You might feel awkward having tea with a princess in a palace if you're unaccustomed to fine dining and dignified table manners. The prefix un here means "not," and it's combined with accustom, with its ultimate Latin root word consuetudinem, "habit, usage, practice, or custom."
WORD FAMILY
unaccustomed: unaccustomedly+/ accustom: accustomed, accustoming, accustoms/ accustomed: accustomedly, unaccustomed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unaccustomed to such an overwhelming case of nerves, I was unable to continue.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
It was Ireland’s first such killing in four years and stunned the residents of Cork, who are unaccustomed to such violence.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Some employees have initially been nervous during the shadowing, unaccustomed to having the CEO staring over their shoulder.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不习惯的; 不寻常的; 奇怪的; 不熟悉的
分布：不习惯的(88%)，异乎惯例的(12%)
adjective
[after verb]
■not familiar with; not accustomed 不习惯的；不适应的
• The weather presented a particular challenge, especially for American servicemen unaccustomed to subarctic conditions. 这种天气尤其对不适应亚北极地区气候的美国军人提出了特别的挑战。
[before noun]
■not usual 不寻常的
• The Olympic and world champion finished in the unaccustomed position of fourth. 这位奥运会冠军和世界冠军表现失常，最后仅仅获得了第四名。
adj. 不习惯的；奇怪的
 - strange, unwonted

Word: thence
Front: thence
[ðens] (24673/11733)
Back: adv. 从那里; 从那时起; 之后; 因此
分布：因此(55%)，从那里(45%)
→then,那，然后，-ce,副词后缀。
[ðents] old-fashioned or formal
adverb
■from there 从那里
• We travelled to my parents' home and thence to my sister's. 我们去了我父母家，又从那里去了我妹妹家。
adv. 从那里；因此；从那时起
 - therefore, hence, accordingly, consequently, thus

Word: tripartite
Front: tripartite
[traɪˈpɑ:taɪt] (21489/16240)
Back: adj. 三重的，分成三部分的; 三方
分布：分成三部分的(60%)，一式三份的(40%)
→tri-, 三，-part,部分，方面，词源同 part,party.
US [-pɑ:r.tˌaɪt] formal
adjective
■involving three people or organizations, or existing in three parts 涉及三方的；包括三部分的
• The minister is to hold tripartite meetings with the oil and car industries to discuss ways of reducing pollution. 部长要和石油、汽车行业人士进行三方会谈，讨论如何减少污染。
• A tripartite agreement brought together government, industry and trade unions in an effort to reduce unemployment. 一项三方协议使政府、企业和工会联合起来，努力减少失业人口。
adj. 三重的；分成三部分的；一式三份的
 - ternary, trinary

Word: unbridled
Front: unbridled
[ʌnˈbraɪdld] (托宝 16628/19749)
Vocabulary: unbridled
(once / 4112 pages)
adj
Unbridled means unrestrained. When you find out that you just won the lottery, feel free to jump up and down with unbridled joy. Go ahead, most people would probably let loose in the same way.
A bridle is the contraption used to control a horse, including the reins held by the rider and the bit that goes into the horse’s mouth. Add the un prefix and it means there is no control. Unbridled is often used to describe people’s emotions or actions and it can be either a good or a bad thing. If you have unbridled spending, you’re in danger of going in debt. If you tackle homework with unbridled enthusiasm, you’re likely going to get good grades.
WORD FAMILY
unbridle: unbridled, unbridles, unbridling+/ bridle: bridled, bridles, bridling, unbridle
USAGE EXAMPLES
Federal and other health officials said unbridled use of antibiotics in animal feed is a serious threat to human health.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Instead Russia entered on Assad’s side, and they decided on their own that unbridled violence would settle the case.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
How will Allen conduct himself when he returns — and absorbs the unbridled scorn of every opposing crowd?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （马等）无辔头的; 不受约束的; 不受控制的; 放纵的
分布：无拘束的(38%)，激烈的(37%)，放纵的(25%)
【记】un不，bridle＝bride（n 新娘），d：没有新娘的－可以放纵的un不，bridle（n 笼子；束缚；v 抑制），d：无法控制的
adjective [usually before noun]
■not controlled or limited 不受控制的；无限的
• unbridled ambition/enthusiasm/lust 无限的野心／热情／激情
adj. 放肆的；无拘束的；激烈的
 - acute, licentious

Word: unbelievable
Front: unbelievable
[ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl] (高 6070/8410 -2)
Vocabulary: unbelievable
(once / 2265 pages)
adj
The word unbelievable describes something that is beyond understanding, like the idea, until the Middle Ages, that the earth might actually be round.
Unbelievable refers to something that seems incredible (Did you hear the story about the guy who was rescued after being stranded at sea for 6 months on a sailboat?), but it can also refer to something that's so unlikely, so improbable, that you're probably not going to be convinced by it (Hey, did you hear the story about the guy who was rescued after being stranded at sea for 6 months with only a log to keep him afloat?).
WORD FAMILY
unbelievable: unbelievably+/ belief: beliefs, disbelief, unbelief /believability: believabilities/ believable: believability, believably, unbelievable / believe: belief, believable, believed, believer, believes, believing, disbelieve, misbelieve/ believer: believers, nonbeliever, unbeliever/believing: believingly, believings, unbelieving/ disbelief: disbeliefs/disbelieve: disbelieved, disbeliever, disbelieves, disbelieving/disbeliever: disbelievers/disbelieving: disbelievingly/misbelieve: misbelieved, misbeliever, misbelieves, misbelieving/misbeliever: misbelievers/nonbeliever: nonbelievers/ unbelief: unbeliefs/unbeliever: unbelievers/unbelieving: unbelievingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Crazy. Unbelievable. The best in the country, for sure,” Harris said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Las Vegas is great at reinventing itself. In fact, they are unbelievable at reinventing themselves for sure,” Lucas said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"A lot of these systems are so easy to fly it's unbelievable," he said.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可相信的; 站不住脚的; （由于太好或太糟而）令人难以置信的; 非常惊人的
分布：难以置信的(100%)
adjective
SURPRISING 惊人的
 ADVANCED
■extremely surprising 令人震惊的，难以置信的
• She eats an unbelievable amount of food. 她的食量惊人。
• You've had such bad luck it's unbelievable. 你的运气这么差，真是令人难以置信。
• You should see her wardrobe - it's unbelievable - she's got about fifty pairs of shoes. 你该看看她的衣柜——真是不可思议——她有大约50双鞋。
[ˌʌn.bɪ'li:.və.bl] adjective
UNLIKELY 不可能的
■unable to be believed because unlikely 不能相信的；离谱的
• I found most of the characters in the play totally unbelievable. 我发现该剧中的大多数角色都完全不可信。
adj. 难以置信的；不可信的
 - incredible, fabulous

Word: unannounced
Front: unannounced
[ˌʌnəˈnaʊnst] (15841/20162 -1)
Back: adj. 未经宣布的; 未通知的
分布：未通知的(48%)，未经宣布的(41%)，未打招呼的(11%)
adjective adverb
■If a person's arrival somewhere is unannounced, it is sudden and unexpected （某人的到来）未通知的（地），未打招呼的（地）；突然的（地）
• She appeared unannounced and took control of the meeting. 她突然出现并控制了会议。
[ˌʌn.ə'naʊntst] adjective
■not made publicly known 未宣布的，未公布的
• The Texan singer will be supported by two other bands, as yet unannounced. 这位德克萨斯歌手将由另外两支乐队伴奏，但还没公布是哪两支乐队。
adj. 突然的；未经宣布的；未通知的
 - sudden, abrupt

Word: underweight
Front: underweight
[ˌʌndəˈweɪt] (23905/32967)
Back: adj. 低于一般重量的，重量不足的
n. 重量不足
分布：重量不足的(50%)，重量不足(50%)
US [-dɚ-] adjective
■Underweight people weigh too little and are too thin 体重不足的；过瘦的
• According to the hospital chart he's four kilos underweight. 照医院的体重表来看，他比标准体重轻四公斤。
Opposite overweight
adj. [医] [贸易] 重量不足的
 - short-weighted
n. [医] [贸易] 重量不足；不符合要求的重量
 - shortage in weight, short weight

Word: undoubted
Front: undoubted
[ʌnˈdaʊtɪd] (32626/11250 -2)
Back: adj. 无疑的，肯定的; 确实的，真正的; 无可置疑
分布：无疑的(100%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective [usually before noun]
■used to emphasize that something is true 无疑的；千真万确的
• She is the undoubted star of British ballet. 毋庸置疑，她是英国的芭蕾巨星。
adj. 无疑的；确实的
 - certain, hard

Word: unrestricted
Front: unrestricted
[ˌʌnrɪˈstrɪktɪd] (托 13301/14811 -1)
Vocabulary: unrestricted
(once / 4619 pages)
adj
When something is unrestricted, it means there are no restrictions placed on it. A restriction is a rule about a way that something can be used.
If your parents give you a generous allowance with the restriction that a portion of it must be donated to charity and another portion saved, you might end up with less money than a friend who has a smaller, but unrestricted, allowance.
WORD FAMILY
unrestricted: unrestrictedly+/ restrict: derestrict, restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictive, restricts/ restricted: restrictedly, unrestricted / restriction: restrictions/ restrictive: nonrestrictive, restrictively, restrictiveness, unrestrictive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many were in the same situation as Baker, who will become an unrestricted free agent March 7 at noon.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Short, who just wrapped up his fourth NFL season, will become an unrestricted free agent on March 9.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s unsure whether Butler, who will become an unrestricted free agent, will be cleared in time to play against the Jags.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受限制的; 无限制的; 自由的; 敞开
分布：无限制的(50%)，不受限制的(50%)
ADJ
不受拘束的；没有限制的
If an activity is unrestricted, you are free to do it in the way that you want, without being limited by any rules.
例：Freedom to pursue extracurricular activities is totally unrestricted...参加课外活动的自由完全不受限制。
例：The Commissioner has absolutely unrestricted access to all the files.特派员可以随意查阅所有文件。
ADJ
完整的；清晰的
If you have an unrestricted view of something, you can see it fully and clearly, because there is nothing in the way.
例：Nearly all seats have an unrestricted view.几乎在所有的座位上都可以看到完整清晰的画面。
adj. 自由的；无限制的；不受束缚的
 - free, unlimited

Word: willed
Front: willed
[wɪld] (-/48464)
Back: adj. 有某种意志的
分布：有某种意志的(100%)

Word: wilhelm

Word: vitriolic
Front: vitriolic
[ˌvɪtriˈɒlɪk] (宝 25761/20893)
Vocabulary: vitriolic
(once / 18101 pages)
1adj 2adj
Mean, nasty, and caustic as the worst acid, vitriolic words can hurt feelings, break hearts, and even lead to violence.
Vitriolic is an adjective related to the noun vitriol — which means a metal sulphate. However, you will most likely NOT hear vitriolic used to describe a chemical reaction. You are more likely to hear vitriolic used to describe caustic words. We've seen some examples in recent political campaigns, and the results are always embarrassing. Avoid using vitriolic language whenever possible, and you will keep your friends — and your dignity.
WORD FAMILY
vitriolic: vitriolically+/ vitriol: vitrioled, vitriolic, vitriols
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Who supports Richard Spencer? … He’s supported by a bunch of online vitriolic trolls.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
DJ Shadow’s video for Nobody Speak, featuring the vitriolic, eviscerating presence of Run the Jewels, was directed by Sam Pilling and produced by Pulse Films.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The Gamergate campaign was at once more vitriolic and more sophisticated than the Sleeping Giants effort seems to be.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 硫酸的; 尖刻的，辛辣的
分布：刻薄的(64%)，硫酸的(27%)，挖苦的(9%)
→来自vitriol,尖刻，尖酸。
刻薄的(vitriol硫酸盐+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【记】vitri玻璃，olic：玻璃是尖的－尖酸刻薄的
【反】soothing（adj 抚慰的）
adj. 硫酸的；刻薄的
 - acid, acrimonious

Word: adventurism
Front: adventurism
[ədˈventʃərɪzəm] (30263/40048)
Back: n. （外交、政治等方面的）冒险主义
分布：冒险主义(100%)

Word: acreage
Front: acreage
[ˈeɪkərɪdʒ] (12753/20656)
Back: n. 英亩数; （总称）（以英亩计的）土地面积; <美> 按英亩出售的土地
分布：英亩数(86%)，以英亩计算的土地面积(14%)
N-VAR
（一大片）耕地;（以英亩计的）土地面积
Acreage is a large area of farm land.
例：He has sown coffee on part of his acreage...他在自家的部分耕地里种上了咖啡。
例：Enormous acreages of soya beans are grown in the United States.美国种植着大片的大豆。
n. 面积， [测] 英亩数
 - area, proportion

Word: yiddish

Word: yate

Word: aquatic
Front: aquatic
[əˈkwætɪk] (托雅宝 8203/10617 -1)
Vocabulary: aquatic
(once / 2806 pages)
adjn
If it has to do with water, it's aquatic. If you prefer your volleyball net in a pool, it sounds like you're into aquatic sports.
The word aquatic comes from the Latin word aqua, which means water. The adjective also describes something that takes place in water. If you are on a swimming or diving team, you can say you are into aquatic sports, which may take place at an aquatic center. If you visit an aquatic garden, you'll see plants that thrive in water like water lilies and lotus flowers.
WORD FAMILY
aquatic: aquatically, aquatics, semiaquatic, subaquatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
A thunderclap sounded around the aquatics stadium and echoed across the food court.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Cook swam for his club team, West Coast Aquatic in Texas.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Officials at Calgary Zoo are perplexed as to how the aquatic birds drowned in the "Penguin Plunge" exhibit and called it "devastating news".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 水生的; 水产的; 水上的; 水中（进行）的
n. 水生动植物; 水上运动
分布：水生动物(50%)，水生的(18%)，水中的(16%)，水草(12%)，水上的(4%)
水的;水中的(aqu水＋atic)[aqu=water,表示"水"]
【参】aqueous（adj 水的，水成的）；aquarium（n 水族馆，玻璃缸）
US [-'kwætˌ-] adjective
■living or growing in, happening in, or connected with water 水栖的；水生的；水上的；水中（进行）的
• aquatic plants 水生植物
• aquatic sports 水上运动
adj. [生物] [化学] [水产] 水生的；水栖的；在水中或水面进行的
 - acquatic, aquicolous

Word: appraise
Front: appraise
[əˈpreɪz] (研六托宝 13123/11554 -1)
Vocabulary: appraise
(once / 1765 pages)
v
When you buy a house someone will need to appraise its value before you can get a mortgage. To appraise something is to figure out its worth in the marketplace, on the field, or in the world of ideas.
To appraise the value of a friendship is difficult, but to appraise the value of your grandfather’s pocket watch — just go to the pawn shop. The verb appraise comes from the Late Latin word appretiare, which means “value” or “estimate.” You can appraise your chances of marrying royalty, which are probably slim. You can also appraise the value of a quarterback on your fantasy football team by looking at the statistics for his completed passes.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
appraise / apprise
To appraise is to estimate the value of something, but remove the second "a," and you have apprise, which means "to tell." If you hire someone to appraise your house, you might have to apprise your family of the fact that you now owe the bank more than your house is worth.
Appraise sounds like "a praise," which is what you hope for when someone appraises you or your three-story colonial.  The crystal ball is cloudy, but appraise probably comes from Middle French (apreis-) and Late Latin (appretiare), meaning to estimate the value or quality of something, such as a house, an employee's performance, or your grandmother's owl pin. Here are some appraises from the world:
The cancelations reflected mortgage applications that were refused or because appraised home values were coming in below the sales price, the group said. (Business Week)
Treasure Hunters Roadshow is visiting El Paso this week appraising all kinds of collectibles. (Treasure Hunters Roadshow)
You can see an etching of the event: King Kalakaua in white tie and tails, appraising a long banquet table. (Washington Post)
Apprise comes from the French apprendre, to learn or inform via the Latin apprendere, to learn. These days apprise means to inform or tell. These examples will apprise you of how to use it:
When asked whether transit officials were apprised of complaints made via 311, the city's help line, Mr. Prendergast struggled to answer. (New York Times)
He took responsibility for not keeping Mr. Bloomberg sufficiently apprised of the cleanup effort. (New York Times)
To keep it straight, if your boss appraises you, you hope for praise! If you apprise someone of a situation, you might also have to advise her on what to do. Apprise — sounds like "a prize" — has another meaning, too, which is to gain in value.
WORD FAMILY
appraise: appraisal, appraised, appraiser, appraises, appraising, reappraise +/ appraisal: appraisals, overappraisal/appraiser: appraisers/appraising: appraisingly/reappraisal: reappraisals/ reappraise: reappraisal, reappraised, reappraising
USAGE EXAMPLES
During a 1992 segment for Entertainment Tonight, Trump appraises a young girl shopping for the holidays with her parents and likes what he sees.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s easy to appraise Jalen Hurts’ by the numbers: The yards, the touchdowns and the wins.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
About an hour later, as the guests finished their meals, Mr. DeMint seized the microphone once more, appraising Mr. Pence’s visit.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 估价; 估计; 估量; 评价，鉴定
时态：appraised, appraising, appraises
分布：评价(80%)，鉴定(12%)，估价(8%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. -praise同price, 价格，即评估。
评估(ap加强动作+praise→给以价值→评估)[prais,preci=value表示"价值"]
【记】ap一再，praise价值－一再体现价值－评估app我怕，raise上升，高：我怕我买的钻石价钱高了，所以要鉴定一下。Appraise后可以praise赞扬
verb transitive
■to examine someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success or needs 评定；鉴定；估价；评价
• At the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked to appraise their own performance. 在每次教学实习结束时，都要求实习教师对自己的表现作自我评定。
• In co-operation with other professionals, social workers will appraise the individual's needs. 社会工作者将与其他专业人士携手合作，对个体的需要作出评估。
• He coolly appraised the situation , deciding which person would be most likely to succeed. 他冷静地审时度势，判断哪个人最可能获得胜利。
US for * value (MONEY)
• The ring was appraised at $40, 000. 这枚戒指估价为四万美元。
evaluate, rate, value, assess, estimate, appraise
这组词都有“估价，估计”的意思，其区别是：
evaluate: 与appraise相似，指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。
rate: 专指评定价值等级的高低。
value: 侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。
assess: 原义指对为确定交多少税而估计，引申指通过估价以便更好利用。
estimate: 通常指由个人作出的主观估价。
appraise: 指以专家身份作了最终精确的估价。
vt. 评价，鉴定；估价
 - value, score, rate, prize

Word: bunk
Front: bunk
[bʌŋk] (雅 8899/12320 -1)
Vocabulary: bunk
(once / 460 pages)
1nv 2n 3v 4n
A bunk is a bed that's built above another bed. Twin sisters might argue nightly over who gets the top bunk.
You might find a bunk bed in a child's bedroom or a train's sleeper car. Sometimes the rough bed in a rustic cabin is also called a bunk — and you could say, "I'll bunk in the cabin tonight." Informally, bunk is also nonsense: "How can you believe that bunk?" The bed meaning is short for bunker, while the "foolishness" definition is from bunkum, named for a politician's long, dull speech in 1820, in Buncombe, North Carolina.
WORD FAMILY
bunk: bunked, bunker, bunking, bunks, debunk +/bunker: bunkered, bunkering, bunkers/ debunk: debunked, debunking, debunks/debunking: debunkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would lie on his bunk until breakfast, then eat and get back on the bunk until lunch.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I got on my stomach, crawled under the bunk, and taped the pole.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
We thought the "task force" bunk would die with the American win at Hazeltine.
Golf Digest(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （车、船等的）铺位; 睡觉处，卧处; 牲口食槽; 空话，废话
vi. 睡在铺上; 合铺，合住
vt. 为…提供铺位
时态：bunked, bunking, bunks
分布：铺位(71%)，睡觉(25%)，为 ... 提供卧铺(4%)
→1.卧铺，词源同bench, 长凳。
noun
BED 床
countable
■a narrow bed that is fixed to a wall, especially in a boat or a train （尤指船或火车的）卧铺，铺位
countable often plural also (bunk bed)
■one of two beds fixed together, one on top of the other （双层床的）床铺
• The twins sleep in bunk beds. 这对双胞胎睡双层床。
• Can I sleep in the top bunk? 我可以在上铺睡吗？
[bʌŋk] noun
NONSENSE 胡说
uncountable (also bunkum) old-fashioned informal
■complete nonsense or something that is not true 胡说；瞎话
• Most economists think his theories are sheer bunk. 大多数经济学家认为他的理论纯粹是胡说。
[bʌŋk] noun
LEAVE 离开
do a bunk UK old-fashioned slang
■to leave suddenly and unexpectedly 溜走；不辞而别
• They'd done a bunk without paying the rent. 他们没付租金就溜了。
[bʌŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bunk down informal
■to sleep 睡觉
• We were able to bunk down in the spare room for the night. 我们得以在空房里睡了一晚。
[bʌŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bunk off (sth) UK informal
■to stay away from school or work or to leave early, especially without permission 逃学；旷工；早退
• A lot of people bunk off early on Friday. 许多人周五提前就开溜了。
• It was a sunny day so they decided to bunk off school. 那天天气晴好，于是他们决定逃学。
n. 铺位；床铺；座床
 - doss
vi. 睡在铺上；逃跑
 - do a guy, make a break for it

Word: bona
Front: bona
['bəʊnə] None
Back: adj. 好之意的
分布：真实的(45%)，真的(33%)，=bona fide.(22%)
adj. 好的（等于good）
 - good, ok, fine, great, bon

Word: biographical
Front: biographical
[ˌbaɪə'ɡræfɪkl] (13287/10542 -1)
Vocabulary: biographical
(once / 1892 pages)
adj
Anything biographical has to do with the story of someone's life. If you're reading a biography of Margaret Mead, you might enjoy learning biographical details, like that she was the oldest of five children.
A biography is a book about someone's life. Anything biographical can be from a biography, as in an actual book about someone, or just facts from a person’s life. Biographical information could be where someone is from, where they grew up, where they went to college, or when they became famous. Biographies are usually written about famous people, but everyone has biographical details about their own lives, too.
WORD FAMILY
biography: biographer, biographical, biographies+/ biographer: biographers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The late Associated Press writer Bob Thomas contributed biographical material.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most writers immediately sprung into biographical mode upon learning of her death, which first was reported by TMZ.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Such questions run up against the central agony of writing about Bach: the paucity of biographical information.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 传记的; 传记体的
分布：传记的(100%)
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■about someone's life 生平
• There was a biographical note about the author on the back of the book. 书的背面有作者的生平简介。

Word: bowman
Front: bowman
[ˈbəʊmən] (19469/23997)
Back: n. 弓箭手，（划船）头桨手
分布：弓箭手(86%)，前桨手(14%)
n. 弓箭手；（划船）头桨手
 - archer, sagittary

Word: catalytic
Front: catalytic
[ˌkætə'lɪtɪk] (17722/13012 -1)
Back: adj. 接触反应的; 起催化作用的
n. 催化剂; 刺激因素
分布：接触反应的(55%)，催化的(45%)
ADJ
(化学物质)起催化作用的，有催化性的
In chemistry, a catalytic substance or a substance with catalytic properties is a substance which increases the speed of a chemical reaction.
例：...carbon molecules with unusual chemical and catalytic properties.具有特殊化学性质和催化性的碳分子
ADJ-GRADED
催化性的；促进性的；刺激性的
If you describe a person or thing as having a catalytic effect, you mean that they cause things to happen or they increase the speed at which things happen.
例：Governments do, however, have a vital catalytic role in orchestrating rescue operations.然而，政府在组织协调救援行动上确实发挥了重要的促进作用。
n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素
 - fuel, activator

Word: condolence
Front: condolence
[kənˈdəʊləns] (雅 13549/19388 -1)
Vocabulary: condolence
(once / 3612 pages)
n
A condolence is an expression of sympathy and sorrow to someone who has suffered a loss, like the letter of condolence you send to a faraway friend who has lost a loved one.
The noun condolence comes from the Late Latin word condole, meaning “to suffer together.” When you offer your condolences to someone who has suffered a loss, you are saying that you share their sadness, that you are there to support and help them. Don't confuse condolence with consolation, which is an attempt to make the person feel better.
WORD FAMILY
condolence: condolences+/ condole: condoled, condolence, condoles, condoling
USAGE EXAMPLES
US President Barack Obama, who is on holiday in Hawaii, offered condolences "for the innocent lives lost" and offered "appropriate assistance".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Obama expressed his condolences and offered assistance to the Turkish authorities.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Messages of condolence will hang on the float along with the words, “To Honor and Remember Orlando.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 同情，吊唁; 哀悼; 慰问
分布：慰问(39%)，吊唁(34%)，哀悼(27%)
→con-, 强调。-dol, 伤心，词源同doleful, indolence.
US [-'doʊ-] noun countable usually plural uncountable
■sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form 吊唁（词）；哀悼（词）
• a letter of condolence 吊唁信
• Dignitaries from all over the world came to offer their condolences. 世界各国的要人都前来吊唁。
n. 哀悼；慰问
 - sympathy, consolation

Word: catchphrase
Front: catchphrase
[ˈkætʃfreɪz] (27875/24759)
Back: n. 醒目的广告用语，（政治宣传中的）标语
分布：标语(61%)，警句(26%)，引人注意的文句(13%)
noun countable
■a phrase which is often repeated by and therefore becomes connected with a particular organization or person, especially someone famous such as a television entertainer 流行语；（尤指电视演艺名人等的）名言
n. 标语，警句
 - slogan, banner

Word: corporatist
Front: corporatist
['kɔ:pərətɪst] (23960/17866)
Back: n. 组合主义者，社团主义者
分布：社团主义的(60%)，各阶级合作的(40%)

Word: crypto
Front: crypto
['krɪptəʊ] None
Back: n. （尤指信仰共产主义的）秘密成员
分布：秘密党员(37%)，秘密赞同者(35%)，秘密的(17%)，密码术的(11%)

Word: convent
Front: convent
[ˈkɒnvənt] (11258/8106 -1)
Vocabulary: convent
(once / 328 pages)
n
A convent is a place where nuns live. Have you decided to dedicate the rest of your life to serving God? Well, then, maybe it’s time for you to consider moving into a convent.
Although convent usually refers to the actual building where nuns live together, it can also sometimes more generally refer to a Christian community that is living according to religious vows. Catholic monks live in communities together in monasteries, while Catholic nuns tend to live in convents.
WORD FAMILY
convent: convents, conventual+/conventual: conventually
USAGE EXAMPLES
New Year's Eve night is spent in prayer vigil, a practice common in many monasteries and convents.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Time was when the older nuns would retire and remain at the convent.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
An email to Queen's, reported by the Belfast Telegraph, said the advice was "like something that would be handed down in a convent".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 女修道院
分布：女修道院(92%)，女修院开办的学校(8%)
→con-, 强调。-ven, 走。走到一起修道的地方，在18世纪以前并没有性别限制。
女修道院(con大家+vent→大家来[修道]→[女]修道院)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
■a building in which nuns (= members of a female religious order) live 女修道院 Compare monastery
UK ['kɒn.vənt] US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
enter a convent
■to become a nun 当修女
n. 女修道院
 - covent, nunnery

Word: contravene
Front: contravene
[ˌkɒntrəˈvi:n] (托宝 24626/14613 -1)
Vocabulary: contravene
(once / 6581 pages)
v
To contravene means to go against or defy. You might contravene your parents' ban on sweets when your friend offers to share her candy because chocolate tastes too good to resist!
If you contravene something in practice, you act in direct violation of a particular law or rule. Think about the times when someone has told you not to cross a line and you do anyway. You can also contravene in words though, which means you contradict or argue against a statement. Let's say you're debating gun control. If your opponent says that for the safety of all, it should be legal to carry a concealed weapon wherever you go, you might answer that the more concealed weapons there are, the more violence. You are contravening your opponent's argument.
WORD FAMILY
contravene: contravened, contravenes, contravening, contravention+/contravention: contraventions
USAGE EXAMPLES
That undermined Iraq’s central government and strengthened the Kurdish quest for greater independence, contravening the stated goals of the United States in Iraq.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
And it helps Beijing reward friendly countries, and punish those who contravene its interests.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
The prisoner swap, initially hailed by Mr Obama, was criticised by others, including Republicans, for contravening policy against negotiating with terrorists.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 抵触，与…不相容; 违反，违背; 否定，反驳
时态：contravened, contravening, contravenes
分布：违反(54%)，相抵触(36%)，否定(10%)
→contra-, 相对，相反。-ven, 走，词源同venue, circumvent.
违反,违背(contra+vene走→反着走→违反)[contra-表示"反对,相反"]
违反(contra+en+e→反着来→违反)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
【记】contra反，vene走－反着你的意思走－违背
【参】intervene（v 干涉）；contravention（n 违反；矛盾）
【反】support（v /n 支持）；buttress（v 支持；n 扶墙）
US [ˌkɑ:n-] formal
verb transitive
■to do something that a law or rule does not allow, or to break a law or rule 违反，违犯（法律或规则）
• This contravenes the Race Relations Act. 这违反了《种族关系法案》。
vt. 抵触；违反；反驳；否认
 - violate, deny

Word: democratise

Word: disloyal
Front: disloyal
[dɪsˈlɔɪəl] (20623/19348)
Back: adj. 不忠诚的，缺乏忠心的; 贰
分布：不忠的(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。loyal, 忠诚的。
adjective
■not loyal; not supporting someone that you should support 不忠诚的，背叛的
• His sisters thought that his autobiography was disloyal to the family. 他的姐姐们认为他的自传是对家人的背叛。
adj. 不忠的；不忠诚的；背叛的
 - treasonable, traitorous

Word: denominator
Front: denominator
[dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(r)] (14371/14414)
Vocabulary: denominator
(once / 12073 pages)
n
Write a fraction like 1/2 and the denominator is the number on the bottom. In this case, the 2.
Another word for denominator is divisor. Both of these words refer to the number under the line in a common fraction. Similarly, when you're talking about statistical values, a denominator refers to the whole number or population from which samples are taken. The national census, for example, gathers the total number of people and households in the country so that there is a denominator by which to compare statistics like unemployment or welfare.
WORD FAMILY
denominator: denominators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The denominator in that rate is the number of persons in the workforce—either employed or looking for work.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
“It is hard to define a common denominator except as resistance of Palestinian population against continuation of the occupation,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Quarterback Carson Palmer sees no common denominator in the road losses.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. <术>分母; 共同特性
分布：分母(96%)，平均水平(4%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-nom, 命名，词源同name. 即命名，同名，用于数学术语分母。参照numerator.
US [-'nɑ:.mə.neɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■the number below the line in a fraction （分数中的）分母
• In the fraction ¾, 4 is the denominator. 在分数3/4中，4是分母。
Compare numerator
n. [数] 分母；命名者
 - namer, nomenclator

Word: drafter
Front: drafter
[ˈdrɑ:ftə(r)] (23887/18052)
Back: n. 起草者
分布：起草者(100%)
n. 起草者；役马（等于draughter）
 - draughthorse

Word: expressive
Front: expressive
[ɪkˈspresɪv] (托 7994/8755 -1)
Vocabulary: expressive
(once / 601 pages)
adj
Big smiles, loud crying, jumping for joy, and making crazy art are all expressive, which is to effectively show feelings.
Anything that communicates thoughts or feelings is expressive. Expressive comes from the French word expres for "clear, plain.” It’s easy to read people who are expressive, their emotions are clear. Smiling, laughing, shouting, crying, and pouting are all expressive. So is art, whether it's music, sculpture, or writing. This is a word that applies to things that communicate. If you're not revealing how you feel, you're not being expressive.
WORD FAMILY
expressive: expressively, expressiveness, inexpressive, unexpressive+/ express: expressage, expressed, expressedly, expresses, expressible, expressing, expression, expressive, expressly /expressed: unexpressed/expressible: expressibly, inexpressible, unexpressible/ expression: expressionism, expressionless, expressions, self-expression/ expressionism: expressionisms, expressionist, expressionistic, neoexpressionism/expressionist: expressionists/expressionless: expressionlessly/inexpressible: inexpressibly/inexpressive: inexpressively/unexpressible: unexpressibly/unexpressive: unexpressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Elephants are smart, sure, but they are also emotionally expressive.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Over a few hours of conversation, he toggled between being marginally expressive and almost poetic.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 表示的，有表现力的，表达的; 意味深长的; 富于表情的; 传神
分布：表达的(64%)，富于表情的(23%)，意味深长的(13%)
【区】expressly（adv 显然地；特意地；专程地）；express（adj 急速的；特殊的；明确的n 快车；快递vt 表达）
adjective
■showing what someone thinks or feels 富于表情的；有表现力的
• an expressive face 富于表情的脸
• expressive hands 丰富生动的手势语言
be expressive of sth formal
■showing a particular feeling 表现出（某种感情）
• The final movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is expressive of joy. 贝多芬第九交响乐的最后乐章表现出了欢乐。

Word: excoriate
Front: excoriate
[ˌeksˈkɔ:rieɪt] (宝 22662/40141)
Vocabulary: excoriate
(once / 10804 pages)
v
When it comes to “telling someone off,” excoriate is reserved for the most severe cases. So, before you excoriate your little sister for borrowing your favorite jacket without permission, consider whether she truly deserves such harsh treatment.
If you excoriate someone, you let that person know that you really, really disagree with them. This verb goes beyond mere criticism; it implies anger, a harsh and insulting tone, and even a scathing attack. Synonyms of excoriate include denounce, decry, and condemn. In a medical sense, excoriate means “to tear skin off by chafing.” A bad rug burn can excoriate your skin. If someone excoriates you verbally, it might make you feel like you’ve been physically excoriated.
WORD FAMILY
excoriate: excoriated, excoriates, excoriating, excoriation +/ excoriation: excoriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Simon & Schuster” became a trending topic on Twitter on Thursday afternoon, as users excoriated the company for the deal.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
They were even clear back in early July, before Mr. Comey excoriated Mrs. Clinton for using a private email server.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Today, Messrs. Trump and Friedman are excoriated for expressing serious intent to move the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 擦伤; 擦破（皮肤）; 剥（皮）; 严厉指责
时态：excoriated, excoriating, excoriates
分布：严厉批评(50%)，撕去皮(50%)
→ex-, 向外。-cor, 切，皮肤，词源同corium, carnal, shear.
剥皮;严厉批评[cori=skin(皮)]
【记】ex出，cor＝core（n 果核；核心）－使核心出来－撕去皮；强烈公开谴责（就像撕去别人一层皮）
【反】extol（v 赞美）；praise lavishly（过分赞扬）；accolade（n 赞美）；flatter（vt 过分夸赞；奉承）
US [-'skɔ:r.i-] formal
verb transitive
■to state the opinion that a play, a book, a political action, etc. is very bad 严厉指责，痛斥（戏剧、书、政治行为等）
• His latest novel received excoriating reviews. 他最新的小说受到严厉的批评。
• The President excoriated the Western press for their biased views. 这位总统痛斥西方新闻界充满偏见的观点。

Word: easterly
Front: easterly
[ˈi:stəli] (27064/20769)
Back: adj. & adv. 东方的（地），东部的（地）; （指风）从东吹来的（地）
分布：在东面的(34%)，向东面的(33%)，从东面来的(33%)
US [-stɚ.li] adjective
■in or towards the east, or blowing from the east 向东方的；在东方的；（风）来自东方的
• They were travelling in an easterly direction. 他们当时正在向东行进。
• The town is in the most easterly part of the country. 这个城镇位于该国的最东部。
easterly wind
■a wind that blows from from the east 东风
UK ['i:.stəl.i] US [-stɚ.li] noun countable
■a wind that blows from the east 东风
n. 东风
 - east wind

Word: epoch
Front: epoch
[ˈi:pɒk] (研六托雅宝 12794/15275 -1)
Vocabulary: epoch
(once / 544 pages)
n
An epoch is a period of time marked by certain characteristics: you might describe several peaceful decades in a nation's history as an epoch of peace.
In geologic time, an epoch is a division of a period, and an age is a division of an epoch. An epoch can also mean the beginning of a new and important period of history, or an event that marks such a period: an epoch in the world of ballet. The noun epoch is from New Latin epocha, from Greek epochē "pause, check, fixed time.
WORD FAMILY
epoch: epochal, epochs+/ epochal: epochally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The song from 1988 reminds me of the necessity of positivity as a force in this relentless epoch of fear.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It boasts lakes and streams dating from the Pleistocene Epoch, 100 species of migratory birds and an active fishery.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Epochs demarcate time on the order of a few million years.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 纪元; 时期; 新时代; 世
分布：时代(64%)，时期(24%)，新纪元(10%)，划时代的大事(2%)
→来自希腊文epekhein, 停止，重新开始。来自epi-, 在上，-ekh, 持，握，词源同scheme, school. 引申文新的时代，纪元。参照汉语的改朝换代。
n.新纪元;时代;时期;【地质】世,纪,期The scorched couch is put in the porch of epoch.被烤焦睡椅放在时代门廊内.
US [-pɑ:k] (plural epochs)
noun countable
■a long period of time, especially one in which there are new developments and great change （尤指出现新进步和大变革的）时代，纪元，时期
• The president said that his country was moving into a new epoch which would be one of lasting peace. 总统说他的国家正在步入一个长治久安的新时代。
times, epoch, age, era, period
这组词都有“时期、时代”的意思，其区别是：
times: 侧重某一特定时期。
epoch: 正式用词，侧重指以某重大事件或巨大变化为起点的新的历史时期。
age: 常指具有显著特征或以某杰出人物命名的历史时代或时期。
era: 书面语用词，指历史上的纪元、年代，可与epoch和age互换，侧重时期的延续性和整个历程。
period: 最普通用词，概念广泛，时间长短不限，既可指任何一个历史时期，又可指个人或自然界的一个发展阶段。
n. [地质] 世；新纪元；新时代；时间上的一点
 - new age, New-Era

Word: fertilise
Front: fertilise
['fɜ:tɪlaɪz] (-/23467)
Back: vt. 施肥于; 使肥沃
时态：fertilised, fertilising, fertilises
分布：施肥于(30%)，使肥沃(28%)，使受精(28%)，=fertilize.(14%)
施肥,授精(fert肥沃...fertile肥沃的)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
vt. 使受精；施肥于；使肥沃
 - enrich, top-dress

Word: foggy
Front: foggy
[ˈfɒgi] (高托 12681/14412 -1)
Vocabulary: foggy
(once / 2682 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something that's foggy is cloudy or murky, filled with fog. A foggy view is blurred and indistinct, just like a foggy mind.
Driving on a foggy road can be tricky, since it's more or less like driving inside a cloud. When the inside of your head feels this way — blurry, clouded, and vague — you can also used foggy in a figurative way: "Her memory grew foggy as the years went by." Experts aren't sure whether foggy or fog came first, but in either case they suspect a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
foggy: foggier, foggiest, foggily, fogginess+/defog: defogging/ fog: defog, fogged, fogging, foggy, fogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But somewhere in that foggy “After Ben” timeline we did.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Discussion of the frequency of a Foggy Christmas seems less common.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Haldeman, his chief of staff, as they walked along a foggy beach one day.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 有雾的; 雾气朦胧的; 模糊的; 混乱的
级别：foggier, foggiest
分布：有雾的(100%)
→来自fog,雾。
US ['fɑ:.gi] adjective
■with fog 有雾的
• a cold, foggy day 寒冷多雾的一天
UK ['fɒg.i] US ['fɑ:.gi] adjective
not have the foggiest (idea) informal
■to not know or understand something at all 完全不明白；一无所知；茫无头绪
• I hadn't the foggiest idea what he was talking about. 我完全不明白他在讲甚么。
adj. 有雾的；模糊的，朦胧的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague

Word: fallow
Front: fallow
[ˈfæləʊ] (托宝 18378/19417)
Vocabulary: fallow
(once / 3081 pages)
adjn
Something that is fallow is left unused. If you’re smart but lazy, someone might say you have a fallow mind.
We use the word to talk about any unused resource, it started as a work about land. Fallow comes from the old English word for plowing, and refers to the practice of leaving fields unplowed in rotation––when a field lies fallow, the soil regains nutrients that are sucked up by over-planting.
WORD FAMILY
fallow: fallows
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Nobody seems to realize that normal rules do not apply when you are interviewing a narcissist,” this behavior expert explains to Fallows.
Salon(Dec 10, 2016)
As the ground lay fallow, families moved on with their lives, settling elsewhere, growing up and growing old.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Animal carcasses included in the ban are white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, moose, caribou, red deer, sitka deer and fallow deer.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 犁过而未播种的，休闲的，（指耕地）未经耕作的
n. 休闲地，休耕地
分布：休耕(56%)，休耕地(17%)，休耕的(12%)，不活跃的(9%)，使休耕(6%)
→来自pel, 转，折叠，词源同fold, ply. 原指犁过的土地，后指犁过但未耕种的土地，最后指现在的词义。
【记】fall low－降低：土地休耕就会导致产量的降低fellow（n 人；家伙；伙伴）站在fallow上玩耍！
【反】in use（在使用）
US [-oʊ] adjective
LAND 土地
■describes land that is not planted with crops, in order to improve the quality of the soil 休耕的
• Farmers are eligible for government support if they let a certain amount of land lie fallow. 如果农民休耕一定面积的土地，他们就能获得政府资助。
UK ['fæl.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
TIME 时间的
■describes a period of time in which very little happens （一段时间）休眠的，不活跃的
• August is a fallow period in British politics. 八月是英国政坛的沉寂期。
adj. [农] 休耕的；不活跃的
 - inactive, sleepy
vt. 使（土地） [农学] 休闲；潜伏
 - lie low, to conceal

Word: hellish
Front: hellish
[ˈhelɪʃ] (18113/21525)
Back: adj. 很坏的，很讨厌的
adv. 很坏地，很讨厌地
n. 很坏，很讨厌
分布：地狱的(40%)，可憎的(26%)，凶恶的(17%)，令人毛骨悚然的(17%)
→比喻用法。
adjective
■very bad or unpleasant 很糟的；很令人讨厌的
• a hellish experience 很糟糕的经历
adj. 地狱的；凶恶的；令人毛骨悚然的
 - infernal, Tartarean

Word: guile
Front: guile
[gaɪl] (托宝 24013/22120)
Vocabulary: guile
(once / 1399 pages)
n
Use the noun guile for cunning, craftiness, and artful duplicity. Acting like you have a job on Wall Street when you're actually unemployed would take a lot of guile.
The noun guile has quite negative connotations, as it refers to the kind of knowledge and skill that can be used by comic book villains for evil and not good! People who have guile are also thought of as being wily (which is also a related word), sneaky, and deceitful. Those who are free of guile are pure and upstanding, and Henry David Thoreau affirms those feelings when he wrote: "It is the work of a brave man surely, in whom there was no guile!"
WORD FAMILY
guile: guileful, guileless, guiles+/guileful: guilefully/ guileless: guilelessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is scornful of multinational compacts and regional alliances, preferring bilateral negotiations and one-on-one tests of strength and guile.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Seemingly missing in the new president is the political guile to reconcile these contradictions.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
When he spoke, it was with a tinge of guile and tenderness.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: n. 奸猾; 狡诈; 背信弃义; 欺骗
分布：狡猾(60%)，狡诈(40%)
→词源同wile, 欺诈，奸诈。
【记】拼：贵了－东西买贵了－被骗了
【反】artlessness（n 天真烂漫；淳朴）
[gaɪl] formal
noun uncountable
■clever but sometimes dishonest behaviour that you use to deceive someone 狡诈；奸诈；欺骗
• The President will need to use all her political guile to stay in power. 这位女总统要想继续掌权就要施展其全部政治手段和伎俩。
• He is a simple man, totally lacking in guile. 他很单纯，完全不会耍甚么诡计。
n. 狡猾；诡计；欺诈
 - scheme, fraud

Word: hardback
Front: hardback
[ˈhɑ:dbæk] (25942/15412 -1)
Back: n. 精装书，精装本; 硬封面的书
adj. 精装的; 硬封面的
分布：精装本(81%)，硬封面的书(19%)
→hard,硬的，back,背。用于指精装硬壳书。
US ['hɑ:rd-] noun countable or uncountable (US also hardcover)
■a book which has a stiff cover 硬面精装书
• His latest novel will be published in hardback later this month. 他的最新小说将在本月稍后时间以精装本的形式出版。
Compare paperback ; softback
n. 精装本； [图情] 硬封面的书
 - deluxe edition
adj. 精装的； [图情] 硬封面的
 - casebound, clothbound

Word: frey

Word: heiress
Front: heiress
[ˈeəres] (19145/15679)
Back: n. 女继承人，嗣女
分布：女继承人(100%)
→heir,继承人，-ess,表阴性。
女继承人(heit继承人)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
US ['er.es] noun countable
■a woman or girl who will receive or already has received a lot of money, property or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that person dies 女继承人；嗣女
• the heiress to the throne 王位的女继承人
• a Texan oil heiress 德克萨斯的石油女继承人
⇒ See also heir
n. 女继承人
 - inheritress

Word: integrationist
Front: integrationist
[ˌɪntɪ'greɪʃənɪst] (31300/45382)
Back: n. <主美>主张取消种族隔离的人
分布：主张消除种族隔离的人(100%)

Word: hidalgo
Front: hidalgo
[hɪ'dælgəʊ] (29269/-)
Back: n. 西班牙的下级贵族，西班牙的绅士（低于最高贵族，大公）

Word: ignominious
Front: ignominious
[ˌɪgnəˈmɪniəs] (托宝 26968/21869)
Vocabulary: ignominious
(once / 1823 pages)
adj
Losing a football game stinks, but losing a game where, at the end, you are lying face down in a puddle of mud and the fans are burning effigies of you in the streets? That is an ignominious defeat.
Although ignominious can modify other words, it is nearly always attached to "defeat." It derives from the word ignominy, which means public shame or defeat. Ignominy derives from the Latin in- "not" + a variant of nomen "name."
WORD FAMILY
ignominious: ignominiously, ignominiousness+/ ignominy: ignominies, ignominious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before Sunday’s game against the Jets, Bush professed unconcern about his ignominious mark.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was Margaret Thatcher's biggest political misjudgement - and brought her career as prime minister to an ignominious end.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
If the Constitutional Court ratifies the decision, it will be an ignominious end to a long but sometimes tragic life in politics.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 耻辱的; 不光彩的; 不名誉的; 丢脸的
分布：可耻的(80%)，不名誉的(20%)
→来自ignominy,耻辱。
不名誉的(ig不+nomin+ious→不好的名字→不名誉的)[nomin=name,表示"名称,名字"]
【反】lofty（adj 高高的；崇高的）；honorable（adj 可敬的；光荣的）
[ˌɪg.nə'mɪn.i.əs] literary
adjective
■(especially of events or behaviour) embarrassing because of being a complete failure （尤指事件或行为）耻辱的，丢脸的
• an ignominious defeat/failure/retreat 声誉扫地的落败／可耻的失败／耻辱的撤退
adj. 可耻的；下流的
 - blue, dirty

Word: mammon

Word: leninist

Word: involuntary
Front: involuntary
[ɪnˈvɒləntri] (托宝 11042/9830 -1)
Vocabulary: involuntary
(once / 444 pages)
adj
Involuntary describes a reflex or action done without conscious control or will — like a blink, a sneeze, a yawn, or “the giggles.”
If you volunteered to do it, it’s voluntary. If you didn’t volunteer, but you find yourself doing it anyway, it’s involuntary. This can go for the involuntary hiccups you wrestle with on your blind date, as well as the involuntary task you do at your manager’s insistence. Involuntary gets a lot of blame, but something that is involuntary is not necessarily bad: Breathing is involuntary, but you would probably do it anyway if given the choice.
WORD FAMILY
involuntary: involuntarily, involuntariness+/nonvoluntary: nonvoluntarily/ voluntary: involuntary, nonvoluntary, unvoluntary, voluntaries, voluntarily, voluntaryly/ volunteer: voluntary, volunteered, volunteering, volunteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bryant was charged with involuntary manslaughter and child neglect and is in Moore County jail awaiting trial.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Bryant was charged with involuntary manslaughter and child neglect and is in Moore County jail awaiting trial.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police said in a release that Parish Huntley was charged Tuesday with involuntary manslaughter and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无意识做出的，非故意的; 非自愿的，不随意的; 不由自主的
分布：非自愿的(58%)，不由自主的(22%)，无意的(20%)
→in-,不，非，voluntary,自愿的。
【记】voluntary（adj 自愿的；故意的；志愿的）
US [-'vɑ:.lən.ter.i] adjective
■not done by choice; done unwillingly, or without the decision or intention of the person involved 非自愿的；不由自主的，无意识的
• A sharp tap on the knee usually causes an involuntary movement of the lower leg. 突然轻轻敲一下膝盖，小腿通常会不由自主地动一下。
adj. 无意识的；自然而然的；不知不觉的
 - mechanical, automatic, unconscious, spontaneous

Word: middlesbrough

Word: mick
Front: mick
[mɪk] (-/4434)
Back: n. <贬>爱尔兰佬
分布：名词(100%)
→缩写自常见爱尔兰人名Micheal.
(also Mick) [mɪk] noun countable offensive
■a person from Ireland, or a Roman Catholic 爱尔兰人；罗马天主教徒
n. 米克（男子名）；（贬）爱尔兰人
 - Paddy, Irishman

Word: manslaughter
Front: manslaughter
[ˈmænslɔ:tə(r)] (13156/9261 -1)
Vocabulary: manslaughter
(once / 4355 pages)
n
Manslaughter means killing someone without planning it beforehand. A defendant who's convicted of manslaughter is guilty of a serious crime, though less serious than murder.
Someone who kills another person accidentally or impulsively might be accused of manslaughter, a legal term that describes a killing which is not quite deliberate murder. Manslaughter is extremely serious, although it's usually punished less harshly than murder. Though the word laughter can be seen in manslaughter, it's no laughing matter — and it rhymes with daughter.
WORD FAMILY
manslaughter: manslaughters
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police believe he was under the influence and he remains jailed on manslaughter, DUI and other charges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hayes’ described the shooting as self-defense but was convicted of manslaughter and attempted manslaughter.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 杀人; 过失杀人; [法]过失杀人罪
分布：名词(100%)
→man,人，slaughter,屠杀，残杀。用于法律术语过失杀人。
US [-ˌslɑ:.tˌɚ] noun uncountable legal
■the crime of killing a person by someone who did not intend to do it or who cannot be responsible for their actions 过失杀人，误杀；无行为能力者所犯的杀人罪行
• She was sentenced to five years imprisonment for manslaughter. 她因过失杀人被判入狱五年。
• He denies murder but admits manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. 他否认谋杀，但承认过失杀人，这样可以减轻刑事责任。
Compare murder ; suicide
n. 杀人；过失杀人；一般杀人罪
 - homicide

Word: melodrama
Front: melodrama
[ˈmelədrɑ:mə] (托宝 13732/15787 -1)
Vocabulary: melodrama
(once / 1451 pages)
n
A melodrama is a show or story with an overly dramatic characters and plot lines. Many people like to escape their own troubles by watching what the characters go through on a weekly television melodrama.
A melodrama has a thrilling plot, with many extreme twists, suspense, and plenty of romance. Soap operas and popular films can often be described as melodramas, full of the tension and excitement that draws a viewer in. Anything but mellow, melodrama comes from the Greek word melos, song, and the French drame, drama — because the original melodramas of the early 1800s were dramatic plays that included songs and music.
WORD FAMILY
melodrama: melodramas, melodramatic +/ melodramatic: melodramatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
After four seasons of escalating melodrama, “Nashville” is preparing for a key change.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
What if, while aiming for sincerity, I ended up with the worst thing of all … melodrama?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Along the way, Ralphie negotiates with Santa Claus and his teacher, fights off a horrible bully and partakes in episodes of fantasy, melodrama and adventure.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 情节剧，音乐剧，传奇剧，耸人听闻的事件，闹剧; 传奇剧式的事件（或言行）
分布：情节剧(68%)，音乐剧(27%)，传奇剧式的事件(5%)
→来自法语melodrame,歌舞剧，来自希腊语melos,歌，词源同melody,韵律，旋律，drama,戏剧。后引申词义浪漫爱情歌舞剧，夸张的爱情剧，情节剧，通俗剧等。
【记】melod＝melody（n 悦耳的音调），drama（n 戏剧）
US [-ˌdræm.ə] noun countable or uncountable
■a story, play, or film in which the characters show stronger emotions than real people usually do 情节剧
• a television melodrama 一部电视情节剧
• mainly UK The car's hardly damaged - there's no need to make a melodrama out of it (= make the situation more important than it is). 这辆车几乎没受甚么损坏，没必要把事情闹大。
n. 情节剧；音乐剧；耸人听闻的事件，闹剧
 - actioner, farce

Word: migraine
Front: migraine
[ˈmi:greɪn] (13152/15359 -1)
Vocabulary: migraine
(once / 7247 pages)
n
A migraine is a severe headache. When you get a migraine, you'll probably want to stay in bed, in a dark room, until it passes.
When you get a headache that's so painful that you can't work or function, you've probably got a migraine. It's usually women who get migraines, and you are either a person who gets migraines throughout your life, or you never get one at all. Migraines often come with side effects like nausea and blurred vision, and they often affect just one side of the head. The word comes from the Greek hemi-, "half" and kranion, "skull."
WORD FAMILY
migraine: migraines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kubiak was back in the hospital, this time diagnosed with a complex migraine headache.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Kubiak missed a week of work in October after suffering a complex migraine, his second health scare in three years.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This season, Kubiak was hospitalized with a “complex migraine” that caused him to miss one of the Broncos’ games.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. [医]偏头痛
分布：偏头疼(100%)
→来自古法语migraigne,来自拉丁语hemicraniar的俗化发音，来自hemi-,半边的，-cran,头颅，词源同cranial,cranium.即半边头痛，偏头痛。
偏头痛(migr+ine→移来移去的[头痛]→偏头痛)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
US ['maɪ-] noun countable or uncountable
■severe continuous pain in the head, often with vomiting and difficulty in seeing 偏头痛
• Do you suffer from migraine? 你患有偏头痛吗？
• Considering the amount of stress she's under, it's not surprising she keeps getting migraines. 想想她所承受的压力，她常常有偏头痛也就不足为奇了。
• a migraine headache 偏头痛
n. [内科] [中医] 偏头痛
 - megrim

Word: mindless
Front: mindless
[ˈmaɪndləs] (13058/13830 -1)
Back: adj. 愚笨的; 不小心的; 无心的，无意识的; 不顾…的
分布：愚蠢的(60%)，不顾虑的(20%)，不留神的(10%)，无需动脑的(10%)
→mind,思想，思维，-less,无，没有。引申词义无头脑的，盲目的。mindless 无头脑的，盲目的
adjective disapproving
■stupid and meaning nothing 没头脑的，愚蠢的；盲目的
• The film is full of mindless violence. 这部电影充斥着无谓的暴力。
• pop songs with mindless lyrics 歌词空洞无物的流行歌曲
■not needing much mental effort 无需动脑筋的
• I'm afraid it's fairly mindless work - opening mail and keying data into a computer. 恐怕这项工作基本上不用动脑筋——查看邮件，将资料输入电脑。
adj. 愚蠢的；不小心的；不需要动脑筋的；不顾虑的
 - foolish, stupid, silly, mad

Word: midsize

Word: milanese

Word: mojave

Word: mutant
Front: mutant
[ˈmju:tənt] (12780/7413 -1)
Vocabulary: mutant
(once / 13728 pages)
nadj
When an animal's genes change, or mutate, the new form of the animal that results is a mutant. One example of such a mutant is a blue lobster. Another is the teenage mutant ninja turtle.
You can use the scientific term mutant for any plant or animal that's the result of a change, or mutation, in the DNA of that organism. When the word is used as an adjective, it describes something having to do with this kind of mutation, like a mutant chromosome or a mutant lobster. Mutant stems from the Latin mutantem, which means "changing."
WORD FAMILY
mutant: mutants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others posted their own social media photos, including showing Lawrence posing with a child dressed as a character from Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In addition, switching on the stem cell genes boosted the mutant mice’s life spans by more than one-third, the researchers report online today in Cell.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Homozygous tbx4-null mutants entirely lack pelvic fins without showing any other gross morphological defects.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 突变体; 突变异种; 变种生物; 突变
adj. 突变的; 变异的; 变异所引起的; 经过突变的
分布：突变异种(100%)
→来自mutate,变异，突变。
US [-tˌənt] noun countable
■an organism that is different from others of its type because of a permanent change in its genes 突变体
• These mutants lack a vital protein which gives them immunity to the disease. 这些突变体缺乏一种可以抵抗这种疾病的重要蛋白质。
• This mutant gene is thought to cause cancer. 人们认为这种突变基因会致癌。
• figurative humorous I'm convinced he's a mutant - he's not a bit like the rest of our family! 我觉得他真是个异类——他一点也不像我们家的其他人！
■disapproving
■an unpleasant and frightening thing 令人讨厌的事物，可怕的事物
• The result of these experiments will be a nightmarish world filled with two-headed monsters and other mutants. 这些实验的结果将是一个噩梦般的世界，到处是双头怪和其他可怕的异形。
adj. [遗] 突变的
 - saltatory

Word: nutritious
Front: nutritious
[njuˈtrɪʃəs] (托 13225/16859 -1)
Vocabulary: nutritious
(once / 4033 pages)
adj
Nutritious describes food that's good for you. Brown rice and kale are nutritious, but jelly beans, sadly, are not.
Something that provides nutrients — vitamins, minerals, and protein, for example — is nutritious. Our bodies need nutritious food to grow, heal, and stay healthy, however much we might crave tasty, non-nutritious snacks. The adjective nutritious comes from the Latin word nutritius, "that nourishes," which in turn comes from the root nutrix, "nurse."
WORD FAMILY
nutritious: nutritiously, nutritiousness+/ nutrient: nutrients/nutrify: nutrient, nutrition / nutrition: nutritional, nutritionist, nutritions, nutritious /nutritional: nutritionally/nutritionist: nutritionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group says the state’s residents deserve affordable housing and transportation, high-quality education, nutritious food and a decent wage.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It’s low glycemic, sustainable and the most nutritious sweetener there is,” Schilling said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
What started with her cooking dozens of nutritious meals in her kitchen rapidly escalated into an operation to feed hundreds of people a night.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 有营养的，滋养的
分布：有营养的(86%)，滋养的(14%)
有营养的(nutrit+ious)[nutrit,nutri=nourish,表示"营养"]
有营养的(nutr营养)[-itious表形容词,-ition变化而来,表示"…的"]
US [nu:-] adjective
■containing many of the substances needed for life and growth 营养丰富的，营养价值高的
• a nutritious diet 营养丰富的饮食
• Raw spinach is especially nutritious. 生菠菜营养价值尤其高。
adj. 有营养的，滋养的
 - alible, nourishing

Word: omnipresent
Front: omnipresent
[ˌɒmnɪˈpreznt] (宝 18682/22362)
Vocabulary: omnipresent
(once / 4555 pages)
adj
Omnipresent describes something that's everywhere at once, like a deity or a bad smell.
You might recognize the prefix omni-, meaning "all," from words like omnipotence (all powerful), or omniscient (all knowing). Add it to -present, and voilà, there's something that's present all the time, like Santa Claus who sees you when you're sleeping and knows when you're awake. You can't hide from an omnipresent being. Hair splitters prefer that a bad smell be ubiquitous (turns up everywhere) and save omnipresent for the divine. And Santa.
WORD FAMILY
omnipresent: omnipresence, omnipresently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will people pay attention to such advice, already so omnipresent?
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Gaza is no angel, but as much a victim as the “meat” he helps shift: a hapless child soldier in our “omnipresent state of war”.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Lenins were replaced by billboards of smiling presidents, just as omnipresent as the Soviet leaders once were, and equally hagiographic.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 无所不在的，同时遍在的; 无往不在
分布：无处不在的(100%)
→omni-,全，总，present,出现。引申词义无处不在的。
无所不在的(omni+present出现的)[omni-表示"全部,到处"]
US [ˌɑ:m-] formal
adjective
■present or having an effect everywhere at the same time 无所不在的，遍及各处的
• So how did a diminutive Australian soap star get to be an omnipresent icon of style and beauty? 那么，一个澳大利亚的连续剧小明星是怎么变成一位无所不在的优雅而美丽的偶像？
adj. 无所不在的
 - ubiquitous, illocal

Word: ox
Front: ox
[ɒks] (高研四六 -/11804 -1)
Back: n. 牛，公牛; 牛属动物
分布：牛(80%)，公牛(20%)
→来自古英语oxa,公牛。其复数为oxen,比较children.
n.牛,公牛Her boyfriend fed a box of oxygen and hydrogen to the ox and fox.她男朋友给牛和狐狸喂了一盒子氧和氢.
US [ɑ:ks] (plural oxen)
noun countable
■a bull (= male cow) which has had its reproductive organs removed, used in the past for pulling loads on farms, or, more generally, any adult of the cattle family 公牛，阉牛；（泛指）牛
buffalo, cow, bull, ox
这组词都有“牛”的意思，其区别是：
buffalo: 指水牛，在美国指野牛。
cow: 指任何品种的成年母牛或乳用的乳牛。
bull: 指未经阉割，通常用于配种的公牛，也指西班牙或美洲经专门饲料用作斗牛表演的公牛。引申指彪形大汉。
ox: 泛指野生或驯养的牛类，系动物学的用词，通称，也指公牛。
n. [畜牧] [脊椎] 牛；公牛
 - cattle, bull

Word: pilotless
Front: pilotless
['paɪlətlɪs] (37248/-)
Back: adj. 无驾驶员的
分布：无驾驶员的(100%)

Word: pharaoh
Front: pharaoh
['feərəʊ] (18364/16605)
Back: n. 法老
分布：法老(90%)，暴君(10%)
→来自希腊语Pharao,来自希伯来语Par’oh,来自埃及语Pero’,埃及国王尊称，字面意思即大屋。
US ['fer.oʊ] noun countable
■(the title of) a king of ancient Egypt 法老（古埃及国王的称号）
n. 法老；暴君
 - tyrant, Caesar

Word: payoff
Front: payoff
['peɪɔ:f] (六 7645/27334 -1)
Back: n. 报酬; 结清，算清; 发工资; 结果，结局
adj. 决定性的; 产生结果的; 支付的
分布：收益(52%)，高潮(14%)，发工资(14%)，成果(9%)，清算(5%)，报复(3%)，得出结果的(3%)
US [-ɑ:f] noun countable
RESULT 结果 informal
■the result of a set of actions, or an explanation at the end of something （一连串列动的）结果，成果；（…结束时的）解释
• The payoff for years of research is a microscope which performs better than all of its competitors. 多年研究所得的成果是一台性能超过所有竞争对手的显微镜。
UK ['peɪ.ɒf] US [-ɑ:f] noun countable
MONEY 金钱
■money paid to someone, especially so that they do not cause trouble or so that they will do what you want them to 封口钱，贿款
• It has been alleged that the minister received a secret payoff from an arms dealer. 据称这位部长从一个军火商那里秘密收受了贿赂。
n. 报酬；结果；发工资；结算
 - outcome, compensation, product, consideration, event, settlement
adj. [会计] 支付的；决定性的；产生结果的
 - crucial, paying, critical, final, decisive

Word: permafrost
Front: permafrost
[ˈpɜ:məfrɒst] (21966/41317)
Vocabulary: permafrost
(once / 35177 pages)
n
Permafrost is ground that is frozen permanently. As you can imagine, permafrost is extremely cold.
If you know that frost has many cold-related meanings and permanent means "always," then you should be able to figure out what permafrost is: ground that is permanently frozen. You won't be able to plant a garden in permafrost — or do much with it — since it’s so hard and cold. You won't find permafrost in warm climates or places that have distinct seasons. Permafrost only exists in areas where it's cold all the time, so the ground never thaws out.
WORD FAMILY
permafrost
USAGE EXAMPLES
Industry and tourism in the region are tiny, though mining and oil companies continue to eye-up potential sites as the permafrost retreats.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
If this is allowed to happen, the resulting increase in emissions could raise temperatures enough to thaw permafrost - frozen soil, rock or sediment.
Reuters(Nov 17, 2016)
In Siberia, they see hayfields that are underwater because of the thawing of the permafrost layer.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. （如极地的）永久冻土; 多年冻土
分布：永久冻土层(100%)
→缩写自permanent frost.
US ['pɝ:.mə.frɑ:st] specialized
noun uncountable
■an area of land which is permanently frozen, whose surface melts in the summer and freezes again in the autumn 永冻层，永冻土层

Word: refit
Front: refit
[ˌri:ˈfɪt] (26587/19930 -1)
Back: vt. 重装; 给…整修
vi. 改装
n. 整修; 改装
时态：refitted, refitting, refits
分布：改装(51%)，整修(43%)，重新装配(改装(3%)，修理)(3%)
→re-,再，重新，fit,装配，匹配。
[ˌri:'fɪt] (-tt-)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to put a ship back into good condition by repairing it or adding new parts （对船只）整修，安装新配件，改装
• The ship sailed into the dock to refit/to be refitted. 轮船驶入船坞进行整修。
vi. 改装；整修
 - face lifting, to adjust
n. 改装；整修
 - conditioning, retrofitting
vt. 改装；整修
 - face lifting, to adjust

Word: presbyterian

Word: postcode
Front: postcode
[ˈpəʊstkəʊd] (高雅 -/22564)
Back: n. 邮政编码
分布：邮政编码(100%)
→post,邮政，code,编码。
US ['poʊst.koʊd] UK
noun countable
■in Britain, a short series of letters and numbers that is part of a postal address 邮递区号
⇒ See also zip code
n. （英）邮政编码；邮区号
 - zip code, postal code

Word: sanitary
Front: sanitary
[ˈsænətri] (托雅宝 13757/11726 -1)
Vocabulary: sanitary
(once / 1435 pages)
adj
When something's sanitary, it's extremely clean. It's important for hospitals to be sanitary.
The adjective sanitary is useful when you need something stronger than just "clean." Sanitary implies the absence of germs as well as a clean appearance — you probably hope that your favorite restaurant's kitchen is sanitary, and your visiting friends will appreciate your bathroom being sanitary as well. The origin of sanitary is the Latin word sanitas, or "health," from the root sanus, which means both "healthy" and "sane."
WORD FAMILY
sanitary: insanitary, sanitarily, sanitariness, unsanitary+/unsanitary: unsanitariness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emerald Coast Utilities Authority issued a notice of a sanitary sewer overflow caused by a 15-minute loss of power from a lightning strike.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
According to the document, the agreements were primarily involving baby diapers but also involved other products in the sanitary business.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Families are housed in tents, often unheated, and sanitary facilities are shared in the makeshift centers; in some, women share shower facilities with men.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 清洁的; 卫生的
n. 公共厕所
分布：卫生的(79%)，清洁的(21%)
→来自拉丁语 sanus,健康的，词源同 sane,健康的。引申词义清洁的，卫生的。
卫生的(sanit+ary→健康的→卫生的)[San,sanit=healthy,表示"健康的"]
【记】读：撒你tary－撒你一身的尿，需要保持卫生的
【参】sanitizer（n 消毒剂）
【反】noxious（adj 有害的）
US [-ter.i] adjective
■clean and not dangerous for the health, or protecting health by the removal of dirt and waste, especially human waste 卫生的，清洁的，干净的
• Cholera thrives in poor sanitary conditions. 霍乱在卫生条件差的环境里容易蔓延。
• There were only very basic sanitary facilities on the site. 工地上只有最基本的卫生设施。
• His kitchen didn't look very sanitary (= clean). 他的厨房看起来不太干净。
■describes the things which are used by women during their period (= blood flow each month) （用品）月经期间使用的
• sanitary protection 经期用品
• disposable sanitary products 一次性卫生用品
adj. 卫生的，清洁的
 - clean, hygienic
n. 公共厕所
 - latrine, public convenience

Word: scalpel
Front: scalpel
[ˈskælpəl] (雅宝 15111/20194)
Vocabulary: scalpel
(once / 11109 pages)
n
A scalpel is a special kind of knife used by doctors, particularly surgeons. Scalpels are small, lightweight, and have a fine, sharp blade.
Most scalpels used in surgery have extremely sharp, removable blades that can be replaced. When a surgeon uses a scalpel, she holds it using either the "dinner knife" grip, for large incisions, or the "pencil" grip, for smaller cuts. A medical student dissecting an animal also uses a scalpel, and in some cases artists use them for making fine cuts. In Latin, a scalpellum is a "surgical knife," from scalpere, "to carve."
WORD FAMILY
scalpel: scalpels
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the delicate devices can’t be sterilized like a scalpel because intense heat would destroy crucial components.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“When the doctor said, ‘scalpel,’ I was the one who handed it to them.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Looking through a microscope, they then removed the softened paint with a cotton swab, or sometimes with a scalpel.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 外科手术刀
分布：手术刀(70%)，解剖刀(30%)
→来自拉丁语 scalpellum,手术刀，来自 scalpere,雕刻，砍，切，来自 skel,砍，切，词源同 scale,shell,sculpture.
【记】scalp（n 头皮），el：能切开头皮的刀－手术刀scalp＝sculp雕刻，el－手术刀
noun countable
■a very sharp knife that is used for cutting through skin and flesh during an operation 手术刀
n. [医] 解剖刀；外科手术刀
 - dissecting knife

Word: repurchase
Front: repurchase
[ri:'pɜ:tʃəs] (28048/28554)
Back: vt. 重新买
n. 买回
时态：repurchased, repurchasing, repurchases
分布：买回(71%)，再买(29%)
vt. 买回；再买；再采购
 - to buy back

Word: superimpose
Front: superimpose
[ˌsu:pərɪmˈpəʊz] (宝 14132/11634 -1)
Vocabulary: superimpose
(once / 5631 pages)
v
Superimpose means laying one thing on top of another. It's often use to describe images in a photo collage — like the superimposed image of a skyscraper on the surface of the moon.
The verb superimpose is typically used in graphics or photography to describe how images can be put on top of one another for dramatic effect. Use it also to show adding your own take on something, or when you try to have an impact on someone's behavior: "She tried to superimpose her ideas of perfection onto the lazy habits of her children."
WORD FAMILY
superimpose: superimposed, superimposes, superimposing+/ impose: imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition, reimpose, superimpose / imposed: self-imposed/ imposing: imposingly, unimposing/ imposition: impositions/reimpose: reimposed, reimposes, reimposing, reimposition
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her wide-eyed pictures, complete with superimposed animal faces, are mixed with his.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
An image of a duck with the words “lame” superimposed over it accompanied the message.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The film was completed by digitally lifting Lee from previously captured footage and superimposing it on later scenes.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 添加; 附加
时态：superimposed, superimposing, superimposes
分布：添加(82%)，置于某物之上(18%)
→super-,在上，上方，im-,进入，使，-pos,放置，词源同 impose,position.即放在上面，引申词 义重叠，叠加。
放…上面,强加(super+impose放上去→在上面放→强加)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
【记】super，impose（v 强加）：在上面强加
【参】superintend（v 主管；监督）；superlative（adj 最高的）；supernal（adj 天上的；超自然的）；supernatural（adj 超自然的）
US [-pɚ.ɪm'poʊz] verb transitive
■to put especially a picture, words, etc. on top of something else, especially another picture, words, etc., so that what is in the lower position can still be seen, heard, etc 使（尤指图片、文字等）叠加，将…放在他物的上方
• The book cover had a picture of a dove superimposed on a battle scene. 这本书封面上的战争画面中添加了一只和平鸽。
vt. 添加；重叠；附加；安装
 - fit, fix

Word: stopgap
Front: stopgap
[ˈstɒpgæp] (24295/37892)
Vocabulary: stopgap
(once / 24988 pages)
n
A stopgap is a temporary solution to a problem, like a piece of cardboard taped over the broken window in your car. Until you can get it fixed, you need a stopgap.
This sturdy English native dates to the early 16th century, and like its semantic cousin makeshift, it seems to have been cobbled together by the two closest words at hand. Both words actually originated from phrasal use of their components: stop a gap for the first, and make shift for the second. Not that they're jury-rigged in any way!
WORD FAMILY
stopgap: stopgaps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet Congress just renewed the EB-5 visa, without any reforms, for another four-and-a-half months as part of the year-end stopgap spending bill.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Public universities are operating under the stopgap budget that is set to expire at the end of the month.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A six-month stopgap budget is passed, but expires on Dec. 31 with the two sides not even meeting to continue talks.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 临时替代者，临时应急措施
分布：权宜之计(100%)
→stop,塞住，gap,空隙。引申比喻义权宜之计。
US ['stɑ:p-] noun countable
■something intended for temporary use until something better or more suitable can be found 权宜之计；临时替代品
• Hostels are usually provided as a stopgap until the families can be housed in permanent accommodation. 那些家庭住进永久居所之前，住旅舍通常只是权宜之计。
• We might have to employ someone temporarily as a stopgap measure until we can fill the post. 在找到人填补这个空缺之前，我们可能得先暂时雇个人顶一下。
adj. 权宜的；暂时的
 - temporary, interim
n. 权宜之计；补缺者
 - quick fix, makeshift

Word: springboard
Front: springboard
[ˈsprɪŋbɔ:d] (托 15806/15255)
Back: n. （有助于成功的）跳板; （跳水、体操等体育运动中的）跳板，踏板
分布：跳板(82%)，出发点(18%)
→spring,跳，board,板。
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
SPORT 运动
■a board that can bend which helps you to jump higher when jumping or diving into a swimming pool or when doing gymnastics （跳水或体操中的）跳板
UK ['sprɪŋ.bɔ:d] US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
GOOD START 好的开始
■something which provides you either with the opportunity to follow a particular plan of action, or the encouragement that is needed to make it successful （提供动力的）跳板；（有助于开展某事的）出发点，开端
• The firm's director is confident that the new project will act as a springboard for/to further contracts. 公司主管确信，新企划案将会是一个开端，随后会有更多的合约。
n. 跳板；出发点
 - walks, gang-plank

Word: toolkit
Front: toolkit
[ˈtu:lkɪt] (29180/17973)
Back: n. 工具包，工具箱
分布：工具包(100%)
n. 工具包，工具箱
 - kit, tool chest

Word: theorem
Front: theorem
[ˈθɪərəm] (六 17159/10896)
Vocabulary: theorem
(once / 5949 pages)
n
A theorem is a proposition or statement that can be proven to be true every time. In mathematics, if you plug in the numbers, you can show a theorem is true.
Just as a theory is an idea that can be supported or disproved, a theorem is also an idea, but it's one that has been proven and can be demonstrated again and again if used properly. In math class, you might have learned some theorems. One example is the Pythagorean theorem, which can be represented as A squared plus B squared equals C squared. Although it’s usually used in math, theorems can be laws, rules, formulas, or even logical deductions.
WORD FAMILY
theorem: theorems
USAGE EXAMPLES
That would be nice, but the answer instead is that we’re running into a mathematical obstacle called Arrow’s impossibility theorem.
Slate(Oct 28, 2016)
And devising new math theorems has nothing to do with technical writing.
US News(Oct 21, 2016)
Weeks later, I stated and proved a theorem that his formal neurons could be configured to do what his networks needed.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: n. [数] 定理; （能证明的）一般原理，公理，定律，法则
分布：定理(100%)
→来自希腊语 theorema,看，观察，来自 theorein,看，观察，词源同 theory,-ema,名词后缀。后 古希腊数学家欧几里德借用该词用来指数学上的待证假设，引申词义定理，法则等。
US ['θi:.ɚ.əm] specialized
noun countable
■(especially in mathematics) a formal statement that can be shown to be true by reasoning （尤指数学中的）定理
• a mathematical theorem 数学定理
law, principle, theorem, fundamental
这组词都有“原理、原则”的意思，其区别是：
law: 指一直公认的。陈述各种现象的条理或关系的公理或定理等。
principle: 普通用词，含义广。指作判断的基础或行动的普通准则；也指自然科学的规律。
theorem: 多指经过推理或演算能得到证明的原理、定理或定律。
fundamental: 通常指原理、原则。
n. [数] 定理；原理
 - mechanism, element

Word: transfix
Front: transfix
[trænsˈfɪks] (托 13826/20548)
Vocabulary: transfix
(once / 2881 pages)
v
Use the verb transfix when something makes you freeze in fascination or fear. Your belly dancing moves might transfix your dance recital audience.
You might describe the way the last minutes of a scary movie transfix your whole family, leaving them on the edge of their seats, or how the photographs in a gallery transfix you with their beauty. The word comes from transfixus, "impaled" in Latin, which in turn is rooted in trans, "through or across," and figere, "to fasten."
WORD FAMILY
transfix: transfixed, transfixes, transfixing, transfixt+/ transfixed: transfixedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most move on, but Kevin Esvelt became transfixed at a young age by the idea that these extinct creatures were somehow related to us.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Those images of monumental debris—angular masses that appear to emerge from sediment like alien geology—remain transfixing.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Aberdeen had enough bodies to deal with him but none of them took any kind of responsibility, as if transfixed by his on-coming presence.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺穿; 钉住; 使惊恐; 使惊呆
时态：transfixed, transfixing, transfixes
分布：刺穿(56%)，使呆住(22%)，钉住(22%)
→trans-,进入，穿过，-fix,固定。其原义为穿透，穿过，引申词义使惊呆。
[træns'fɪks] literary
verb transitive
UNABLE TO MOVE 不能移动
■to make a person or animal seem unable to move or stop looking at something because they are so interested, surprised or frightened, usually because their interest in or fear of something is so strong 使不能动弹；使呆住
• The conference delegates were transfixed by her speech. 与会代表被她的发言吓呆。
[træns'fɪks] literary
verb transitive
POINTED OBJECT 锐利的物件
■to push a long pointed object through someone or something 刺穿（用长的、尖利的物体刺穿某人或某物）
• A body lay in the corner, transfixed by a spear. 角落里躺着一具被长矛刺穿的尸体。
vt. 钉住；刺穿；使呆住
 - pin up, nail up

Word: temerity
Front: temerity
[təˈmerəti] (宝 26148/19596)
Vocabulary: temerity
(once / 3398 pages)
n
Use the noun temerity to mean the quality of being unafraid of danger or punishment. If you have the temerity to jump off the bridge even after hearing about the risk of instant death, you truly are a nutcase.
Someone who has the temerity to do something is usually considered to be bold in a foolish way. Near synonyms are audacity and recklessness. Temerity is from Middle English temeryte, from Latin temeritas, from temere "by chance, rashly."
WORD FAMILY
temerity: temerarious, temerities+/temerarious: temerariously
USAGE EXAMPLES
A couple of them even had the temerity to suggest a restaurant that used gas instead of wood.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
“For those with the temerity to follow it anywhere, ‘Blue Velvet’ is as fascinating as it is freakish,” Janet Maslin wrote in The Times.
New York Times(Oct 05, 2016)
You could also refer to it as arrogance, gall, temerity or obstinance.
Washington Times(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: n. 鲁莽，冒失
分布：鲁莽(85%)，大胆(15%)
→来自拉丁语 temere,盲目，冲动，鲁莽，来自 teme,黑暗，词源同 tenebrous,黑暗的。
【记】读：替marry ty，替别人结婚的－鲁莽
【反】circumspection（n 细心；慎重）；pusillanimity（n 胆怯）；cautious approach（谨慎靠近）
US [-ə.tˌi] formal disapproving
noun uncountable
■a willingness to do or say something that shocks or upsets other people 鲁莽；冒失
• [+ to infinitive] She had the temerity to call me a liar. 她竟冒失地说我是骗子。
n. 鲁莽，冒失；蛮勇
 - liberty, precipitation

Word: trinket
Front: trinket
[ˈtrɪŋkɪt] (宝 17741/22147)
Vocabulary: trinket
(once / 2099 pages)
n
The word trinket refers to an inexpensive, flashy ornament or piece of jewelry. A rhinestone brooch to pin to your jacket is a showy trinket that won't break the bank.
Trinkets aren't always made to be worn like jewelry. The word trinket can also refer to novelty items such as silly magnets with sayings on them or keepsake spoons. If you've ever stopped into a store at the airport that sells goods like keychains, mugs, and buttons, then you've seen trinkets. Trinkets are often purchased on a vacation — they're small enough to stick into your pockets before you board the plane home.
WORD FAMILY
trinket: trinkets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “whatnots” are dispersed throughout the shop and include silverware, ceramics, clothing, books and trinkets.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Soft toys and prayer books were among the mementoes and trinkets left at the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
In their cards, the children ask for toys and trinkets in keeping with their young age.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 小装饰品; 小件饰物; 无价值的琐细杂物; 小玩意儿
分布：不值钱的珠宝(60%)，廉价的小装饰品(40%)
→词源不详，可能鼻音化自 trick,把戏，戏法，-et,小词后缀。引申词义小装饰物，小物品等。
【记】tri三流，nk，et小：三流的小东西－小装饰品
noun countable
■a small decorative object, or a piece of jewellery that is cheap or of low quality 小件饰物；廉价珠宝
• She always returns from vacation with a few souvenirs, even if they're only cheap trinkets. 她渡假回来时总要带几样小纪念品，即便只是些廉价的小饰物。
n. 小装饰品；不值钱的小玩意儿
 - toy, nick-nack
vi. 密谋
 - plot, collogue

Word: unattainable
Front: unattainable
[ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl] (19006/19437)
Vocabulary: unattainable
(once / 3565 pages)
adj
Something unattainable is out of reach — you can't attain it or achieve it.
Unfortunately, a lot of things in life are unattainable. For most of us, making a billion dollars is unattainable. Marrying a famous movie star is probably also unattainable. Flying to the moon in a private space yacht is totally unattainable. If something is unattainable, then you just can't get it. In life, it's not always easy to see what's unattainable and what's attainable, which can cause a lot of frustration.
WORD FAMILY
unattainable: unattainableness, unattainably+/ attain: attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attains/ attainable: attainability, attainableness, unattainable / attainment: attainments
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t tie myself up in such knots anymore about trying to get something that is unattainable or ——”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Body positivity is laudably meant to push back against media obsession with twig-thin models and projecting an unattainable and unhealthily thin perfection.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Canada withdrew from Kyoto in 2011 after deciding that its targets were unattainable.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 达不到的，无法取得的; 可望而不可即
分布：难到达的(84%)，难得到的(16%)
adjective
■not able to be achieved 达不到的，无法实现的
• an unattainable ideal 无法实现的理想
• Some economists think that full employment in Europe is an unattainable goal. 一些经济学家认为欧洲实现充分就业的目标是无法达到的。
adj. 做不到的；难到达的
 - inapproachable

Word: vainly
Front: vainly
[ˈveɪnli] (23575/19465)
Back: adv. 徒劳地; 不成功地; 白费力地
分布：徒劳地(100%)
adverb
■unsuccessfully 徒劳地
• He tried vainly to make them listen. 他竭力想让他们听，但没用。
adv. 徒劳地；无益地；枉然地
 - fruitlessly, ungratefully

Word: turkomen

Word: unplug
Front: unplug
[ˌʌnˈplʌg] (21574/33715)
Back: vt. 拔去（电源）插头; 拔去…的塞子; 去掉…的障碍物
时态：unplugged, unplugging, unplugs
分布：拔开(67%)，去掉障碍(33%)

Word: zeitgeist
Front: zeitgeist
[ˈzaɪtgaɪst] (22039/41038)
Back: n. （尤指文学、哲学和政治中表现出的）时代精神，时代思潮
分布：时代思潮(100%)
→来自德语Zeitgeist，来自Zeit,时间，时代，词源同tide,Geist,精神，词源同ghost,
noun only singular
■the general set of ideas, beliefs, feelings, etc. which is typical of a particular period in history （某一特定历史时期的）时代思潮，时代精神

Word: amity
Front: amity
[ˈæməti] (宝 26804/34725)
Vocabulary: amity
(once / 290 pages)
n
The word amity refers to a peaceful, friendly nature, much like the French word for friend — "ami."
From the Latin amicus "friend," amity means "friendly relations." That strong sense of friendship lends irony to the name of the book, and later the movie, called "The Amityville Horror," about a horrifying town with a weirdly cheerful name. In truth, though, amity means mutual understanding and peace. Wouldn't it be nice if all of the world's nations lived in amity?
WORD FAMILY
amity: amiable, amities+/amiability: amiabilities/ amiable: amiability, amiableness, amiablest, amiably
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a festival that celebrates amity, thankfulness and American values, Thanksgiving generates a lot of arguments, perhaps none more contentious than the issue of stuffing.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
Biologist Amity Bass, director of the coastal and nongame resources division at the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, agrees.
National Geographic(Nov 10, 2016)
Amity had planned to buy the colleges as part of a global expansion.
Seattle Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 和睦，友好关系
分布：友好关系(100%)
→来自词根am, 爱，友好。
友好,和睦(am+ity状态→爱的状态→和睦)[am,amor,amat=love,表示"爱,情爱"]
【记】ami拼：阿眯，ty表状态－阿眯状态－友好，和睦我们学了三个ami（阿眯）开头的单词，都有亲切友好的意思。
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■friendship; a good relationship 友好，和睦
• The two groups had lived in perfect amity for many years before the recent troubles. 这两群人一直和睦相处了很多年，只是最近发生了这些纠葛。
n. 友好；亲善关系；友好关系
 - goodwill, rapprochement

Word: baptism
Front: baptism
[ˈbæptɪzəm] (11608/8950 -1)
Vocabulary: baptism
(once / 191 pages)
n
In the Christian church, baptism is a rite that symbolizes spiritual purification and rebirth. If you’ve had a baptism, it probably involved being dipped in water or having water sprinkled on you, lots of proud relatives, and hopefully cake afterwards.
The word baptism can be traced to the Greek word baptismos, meaning “ceremonial washing.” This cleansing rite typically takes place when you’re a child and is often seen as an initiation into the church. Baptism can be used more broadly to describe other kinds of initiations as well. If you go through a difficult experience on your first day on the job, you could say that was your baptism as a customer service rep.
WORD FAMILY
baptism: Baptist, baptise, baptismal, baptisms, baptistery, baptistry, baptize +/Baptist: Baptistic, Baptists/baptise: baptised, baptises, baptising/baptised: unbaptised/baptismal: baptismally/baptistery: baptisteries/baptistry: baptistries/ baptize: baptized, baptizes, baptizing/baptized: unbaptized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Rev. Lynn Jostes will preach on “Fearing, Hoping, Trusting,” and the sacraments of Communion and Baptism will be celebrated.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
After the baptism, the heirloom was tucked away again.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
While they sang, I opened my eyes and stared at the wall, at the picture of the family at Chima s baptism.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. （基督教的）洗礼; 严峻考验
分布：洗礼(100%)
→来自词根bapt, 浸。指一种基督教或其它宗教的重要仪式。见baptism of fire, 战火洗礼。
noun countable or uncountable
■a Christian ceremony in which a person has water poured on their head, or is covered for a very short time in water, in order to show that they have become a member of the Christian Church （基督教的）洗礼，浸礼
• infant baptism 婴儿洗礼
['bæp.tɪ.zəm] noun countable or uncountable
a baptism of/by fire
■a very difficult first experience of something 初次的痛苦经历；战火的洗礼
• I was given a million-dollar project to manage in my first month - it was a real baptism of fire. 第一个月就让我管理一个百万美元的企划——这实在是个严峻的考验。
n. 洗礼；严峻考验
 - ablution, christening

Word: watchword
Front: watchword
[ˈwɒtʃwɜ:d] (25629/19923)
Back: n. 口令; 暗语; 暗号; 口号
分布：口号(50%)，标语(20%)，口令(18%)，暗号(12%)
→来自军事用语watch,看，站岗，word,词。原指站岗的暗号，口令，引申义口号，标语。
US ['wɑ:tʃ.wɝ:d] noun countable usually singular
■(a word or phrase which represents) the main ideas or principles directing the way that someone behaves or the way that something is done 口号；标语；格言
• And remember, let caution be your watchword. 切记，把谨慎当作你的格言。
n. 口号；标语；口令；暗号
 - signal, password, cry, banner, slogan

Word: alt
Front: alt
['ælt] (-/29877)
Back: n. & adj. 高音（的）
n. = Accelerated Life Testing 加速寿命试验（可靠性术语）
分布：中高音(100%)
n. 高音，中高音
 - high note

Word: bequest
Front: bequest
[bɪˈkwest] (托宝 17885/12787)
Vocabulary: bequest
(once / 2873 pages)
n
When you receive some kind of gift, be it money or property, through a will, that gift is known as a bequest. Your aunt left you a bequest of the earrings she always thought you admired.
The noun bequest is something one arranges to give away after death, sort of a gift from beyond the grave. Basically, putting a bequest in a will is a way of making sure the right person will get certain goods after your death. If you are very wealthy, universities and charitable organizations may court you in an attempt to gain bequests for their institutions.
WORD FAMILY
bequest: bequests
USAGE EXAMPLES
He added that while the company’s coffers were starting off relatively full, thanks to a multimillion-dollar bequest, it was working hard to raise money.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The bequest falls from the sky like a shower of gold greeting a newly crowned tsar.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Answer: Please think long and hard before you try to restrict what the next generation does with a bequest, particularly when it’s real estate.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 遗赠; 遗产，遗赠物
分布：遗产(76%)，遗赠物(24%)
→前缀be-, 强调。quest, 词源同voice, 说。此处指临终遗嘱。
【记】be表被动，quest要求（或读：快死他）－死后被要求留下东西－遗赠物
noun countable
■the money or property belonging to someone which they say that, after their death, they wish to be given to other people 遗赠，遗产
• Her will included small bequests to her family, while most of her fortune went to charity. 她在遗嘱中写明将一小部分遗产留给家人，大部分都捐给慈善机构。
n. [法] 遗产；遗赠
 - heritage, inheritance, legacy

Word: bongo
Front: bongo
[ˈbɒŋgəʊ] (25937/40999)
Back: n. 小手鼓
分布：羚羊的一种(67%)，小鼓(33%)
n. 羚羊的一种；小手鼓
 - wildebeest, tambourine

Word: bluefin
Front: bluefin
['blʊˌfɪn] (28497/-)
Back: n. 金枪鱼
分布：金枪鱼(100%)
n. （蓝鳍）金枪鱼；作生鱼片的精品鱼肉
 - tuna fish, tunny

Word: bun
Front: bun
[bʌn] (高 8967/8944 -1)
Vocabulary: bun
(once / 2178 pages)
n
A bun is a small roll, usually made of wheat flour and baked in an oven. You might bake a batch of buns for a breakfast treat on Sunday mornings.
Some people celebrate spring or the Easter holidays by making hot cross buns, sweet rolls with currants or raisins and light frosting. Because buns are commonly small and round, the hairstyle that involves a tight coil of hair on the top or back of the head is also called a bun. The origin is probably the French buignete, "a fritter," which had the unpleasant original meaning of "a boil" or "a skin swelling."
WORD FAMILY
bun: buns
USAGE EXAMPLES
You break off a piece of the meat, top it with a bit of the salty greens, and tuck it into a fluffy bun.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The thick slices of overnight-smoked brisket in the Stacked sandwich are tender enough to chew through without dragging the whole pile off the bun.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The adorable cherubic face of the Honey Bun Baby brought us one of the sweetest memes of 2016.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 圆形的小面包或点心; （女子的）圆发髻; 酒宴，闹饮; 〈英方〉尾巴
分布：小面包(67%)，圆发髻(33%)
→拟声词，原指头上被敲出的肿块。后词义戏剧般的指代各种圆形小物体。如小面包，圆发髻，屁股，兔子等。
noun
FOOD 食物
countable
■a small, sweet, usually round cake 小圆面包；小圆甜蛋糕
• a currant bun 葡萄干小圆面包
countable mainly US
■a small round piece of bread, especially one which is cut horizontally and holds a burger 小圆面包；（尤指）汉堡包
• a hamburger bun 一个用来做汉堡的面包
[bʌn] noun
HAIRSTYLE 发式
countable
■a woman's hairstyle where the hair is brought together into a round shape at the back of the head 圆发髻
• She wore her hair in a bun. 她将头发挽成一个圆发髻。
[bʌn] noun
BOTTOM 臀部
countable usually plural mainly US slang
■a buttock (= one side of a person's bottom) 屁股（的一半）
[bʌn] noun
have a bun in the oven old-fashioned humorous
■to be pregnant 怀孕
n. 小圆面包
 - dinner Roll, tabnab

Word: blowout
Front: blowout
[ˈbləʊaʊt] (16873/-)
Vocabulary: blowout
(once / 3738 pages)
1n 2n 3n
When something stops working or breaks down, you can call it a blowout. The blowout of a city's electrical system can be a particularly big problem.
A blowout most often involves air or gas pressure — a blowout when you're driving on the highway is a popped tire. You can also use the word to mean a really easy victory in sports, like your favorite football team's blowout victory over its rival. Yet another meaning of blowout is a fabulous party: "Let's have a blowout to celebrate your twenty-first birthday!" The original, colloquial American meaning of blowout was "outburst," or what might today be called a "blow up."
WORD FAMILY
blowout: blowouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It started with an embarrassing blowout loss against an NFC West opponent.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The short-handed Clippers lost their fifth game in a row on Friday night, a 140-116 blowout loss in Houston.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Hulseman preferred that his cups be used at family outings, not at rowdy, boozy blowouts.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 爆胎; 盛宴; 盛大聚会; 轻易的胜利
分布：爆裂(58%)，喷出(18%)，爆裂口(9%)，宴会(9%)，单方胜利(6%)
US ['bloʊ-] noun countable
EXPLOSION 爆炸 mainly US a sudden explosion of a tyre on a road vehicle while it is moving quickly 车胎爆裂，爆胎
UK ['bləʊ.aʊt] US ['bloʊ-] noun countable
MEAL 饭 UK informal
■a very large meal 盛宴
US informal
■a large party or social occasion 盛大聚会；重大社交场合
n. 爆裂；喷出； [电] 保险丝烧断；井中喷水或油等
 - extrusion, dekrepitation

Word: cantonese

Word: cardiovascular
Front: cardiovascular
[ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r)] (7967/17592 -1)
Back: adj. 心血管的
分布：心脏血管的(100%)
→card, 心脏。-vas, 管，容器，词源同vase, vessel.
US [ˌkɑ:r.di.oʊ'væs.kjə.lɚ] specialized
adjective
■relating to the heart and blood vessels (= tubes that carry blood around the body) 心血管的
• cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病

Word: cinderella

Word: clench
Front: clench
[klentʃ] (宝 8816/8294 -1)
Vocabulary: clench
(once / 699 pages)
1vn 2n
When you clench something, you grip, press, or squeeze it. You might clench your fists when you're angry or clench your teeth when you're worried, for example.
People often clench parts of their own bodies, but they can also clench other things. Your grandmother might tend to clench you in her arms when you visit her, and a toddler might clench his stuffed animal to his chest when he falls asleep at night. The Old English root of clench is beclencan, which means "to hold fast or make cling," and it has the same origins as the word cling.
WORD FAMILY
clench: clenched, clenches, clenching
USAGE EXAMPLES
My senses clouded, chest trembled and muscles clenched.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
“Everybody too serious,” Cheng explained during a lesson last month, clenching a paddle with white knuckles before releasing into a shrug.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
When his mother called him on his lie, he clenched his teeth and explained his mentality: “It’s just in me.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 紧握，抓紧; 钉牢; [航海] 系紧：用绳结捆绑
n. 抓紧，咬紧; 抓紧用具
时态：clenched, clenching, clenches
分布：紧握(37%)，确定(18%)，紧咬(18%)，牢牢抓住(9%)，牢牢地抓住(9%)，钉紧(9%)
→来自cling 拼写变体。比较stink,stench.
verb transitive
■to close or hold something very tightly, often in a determined or angry way （常指坚决或生气地）捏紧，握紧，咬紧
• The old man clenched his fist and waved it angrily at us. 那老头紧握着拳头，气哼哼地向我们挥舞着。
• With a knife clenched in/between his teeth, he climbed up the tree to cut some coconuts. 他嘴里紧咬着一把刀，爬上树去割椰子。
• "Get out of here, " she said through clenched teeth. “滚出去，”她咬牙切齿地说。
vt. 紧握；确定；把…敲弯
 - confirm, identify
vi. 握紧；钉牢
 - hammer on, nail up

Word: citizenry
Front: citizenry
[ˈsɪtɪzənri] (12187/34813)
Back: n. 全体国民; 全体州居民; 全体市民
分布：市民(100%)
公民(总称)(citizen公民)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
N-SING-COLL
全体国民;全体州居民;全体市民
The people living in a country, state, or city can be referred to as the citizenry .
例：He used the medium of radio when he wanted to enlist public support or reassure the citizenry...他利用广播媒介来获得公众支持或安定民心。
例：I think we lack a citizenry that is adequately willing to take responsibility.我觉得我们缺乏非常愿意承担责任的公民。
n. 市民；公民
 - people, municipality, burgher

Word: constantinople
Front: constantinople
[ˌkɔnstæntiˈnəupl] (-/13301)
Back: 君士坦丁堡
分布：名词(100%)

Word: contributory
Front: contributory
[kənˈtrɪbjətəri] (28871/10287)
Back: adj. 促成的; 促进的; 起作用的; 需要受益人付钱的
分布：促成…的(25%)，有贡献的(25%)，由捐助支付的(25%)，有助的(25%)
有贡献的[tribut=give,表示"给予"]
US [-jə.tɔ:r.i] adjective
■describes something that you contribute to 捐献的；奉献的
• The company offers a contributory UK pension scheme / US pension plan (= one to which both the employee and employer pay money). 该公司实行雇主和雇员共同缴存养老金计划。
Opposite non-contributory helping to cause something 起作用的；导致…的；促成的
• Too little exercise is a contributory factor in heart disease. 缺乏锻炼是引起心脏病的一个因素。
adj. 捐助的；贡献的；有助于…的
 - conducive
n. 捐助者；贡献人
 - benefactor, doner

Word: defame
Front: defame
[dɪˈfeɪm] (托宝 23671/38371)
Vocabulary: defame
(once / 3312 pages)
v
Even though Joan Jett sang about not minding her bad reputation, most of us don't want others to defame us. To defame is to gossip, even if the story is made-up, with the goal of hurting someone's image.
We usually think of fame as a positive thing. Love, admiration, and people wanting to be like you — it all comes with the territory. The de- in defame means "remove." So if someone tries to defame a person, fame — or a good reputation — is taken away. Celebrities protect themselves from those who want to defame them, arming themselves with lawyers.
WORD FAMILY
defame: defamation, defamatory, defamed, defamer, defames, defaming+/ defamation: defamations/defamer: defamers/ fame: defame, fames, famous / famous: famouser, famousest, famously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Clearly the instigator of this media lynching is looking for her 15 minutes of fame, by defaming me in her novel.”
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Ramsey claimed the TV network, production company Critical Content and expert interviewees conspired to defame him for publicity and profit.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
General Dostum’s office, in a statement, called the accusation a conspiracy to defame the vice president.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 诽谤，中伤
时态：defamed, defaming, defames
分布：诽谤(54%)，中伤(34%)，损毁名誉(12%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。fame, 名声。即诽谤，造成不好的名声。
诽谤,中伤(de+fame名声→名声变坏→诽谤)[de-①表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等②表示"使…成为,加强"等]
[dɪ'feɪm] formal
verb transitive
■to damage the reputation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them which are not true 诋毁，中伤，败坏…的名誉
• Mr Turnock claimed the editorial had defamed him. 特诺克先生声称那篇社论有损他的名誉。
Compare libel ; slander
v. 诽谤；中伤
 - speak evil of, stab in the back

Word: curdle
Front: curdle
[ˈkɜ:dl] (宝 25455/23324)
Vocabulary: curdle
(once / 4235 pages)
v
When things curdle, they turn from liquid gradually to solid, forming clumps along the way. If you leave milk out of the refrigerator long enough, it will curdle.
When a liquid curdles, it forms curds, or lumpy solid masses. In some cases this is deliberate, as when you make cheese or tofu. Other times, you might accidentally let something curdle, like a custard or sauce, or a forgotten container of cream at the back of your refrigerator. Curdle was originally crudle, from crud (later curd), "any coagulated substance," or "congeal."
WORD FAMILY
curdle: curdled, curdles, curdling
USAGE EXAMPLES
And he reaffirms how, if you can look past the glitter, there has always been a curdled heart at pop’s center.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Later, though, is where he tweaks the original style, unleashing the more forceful side of his voice to curdle sweetness into hunger.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
By the end, his message had curdled into something grumpier and less constructive.
Seattle Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）凝结
时态：curdled, curdling, curdles
分布：凝结(54%)，变稠(35%)，变成凝乳状(11%)
→来自curd,凝乳，凝结。
【记】读：蝌蚪（见上）
US ['kɝ:-] verb intransitive or transitive
■If a liquid curdles, or you curdle it, it gets thicker and develops lumps. （使）凝固；（使）凝结
UK ['kɜ:.dl] US ['kɝ:-] verb intransitive or transitive
make sb's blood curdle (also curdle sb's blood)
■to fill someone with fear 让（某人）血液凝固；令（某人）毛骨悚然
• The strange sound made his blood curdle. 那奇怪的声音令他毛骨悚然。
⇒ See also blood-curdling
vi. 凝固
 - set
vt. 使凝结
 - set

Word: craftsmanship
Front: craftsmanship
[ˈkrɑ:ftsmənʃɪp] (15188/15459 -1)
Vocabulary: craftsmanship
(once / 8659 pages)
n
Craftsmanship is what skilled artists and builders demonstrate when they create something.
A well-built log house or a gorgeous hand-knit blanket both require craftsmanship to create. Craftsmanship comes from craftsman, whose root is the Old English cræft, which originally meant "physical strength" and later evolved to mean "trade or handicraft."
WORD FAMILY
craftsman: craftsmanship, craftsmen
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his commercial instincts and pop craftsmanship were still in evidence, from the Beatles-esque harmonies of Heal The Pain to the mournful Praying For Time.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Inspired by British design reform movements, she emphasized quality of materials and craftsmanship over showy display.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
“It’s just proven that Muncie supports craftsmanship and the arts,” Jones said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 技术，技艺; 工力
分布：技术(100%)
US ['kræfts-] noun uncountable
■skill at making things 工艺；手艺；技艺
• The jewellery showed exquisite craftsmanship. 这些珠宝展示了精美的制作工艺。
n. 技术；技艺
 - technology, science, mechanics, skill, accomplishment

Word: drudgery
Front: drudgery
[ˈdrʌdʒəri] (托雅宝 20108/19455)
Vocabulary: drudgery
(once / 2404 pages)
n
If you’ve ever had to do the laundry, wash the dishes, make the meals, change the bedding, vacuum the house, and clean the bathrooms day after day, you’ve experienced drudgery. Drudgery is hard, mindless, backbreaking work.
When you say the word drudgery, you can almost feel the hard, plodding work that it describes. You have to put some effort into saying the dr- sound. Then, as soon as you get through the breathy -u-, you’ve got two more hard sounds in -dg- and -er- before you get another break with the final vowel sound. Just as you might drag yourself doing those repetitive, grinding chores, you have to drag your way through pronouncing the word.
WORD FAMILY
drudgery: drudgeries+/ drudge: drudged, drudgery, drudges, drudging/drudging: drudgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He finds training to be drudgery and even racing brings as much apprehension as joy.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
According to a report by Accenture, artificial intelligence will free people from the drudgery of administrative tasks in many industries.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
“Part of the fun of all this is escaping the drudgery of real life,” Hamill says.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 苦工，贱役，单调沉闷的工作
分布：苦工(60%)，苦差事(40%)
→来自drudge, 苦工。
【反】rewarding work（美差）
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■hard boring work 辛苦乏味的工作
• the drudgery of housework 繁重且乏味的家务
n. 苦工，苦差事
 - hard labor, slogging

Word: dialysis
Front: dialysis
[ˌdaɪˈæləsɪs] (14934/22077)
Back: n. 透析，分离; 断离; 渗析
分布：透析(93%)，渗析(7%)
→dia-, 穿过，整个的。-lys, 分开，记源同lose, analysis. 用于医学名词透析。
[daɪ'æl.ə.sɪs] specialized
noun uncountable
■a process of separating substances from liquid by putting them through a thin piece of skin-like material, especially to make pure the blood of people whose kidneys are not working correctly 渗析，透析；（尤指对肾病患者做的）血液透析
• a dialysis machine 透析机
• kidney dialysis 肾透析
• She is on (= being treated by) dialysis. 她在接受透析治疗。

Word: eleventh
Front: eleventh
[ɪ'levnθ] (13428/7132 -4)
Back: num. 第十一; 十一分之一的
n. 第十一; （每月的）第十一日; 十一分之一
分布：第十一(46%)，第十一的(27%)，十一分之一的(27%)
ordinal number
■11th written as a word 第十一（的）
[ɪ'lev.ənθ] ordinal number
the eleventh hour
■the last moment or almost too late 最后一刻，最后时刻
• We only received the signatures at the eleventh hour. 我们只是在最后一刻才收到签名。
• an eleventh-hour decision by the union to call off the strike 工会在最后一刻作出的取消罢工的决定
[ɪ'lev.ənθ] noun countable
■one of eleven equal parts of something 十一分之一

Word: dowdy
Front: dowdy
[ˈdaʊdi] (宝 24720/21877)
Vocabulary: dowdy
(once / 13922 pages)
1adj 2n
Someone dowdy dresses badly and has a shabby, unstylish appearance. If you can’t remember the last time you went shopping, beware, you may be dowdy.
People tend to use the word dowdy mostly to describe women, in particular older women. In addition, it not only means shabbily dressed, but also relates specifically to the idea of style, or rather the lack of it. Applied to clothing, it also means out of date, in an old-fashioned, dull sort of way. Wild 1970s-style love beads may be out of style, but they can never be called dowdy! A sensible gray tweed skirt or the person wearing it? Most likely dowdy!
WORD FAMILY
dowdy: dowdier, dowdies, dowdiest, dowdily, dowdiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Could we try something a little younger, less dowdy?
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
The residents of this miserable burg are narrow-minded, dowdy and dumb.
Seattle Times(Sep 29, 2016)
It cites terror, but people are also fed up with its dowdy, badly-repaired theme park.
Economist(Aug 18, 2016)
Back: adj. （指衣服）不漂亮的，俗气的，（穿着）邋遢的
级别：dowdier, dowdiest
分布：邋遢的(31%)，寒酸的(27%)，过时的(24%)，懒散的(18%)
→词源不详。
【源】原指：放荡、乏味而衣着破旧的女人
【记】dow＝down，dy＝tidy－不干净－不整洁跟我唱：你dowdy爱不爱我，我不知该说些什么？你dowdy爱不爱我，虽然我是个邋遢大王；你dowdy爱不爱我，虽然我这样的人已经过时；你dowdy爱不爱我，我这样的你去哪里找？你dowdy爱不爱我＝你到底爱不爱我（不会没听过吧？）
['daʊ.di] disapproving
adjective
■(especially of clothes or the person wearing them) not attractive or fashionable （尤指衣服或穿此类衣服的人）土气的，过时的，不时髦的
• a dowdy skirt 过时的裙子
• She looked dowdy and plain. 她看起来既土气又不起眼。
adj. 懒散的；过时的；寒酸的
 - ancient, slouchy
n. 懒散的女人；邋遢女人
 - malkin, callet

Word: embroider
Front: embroider
[ɪmˈbrɔɪdə(r)] (托宝 13767/14482 -1)
Vocabulary: embroider
(once / 432 pages)
v
To embroider means to decorate with needlework. Picture your great grandmother's pillowcases or Hester Prynne's famous scarlet letter "A" — both of those objects are probably embroidered.
To embroider refers to a type of ornamentation or needlework, but another usage of the word embroider means to embellish the truth. For example, if a fisherman sitting on the dock tells you about the 38 inch striped bass he almost caught this morning, he may have found a way to embroider the truth.
WORD FAMILY
embroider: embroidered, embroiderer, embroidering, embroiders, embroidery +/embroiderer: embroiderers/ embroidery: embroideries
USAGE EXAMPLES
All nations embroider their history to some extent.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
She was wrapped in a red “Colours” brand golf shirt that featured a crest embroidered with the words “Sport. Athletic. Champion.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Inside were trunks packed with perfectly preserved Victorian-age garments and goods, hand-sewn men’s shirts, painstakingly embroidered napkins and homespun baby clothes.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 刺绣; 在…上绣花; 渲染
时态：embroidered, embroidering, embroiders
分布：刺绣(61%)，装饰(21%)，镶边(18%)
→em-, 进入，使。-broid, 词源同braid, 编织，穗带。
【记】broider（vt 刺绣）embro＝umbro（英国恩宝，曾经是曼联的运动服赞助商，其标志使两个嵌套的菱形，各大商场均有销售）这个东西就是刺绣在衣服上的。
【参】embroidery（n 刺绣品）
US [-dɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
DECORATE CLOTH 装饰
■to decorate cloth or clothing with patterns or pictures consisting of stitches that are sewn directly onto the material 在…上刺绣；（在…上）绣（花样）
• I am embroidering this picture for my mother. 我正在为妈妈绣这幅画。
UK [ɪm'brɔɪ.dər] US [-dɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
ADD TO A STORY 加入故事中
■to make a story more entertaining by adding imaginary details to it （对故事等）润饰，渲染，修饰
• Naturally, I embroidered the tale a little to make it more interesting. 很自然地，我讲这个故事时作了一点渲染，好让它更有趣。
vt. 刺绣；装饰；镶边
 - paint, hang

Word: flabby
Front: flabby
[ˈflæbi] (托雅宝 21061/20314)
Vocabulary: flabby
(once / 3896 pages)
adj
If you're flabby, you're out of shape, with a soft, slack body. Some people join a gym when they're feeling a little flabby.
People who are flabby aren't star athletes — you may be flabby after a long, cold winter spent mostly indoors, or feel flabby as you struggle to hike up a mountain. You can describe other things as figuratively flabby too, if they're a little sloppy or weak. Flabby writing is messy and disorganized, and a flabby politician is ineffective. Flabby started as flappy, "softly fleshy," in the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
flabby: flabbier, flabbiest, flabbily, flabbiness+/ flab: flabby, flabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Separately, skipping workouts might not only make your stomach flabby.
New York Times(Sep 29, 2016)
But, they say, “there is something about music” — a sentence typical of the unsubstantiated, feel-good claims that fill this flabby, ardent book.
Washington Post(Sep 28, 2016)
Dominique Ansel had a problem: his pastries were too flabby.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 肌肉松垂的，肥胖的
adv. 肌肉松垂地，肥胖地
n. （肌肉等）不结实，松弛
分布：松弛的(52%)，软弱的(26%)，没气力的(15%)，不稳的(7%)
【记】源于：flaggy（adj 不振作的；萎靡的）flag（n 旗子；v 无力地下垂）因为在没风的时候flag就flagflab＝flac松弛
adjective
FAT 肥胖的 informal disapproving
■soft and fat 松弛的；肥胖的
• flabby arms/thighs 肥胖的手臂／大腿
• I was starting to get a bit flabby around my waist. 我腰部的肉开始有点松弛了。
['flæb.i] adjective
WEAK 虚弱的
■weak and without force 软弱无力的
• a flabby argument 说服力弱的论据
adj. 松弛的；软弱的；没气力的；优柔寡断的
 - laid, soft

Word: fingertip
Front: fingertip
[ˈfɪŋgətɪp] (托 7248/9893 -1)
Back: n. 指尖; 指套
分布：指尖(97%)，触手可及(3%)
US [-gɚ-] noun countable
■the end of a finger 指尖
• Use your fingertips to gently flatten the pastry. 用指尖轻轻地把油酥面团弄平。
UK ['fɪŋ.gə.tɪp] US [-gɚ-] noun countable
at your fingertips
■If you have something at your fingertips, you can get it and use it very easily 近在手边；很容易得到；随时可供使用
• He has all the latest statistics at his fingertips. 他手头上有所有最新的统计值。
UK ['fɪŋ.gə.tɪp] US [-gɚ-] noun countable
be an artist/professional, etc. to your fingertips UK
■to be a perfect or typical example of something 十足的艺术家／专业人士等
• Mark, a professional to his fingertips, insisted that we follow the correct procedures. 马克是个百分百的专业人士，他坚持要我们遵照正确的程式。

Word: emphatic
Front: emphatic
[ɪmˈfætɪk] (托宝 14058/11264 -1)
Vocabulary: emphatic
(once / 485 pages)
adj
Emphatic means forceful and clear. Nicole's mother was emphatic when she told her not to come home late again.
When something is emphatic, it imparts emphasis. A sentence is made emphatic by adding an exclamation point, and the word carries with it the important and urgent feeling of that punctuation mark. If a baseball team defeats another by 10 runs, the victory is emphatic because like strong speech, the victory is clear and forceful.
WORD FAMILY
emphatic: emphatically, unemphatic+/unemphatic: unemphatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The data provided a “flicker of optimism” Mizuho Bank economists said in a commentary, “But this is a far cry from an emphatic recovery.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Scallywag skipper David Witt was emphatic that “the race record will be broken.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Monk is emphatic about improving his rebounding and acknowledges that phase of his game is a work in progress for Kentucky’s backcourt.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 着重的; 强调的; 显著的; 加强语气的
分布：强调的(77%)，有目共睹的(23%)
US [-'fætˌ-] adjective
■done or said in a strong way and without any doubt 坚决的，断然的，有力的
• Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5-0 victory over Italy. 波兰队昨天五比零大胜义大利队，杀入了锦标赛的决赛。
• The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation. 部长发表声明断然驳斥了这一指控。
adj. 着重的；加强语气的；显著的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: gentile
Front: gentile
[ˈdʒentaɪl] (30013/17620)
Vocabulary: gentile
(once / 891 pages)
nadj
Use the word gentile to mean non-Jewish, like the gentile friend you invite to your family's Passover Seder because she's curious about Jewish religious traditions.
When Gentile is a noun, it's usually capitalized, and it's most frequently used to contrast a Christian with a Jew. There are other religions that use the word gentile to describe a non-believer, including Mormonism and Hinduism. More generally, gentile refers to a person who doesn't acknowledge a particular god or belief. The root is the Latin gentilis, whose meaning of "fellow countryman or family member" changed over time to mean "foreign, heathen, pagan."
WORD FAMILY
gentile: gentilely, gentiles, gentily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, passed in 1786, which protected “the Jew and the gentile, the Christian and the Mahometan.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Gentile’s lawyer said Friday that Gentile is no longer near death as he was three months ago.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Gentile, a prominent Nevada criminal defense and constitutional law attorney, didn’t immediately respond to a question about whether Sunna will claim self-defense.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 非犹太人，异教徒
adj. 非犹太人的，异教徒的，非摩门教徒的
分布：异教徒(31%)，非犹太教徒(21%)，非摩门教徒的(18%)，非犹太人的(12%)，异教徒的(12%)，非摩门教徒(6%)
→来自拉丁文gens, 种族，民族，异族。来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate. 后用来指非犹太人，外邦人。
(also Gentile) ['dʒen.taɪl] noun countable
■a person who is not Jewish 非犹太人；非犹太教徒
• The war memorial was dedicated to both Jews and Gentiles. 这座战争纪念碑既是为了纪念犹太人也是为了缅怀非犹太人。
adj. 非犹太人的；异教徒的；非摩门教徒的
 - uncircumcised
n. 非犹太人；异教徒；异邦人
 - goy, unbeliever

Word: flywheel
Front: flywheel
[ˈflaɪwi:l] (27010/28831)
Back: n. 调速轮
分布：飞轮(100%)
noun countable specialized
■a heavy wheel in a machine which helps the machine to work at a regular speed 飞轮；惯性轮
n. [机] 飞轮，惯性轮；调速轮
 - inertia wheel

Word: glint
Front: glint
[glɪnt] (13191/16324 -1)
Vocabulary: glint
(once / 1598 pages)
1nv 2v
A glint is a brief flash or flicker of light. You might enjoy gazing at the glint of light on the water as you lie on the beach in the summer time.
You can use the word glint as a noun or a verb: your brother's braces might glint in the afternoon sun, and freshly fallen snow sometimes glints under streetlamps at night. Glint is a Scottish word, first coined in the late 1700s, that comes from the Middle English glenten, "gleam, flash, or glisten." Its ultimate root is Scandinavian, possibly from the same root as the word glass.
WORD FAMILY
glint: glinted, glinting, glints
USAGE EXAMPLES
It refers to high dynamic range, which allows images to appear more vibrant and detailed - especially in scenes containing both glints of light and shadows.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
I couldn’t see what was inside, just a glint, like the flicker of a star.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
She used the entire package, and when she was done not a single blade glinted in the hallway lights.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 闪烁，闪光; 窥视; （箭一样）飞出; 使发光，使闪光
n. 闪光，闪耀; 短暂微弱的显露; （雷达的）回波起伏
vi. 闪烁; （光线）反射; 闪闪发光
时态：glinted, glinting, glints
分布：闪烁(63%)，闪闪发光(20%)，闪耀(17%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold.
verb intransitive
■to produce small bright flashes of light reflected from a surface （由于表面反射而）闪烁，闪光
• The stream glinted in the moonlight. 月光下溪流闪着粼粼波光。
• A large diamond glinted on her finger. 她手指上一颗硕大的钻戒闪闪发光。
■When someone's eyes glint, they look bright, expressing a strong emotion （眼睛）闪闪发光
• She smiled at him, her eyes glinting with mischief. 她向他微笑，眼神里透着调皮。
[glɪnt] noun countable usually singular
■when something glints 闪烁，闪光
• the glint of a knife 刀子的闪光
• a mischievous glint in his eye 他眼中闪烁的调皮光芒
n. 闪烁；闪光
 - scintillation, lambency
vi. 闪烁；（光线）反射；闪闪发光
 - reflect, spark
vt. 使闪光；使发光
 - flash, fire

Word: glaze
Front: glaze
[gleɪz] (托宝 9176/13775 -1)
Vocabulary: glaze
(once / 936 pages)
nv
The glaze on a doughnut is the thin sweet coating that makes your fingers sticky. The glaze on a coffee table is the shiny coating that makes it glossy. The glaze on your friend's eyes as you talk is a sign that maybe you're boring her.
Like glass, a glaze is a shiny clear substance so it's no surprise that they both come from the same root word glas. Objects that have a glaze on them include ceramic pots and doughnuts. If you glaze over something, you're covering it with a thin clear substance that makes it look polished. If someone says your eyes are starting to glaze over, snap out of it and look alive.
WORD FAMILY
glaze: deglaze, glazed, glazer, glazes, glazier, glazing+/deglaze: deglazing/ glazed: glazedly, unglazed/glazer: glazers/glazier: glaziers
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you do, her eyes will glaze over and you won’t get anywhere.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
The part you need is called a glazing bead.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
But there’s one aspect of holiday ham, in all its retro glory, that I do miss: that sticky-sweet glaze.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 装玻璃; 上釉于; 上光
vi. （目光）变得呆滞无神; 变得光滑
n. 上釉的表面; 釉料; 光滑面; （浇在糕点上增加光泽的）蛋浆
时态：glazed, glazing, glazes
分布：釉(88%)，上釉(6%)，变呆滞(3%)，装以玻璃(1%)，变得光滑(1%)，覆罩的一层(1%)
→词源同glass, 玻璃。字母s,z音变。
【记】源于glaze＝glass玻璃，一层透明的物质－釉
【反】rumple（v 弄皱）
verb
GLASS 玻璃
transitive
■to put a piece of glass into a window or the windows of a building 装玻璃于；给（窗户）装玻璃
• The house is nearly finished but it hasn't been glazed yet. 房子即将完工，但是窗户还没有装玻璃。
[gleɪz] verb
SHINY 发光的
transitive
■to make a surface shiny by putting a liquid substance onto it and leaving it or heating it until it dries 给…上釉；给…上光；使光滑，使光亮
• Glaze the pastry with beaten egg. 往油酥面团里加入打匀的鸡蛋，好使它亮滑。
• The pot had been badly glazed. 这个罐子上釉上得很差。
[gleɪz] verb
BORED 无聊的
intransitive (also glaze over)
■If your eyes glaze or glaze over, they stay still and stop showing any emotion because you are bored or tired or have stopped listening （眼神）变呆滞，发呆
• Among the audience, eyes glazed over and a few heads started to nod. 听众目光变得呆滞无神，少数人开始打盹。
[gleɪz] noun countable
■a substance used to glaze something 釉，釉料；（用来使食物有光泽的）浆，汁
• a cake with a redcurrant glaze 浇有红醋栗果浆的蛋糕
• pottery with a fine translucent glaze 发出半透明光泽的陶器
n. [陶瓷] 釉；光滑面
 - glost, glair

Word: foreboding
Front: foreboding
[fɔ:ˈbəʊdɪŋ] (16427/15724)
Vocabulary: foreboding
(once / 1284 pages)
nadj
When you get a foreboding, you get a sense that something bad is going to happen. A foreboding is a foretelling, a sign or a glimpse, that "something wicked this way comes" — or might come.
If something doesn’t "bode" well, it means that the future doesn't look good. A foreboding is a glimpse or a feeling that bad things are going to happen. It's a premonition, or look into the future. Most times foreboding implies that something evil is coming, but sometimes it's used for anything bad up ahead, as in "she had a foreboding that the trip would get canceled due to the hurricane." Even if the future looks bright, a foreboding casts dread over what's ahead.
WORD FAMILY
foreboding: forebodingly, forebodings+/ bode: boded, bodes, boding, forebode/boding: bodings/forebode: foreboded, forebodes, foreboding
USAGE EXAMPLES
But prior to Friday’s bout, one foreboding figure loomed for the challenger.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
When there’s a cloud this large and foreboding no lining, silver or otherwise, will suffice.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
On reflection, art was simply reflecting life, a sense of foreboding and dread running throughout.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （对不祥之事的）预感，预知
adj. <文>（对不祥之事）预感的，预知的
v. <正>预示（灾祸等）( forebode的现在分词 )
分布：不祥的预感(80%)，有不祥预感的(10%)，动词forbode的现在分词形式.(10%)
US [fɔ:r'boʊ-] noun countable or uncountable literary
■a feeling that something very bad is going to happen soon （对不祥之事的）预感
• There's a sense of foreboding in the capital, as if fighting might at any minute break out. 在首都有种不祥的预感，似乎战争随时都可能爆发。
• Her forebodings about the future were to prove justified. 她对未来的不祥预感即将得到证实。
• [+ (that)] He had a strange foreboding (that) something would go wrong. 他有种要出问题的奇怪的预感。
n. 预感；先兆；预兆
 - warning, anticipation

Word: handwriting
Front: handwriting
[ˈhændraɪtɪŋ] (中高研四六 9204/7825 -1)
Vocabulary: handwriting
(once / 852 pages)
n
The process of writing something with a pen or pencil is handwriting. And you can call the way you write your handwriting too. By the time you finish the handwriting of a hundred Christmas cards, your handwriting will probably be illegible.
When you're taking notes or working on your novel, your process can involve typing, dictating, or handwriting — scrawling on a piece of paper with a pen. Your typical style of scrawl is also called your handwriting — it's the script in which you write. Doctors are kind of famous for having terrible handwriting, while elementary school teachers tend to have very tidy, legible handwriting.
WORD FAMILY
handwriting: handwritings+/handwrite: handwriting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boulder police hired handwriting experts to compare the note to samples from the girl’s parents, and the experts cleared John Ramsey as the author.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In that last episode, Durst was presented with evidence that his handwriting appeared to match that of Berman's likely killer.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
In English, Italian or other languages, youngsters' handwriting adorn the envelopes addressed to Father Christmas, some decorated with colorful hearts and stars.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 书法，手书; 笔迹，字迹
v. 亲手写(handwrite的ing形式)
分布：笔迹(66%)，书法(34%)
→hand,手，writing,书写。
n.笔迹,手迹,书法Your handwriting is very good.你的书法很好.
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■writing with a pen or pencil 书写
• We need to ensure that handwriting is properly taught in our primary schools. 我们要确保小学里有正规的习字课。
 ADVANCED
■the particular way in which someone forms letters with a pen or pencil 字迹，笔迹
• His handwriting is illegible. 他的笔迹很难认。
n. [法] 笔迹；书法；书写；手稿
 - writing, calligraphy

Word: granddaughter
Front: granddaughter
[ˈgrændɔ:tə(r)] (中高四六 8528/11766 -K1)
Back: n. （外）孙女
分布：孙女(84%)，外孙女(16%)
US [-dɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the daughter of a person's son or daughter （外）孙女

Word: gnaw
Front: gnaw
[nɔ:] (六托宝 12600/15154 -1)
Vocabulary: gnaw
(once / 1007 pages)
v
To gnaw is to bite or chew. Your favorite food might be corn on the cob, because you love to gnaw along each row of kernels.
To gnaw also means to deteriorate or wear away as if by gnawing with the teeth. In Arches National Park, the weather has gnawed away at the rocks creating beautiful formations like arches, bridges, and balanced rocks. In this sense, to gnaw can be used even more figuratively. Something might gnaw at the back of your mind — something you were supposed to do, although now you can't quite remember what it was.
WORD FAMILY
gnaw: gnawed, gnawer, gnawing, gnawn, gnaws+/gnawer: gnawers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Write what matters to you, write what gnaws at you at night, write what you’re scared of, write what hurts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
That imposes a constant, gnawing pressure on millions of Californians?
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But there’s a gnawing problem: People aren’t sure what to call it.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 咬，啮; 使苦恼，折磨; 侵蚀; 使腐蚀
vi. 咬; 折磨; 侵蚀
时态：gnawed, gnawing, gnaws
分布：咬(47%)，折磨(28%)，侵蚀(25%)
→拟声词，咬东西的声音。
US [nɑ:] verb intransitive + prep transitive
BITE 咬
■to bite or chew something repeatedly, usually making a hole in it or gradually destroying it 咬，啮，啃（通常指啃出孔洞或逐渐啃坏）
• Babies like to gnaw hard objects when they're teething. 婴儿在长牙时喜欢啃咬硬物。
• A dog lay under the table, gnawing on a bone. 一只狗趴在桌下啃骨头。
UK [nɔ:] US [nɑ:] verb intransitive + prep transitive
FEEL WORRIED 感到担忧
■to make you feel worried or uncomfortable 使烦恼；折磨
• I've been gnawed by guilt about not replying to her letter yet. 我到现在还没有回她的信，心里一直感到很内疚。
• The feeling that I've forgotten something has been gnawing at me all day. 我一整天都坐立不安，总是觉得忘了甚么事情。
UK [nɔ:] US [nɑ:] verb intransitive + prep transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  gnaw away at sth
■to gradually reduce or spoil something 磨损；消耗；侵蚀
• Bad debts are continuing to gnaw away at the bank's profits. 坏帐继续吞噬银行的利润。
bite, snap, gnaw, chew
这组词都有“咬、啃”的意思，其区别是：
bite: 指用牙齿钳住或切断，或咬一口。
snap: 指突然猛咬。
gnaw: 指连续不断用齿咬。
chew: 指用牙磨碎。
vt. 咬；折磨；侵蚀
 - harry, worry, trouble, weather, tear
vi. 咬；折磨；侵蚀
 - bite, grind down

Word: indus
Front: indus
['indəs] (-/28876)
Back: abbr. industrial 工业的; industry 工业
分布：名词(100%)

Word: inculcate
Front: inculcate
[ˈɪnkʌlkeɪt] (托宝 18562/20041)
Vocabulary: inculcate
(once / 1718 pages)
v
To inculcate is to teach through frequent instruction. If you repeatedly tell your brother how important it is to be responsible, then you’re trying to inculcate in him a sense of responsibility.
The word inculcate traces back to the Latin word inculcare, meaning “to force upon or to stamp in.” If anyone has even tried to inculcate you with something, it may seem as if something is being stamped into your brain — over and over and over. A key thing to remember about this word is repetition: something, such as a value or a belief, is instilled in the brain by the persistent restating of its importance.
WORD FAMILY
inculcate: inculcated, inculcates, inculcating, inculcation +/ inculcation: inculcations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recent events in her life had, however, inculcated a newfound habit of suspicion.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“I think it’s rather pernicious to inculcate into a child a view of the world which includes supernaturalism,” he said in a 2014 talk.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
The following school year, beginning in 2015, Islamic State imposed an entirely new curriculum to inculcate children with their ideology.
Reuters(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 极力主张，反复灌输
时态：inculcated, inculcating, inculcates
分布：教育(55%)，谆谆教诲(45%)
→in-,进入，使，-culc,踩，踢，词源同decal,recalcitrant,calceus(拉丁文，鞋子)。
【记】in进入，culc＝cult培养，种植，ate－种进去－灌输
【参】cultivate（vt 培养；耕作）
['ɪŋ.kʌl.keɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to fix beliefs or ideas in someone's mind, especially by repeating them often 反覆灌输；谆谆教诲
• Our football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players. 我们的足球队教练努力给运动员灌输团队精神。
vt. 教育；谆谆教诲；教授；反覆灌输
 - school, breed

Word: interplay
Front: interplay
[ˈɪntəpleɪ] (宝 11797/15329)
Back: n. 相互作用
分布：相互影响(100%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，play,扮演角色，起作用。
US [-tˌɚ-] noun uncountable
■the effect that two or more things have on each other 相互影响，相互作用
• Our personalities result from the complex interplay between our genes and our environment. 我们的个性是基因与环境之间复杂的相互影响的结果。
n. 相互影响，相互作用
 - interaction effect, reciprocity

Word: imperfection
Front: imperfection
[ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn] (12940/14100)
Vocabulary: imperfection
(once / 1392 pages)
n
An imperfection is a detail that makes something (or someone) less than perfect. A tiny crack in your otherwise flawless Ming vase might be its only imperfection.
In addition to a blemish or defect, imperfection can also mean "the general state of not being perfect." For example, you could say, "Yeah, my dog is funny-looking, but her imperfection is part of what I love about her." The Latin imperfectus is at the root of imperfection, meaning "unfinished, incomplete, or immature," a combination of im-, "not," and perfectus, "finished or complete."
WORD FAMILY
imperfection: imperfections+/ imperfect: imperfectly, imperfectness, imperfects/imperfectible: imperfectibility/ perfect: imperfect, perfected, perfectedly, perfecter, perfectest, perfectible, perfecting, perfection, perfective, perfectly, perfects/perfecter: perfecters/perfectible: imperfectible, perfectibility/ perfection: imperfection, perfectionism, perfections/perfectionism: perfectionist / perfectionist: perfectionists/perfective: imperfective
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chelsea were oozing confidence and Conte was also at his most animated, slapping his thighs in frustration at imperfections that were imperceptible to most spectators.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Here are a few other notable items as the Browns attempt to avoid imperfection:
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It wasn’t without imperfections: The quality of the solo voices ranged widely this year, and there were some coordination hiccups.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 不完美; 缺点，瑕疵
分布：不完美(68%)，缺点(32%)
【记】perfect（adj 完美的）
US [-pɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a fault or weakness 缺点或弱点
• Gradually she began to notice one or two little imperfections in his character. 渐渐地，她开始注意到他性格上的一两个小缺点。
• She won't tolerate imperfection in her own or anyone else's work. 她不能容忍自己或他人工作中的瑕疵。
n. [晶体] 不完美；瑕疵；缺点
 - defect, deficiency, vice, fault, disadvantage

Word: kangaroo
Front: kangaroo
[ˌkæŋgəˈru:] (高雅宝 15706/15573 -1)
Vocabulary: kangaroo
(once / 1741 pages)
n
A kangaroo is a large animal that leaps or springs on its big, strong back legs and uses its heavy tail for balance. If you visit Australia (or the zoo), you may see a kangaroo.
Kangaroos are known for their habits of sitting upright and springing great distances. Female kangaroos have pouches in which they carry their babies. The word kangaroo is thought to come from a now-extinct Aboriginal language's word for a specific kind of kangaroo, gaNurru or gang-oo-roo. A "kangaroo court" is one that operates outside of the law, often with the intention of quickly (and unjustly) trying someone for a crime.
WORD FAMILY
kangaroo: kangaroos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Kangaroos missed 10 of their first 11 shots and the Bulldogs held a double-digit lead for much of the first half.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Kangaroos lost by 43 points at No. 3 Kansas earlier this month.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It was the Kangaroos’ first home loss of the season.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. [动]袋鼠
分布：袋鼠(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自澳大利亚某土著语言，该词由18世纪英国著名航海家James Cook引进。
【记】kang拼：扛，a一个，roo肉：身上有扛了一块肉，是她的小袋鼠。
US [-gə'ru:] (plural kangaroos or specialized kangaroo)
noun countable
■a large Australian mammal with a long stiff tail, short front legs and long powerful back legs on which it moves by jumping 袋鼠
n. [脊椎] 袋鼠
 - roo

Word: kerfuffle
Front: kerfuffle
[kəˈfʌfl] (-/43574)
Vocabulary: kerfuffle
(once / 147742 pages)
n
A kerfuffle is some kind of commotion, controversy, or fuss. If you read about a scandal in a newspaper, it could be described as a kerfuffle.
Kerfuffle is a humorous-sounding word for a mostly non-humorous situation: some kind of disturbance, scandal or mess. However, a kerfuffle usually isn't 100% serious. People talking loudly in public could be making a kerfuffle. If a politician says something embarrassing by accident, it could cause a kerfuffle. Often, people use this word when they think people are making too big a deal of something, as in "What's the kerfuffle all about?"
WORD FAMILY
kerfuffle
USAGE EXAMPLES
The kerfuffle in the Sejm marks a new stage in Polish politics.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
After the kerfuffle in his first service game, this time he holds to love.
The Guardian(Nov 14, 2016)
In a kerfuffle in Washington State, hundreds of vapers turned up at a rally at the state capitol to protest a proposed law.
The New Yorker(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. <口>吵闹，混乱
分布：动乱(100%)
→ker-,表强调，拟声词，狗叫声，词源同cur,fuffle,混乱，方言词，可能来自拟声词。
US [kɚ-] UK informal
noun only singular
■noise, excitement and argument 吵闹；混乱，骚动
• Her glasses were broken in the kerfuffle. 混乱之中，她的眼镜打碎了。
n. 混乱；动乱
 - disorder, chaos, confusion, trouble, turmoil
v. 使混乱；弄乱
 - make hay of, ball up

Word: lateral
Front: lateral
[ˈlætərəl] (研托雅宝 8322/7342 -1)
Vocabulary: lateral
(once / 797 pages)
1adj 2n
When something is extending to the side or moving to the side, it’s lateral. "All of the lateral movement in tennis hurt her knees and she had to quit playing."
The adjective lateral comes from the Latin word lateralis, which means “belonging to the side” and the modern meaning is basically the same. In anatomy, views of the body from the left, as well as from the right are referred to as lateral. You can make a lateral career move, if the compensation and level of responsibility stay about the same (instead of moving up, you are moving to the side). A lateral pass in football is one that goes to the side or behind the passer, instead of directly towards the goal.
WORD FAMILY
lateral: bilateral, laterality, lateralize, laterally, laterals, multilateral+/ bilateral: bilateralism, bilaterality, bilaterally/lateralize: lateralization/multilateral: multilaterally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arianna suffers from a neuromuscular disease similar to childhood Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig’s disease.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The disease, also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, attacks cells that control the muscles.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“His lateral quickness, that’s one of the things that I think he’s really elite at,” offensive coordinator Anthony Lynn said.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 侧面的; 横向的; [语]边音的
n. 侧部的东西; 边音
分布：侧面(49%)，侧面的(22%)，横向的(16%)，旁边的(8%)，完成横向穿越(5%)
→来自拉丁语latus,边，侧面，可能来自plat,平的，词源同plan,flat.引申词义水平的，侧面的。
旁边的,侧面的[later=side,表示"边"]
n.侧面的,旁边的The lateral elite is literally illiterate.边上的杰出人物简直是文盲.
US ['lætˌ.ɚ.əl] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■relating to the sides of an object or to sideways movement 侧面的；横向运动的
• lateral movement 横向运动
• Trim the lateral shoots of the flower (= the ones which grow sideways from the main stem of a plant). 修剪花的旁枝。
adj. [解剖] 侧面的，横向的
 - sided, transverse
n. 侧部； [语] 边音
 - sidepiece

Word: ketchup
Front: ketchup
[ˈketʃəp] (11691/21656)
Vocabulary: ketchup
(once / 11843 pages)
n
Ketchup is a red, tomato-based condiment. Many people love to slather ketchup on their hamburgers and hotdogs, while others prefer mustard.
You can also call ketchup catsup, but either way it's a sweet sauce made of tomatoes and spices. Commercial ketchup tends to have plenty of sugar or other sweeteners, too. Originally ketchup came in different flavors, made from ingredients like walnuts, oysters, or mushrooms, but today the tomato style has become standard. There are several theories about the origin of ketchup, one of which cites the Xiamen Chinese koechiap, "brine of fish."
WORD FAMILY
ketchup: ketchups
USAGE EXAMPLES
It involves frying and a surprising ingredient: ketchup.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
The same idea has since been adapted to help move other substances, such as toothpaste, paint and ketchup.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Next year she's launching a range of ketchups, including one based on bananas which she insists is delicious.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 番茄酱
分布：蕃茄酱(94%)，=catchup.(6%)
→词源有争议，通常认为来自马来语kicap,来自中国闽南语ke-chiap,鲑汁，一种鱼酱。后来传入欧洲以后配方多样化，并且番茄成为主要配料，因此词义演变为番茄酱。
['ketʃ.ʌp/ (UK tomato ketchup) (US also catsup)
noun uncountable
■a thick cold red sauce made from tomatoes 番茄酱
• Do you want some ketchup with your burger? 你的汉堡包要加些番茄酱吗？
n. 蕃茄酱
 - tomato catchup, tomato paste

Word: leery
Front: leery
[ˈlɪəri] (宝 16674/44603)
Vocabulary: leery
(once / 19472 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective leery to describe someone who's suspicious of a person or situation. After his brother came out with bald spots and uneven patches of buzz-cut hair, he was leery of having the same barber get near his own head.
Being leery is being distrustful. If you're leery, it will probably show on your face and in your posture. You may squint and wrinkle your brows or take a few steps back. If you're leery that someone won't keep a secret, you won't confide in them, and if you're leery about whether they'll keep a promise to you, you won't count on them. Sometimes people are leery because of some proof, but often, just having a bad feeling or instinct is enough to make a person leery.
WORD FAMILY
leery: leerier+/ leer: leered, leering, leers, leery /leering: leeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paul was part of the negotiations then, and was leery of dealing with the same this time around.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
They’ll be leery of any plans by Trump to cut the program.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Ullrich is not the only historian leery of comparing like for like.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 留神的; 猜疑的; 机敏的; 机警的
分布：有戒心的(47%)，机敏的(40%)，留神的(13%)
→来自leer,斜看，斜瞟，引申词义猜疑的，谨防的。
US ['lɪr.i] informal
adjective [after verb]
■not trusting of someone or something and usually avoiding them if possible; wary 不信任的；戒备的，防备的
• I've always been a bit leery of authority figures. 我对权威人物一直存有戒心。
adj. 机敏的；狡猾的；猜疑的；送秋波的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, astute

Word: lazarus

Word: leech
Front: leech
[li:tʃ] (18653/19877 -1)
Vocabulary: leech
(once / 1648 pages)
nv
A leech is a kind of worm that feeds by sucking blood from other animals. You might find yourself needing to pull a leech off your leg after swimming in a lake.
Because leeches are parasites, it's common for people to use the word as a metaphor for someone who sponges off of other people. If you have a friend who is always borrowing money but never pays it back, and who is known for requesting favors without granting them in return, you can call him a leech. The blood-sucking leech was once commonly used by doctors who treated patients by "bleeding" them, a practice that's still occasionally used in medicine today.
WORD FAMILY
leech: leeched, leeches, leeching, leechlike
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cider is another of those forsaken products that was huge in Colonial times — like hemp or leeches.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
A bulwark against the suburban leech of sales taxes.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
The DNR will work with the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe and other stakeholders to conduct a broader search and discuss response options.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 水蛭; 蚂蟥; 榨取他人脂膏者; 〈古〉医师
v. 用水蛭吸血; 依附并榨取
时态：leeched, leeching, leeches
分布：水蛭(67%)，榨取他人利益的人(22%)，以水蛭吸血(11%)
→来自古英语laece,巫师，巫医，医生，来自leg,读，词源同legible,lecture.引申词义念咒，召唤鬼神，后词义过渡到医生。因从古希腊时代，水蛭就作为重要的治病工具用于给病人吸血，放血，该词就逐渐引申水蛭，蚂蝗词义。比较invoke,incantation.
noun countable
■a fat worm which lives in wet places and fastens itself onto the bodies of humans and animals to take their blood 水蛭，蚂蟥
disapproving
■a person who gives attention to someone over a long period in order to get their money or support （指人）吸血鬼，寄生虫
n. [无脊椎] 水蛭；吸血鬼；榨取他人利益的人
 - bloodsucker, hirudo

Word: manually
Front: manually
['mænjʊəlɪ] (托 12880/12167)
Vocabulary: manually
(once / 20994 pages)
adv
Something that's done manually is done by hand, rather than by machine. If the recycling you leave by the curb is sorted manually, people divide it by hand into metal, plastic, glass, and paper.
When you dig a hole manually, you use a shovel and the strength of your own arms and back. The opposite of this is when something's done automatically, by machine or some automated system. The adverb manually comes from the adjective manual, or "done with the hands," from the Latin root word manus, which means "hand, strength, or power over."
WORD FAMILY
manual: bimanual, manually, manuals
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the program was operational, it required border officers to manually collect information from visitors.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In those instances, data must be entered manually, Benfield said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Epstein wants Google to be more transparent about how and when it manually manipulates the algorithm.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 用手地，手工地
分布：用手(60%)，手动地(40%)
adverb
■by hand 手工地；人工地
• Few of the machines are operated manually. 这些机器中很少是手动操作的。
adv. 手动地；用手
 - by hand

Word: mow
Front: mow
[məʊ] (9661/14782 -1)
Vocabulary: mow
(once / 1416 pages)
1vn 2v
When you clip grass or other plants, you mow it. If you realize your front lawn is taller than your dog, it might be time to mow it.
People with grassy lawns usually mow them throughout the growing season, keeping them neatly trimmed and green. Farmers mow some food crops and hay as well, when they're ready to be harvested, although they use different tools to do it, including a curved blade called a scythe. An old-fashioned meaning of mow is "a stack of hay," or "a place where hay is stored."
WORD FAMILY
mow: mowed, mower, mowing, mows+/mower: mowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But superintendent Jeff Mow says visitor feedback was almost always positive.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
To be honest, she rammed the curb so many times I was afraid she might eventually mow us all down.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
In July, a Tunisian-born man drove a 19-ton truck along the beachfront in Nice, mowing down 86 people during French Bastille Day celebrations.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 刈，割; 扫射; 皱眉头; 扮鬼脸
n. 干草堆; 干草堆积处; 鬼脸
时态：mowed, mowing, mows
分布：刈(39%)，草堆(17%)，鬼脸(17%)，谷物堆(11%)，扫射(11%)，扮鬼脸(5%)
→来自古英语mmawan,割，来自me,割，割草，割谷，可能是拟声词，词源同meadow.
US [moʊ] (mowed, mown or mowed)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to cut plants, such as grass or wheat, which have long thin stems and grow close together 刈，割（草、谷类植物等）
• You can't mow the grass/lawn if it's wet. 草（坪）上有水时不能修剪。
• I love the smell of new -mown hay. 我喜欢新割下的干草的气味。
UK [məʊ] US [moʊ] (mowed, mown or mowed)
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mow sb down
■to kill people, usually in large numbers, by shooting them or driving a vehicle into them 杀死，撂倒，撞死（某人）
• Three shoppers were mown down this afternoon when a drunken driver lost control of his car. 今天下午一名醉酒司机驾车失控，撞死三名购物者。
n. 草堆；皱眉；谷堆
 - mowe
vi. 割草；收割庄稼
 - harvest

Word: medici

Word: mumble
Front: mumble
[ˈmʌmbl] (宝 7479/8219 -1)
Vocabulary: mumble
(once / 1192 pages)
vn
To mumble is to talk quietly and indistinctly. When people speak in a mumble, it's hard to understand them.
Mumbling is a way of speaking that’s a little like whispering. Like whispering, mumbling is usually done with a low voice. However, mumbling is harder to understand than a whisper. When we mumble, we don't form out words clearly. Mumbling is the opposite of speaking clearly. Some people mumble because they lack confidence. Others might mumble because they're tired or not feeling well. If you want to be a good public speaker, you'd better learn to not mumble.
WORD FAMILY
mumble: mumbled, mumbler, mumbles, mumbling+/mumbler: mumblers/mumbling: mumblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Oscar was there and sort of mumbled the lyrics a little.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
My fiancé turned over and mumbled something, blissfully asleep.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
“You’re kind of a low talker or, I guess, kind of mumble,” Mr. Haywood said.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 咕哝; 抿着嘴嚼
n. 含糊的话; 咕哝
时态：mumbled, mumbling, mumbles
分布：咕哝(69%)，喃喃而语(31%)
→来自mum,嘟哝声，使闭嘴，-le,表反复。插入字母b,比较number,numberous.
【记】象声词，“么么”的声音－咕哝
【反】enunciate（v 阐明；清晰发言）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to speak quietly and in a way that is not clear so that the words are difficult to understand 含糊地说，咕哝
• She mumbled something about being too busy. 她嘟囔着说太忙了。
• [+ speech] "I'm sorry, " he mumbled. “对不起，”他咕哝道。

Word: naturalist
Front: naturalist
[ˈnætʃrəlɪst] (托 10840/10616 -1)
Vocabulary: naturalist
(once / 880 pages)
1n 2n
That neighborhood kid who is always collecting butterflies and leaves? He just might grow up to be a naturalist, or a scientist who specializes in studying nature.
A biologist whose interest lies primarily in the study of plants or animals can be called a naturalist, although these days it's more likely she'll be called a natural historian, a botanist, or a zoologist. The noun naturalist comes from the Latin word natura, "course of things, natural character, the universe," or literally, "birth." Be careful not to confuse naturalist with naturist, which is another word for a person who prefers to be naked — a nudist.
WORD FAMILY
naturalist: naturalists+/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic / naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/ supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/ unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The study drew upon records from amateur enthusiasts and scientists, including notes from 19th-century American naturalist Henry David Thoreau.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
They drew upon records from amateur enthusiasts and scientists, including notes from 19th-century American naturalist Henry David Thoreau.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Three sisters are trained in their respective talents — poisoner, naturalist, elemental — to fight to the death when they turn 16.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 自然主义者; 博物学者; <英>买卖玩赏动物的商人; 动物标本剥制师
adj. 自然的（等于naturalistic）; 自然主义的; 博物学的
分布：自然主义者(84%)，博物学者(16%)
→来自nature,自然。即自然学家，博物学家。
US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a person who studies and knows a lot about plants and animals 博物学家
n. 自然主义者；博物学者；（英）动物标本剥制者；买卖玩赏动物的商人
 - taxidermist
adj. 自然的（等于naturalistic）；自然主义的；博物学的
 - spontaneous, unrestrained

Word: parasitic
Front: parasitic
[ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk] (托 16114/16105)
Vocabulary: parasitic
(once / 5226 pages)
1adj 2adj
The adjective parasitic is mainly a scientific term for talking about an organism that lives on a host, taking what it needs to stay alive while often injuring the host.
By their nature, ticks, leeches, and lice are all parasitic; they live off their hosts. You can also use the word parasitic more metaphorically, to describe a person who takes without giving anything in return. A thirty year-old man who lives with his mother, eating her food and not paying rent, could be described as parasitic, since he survives by sponging off another person. Parasitic comes from the Greek word parasitos, "eating at another's table."
WORD FAMILY
parasitic: nonparasitic, parasitically, semiparasitic+/ parasite: parasites, parasitic, parasitical, parasitism, semiparasite/ parasitism: parasitisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those include a trapdoor spider, a speckled freshwater darter, a parasitic worm and an extinct lizard.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
His campaign’s closing ad juxtaposed photos of Jewish financiers with classic anti-Semitic vocabulary about a parasitic “global power structure.”
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Developed in the 1950s, Daraprim is the best treatment for a relatively rare parasitic infection called toxoplasmosis.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 寄生的; 寄生物的; 由寄生虫引起的
分布：寄生的(65%)，由寄生虫引起的(20%)，靠他人为生的(10%)，=parasitical.(5%)
→来自parasite,寄生虫。
US [ˌper.ə'sɪtˌ-] (also parasitical)
adjective
■caused by or connected with a parasite 由寄生生物引起的，寄生的
• a parasitic disease 寄生性疾病
• parasitic insects 寄生虫
adj. 寄生的（等于parasitical）
 - autoecious, adnascent

Word: neptune

Word: ordinarily
Front: ordinarily
[ˈɔ:dnrəli] (六 9387/11969 -1)
Back: adv. 平常地; 通常地; 一般地; 按说
分布：一般地(60%)，通常(40%)
→来自ordinary,普通的。
US ['ɔ:r.dən.er-] adverb
■usually 通常地；普通地；一般地
• Ordinarily, we send a reminder about a month before payment is required. 通常，我们会在要求付款的前一个月左右寄出一份通知单。
adv. 通常地；一般地
 - commonly, normally, currently, generally

Word: reaper
Front: reaper
[ˈri:pə(r)] (宝 25526/34832)
Vocabulary: reaper
(once / 6090 pages)
n
The noun reaper refers to a person who harvests crops. If your part-time job involves harvesting corn by hand, then you're a reaper. Reaper can also refer to a piece of farm equipment used to harvest crops, especially grains.
It's not a coincidence that reap looks a lot like the word ripe. When the crops are ripe — in Old English, "ready for reaping, fit for eating" — a reaper, either human or mechanical, can harvest them. Reap means "to cut grain with a hook or sickle." This might remind you of the Grim Reaper, the personification of death in art, movies, and stories, who is shown carrying a sickle and is said to be the harvester of souls.
WORD FAMILY
reaper: reapers+/ reap: reaped, reaper, reaping, reaps
USAGE EXAMPLES
In it he plays a monk, a poncho-wearing evangelist, a superhero, the grim reaper, a red puffy man and himself.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The new record from Metallica takes its inspiration from the failures of the human spirit — the suicidal reaper resting within every heart.
Salon(Nov 26, 2016)
"It's been a frosty reception in some places, you're walking in like the grim reaper... but they've been welcoming here," one of them says.
BBC(Aug 28, 2016)
Back: n. 收割者，收获者; 收割机
分布：收割者(54%)，收割机(46%)
【记】源于：reap（v 收割）
【反】plant（n 植物；v 种植）
n. [农机] 收割者；收割机；收获者
 - harvester, cropper

Word: potsdam

Word: plaid
Front: plaid
[plæd] (10374/20558 -1)
Vocabulary: plaid
(once / 2251 pages)
n
Plaid describes the crisscross pattern found on a Scottish kilt or a punk rocker’s pants. It can be a kind of cloth woven with the design, or a name for the design itself. Fashion-wise, it’s a bold but versatile pattern.
Plaid is traditionally made from wool or flannel with a multi-colored tartan design — in other words, a pattern of vertical and horizontal bands of color. These days, every kind of clothing is available in plaid, from socks to skirts to scarves. In English-speaking countries other than the US, plaid is more likely to be called tartan, in fact. In Scotland, a plaid is actually a traditional blanket-like garment, and in Gaelic, plaide means "blanket."
WORD FAMILY
plaid: plaids
USAGE EXAMPLES
We see Earnest in ill-fitting suits, duo colour weather beaten T-shirts, plaid shirts, Vans and a backpack.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
In her simple, unassuming plaid dress and smart-girl cat’s-eye glasses, she’s about to challenge their world—and change it for the better.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Tennant — burly and nearly six feet tall, wearing jeans, a plaid flannel shirt and a baseball cap — did not resemble a typical Taft client.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: n. 彩格呢; 格子图案; 毛呢长披肩（苏格兰民族服饰）
adj. 有格子图案的
分布：格子花呢(83%)，格子花呢披肩(17%)
→来自苏格兰语plaid,格子呢，词源不详。可能来自ply的过去分词，编织，缠绕，词源同plait.
noun uncountable mainly US for tartan

Word: quintile
Front: quintile
[ˈkwɪntaɪl] None
Back: adj. 五分之一对座的（相隔72度）
n. 五分之一对座; （美）学段，五分之一学年
分布：五分之一(84%)，五分之一的(16%)
→quint-,五分之一，-ile,形容词后缀。引申词义五分位值。

Word: reinstatement
Front: reinstatement
[ˌri:ɪn'steɪtmənt] (21454/16069)
Back: n. 复原; 修复
分布：恢复(53%)，复职(33%)，复原(14%)
[ˌri:.ɪn'steɪt.mənt] formal
noun uncountable
■when someone is given back their job or when something exists again 重返岗位，恢复原职；复原
• The union demanded the immediate reinstatement of all sacked workers. 工会要求立即让所有被解雇的工人重返岗位。
• Reinstatement of the tax would be a disaster. 恢复该项税收将是一场灾难。
n. 恢复；复原； [管理] 复职
 - recovery, regression, restoration, rehabilitation, retrieval

Word: regenerative
Front: regenerative
[rɪ'dʒenərətɪv] (六 22864/26374)
Back: adj. 恢复的; 新生的; 再生的; 回热的
分布：再生的(79%)，更新的(14%)，倾向于再生的(7%)
adj. 再生的，更生的；更新的
 - new, reproductive, updated, reborn

Word: saboteur
Front: saboteur
[ˌsæbəˈtɜ:(r)] (宝 24897/25216 -1)
Vocabulary: saboteur
(once / 17747 pages)
n
A saboteur is a person who makes a mess of a situation on purpose. You might call your little brother a saboteur for letting the air out of your bicycle tires, but you could be a saboteur in return by filling his shoes with cold spaghetti.
Saboteur is a noun that is fairly new to the English language; it was first used in the early 1900s, and it refers to a person who deliberately destroys or obstructs something. It comes from the French word, saboter, which really and truly means to kick something with an old-fashioned wooden shoe. We can only hope that one day the word Nikeur might enter the English language to mean a person who kicks something with a sneaker.
WORD FAMILY
saboteur: saboteurs
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you call them traitors and saboteurs, you might as well call the Founding Fathers that as well.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Tinder loves that the formerly skeptical now congregate at Saboteur, drinking coffee, trying anything and everything he makes.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Besides computer screens, the biggest saboteur for an aspiring morning person is the weekend.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2011)
Back: n. 怠工者; 破坏者
分布：从事破坏活动者(100%)
→来自 sabotage,捣乱，破坏，-eur,人。
【记】源于：sabotage（n 不满的职工的阴谋破坏）sabot（n 木鞋），原指将木鞋扔进机器进行破坏sa三，bot＝boot，eur：用三个boot放进机器里面破坏。三只鞋穿两只，另一只扔人－破坏
US [-'tɝ:] noun countable
■a person who sabotages something 破坏者，毁坏者
n. 怠工者，破坏者；从事破坏活动者
 - destructor, disruptor

Word: screech
Front: screech
[skri:tʃ] (11918/15185 -1)
Vocabulary: screech
(once / 1681 pages)
nv
To screech is to make a piercing, high-pitched sound. It can also be the sound itself. Want to hear a screech? Take a little kid’s lollipop away.
A screech is another word for a scream, shriek, or cry. It’s not fun to listen to. If a woman in a horror movie finds a bad guy in her closet, she’ll probably screech. If you surprise someone in the middle of the night, expect a screech. Things can also screech, like when a car screeches to a sudden stop at a red light.
WORD FAMILY
screech: screeched, screecher, screeches, screeching, screechy+/screecher: screechers/screeching: screechings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when he’s not doing that, he’s spending time in his book-lined study, Darwin screeching at the magpies outside the window.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Daily commerce in essentials including food, medicine and transportation screeched almost to a halt.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Cue the screeching brakes, because there’s always a reminder that Oubre is still a young, developing player.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 尖叫声，尖锐的声音
vt. & vi. 发出尖叫声，发出尖锐刺耳的声音; 发出恐惧或痛苦的叫喊声
时态：screeched, screeching, screeches
分布：尖叫(50%)，发出尖锐的声音(30%)，尖利刺耳的声音(20%)
【记】源于：scream（v 尖声叫）
verb intransitive
■to make an unpleasant loud high noise 尖叫；发出刺耳声
• She was screeching at him at the top of her voice. 她对着他声嘶力竭地尖叫着。
• He was screeching with pain/laughter. 他痛得大叫／笑得直叫。
• [+ speech] "Don't you dare touch me!" she screeched. “你敢碰我！”她大声叫道。
• The car screeched to a halt/standstill (= stopped very suddenly, making a loud high noise). 汽车嘎然一声刹住了。
• figurative The economic recovery is likely to screech to a halt/standstill (= stop very suddenly) if taxes are increased. 倘若加税，经济复苏很可能会突然止步。
[skri:tʃ] noun countable
■a long loud high noise which is unpleasant to hear 尖叫；刺耳声
• He let out a loud screech. 他发出了一声尖叫。
• The truck stopped with a screech of brakes. 卡车在一阵刺耳的急煞车尖啸声中停了下来。
n. 尖叫声，尖利刺耳的声音；尖声喊叫
 - squeal

Word: replication
Front: replication
[ˌreplɪ'keɪʃn] (12899/13097)
Vocabulary: replication
(once / 29772 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
If you make a copy of something, like a form or a picture, you have made a replication of it. You might need to mail in a replication of your tax forms when you apply for college financial aid.
When you conduct an experiment, you have to repeat it several times to verify that your hypothesis is correct. Each repetition is one replication. A witty retort to a comment or question is also called a replication. Your replications to the teacher's questions may make your classmates laugh, but your smart mouth is bound to get you in trouble eventually.
WORD FAMILY
replication: replications+/ replica: replicas, replicate / replicate: replicated, replicates, replicating, replication
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barring a monumental medical breakthrough in the field of organ replication, that means we need a national solution for our donation shortages—fast.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
In cultured cells, high levels of PPP2R3B expression slowed melanoma growth by interfering with DNA replication and slowing cell division.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
In more complex animals, the error rate in mitochondrial gene replication is relatively high.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 复制，折叠; 回答; 反响; [植]反叠
分布：复制(98%)，回答(1%)，答辩(1%)
VERB
复制;重做;使复现
If you replicate someone's experiment, work, or research, you do it yourself in exactly the same way.
例：He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.他邀请她到他的实验室看她能否复制该实验。
VERB
(分子)复制
If a molecule replicates, it divides into smaller molecules which are exact copies of itself.
例：Cells can reproduce but only molecules can replicate.细胞可以再生，但是只有分子可以复制。
n. [生化] [遗] 复制；回答；反响
 - response, answer, reproduction, resonance, duplication

Word: scoundrel
Front: scoundrel
[ˈskaʊndrəl] (18427/23625)
Vocabulary: scoundrel
(once / 604 pages)
n
A scoundrel is a person who does deliberately evil things. If your brother hides a fake mouse in your shoe and you therefore almost have a heart attack while getting dressed, you have every right to call him a scoundrel.
Though the term scoundrel isn’t used as much as it once was, it’s the perfect way to describe someone who breaks the law, has no morals, or someone like your sneaky sibling who loves to play practical jokes. Most villains in movies and on television can be put in this category. Interestingly, though women are quite capable of equally wicked behavior, this particular term is usually reserved for men.
WORD FAMILY
scoundrel: scoundrelly, scoundrels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though he was, without question, a scoundrel, he was also a romantic.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
‘A scoundrel may be of use to us just because he is a scoundrel.’
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Over time, “rogue” morphed into a general label for a rascal or scoundrel, or someone who was endearingly mischievous.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 恶棍，坏蛋
分布：无赖(82%)，无赖的(18%)
→词源不详，可能改写自苏格兰语 scunner,畏缩，逃避，等同于 shun,逃避，回避，-er,表反复。 引申词义无赖，恶棍。
【记】scound＝scold，rel：值得责备的人－无耻之徒
['skaʊn.drəl] old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable
■a person, especially a man, who treats other people very badly and has no moral principles 恶棍，流氓，无赖
• He was, she said, a heartless scoundrel who had stripped her of everything she owned. 她说，他是个没心没肺的无赖，夺走了属于她的一切。
adj. 卑鄙的
 - poor, base, mean, dirty
n. 恶棍；无赖；流氓
 - tough, cad

Word: septuagenarian
Front: septuagenarian
[ˌseptjuədʒəˈneəriən] (35152/-)
Back: n. 七十岁老者
adj. 七十岁（的人），七十至八十岁的
分布：七十岁老者(100%)
→sept-,七，词源同 seven,-gen,十，词源同 ten,-arian,人。
US [-tu.ə.dʒə'ner.i-] noun countable
■a person who is between 70 and 79 years old 七旬老人

Word: supplicant
Front: supplicant
[ˈsʌplɪkənt] (宝 24649/38593)
Vocabulary: supplicant
(once / 17007 pages)
nadj
If you pray every night to be accepted to your dream college, you can call yourself a supplicant, or a person who asks humbly for something.
A supplicant can be a fervently religious person who prays to God for help with a problem, and it can also be someone who begs earnestly for something he or she wants. A younger brother entreating his sister to be allowed in her tree house could be described as a supplicant. The Latin root word is supplicantem, "plead humbly."
WORD FAMILY
supplicant: supplicantly, supplicants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those supplicants will soon discover that Mr Trump’s attitude towards business has three contradictory strands.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Audience recruits sometimes contribute to the matches by deciding which of two supplicant candidates to have a beer with, for instance.
Washington Post(Oct 19, 2016)
So Daniel Blake is not a supplicant, he’s a man of dignity.”
The Guardian(Oct 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 恳求的
n. 恳求者
分布：恳求者(75%)，恳求的(25%)
→来自拉丁语 supplicare,乞求，乞讨，来自 sub,向下，-plic,弯，转，词源同 complicate,triplicate. -ant,人。
哀求的恳求的(sup+plic重量＋ant→双膝重叠跪下→哀求的)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
恳求者a.哀求的(sub下+plic+ant→折叠膝盖)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
恳求者 a.哀求的(跪下去求别人)[pleth=crowdx(挤,多)]
【记】源于：supply（v 供给），请求供给吃的的人－supplicant
['sʌp.lɪ.kənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who asks a god or someone who is in a position of power for something in a nervous way that shows that they do not think of themselves as very important 恳求者，祈求者，哀求者

Word: sunflower
Front: sunflower
[ˈsʌnflaʊə(r)] (托 12373/20192 -1)
Back: n. 向日葵; 葵花籽; 向日葵色
分布：向日葵(100%)
→sun,太阳，flower,花。即花瓣朝向太阳的花。
US [-ˌflaʊr] noun countable
■a plant usually having a very tall stem and a single large round flat yellow flower, with many long thin narrow petals close together 向日葵
n. [作物] 向日葵
 - helianthus annuus

Word: symbiotic
Front: symbiotic
[ˌsɪmbaɪ'ɒtɪk] (托 16889/23914)
Vocabulary: symbiotic
(once / 44268 pages)
adj
A symbiotic relationship benefits both parties. The two of you have a symbiotic relationship: she fixes your car and you style her hair.
In biology, symbiotic refers to any diverse organisms that live together, but in this case, the relationship is not necessarily beneficial to both. Parasites, for example, have a symbiotic relationship with their hosts, but only the parasite benefits. If you contract a parasite, you might consider charging rent or throwing the bum out!
WORD FAMILY
symbiotic: nonsymbiotic, symbiotically+/ symbiosis: symbiotic
USAGE EXAMPLES
A symbiotic partnership between fungus and an alga, scientists are still probing their mysteries.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Lucinid clams get nourishment from symbiotic bacteria living in their gills.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Professor Kaufmann argues that anxiety over white identity and anti-immigrant populist politicians can have a symbiotic relationship, each strengthening the other.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 共生的
分布：共生的(74%)，共栖的(26%)
ADJ-GRADED
共生的;互惠互利的
A symbiotic relationship is one in which organisms, people, or things exist together in a way that benefits them all.
例：...fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the trees of these northwestern forests...与西北部这些森林里的树木存在共生关系的真菌
例：Racing has always had a symbiotic relationship with betting.赛马总是与赌博相挂钩。
adj. [生态] 共生的；共栖的
 - paragenetic

Word: thuringia

Word: swish
Front: swish
[swɪʃ] (15385/19841 -1)
Vocabulary: swish
(once / 2214 pages)
vnadj
To swish is to make something rush or hiss as it moves, or to move this way yourself. A bike might swish past you on a wet sidewalk, and you might swish your long dress as you continue walking.
A swish is the sound that's made when a person or thing swishes — the swish of a dish brush on a dirty pan in the sink, or the swish of water against a dock. A kite swishes through the air and so does a fencing epee or a fly swatter. In basketball, you swish when you make a clean basket, without the ball hitting the rim or the backboard. Swish is an example of onomatopoeia — when a word that sounds like its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
swish: swished, swisher, swishes, swishing, swishingly, swishy+/swishy: swishily
USAGE EXAMPLES
We think big and small in the same swish of a fingertip.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Surely that would be it for the saga of So Help Me God/Swish/Waves/The Life of Pablo?
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
As the gym fell silent, Devonish swished his first attempt.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 鞭打; （使）发飒飒声
adj. 时髦的; 漂亮的
n. 嗖嗖声；漂亮；搞同性恋的男子
时态：swished, swishing, swishes
分布：漂亮的(52%)，挥棍等打掉某物(12%)，发出摩擦声(12%)，物体快速移动的声音(12%)，摆动或挥动某物出声(12%)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move quickly through the air making a soft sound （使）咻咻地快速移动
• I heard the rope swish through the air. 我听见绳子在空中咻咻舞动的声音。
• The horses swished their tails to get rid of the flies hovering around them. 马唰唰地甩动尾巴，以赶走在周围飞来飞去的苍蝇。
[swɪʃ] adjective informal
■fashionable or expensive 时尚的；奢华的
• a swish hotel 豪华饭店
[swɪʃ] noun countable
MOVEMENT 动作
■a quick movement through the air, making a soft sound （使）咻咻地快速移动
• With a swish of the curtains, the stage was revealed. 幕布唰的一声拉开，舞台便出现在眼前。
[swɪʃ] noun countable
LIKE A WOMAN 像女人 US slang disapproving
■a man who behaves or appears in a way that is generally considered more suited to a woman, and who does not have traditional male qualities 娘娘腔的男子
vt. 鞭打；使作沙沙声
 - hide, scourge
adj. （主英）时髦的；漂亮的；（美俚）搞同性恋的
 - pretty, modern, tony, fashionable, smart
n. 嗖嗖声；漂亮；搞同性恋的男子
 - good looks, loveliness

Word: tucker
Front: tucker
[ˈtʌkə(r)] (-/12794)
Back: n. 打横褶者; 打褶装置; 打皱褶着; 领布
vt. 使疲倦，使衰弱
时态：tuckered, tuckering, tuckers
分布：领布(37%)，打横褶的人(27%)，打褶装置(18%)，使…疲倦(18%)
→俚语，来自 tuck,塞进。
US [-ɚ] Australian informal
noun uncountable
■food 食物
• a tucker bag 食品袋
n. 领布；打褶装置；打横褶的人
 - ruffler
vt. 使…疲倦；使…衰弱
 - tire

Word: truculent
Front: truculent
[ˈtrʌkjələnt] (宝 34256/25249)
Vocabulary: truculent
(once / 3572 pages)
adj
If you are quick to argue, always looking for a fight, and hard to please, you are truculent. You can also write a truculent essay, and fans upset by a loss can become truculent.
This word has no connection to truck, but the similar sound is still a good way to remember it: truculent folks are like monster trucks, ready to run over anything that gets in their way. To be truculent is to be defiant, aggressive, and quarrelsome. A truculent student will get in trouble with teachers, and a truculent teacher might get fired. In a violent sport like football, it helps to be truculent, but it's usually not a great quality.
WORD FAMILY
truculent: truculence, truculency, truculenter, truculently+/ truculence: truculences/truculency: truculencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is south-western Guyana, far away from the capital, Georgetown, and people here laugh off the claims of what they consider their truculent, acquisitive neighbour.
BBC(Oct 22, 2016)
It attracted particular attention because the arrest was filmed by state-controlled channel NTV, whose reports often take an especially truculent, pro-Kremlin stance.
Washington Times(Jul 26, 2016)
As he did, he suggested that the Angry Guy’s tone was surprisingly truculent.
New York Times(Jun 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 致命的; 好斗的; 凶狠的; 尖刻的
分布：好斗的(54%)，野蛮的(35%)，残酷的(11%)
→来自拉丁语 truculentus,好斗的，狂暴的，野蛮的，来自 trux,狂野的，野蛮的。
【反】gentle（adj 温和的）；pacific（adj 和平的）；placid（adj 平静的）；genial（adj 亲切的）
adjective
■unpleasant and likely to argue a lot 易怒的；好斗的；寻衅的
• a truculent teenager 好斗的少年
• I found him truculent and unpleasant. 我觉得他好斗且很凶。
adj. 好斗的；野蛮的；言词刻毒的
 - wild, aggressive

Word: triangular
Front: triangular
[traɪˈæŋgjələ(r)] (六 12260/9729)
Back: adj. 三角（形）的; 由三个部分构成的; 三方面的
分布：三角形的(88%)，以三角形为底的(6%)，三方的(6%)
US [-lɚ] adjective
■shaped like a triangle 三角形的
• a triangular plot of land 三角形地块
• The play is performed on a triangular stage. 这出戏是在三角形舞台上演出的。
adj. [数] 三角的，三角形的；三人间的
 - trigonal, three-cornered

Word: violator
Front: violator
['vaɪəleɪtə(r)] (15502/41290)
Vocabulary: violator
(once / 9344 pages)
n
Someone who breaks rules is a violator. If your grandpa drives 90 miles an hour on the highway, he's a violator of the speed limit.
To violate is to disobey a law or break an agreement, and a violator is a person who does this. A violator of the school dress code might wear a clown costume to school, and a violator of copyright laws might copy his entire essay from a book. Violator comes from violare, "treat with violence or dishonor" in Latin.
WORD FAMILY
violator: violators+/ inviolable: inviolably/ inviolate: inviolately/violable: inviolable / violate: inviolate, violable, violated, violates, violating, violation, violative, violator / violation: violations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Violators can can be charged with contempt and jailed for six months.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
He is being held as a bail violator on a drug charge from September.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Violators could be referred to the Security Council or its sanctions panel of experts.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 违犯者
分布：违反者(58%)，违背者(28%)，妨害者(14%)
VERB
违反，违背，违犯（协议、法律或承诺）
If someone violates an agreement, law, or promise, they break it.
例：They went to prison because they violated the law...他们触犯了法律，因此坐了牢。
例：They violated the ceasefire agreement.他们违反了停火协议。
VERB
侵犯（隐私）;搅扰;打搅
If you violate someone's privacy or peace, you disturb it.
例：These men were violating her family's privacy.这些人侵犯了她的家庭隐私。
VERB
污损;亵渎
If someone violates a special place, for example a grave, they damage it or treat it with disrespect.
例：Detectives are still searching for those who violated the graveyard.侦探们仍在搜捕那些亵渎了墓园的家伙。
n. 违背者；违反者；妨碍者
 - transgressor, preventer

Word: ungrateful
Front: ungrateful
[ʌnˈgreɪtfl] (19818/19839)
Vocabulary: ungrateful
(once / 856 pages)
1adj 2adj
Someone who's ungrateful isn't thankful or appreciative. Your grandmother might think you're ungrateful if you don't send her a handwritten thank you note for the birthday gift she gave you.
You are ungrateful if you're unhappy with your neighbor's contribution to your yard sale — a big old television that doesn't work. Your neighbor, in turn, is ungrateful if he accepts the chocolate chip cookies you baked without even saying, "Thanks." The prefix un here means "not," and grateful comes from a now obsolete adjective, grate, "agreeable or thankful," from the Latin root gratus, "pleasing."
WORD FAMILY
ungrateful: ungratefulest, ungratefully, ungratefulness+/ grate: grated, grateful, grater, grates, grating/ grateful: gratefuler, gratefulest, gratefully, gratefulness, ungrateful /grater: graters/grating: gratingly, gratings/ungratefulness: ungratefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Trump does not merely find foreigners ungrateful.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
“At the risk of sounding ungrateful, we say, ‘Thanks, but please hurry,’ ” said Kevin Ring, vice president of Families Against Mandatory Minimums.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Not that he is ungrateful for his success in the months since the finals.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 不感激的; 不领情的; 忘恩负义的; 讨厌的
分布：忘恩负义的(74%)，不领情的(26%)
adjective
■not showing or expressing any thanks; not grateful 不感激的，不领情的
adj. 忘恩负义的；不领情的；讨厌的；徒劳的
 - evil, empty, rank

Word: wakefield

Word: underplay
Front: underplay
[ˌʌndəˈpleɪ] (宝 28853/24324)
Back: vt. 淡化…的重要性; 使显得不如其实际重要; 表演（角色）不充分; 为了不充分显示力量而小心行事
vi. 表演角色不充分（或有节制）
n. 不充分的表演; 暗中的活动
时态：underplayed, underplaying, underplays
分布：表演不充分(34%)，不充分的表演(25%)，轻描淡写(25%)，暗中的活动(16%)
对…轻描淡写(under+play玩→没玩够→说得不够的)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示"副手"]
【记】under下，play玩，表演－淡化…的重要性；表演不充分
US [-dɚ-] verb transitive
■to make something such as a dangerous situation seem less important or dangerous than it really is 低调处理；对…轻描淡写；贬低…的重要性
• While not wanting to underplay the seriousness of the situation, I have to say that it is not as bad as people seem to think. 尽管我并不想低估形势的严重性，但还是不得不说事情并不像人们想像的那么糟糕。
n. 不充分的表演；秘密行动
 - stealth

Word: warranty
Front: warranty
[ˈwɒrənti] (托雅宝 9608/6306 -1)
Vocabulary: warranty
(once / 2256 pages)
n
Most cars and toys come with a warranty, a written guarantee that the product will not fail within a certain amount of time. If it does, the manufacturer will repair or replace it for free.
Many people talk about the way appliances break the day after their warranty expires. The word itself is a Middle English variant on the word, guarantee. Both words mean similar things, but warranty is more specific. I can guarantee you that I will pick you up by seven so we can get to the game on time, but I would not issue a warranty about it.
WORD FAMILY
warranty: warranties
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lawsuit alleges product liability, negligence and breaches of warranty, and seeks unspecified damages.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
The body cameras feature nine hours of continuous high-definition recording, 32 GB of storage, Wi-Fi docking bases, cables and a one-year warranty.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Here are some questions and answers about extended warranties:
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 保证，担保; [法]（商品等的）保单; 根据，理由; 授权，批准
分布：保修期(61%)，保单(22%)，根据(17%)
→来自warrant,担保，引申词义保修单。
US ['wɔ:r.ən.i] noun countable
■a written promise from a company to repair or replace a product that develops a fault within a fixed period of time, or to do a piece of work again if it is not satisfactory; a guarantee （商品的）保用单，保用卡
• The warranty covers the car mechanically for a year, with unlimited mileage. 保用单承诺对汽车的机械部件保修一年，不限里程。
n. [贸易] 保证； [法] 担保；授权；（正当）理由
 - assurance, guarantee, certification, commitment, security

Word: allotment
Front: allotment
[əˈlɒtmənt] (14275/9948 -1)
Vocabulary: allotment
(once / 2984 pages)
n
Say you’re stranded on an island with a group of people and you divide your limited food supply. The portion you each receive is your share, also called your allotment. No fighting over the coconuts!
The word allotment shows how languages intertwined through the ages. We can see the word's origins in several languages, including the Old English hlot, the Gothic hlauts, the Old High German hloz, and the Old French aloter. All referred to dividing something into groups, or “lots.” A "lot" refers to a group of things — stores refer to shipments of goods as being divided into “lots.” That idea of grouping will help you remember the meaning of allotment.
WORD FAMILY
allotment: allotments+/ allot: alloted, alloting, allotment, allots, allotted, allotting, reallot/reallot: reallotment, reallotted/reallotment: reallotments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later, Ebenezer Howard's British 'garden cities' incorporated allotments and farms in 'green belts', starting with Letchworth at the turn of the twentieth century.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
An electronic benefit transfer card will provide families up to a one-month allotment depending on household size.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Wednesday was the deadline for filing the required allotment of signatures with the city to secure a spot on the  ballot.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 分配; 分配物; 养家费; 命运
分布：分配(91%)，份额(6%)，天命(3%)
US [-'lɑ:t-] noun
GROUND 土地
countable UK
■a small piece of ground in or just outside a town that a person rents for growing vegetables, fruits or flowers （可租来种菜、水果或花的）小块土地
UK [ə'lɒt.mənt] US [-'lɑ:t-] noun
SHARE 股份
countable or uncountable
■the process of sharing something, or the amount that you get 分配，份额
• The allotment of the company's shares to its employees is still to be decided. 公司给雇员的股份分配额还没有确定。
• We have used up this year's allotment of funds. 我们已经把今年的分配额而全都用完了。
n. [会计] 分配；分配物；养家费；命运
 - distribution, assignment, fate, fortune, lot

Word: bergen
Front: bergen
[ˈbə:ɡən] (-/25586)
Back: 卑尔根（挪威西南部港市）

Word: anchorage
Front: anchorage
[ˈæŋkərɪdʒ] (21356/16425 -1)
Back: n. 抛锚; 停泊处; 停泊税
分布：下锚(31%)，寄托(26%)，停泊税(26%)，停泊所(17%)
停泊地(anchor铁猫)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
US [-kɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a place where a boat is or can be anchored 锚地
• The bay is well-known as a safe anchorage. 该海湾是个众所周知的安全锚地。
■a place where something is fastened firmly 固定处
• The anchorage point (= fixing point) for the seat belt is not adjustable. 安全带上的固定处不可以调节。
n. [水运] 锚地；下锚；停泊税
 - roadstead, keelage

Word: beltway
Front: beltway
[ˈbeltweɪ] (23053/-)
Back: n. 环形公路，环路; 华盛顿特区的
分布：环形公路(100%)
noun countable US for ring road

Word: bursary
Front: bursary
[ˈbɜ:səri] (-/21912)
Back: n. （尤指大学的）库房，金库，奖学金
分布：公费(50%)，会计科(50%)
US ['bɝ:.sɚ-] UK
noun countable
■a sum of money given to a person by an organization, such as a university, to pay for them to study 奖学金

Word: cameo
Front: cameo
[ˈkæmiəʊ] (宝 14995/18714 -1)
Vocabulary: cameo
(once / 4349 pages)
n
If your friend gives you a piece of jewelry that has a raised carving of a face in profile showing all the curves and shapes, that’s called a cameo.
Often used to show a person’s head in profile, a cameo typically has two layers of color: one color for the subject and another one for the background. The detail is depicted not by color or shades but instead by the raised design, which is called a relief. A cameo is typically used for a piece of jewelry, such as a ring or a brooch, and it has an ornate, old-fashioned quality. You may have seen this type of jewelry depicted in Victorian paintings or possibly worn by your great grandmother.
WORD FAMILY
cameo: cameos
USAGE EXAMPLES
That was a mere cameo compared to her passionate and meticulous work in “20th Century Women,” a movie that truly revolves around her.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But because his character is dying, his appearance amounts to little more than an extended cameo.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Ms. Baez may be most familiar to younger listeners today for her cameo at a Taylor Swift concert last year.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 石雕; 浮雕; 小品文
分布：刻有浮雕的宝石或贝壳(60%)，小品文(40%)
→词源不详。小角色义来自浮雕，即相对于群众演员而言较突出的配角。
【记】came来，o读：哦－来哦，来哦，这儿有小浮雕
US [-oʊ] (plural cameos)
noun countable
PERFORMANCE 表演
■a small but noticeable part in a film or play, performed by a famous actor （著名演员在电影或剧码中的）客串角色，小配角
• He appears briefly towards the end of the film in a cameo role as a priest. 在影片接近尾声时，他露面客串了一下牧师。
UK ['kæm.i.əʊ] US [-oʊ] (plural cameos)
noun countable
JEWELLERY 珠宝
■a piece of usually oval jewellery on which there is a head or other shape of one colour on a surface of a different colour 多彩浮雕珠宝饰物
• a cameo brooch 浮雕宝石胸针
n. （影视剧中的）配角；刻有浮雕的宝石或贝壳；小品文
 - supporting role, supe

Word: brotherly
Front: brotherly
[ˈbrʌðəli] (20842/18970)
Back: adj. 兄弟的; 兄弟般的; 兄弟姐妹般的; 情同手足的
adv. 兄弟般地，友爱地，亲切地
分布：兄弟般的(93%)，兄弟一样地(7%)
US [-ɚ.li] adjective
■showing the kindness, interest or love that you would expect a brother to show 兄弟般的；友好的
• Can I give you some brotherly advice? 我能给你一些真诚的建议吗？
adj. 兄弟的；兄弟般的；亲切的
 - friendly, sweet, benign
adv. 兄弟般地；亲切地
 - warmly, kindly

Word: calf
Front: calf
[kɑ:f] (5631/5425 -1)
Vocabulary: calf
(once / 461 pages)
1n 2n
The word calf can mean either a baby cow or bull, or the area of the back of your leg between your ankle and knee.
Cattle are not the only animals whose babies are called calves. You can use the word to mean a baby whale, baby elephant, camel, bison, elk, giraffe, gnu, hippopotamus, moose, ox, reindeer, rhinoceros, and yak. If a large piece of ice breaks off of a glacier or iceberg, well that's a calf too! If you want to strengthen your calves, doing heel raises while holding a calf is an interesting way to go about it.
WORD FAMILY
calf: calfs, calves, mid-calf
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s dealt with a sore right calf but showed no ill effects while smoothly eluding Detroit’s pass rush all night.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
North, as the Packers did in the 2014 finale, when quarterback Aaron Rodgers played through a calf injury to beat Detroit.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The calf is the second endangered species to be born at the zoo this month.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 牛犊; 犊皮; 腓，腿肚子
分布：小牛(78%)，小牛皮(9%)，小腿肚(8%)，幼崽(4%)，愚蠢的年轻人(1%)
→来自PIE *gel, 鼓起，子宫，词源同child, dolphin.
【记】读：卡夫（一种酸牛奶品牌）－小牛
US [kæf] (plural calves)
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a young cow, or the young of various other large mammals such as elephants and whales 小牛，牛犊；（象、鲸等大型哺乳动物的）幼崽，幼兽
⇒ See also calve
in calf
■If a cow is in calf, it is pregnant. （母牛）怀孕的，怀崽的
UK [kɑ:f] US [kæf] (plural calves)
noun countable
LEG 腿
■the thick curved part at the back of the human leg between the knee and the foot 腓；小腿肚
• She's been unable to play since January because of a torn calf muscle. 她因为小腿肚肌肉拉伤从一月份以来就无法上场。
n. [解剖] 腓肠，小腿； [印刷] 小牛；小牛皮
 - crus, shank

Word: clipping
Front: clipping
[ˈklɪpɪŋ] (10035/19257 -1)
Back: n. 剪下物; 剪报; 剪辑; 零头衣料
adj. 剪的; <口>快速的; <俚>头等的; 恰好的
v. 用别针别在某物上，用夹子夹在某物上( clip的现在分词); 剪掉; 缩短; 给…剪毛（或发）
分布：剪(86%)，剪报(13%)，剪取物(1%)
noun
countable usually plural
■a piece that has been cut off something 剪下物
• grass/nail clippings 剪下的草屑／指甲
countable
■an article cut from a newspaper 剪报
• A friend sent me a newspaper clipping about someone we were at school with. 一位朋友寄给我一份关于我们以前某个同学的剪报。
n. 剪裁，剪断；剪报，剪辑；剪下物，剪下的东西
 - cutting, tailoring
adj. 头等的，第一流的；极好的，恰好的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, classical

Word: chronicler
Front: chronicler
['krɒnɪklə(r)] (17530/16946)
Back: n. 年代记编（记录）者
分布：年代记编者(56%)，年代记录者(44%)
VERB
按时间顺序记述(或播放)
To chronicle a series of events means to write about them or show them in broadcasts in the order in which they happened.
例：The series chronicles the everyday adventures of two eternal bachelors.这个系列剧按照时间顺序记述了两个老光棍每天的奇遇。
N-COUNT
编年(史);大事年表
A chronicle is an account or record of a series of events.
例：...this vast chronicle of Napoleonic times.这套大部头的拿破仑时代编年史
N-IN-NAMES
(有时用于报纸名称中)
Chronicle is sometimes used as part of the name of a newspaper.
例：...the San Francisco Chronicle.《旧金山纪事报》

Word: cockney

Word: dearborn

Word: disbursement
Front: disbursement
[dɪs'bɜ:smənt] (24025/27843)
Vocabulary: disbursement
(once / 7125 pages)
n
Disbursement means the payment of money from a fund or account. If the disbursement of paychecks at your job was delayed because your boss forgot to fill out some paperwork, you'd probably be furious.
Disbursement is a noun that describes the spending or distributing of money. Governments manage the disbursement of funds to various departments and groups. The word disbursement comes from the Old French word desbourser, "extract money from a purse," with bourse meaning "purse." Don't confuse disbursement with dispersement, which means "separating or scattering."
WORD FAMILY
disbursement: disbursements+/disbursal: disbursals/ disburse: disbursal, disbursed, disbursement, disburser, disburses, disbursing/disburser: disbursers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sheets was accused of improper disbursements, including repeated use of a county gas card for personal use.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Stockgrowers Executive Director Silvia Christen says disbursements will be based on criteria including fence and grazing losses.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Fidelity Charitable, Schwab Charitable and Vanguard Charitable all offer donor-advised funds, which hold and manage funds designated for future disbursement to charitable organizations.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 支付，支出; 支付款
分布：支付(54%)，支出(46%)
US [-'bɝ:s.mənt] noun countable
■an amount of money given for a particular purpose 拨款，专款
n. [会计] 支出，支付
 - expenditure, payment, paying, defrayment

Word: contra
Front: contra
['kɒntrə] (-/10894)
Back: n. & adv. 反对（地），相反（地）
分布：正相反(100%)
n. 相反；对立面
 - opposite, inverse
adv. 反对地；相反地
 - counter, backward
prep. 反对…；与…相反
 - in opposition to, over against

Word: compatibility
Front: compatibility
[kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti] (六 12951/9133)
Vocabulary: compatibility
(once / 19732 pages)
n
Compatibility has to do with how people or things get along. A married couple should have a lot of compatibility; people who always argue don't have any.
Compatibility is a huge issue in life. Every person has compatibility with some people and a lack of compatibility with others. Compatibility applies to things too; computer programs have compatibility with certain types of computers but not others. In all cases, compatibility has to do with getting along. People with compatibility also have chemistry — they are in harmony.
WORD FAMILY
compatibility: compatibilities+/ compatible: compatibility, compatibly, incompatible / incompatibility: incompatibilities/ incompatible: incompatibility, incompatibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Based on the specifications of your hardware, the Google Play store displays compatibility information with the apps you are browsing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The update which “improved the stability, compatibility and performance” of Mac computers and is “recommended for users”.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Microsoft said it would use so-called emulation technology to address the compatibility issue.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 适合; 互换性; 通用性; 和睦相处
分布：兼容(95%)，协调(4%)，和谐共处(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pat, 情感，忍受，词源同patient, passion.指相互容忍的，兼容的。
和谐共处(com+pat+ibility)[pass=felling表示"感情"]
和谐共处(compatible和谐的+ility)[-ibility表名词"具备…性质的"]
ADJ-GRADED
(系统、想法和信仰)兼容的，可以并存的
If things, for example systems, ideas, and beliefs, are compatible, they work well together or can exist together successfully.
例：Free enterprise, he argued, was compatible with Russian values and traditions...他认为自由企业制并不违背俄罗斯的价值观和传统。
例：Marriage and the life I live just don't seem compatible.婚姻和我的生活好像就是没法兼容。
ADJ-GRADED
能和谐相处的;合得来的
If you say that you are compatible with someone, you mean that you have a good relationship with them because you have similar opinions and interests.
例：Mildred and I are very compatible. She's interested in the things that interest me...我和米尔德丽德很合得来，我感兴趣的东西她也感兴趣。
例：In a large city you're almost certain to find a physician with whom you are compatible and feel comfortable.在大城市，几乎肯定能找到一个和你意气相投、让你觉得舒心的心灵抚慰者。
ADJ
(尤指与 IBM公司制造的计算机或计算机设备)兼容的
If one make of computer or computer equipment is compatible with another make, especially IBM, they can be used together and can use the same software.

Word: daub
Front: daub
[dɔ:b] (宝 26498/20322)
Vocabulary: daub
(once / 3081 pages)
nv
Whenever you smear something on a surface, you are daubing. Abstract Expressionists may have been able to daub a canvas with paint and sell it for millions, but you probably wouldn’t be so lucky.
Daub can be used as a verb or as a noun, and is derived from the Old French debaur which comes from the Latin dealbare “to whiten.” It is also used to describe the process of covering a surface with an adhesive substance such as plaster, mud or grease. However, in its noun form, it means a smear of something. When you are ordering "a bagel with a smear," you could impress the guy at the deli by asking for "a daub" instead.
WORD FAMILY
daub: daubed, dauber, daubing, daubs+/dauber: daubers/daubing: daubings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The entrance door is daubed with graffiti, the ground floor hallway dingy and depressing.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Daubs issued a statement to Fox saying he was “shocked by the isolated actions of a single employee.”
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Graffiti denouncing Ahok – as he is known to friend and foe alike – is daubed across the walls here.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 涂抹
时态：daubed, daubing, daubs
分布：涂抹(55%)，乱画(23%)，涂料(11%)，拙劣的画(11%)
→来自拉丁语dealbare, 涂抹，来自de-, 整个的，-alb, 白，词源同albumen, album.
【记】读：大伯。到了大伯的年龄，都比较爱练书法，可不是每个人都那么牛，大多数还是涂抹乱画。
【参】daubster（n 拙劣的画家）
US [dɑ:b] verb transitive
■to spread a thick or sticky liquid on something or to cover something with a thick or sticky liquid, often quickly or carelessly （随意）涂抹，乱涂，乱抹
• The walls had been daubed with graffiti. 墙上被人画满了涂鸦。
• The baby had daubed butter all over its hair and face. 婴儿把奶油抹得满头满脸，到处都是。
UK [dɔ:b] US [dɑ:b] noun countable
■an area of thick or sticky liquid on something （黏稠液体的）污迹
• a daub of red paint 一片红色油漆污迹
■a badly painted picture 拙劣的画作
vt. 涂抹；乱画；弄脏
 - soil, mud, spot
n. 涂抹；涂料；拙劣的画
 - lay on, coating material

Word: dutiful
Front: dutiful
[ˈdju:tɪfl] (宝 19141/19494 -1)
Vocabulary: dutiful
(once / 1253 pages)
adj
Are you a dutiful person? If you are, then you do as you're told, out of a feeling of duty and obligation. Dutiful children know this means cleaning one's room, taking out the trash, and not talking back!
The adjective dutiful is often used to describe obedient children, servants, and soldiers, as well as anyone else who willingly obeys orders. Not surprisingly, dutiful can also have a somewhat negative meaning. For example, if your graduation speaker gives a painfully boring address, you may respond with "dutiful applause" when it's over. That means you are clapping out of a sense of duty and respect, not because you thought the speech was any good.
WORD FAMILY
dutiful: dutifully, dutifulness, undutiful+/ duteous: duteously/ duty: duteous, dutiable, duties, dutiful /undutiful: undutifully, undutifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Garfield’s dutiful, contemplative Rodrigues faces the most grueling trial of all.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Artificial general intelligence will not involve dutiful adherence to explicit instructions, but instead will demonstrate a facility with the implicit, the interpretive.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Bennetts is unflinching and fair, but in the book’s latter half, the sheer volume of dutiful reporting starts to drag down the pace.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 尽职的; 恭敬顺从的; 守本分的
分布：尽职的(58%)，顺从的(33%)，责任感强的(9%)
【源】duty（n 义务；责任；税）
US ['du:.tˌɪ-] adjective
■doing everything that you should do 尽责的，尽职的
• a dutiful son/husband 孝顺的儿子／有责任感的丈夫
adj. 忠实的；顺从的；守本分的
 - faithful, allegiant

Word: doorway
Front: doorway
[ˈdɔ:weɪ] (研 3866/3727 -2)
Vocabulary: doorway
(once / 272 pages)
n
A doorway is the place through which you enter a room. Some doorways have actual doors, while others are merely arched openings into a room or building.
If you stand in your doorway watching your neighbor approach on his bike, you've probably got the front door open and you're standing in its space. The doorway to your living room, on the other hand, might be a simple arch or wide entryway. The word dates from about 1799, from door and way, which here means "space" — it's the space in a wall where a door sits.
WORD FAMILY
doorway: doorways
USAGE EXAMPLES
In June, a senior U.S. diplomat was attacked by a Russian soldier at the doorway to the U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Drug addicts used his doorway as a urinal, he said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Derek hovers in the doorway, seemingly unsure what to do.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 门口，门道
分布：门口(100%)
n.门口The poor man in poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.那个贫困的可怜人睡在门口的地板上.
US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
■the space in a wall where a door opens, or a covered area just outside a door 出入口，门口
n. 门口；途径
 - mechanism, approach, pass

Word: entirety
Front: entirety
[ɪnˈtaɪərəti] (宝 12896/13851 -1)
Vocabulary: entirety
(once / 3775 pages)
n
The noun entirety describes something that is total or complete, like when you eat a pizza in its entirety, leaving not even one slice for other people.
The noun entirety comes from the Latin word integritas, meaning “untouched” or “whole.” If a televised football game goes long, the announcers might say, "Your local news will air in its entirely after the game." That means the news will be its normal length, not shortened. If you did your assigned reading in its entirety, it means you completed it, reading every page, not just skipping around.
WORD FAMILY
entirety: entireties+/ entire: entirely, entireness, entirer, entires, entirest, entirety
USAGE EXAMPLES
The story, first read in its entirety by Sherlock, is based on an ancient Mesopotamian fable that appears in the Babylonian Talmud.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
His interest is in people and their trajectories; a maximalist, he wants to reveal the entirety of his characters’ lives and minds.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The entirety of Putin’s approach to these matters was foretold in his handling of the American threat to militarily intervene in Syria in 2013.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 整体，全面; 作为一个整体; 完全
分布：全部(100%)
整体(entire完整)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
【记】entire（adj 完整的）
【参】entity（n 实体）
US [-'taɪr.ə.tˌi] formal
noun
in its entirety
■with all parts included 作为一个整体；整个；全面地
• I've never actually read the book in its entirety. 实际上我从来没有完整地读过这本书。
n. 全部；完全
 - good and, full

Word: equivocal
Front: equivocal
[ɪˈkwɪvəkl] (托雅 20444/19210)
Vocabulary: equivocal
(once / 1525 pages)
adj
Try to remember that uncertain means equivocal and certain means unequivocal. That's a tricky movement the un- is making, and a lot of people get stumped.
From the Latin aequus 'equal, the same' + vocare "to call," equivocal describes when something is too close to call. Whose hand first touched the last brownie on the plate? We asked everyone but the answers were equivocal.
WORD FAMILY
equivocal: equivocally, equivocalness, unequivocal +/ unequivocal: unequivocally, unequivocalness
USAGE EXAMPLES
To its credit, the film manages to remain equivocal, keeping us in suspense, until the 11th hour.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Then in a TV interview on CBS, he was equivocal on the issue.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
But as the election approached, Mr. Trump grew less equivocal.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 模棱两可的; 意义不明的; 模糊的; （指人等）不可靠的
分布：模棱两可的(91%)，意义不明确的(9%)
→来自equal, 平等的。-voc, 说话，词源同voice, invoke.引申义模棱两可的。
支支吾吾的,模棱两可的(equi+voc声音+al→两种声音平等→模棱两可的)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
双关语;模陵两可的(equi平等+voc+al→平等声音→模陵两可的)[voc,vok=call,voice表示"叫喊,声音"]
[ɪ'kwɪv.ə.kəl] formal
adjective
■not clear and seeming to have two opposing meanings, or confusing and able to be understood in two different ways 含糊的；模棱两可的；有歧义的
• His words to the press were deliberately equivocal - he didn't deny the reports but neither did he confirm them. 他对新闻界发言时故意含糊其词——既没有否认也没有证实这些报道。
Opposite unequivocal
adj. 模棱两可的；可疑的
 - suspicious, doubtful

Word: fib
Front: fib
[fɪb] (29376/34766)
Vocabulary: fib
(once / 4996 pages)
nv
A fib is a small lie. If you think your friend's haircut looks strange, but you tell her you love it, it's a fib.
When you tell a fib, you fib. The thing that distinguishes a fib from a lie is that a fib isn't terribly important — it's minor or petty. You might fib to protect someone's feelings or to save yourself a long explanation about exactly why you're late to work. The origin of the word fib is uncertain, but it may come from fibble-fable, or "nonsense," which in turn comes from fable.
WORD FAMILY
fib: fibbed, fibber, fibbing, fibs+/fibber: fibbers/fibbing: fibbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was caught in a fib about a drunken encounter during the Rio Olympics in August.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
By the fall of 2014, I was fibbing two or three times a week.
Washington Post(Nov 04, 2016)
Those spectators on Lafayette who may have sweetly fibbed when they said you looked awesome?
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 小谎，无关紧要的谎话; 惯撒小谎的人
vi. 撒小谎
时态：fibbed, fibbing, fibs
分布：撒小谎(56%)，击(22%)，打(22%)
→来自fable, 寓言，故事，引申词义小谎。
[fɪb] (-bb-) informal
verb intransitive
■to tell a small lie which does not cause any harm, sometimes in a playful way 撒小谎，说瞎话
• I can tell he's fibbing because he's smiling! 我看得出他在说瞎话，因为他在笑呢！
n. 无伤大雅的谎言，小谎；一击
 - fibbery, fisticuff

Word: firewood
Front: firewood
[ˈfaɪəwʊd] (高 12444/15317 -1)
Back: n. 木柴; 柴火; 柴草; 荛
分布：柴火(52%)，木柴(48%)
US ['faɪr-] noun uncountable
■wood used as fuel for a fire 木柴
• We can use those old shelves as firewood. 我们可以用这些旧搁板当木柴。

Word: expansionism
Front: expansionism
[ɪkˈspænʃənɪzəm] (26946/34375)
Vocabulary: expansionism
(once / 21569 pages)
n
For the word expansionism, think of something expanding, of getting bigger. This time, it's not your waistline, it's a country. Expansionism is how the United States ended up with 50 states instead of 13 colonies.
Way back when, expansionism used to be called "imperialism." But then imperialism got a bad name, so now it is called expansionism. Basically, it's a country trying to exert influence over another country, or actually moving on in or invading. Needless to say, the other country isn't always so happy about being swept up in expansionism.
WORD FAMILY
expansionism: expansionist+/ expand: expandable, expanded, expanding, expands, expansible, expansion, expansive / expansion: expansionism, expansions/ expansive: expansively, expansiveness, expansivity, unexpansive
USAGE EXAMPLES
They’re less likely to object to Putin’s expansionism in Ukraine, for example.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
From this view, FDR was very much aware that Japanese expansionism in Asia and German aggrandizement in Europe meant trouble for America.
Salon(Dec 07, 2016)
They argue it would set a precedent for further expansionism in Russia’s “near-abroad”.
The Guardian(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 膨胀主义; 扩张主义
分布：膨胀主义(70%)，领土扩张政策(30%)
[ɪk'spæn.tʃən.ɪ.zəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■increasing the amount of land ruled by a country, or the business performed by a company （领土的）扩张主义，扩张政策；（经营规模的）扩张（政策）
• As a consequence of expansionism by some European countries, many ancient cultures have suffered. 由于一些欧洲国家奉行扩张主义，很多古代文化都蒙受劫难。

Word: folder
Front: folder
[ˈfəʊldə(r)] (雅宝 7114/9037 -1)
Back: n. 文件夹; 折叠机; 折叠式印刷品
分布：文件夹(99%)，折叠式印刷品(1%)
【记】fold（v 折叠）
US ['foʊl.dɚ] noun countable
FOR PAPERS 纸用
■a piece of plastic or cardboard folded down the middle and used for keeping loose papers in 文件夹
UK ['fəʊl.dər] US ['foʊl.dɚ] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑
■a place on a computer where files or programs can be stored （电脑的）文件夹
n. [轻] 文件夹；折叠机；折叠式印刷品
 - portfolio, paper file

Word: gallium
Front: gallium
[ˈgæliəm] (29724/41169)
Back: n. 镓
分布：镓(100%)
→来自Gallic, 高卢的，法国的。来自其发现者19世纪法国科学家Lecoq de Boisbaudran以祖国Gallic命名的金属元素 。

Word: imperious
Front: imperious
[ɪmˈpɪəriəs] (宝 19179/20847)
Vocabulary: imperious
(once / 857 pages)
adj
Someone who is imperious gives orders in a way that shows they feel superior or more important than other people. You might want the smartest kid in the class as your lab partner, but not if they have an imperious attitude and boss you around.
Near synonyms are arrogant, overbearing, and domineering. The adjective imperious is from Latin imperiōsus, from imperium "command, supreme power, empire." This Latin word is also the ultimate source of English empire "a group of countries or territories controlled by a single ruler or one government."
WORD FAMILY
imperious: imperiously, imperiousness+/imperiousness: imperiousnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
This player is looking imperious in front of goal these days.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Gabor features in several anecdotes told on the talkshow circuit about nightmare guests, being accused of hard demands and an imperious manner.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Well, it tells me that Chelsea's back five are in imperious form.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 专横的，飞扬跋扈的
分布：专横的(49%)，傲慢的(35%)，迫切的(16%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。即皇帝的，像皇帝一样的，引申词义专横的。
专横的(相皇帝一样→专横的)[emper,imper=command,表示"命令,统治"]
【记】imper命令，ious多－命令多的－专横的
【反】humble（adj 卑下的；谦逊的）；deferential（adj 恭敬的）；servile（adj 奴性的）；obeisant（adj 尊敬的）；unassuming（adj 谦逊的）
US [-'pɪr.i-] adjective
■unpleasantly proud and expecting obedience 专横的，跋扈的
• an imperious manner/voice 专横的态度／傲慢的语气
• She sent them away with an imperious wave of the hand. 她傲慢地挥了挥手，把他们打发走了。
imperious, imperial
imperious: a.傲慢的，专横的。
 • The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.   那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。
imperial: a.帝国的，帝王的；帝王般的，威严的；英制的(非公制的度量衡制，如磅，加仑，品脱等)。
 • the imperial guards   帝国卫士
adj. 专横的；迫切的；傲慢的
 - pressing, stringent

Word: forint

Word: horseman
Front: horseman
[ˈhɔ:smən] (12328/10405 -1)
Back: n. 骑手，马术师; 马术运动员; 养马人
分布：骑马者(40%)，马术师(38%)，养马者(22%)
US ['hɔ:rs-] noun countable
■a person who rides a horse, especially someone who rides well 骑手；（尤指）马术师
n. 骑马者；马术师
 - equestrian

Word: induction
Front: induction
[ɪnˈdʌkʃn] (六宝 10709/7240 -1)
Vocabulary: induction
(once / 1715 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
After a baseball player's induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, his name remains on the wall there for life. Induction is something that begins a process or a series of events.
In college, you rush a fraternity, become a pledge, and then receive a pin at the induction ceremony. The word has a meaning in an electrical context as well. When two wires touch each other, they conduct electricity. When the current passes wirelessly between two conductors, it's called induction.
WORD FAMILY
induction: inductions, self-induction+/ induct: inducted, inductee, inducting, induction, inductive, inducts/inductee: inductees/ inductive: inductively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Previously, the game was played on a Sunday night, one night after the inductions.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Being the best DH ever is a baseball honor and worthy of induction, not penalization,’’ he wrote.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Ali lost prime years as a fighter, refusing military induction during the Vietnam War.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 归纳（法）; （电或磁的）感应; 诱发; 就职，就职典礼
分布：感应(83%)，归纳法(10%)，就职(4%)，诱发(3%)
→来自induct,就职，入伍。
noun
INTRODUCTION 入门
countable or uncountable
■when someone is formally introduced into a new job or organization, especially through a special ceremony 就任；接纳会员；入门；就职仪式
• Their induction into the church took place in June. 他们的入教仪式在六月份举行。
• Her induction as councillor took place in the town hall. 她在市政厅就任市政会委员。
• an induction course/program/ceremony 入门课程／入门指导计划／就职仪式
[ɪn'dʌk.ʃən] noun
CAUSING 引起
uncountable formal
■when someone or something causes an event or process to happen 诱导； 引发（事件、过程发生）
• the induction of labour 催生
[ɪn'dʌk.ʃən] noun
THINKING 思维
uncountable specialized
■the process of discovering a general principle from a set of facts 归纳
[ɪn'dʌk.ʃən] noun
ELECTRICITY 电
uncountable specialized
■when electrical power goes from one object to another without the objects touching （电磁）感应
• an induction coil/motor 感应线圈／马达
inference, induction
这组词都有“推理、推论”的意思，其区别是：
inference: 侧重从前提得出结论的过程。
induction: 指从一系列具体的事实概括中一个一般的结论，即归纳法。
n. [电磁] 感应； [数] 归纳法；感应现象
 - reaction, inductive method

Word: incessant
Front: incessant
[ɪnˈsesnt] (托宝 14654/14650 -1)
Vocabulary: incessant
(once / 439 pages)
adj
Something incessant continues without interruption. When you're on a cross-country flight, it's tough to tolerate the incessant crying of a baby.
In Latin, cessare means 'to stop,' so when you add the negative prefix in- you get a word meaning never stopping. A near synonym is continual, but something incessant is more relentless; ceaseless is a closer synonym. It's rare to find incessant used in a positive way. Even incessant sunshine would grow boring.
WORD FAMILY
incessant: incessancy, incessanter, incessantly, incessantness
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the incessant stream of Bowie the New Yorker articles, he must be the personification of "New York" values.
New York Times(Jan 27, 2016)
Between the noise and the incessant brightness, he slept fitfully.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
With their incessant gegen-pressing, Liverpool are the other top-four side for whom an absence from European competition can be considered a blessing.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 不停的，持续不断的; 无尽无休
分布：不断的(84%)，无尽的(16%)
→in-,不，非，-cess,走，离开，词源同cease,concession.即不离开的，不停止的。
无穷无尽的[cess=stop(停止)]
【记】in不，cess＝cease（v 停止；终了），ant－连续不断的
【参】concession（n 让步）；cessation（n 停止）
【反】interrupted（adj 中断的）
adjective
■never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way 连续不断的，没完没了的
• incessant rain/noise/complaints 没完没了的雨／噪音／抱怨
continuous, constant, continual, incessant
这组词都有“不断的，不停的”的意思，其区别是：
continuous: a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。
 • Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.   我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant: a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。
 • Everything in the universe is in constant motion.   宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
continual: a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
 • That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.   那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。
incessant: a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。
 • Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.   持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
adj. 不断的；不停的；连续的
 - continuing, straight, endless, ceaseless, running

Word: inequity
Front: inequity
[ɪnˈekwəti] (宝 12110/22411)
Vocabulary: inequity
(once / 17031 pages)
n
The noun inequity describes a situation that’s not fair. If you feel, for example, that your brother gets to do whatever he wants while you must follow the rules to the letter, you might rage against inequity.
The prefix in- in inequity means “not” or “opposite of.” Equity, means "justice or fairness." Put it together and you get inequity: something that’s unfair or unjust. The word can be used to describe a wide range of unfair situations, such as an inequity in a school's buying new equipment for the football team while the field hockey team continues to wear uniforms from 1981.
WORD FAMILY
inequity: inequities+/ equity: equities, inequity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It lessens the great inequity that those just getting by day to day experience.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Though advocates may be concerned about the inequities organ markets may create, it bears noting that our current donation system already disproportionately favors the wealthy.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
In this story too, pay inequity shaped lives and families and inherited opportunities.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 不公平，不公正
分布：不公平(67%)，不公正(33%)
→in-,不，非，equity,公正。
【记】equity（n 公平；公正）；equal（adj 相等的）
N-VAR
不公正;不公平
If you refer to the inequity of something, you are criticizing it because it is unfair or unjust.
例：Social imbalance worries him more than inequity of income.社会失衡比收入不公平更令他忧虑。
例：...the inequities in our health care system.我们卫生保健制度的不公正
n. 不公平，不公正
 - wrong, unfairness

Word: jasmine
Front: jasmine
[ˈdʒæzmɪn] (14146/21019 -1)
Back: n. 茉莉; 茉莉香料; 淡黄色
分布：茉莉(94%)，淡黄色(6%)
→来自波斯语yasmin,茉莉花。
noun countable or uncountable
■a climbing plant. One type has white sweet-smelling flowers in summer and another type has yellow flowers in winter. 茉莉
n. 茉莉；淡黄色
 - pikake, straw yellow

Word: judy
Front: judy
['dʒu:di] (-/8155)
Back: n. （尤指轻佻的）姑娘
分布：名词(100%)
n. （尤指轻佻的）姑娘
 - girl, bride

Word: khaki
Front: khaki
[ˈkɑ:ki] (13097/15389 -1)
Back: n. 卡其布; 土黄色; 卡其布军服; 卡其布裤子
adj. 卡其色的; 土黄色的; 卡其布做的
分布：卡其布(56%)，土黄色(26%)，土黄色的(12%)，卡其布的(6%)
→来自印度乌尔都语khaki,土色的，灰褐色的。后用于指一种暗色面料，即卡其布，用于制作士兵制服。
noun uncountable adjective
■(of) a dark yellowish-green colour, often worn by soldiers 卡其色（的），土黄色（的）
['kɑ:.ki] noun uncountable
■dark yellowish-green cloth, often worn by soldiers （常指用以做军装的）卡其布
n. 卡其色；卡其布
 - shitake
adj. 卡其色的；黄褐色的；卡其布做的
 - fulvous, snuffcoloured

Word: jingle
Front: jingle
[ˈdʒɪŋgl] (六 14960/19420 -2)
Vocabulary: jingle
(once / 1257 pages)
1nv 2n
To jingle is to make a sound like pieces of metal jangling together, like those bells people sing about at Christmas. A jingle is also a funny little poem or song.
Have you ever heard a dog's metal tags banging together? That sound is called a jingle. A jingle is a metallic sound — a cowboy's spurs and a set of keys being shaken both jingle. If you drop a bunch of change on the ground, it will jingle. A jingle is also a bit of comic poetry, like a little song. Jingles are often made as advertisements because they tend to be catchy.
WORD FAMILY
jingle: jingled, jingles, jingling, jingly+/jingling: jinglingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a certain point, she was very much in demand as a jingle singer for major advertisers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Suddenly, a cellphone rings, releasing “Jingle Bells” into the air.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The Kings sell a variety of colors of poinsettias, from the traditional red poinsettia to a hybrid called “Jingle Bells.”
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 叮当声; 节拍十分规则的简单诗歌
vt. & vi. （使）叮当作响; 具有简单而又引人注意的韵律
时态：jingled, jingling, jingles
分布：叮当声(47%)，广告歌(37%)，押韵(16%)
→拟声词，丁当声。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to make a repeated gentle ringing sound, or to make things do this （使）发出叮当声
• She waited for him by the car, jingling the keys in her hand. 她在汽车旁等他，将手中的锁匙弄得叮当作响。
• The coins jingled in her pocket as she walked along. 她走路时硬币在口袋里叮当作响。
['dʒɪŋ.gl] noun
TUNE 曲调
countable
■a short simple tune, often with words, which is easy to remember and is used to advertise a product on the radio or television （广播或电视广告中易记的）短歌，短曲
['dʒɪŋ.gl] noun
RING 响
only singular
■a repeated gentle ringing sound （使）发出叮当声
• the jingle of sleigh bells 雪橇铃铛的叮当声
vi. 发出叮当声；押韵
 - rhyme
vt. 使押韵；使发出叮当声
 - rhyme
n. 叮当声
 - clonk, tintinnabulation

Word: koranic

Word: materially
Front: materially
[mə'tɪərɪəlɪ] (17329/14256)
Back: adv. <正>相当地; 大大地; 物质上; 钱财上
分布：物质上(70%)，实质性地(15%)，重大地(15%)
US [-'tɪr.i-] adverb
MONEY 金钱
■in a way that relates to money and possessions 物质上
• Materially, of course, we're better off. 当然，从物质方面来讲，我们是更富裕了。
UK [mə'tɪə.ri.ə.li] US [-'tɪr.i-] adverb
IMPORTANT 重要 formal
■in an important or significant way 本质上，重要地
• Even if mistakes were made in the counting, they wouldn't have materially affected the results. 即使计算出现了差错，对结果也不会有重大的影响。
adv. 实质地；物质上；极大地
 - vastly, immensely

Word: mama
Front: mama
['mæmə] (6423/8320 -1)
Back: n. 妈妈（口语）
分布：妈妈(100%)
→来自儿语mamma.
US ['mɑ:.mə] noun countable UK old use or US informal
■another word for mother mother 的另一种说法
■US slang
■a woman, especially an attractive one （尤指有吸引力的）女子
• There's a good-looking mama sitting at the bar. 吧台前坐着一位漂亮女子。
n. 妈妈（口语）
 - mom, mummy, momma

Word: meaty
Front: meaty
[ˈmi:ti] (14790/19706)
Vocabulary: meaty
(once / 16348 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's meaty is dense and chewy, or full of rich flavor, like meat. Believe it or not, a meaty portobello mushroom can be a good substitute for a hamburger.
If you serve your guests a thick, meaty stew, that means it's actually full of chunks of meat, and when you cook a pan of vegetarian "bacon," it may smell so good and meaty that you tempt even your most carnivorous friends. A figurative way for something to be meaty is to be full of information or substance. A meaty essay will make your history teacher much happier than one that's thin and hastily written.
WORD FAMILY
meaty: meatier, meatiest, meatily+/ meat: meatless, meats, meaty
USAGE EXAMPLES
Looks meaty, but will its Saturday night slot work?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Michael Keaton finds another meaty role in McDonald's tale 'The Founder'
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Halibut is a popular item among diners and chefs for its thick, meaty steaks.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 多肉的; 肉厚的; <非正>内容丰富的; 发人深思的
级别：meatier, meatiest
分布：肉的(47%)，多肉的(34%)，耐人寻味的(13%)，像肉的(6%)
→来自meat,肉。即多肉的，引申词义丰富的，有趣的，重要的等。
US [-tˌi] adjective
FOOD 食物
■full of meat or tasting a lot of meat 含肉多的；有肉味的
• a good meaty stew 美味的炖肉菜
■large and having a lot of flesh 肥硕多肉的
• meaty tomatoes 果肉肥美的番茄
UK ['mi:.ti] US [-tˌi] adjective
INTERESTING 有趣的
■having a lot of important or interesting ideas 内容丰富的；有声有色的
• a meaty book/letter/report 内容丰富的书／信／报告
• She has written some wonderfully meaty parts for older actresses. 她曾为年长的女演员写过一些特别精彩的台词。
adj. 肉的；多肉的；似肉的
 - fleshy, carnose

Word: misinterpret
Front: misinterpret
[ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜ:prɪt] (14400/13874 -1)
Vocabulary: misinterpret
(once / 3117 pages)
v
When you misinterpret something, you get it wrong. If you misinterpret another driver's wave as a friendly hello, you're probably missing the fact that he's trying to tell you one of your headlights has blown.
Misinterpreting can be fun or embarrassing on a personal level––you can, say, misinterpret a boy's interest in your friend, and think he want to go out with you. But it can be devastating on an international level. During the Cold War, the US and the USSR had to be very careful about sending signals about nuclear readiness––the cost of misinterpreting could be a nuclear war.
WORD FAMILY
misinterpret: misinterpretation, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets+/ interpret: interpretable, interpretation, interpretative, interpreted, interpreter, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, reinterpret / interpretation: interpretations/ interpretative: interpretatively/ interpreter: interpreters/interpreting: interpretings/ misinterpretation: misinterpretations/ reinterpret: reinterpretation, reinterpreted, reinterpreting, reinterprets/ reinterpretation: reinterpretations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think the thing that people sort of misinterpret about this is they’re well conceived. They fit their offense,” Saban said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Our belief in the power of breakfast is based on misinterpreted research and poor studies.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
I paid attention to the clues—the debates, the news developments, all those revelations—but like Dory, I misinterpreted them.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 误解，曲解
时态：misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets
分布：误解(100%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，interpret,解释。
US [-'tɝ:-] verb transitive
■to form an understanding that is not correct of something that is said or done 误解；误释
• My speech has been misinterpreted by the press. 我的演讲被新闻界曲解了。
• When we re-examined the regulations, we realised that we had misinterpreted them. 当我们重新研究章程时，我们意识到我们以往对之有所误解。
vt. 曲解，误解
 - mistake, read into

Word: mercantilist
Front: mercantilist
[mɜ:'kæntɪlɪst] None
Back: n. 重商主义者
分布：重商主义的(61%)，重商主义者(39%)
n. 重商主义者
 - commercialist

Word: mummy
Front: mummy
[ˈmʌmi] (13389/2995 -1)
Vocabulary: mummy
(once / 1327 pages)
1n 2n
A mummy is either a preserved dead body or a British person’s mom, ideally not at the same time. In ancient Egypt, preserving a body as a mummy was part of a religious belief in an afterlife.
Today, some bodies are embalmed and preserved after death, but rarely with the same ceremony that preparing a mummy involved. Most mummies were wrapped in cloth and treated with chemicals, after having their internal organs removed. Many countries have ancient mummy traditions, including China, Libya, Iran, and Italy, as well as the country most famous for its mummies, Egypt. The word comes from the Arabic mumiyah.
WORD FAMILY
mummy: mummies, mummify +/ mummify: mummification, mummified, mummifies, mummifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Field Museum in Chicago created a traveling exhibition that used CT scanning to “unwrap” ancient mummies.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It’s been called the curse of The Mummy.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
My eldest son calls it 'Mummy's smiley face'.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 妈妈; 木乃伊; 干尸; 干瘪的人
分布：木乃伊(100%)
→来自拉丁语mumia,来自阿拉伯语mumiyah,防腐处理过的尸体，来自波斯语mumiya,沥青， 柏油，来自mum,蜡。引申词义木乃伊。
noun countable
MOTHER 妈妈
 IMPROVER UK (US mommy) child's word for
■mother
• [as form of address] I want to go home, Mummy. 我想回家，妈咪。
• Could I speak to your mummy please, Phoebe? 我能和你妈妈通话吗，菲比？
['mʌm.i] noun countable
BODY 尸体
■(especially in ancient Egypt) a dead body that is prevented from decaying by being treated with special substances before being wrapped in cloth （尤指古埃及的）木乃伊，干尸
n. 妈妈；木乃伊；干瘪的人
 - mom, mama

Word: motorise

Word: niggle
Front: niggle
[ˈnɪgl] (-/23351)
Vocabulary: niggle
(once / 24988 pages)
v
To niggle means to argue over petty things, like battling over who gets the front seat or bickering about who's turn it is to take out the garbage.
To niggle is to squabble over something silly or even to persistently nag or worry someone to death. Etymologists believe the verb niggle could be from Scandinavian roots, but there's no point quibbling over its unclear origin. All you need to know is that niggling is largely annoying to all involved.
WORD FAMILY
niggle: niggled, niggler, niggles, niggling+/niggler: nigglers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The previous campaign’s player of the year and title-winning inspiration had been diminished, his form blunted by a series of niggling injuries.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
From here, United dominated until the break and what passed was a volatile period as the niggle factor rose.
The Guardian(Nov 03, 2016)
Brown had taken his decision to retire to concentrate on his club career following niggling injuries.
BBC(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: vi. 为小事操心，吹毛求疵; 不断地烦扰
时态：niggled, niggling, niggles
分布：拘泥小节(40%)，无法摆脱的烦恼(12%)，过分为琐事操心(12%)，轻微疼痛(12%)，小牢骚(12%)，惹恼(12%)
→来自挪威方言nigla,忙于琐事的，瞎忙的，词源同niggard，-le,表反复。引申词义使烦恼，使焦虑。
verb intransitive or transitive
WORRY 忧虑
■to worry someone slightly, usually for a long time （通常指长时间）使烦扰，困扰
• I just can't remember his name - it's been niggling (me) for a couple of weeks. 我就是记不起他的名字——我已经为这个困扰好几个星期了。
['nɪg.l] verb intransitive or transitive
CRITICIZE 批评
■to criticize someone about small details or give too much attention to details 挑剔，（对…）吹毛求疵
• She niggles endlessly over the exact pronunciation. 她对发音是否准确挑剔个没完没了。
• The accounts department is niggling me for ten cents they say I owe them. 财务部一直纠缠不清，说我欠他们一毛钱。
['nɪg.l] noun countable
WORRY 忧虑
■a small doubt or worry 疑虑；烦恼
• Don't you feel even a slight niggle about the morality of your experiments? 你们难道丝毫不担心你们的实验是否合乎道德吗？
['nɪg.l] noun countable
CRITICISM 批评
■a small criticism 小牢骚，小意见
• I do have a few minor niggles about the book, but generally it's very good. 对于这本书，我确实有几点小意见，但大体而言它是很不错的。
vi. 拘泥小节；为琐事费时；挑剔
 - carp at, find fault with

Word: nutty
Front: nutty
[ˈnʌti] (14450/11074 -1)
Back: adj. 多坚果的，产坚果的; 坚果般的; <俚>古怪的，狂热的，发疯的
分布：有坚果味的(51%)，古怪的(33%)，有许多坚果的(16%)
→来自nut,坚果，疯子。
US ['nʌtˌ.i] adjective
FOOD 食物
■containing or tasting of nuts 含坚果的；坚果口味的
UK ['nʌt.i] US ['nʌtˌ.i] adjective
PERSON 人 informal
■mad, silly or strange 疯狂的；愚蠢的；怪异的
• She's got some nutty idea about setting up a school for cats. 她有个怪异的念头，想创办一所猫咪学校。
UK ['nʌt.i] US ['nʌtˌ.i] adjective
be (as) nutty as a fruitcake informal
■to be a very strange or mad person 是个怪人；是个疯子
adj. 多坚果的；产坚果的；古怪的
 - odd, curious

Word: oddball
Front: oddball
[ˈɒdbɔ:l] (18761/25359)
Vocabulary: oddball
(once / 19095 pages)
n
People who just don't fit in — they're a little strange, or somewhat eccentric — are oddballs. If you're a non-sports fan surrounded by enthusiastic football supporters cheering for the home team, you might feel like an oddball.
The kid who brings her book to an amusement park is an oddball, and so is the guy who pushes his dog around in a baby stroller. This informal word for "weirdo" or "misfit" is good for describing someone whose eccentricities are fairly obvious, like your uncle, the oddball who wears full clown makeup to every family gathering. Oddball was first used in the 1940s, modeled after the earlier screwball, first meaning a wayward baseball pitch and later "eccentric person."
WORD FAMILY
oddball: oddballs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Try for contrasting flavors, shapes and colors, with at least one oddball, such as husk cherry.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
We’ve talked a bit about Search Party, which wholly engrossed me for a day with its oddball mystery and that great, divisive ending.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
In any razor-thin voting outcome, it’s easy and fun to cite oddball or esoteric factors and claim they “decided” the race.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的
n. 古怪的人
分布：古怪的(61%)，古怪的人(39%)
→比喻用法。
US ['ɑ:d.bɑ:l] informal
noun countable
■a person whose behaviour is unusual and strange 古怪的人，怪异的人
adj. 古怪的；奇怪的
 - strange, odd, curious
n. 古怪；古怪的人
 - eccentricity, fantastic

Word: observance
Front: observance
[əbˈzɜ:vəns] (托雅宝 13271/12033)
Vocabulary: observance
(once / 843 pages)
1n 2n
Observance is when you obey a rule or law, or follow a long-standing tradition. If your religious observance requires you to fast for several days, you might ask your track coach to let you sit out a race.
Observance of traffic laws will usually keep you from getting expensive speeding tickets. And, practicing a religion usually includes various kinds of observance, from attending church or temple to wearing certain items of clothing. You can also use this noun to mean "watching or noticing," like a bird watcher's careful observance of a bush where he once spotted a rare finch — although this is more commonly called observation.
WORD FAMILY
observance: nonobservance, observances+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will be no New York Today on Monday, in observance of the holiday.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This celebration is designed to appeal to those seeking a quieter Christmas observance.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Christmas Eve Mass Late-night religious observances include this solemn ceremony from St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 遵守，奉行; （宗教的，正式的）仪式; 惯例; 庆祝
分布：遵守(47%)，纪念(30%)，仪式(23%)
→来自observe,遵行，遵守。
惯例;遵守(observe+ance)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
US [-'zɝ:-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone obeys a law or follows a religious custom （对法律或宗教习俗的）遵守，奉行
• Religious observances such as fasting can be hard to follow. 像斋戒这样的宗教习俗很难遵行。
n. 惯例；遵守；仪式；庆祝
 - tradition, convention, usage, ceremony, festival

Word: overtone
Front: overtone
[ˈəʊvətəʊn] (13996/11391 -1)
Back: n. [乐]陪音，泛音; [无线]谐波; 次要的意义; 暗示，言外之意
分布：暗示(61%)，寓意(26%)，弦外音(13%)
→over-,超过，过度，tone,语调。比喻用法。
US ['oʊ.vɚ.toʊn] noun countable usually plural
■something that is suggested, but is not clearly stated 暗示；弦外之音；言外之意
• The concert was supposed to be a charity event but it had strong political overtones. 这场音乐会原是为慈善事业筹款的，但却带有浓厚的政治色彩。
• There was an overtone of regret in his farewell speech. 他的告别演说中流露出悔恨之意。
n. [声] 泛音；暗示，寓意；弦外之音
 - connotation, moral, implication, reminder

Word: pluripotent

Word: prodigy
Front: prodigy
[ˈprɒdədʒi] (托宝 14246/20395 -1)
Vocabulary: prodigy
(once / 474 pages)
1n 2n
A prodigy is someone who is so naturally talented at something that they become a master of that particular skill as a child––you can be a musical prodigy or a math prodigy. Mozart was one, writing symphonies and playing for kings when he was only five years old.
Prodigy is one of those wonderful words whose different meanings tell a story about how the meanings of words bloom over time. The word derives from the Latin prodigium, meaning an omen or a sign of something to come. Prodigies are kids who often seem so talented that their success must presage even greater mastery, though, of course, the irony is that most prodigies peak in their youth.
WORD FAMILY
prodigy: prodigies, prodigious +/ prodigious: prodigiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prodigy originally aspired to become a concert pianist, but found her calling using both her musical and vocal talents to write songs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
A chess prodigy, he began designing innovative, multimillion-selling video games while in his teens and started his own company in his early 20s.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
“Rose Golden,” with Will Smith’s daughter and “Whip My Hair” prodigy Willow Smith, is a lush and instrumental song of self-discovery.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 奇才，天才（尤指神童）; 壮举，盛况
分布：神童(42%)，天才(41%)，奇迹(13%)，惊人的事物(4%)
→来自拉丁语prodigium,预言，预兆，奇怪的预示，妖怪，来自pro-,向前，-igium,说，预言，可能来自ag,说，词源同adage.后用于指天赋异禀的孩子，天才，神童。
【记】pro前，dig挖，y外（星人）：挖出外星人的小孩－神童
US ['prɑ:.də-] noun countable
■someone with a very great ability which usually shows itself when that person is a young child 奇才，天才
• The 16-year-old tennis prodigy is the youngest player ever to reach the Olympic finals. 这位16岁的网球天才是迄今打进奥运决赛最年轻的选手。
• He read in the paper about a mathematical prodigy who was attending university at the age of 12. 他在报纸上看到一则12岁就上大学的数学奇才的报道。
⇒ See also child prodigy
n. 奇迹，奇事；奇才；奇观；预兆
 - phenomenon, wonder, miracle, warning

Word: resultant
Front: resultant
[rɪˈzʌltənt] (研六 14064/9919 -1)
Back: adj. 因而发生的，结果必然产生的; [物]组合的，合成的
n. 结果，后果; 合力，合成力，合成[运动]，[数]结式，消元式，[物]合量，组合，[化]生成物，（反应）产物; [数学] 合矢量：等价于一组向量的一个单个向量
分布：结果(69%)，合成的(15%)，结式(8%)，产物(5%)，作为结果的(3%)
→来自 result,结果，后果。
a.作为结果而发生的;合成的He worked hard and deserved his resultant successes.他辛勤工作, 理所当然地取得了成功.
ADJ
作为结果的;由此引起的;因而发生的
Resultant means caused by the event just mentioned.
例：At least a quarter of a million people have died in the fighting and the resultant famines.至少25万人死于这场战斗和由此引发的饥荒。
n. 合力；结果； [化学] 生成物
 - outcome, product, event, consequence, harvest
adj. 结果的；合成的
 - complex, synthetic

Word: sandbag
Front: sandbag
[ˈsændbæg] (17565/20704)
Back: n. 沙袋
vt. 堆沙袋，用沙袋打
时态：sandbagged, sandbagging, sandbags
分布：沙袋(80%)，掩盖真相(5%)，抵御(5%)，猛烈抨击(5%)，堆沙袋(5%)
noun countable
■a bag filled with sand which is used as a defence against floods, explosions, etc. （用于抵御洪水、爆炸等的）沙袋
['sænd.bæg] verb transitive (-gg-)
■to put sandbags in or around something 堆沙袋，堆沙包
• They sandbagged the doors to stop the water coming in. 他们在门前堆起沙袋以防进水。
n. 沙袋
 - earthbags

Word: scorecard
Front: scorecard
[ˈskɔ:kɑ:d] (17908/39967)
Back: n. 记分卡
分布：记分卡(100%)
US ['skɔ:r.kɑ:rd] noun countable
■a small card for recording the score while watching or taking part in a game, race or competition 记分卡

Word: scruple
Front: scruple
[ˈskru:pl] (托宝 23324/18557)
Vocabulary: scruple
(once / 269 pages)
nv
Your scruples are what keep you from doing things you consider to be morally or ethically wrong. Your scruples won't allow you to cheat on a test, or steal from your brother's Halloween candy stash.
The noun scruple comes from a Latin word, scrupulus, which means a small, sharp stone. Some say that the philosopher Cicero first used the word analogously to compare a worry to a small, sharp stone in your shoe that bothers you. From there the word scruple took on the ethical principles meaning. If you are doing something bad, your scruples will bother you — but emptying your shoe probably won't help.
WORD FAMILY
scruple: scrupled, scruples, scrupling, scrupulous +/ scrupulous: scrupulously, scrupulousness, unscrupulous / unscrupulous: unscrupulously, unscrupulousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also decides that “with uncharacteristic reservation and scruples that I quash any details” of their first weekend together.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Diplomatic scruples did not inhibit Vladimir Putin, who was all too happy to fill the vacuum.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“Seven weeks of insomnia outweigh many scruples,” he told her when he finally poured forth his desire in a letter.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 良心上的不安; 顾虑，顾忌
vi. 感到于心不安，有顾忌
时态：scrupled, scrupling, scruples
分布：顾忌(53%)，顾虑(27%)，迟疑(20%)
→来自拉丁语 scrupulus,顾忌，顾虑，良心不安，来自 scrupus,小石子，碎屑，可能来自 sker, 砍，切，词源同 scar,scree,scrap.比喻用法。
noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling that prevents you from doing something that you think is morally wrong or makes you uncertain about doing it 顾忌；顾虑
• Robin Hood had no scruples about robbing the rich to give to the poor. 罗宾汉对劫富济贫这件事问心无愧。
• He is a man without scruple - he has no conscience. 他是一个肆无忌惮的人—— 一点良知都没有。
['skru:.pl] verb formal
not scruple to do sth
■to not care that something you do is morally wrong or likely to have bad results 毫无顾忌地做…
• He wouldn't scruple to cheat his own mother if there was money in it for him. 只要有利可图，他会肆无忌惮地欺骗自己的母亲。
n. 微量；顾虑；踌躇
 - suggestion, trace, drop
vi. 有顾忌；踌躇
 - hesitate, crane
vt. 对…有顾虑
 - shy of

Word: seduction
Front: seduction
[sɪˈdʌkʃn] (12359/14743)
Vocabulary: seduction
(once / 3293 pages)
n
Use the noun seduction when you're talking about a devious kind of persuasion, in which you cajole or charm someone into going along with your evil plan.
You can also use seduction to mean a romantic attraction, especially if one person sets out to attract the other. The Latin root is seducere, "lead away or lead astray." Originally, seduction only referred to a man enticing a woman into romance, and not the other way around.
WORD FAMILY
seduction: seductions+/ seduce: seduced, seducer, seduces, seducing, seduction /seducer: seducers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, tanking is the pro sports version of the obnoxious seduction technique known as negging.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Tad Szulc, a biographer, called him "Cuba's great master of political seduction."
Reuters(Nov 26, 2016)
I liked this online seduction much more than I imagined I would.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 诱惑; 引诱; 被引诱; 诱惑物
分布：诱惑(70%)，引诱(15%)，诱奸(8%)，勾引(7%)
→seduce,诈骗，诱奸，-ct,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。引申比喻义诱惑力，魅力。
引诱;诱惑力(se+duct+ion)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
noun
ATTRACTING 吸引
countable usually plural
■the attractive quality of something 诱惑力；吸引力；魅力
• The seductions of life in a warm climate have led many Britons to live abroad, especially in Spain. 很多英国人禁不住温暖气候的诱惑，移居海外，尤其是到西班牙。
[sɪ'dʌk.ʃən] noun
PERSUADING 引诱
countable or uncountable
■when someone is persuaded to have sex with someone else, especially someone older or more experienced 引诱；诱惑
• The film depicts Charlotte's seduction by her boss. 电影描述了夏洛特被老板诱奸的经过。
n. 诱惑；魅力；（复数）诱惑物
 - grace, charm

Word: sheen
Front: sheen
[ʃi:n] (宝 12743/15025 -1)
Vocabulary: sheen
(once / 1641 pages)
n
A sheen is a quality of things that are shiny, usually with reflected light. Anything that shines has a sheen, like satin in candlelight or a beautiful head of hair.
Shakespeare loved using words in fresh new ways, and he did that with the adjective for sheen (for “beautiful, bright”) in "Hamlet." He used sheen as a noun, and it’s been that way ever since. A sheen is a luster that happens because of reflected light. A well-polished table has a sheen, as does a car that's just been washed. Shined shoes have a sheen. If it’s shiny and beautiful, it has a sheen.
WORD FAMILY
sheen: sheens, sheeny+/sheeny: sheenies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her robust voice with its country sheen was a force of nature.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The backlash was swift, with many people accusing Mr. Sheen of politicizing a tragedy for a cheap joke.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But Michael’s probing the perks and challenges of celebrity, its sheen and the ways in which it redefines life, was more than simple whining.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 光泽，光辉; 华服; 有光泽的纺织物
adj. 有光泽的; 光辉的; 华丽的
v. 闪耀; 发光
分布：光泽(54%)，光辉(24%)，光彩(22%)
→来自古英语 scene,明亮的，漂亮的，词源同 shine.后形容词作名词使用，引申词义光泽，光 彩等。
【记】有sheen的green的sheet。
[ʃi:n] approving
noun only singular
■a bright, smooth surface 光彩；光泽
• The conditioner gives the hair a beautiful soft sheen. 这种护发乳能使头发美丽、柔顺，富有光泽。
n. 光辉，光泽，光彩
 - flame, brilliance
adj. 光辉的；有光泽的；华丽的
 - magnificent, brave
vi. 闪耀；发光
 - shine on, light emission

Word: skinhead
Front: skinhead
[ˈskɪnhed] (16513/13222 -1)
Back: n. 理平头的男人
分布：行为暴戾的青少年(67%)，光头仔(33%)
noun
countable
■a young person, especially a man, who has very short hair or no hair and is part of a group, often a violent group （常指暴力集团中的）短发青年，光头仔
only singular
■a hairstyle in which the hair is so short that the skin on the head can be seen 平头（一种头发很短的发型，故可看到头上的皮肤）

Word: sludge
Front: sludge
[slʌdʒ] (11822/15316 -1)
Vocabulary: sludge
(once / 10287 pages)
n
Sludge is thick, damp, almost sticky stuff. If your friend dares you to climb through an old sewer pipe, you might want to check first to see if it's full of sludge.
Sludge is often used to talk about the byproduct of a process like sewage treatment or oil refining, but you can use it for any viscous goop. Sludge floating in your fish tank is a sign that you should clean the water, and sludge inside a car's engine can affect the way the car runs. Sludge is a bit of a mystery — it may come from the Middle English slutch, "mud," or might be related to slush.
WORD FAMILY
sludge: sludges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, “insurance” was simply a name to continue the sludge of handouts under a new guise, providing farmers with higher prices than markets provided.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
That sludge will be piped to an injection well underground at a higher elevation.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
In order to begin the upgrades, the county needs to complete a $23 million sludge removal project at the plant.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 泥浆，烂泥; 沉淀物; 泥状雪
v. 清除污泥
分布：淤泥(67%)，泥状雪(20%)，泥泞(13%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.
noun uncountable
■soft wet soil or a substance that looks like this 烂泥，淤泥；糊
• We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee-deep in sludge. 最后的一哩路我们似乎完全走在没膝的烂泥中。
n. [环境] 烂泥；泥泞；泥状雪；沉淀物；（海上）小浮冰
 - deposit, precipitation, sediment

Word: sleuth
Front: sleuth
[slu:θ] (21361/33602)
Vocabulary: sleuth
(once / 6093 pages)
nv
Sleuth is a fun, sometimes playful, word for "detective." As a verb, it's also what a detective does. When you seek clues, you sleuth. You, sleuth, you!
The word sleuth comes from the Old Norse sloth, meaning "trail" and sleuthing is following a trail. One type of bloodhound skilled at following trails is called a sleuthhound, and that word was shortened to sleuth in the late 19th Century, referring to an investigator. As an amateur sleuth, you caught the robber dressed as a mummy before the police did. He would have escaped if not for you, you meddling sleuth!
WORD FAMILY
sleuth: sleuthed, sleuthing, sleuths
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sherlock” is his name, and sleuthing is his game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Reality TV shows seem to offer a better avenue for bankruptcy sleuths than social media.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
She began sleuthing on the internet, armed only with first names and the date of the wedding.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 足迹，警犬，侦探
vi. 做侦探
时态：sleuthed, sleuthing, sleuths
分布：警犬(60%)，侦查(40%)
→来自古诺斯语 sloth,足迹，踪迹，词源不详。可能来自辅音丛 sl-,砍，劈，分开。引申比喻义 侦查，调查，侦探等。
old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable
■someone whose job is to discover information about crimes and find out who is responsible for them; a detective 侦探
n. 侦探；警犬
 - tec, hawkshaw
vi. 做侦探；侦查
 - spy into, spy on

Word: showy
Front: showy
[ˈʃəʊi] (宝 17832/22398)
Back: adj. 引人注目的; 过分装饰的，太华丽的
分布：显眼的(57%)，鲜艳的(31%)，卖弄的(12%)
→show,展示，炫耀，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['ʃoʊ-] disapproving
adjective
■attracting a lot of attention by being very colourful or bright, but without any real beauty 花俏的；招摇的；过分华丽的
• a showy production of a play 过分矫饰的戏剧
• Her dress was too showy for such a formal occasion. 在如此正式的场合，她的服饰过于花俏了。
adj. 艳丽的；炫耀的；显眼的
 - ambitious, gay

Word: sitcom
Front: sitcom
[ˈsɪtkɒm] (7632/25705 -1)
Vocabulary: sitcom
(once / 4441 pages)
n
Sitcom is short for “situation comedy.” It’s a funny TV show with a realistic setting, like an apartment full of wacky roommates or a restaurant where a regular cast of characters cracks jokes from week to week.
Sitcoms have been around since people began rolling their eyes at laugh tracks. I Love Lucy (1950’s) was an early sitcom; it was one that featured a married couple who had zany misunderstandings. On 30 Rock (2000’s), the situation was a bunch of oddballs in their office making a TV show. On Barney Miller, (1970’s) the situation was a normal police captain surrounded by weird coworkers. The basic elements of a sitcom stay the same from week to week.
WORD FAMILY
sitcom: sitcoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
This sitcom returns from its winter hiatus, with the Hecks spending their New Year staving off a zombie apocalypse.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Speaking of “It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia,” this totes inappropes sitcom is back for a 12th season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He cited 1960s sitcoms like “Bewitched” and “I Dream of Jeannie” as mass entertainment necessary in uncertain times.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 情景喜剧
分布：名词(100%)
US [-kɑ:m] noun countable or uncountable
■a situation comedy

Word: thermostat
Front: thermostat
[ˈθɜ:məstæt] (15617/17013)
Vocabulary: thermostat
(once / 22600 pages)
nv
If your house is always too cold in the winter, you might need to adjust the thermostat, or the dial that controls the indoor temperature.
Most devices that emit heat have a thermostat, which controls how hot or cold things get. Car engines, electric blankets, furnaces, and ovens are all equipped with thermostats so that people can change the temperature, or in the case of cars, so that the car itself can keep the engine at the ideal temperature. The noun thermostat comes from the Greek word for heat, thermos, plus statos, or "a standing."
WORD FAMILY
thermostat: thermostated, thermostatic, thermostats, thermostatted+/thermostatic: thermostatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few rare genetic mutations break the thermostat.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Lower the thermostat at night to about 60 degrees, and use pajamas and quilts to keep warm while asleep.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
If I were using Google Home to control my lights and thermostat too, it would be a no-brainer at $129.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 恒温（调节）器
分布：恒温器(100%)
→therm-,热，热的，-stat,平衡，稳定，词源同 stand.
US ['θɝ:-] noun countable
■a device which keeps a building, engine, etc. within a usually limited temperature range by automatically switching the supply of heat on and off 温度自动调节器，恒温器
• a central heating thermostat 集中供暖温度调节器
n. [自] 恒温器；自动调温器
 - thermal cutout, attemperator

Word: supremely
Front: supremely
[su:ˈpri:mli] (托 16984/14926)
Back: adv. 极其，极为
分布：无上地(40%)，崇高地(40%)，极度地(20%)
adverb
■extremely 极其，极度地
• Wales are supremely confident of winning the match. 威尔士对打赢这场比赛信心百倍。
adv. 至上地；崇高地
 - consummately, nobly

Word: striped
Front: striped
[straɪpt] (8125/8658 -K1)
Back: adj. 有条纹的; 有斑纹的; 喝醉了的
分布：有斑纹的(86%)，动词strip的过去式和过去分词.(14%)
adjective
■Something that is striped has stripes on it 有条纹的
• green and white striped pyjamas 绿白相间的条纹睡衣
• Do you prefer plain or striped shirts ? 你喜欢素面衬衫还是条纹衬衫？
adj. 有条纹的；有斑纹的
 - streaky, brinded

Word: transcribe
Front: transcribe
[trænˈskraɪb] (宝 9467/11892 -1)
Vocabulary: transcribe
(once / 649 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4v
If someone asks you to transcribe something, they want you to listen to it and write down what was said, word for word. Speeches, interviews, and trials are often transcribed for records.
From the Latin transcribere, which means “to copy, write over, or transfer,” the verb transcribe means just that: to write out a copy. You might want to transcribe a recording of an interview onto paper, or maybe you need to transcribe all the notes you collected from an important meeting. If you can remember that trans means “over” and that a scribe is a writer, you shouldn’t forget this word. Fun fact: to transcribe poorly is to transcribble.
WORD FAMILY
transcribe: transcribed, transcriber, transcribes, transcribing, transcription +/ transcriber: transcribers/ transcription: transcriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fahy said, “It’s a big job to transcribe all that.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The search warrant, signed by a judge in August, requests all “audio recordings, transcribed records, text records and other data” from Bates’ Echo speaker.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She was arrested in 1941 and imprisoned for seven months after being caught at a meeting where students were transcribing Allied radio broadcasts for dissemination.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. （用不同的录音手段）转录; 抄写，誊写; 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）
时态：transcribed, transcribing, transcribes
分布：转录(54%)，抄写(39%)，用音标标出(7%)
→tran-,转移，进入，-scribe,写，词源同 describe,description.
抄写,转录(trans+scribe写→把写的东西移到(另一张纸上)→抄写)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
抄写,誊写(trans横+scribe→写过去→誊写)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】trans交换，scribe写－交换写下－抄写
【参】transcription（n 抄写；抄本）
verb transitive
RECORD 记录
■to record something written, spoken or played by writing it down 写下，记录下；抄录
• Tape recordings of conversations are transcribed by typists and entered into the database. 谈话的磁带录音由打字员记录下来，并输入资料库。
[træn'skraɪb] verb transitive
CHANGE 改变
■to change a piece of writing or music into another form, for example into a different writing system or into music for different instruments 转录（为另一种书写形式）；改编（乐曲）
• Transcribing the Ethiopian text into the English alphabet was their first task. 把埃塞俄比亚原文转换成英文是他们的第一项任务。
• The quintet had been transcribed for clarinet and piano. 这个五重奏被改编成单簧管和钢琴二重奏。
vt. 转录；抄写
 - to copy

Word: tolstoy

Word: tuft
Front: tuft
[tʌft] (15142/15245)
Back: n. 丛生植物; （头发、羽毛、草等）一簇; <古>髭; 逢迎权贵的人
vt. 用丛毛装饰; 使分成簇（或束）
vi. 形成一簇，丛生
分布：丛生(37%)，用丛毛装饰(28%)，一丛草(21%)，使成簇(14%)
noun countable
■a number of short pieces of especially hair or grass which closely grow together or are held together near the base （尤指毛发、草等的）一束，一簇，一丛
• He had a few tufts of hair on his chin, but you could hardly call it a beard. 他下巴上有几簇毛，但很难称其为胡须。
n. 一簇；丛生植物；一丛
 - swad, fascicle
vi. 丛生
 - bush, cluster

Word: undeserving
Front: undeserving
[ˌʌndɪˈzɜ:vɪŋ] (38224/40364)
Vocabulary: undeserving
(once / 9983 pages)
adj
If you are undeserving, then you are not worthy of something. If you believe that a famous actor isn't worthy of the attention and praise he gets, you can describe him as undeserving.
The adjective undeserving is perfect for talking about someone who has more than he or she is entitled to. You might believe that your cheating classmate is undeserving of the school prizes she wins, or that greedy bosses are undeserving of their high salaries. The word deserve is at the root of undeserving, and it in turn comes from the Latin deservire, or "serve well." In Late Latin, this came to mean "be entitled to because of good service."
WORD FAMILY
undeserving: undeservingly+/ deserve: deserved, deserves, deserving/deserved: deservedest, deservedly, undeserved/deserving: deservingest, deservingly, deservingness, undeserving /undeserved: undeservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When is it ever OK to negotiate in bad faith, as if the Palestinians were animals and therefore undeserving of peace?
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
The core reason is that the word 'universal' smacks of the so-called 'undeserving' getting something free from the 'deserving'.
New York Times(Oct 24, 2016)
The emphasis on gang membership has always seemed to me like a way of filtering child deaths into two categories: deserving and undeserving.
Salon(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不值得…的
分布：不配受到的(67%)，不值得的(33%)

Word: unsuspecting
Front: unsuspecting
[ˌʌnsəˈspektɪŋ] (13871/14048 -1)
Back: adj. 不怀疑的，无猜疑的; 可信任的; 未料到的，未猜想到的
adv. 不怀疑地，无猜疑地; 可信任地
分布：无戒心的(54%)，无疑心的(33%)，未料到的(13%)
adjective
■trusting; not realising there is any danger or harm 深信不疑的；无戒备之心的
• The killer lured his unsuspecting victims back to his apartment. 杀手把那些毫无戒备心的受害者诱骗回他的公寓。

Word: untrustworthy
Front: untrustworthy
[ʌnˈtrʌstwɜ:ði] (22747/21364)
Back: adj. 不能信赖的，靠不住的
分布：靠不住的(59%)，不能信赖的(41%)
adj. 靠不住的；不能信赖的
 - uncertain, undependable

Word: yore
Front: yore
[jɔ:(r)] (23850/34278)
Vocabulary: yore
(once / 1371 pages)
n
If you know someone who dreams of a time long ago, when knights roamed the countryside and engaged in daring and romantic quests, you could say that person longs for “days of yore.”
Yore, meaning "a time long ago," is used in the same manner as yesteryear, days gone by, and olden times. Yore has a sentimental or nostalgic tone to it, implying that the olden times being described are in some way superior to the present day. You might hear someone say, “This tragedy wouldn’t have happened in days of yore,” or “The car designs of yore were more imaginative than anything being built today.”
WORD FAMILY
yore: yores
USAGE EXAMPLES
The choking first aid posters of yore were a messy confluence of primary colors and a stylized fish skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“La La Land” does nod nostalgically to musicals of yore — but a genre that peaked in the 1950s isn’t exactly a bankable one.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
He’ll need to help set a confident tone early for the Seattle OL otherwise memories of tough days of yore may return quickly.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. <书>往昔，昔时
分布：昔时(100%)
→来自year的复数所有格形式。
US [jɔ:r] literary
noun
of yore
■of a long time ago 很久以前
• This was once a Roman road in days of yore. 很久以前这里曾是古罗马的一条道路。
n. 昔时，从前
 - once upon a time, ages ago

Word: agonise

Word: wrack
Front: wrack
[ræk] (18410/23271)
Vocabulary: wrack
(once / 6840 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Wrack is when something falls into disrepair. When an old house deteriorates, you can describe its wrack, or the process of its crumbling collapse.
You're most likely to come across the noun wrack in the phrase "go to wrack and ruin." This is a descriptive way to talk about the collapse or gradual breakdown of something, either literal — "I hate to see that building go to wrack and ruin," or figurative — "Their marriage went to wrack and ruin after a year." In the fourteenth century, a wrack was a shipwreck, from the Middle Dutch wrak, or "wreck."
WORD FAMILY
wrack: wracked, wracking, wracks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, Jim, wracked by loneliness after a year in luxe isolation, wakes Aurora up himself, essentially dooming her to live and die at his side.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
These problems aren’t the worst aspects of a democratic process wracked by voter suppression.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
Wars in Syria, Iraq, Libya, and Yemen wrack the region, and virulent forms of extremism threaten all the other states.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. （在海岸上长的或冲到海岸上的）海草（用作肥料等）; 墨角藻; 残败; 漂来物
时态：wracked, wracking, wracks
分布：破坏(51%)，海草(27%)，残骸(13%)，带来极大的痛苦(9%)
→可能来自wreg,推，驱动，扭曲，词源同wreak,wreck,引申义残骸，破败。后也用来指漂到海岸上的海草。
noun uncountable See rack and ruin at rack
n. 失事船只；破坏； [植] 漂积海草
 - destruction, breaking, blasting
vt. 严重伤害；遇难
 - bemaul

Word: vitriol
Front: vitriol
[ˈvɪtriɒl] (24575/35021 -1)
Vocabulary: vitriol
(once / 4247 pages)
nv
Vitriol is harsh, nasty criticism. You may have deserved some blame when the cake didn't rise, but the head chef's stream of vitriol was unnecessary.
Back in the day, vitriol was the name for sulfuric acid, which burns through just about anything. So think of vitriol as language so mean-spirited and bitter that it could eat through metal: "As a divorce lawyer, you were familiar with vitriol, but nothing prepared you for the time you wore a Red Sox cap at Yankee Stadium."
WORD FAMILY
vitriol: vitrioled, vitriolic, vitriols+/ vitriolic: vitriolically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the woman who now plays her hasn’t gotten used to the vitriol.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Just a quiet parting of ways, an unspoken decision to focus on a future free of vitriol and resentment.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Designing websites and ruminations on civil discourse and political vitriol are not what you think of when you think of high school projects.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 硫酸盐，刻薄话; 蓝矾
时态：vitrioled, vitrioling, vitriols
分布：刻薄(56%)，硫酸盐(44%)
→来自拉丁语vitrum,玻璃，镜子，铜镜，词源同vitreous,后用于指硫化铁，蓝矾，可能因为其颜色相似而得名。该物质加热后分离出硫酸，因此，引申词义尖酸的，尖刻的。
noun uncountable
■violent hate and anger expressed through severe criticism 尖刻；辛辣
• He is a writer who has often been criticized by the press but never before with such vitriol. 他是一位常受媒体批评的作家，但以前从未遭到如此尖刻的批评。
n. [无化] 硫酸，硫酸盐；尖刻的话
 - sulfuric acid, sulphuric acid
vt. 用硫酸处理；用尖刻的话伤害
 - sulfate

Word: vantage
Front: vantage
['vɑ:ntɪdʒ] (托宝 9005/11408)
Vocabulary: vantage
(once / 2444 pages)
n
A vantage is a really good place from which to survey a scene. You might find that the roof of the house offers an excellent vantage from which to drop water balloons on your kid brother’s head.
Vantage is a variation of advantage, but when we use vantage we’re almost always talking about a position, not just general superiority. If you had extra tutoring for a big exam, you would have the advantage over a classmate who didn’t. But if your seat for the test allowed you to see the answer sheet lying on the desk, well then you would have a superior vantage — not that you would take advantage of that, of course!
WORD FAMILY
vantage: vantages
USAGE EXAMPLES
State officials closed Interstate 90 on Sunday night between Kittitas and Vantage and planned to keep the freeway closed through the night.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From this vantage point, you’ll get whiplash as you turn right and left to see the eye-popping murals painted on the sides of high-rise buildings.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Verdict: Easily the most touristy of the three, and yet the most rewarding because of the vantage point.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 优势，有利地位
分布：优势(79%)，有利情况(21%)
n. 优势；有利情况
 - superiority, advantage, edge, dominance, predominance

Word: whammy
Front: whammy
[ˈwæmi] (22678/35559)
Back: n. 晦气，剧烈的打击
分布：晦气(67%)，剧烈的打击(33%)
→来自wham,击，打，砰的声音，引申义晦气的。同时见短语double whammy,来自儿童漫画，“shoot a whammy”就是给某人下咒，double whammy就是下两个咒。
['wæm.i] US old-fashioned informal
noun countable
■a magical spell or power that causes someone to have a difficult or unpleasant time 晦气，霉运（指给他人带来霉运和不快的不祥力量）
• He put the whammy on me. 他带给我一身晦气。
n. 晦气；剧烈的打击
 - mishap

Word: anaemia
Front: anaemia
[ə'ni:mɪə] (35637/10851 -1)
Back: n. [医}贫血，贫血症; 无活力; 脸色苍白
分布：名词(100%)
(mainly US anemia) [ə'ni:.mi.ə] noun uncountable
■a medical condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood 贫血（症）
• The main symptoms of anaemia are tiredness and pallor. 贫血的主要症状是浑身乏力、脸色苍白。
n. 贫血（症）；无活力；脸色苍白
 - anemia, sickle cell disease

Word: anglophone
Front: anglophone
['æŋɡləʊ.fəʊn] (31874/44282)
Back: n. 讲英语的人
分布：说英语的(100%)
US [-glə.foʊn] specialized
noun countable
■a person who speaks English, especially in countries where other languages are also spoken （尤指在数种语言并用的国家里）讲英语的人

Word: bantam
Front: bantam
[ˈbæntəm] (29507/36862)
Back: n. 矮脚鸡; 矮小而好斗的人
分布：矮脚鸡(58%)，好斗的(17%)，矮小的(17%)，矮小好斗者(8%)
→来自印度尼西亚爪哇岛地名Bantam, 盛产该矮脚鸡，非常好斗。
US [-tˌəm] noun countable
■a small breed of chicken 矮脚鸡
adj. 短小精悍的；有攻击性的
 - dapper

Word: befuddle
Front: befuddle
[bɪ'fʌdl] (托宝 30845/48433)
Vocabulary: befuddle
(once / 11622 pages)
v
To befuddle is to confuse. A sticky exam question can befuddle you, or an awkward question about your whereabouts the night before (how can you remember? You were befuddled, after all.)
In sixteenth century Britain a popular thing to do (about the only thing to do) after the hogs had been fed and the chickens put away for the night was fuddle — in other words get pretty drunk. Befuddled was simply the confused state too many pots of mead put your poor brain in, and that's still its basic meaning today. Nowadays, befuddle has a more general meaning of confusion and uncertainty not necessarily caused by too much booze.
WORD FAMILY
befuddle: befuddled, befuddlement, befuddles, befuddling+/befuddlement: befuddlements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Are there any heroes anymore, even the tainted, befuddled kind?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Hoggett uses his befuddling Christmas present, a fax machine, to enter Babe into the national sheepdog trials.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Vance, “The Hillbilly Elegy”: Liberals befuddled by Trump’s victory turned to Vance’s memoir about his relatives in rural Kentucky and Ohio’s rust belt.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烂醉; 使迷惑不解
时态：befuddled, befuddling, befuddles
分布：使昏迷(46%)，使迷惑(36%)，使烂醉(18%)
vt. 使迷惑；使昏沉
 - bemuddle, enchant

Word: cadmium
Front: cadmium
[ˈkædmiəm] (13159/25171)
Back: n. 镉
分布：镉(100%)
→因在希腊Cadmean发现而以其命名的金属元素，该地名来自于希腊神话人物Cadmus。
noun uncountable
■a soft bluish white metallic element （金属元素）镉
n. [化学] 镉（元素符号Cd）
 - cadimium

Word: berber

Word: cafe
Front: cafe
[ˈkæfeɪ] (研四六雅 5837/5986 -2)
Vocabulary: cafe
(once / 1302 pages)
n
A cafe is a coffee shop, or a small restaurant where coffee is served. Your neighborhood cafe might be a good place to get a piece of pie and a cup of coffee.
You could stop by a cafe for lunch, or just grab a coffee and a muffin to go. You can also call a cafe a "coffeehouse" or "coffee shop," and while the word is similar to cafeteria — and the two share a root word — a cafeteria tends to be a buffet-style restaurant or dining hall. Cafe comes from the French café, which means both "coffee" and "coffeehouse."
WORD FAMILY
cafe: cafes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our first thought was to be a 24-hour bookstore/bar/cafe, but we scaled that back a bit.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Garratt taught international trade and management at a local university while her husband ran the cafe, organizing weekly “English Corner” language exchanges.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Back then, it was like the corner drug store or cafe,” Koppes said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 咖啡馆，小餐厅
分布：咖啡馆(87%)，小餐馆(13%)
→词源同coffee.
n.咖啡馆,(小)餐馆Shall we have a rest in the cafe?我们在咖啡厅里休息一会好吗?
cafeteria, cafe, restaurant
这组词都有“饭店、餐馆”的意思，其区别是：
cafeteria: 指顾客自取食品到餐桌就餐的餐馆。
cafe: 源于法语，指可供茶、咖啡等饮料和小食品的饮食店。
restaurant: 最常用词，指有各种规格、营业时间固定、供应不同风味菜肴和饮料的食店或大餐厅。
n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆
 - coffee bar, divan

Word: chivvy
Front: chivvy
[ˈtʃɪvi] (-/34646)
Back: v. （使）烦扰，耍花招
时态：chivvied, chivvying, chivvies
分布：催促(45%)，骚扰(11%)，追赶(11%)，调遣(11%)，捕猎(11%)，=chivy.(11%)
→来自15世纪的一首民谣Ballad of Chevy Chase，反映的是英格兰和苏格兰的一场最终演变成战争的打猎活动。地名Chevy词义也发生了变化。
['tʃɪv.i] UK informal
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to encourage someone to do something they do not want to do 催促；强求
• He kept putting off writing the report so I had to chivvy him along. 他总是拖延着不写报告，所以我必须催着他。
• I had to chivvy him into writing the report. 我必须催着他写报告。
vt. 使烦扰；耍花招（等于chivy）
 - be obsessed by, pull a stunt

Word: cracker
Front: cracker
[ˈkrækə(r)] (7634/12292 -1)
Vocabulary: cracker
(once / 1481 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
A cracker is a snack. It’s a thin, savory, crisp biscuit, like a saltine. It’s also anything that cracks, like a firecracker or a computer code cracker, or of course, that thin, savory snack that cracks when you break it.
Besides a baked wafer, another kind of cracker is a noisemaker — either a small firework that makes a sharp bang, or the kind that snaps loudly when you pull its colorful paper wrapper apart. Cracker can also be used as an offensive term for a white person, particularly one who's Southern and poor. This meaning comes from the sense of crack as "brag," and a cracker, therefore, as a "bragger."
WORD FAMILY
cracker: crackers+/ crack: cracked, cracker, cracking, crackingly, cracks/cracked: crackeder, crackedest/cracking: crackings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Smith said the word “cracker” was found spray-painted in two places in the home.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
To serve, spoon candied jalapeños on top of cream cheese and serve with crackers.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
He cited the four successive proxy contests at Cracker Barrel.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 薄脆饼干; 爆竹; 迷人的姑娘; 解密高手
分布：爆竹(37%)，黑客(26%)，薄脆饼干(17%)，迷人的女子(8%)，发出爆裂声的东西(4%)，裂化设备(4%)，佛罗里达州和乔治亚州当地居民的别名(4%)
→来自crack,破裂，清脆声。
US [-ɚ] noun
FOOD 食品
countable
■a thin flat crisp (= hard enough to break) biscuit, especially one eaten with cheese （尤指与起司一起食用的）薄脆饼干
UK ['kræk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
DEVICE 小玩意
countable UK (Australian usually bonbon)
■a paper tube with small toys, small pieces of sweet food, etc. inside, which is covered with bright paper and makes a short sharp sound when both ends are pulled 彩包爆竹，彩色拉炮（装有小玩具、糖果等的彩纸筒，两端一拉会劈啪作响）
• Who wants to pull a cracker with me? 谁想跟我一起拉彩炮？
• a Christmas cracker 圣诞彩包爆竹
UK ['kræk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
GOOD THING 好东西
only singular UK informal
■a person or thing that is very good or has a special exciting quality 出色的人（或物），顶呱呱的人（或物）
• She's written five books, and every one a cracker. 她写了五本书，每本都很棒。
n. 爆竹；饼干；胡桃钳；解密高手
 - petard, cookie

Word: circumspect
Front: circumspect
[ˈsɜ:kəmspekt] (托 20608/20116)
Vocabulary: circumspect
(once / 4243 pages)
adj
If you are circumspect, you think carefully before doing or saying anything. A good quality in someone entrusted with responsibility, though sometimes boring in a friend.
The word circumspect was borrowed from Latin circumspectus, from circumspicere "to be cautious." The basic meaning of Latin circumspicere is "to look around." Near synonyms are prudent and cautious, though circumspect implies a careful consideration of all circumstances and a desire to avoid mistakes and bad consequences.
WORD FAMILY
circumspect: circumspectly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although some lauded Roma as a threat to the Old Lady’s crown, others were circumspect.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
During the election campaign, Yellen was circumspect about further interest rate rises, fearing that any green shoots would wither and die.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Dippolito, seeming uncomfortable with the question, appears to urge Jean to be more circumspect.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 谨慎小心的，周到的
分布：慎重的(60%)，细心的(40%)
→circum-,圈，周围，-spect,看，见respect,spectator.
小心谨慎的(circum+stance站→站在周围→环境)[circum-表示"环绕,周围"]
慎重的(circum周围+spect→看周围→小心的)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
【记】circum圆，spect看：向周围看－左顾右盼的感觉－审慎的
【反】audacious（adj 大胆的）；reckless（adj 不管后果的）；rash（adj 鲁莽的）－circumspective（adj 谨慎的）
US ['sɝ:-] formal
adjective
■careful not to take risks 小心的；谨慎的；审慎的
• Officials were circumspect about what the talks had achieved. 官员们对谈判所取得的成果持谨慎态度。
adj. 细心的，周到的；慎重的
 - measured, scrupulous

Word: cower
Front: cower
[ˈkaʊə(r)] (托宝 14810/16018)
Vocabulary: cower
(once / 367 pages)
v
To cower is to shrink in fear. Whether they live in the country or city, any mouse will cower when a huge, hungry cat approaches.
When you cower, you're not just afraid. You're so terrified that your whole body cringes, crouches, and shrinks in on itself to hide from the source of your fear. Victims of a school bully cower whenever he comes near. They're in no rush to have their lunch money stolen again, or to get another wedgie, so they cower to avoid being seen. Although a coward might cower in fear, the two words aren't related.
WORD FAMILY
cower: coward, cowered, cowering, cowers+/ coward: cowardly, cowards/ cowardly: cowardliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Palace are cowering near the foot of this division, a team praying for the opening of the transfer window.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
I am thinking of people cowering in basements and struggling with whether they flee from their city now, or wait.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
“Understand this,” Mr. Hamdo, who said his wife and small daughter were cowering in their apartment with him, wrote on Twitter.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vi. 畏缩，抖缩
时态：cowered, cowering, cowers
分布：畏缩(47%)，退缩(39%)，抖缩(14%)
→来自低地德语kuren, 躺下，特指因恐惧躺倒，蜷缩，最终词源不详，可能来自sker, 弯，转，词源同curve,crumple. 其拼写比较tower,turret（炮塔，塔楼）。cow, coward, cower三词在拼写上可能存在相互影响，但是在词源上没有任何联系。
【反】brazenly confront（悍然面对）；bristle（v 发怒）
US ['kaʊ.ɚ] verb intransitive
■to lower your head or body in fear, often while moving backwards 蜷缩；退缩；畏缩
• Stop cowering! I'm not going to hit you. 别往后缩了！我不会打你的。
vi. 退缩；抖缩；蜷缩；弯腰屈膝
 - shy away from, hold back

Word: christendom

Word: deceleration
Front: deceleration
[ˌdi:selə'reɪʃn] (23140/26519)
Vocabulary: deceleration
(once / 39663 pages)
n
Deceleration is a slowing down: the unexpected deceleration of your car might mean that you've run out of gas.
Use the noun deceleration when you talk about a gradual decrease in speed. When you're on a Ferris wheel, its deceleration tells you that the ride is almost over, and the deceleration of a train at a railroad crossing happens for safety reasons. The opposite of deceleration is acceleration, or speeding up. The word deceleration was originally an 1890's railroad term, constructed by adding de, or "the opposite of" to acceleration.
WORD FAMILY
deceleration: decelerations+/ decelerate: decelerated, decelerates, decelerating, deceleration
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regardless of what Trump does, he said, Lennox expects a deceleration of new regulations.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The error introduced by Earth’s deceleration is cumulative.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
He called the action Newman described — acceleration to deceleration to reacceleration — the most stressful on a player’s body outside of collisions.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 减速
分布：减速(91%)，制动(9%)
n. [力] 减速
 - slowdown, reduced speed, speed-down

Word: danube
Front: danube
[ˈdænju:b] (-/16369)
Back: n. 多瑙河（欧洲南部河流）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: distiller
Front: distiller
[dɪˈstɪlə(r)] (27892/16915)
Back: n. 蒸馏酒者，蒸馏器
分布：蒸馏器(70%)，制酒者(23%)，蒸馏酒制造商(7%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person or a company that makes strong alcoholic drinks by the process of distilling 烈酒生产者，烈酒生产商
n. [化工] 蒸馏器；蒸馏酒者
 - limbeck, distillation apparatus

Word: dynamo
Front: dynamo
[ˈdaɪnəməʊ] (六宝 20306/20567 -1)
Vocabulary: dynamo
(once / 3067 pages)
n
A dynamo creates energy. It’s short for "dynamoelectric machine," which is a generator that cranks out electric currents. If someone calls you a dynamo, don’t get mad, it just means you’re energetic.
The word dynamo comes from the Greek dynamis for "power." Boom! It’s like dynamite! The inventor of the dynamo-electric machine knew that when he named the device that turns mechanical power into electric current. Dynamos have been used to make power since the 1800’s. Since dynamo is such a snappy name, it’s often used to describe high-energy people, too. Is your room a disaster? Call an organizing dynamo to help you clean it up.
WORD FAMILY
dynamo: dynamos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Too bad he is still on loan from Dynamo Kiev.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Bruin appeared in 31 MLS matches last season for the Dynamo, but was limited to four goals and three assists.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Sounders bolstered their offense on Friday with the acquisition of Will Bruin from the Houston Dynamo.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 精力充沛的人; [物]发电机
分布：名词(100%)
精力充沛之人;发电机(dynam+o表名词)[dyn,dynam=power,表示"力量"]
发电机(dynam力量)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
US [-moʊ] (plural dynamos)
noun countable
■a device which changes energy of movement into electrical energy 发电机
• A dynamo on a bicycle will power a pair of lights while the wheels are going round. 脚踏车发电机在车轮转动时可为两盏灯提供电力。
countable usually singular
■an energetic force 动力，精力
• Onstage she is a human dynamo, spending the hour in perpetual motion. 她在舞台上总是那么精力充沛，一刻也闲不着。
n. [电] 发电机；精力充沛的人
 - electrical machine, electric generator

Word: detritus
Front: detritus
[dɪˈtraɪtəs] (宝 18523/20655)
Vocabulary: detritus
(once / 12641 pages)
n
There aren't many things more depressing than walking on a beautiful beach and discovering a stretch of it that's covered in detritus. Detritus means trash or debris.
Usually, detritus refers to waste or junk of some kind, but it can actually mean any accumulation of material, not only man-made stuff. Loose gravel, silt, and sand can all be called detritus, and so can decomposed organic matter, like piles of dead leaves. The Latin word detritus literally means "a wearing away."
WORD FAMILY
detritus
USAGE EXAMPLES
I ain’t spending 1 January dealing with baking sheet detritus.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“She captivates when she does nothing. She captivates when she scurries offstage, leaving her audience staring at the detritus of a solo.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
This historical detritus is glued into painstaking collages, though her organizational principles always remain somewhat opaque.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （侵蚀形成的）岩屑; 碎石; 瓦砾; 风化物
分布：碎屑(61%)，碎石(39%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-trit, 转，磨，词源同turn, attrition. 即磨下来的碎屑。
【记】de下，trit摩：摩下来的东西－碎屑
【参】contrite（adj 深感懊悔的）摩擦心灵
【反】valuable product（有价值的产品）
US [-tˌəs] noun uncountable formal
■waste material or rubbish, especially that left after a particular event （尤指某项活动后留下的）废弃物，垃圾
• The stadium was littered with the detritus of yesterday's rock concert. 体育馆里到处都是昨天举行摇滚音乐会后留下的垃圾。
specialized
■a loose mass of decaying material 风化物；岩屑
n. 碎石， [地质] 岩屑
 - rubble, crushed stone

Word: enchant
Front: enchant
[ɪnˈtʃɑ:nt] (六托宝 17449/19493 -1)
Vocabulary: enchant
(once / 303 pages)
v
To enchant is to cast a spell over someone, like a witch might do. It also means to attract or catch someone's attention in a less mystical way.
Enchanting has a few meanings, but they all involve seduction. A witch or warlock enchants people they wish to influence through magic spells. A real person enchants in different ways: through jokes, good looks, and charisma. Not only people, but also engrossing songs or shows can be said "to enchant."
WORD FAMILY
enchant: disenchant, enchanted, enchanter, enchanting, enchantment, enchants+/disenchant: disenchanted, disenchanting, disenchantment, disenchants/ disenchanted: disenchantedly/ disenchantment: disenchantments/ enchanted: enchantedly/enchanter: enchanters/ enchanting: enchantingly/ enchantment: enchantments
USAGE EXAMPLES
We visited several of these parks throughout our stay, further crystallizing my memories of these enchanted forests.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It was an enchanting way to launch the rest of the school day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
I was enchanted, and talked about it with such wonder at home later that we visited again as a family.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 使心醉，使迷惑; 用魔法迷惑
时态：enchanted, enchanting, enchants
分布：使陶醉(43%)，施魔法(26%)，使迷惑(21%)，使喜悦(10%)
→en-, 进入，使。-chant, 唱歌，念咒，词源同incantation.
使迷醉(en+chant咒语→被咒语所迷醉)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
【参】enchantment（n 迷惑；魅力）；enchanting（adj 迷人的；妩媚的）
US [-'tʃænt] verb transitive
PLEASE 取悦
■to attract or please someone very much 使陶醉；使入迷
• The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance. 观众显然陶醉于她的演出中。
UK [ɪn'tʃɑ:nt] US [-'tʃænt] verb transitive
MAGIC 魔法
■to have a magical effect on someone or something 对…施魔法
attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt
这些动词均含有“吸引，引诱”之意。
attract: 普通用词，指客观上吸引人的注意力。
charm: 侧重迷住某人或使之高兴。
enchant: 着重指有能力引起被迷住者的欢乐或赞美。
fascinate: 通常含使人无法拒绝、无法摆脱的意味。
tempt: 指吸引力很强，强调欲望被唤醒。
vt. 使迷惑；施魔法
 - bemuddle, bewilder

Word: enamour

Word: enquiry
Front: enquiry
[ɪn'kwaɪərɪ] (高雅 24159/2472 -K)
Vocabulary: enquiry
(once / 1188 pages)
n
The noun enquiry is a British spelling of the word "inquiry." Both words mean the act of asking questions to gain information. If you are in London, you can make enquiries about the opening times of the many museums there.
Although enquiry is now considered the variant spelling in the United States, it was the original English spelling of the word that comes from the Old French word enquerre. The noun also means a systematic investigation, usually undertaken for the benefit of the public. If you discover pollution in your local river, the government may open an enquiry into the source of the pollution and ways to clean it up.
WORD FAMILY
enquiry: enquiries+/ enquire: enquired, enquirer, enquires, enquiring, enquiry /enquirer: enquirers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both drivers were assisting with enquiries, the force added.
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Enquiries from potential new buyers also recorded an increase in the Rics survey.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
They report more frequently than Chinese students that they value scientific approaches to enquiry and adopt a questioning approach.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 询问; 调查; 查询; 问讯处
分布：名词(100%)
US ['ɪn.kwə.ri] UK
noun countable or uncountable
■ inquiry 询问，打听
n. [计] 询问， [贸易] 询盘
 - question, quaere

Word: expedite
Front: expedite
[ˈekspədaɪt] (托 18829/21591)
Vocabulary: expedite
(once / 4954 pages)
v
To expedite something is to make it go faster or speed up the process. Expediting that package might get it to Alaska by tomorrow, instead of next Tuesday.
If someone says, "Let me expedite the process," that's probably a good thing: they're offering to speed things up. If you've ever waited in line a long time, then you must have wished someone could expedite things. A driver can expedite his commute by going in the faster car-pool lane. Whenever there's a lot of paperwork for something, it's nice to know someone who can expedite the process. When you see the word expedite, think "Make faster!"
WORD FAMILY
expedite: expedited, expedites, expediting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The FDA granted it “breakthrough therapy” status to open lines of communication with the company and expedite the vaccine’s development and review.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Those files need to be expedited to me,” Ms. Meckley told her associates.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It would be approved on an “expedited basis” within 24 hours, he replied, and he asked which credit card I would like to use.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 加快进展; 迅速完成
时态：expedited, expediting, expedites
分布：加快(73%)，加速(23%)，有助于(4%)
→ex-, 向外。-ped, 脚，脚镣，词源同foot, impede. 即解脱脚镣的束缚，加快速度，或来自比喻义，解脱脚的束缚，飞起来。
加快,促进(ex出+ped+ite→把脚跨出去→加快)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
加速,促进(ex出+ped脚+ite)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
【记】ex出，ped脚－把脚迈出去－加速
【反】retard（vt 延迟；使减速；阻碍）
['ek.spə.daɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause to be done more quickly; to hurry 迅速完成；促进；加快
• Something needs to be done to expedite the process. 需要采取措施以加快进度。
vt. 加快；促进；发出
 - facilitate, promote, boost, further
adj. 畅通的；迅速的；方便的
 - convenient, rapid, fast, forward, ready

Word: fantastical
Front: fantastical
[fæn'tæstɪkl] (23152/32746)
Back: adj. 空想的，捕风捉影的
分布：奇异的(43%)，幻想的(25%)，=fantastic.(16%)，极好的(16%)
adj. 空想的；捕风捉影的
 - romantic, fancied

Word: foolproof
Front: foolproof
[ˈfu:lpru:f] (宝 18375/21607)
Vocabulary: foolproof
(once / 25364 pages)
adjv
When something is bound to work out, you can call it foolproof. Your foolproof plan for having a great summer might involve spending lots of time at the beach.
If your dog tends to wander and can also jump six feet in the air, a foolproof plan for keeping her in your yard might involve an eight foot fence. You can also use foolproof as a verb: "I'm going to foolproof the instructions for heating up your dinner, so that no one sets the stove on fire this time." Foolproof is an early twentieth century American English word that combines fool, or "silly person" and proof, "resistant."
WORD FAMILY
foolproof
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, the courier system Trump suggests is hardly foolproof, either.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Although no foolproof test exists, Taubes insists that if sugar were absent in our diet, we’d see far less occurrence of these related diseases.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But for works created by Ailey himself, tattoo coverage is mandatory, and the fabric sleeve is not foolproof.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. （方法、计划、系统等设计得）万无一失的，肯定成功的
分布：极简单的(32%)，不会错的(30%)，傻瓜式的(23%)，可靠而操作简便的(15%)
→fool, 傻瓜。-proof, 防止，词源同waterproof, fireproof.
错不了的(fool笨蛋)[-proof表形容词"防…的"]
【记】fool，proof（n 证据adj 防…的vt 检验）－防傻瓜的
【参】fool's errand（n 徒劳无功的工作）
adjective
■(of a plan or machine) so simple and easy to understand that it is unable to go wrong or be used wrongly （计划或机器）连傻子都懂的，操作简便的，万无一失的
• I don't believe there's any such thing as a foolproof scheme for making money. 我认为不存在任何轻而易举的赚钱方法。
• This new video-recorder is supposed to be foolproof. 这台新的录影机应该是傻瓜型的。
adj. 十分简单的；十分安全的；不会错的
 - inerrable

Word: handpicked

Word: gibe
Front: gibe
[dʒaɪb] (托宝 32913/37199)
Vocabulary: gibe
(once / 3472 pages)
1vn 2v
"Loser! Bonehead!" the kids shouted, tossing those words and other gibes at the people who offered themselves up to the annual humiliation of the harvest-fest dunk-tank. A gibe is an insulting comment. To gibe is to insult.
Gibe can be a noun or a verb, but it’s usually a noun meaning an insult, a dis, something to be hurled at enemies, bad drivers, or ex-boyfriends. Gibe is sometimes spelled jibe, but that word has a different meaning and is usually a verb. Keep the g in gibe when referring to the mean words you utter at people who have done you wrong.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gibe / jibe
To gibe is to sneer or heckle, but to jibe is to agree. Funny thing is, though, jibe is an alternate spelling of gibe, so surprise! People get them mixed up.
A gibe is a pointy comment, an insult, a verbal thump on the forehead. Despite being taunted, gibe hasn't changed in years — since the 1500s it's been a verb meaning, "to make a remark that is taunting or sarcastic." Soon after, gibe was used as a noun referring to the remark. The etymology is uncertain, though it could be borrowed from the Middle French giber, meaning to handle roughly. Here are some gibes in context:
The last sentence was spoken in taunting tones, and Slade's face showed that the gibe had gone home. (Herman Landon)
Dr. Prince walked off very triumphantly after this parting gibe. (E.M. Delafield)
Jibe is a two-headed verb:it means to agree, but it's also a nautical term meaning to shift a sail on a ship. (This nautical jibe is spelled gybe in British English). Here are some jibes agreeably appearing in sentences:
"We thought about getting married in Massachusetts, but it just didn't seem to jibe right," said Dorr. (Salon)
The drop in jobless rate doesn't jibe with recent job gains. (Wall Street Journal)
With a bit of practice, you can steer, turn, tack, and jibe a boat with just her sails. (John Jamieson)
Should you use jibe as an alternate spelling of gibe? No. Just don't gibe, or pick on,people who do, instead just jibe with them and admit it's accepted in some dictionaries.
WORD FAMILY
gibe: gibed, gibelike, gibes, gibing
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Dec. 17, Ethiopia inaugurated the Gibe III hydroelectric dam that will generate 1,870 megawatts of electricity.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
As to the crooked media, Trump’s gibes are patently ludicrous.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
To understand why, go back to the subject of Connally’s gibe: the dollar.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vi. 嘲笑，嘲弄
n. 嘲讽; 嘲弄; 讥讽
时态：gibed, gibing, gibes
分布：嘲笑(55%)，讥笑(23%)，嘲讽话(17%)，=jibe.(5%)
【记】也写作jibe（vi 嘲笑；与…一致vt 嘲笑n 嘲笑）多一个意思“与…一致”要记住该词巨好记，但是只可意会，不可言传
noun countable verb intransitive
■ jibe
vt. 嘲笑；愚弄
 - laugh at, make a mockery of
vi. 嘲笑；嘲弄
 - jeer at, laugh at

Word: fretful
Front: fretful
[ˈfretfl] (27793/24953)
Vocabulary: fretful
(once / 2058 pages)
1adj 2adj
Someone who's fretful can't relax. You might be fretful — upset and fidgety — if you're waiting to hear whether or not you've been accepted into a competitive summer music program.
You may be fretful because you're worried about a friend, you're waiting for news, you're incredibly irritated with your little brother, or simply because you're an anxious and restless person. The word at the heart of fretful is fret, a verb meaning "worry" which is rooted in the Old English fretan, "to eat or devour." From this, fret grew to mean "being eaten away by worry."
WORD FAMILY
fretful: fretfully, fretfulness+/ fret: fretful, frets, fretted, fretting/fretfulness: fretfulnesss/fretted: unfretted
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wide pupils were focused on the stair railing to my right, and fretful ears were fixed on the copper hinges on my parent’s bedroom door.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
IN HER role as agony aunt and columnist, Lucy Kellaway lectures fretful Financial Times readers on how to behave at work.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
But each time he repeated these second-hand assurances, it triggered fretful questions among Nato officials about why Trump was not saying these soothing words himself.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 烦躁不安的
分布：烦燥的(67%)，焦燥的(33%)
→来自fret, 焦虑。
adjective
■behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy, worried or uncomfortable 烦躁的；不安的；不高兴的
• By midnight the children were tired and fretful (= complaining a lot because they were unhappy). 到了半夜，孩子们既疲倦又烦躁不安。
adj. 焦躁的；烦燥的；起波纹的
 - impatient, ruffly

Word: godless
Front: godless
[ˈgɒdləs] (22201/34452)
Vocabulary: godless
(once / 3778 pages)
adj
Someone who doesn't believe in any god is godless. Your religious grandmother might refer to your atheist uncle as godless.
While the adjective godless literally means just "not revering a god," it's most often used by religious people or groups to criticize those who don't show the proper respect to God or religion, or those who are unbelievers. When a group is described as a "godless society," it's usually an observation of a perceived lack of morality or law, coming from the idea that people who believe in God are better, more moral citizens.
WORD FAMILY
godless: godlessly, godlessness+/ god: godless, godlike, gods
USAGE EXAMPLES
The modern gallery of the Vatican Museums proudly displays a grotesque painting of a suffering pope by the defiantly godless painter Francis Bacon.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
In other words: He’s just like every other godless sinner living and working in Hollywood.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Religious families, and the need for community in a godless world.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不信神的，不敬神的，无神论者的
分布：不信神的(49%)，无神论者的(29%)，不敬神的(22%)
US ['gɑ:d-] adjective
■not having or believing in God or gods 不信神的；无宗教信仰的；无神的
• a godless society 一个无宗教信仰的社会
■bad or evil 罪恶的，邪恶的
adj. 不信神的，无神论者的；不敬神的
 - atheistical, antireligious

Word: honeybee
Front: honeybee
[ˈhʌnibi:] (21596/-)
Back: n. 蜜蜂
分布：蜜蜂(100%)
noun countable
■a type of bee which lives with others in a hive and makes honey 蜜蜂
n. [蜂] 蜜蜂
 - bee

Word: holden

Word: hopper
Front: hopper
[ˈhɒpə(r)] (15402/16759)
Vocabulary: hopper
(once / 2001 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
A hopper is a funnel-shaped device used to move material from one receptacle to another.
This type of hopper has nothing to do with hopping or jumping: it's a device — the kind you're most likely to see in a chemistry lab — for moving substances from one container to another. If you need to pour a large beaker of liquid into a tiny test tube, the hopper lets you move the liquid without spilling. Solid, grain-like substances could also be moved using a hopper. Many factories will have hoppers as part of their machinery too.
WORD FAMILY
hopper: hoppers+/ hop: hopped, hopper, hopping, hops
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like his mother, Mills became a parent late in life, and his son, Hopper, spent time in the neonatal ward.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Hopper’s background was in commercial illustration, an occupation that he loathed and that he successfully escaped.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Fletcher, a gruffly masculine presence, resembled a David Mamet salesman trapped in an Edward Hopper painting.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 漏斗; 单足跳者; 跳虫; 储料器
分布：贮煤槽(50%)，储料器(50%)
→来自hop,跳。比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:.pɚ] noun countable specialized
■a large tube, wide at one end, through which large amounts of small separate things, for example seeds, can be moved from one container to another 漏斗
n. [建] 料斗；漏斗；单足跳者；跳虫
 - ambulatory funnel, hyponome

Word: hardball
Front: hardball
[ˈhɑ:dbɔ:l] (16712/-)
Back: n. 硬式棒球
分布：硬式棒球(65%)，强硬态度(35%)
US ['hɑ:rd.bɑ:l] noun uncountable US for baseball Compare softball

Word: iberian

Word: hustings
Front: hustings
[ˈhʌstɪŋz] None
Vocabulary: hustings
(once / 9336 pages)
n
Any activities connected with a political campaign or election — speeches, debates, and so on — can be called hustings. Presidential candidates often spend more than a year on the hustings.
In the US, hustings are typically called "stumping" or "being on the stump." Hustings is more likely to be used in the UK and Canada to describe campaigning. An event at which candidates address voters or debate each other can be called hustings, and you can also say that a candidate is "on the hustings." The word comes from an Old Norse word, husðing, "council," from the roots hus, or "house," and ðing, "assembly."
WORD FAMILY
hustings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Businessman Mr Rees-Evans stormed out of a hustings meeting in Newport earlier this month claiming he had been asked not to "rock the boat".
BBC(Nov 20, 2016)
Yet Trump has compared his campaign to Brexit and even invited Farrage to join him on the hustings in August in Mississippi.
Seattle Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Introducing the first official hustings of UKIP's leadership contest, chairman Paul Oakden reflected that it had been a "challenging few weeks" for his party.
BBC(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 竞选活动
分布：名词(100%)
→来自古英语husting,会议，集会，审讯，来自古诺斯语husthing,议会，会议，hus,屋子，thing,古义集会，会议。原为古诺斯人首领集会的会议，后引申词义竞选集会，竞选活动。参照电影《驯龙记》。

Word: ignition
Front: ignition
[ɪgˈnɪʃn] (11173/12054 -1)
Vocabulary: ignition
(once / 6626 pages)
n
An ignition is the firing up of something, usually an engine. Without ignition, your vehicle isn't going anywhere.
You know how igniting is setting something on fire? That should help you remember that ignition means something is catching fire, like the gadget that ignites the fuel in an internal-combustion engine. Turning the key in a car causes ignition: now the car has started. If the car's battery is dead or there's no gas, ignition isn't possible, and the car won't start. To remember what ignition is, just say the catchphrase of the Human Torch: "Flame on!"
WORD FAMILY
ignition: ignitions+/ ignite: ignitable, ignited, igniter, ignites, ignitible, igniting, ignition, reignite /igniter: igniters/ reignite: reignited, reignites, reigniting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Strengthening Iowa’s ignition interlock laws, which are among the weakest in the nation, according to Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Scott says equipping ignition interlock devices with GPS is “overreach” and may be unconstitutional.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
An early review pointed to some kitchen appliances possibly being an ignition point, but that report is still in its early stages.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （汽油引擎的）发火装置; 着火，燃烧; 点火，点燃
分布：点火(96%)，点火器(4%)
→来自ignite,点火。
noun
countable usually singular
■the electrical system in an engine that causes the fuel to burn or explode in order to start the engine 点火装置，点火器
• Switch/Turn the ignition on. 打开点火开关。
• an ignition key 点火开关
uncountable formal
■the act or process of something starting to burn 着火；燃烧
n. [动力] 点火，点燃； [热] 着火，燃烧；点火开关，点火装置
 - combustion, burning, fires, inflammation

Word: identifiable
Front: identifiable
[aɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbl] (托 10546/7742 -1)
Vocabulary: identifiable
(once / 12876 pages)
adj
If something is identifiable, it means you can identify it — or know what it is. Put your name in your jacket so it is identifiable as yours.
Identifiable can also mean known — if you're trying to solve the energy crisis, you should come up with a plan that maximizes the all identifiable uses of alternative energy. If you have feelings that other can relate to, you are identifiable — people feel that they know you. If you wear a cross around your neck, that is communicating your identity — making you identifiable as a Christian.
WORD FAMILY
identifiable: identifiably, unidentifiable +/ identification: identifications/identified: unidentified/identifier: identifiers/ identify: identifiable, identification, identified, identifier, identifies, identifying, misidentify/misidentify: misidentified, misidentifying/ unidentifiable: unidentifiably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Apple, for instance, insists that any communications are tied to a random identifier, not your Apple ID or anything personally identifiable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“He was as identifiable with the NBA as any player or coach,” Bird said.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Every location is identifiable by a unique combination of just three words, allocated to 3m-by-3m squares.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 可辨认的; 可视为相同的
分布：可辨认的(100%)
US [aɪˌden.tˌə-] adjective
■able to be recognized 能被识别的
• In her bright yellow coat, she was easily identifiable in the crowd. 她穿着鲜艳的黄色外套，在人群中很容易认出。
reliable, suitable, available, identifiable
reliable: 可依靠的
suitable: 适合的
available: 可用的，可看见的
identifiable: 可识别的
assessable, incredible, negligible, identifiable
assessable: 可估价的，可征收的
incredible: 难以置信的，惊人的
negligible: 可以忽略的，不予重视的
identifiable: 可以确定的
adj. 可辨认的；可认明的；可证明是同一的
 - recognizable

Word: interchangeable
Front: interchangeable
[ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbl] (宝 14996/14856 -1)
Vocabulary: interchangeable
(once / 6900 pages)
adj
Things that are interchangeable can replace each other easily. Interchangeable objects or people can be substituted, and no one would know the difference.
Some things cannot be switched: if you replace spoons with forks, people are going to have trouble eating soup. Other things are interchangeable: if you switch them, nothing will be lost. Gadgets that are interchangeable can be substituted easily: they're exchangeable or standardized. If two workers are interchangeable, they could do each other's jobs. Two interchangeable words mean almost the exact same thing and could be used in the same way. Interchangeable things are versatile, useful — and, most importantly — "switchable."
WORD FAMILY
interchangeable: interchangeability, interchangeableness, interchangeably, noninterchangeable+/ change: changeable, changed, changeful, changeless, changer, changes, changing, counterchange, interchange /changeable: changeability, changeableness, changeablest, changeably, unchangeable/changed: unchanged/changeful: changefully, changefulness/changeless: changelessly, changelessness/changer: changers/ changing: changingly, unchanging/counterchange: counterchanged, counterchanges, counterchanging/ interchange: interchangeable, interchanged, interchanges, interchanging/unchangeable: unchangeability, unchangeableness, unchangeably/unchanged: unchangedly/unchanging: unchangingly, unchangingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a warm hiking boot with cleats, Anchorage stores offer Korkers, boots with interchangeable outer soles.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
For many employers, contingent—or “gig economy”—workers are interchangeable and disposable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
During Obama’s first presidential run, however, the story did not just strengthen the message — it became interchangeable with it.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 可交换的; 可交替的; 可互换的
分布：可互换的(100%)
可互换的(inter+changeable可改变的)[inter-表示"在…之间,相互"]
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■able to be exchanged with each other without making any difference or without being noticed 可互换的，可交替的
• interchangeable parts 可相互替换的零件
• The terms 'drinking problem' and 'alcohol abuse' are often interchangeable. drinking problem 和 alcohol abuse 两个术语往往可以互换使用。
adj. [计] 可互换的；可交换的；可交替的
 - exchangeable, swappable

Word: inkling
Front: inkling
[ˈɪŋklɪŋ] (托宝 15544/14460)
Vocabulary: inkling
(once / 3491 pages)
n
Is someone yapping on and on and you only have the vaguest idea of what they're talking about? Then you understood just an inkling — a glimmer, a fraction — of what they were saying.
Inkling can also mean a sly suggestion or faint implication. If someone drops a hint you're not wanted they've given you an inkling you're not wanted. The word comes from the medieval English word inclen, which suitably enough means "to utter in an undertone." In other words, what's really being said is in between the lines of what's actually being said on the surface. By now you've probably got the inkling that inklings can be sneaky things.
WORD FAMILY
inkling: inklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is frightening, but there are inklings of a growing and more organized resistance movement led by students, teachers and parents.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
“I didn’t move to Nashville with any inkling or dreams of getting a record deal,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Few, if any, might have any inkling that just below them lies a world-class repository of research materials in a concrete-encased, climate-controlled book vault.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 想法，暗示，迹象
分布：暗示(59%)，略知(41%)
→词源不详，可能来自古英语inca,怀疑，疑虑。
【记】ink（n 墨水），ling小：小墨水－如果在你的本子上总能发现小墨水，就会暗示你是一个粗心大意的人。
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■when you think that something is true or likely to happen, although you are not certain 略知；模糊的印象
• [+ that] I didn't have the slightest inkling that she was unhappy. 我根本不知道她不高兴。
• He must have had some inkling of what was happening. 他当时对发生的事一定有所了解。
n. 暗示；略知；模糊概念
 - connotation, reminder, implication, allusion
v. 暗示 （inkle的ing形式）；略知；低声说出
 - smattering

Word: insuperable
Front: insuperable
[ɪnˈsu:pərəbl] (宝 31686/20790)
Vocabulary: insuperable
(once / 3695 pages)
adj
Perhaps if you are a superhero, you can tackle an insuperable problem — one that is considered impossible to overcome.
Insuperable is an adjective that is often paired with nouns like difficulty, obstacle, and barrier. An insuperable difficulty is not just difficult; it’s impossible. And an insuperable obstacle is not like a hurdle on a running track that slows you down a little; it stops you entirely. The opposite of insuperable is, of course, superable, though it’s less commonly used than its negative counterpart.
WORD FAMILY
insuperable: insuperably+/superable: insuperable
USAGE EXAMPLES
Skeptics say it faces insuperable hurdles, including an education system that emphasizes memorization over original thinking.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
But the obstacles facing them were many, almost insuperable: they had no rackets, no balls, no decent tennis courts, no shoes.
Mark Mathabane, Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography(1986)
I have not all my facts yet, but I do not think there are any insuperable difficulties.
Time(Oct 26, 2015)
Back: adj. 不能逾越的，不能克服的; 不可逾越
分布：不可逾越的(100%)
→in-,不，非，-super,最上面，词源同superb,superman.引申词义不能超过的，难以逾越的。
【记】super（adj 上等的；特级的；极好的）
【参】supernatural（adj 神奇的；超自然的）
US [-'su:.pɚ-] formal
adjective
■(especially of a problem) so great or severe that it cannot be defeated or dealt with successfully （尤指问题）不能克服的，不可逾越的
adj. 不能克服的；无敌的
 - invincible, unsurmountable

Word: interweave
Front: interweave
[ˌɪntəˈwi:v] (宝 16863/35631 -1)
Back: vt. 使交织; 使混杂; 织进
时态：interwove, interwoven, interweaving, interweaves
分布：使交织(58%)，使混杂(42%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，weave,编织，缠绕。
US [-tˌɚ-] (interwove, interwoven)
verb transitive
■to weave together or combine two or more things so that they cannot be separated easily 使交织；使紧密结合
• She has created an intriguing story by skillfully interweaving fictional and historical events. 她巧妙地将虚构的事件和历史事件交织在一起，创作了一个引人入胜的故事。
vt. （使）交织；织进；（使）混杂
 - raddle

Word: javanese
Front: javanese
[ˌdʒɑ:və'ni:z] (29074/45381)
Back: n. 爪哇语
adj. 爪哇的
分布：爪哇人(30%)，爪哇的(24%)，爪哇语(20%)，爪哇语的(13%)，爪哇人的(13%)

Word: jot
Front: jot
[dʒɒt] (宝 13743/15632 -1)
Vocabulary: jot
(once / 1783 pages)
1vn 2n
When you jot something, you write it quickly. You might jot down a friend's email address on the back of your grocery list.
It's most common to use the verb jot with down: "Hang on, let me jot down the appointment time." It's a good word to use when you're writing a brief note, a phone number, or a list — especially when you're doing it in a hurry. The earliest meaning of jot is "a tiny bit," which comes from the Latin word jota, an alternate spelling of the Greek iota, the smallest letter in the alphabet or the smallest amount of something.
WORD FAMILY
jot: jots, jotted, jotter, jotting+/jotter: jotters/jotting: jottings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As soon as the person hears the beep, she jots notes about what was in her mind at that moment.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
One of the Americans, John Paton Davies Jr., jotted down his impressions of the city:
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In between begging, Roughol sat in the local park jotting his recollections in notebooks, which he handed over to Debré to edit.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 匆忙记下; 略记; 摘要记载下来
n. 一点，少量; 稍许; （字母的）一点，一划
时态：jotted, jotting, jots
分布：少量(43%)，草草记下(37%)，匆匆记下(20%)
→来自希腊语iota,即字母i,在希腊字母中书写最小，引申词义快写，速记。
【记】源于：iota（n 希腊语字母第9位；极微小）
US [dʒɑ:t] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (-tt-)
■to make a quick short note of something 草草记下；匆匆记下
• Could you jot your address and phone number in my address book? 你能在我的通讯录里留下你的地址和电话吗？
UK [dʒɒt] US [dʒɑ:t] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jot sth down
■to write something quickly on a piece of paper so that you remember it 匆匆记下，草草记下
• I carry a notebook so that I can jot down any ideas. 我随身带了个笔记本，这样可以把想法随手记下来。
UK [dʒɒt] US [dʒɑ:t] noun informal
not a/one jot
■not at all or not even a small amount 一点也没有，丝毫没有
• Don't listen to her! There's not a jot of truth (= There is no truth) in what she's saying. 别听她的！她没有一句实话。
• None of the committee's proposals will matter a jot (= They will not matter) if no-one reads their report. 如果没人读委员会的报告，他们的建议就一点用也没有。
n. 少量；稍许
 - bit, driblet

Word: luminous
Front: luminous
[ˈlu:mɪnəs] (六托雅 9593/12144 -1)
Vocabulary: luminous
(once / 721 pages)
adj
Luminous means full of or giving off light. During the winter holidays, with all their emphasis on light, you can see luminous displays of candles everywhere.
This word has several figurative meanings that are related to the basic sense of something shining. For example, luminous prose is clear and easily understood. And a luminous career is bright and inspiring. The Middle English adjective is from Latin luminosus, from lumen "light."
WORD FAMILY
luminous: luminosity, luminously, luminousness, self-luminous+/ luminosity: luminosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tricia McCauley was a luminous actress, a master herbalist, a gardener, a yogi.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Dewdrop, the fleet, luminous leader of the Flowers in “George Balanchine’s The Nutcracker,” is a dream part for Tiler Peck of New York City Ballet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In the German artist Julian Rosefeldt’s latest film installation, snippets of manifestoes by 20th-century aesthetic rebels emanate from 13 large, luminous screens.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 发光的; 明亮的; 清楚的; 辉赫
分布：发光的(63%)，发亮的(18%)，清楚的(14%)，明白易懂的(5%)
→来自拉丁语lumen,光亮，光线，词源同light.
发亮的(lumin+ous)[lumin=light,表示"光"]
发光的,易懂的(lumin亮光,流明[光的单位])[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
adjective
■producing or reflecting bright light (especially in the dark) （尤指在黑暗中）发亮的，放光的；夜光的
• luminous clothing 夜光服
radiant, bright, brilliant, glowing, luminous
这组词都有“明亮的”的意思，其区别是：
radiant: 侧重光线的射击，也可指像太阳或星星一样发光的东西。
bright: 常用词，与昏暗相对应，侧重形容光线的强度，指一切自身发光明亮或反射光的事物。
brilliant: 指非常亮或亮得引人注目，多含闪耀或反光闪烁之意。
glowing: 指稳定光源发出的明亮持久的光，或燃烧最后阶段产生的红光。
luminous: 着重指发出持续稳定的亮光；可指在黑暗中的发光物。
adj. [光] 发光的；明亮的；清楚的
 - distinct, bright, liquid, clear, explicit

Word: leach
Front: leach
[li:tʃ] (14435/16809)
Vocabulary: leach
(once / 3558 pages)
vn
When minerals or other materials are pulled out of some substance by a liquid, you can say that they leach from it. A flood can leach important nutrients out of a farmer's field.
In agriculture, when farmers allow cattle to graze too much in one spot, or don't rotate their crops from field to field over the years, they risk having a heavy rain leach nutrients from the soil. Sometimes farmers will use water to deliberately leach unwanted materials, like salt, from a field. The verb leach has an Old English root word, leccan, or "to moisten, water, wet, or irrigate."
WORD FAMILY
leach: leached, leaches, leaching+/leaching: leachings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brian Leach of the Golf Center store says he’s encouraged by each signature.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Leach said Monday that he believed Falk would return for his senior season.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
After the game, Wazzu coach Mike Leach was asked about he how felt about his season.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. <术>（将化学品、矿物质等）过滤
vt. （液体）过滤，滤去
n. 过滤; 过滤器
时态：leached, leaching, leaches
分布：过滤(46%)，萃取(17%)，溶解出(13%)，=leech.(8%)，后缘(8%)，垂直帆缘(8%)
specialized
verb transitive
■to remove a substance from a material, especially from earth, by the process of water moving through the material, or to remove parts of a material using water 漂洗，过滤（尤指土壤）
• The soil has been so heavily leached through intensive farming that it is no longer fertile. 过度耕作使养分大量流失导致土地贫瘠。
n. 过滤；过滤器
 - filtration, percolation
vt. 过滤；萃取
 - filter, lauter

Word: maglev
Front: maglev
['mæglev] (31386/-)
Back: n. & adj. 磁力悬浮火车（的）
分布：磁力悬浮火车的(60%)，磁力悬浮火车(40%)

Word: mullen

Word: mughal

Word: nay
Front: nay
[neɪ] (18019/14625)
Vocabulary: nay
(once / 125 pages)
nadv
A nay is a "no" or "negative" vote. If you vote nay during your club's vote, you are voting against the proposal.
If your teacher holds a vote on whether to have a pizza party instead of a geometry quiz, it's unlikely anyone will vote nay. Long ago, the word nay was simply used as a substitute for "no," but it sounds odd today: "Nay, I don't need any ketchup with my fries." You can use it, however, to mean "this word is more appropriate," as when you say, "I'm upset, nay furious, that you forgot my birthday."
WORD FAMILY
nay: nays
USAGE EXAMPLES
A witness told police the two got into an argument in late August, when Nay was last seen alive.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
“I keep thinking of what she said to me before I left. She—” “Nay, nay, nay. ”
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
That’s not to say that naysayers will stop saying nay.
Seattle Times(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 不但如此; 而且; 否
n. 反对票，投反对票者
分布：不(56%)，而且(18%)，拒绝(8%)，反对(8%)，不但如此(8%)，投反对票(2%)
→来自古诺斯语nei,不，没有，词源同no.引申词义不仅如此，而且。
adverb
EVEN MORE 甚至更 formal
■used to introduce a second and more extreme phrase in a sentence when the first phrase was not strong enough 不仅如此，而且
• It is my pleasure, nay (my) privilege, to introduce tonight's guest speaker. 我很高兴，也很荣幸介绍今晚的特别演讲嘉宾。
[neɪ] adverb
NO 不 Northern for no
• Nay lass, don't cry. 不，姑娘，你别哭。
adv. 不；甚至；不仅如此
 - non, indeed, even
n. 拒绝；反对；投反对票的人
 - opposition, non, rejection, refusal

Word: nitty
Front: nitty
['nɪtɪ] (-/40822)
Back: adj. 多虱卵的，<口>愚蠢的，笨的
分布：多虱卵的(100%)

Word: nativist
Front: nativist
['neɪtɪvɪst] (22250/-)
Back: n. 先天论者，本土主义者
分布：先天论者(39%)，本土文化保护者(37%)，天性论的(12%)，先天论的(12%)

Word: nuptial
Front: nuptial
[ˈnʌpʃl] (宝 28089/36350)
Vocabulary: nuptial
(once / 3634 pages)
adj
You can describe something related to a wedding, or nuptials, using nuptial. You might go on a diet, getting ready for your nuptial day. After the wedding, you might experience nuptial bliss.
It’s a little-known fact that zombies fear anything nuptial. The sight of wedding cakes, bridal processions, or spousal rites makes body parts fall away. Nuptial bliss turns the remaining parts to jelly. When the Zombie Army comes marching into your hometown, your best defense is to grab the nearest single girl or guy and find a minister. Just don’t forget to sign a prenuptial agreement: you don’t want to argue later about who gets the zombie artifacts.
WORD FAMILY
nuptial: antenuptial, nuptially, postnuptial, prenuptial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then Rick showed up and, after a little – ahem! – awkwardness, Shane stepped aside and Lori and Rick renewed their nuptial arrangements.
The Guardian(Nov 14, 2016)
Here, two married couples congregate for an evening of astronomical delight and nuptial tension.
The Guardian(Sep 08, 2016)
The hope is, of course, that the nuptial bliss found on Aero will never fade.
New York Times(Jul 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 婚姻的，婚礼的
n. 婚礼
分布：婚礼(38%)，婚礼的(28%)，婚姻的(26%)，交配季节的(8%)
→词源同nubile,适婚的，婚姻的，-pt,过去分词后缀。
婚姻的;婚礼的[nupti=wedding(婚礼)]
【记】nup＝nub结婚，参：nubile（adj 适合结婚的）
['nʌp.tʃəl] formal
adjective
■belonging or relating to a marriage or the state of being married 婚姻的；已婚的
• nuptial vows/promises 结婚誓言
• the nuptial bed 婚床
adj. 婚礼的；结婚的；婚姻的
 - married, marital
n. 婚礼
 - wedding, matrimony

Word: organization
Front: organization
[ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn] (高研四六雅 595/1079 -K4)
Vocabulary: organization
(once / 106 pages)
1n 2n
An organization is a group of people who work together, like a neighborhood association, a charity, a union, or a corporation.
Organization is also the act of forming or establishing something (like an organization). It can also refer to a system of arrangement or order, or a structure for classifying things. Strangely enough, this word derives from the Old French, in which organize referred to your internal organs, your liver, heart, and so on. This verb originally meant giving an organic structure to something: understanding the function some part of the larger whole is supposed to fulfill, and making that happen.
WORD FAMILY
organization: organizational, organizations, self-organization+/ disorganization: disorganizations/disorganize: disorganization, disorganized, disorganizes, disorganizing/organizational: organizationally/ organize: disorganize, organization, organized, organizer, organizes, organizing, reorganize / organized: unorganized/organizer: organizers/ reorganization: reorganizations/ reorganize: reorganization, reorganized, reorganizes, reorganizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Trump Organization and his transition team did not respond to AP requests for comment.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Jewish Student Union’s website says it is the largest cultural and social organization recognized and sponsored by the university.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
MBN Director John Dowdy said in the last year, 11 drug trafficking organizations were dismantled or severely disabled by investigations done by the bureau.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: n. 组织; 机构; 团体
adj. 有组织的
分布：组织(81%)，机构(18%)，有组织的(1%)
→来自organize,组织，安排。引申词义机构。
组织(organ器官,组织)[-ization表名词,来自-ize+ation,"…化"或"发展过程"]
n.(organization)组织,团体,机构The original Organ Organization was originated with an original man.最初的风琴组织是由一个有创见的人发起的.
US [ˌɔ:r-] noun
GROUP 组织
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a group of people who work together in a structured way for a shared purpose 组织；机构
• the World Health Organization 世界卫生组织
• The article was about the international aid organizations. 这篇文章是关于国际援助组织的。
(UK usually organisation) UK [ˌɔ:.gən.aɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] US [ˌɔ:r-] noun
ARRANGEMENT 安排
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■the planning of an activity or event 安排；组织；筹划
• He didn't want to be involved in the organization of/for the conference, although he was willing to attend and speak. 他不想参与大会的组织筹备工作，不过他愿意出席会议并发言。
(UK usually organisation) UK [ˌɔ:.gən.aɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] US [ˌɔ:r-] noun
SYSTEM 组织
 IMPROVER uncountable
■the way in which something is done or arranged 组织；安排
n. 组织；机构；体制；团体
 - fabric, machinery, system, community, body

Word: overhear
Front: overhear
[ˌəʊvəˈhɪə(r)] (研六雅 8536/9669 -1)
Vocabulary: overhear
(once / 664 pages)
v
When you accidentally hear part of a private conversation, you overhear it. If you overhear your friends discussing the surprise party they're throwing for your birthday, you'll have to pretend to be surprised.
Some restaurants have tables so close together that it's hard not to overhear what your neighbors are talking about. And so many people walk around talking loudly on their mobile phones that it's common to overhear several conversations (or, at least one half of them) just walking down the sidewalk. This is a modern phenomenon, but overhear is an old word, from the sixteenth century idea of hearing "beyond the normal range of the voice."
WORD FAMILY
overhear: overheard, overhearing, overhears+/ hear: hearable, heard, hearer, hearing, hears, overhear, rehear/hearable: hearably, unhearable/ heard: heardest, heardly, unheard/hearer: hearers/ hearing: hearings, rehearing, unhearing/rehear: reheard/rehearing: rehearings/unhearing: unhearingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They didn’t even say her name,” one inmate angrily says after overhearing the news conference.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
She recounted overhearing Williams say it was “OK to whip a child, just don’t leave any marks,” according to court records.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A surviving flight attendant and a pilot flying nearby also overheard the frantic pleas from the doomed airliner.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 偶然听到; 无意中听到; 偷听
vi. 无意中听到; 偷听到
时态：overheard, overhearing, overhears
分布：偷听(59%)，无意中听到(41%)
→over-,超过，过度，hear,听到。比喻用法。
vt.无意中听到,偷听I overhear that the hearty man heartily yearns for my harness in the barn.我无意中听说那个热忱的人十分向往我的牲口棚中的马具.
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'hɪr] (overheard, overheard)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to hear what other people are saying without intending to and without their knowledge 无意中听到，偶然听到
• I overheard a very funny conversation on the bus this morning. 今天早上我坐公车时，无意中听到一段有趣的谈话。
• [+ obj + -ing verb] He overheard his daughter telling her teddy not to be so naughty. 他碰巧听到女儿对她的毛绒小熊说别那么淘气。
• [+ obj + infinitive without to] We overheard them say that they didn't really like the meal. 我们无意中听到他们说他们其实并不喜欢那些饭菜。
• I'm sorry, I couldn't help overhearing. 很抱歉，我是碰巧听到的。
overhear, monitor, bug
这组词都有“偷听，窃听”的意思，其区别是：
overhear: 多指在别人不注意或不知道的情况下偶然听到谈话的内容。
monitor: 通常指用仪器设备偷听别人的谈话内容。
bug: 指在室内等处安装窃听器以窃听他人的谈话内容。
overhear, hear, listen
这组词都有“听”的意思，其区别是：
overhear: 指偶然听到，无意中听到，也指偷听。
hear: 及物动词，指声音进入耳内，但不含有注意的意味，即，只要听觉正常，声音进入耳内，就能听见。但在祈使句中，hear可指有意识的行为。
listen: 及物动词，指有意识地倾听，强调行为的过程。
vt. 无意中听到；偷听
 - happen to hear, listen in on

Word: pathology
Front: pathology
[pəˈθɒlədʒi] (宝 10141/12358 -1)
Vocabulary: pathology
(once / 1717 pages)
n
Pathology is the medical term for the way a disease works. A tumor is removed by a doctor trained in surgery, but you need a doctor trained in pathology to tell you if the tumor is cancer.
Pathology derives from the Greek pathos "suffering" and ology "study of"––to give us "the study of disease," but often pathology means the disease's behavior––the cancer pathology is to take over healthy cells and grow cancerous tumors. We also use pathology to describe abnormal conditions that aren’t really diseases, like the pathology of Hollywood stars who live their lives in public and become obsessed with fitness.
WORD FAMILY
pathology: pathologic, pathological, pathologies, pathologist +/ pathological: pathologically/ pathologist: pathologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chillicothe was once protected from urban pathologies by its very remoteness.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A variety of hereditary, environmental and lifestyle factors are thought to influence IBD pathology.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A doctor in London offered a screening for $32,000 that included an M.R.I. and a pathology analysis to determine the next steps.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 病理（学）; 〈比喻〉异常状态
分布：病理学(100%)
→patho-,疾病的，-logy,学说。即病理学。
病理学(path+o+logy学科→病的学科→病理学)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
【记】path不好的感觉，ology学科－病理学
【参】pathetic（adj 可怜的；悲惨的）；pathos（n 痛苦；感伤）
【反】normal（adj 正常的）－pathological（adj 病理的；病态的）
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of disease 病理学

Word: photon
Front: photon
[ˈfəʊtɒn] (9947/17697 -1)
Back: n. <物>光子，光量子
分布：光子(96%)，光量子(4%)
→phot-,光，-on,子，词源同ion,electron.
光子(photo光＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['foʊ.tɑ:n] specialized
noun countable
■a single unit of light 光子，光量子

Word: paratrooper
Front: paratrooper
[ˈpærətru:pə(r)] (17047/23496 -1)
Vocabulary: paratrooper
(once / 10260 pages)
n
Paratrooper are soldiers who drop from airplanes via parachutes.
A paratrooper isn't anything like a paralegal or paramedic. Rather, a paratrooper is a trooper (soldier) who uses a parachute. Paratroopers drop from airplanes into combat zones and other areas. Paratroopers might bring supplies to an area, or they could be part of an attack on somewhere, such as a terrorist hideout. If you want to be a paratrooper, you'd better be comfortable flying on planes and then jumping out of them. You'd also better hope your parachute opens.
WORD FAMILY
paratrooper: paratroopers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The former paratrooper was in a coma for six weeks and suffered leg injuries and multiple organ failures after catching the rare infection.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
“It’s a mistake,” said Michael Pregent, a former Army paratrooper who served in Iraq and is now an Iraq expert at the Washington-based Hudson Institute.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
His training as a paratrooper and an explosives expert provided a new sense of purpose.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 伞兵
分布：伞兵(100%)
→来自parachute和trooper的合成词。
N-COUNT
伞兵；空降兵
Paratroopers are soldiers who are trained to be dropped by parachute into battle or into enemy territory.
n. 伞兵
 - skytrooper, trooper

Word: purgatory
Vocabulary: purgatory
(once / 1785 pages)
n
Being stuck in standstill traffic can feel like purgatory, but this brief spell of unpleasantness is nothing compared to the misery endured by souls waiting to get into heaven, which is the original meaning of the word.
Purgatory comes from a Late Latin verb meaning "to cleanse" — purge shares the same root. In Roman Catholic doctrine, souls atoned for past sins in purgatory before entering heaven. In fact, for centuries, purgatory was often regarded as an actual physical place. Today, if you say you are in purgatory, you feel stuck or not able to continue towards a goal. High school might feel like purgatory because even though you're finished with your carefree childhood, you don't have the freedoms of adulthood yet.
WORD FAMILY
purgatory: purgatorial, purgatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
On this specific measure the polling industry still appears to be languishing in Purgatory.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
A weak government leaves the banks in purgatory — but not quite hell.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Those were a means by which a Catholic sinner might buy his way out of seemingly interminable purgatory after death, speeding directly into heavenly bliss.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)

Word: prodigal
Front: prodigal
[ˈprɒdɪgl] (托宝 19847/19816)
Vocabulary: prodigal
(once / 1115 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective prodigal to describe someone who spends too much money, or something very wasteful. Your prodigal spending on fancy coffee drinks might leave you with no money to buy lunch.
Prodigal usually applies to the spending of money. In the Bible, the Prodigal Son leaves home and wastes all his money. You could also use this word to describe something that is very abundant or generous in quantity, such as prodigal praise. Prodigal comes from the Latin word prodigere, "to drive away or waste," combining the prefix prod-, or "forth" and agere, "to drive."
WORD FAMILY
prodigal: prodigality, prodigally, prodigals+/ prodigality: prodigalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t think the word no was said to us one time for the entire creative process,” said Michael Voltaggio, Maryland’s prodigal son.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
As he went through the motions of returning home as the prodigal son, that loneliness began to dissipate.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
If his work can be summed up in a single word, it is combination: a prodigal wedding of disparate and unlikely objects and techniques.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 浪费的; 铺张的; 挥霍的; 慷慨的
丰富的，大量的; 富于 (of, with); 不吝惜的，十分慷慨的
n. 浪费者，浪子; [动]军曹鱼
分布：挥霍的(54%)，挥霍者(26%)，慷慨的(20%)
→来自拉丁语prodigere,挥霍，浪费，来自prod-,向前，来自pro-的扩大形式，-ig,做，驱使，驱动，词源同agent,navigate.比喻用法，被诱惑所驱动的，乱花钱的，挥霍的。
【记】pro前，dig挖，al所有－挖出家里的所有钱花掉－挥霍的
【反】parsimonious（adj 吝啬节俭的）；frugal（adj 节俭的）
US ['prɑ:.dɪ-] formal
adjective
■wasteful with money; often spending large amounts without thinking of the future 非常浪费的，奢侈的
• There have been rumours that he has been prodigal with company funds. 有传闻说他一直在挥霍公司的资金。
adj. 挥霍的；十分慷慨的
 - flush
n. 浪子；挥霍者
 - dissipator, spendthrifty

Word: pluralistic
Front: pluralistic
[ˌplʊərə'lɪstɪk] (13739/22595)
Vocabulary: pluralistic
(once / 30075 pages)
adj
Anything pluralistic involves a diversity of different ideas or people. A pluralistic society is a diverse one, where the people in it believe all kinds of different things and tolerate each other’s beliefs even when they don’t match their own.
You know how the plural form of a word means there's more than one of something? Similarly, pluralistic ideas are about embracing more than one group of people, ideas, or religions. A pluralistic approach to politics embraces many different philosophies, such as capitalism and socialism. A pluralistic society accepts many different sorts of people, from different races, sexual orientations, cultures, and religions. Pluralistic ideas are part of a philosophy known as pluralism.
WORD FAMILY
pluralistic: pluralistically+/ plural: pluralise, pluralism, plurality, pluralize, plurally, plurals/pluralise: pluralisation, pluralising/ pluralism: pluralist, pluralistic /pluralist: pluralists/ plurality: pluralities/pluralize: pluralization, pluralized, pluralizes, pluralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We couldn’t understand how to reconcile the pluralistic and progressive society we live in with the results of the election.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
She is the president of the Movement of the Pluralistic Society, a Syrian opposition group endorsed by Moscow that advocates working with Assad.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Scholars and journals must become more pluralistic in the methods and approaches that they support.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 兼职的; 多元论的，多元化的
分布：兼职的(60%)，多元论的(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
同 pluralist
Pluralistic means the same as pluralist .
例：Our objective is a free, open and pluralistic society.我们的目标是建立一个自由、开放和多元化的社会。
adj. 兼职的；兼管数个教堂的
 - part-time

Word: precocious
Front: precocious
[prɪˈkəʊʃəs] (宝 15417/19095 -1)
Vocabulary: precocious
(once / 2794 pages)
adj
That high school hoops phenom who plays like an NBA pro? The sixth grader who's already asking questions about organic chemistry? They're both precocious — meaning they're way beyond their years in skill or knowledge.
When you look at the Latin roots of precocious, it all makes sense. When pre (meaning "before") joins coquere (meaning "to ripen"), you have something that is ripening prematurely. And in the case of precocious, you are usually describing young people who have some adult-like quality about them. Maybe it's their vast vocabulary, maybe it's their ease with Calculus, or maybe it's just applying lipstick.
WORD FAMILY
precocious: precociously, precociousness+/ precocity: precocious, precocities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Naturally, it’s a down-to-earth widower with a precocious child and they require her aid.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“It is very precocious and sounds fresh and smart aleck, but I meant it as a lovely, funny gesture,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s largely a showcase for that 12-year-old’s precocious harmonica playing.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 早熟的; 较早具备某种能力的; 较早显出的; （儿童）老气的
分布：早熟的(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于-coc,煮，词源同cook,cuisine.比喻用法。
早熟的(pre+cocious熟→提前煮熟→早熟的)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
早熟的(pre提早+coc+ious→提早熟→早熟的)[coct=cook,表示"煮,调配"]
【记】pre前，coc＝cook，ious－很早就会做饭的－早熟的
【参】precognition（n 预知）；preconception（n 预想；偏见）
US [prə-] adjective
■(especially of children) showing mental development or achievement much earlier than usual （尤指儿童）智力超常的，早熟的
• A precocious child, she went to university at the age of 15. 她智力超乎寻常，15岁就上了大学。
• She recorded her first CD at the precocious age of 12. 她在12岁这么小的年纪就录制了自己的第一张雷射唱片。
■mainly disapproving
■describes a child who behaves as if they are much older than they are 少年老成的
• a precocious little brat 装作很老练的小鬼
adj. 早熟的；过早发育的
 - early, ratheripe

Word: rabid
Front: rabid
[ˈræbɪd] (宝 16269/22403)
Vocabulary: rabid
(once / 4903 pages)
adj
Chances are that if the tail-wagging dog that just appeared on your doorstep is also foaming at the mouth and chewing on your welcome mat, it's rabid and you should back away slowly; no petting for this infectious pup.
While you've likely heard it used to describe an animal infected by rabies, rabid (derived from the Latin verb rabere "be mad, rave") can also dramatically describe a person exhibiting fanatical, extremely enthusiastic, or raging behavior. That guy who nearly knocked you off the stands at the football game with his energetic fist-pumping and then was later kicked out for getting into a fight with another fan? Rabid on both counts.
WORD FAMILY
rabid: rabidest, rabidity, rabidly, rabidness+/rabidity: rabidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was even glimpsed in Ron Howard’s “The Beatles: Eight Days a Week - The Touring Years” as a young, rabid Beatlemaniac.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
She was even glimpsed in Ron Howard’s “The Beatles: Eight Days a Week – The Touring Years” as a young, rabid Beatlemaniac.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But each post was less rabid, more substantive.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 患狂犬病的; 疯狂的; 狂暴的; 狂热的
分布：患狂犬病的(44%)，激进的(26%)，疯狂的(19%)，极端的(11%)
→来自拉丁语 rabere,发狂的，词源同 rage.
狂怒的,狂热[rab=rage(怒)]
【记】ra＝re反复，bid投标：反复出钱投标没有用的东西－失去理性的
【反】logical（adj 合乎逻辑的）；detached（adj 分开的；超然的）
adjective mainly disapproving
■having and expressing extreme and unreasonable feelings 极端的；过激的；狂热的
• The attack is believed to have been carried out by a group of rabid anti-semites. 据信，袭击是一群狂热的反犹分子所为。
• a rabid feminist 偏激的女权主义者
['ræb.ɪd] adjective
■suffering from rabies 患狂犬病的
• a rabid dog 疯狗
adj. 激烈的；狂暴的；偏激的；患狂犬病的
 - angry, acute, extreme, furious

Word: redeploy
Front: redeploy
[ˌri:dɪˈplɔɪ] (22040/34033)
Vocabulary: redeploy
(once / 23592 pages)
v
To redeploy is to send out again or reassign to a new location, the way an army at war redeploys soldiers to places where there's new fighting.
A busy catering company might redeploy workers to a wedding reception that needs extra servers, and an aid agency could decide to redeploy additional doctors and nurses to a country that's suffered from earthquakes. To deploy is to move people, especially military troops. Add the "again" prefix, re-, and you're moving those troops to a new location or a new task.
WORD FAMILY
redeploy: redeployed, redeploying, redeployment+/ deploy: deployed, deploying, deployment, deploys, redeploy / deployment: deployments/redeployment: redeployments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Several thousand Iraqi federal police were redeployed from the southern outskirts last week to reinforce the eastern front.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Special forces redeployed to Syria shortly after Russia launched its intervention in 2015.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Now Teach hopes its plan will eventually create "a movement of senior professionals redeploying their skills in the classroom".
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新部署，调遣（士兵），调配（工人、设备）
时态：redeployed, redeploying, redeploys
分布：调动(57%)，重新配置(43%)
→re-,再，重新，deploy,部署。
verb transitive
■to move employees, soldiers, equipment, etc. to a different place or use them in a more effective way 重新部署；调遣；调配
vt. 重新部署；调动
 - remove, translate

Word: richness
Front: richness
[ˈrɪtʃnəs] (9253/9733)
Vocabulary: richness
(once / 1281 pages)
n
Richness is a quality or characteristic, either of having a lot of money or of being plentiful. The richness of exotic bird life in Hawaii may be much more appealing to you than the richness of your wealthy neighbors.
When you use the noun richness to talk about an abundance of something, you're emphasizing how luxurious or bountiful it is. And if you mention the richness of a meal or a dessert, you're talking about its delicious, fatty, and filling nature: "The richness of this chocolate mousse is off the charts!" Sometimes richness also means "intensity," as in the richness of the deep blue sky.
WORD FAMILY
richness: richnesses+/ enrich: enriched, enriches, enriching, enrichment / enrichment: enrichments/ rich: enrich, richer, richest, richly, richness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the richness of his poetic imagination, as shown in these three etudes, Trifonov may be peerless today .
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It needs to be dark enough to cut the round, sweet richness of the custard: Aim for dark amber.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In conversations with Hustvedt, the observation is slightly different: it’s hard not to be amazed at the richness, the texture of her views.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 丰富; 浓烈; 富裕; 富饶
分布：丰富(94%)，富裕(3%)，肥沃(3%)
→rich,富有的，丰富的，-ness,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
A LOT OF STH 丰富
■when something has a lot of a particular quality or valuable substance 丰富；富饶
• We were impressed by the great richness of detail in her painting. 她的画作着重细节刻画，给我们留下很深的印象。
['rɪtʃ.nəs] noun uncountable
ATTRACTIVE 吸引的
■when a colour, sound, smell or taste is strong in a pleasing or attractive way （颜色）浓重的；（声音）浑厚的，圆润洪亮的；（味道）馥郁的
• richness of flavour 香味馥郁
• It's a wonderful painting - I love the richness of the colours. 这是一幅极好的画作——我喜欢它那浓重的色彩。
['rɪtʃ.nəs] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
■when food contains a large amount of butter, oil, eggs, or cream 油腻的
• The richness of the food made him feel slightly ill. 食物太油腻了，他吃了觉得有些不适。
n. 丰富；富裕；肥沃；华美
 - abundance, plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, enrichment

Word: saw
Front: saw
[sɔ:] (研四六 7433/6947 -1)
Vocabulary: saw
(once / 13 pages)
1nv 2n
A saw is a tool that's used to cut wood. It can be a hand tool or a power tool, and it usually has either a blade or a disk with a jagged cutting edge.
The verb saw means to cut through wood or another material using a saw or other tool. If you are going to build a bookcase, you have to saw the wood into the proper lengths. It's a good idea to measure it twice so you only have to saw it once. When you're faced with a tough piece of meat, you might have to saw at it just to cut off a bite.
WORD FAMILY
saw: saw-like, sawed, sawing, sawn, saws, sawyer+/sawyer: sawyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did his artificial hips put him at risk of infection when he saw the dentist?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“At one time we saw a possibility of changing history,” he said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Nick naively hopes no other women saw it, but of course they did.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 锯; 谚语，格言
vt. & vi. 往复移动; 锯成; 用锯; 拉锯
v. 看见（ see的过去式）; 观看; 领会; 考虑
时态：sawed, sawn, sawing, saws
分布：锯(98%)，用锯子锯(1%)，前后移动(1%)
→来自古英语 sagu,锯，锯子，来自 Proto-Germanic*sago,切割工具，来自 sek,砍，切，词 源同 section,segment.saw 格言，谚语
n.锯子,锯床v.锯,锯开The drawer put the strawberries and raw paws into a drawer in the saw-mill.
【记】sa三，w：三个w就是www，长得象锯。
US [sɑ:] verb past simple of
■see
UK [sɔ:] US [sɑ:] noun countable
■a tool with a long or round blade and a row of sharp points along one edge, which is used for cutting hard materials, such as wood or metal 锯
• a hand/power/chain/circular saw 手锯／电锯／链锯／圆锯
⇒ See also fretsaw;hacksaw;jigsaw
vt. [木] 锯；锯成；锯开
 - rip
n. 锯子；谚语
 - saying, proverb

Word: satanic
Front: satanic
[səˈtænɪk] (宝 15183/15000)
Back: adj. 邪恶的; 罪恶的; 魔鬼的; 崇拜撒旦的
分布：恶魔的(58%)，撒旦的(42%)
→Satan,撒旦，-ic,形容词后缀。
【记】源于：Satan（撒旦：上帝和人类邪恶的敌人，被认为是堕落天使的领袖）
adjective
■connected with worshipping Satan 崇拜撒旦的
• a satanic cult/practice/rite 撒旦崇拜祭仪
■very evil 极邪恶的；魔鬼似的
• He gave a satanic smile. 他露出了邪恶的笑容。

Word: stoic
Front: stoic
['stəʊɪk] (宝 16316/33160)
Vocabulary: stoic
(once / 2436 pages)
adjn
Being stoic is being calm and almost without any emotion. When you're stoic, you don't show what you're feeling and you also accept whatever is happening.
The noun stoic is a person who's not very emotional. The adjective stoic describes any person, action, or thing that seems emotionless and almost blank. Mr. Spock, from the oldest Star Trek show, was a great example of a stoic person: he tried to never show his feelings. Someone yelling, crying, laughing, or glaring is not stoic. Stoic people calmly go with the flow and don't appear to be shook up by much.
WORD FAMILY
stoic: stoical, stoically, stoics+/stoical: stoicism / stoicism: stoicisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some scenes, Hens achieves a kind of middle tone, where, while still producing little horrors, he remains stoic, or reticent.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Venables played at Kansas State and began his coaching career there under Bill Snyder, one of the more stoic coaches in the game.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They were the stoic dudes keeping it together to Prince’s histrionic grace.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Stoic
(once / 4317 pages)
adjn
In Athens around 300 BC, Zeno of Citium founded a school of philosophy called Stoicism, and a person who followed the idea was called a Stoic. The main goal of a Stoic was to avoid unnecessary emotions.
Stoics believed that certain feelings, like joy and sorrow, were destructive to people and should be avoided and that a virtuous life could result in peace and harmony with nature. The adjective Stoic describes something that relates to this particular school of philosophy. Major Stoic philosophers included Marcus Aurelius and Seneca the Younger. Stoic is always capitalized.
WORD FAMILY
Stoic: Stoics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Stoics recommended “the premeditation of evils,” or deliberately visualizing the worst-case scenario.
New York Times(Aug 04, 2012)
The Stoics were really writing and thinking about one thing: how to live.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
But there’s a way to deal with fear and anxiety that neuroscientists, the ancient Stoics and mindfulness experts all agree on.
Time(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: n. 禁欲主义者，恬淡寡欲的人，不以苦乐为意的人
adj. 坚忍的，苦修的
分布：斯多葛学派的(30%)，禁欲主义者(20%)，禁欲的(15%)，坚忍克己之人(15%)，坚忍克己的(10%)，斯多葛派人士(10%)
→来自拉丁语 stoicus,来自希腊语 stoikos,斯多葛学派，来自 stoa,门廊，走廊，来自 sta,站 立，词源同 stand.该学派为古希腊哲学家 Zeno 创立的一个以苦修和朴素著称的学派，因 Zeno 于门廊讲学而得名。
坚忍克己之人(来自古希腊斯多噶哲学派,主张以苦为乐[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【记】斯多葛派学者是希腊哲学学校的成员，他们认为：人不应为情感所动，而是把各种事情当作神意的不可避免的结果来坦然地接受
US ['stoʊ-] slightly formal
adjective (also stoical)
■determined not to complain or show your feelings, especially when something bad happens to you 克制感情的；（尤指面对逆境）坚忍的，隐忍的
• We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude. 尽管她非常坚忍，但我们知道她一定很痛苦。
• He showed a stoic resignation towards his fate. 他在命运面前表现得听天由命，隐忍顺从。
• Local people were stoical about the damage caused by the hurricane. 当地居民默默承受飓风造成的破坏。
UK ['stəʊ.ɪk] US ['stoʊ-] slightly formal
noun countable
■someone who does not complain or show their emotions 恬淡寡欲者；克制感情的人
• My father is a stoic by nature and found it hard to express his grief when my mother died. 我父亲天生隐忍克制，我母亲去世时他很难表露自己的悲伤之情。

Word: scaffolding
Front: scaffolding
[ˈskæfəldɪŋ] (托 13997/11710 -1)
Back: n. 搭脚手架的材料; 脚手架材料
分布：脚手架(99%)，动词scaffold的现在分词.(1%)
→scaffold,脚手架，-ing,集合名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■a structure of metal poles and wooden boards put against a building for workers to stand on when they want to reach the higher parts of the building 鹰架
• Scaffolding has been erected around the tower and repair work will start next week. 塔的周围已搭起了鹰架，修缮工作将从下周开始。
n. 脚手架；搭脚手架的材料
 - false work, lding

Word: socioeconomic
Front: socioeconomic
[ˌsəʊsɪəʊˌi:kə'nɒmɪk] (6127/16874)
Vocabulary: socioeconomic
(once / 27745 pages)
adj
The term socioeconomic refers to the interaction between the social and economic habits of a group of people — like the dating habits of millionaires!
The prefix socio- refers to "the study of the behaviors of people," including the ways they interact with one another or their family structures. The word economic refers to the economy, such as people’s income and finances. Socioeconomic links financial and social issues together. Whether you end up joining the exclusive country club or the community center will depend on socioeconomic issues — like which place your friends hang out and which one do you have the money to join?
WORD FAMILY
socioeconomic: socioeconomically
USAGE EXAMPLES
And urbanisation and stress leads to the disease, although it doesn't discriminate between classes or socioeconomic backgrounds.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
While race and socioeconomic status are important, perhaps more critical is sharing a culture.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Nor is it an activity associated with one particular socioeconomic group, says Prof Clay.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 社会经济学的
分布：社会经济的(100%)
US [ˌsoʊ.si.oʊˌi:.kə'nɑ:.mɪk] adjective
■related to the differences between groups of people caused mainly by their financial situation 社会经济的；社会经济地位（不同）的
• socioeconomic groups/groupings 社会经济团体
• socioeconomic factors 社会经济因素
• College Board officials said the difficulties arise more from socioeconomic than from ethnic differences. 校董会官员认为问题更多是由社会经济地位差异造成的，而非种族差异。

Word: superfluous
Front: superfluous
[su:ˈpɜ:fluəs] (研托雅宝 16195/13701 -1)
Vocabulary: superfluous
(once / 699 pages)
adj
When something is so unnecessary that it could easily be done away with, like a fifth wheel on a car or a fifth person on a double date, call it superfluous.
Superfluous (soo-PER-floo-uhs) means "more than required." Use it when pointing out something that could be removed without detracting from the quality of something: "For a climb over a glacier, the very thickest shoes are absolutely necessary; beyond these, all else seems superfluous to me," wrote the adventurer Charles Stoddard in 1899. The word comes from Latin and literally means "overflowing": super, "over" + fluere, "to flow." So you can think of a superfluous addition as flowing over the boundaries of what's needed.
WORD FAMILY
superfluous: superfluity, superfluously+/ superfluity: superfluities
USAGE EXAMPLES
So, suddenly Alex Jones is interested in formerly superfluous things like evidence and substantiation.
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
Under the old feudalism, the peasants were exploited; under the new arrangement, they’ll merely be superfluous.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
A two-page appreciation of the late food writer Elizabeth David also feels superfluous.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 过多的; 多余的; 不必要的; 奢侈的
分布：多余的(71%)，过剩的(15%)，不必要的(14%)
→super-,超过，额外，-flu,流动，词源同 fluid,fluent.引申词义过多的。
多余的(super+flu流＋ous→流出太多)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
过剩的,多余的(super超过＋flu+ous→超过了还流→过剩的)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
a.多余的,过剩的Have you got any superflous food for the poor?你有没有多余的食物分给穷人啊?
【反】integral（adj 完整的；必须的）
US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
■more than is needed or wanted 过多的，多余的，过剩的
• The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. 这篇报告坏就坏在里面细枝末节的东西太多。
adj. [数] 多余的；不必要的；奢侈的
 - unnecessary, spare, luxury, waste, redundant

Word: supine
Front: supine
[ˈsu:paɪn] (宝 21787/21819)
Vocabulary: supine
(once / 6611 pages)
adj
You can be described as supine when you're lying face up — for example, your favorite yoga poses might be the supine ones. Someone who is very passive or lethargic could also be called supine — for instance, someone might be supine in the face of continuous threats and insults.
The adjective supine comes from a Latin word, supinus, which means “thrown backwards” or “inactive.” Whenever a person or animal is lying on its back, belly-up, it is supine. When your hand is open, palm-up, it is also supine. Supine can even describe a person who gives insufficient resistance, or who is lazy and ineffectual. "When Jack refused to object to the landlord’s repeated — and gouging — rent increases, he was supine."
WORD FAMILY
supine: resupine, supinely
USAGE EXAMPLES
So if Congress promises to be supine, what of the supreme court, surely the ultimate restraint?
The Guardian(Nov 10, 2016)
There are lots of people sitting down for his set, but it’s not all stoned abstraction for supine satisfaction.
The Guardian(Nov 06, 2016)
Remain, who didn’t put up posters or show any passion for their cause, were supine in the face of their rhetoric.
The Guardian(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 仰卧的; 消极的，懒得动的
n. （拉丁语中的）动名词
分布：仰卧的(55%)，懒散的(45%)
→来自拉丁语 supinus,平躺的，来自 sup,在下，词源同 sub-,sup-.
【记】su酥，pine（n 松树；v 消瘦）：浑身消瘦酥麻是因为懒散
【反】vigilant（adj 警惕的）
adjective
BODY 身体 formal
■(lying) flat on your back, looking up 仰卧的
• We walked along the beach, past the rows of supine bodies soaking up the sun. 我们沿着海滩漫步，一路上到处都是一排排仰卧在海滩上晒太阳的人们。
Compare prone
['su:.paɪn] ['sju:-] adjective
CHARACTER 性格 disapproving
■If you are supine, you are weak and willing to accept the control of others 软弱的
• The new director has introduced a series of changes against little opposition from the supine staff. 新任主管进行了一系列改革，并没有遭到那些软弱消极的员工的多少反对。
adj. 仰卧的；懒散的；掌心向上的；向后靠的
 - resupine, slouchy

Word: termination
Front: termination
[ˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn] (托宝 10020/8066)
Vocabulary: termination
(once / 848 pages)
n
Whether it refers to getting fired from a job, a contract running out, or the assassination of a deep-cover spy, termination is "the end of the line."
You may be familiar with a certain time-traveling cyborg assassin, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger. His character was a "terminator," in a movie of the same name, and his goal was the termination of Sarah Connor. Lucky for Sarah, and the supposed future of our planet, the termination was unsuccessful. In the real world, you're more likely to see the word termination used when a contract, program, or job comes to an end, unexpectedly or as planned.
WORD FAMILY
termination: terminations+/ interminable: interminably/terminable: interminable / terminal: subterminal, terminally, terminals/ terminate: terminable, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminative/terminative: terminatively/ terminus: terminal, terminate, termini, terminuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dore was recommended for termination by the inspector general’s office.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Wheaton officials apparently did not agree and began termination proceedings against the professor, saying her statements seemed “inconsistent with Wheaton College’s doctrinal convictions.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Normally, early termination of a CRP contract requires repayment of all previous payments plus interest.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 终止妊娠; 结束; 终止处; 结局
分布：终止(83%)，结束(11%)，结果(5%)，词尾(1%)
终结(termin+ation)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
【记】term期限，ination：到了期限－终止
【参】terminable（adj 可终止的；有期限的）；terminus（n 终点）
US [ˌtɝ:-] noun
countable or uncountable specialized
■the intentional ending of a pregnancy, usually by a medical operation 终止妊娠，人工流产
UK [ˌtɜ:.mɪ'neɪ.ʃən] US [ˌtɝ:-] noun
uncountable formal
■when something ends or stops or is caused to end or stop 终止；停止
• The termination of the bus service was a severe blow to many villagers. 公车停驶对许多村民来说是一个严重的打击。
n. 结束，终止
 - completion, close, finish, ended up

Word: stripper
Front: stripper
[ˈstrɪpə(r)] (13219/19509 -1)
Back: n. 脱衣舞表演者，脱衣舞女; 分离相片负像或正像的人; 剥皮剂; 低产井
分布：剥皮器(34%)，低产井(33%)，模板(33%)
→strip,跳脱衣舞，-er,人。
US [-ɚ] noun
REMOVE COVERING 去除表皮
countable or uncountable
■a liquid chemical or an electric tool that is used for removing things such as paint 剥离剂，脱漆剂；剥离器
• a can of paint stripper 一罐脱漆剂
• My new wallpaper stripper uses high-pressure steam to lift off the paper. 我的新壁纸剥离器是用高压蒸汽使壁纸剥落。
UK ['strɪp.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
REMOVE CLOTHING 脱掉衣服
countable
■someone whose job is removing all their clothing to entertain other people 脱衣舞表演者
• We organized a male stripper for her 50th birthday party. 我们为她的50岁生日安排了一个脱衣舞男表演。
n. 脱衣舞女； [木] [助剂] 剥离器；脱模机
 - exotic dancer, ecdysiast

Word: turquoise
Front: turquoise
[ˈtɜ:kwɔɪz] (托宝 14012/19508 -1)
Vocabulary: turquoise
(once / 3504 pages)
n
If your favorite color is turquoise, it means that you're partial to a particular bluish-green shade.
The color known as turquoise comes from the semi-precious gem of the same name. Chemically, turquoise is a mineral made of copper aluminum phosphate, but you're most likely to be familiar with its polished form, especially in rings and necklaces and belt buckles. Interestingly, the word for this traditionally Native American gem comes from a word that means "Turkish," based on its long-ago introduction from Turkey to other parts of Europe.
WORD FAMILY
turquoise: turquoises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three turquoise faux advertising posters are dedicated to a dark ale called Society.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After several hours of endless turquoise ocean, reef islands suddenly materialise just north of the equator.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
“Polar Treasures” surrounds a turquoise radiance with messy loops, threads and splashes of paint, about to slide into a single irresistible gravity field.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 绿松石; 青绿色，天蓝色
adj. 蓝绿色的
分布：绿松石(68%)，青绿色(22%)，青绿色的(10%)
→来自古法语 pierre turqueise,来自土耳其的石头，来自 pierre,石头，词源同 petrol,turqueise,土 耳其的，词源同 Turkish.
绿松石(turquo=turkish;因绿松石来自土耳其面得名)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
【记】turqu＝Turkish土耳其的，oise：原产自土耳其，又叫土耳其玉。
US ['tɝ:.kɔɪz] noun countable or uncountable
■a bluish green precious stone which is often used in jewellery 绿松石
UK ['tɜ:.kwɔɪz] US ['tɝ:.kɔɪz] adjective
■bluish green in colour 青绿色的
• the clear turquoise water of the bay 海湾清澈碧绿的海水
n. [矿物] 绿松石；蓝绿色
 - turcos, kallaite
adj. 蓝绿色的
 - glaucous, cyan

Word: thrice
Front: thrice
[θraɪs] (24757/32630)
Vocabulary: thrice
(once / 704 pages)
adv
Thrice is an old-fashioned way to talk about doing something three times. You could say, "I swung the bat at the piñata thrice."
You're most likely to come across the adverb thrice in a book, since it's a stiff, formal way to say "three times." Just for fun, you could use it in a note to your cat sitter: "Please feed Fluffy thrice daily," to scold your younger brother: "I've asked you thrice not to throw that ball in the house," or to brag about your travels: "I've thrice been to Madagascar."
WORD FAMILY
thrice
USAGE EXAMPLES
Speaking during his visit to a Carrier plant in Indianapolis on Thursday, the president-elect thrice promised “a minimum” of 1,100 jobs would be saved.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Ogunbowale, who carried only thrice in the first half behind Clement, helped himself to gains of 17 and 15 yards.
Washington Post(Oct 29, 2016)
Thaksin-backed governments have repeatedly been ousted, twice by the military and thrice by the courts.
Time(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: adv. 三次; 三倍; 非常; 十分
分布：三次(75%)，三倍地(25%)
→来自 three,三，-ce,副词所有格后缀。比较 twice.
[θraɪs] old use
adverb
■three times 三次
adv. 三次；三倍地；非常，十分
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: tessa

Word: underbelly
Front: underbelly
[ˈʌndəbeli] (20781/32968)
Back: n. 下腹部的，物体的下方，易受攻击的地带
分布：下腹部(78%)，易受攻击的地带(22%)
US [-dɚ-] literary
noun only singular
■the weakest or most unpleasant part of something which is most likely to fail or be easily defeated 最薄弱部分，软肋
• a film exposing the sordid underbelly of modern urban society 一部揭露现代都市丑恶的阴暗面的电影
• Small businesses are the soft underbelly (= weakest parts) of the British economy, and they need as much government support as possible. 小企业是英国经济中最薄弱的环节，它们需要政府尽可能多的支援。

Word: uncontrollable
Front: uncontrollable
[ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊləbl] (13161/14049 -1)
Vocabulary: uncontrollable
(once / 2468 pages)
adj
Uncontrollable things can't be managed or influenced. An uncontrollable three-year-old can be a handful, while a politician with an uncontrollable desire for power can be dangerous.
If you fly off the handle at the smallest irritation, snapping angrily at the people around you, you have an uncontrollable temper. And when you and your best friend burst into giggles in the middle of chemistry class, it's uncontrollable laughter that's going to get you in trouble. When something is controllable, it can be restricted or restrained. Add the "not" prefix un-, and you've got something uncontrollable.
WORD FAMILY
controllable: controllably, uncontrollable +/ control: controled, controling, controllable, controlled, controller, controlling, controls, decontrol, self-control / controlled: controlledly, uncontrolled/controller: controllers, controllership/controlling: controllingest, controllingly/decontrol: decontrolled, decontrolling, decontrols/uncontrolled: uncontrollably, uncontrolledly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some people are so sensitive to this effect that they develop uncontrollable coughing.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They treated a man from Cornwall who suffered from uncontrollable tremors in his right hand.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“There’s a gap, and that gap is the uncontrollable moment, and that’s what you want to look at.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法控制的; 难以驾驭的; 无法管束的; 不可控
分布：控制不住的(72%)，无法管束的(28%)
US [-'troʊ-] adjective
■too strong or violent to be controlled 无法控制的；抑制不住的
• I was suddenly overcome with an uncontrollable desire to hit him. 我突然有一种抑制不住想打他的念头。
adj. 无法控制的；无法管束的；难以驾驭的
 - indisciplinable

Word: untidy
Front: untidy
[ʌnˈtaɪdi] (23636/9756 -K1)
Back: adj. 不整洁的，凌乱的; 懒散的; 不干净利落的，不简练的; 不适宜的
v. 使不整洁; 使杂乱无章
级别：untidier, untidiest
分布：不整齐的(67%)，懒散的(33%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not tidy 不整洁的，邋遢的，凌乱的
• an untidy room 凌乱的房间
• She's really untidy at home. 她在家真的很邋遢。
adj. 不整洁的；凌乱的；不整齐的；懒散的；不简练的
 - draggly, tatty

Word: vandal
Front: vandal
[ˈvændl] (17938/12023 -1)
Vocabulary: vandal
(once / 5086 pages)
n
A vandal is someone who harms or destroys other people's property. Someone who paints graffiti on your door is a vandal.
Vandalizing is the damaging of someone else's possessions or property. A person who vandalizes is a vandal. A vandal doesn't steal, but they reduce the value of what someone owns by harming it. Vandals slash tires and key cars. Vandals paint on buildings. Vandals break windows. A vandal might have a grudge against a particular person, or sometimes teenagers become vandals out of boredom. The worst kind of vandal might be the kind who desecrates tombstones.
WORD FAMILY
vandal: vandalise, vandalism, vandalize, vandals+/ vandalism: vandalisms/vandalize: vandalized, vandalizes, vandalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vandal or vandals drew the swastika symbol with the arms facing the wrong direction, said Lt.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Police are investigating after vandals spray-painted swastikas and racist language on a Little League complex in Virginia.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The broad storefront windows that let in such wonderful natural light also attracted vandals, so Mr. Ichihashi kept the gate closed.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 故意毁坏文物者，破坏他人财产者
adj. 破坏文化艺术的
分布：破坏他人或公共财产者(100%)
→来自拉丁语Vandalus,日耳曼部落名，于公元455年将罗马洗劫一空，因而引申该词义。
noun countable
■a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people 故意破坏他人财产者
• Vandals smashed windows and overturned cars in the downtown shopping district. 捣乱分子在市中心的商业区砸烂窗户并掀翻汽车。

Word: visualisation
Front: visualisation
[ˌvɪzjʊəlaɪ'zeɪʃən] (-/26456)
Back: n. <主英>使看得见，清楚地呈现在心
分布：可视化(100%)

Word: willpower
Front: willpower
['wɪlpaʊə(r)] (19800/22140 -1)
Vocabulary: willpower
(once / 33388 pages)
n
Willpower is the ability to control or restrain yourself. If you bake brownies and can keep yourself from tasting them until after dinner, you can thank your willpower.
A less descriptive — but simpler — way to say willpower is simply will. Whichever word you prefer, you can use it to describe someone's deliberate or purposeful control. In the case of willpower, the person is likely to be resisting a temptation or impulse. It takes willpower not to argue with someone whose opinions make you angry, and willpower to eat just one potato chip.
WORD FAMILY
willpower: willpowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The difficulty in keeping weight off reflects biology, not a pathological lack of willpower affecting two-thirds of the U.S.A.,” he said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
When you shop till you drop, your willpower drops, too.
New York Times(Aug 17, 2011)
But new studies suggest that we’ve been thinking about willpower all wrong, and that the theory of ego depletion isn’t true.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 意志力; 毅力
分布：意志力(100%)
US [-paʊr] noun uncountable
■the ability to control your own thoughts and the way in which you behave; determination 意志力；毅力
• It took a lot of willpower to stay calm. 要有很强的意志力才能保持平静。
• I don't have the willpower to diet. 我没有节食的毅力。
n. 意志力；毅力
 - backbone, psychokinesis

Word: worrier
Front: worrier
[ˈwʌriə(r)] (24307/35383)
Back: n. 担心的人，发愁的人
分布：担心(67%)，忧虑(11%)，烦恼(11%)，发愁(6%)，撕咬(3%)，使烦恼(1%)，使焦虑(1%)
US ['wɝ:.i.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who worries a lot 爱担忧的人
• I can't help being a worrier - some people are just born that way. 我总是忍不住要担心——有些人天生就是那样。

Word: acidity
Front: acidity
[əˈsɪdəti] (托 17453/13106)
Back: n. 酸性; <化>酸性; <医>胃酸过多; （言词等的）类刻
分布：酸度(64%)，酸性(36%)
酸度,酸性(acid+ity性质→酸性)[acid,acri,acrid,acu=sour,sharp,表示"尖,酸,锐利"]
【记】acid酸，酸的，ity表性质－酸性
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the amount of acid in a substance or in your stomach 酸的含量，酸度
• This low pH level clearly shows the acidity of the soil here. 这里土壤的pH值很低，表示土壤呈酸性。

Word: abundantly
Front: abundantly
[əˈbʌndəntli] (托 16050/14238)
Back: adv. 丰富地; 大量地; 十分清楚; 非常明白
分布：大量地(63%)，丰富地(37%)
ADV
充分地;十分地
If something is abundantly clear, it is extremely obvious.
例：He made it abundantly clear that anybody who disagrees with his policies will not last long.他非常明确地表示任何不同意他政策的人都坚持不了多久。
ADV-GRADED
大量地;丰富地;充足地
Something that occurs abundantly is present in large quantities.
例：...a plant that grows abundantly in the United States...在美国大量生长的一种植物
例：All the pages are abundantly illustrated with colour photographs.每页都配有丰富的彩色照片。
adv. 丰富地；大量地
 - largely, freely, big, importantly, heavy

Word: aquila

Word: airtel

Word: ballad
Front: ballad
[ˈbæləd] (宝 9402/10212 -1)
Vocabulary: ballad
(once / 469 pages)
n
A ballad is a song that tells a story, and it can be dramatic, funny, or romantic. You can find ballads in a variety of musical styles, from country-western to rock n' roll.
The ballad is an old musical form. Ballads are often by anonymous composers, passed down from generation to generation. You may know “The Ballad of Jesse James," about the notorious bank robber, which dates from the 1880s and has been recorded by everybody from Woody Guthrie to Springsteen. A ballad can also be a slow, romantic song, the kind of thing crooners like Johnny Mathis and Bing Crosby made famous. The word ballad comes from medieval French balade, a dancing song.
WORD FAMILY
ballad: balladeer, ballads+/balladeer: balladeers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this number, adapted by Thompson from an 18th-century Scottish ballad, may be the best of them all.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The ballad opens with an electric piano, organ, bass and guitar playing the introduction backed only by a snare drum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Meanwhile the singles chart shows the ballad Careless Whisper, one of Michael’s best-known hits, just outside the top 10 at 12.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 民谣，尤指叙事歌谣; 民歌; [音]伤感的情歌
分布：歌谣(80%)，诗歌(10%)，谣曲(10%)
歌谣,歌曲(ball舞,歌)[-ad表名词"…东西,状态"]
【记】1）ball球，ad广告－像球做广告－一代代滚下来－歌谣2）bal＋lad，是非常对称的结构，因为歌谣、诗歌就是采用一种对称的句式，叫循环迭句。
noun countable
■a song or poem that tells a story, or (in popular music) a slow love song 歌谣，民谣；叙事诗；（舒缓的）情歌
n. 歌谣，民谣；叙事歌谣；流行抒情歌曲
 - derry, volkslied

Word: bingo
Front: bingo
[ˈbɪŋgəʊ] (高 15245/12087 -1)
Back: 宾果游戏; 太好了，好极了
分布：宾果游戏(100%)
→拟声词，模仿欢呼声。
US [-goʊ] noun uncountable
■a game in which prizes can be won by matching numbers on a card with those chosen by chance 宾果游戏（一种赌博游戏）
UK ['bɪŋ.gəʊ] US [-goʊ] exclamation informal
■an expression of surprise and, usually, pleasure （表示惊讶、得意）瞧，嘿
• I was just about to borrow some money when bingo! - the cheque arrived. 瞧！我正打算去借钱时——支票到了。

Word: besmirch
Front: besmirch
[bɪˈsmɜ:tʃ] (宝 28398/39428)
Vocabulary: besmirch
(once / 17990 pages)
v
To besmirch means to dirty or tarnish, particularly someone's reputation — like when you call Billy a cheater at kickball (even though you know he's just better at bunting than you).
Besmirch may sound kind of funny, but it goes hand in hand with other hurtful words like defame and slander. It can also mean to literally stain something. So that time you tracked mud all over the new white carpet and then blamed it on your little brother? That was a double besmirching — dirtying the rug and then falsely accusing a sibling.
WORD FAMILY
besmirch: besmirched, besmirches, besmirching
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Myths about Russian aggression, about propaganda, interference in other countries’ elections, besmirching our athletes, including Paralympic athletes.”
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
One hears persistent talk about how Maduro is besmirching the military’s dignity with his economic failures.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
A rebranding is something that the Chechen warlord could definitely use following a string of violent excesses that have besmirched his reputation outside the Caucasus.
Slate(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 弄脏; 玷污; 丑化; 糟蹋（名誉等）
时态：besmirched, besmirching, besmirches
分布：弄污(75%)，污渍(25%)
→前缀be-, 强调。smirch, 弄脏，词源同smear.
【参】smirch（v 弄脏；n 污迹）
【反】honor（vt 尊敬，给以荣誉）
US [-'smɝ:tʃ] literary
verb transitive
■to say bad things about someone to influence other people's opinion of them 玷污，糟蹋（名誉等）
• His accusations were false, but they served to besmirch her reputation. 他的指控虽毫无根据，却损害了她的名誉。
vt. 弄污；损害；诽谤
 - hurt, wrong

Word: blackboard
Front: blackboard
[ˈblækbɔ:d] (中高 13322/11944 -1)
Back: n. 黑板
分布：黑板(100%)
n.黑板The teacher wrote on the blackboard with a piece of chalk.老师用一支粉笔在黑板上写字.
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a dark surface on a wall or frame which a teacher writes on with chalk (= white substance) 黑板
n. 黑板
 - chalkboard

Word: broadside
Front: broadside
[ˈbrɔ:dsaɪd] (17461/20230)
Back: n. <船>（吃水线以上的）舷侧; （书面或口头的）猛烈抨击; 全部舷侧炮; 宽阔面
adv. 侧对着; 侧向地; 漫无目标地; 胡乱地
vt. <美>撞上（车）的一侧
时态：broadside, broadsiding, broadsides
分布：用整个侧面撞击或碰撞(34%)，侧面(33%)，猛烈的抨击(33%)
US ['brɑ:d-] noun countable
■a strong written or spoken attack (on someone) （对某人的）猛烈抨击
• The opposition fired/launched yet another broadside at the prime minister. 反对党对首相发动了又一次猛烈抨击。
specialized
■the firing of all the guns on one side of a navy ship at the same time 舷炮齐射
n. 舷侧；较宽的一面
 - shipboard
adv. 侧面地；胡乱地
 - random, wild

Word: canister
Front: canister
[ˈkænɪstə(r)] (11129/20642 -1)
Vocabulary: canister
(once / 4573 pages)
n
A canister is a small container with a lid, often made of metal. You might keep a canister of sugar in your kitchen next to a canister of tea.
Typically, a canister is round and has a fitted lid — while kitchen canisters are usually metal, the canisters that hold a roll of camera film are made of plastic. In the 15th century, the word meant "basket," from the Latin canistrum, "wicker basket," with its Greek root kanystron, "basket made of reeds." The meaning of canister probably changed to "metal container" because of the word can.
WORD FAMILY
canister: canisters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan is to inject the liquid radioactive waste so that it coats the tiny particles that would ultimately be sealed in stainless-steel canisters.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Young men waved their 100-bolivar bills in the air and chanted “They’re useless,” then turned and ran as police fired tear gas canisters.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Marsh drove to an Army-surplus store and bought a knife, a canister of Mace and a fire extinguisher.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （通常为金属的）小罐（装茶叶、咖啡等）; 霰弹筒; 滤毒罐
分布：罐(68%)，筒(22%)，防毒面具的滤毒罐(7%)，霰弹筒(3%)
→词源同can, cane.
US [-stɚ] noun countable
■a metal, usually cylindrical, container for gases or dry things 霰弹筒；金属罐
• The police fired tear gas canisters into the crowd. 员警向人群施放催泪弹。
n. 筒；（放咖啡，茶叶，烟等的） [包装] 小罐；防毒面具的滤毒罐
 - cannikin, canakin

Word: claret
Front: claret
[ˈklærət] (27173/15192 -1)
Back: n. 红葡萄酒; 深红色; 〈美俚〉血
adj. 深红色的
分布：深紫红色(67%)，深紫红色的(33%)
→来自clar-,清晰的，词源同clear.因这种酒清冽的颜色而得名。
US ['kler-] noun
countable or uncountable
■red wine made in the region near Bordeaux in France （法国波尔多地区的）干红葡萄酒
uncountable
■a colour that is between dark red and purple 暗紫红色
n. 红葡萄酒；深紫红色
 - Cabernet, red wine

Word: cleanly
Front: cleanly
[ˈkli:nli] (16267/18522)
Back: adv. 整齐地，有规则地; 干净利落地
adj. <正>讲究清洁的，爱干净的
分布：干净地(52%)，利落地(25%)，清洁地(11%)，清洁的(9%)，爱干净的(3%)
adverb
HONESTLY 诚实地
■fairly and honestly 公正诚实地；清白地
• The election campaign was not conducted very cleanly. 竞选活动搞得有点不清不白。
['kli:n.li] adverb
NOT ROUGHLY 整齐地
■with smooth straight edges 整齐地
• The plate broke cleanly in half. 碟子整齐地碎成了两半。
['kli:n.li] adverb
EQUALLY 相等地
■equally 相等地
• Opinions were split cleanly between men and women. 男女意见相左，人数对等。
adv. 干净地；清洁地
 - purely, immaculately
adj. 干净的；爱清洁的
 - kosher

Word: convertibility
Front: convertibility
[kənˌvɜ:tə'bɪlɪtɪ] (29727/28821)
Back: n. 可改变性，可变化性; 兑换
分布：可兑换(90%)，可变换(7%)，可改变(3%)

Word: corrugated
Front: corrugated
[ˈkɒrəgeɪtɪd] (宝 14635/14387 -1)
Vocabulary: corrugated
(once / 5373 pages)
adj
Corrugated means molded into tight ridges and valleys. You've probably seen corrugated cardboard, or corrugated metal roofs.
Materials are put into a corrugated shape to ensure elasticity and strength––cardboard boxes hold their shape because the cardboard is reinforced with a corrugated layer inside the two flat pieces. To remember corrugated, think about corduroy pants––which also have ridges and valleys. If you're lucky enough to have had ribbon candy, that's corrugated as well.
WORD FAMILY
corrugate: corrugated, corrugates, corrugating, corrugation+/corrugation: corrugations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 25-year-old victim fell through the corrugated plastic ceiling of a kitchen annexe in a basement flat on Charles Road on New Year's Day.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Metal girders and the corrugated iron roof crashed onto worshippers as the structure collapsed.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Metal girders crashed and the corrugated iron roof caved in.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 波纹的; 缩成皱纹的; 波纹面的; 波纹状的
v. （使某物）起皱褶(corrugate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：缩成皱纹的(75%)，使起波状的(25%)
→cor-, 强调。-rug, 皱，波纹。
【反】smooth（adj 平滑的）
US ['kɔ:r.ə.geɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■(especially of sheets of iron or cardboard) having parallel rows of folds which look like a series of waves when seen from the edge （尤指铁板或纸板）波纹状的，有瓦楞的
• The roof is made from sheets of corrugated iron. 建造屋顶使用的材料是有波纹的铁板。
adj. 波纹的；缩成皱纹的；有瓦楞的
 - damascene

Word: coolness
Front: coolness
[ˈku:lnəs] (15918/19717)
Back: n. 冷静; 凉快; 冷淡; 厚颜无耻
分布：冷(47%)，冷静(27%)，凉爽(26%)
noun uncountable
CALM 冷静
■the ablility to stay calm and act in a reasonable way even in difficult situations 冷静，镇静，沉着
• Her coolness in an emergency was admirable. 她在危急关头表现出的冷静沉着令人钦佩。
['ku:l.nəs] noun uncountable
UNFRIENDLINESS 冷漠
■behaviour that shows no warm feelings and friendliness 冷淡；冷漠
• I noticed a certain coolness between your parents. 我注意到你父母彼此间有些冷漠。
['ku:l.nəs] noun uncountable
COLD 寒冷
■the quality of being slightly cold 凉意；凉快
• There's a slight coolness in the air - do you think it's going to rain? 空气中有一丝凉意——你觉得会下雨吗？
n. 冷；凉爽；冷静
 - calmness, tied down

Word: eventuality
Front: eventuality
[ɪˌventʃuˈæləti] (22098/13801 -1)
Vocabulary: eventuality
(once / 9842 pages)
n
An eventuality is an event that just might happen in the future. For example, I store fresh drinking water in the basement to be prepared for several eventualities.
You can see the word "event" at the beginning of eventuality. Use that as a clue to remember that an eventuality is an event that might happen — eventually. Winning the lottery, a Mars landing, finding a cure for cancer, nuclear war: these are just some of the eventualities for which we should either get ready or try to prevent. What do you think are some of the eventualities for which the team should prepare? Tripping, falling, and landing on your butt are all eventualities for which the odds will increase during the ice storm.
WORD FAMILY
eventuality: eventualities+/ eventual: eventuality, eventually
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there’s anything that Mr. Trump proved this past year, it’s that something that led to a certain eventuality yesterday won’t necessarily do so tomorrow.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
I felt I was prepared for every eventuality.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
These are customers, in other words, who wish to be prepared for all eventualities.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <正>可能发生的事情（尤指坏事情）; 偶然性; 不测事件
分布：可能发生的事(67%)，不测的事(33%)
不测事件(eventual+ity)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable
■something unpleasant or unexpected that might happen or exist in the future （指令人不快或意料之外的）可能发生的事件；可能出现的结果
• We've tried to anticipate the most likely problems, but it's impossible to be prepared for all eventualities/ every eventuality. 我们已尽力去预测最可能出现的问题，但是要对所有可能出现的情况做到有备无患是不可能的。
• I'm looking for a travel insurance policy that will cover me for any eventuality. 我正在找一种能够承保旅行时发生任何意外的保险。
n. 可能性；可能发生的事；不测的事
 - possibility, probability, feasibility, potential, maybe

Word: diseased
Front: diseased
[dɪˈzi:zd] (13972/15365 -1)
Back: adj. 患病的; 有弊病的; [植]有病害的; 不健全的
v. 使生病(disease的过去分词); 传染
分布：病态的(43%)，害病的(23%)，不健全的(23%)，动词disease的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
adjective
■suffering from a disease 患病的
• a diseased lung/kidney 患病的肺／肾
• diseased brain tissue 发生病变的脑组织
• Farmers were dumping or burying the diseased carcasses. 农民在倾倒或掩埋病死牲畜的尸体。
• The bush looked badly diseased, with black marks on all the leaves. 看起来这片灌木已饱受病害之苦，叶子上都出现了黑斑。
• a diseased mind/imagination 病态的想法／想像
• a diseased society 病态的社会
adj. 不健全的；患病的；病态的
 - suffering, sick
v. 使生病；传染（disease的过去分词）
 - infected

Word: disunite
Front: disunite
[ˌdɪsjuˈnaɪt] (托)
Back: v. 不和，使分离，变得分离
时态：disunited, disuniting, disunites
分布：使分离(84%)，使不和(16%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-unite, 统一。
分离;分裂(dis分开+unite→团结的分开→分裂)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
verb transitive
■to cause people to disagree so much that they can no longer work together effectively 使分裂，使纷争，离间
• A publicly disunited party stands little chance of winning the election. 公开分裂的政党在选举中几乎不可能获胜。
vt. 不和；使分离
 - separate, split, divorce
vi. 分散；分离；变得分离
 - spread around, spread about

Word: foible
Front: foible
[ˈfɔɪbl] (宝 20420/21137)
Vocabulary: foible
(once / 3422 pages)
1n 2n
If you repeat foible out loud enough times, it sounds so funny that you can laugh at it and maybe remember to laugh at the odd and distinctive weaknesses of others — the foible or two or a hundred that we all have.
Sometimes a foible helps make a person who they are, even if the foible, or weakness ("feeble" is a close relative), is a little odd. Synonyms for foible in a negative sense are "failing," "shortcoming," and in a more positive sense "quirk," "eccentricity." It can likewise be annoying or endearing. Most people have a foible, or idiosyncrasy, that stands out to others, but interestingly, a person rarely sees his or her own characteristic foible.
WORD FAMILY
foible: foibles
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’m happy to share my personal foibles and answer questions about my life.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Exploiting human foibles for the better probably isn’t what they mean, but maybe it should be.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
His mother, who sewed clothing from flour sacks, was a keen observer of human foibles, and he credited her for instilling a knack for psychology.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 小缺点，小癖好
分布：小缺点(67%)，小毛病(33%)
→来自feeble的法语拼写变体，用来指弱点，小缺点。
【记】foible是你身上的feeble（adj 虚弱的；薄弱的）之处
noun countable usually plural
■a strange habit or characteristic that is seen as not important and not harming anyone （无伤大雅的）怪癖，小毛病，小缺点
• We all have our little foibles. 我们都有自己的小毛病。
n. 弱点；小缺点；癖好
 - weakness, tendency

Word: firestone

Word: fluffy
Front: fluffy
[ˈflʌfi] (托宝 10139/14073 -1)
Vocabulary: fluffy
(once / 3474 pages)
adj
Things that are soft and airy look and feel fluffy. Down comforters, buttermilk pancakes, certain cats, and big snowflakes are all fluffy.
Many things that are fluffy give comfort, like the soft pillows on your bed. But sometimes fluffy is a put-down. News programs that tell you everything about celebrities and nothing about important events are fluffy. So are silly, pointless conversations — which, like favorite pillows, are sometimes exactly what you need.
WORD FAMILY
fluffy: fluffier, fluffiest, fluffily, fluffiness+/ fluff: fluffed, fluffing, fluffs, fluffy
USAGE EXAMPLES
You break off a piece of the meat, top it with a bit of the salty greens, and tuck it into a fluffy bun.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This year’s most overhyped trend is a wholesome Danish concept of cosiness, used to sell everything from fluffy socks to vegan shepherd’s pie.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
The braised mushrooms on fluffy spoonbread, kind of a Southern corn soufflé, would pass muster at any Charleston dinner party.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 松软的，毛茸茸的; 轻柔的; 无聊的，琐碎的; 肤浅的
级别：fluffier, fluffiest
分布：蓬松的(70%)，毛绒绒的(23%)，空洞的(7%)
【记】fluff（n 软毛；绒毛；无价值的东西）读：腐烂费－由于购买的食物长毛了，要向商家所取腐烂费！
adjective
■soft and woolly or like fur 毛茸茸的；覆有绒毛的
• fluffy toys 毛绒玩具
■light and full of air 松软的；蓬松的
• Beat the eggs and sugar together until they are pale and fluffy. 搅打鸡蛋和糖直到其颜色变浅且松软为止。
adj. 蓬松的；松软的；毛茸茸的；无内容的
 - shaggy, towheaded

Word: generalisation

Word: graphical
Front: graphical
[ˈgræfɪkl] (16927/7466)
Back: adj. 绘成图画似的，绘画的
分布：图解的(45%)，生动的(33%)，绘图的(22%)
ADJ
图（表）的；用图（表）表示的
A graphical representation of something uses graphs or similar images to represent statistics or figures.
例：A graphical representation of results is shown in figure 1.结果以图表形式呈现在图1中。
例：...a graphical map of Britain showing the party gains in each area.以图表标注该政党在各区获得选票情况的英国地图
adj. 图解的；绘画的；生动的
 - telling, live, vivid

Word: heartily
Front: heartily
[ˈhɑ:tɪli] (16369/14496)
Back: adv. 尽情地; 强烈地; 坚定地; 极为
分布：衷心地(51%)，热心地(25%)，彻底地(12%)，打心眼里(12%)
US ['hɑ:r.tˌɪ-] adverb
ENTHUSIASTIC 热情地
■enthusiastically, energetically and often loudly 热情地；精力充沛地
• She laughed heartily at the joke. 那个笑话把她逗得开怀大笑。
UK ['hɑ:.tɪ.li] US ['hɑ:r.tˌɪ-] adverb
LARGE 大
■completely or very much 完全地；非常地
• I am heartily sick of the whole situation. 整件事让我厌恶至极。
adv. 衷心地；热忱地；痛快地
 - feelingly, spicily

Word: idyllic
Front: idyllic
[ɪˈdɪlɪk] (托 13828/13847 -1)
Vocabulary: idyllic
(once / 4909 pages)
adj
A week at the beach that goes perfectly is an idyllic vacation. Idyllic means so wonderful it seems almost magical.
Are you having an idyllic childhood? You may not think so now, but in your old age, you may remember your days as a youngster as simple and carefree. The clear, blue water of the Caribbean Sea, the beautiful village perched on a cliffside, the sunny grassy field of wildflowers, these are all Idylls — simple peaceful scenes — that you may or may not find idyllic.
WORD FAMILY
idyllic: idyllically, idyllicly+/ idyll: idyllic, idylls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s idyllic estate, is a few miles in the other direction.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
In the "idyllic" 50's, I was never raised to believe I should do "better" than my parents or anyone else.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Her childhood, spent on the edge of an industrial estate, was far from idyllic.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 田园诗般的; 牧歌的; 质朴宜人的; 平和欢畅的
分布：田园诗的(74%)，田园的(26%)
→来自idyll,田园的，引申词义美好的。
adjective
■An idyllic place or experience is extremely pleasant, beautiful or peaceful 田园诗般的，田园风光的，恬静的
• an idyllic childhood/summer 恬静愉快的童年／诗情画意的夏天
• an idyllic village in the Yorkshire Dales 约克郡山谷国家公园中间适恬静的村庄
adj. 牧歌的，田园诗的
 - bucolic

Word: heater
Front: heater
[ˈhi:tə(r)] (六雅 8719/6686 -1)
Back: n. 加热器，炉子; 加热的人; <美俚>手枪; <美俚>雪茄烟
分布：加热器(94%)，火炉(4%)，加热之人(2%)
加热器(heat加热)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a device which produces heat 加热器；暖气机（暖炉）
• a gas/electric heater 煤气炉／电加热器
n. [建] 加热器；加热工
 - warmer, heating appliance

Word: impulsive
Front: impulsive
[ɪmˈpʌlsɪv] (托宝 13349/15324 -1)
Vocabulary: impulsive
(once / 821 pages)
1adj 2adj
If someone is impulsive, it means that they act on instinct, without thinking decisions through. If you worked for an entire year to save money for a car and then suddenly decided to spend it all on an outfit instead, that would be an impulsive purchase.
Impulses are short, quick feelings, and if someone is in the habit of acting on them, they're impulsive. When stores stock chocolate at the checkout line, they are hoping you will impulsively decide to buy it. When you call the person you have a crush on after promising yourself all day to maintain an air of dignified reserve, that's impulsive behavior. We might also call impulsive behavior whimsical or capricious.
WORD FAMILY
impulsive: impulsively, impulsiveness, impulsiver+/ impel: impelled, impellent, impeller, impelling, impels, impulsion, impulsive /impeller: impellers/impelling: impellingly/impulsion: impulsions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, markets will be driven up and down as much by Donald Trump’s impulsive tweets as by economic reality.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“This is no job for impulsive, timid or inattentive souls.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ideally, the President would never be short-tempered, impulsive, or clinically depressed.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 冲动的; 任性的; 受感情驱使的; [物]瞬动的，冲击的
分布：冲动的(90%)，任性的(10%)
→来自impulse,冲动。
冲动的(impulse+ive)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
adjective
■showing behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have 冲动的
• Don't be so impulsive - think before you act. 不要如此冲动——要三思而后行。
• an impulsive man/decision/gesture 冲动的人／决定／举动
adj. 冲动的；受感情驱使的；任性的
 - impetuous, wayward

Word: idealise
Front: idealise
[aɪ'dɪəlaɪz] (-/41697)
Back: vt. 使理想化

Word: inauspicious
Front: inauspicious
[ˌɪnɔ:ˈspɪʃəs] (27562/32994)
Vocabulary: inauspicious
(once / 10198 pages)
adj
Reaching into your hat to pull out a rabbit and instead removing a sock can seem like an inauspicious start to your magic show. Inauspicious describes something that seems unpromising or unlikely to be successful.
If it's unlucky, badly timed, or it seems to point to an unhappy outcome, it's inauspicious. A dark, stormy sky on the day of a wedding can be seen as inauspicious, and so can an awkward job interview. The opposite of inauspicious is auspicious, which means lucky or promising. Both words come from the Latin auspicium, which has to do with predicting the future by observing the flight of birds.
WORD FAMILY
inauspicious: inauspiciously, inauspiciousness+/ auspicious: auspiciously, auspiciousness, inauspicious
USAGE EXAMPLES
It all spells an inauspicious start to the year of the rooster, or chicken, according to the Asian zodiac.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But even those inauspicious moments on “Restaurant Startup” gave way to on-camera praise from a Whole Foods executive.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The “alt-right” visit to Washington DC had got off to an inauspicious start.
The Guardian(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不祥的; 凶兆的; 不幸的; 倒霉的
分布：不祥的(56%)，不吉利的(44%)
→in-,不，非，auspicious,吉祥的。
US [-ɑ:-] formal
adjective
■showing signs that something will not be successful or positive 不吉利的，不祥的
• After an inauspicious start , Scotland went on to win the match. 苏格兰队开场不顺，但后来还是赢了比赛。
adj. 不祥的；不吉的，恶运的
 - bodeful, portentous

Word: linden
Front: linden
[ˈlɪndən] (26647/35732 -1)
Back: n. 菩提树; [植]椴属
分布：菩提树(100%)
→来自lent,柔软的，词源同lime,lithe,lissome.因这种树柔软的树枝而得名。
['lɪn.dən] US
noun countable
■a lime (tree)
n. 椴；菩提树
 - banyan, bodhi tree

Word: lantern
Front: lantern
[ˈlæntən] (高研四六 8338/10101 -1)
Vocabulary: lantern
(once / 346 pages)
n
A lantern is an old-fashioned hand-held light, like the kind you might go looking for ghosts with. There are also modern ones — a lantern is any hand-held light with a see-through case. No ghosts necessary.
Some lanterns have an actual flame inside, but others are battery operated, like flashlights, but lanterns usually provide more light. There are also paper lanterns, which are fun for parties, and if you use a pumpkin you have yourself a jack o’ lantern. Lantern comes from the Latin lanterna, "lantern, lamp, or torch," and shares the Greek root lampein, "to shine," with the English word lamp.
WORD FAMILY
lantern: lanterns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Do you fancy a pyramid of raw salmon served in a lantern?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In the village of Decatur, Nebraska, a dozen people put up money when the Green Lantern Steakhouse burned down.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas produced when fuel is burned for cars, stoves, lanterns, fireplaces, furnaces, grills, and generators.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 灯笼; 灯塔; 灯罩; 灯饰
分布：灯笼(98%)，屋顶气窗(2%)
→来自希腊语lampter,火炬，词源同lamp,字母m,n音变。后用来指灯笼。
n.灯,灯笼There is a red lantern on the door.门上挂着一盏红灯笼.
US [-tɚn] noun countable
■a light inside a container which has a handle for holding it or hanging it up, or the container itself 灯笼；提灯
n. 灯笼；提灯；灯笼式天窗
 - scaldfish

Word: laziness
Front: laziness
['leɪzɪnəs] (19182/19228)
Vocabulary: laziness
(once / 2904 pages)
n
The characteristic of being idle or relaxed can be called laziness. Your laziness might keep you from taking your puppy for the long walk she needs, instead just letting her out in the yard.
There's the kind of laziness when you lie in a hammock for an hour watching the clouds, and then there's the kind when you don't get any work done all week. You might experience laziness on vacation, sleeping later than usual and lounging on the beach with a book. Sometimes laziness is the result, though, of an unwillingness to work or help someone out: "His laziness meant that I had to set the tent up all by myself!"
WORD FAMILY
laziness: lazinesses+/ lazy: lazier, laziest, lazily, laziness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My own experience is that whenever you overcome your own laziness and engage other people, you are encountering Jesus,” the cardinal says.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The first desk chairs with backrests were criticized for encouraging laziness and depravity.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
While immaturity and laziness are inextricably linked, neither is irrevocable.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 怠惰，懒散，徐缓
分布：懒惰(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
懒惰的；懒散的
If someone is lazy, they do not want to work or make any effort to do anything.
例：Lazy and incompetent police officers are letting the public down...懒惰兼无能的警官令公众失望。
例：I was too lazy to learn how to read music.我太懒，没有学识谱。
ADJ-GRADED
令人精神松弛的；令人懒洋洋的
You can use lazy to describe an activity or event in which you are very relaxed and which you do or take part in without making much effort.
例：Her latest novel is perfect for a lazy summer's afternoon reading...在慵懒的夏日午后阅读她的最新小说最合适不过了。
例：We would have a lazy lunch and then lie on the beach in the sun.我们会慵懒地吃顿午饭，然后躺在沙滩上晒太阳。
ADJ
徐徐的；缓缓的
If you describe something as lazy, you mean that it moves or flows slowly and gently.
例：...a valley of rolling farms spread out along a lazy river.山谷里的农田起伏绵延，旁边一条溪水缓缓而过
例：...the lazy, loose grace of the born athlete.这位天生的运动员悠然放松的优雅姿态
n. 怠惰；无精打采
 - sloth, listlessness

Word: lao
Front: lao
[laʊ] (-/30076)
Back: n. 老挝人，老挝语
adj. 老挝人的
分布：名词(67%)，形容词(33%)

Word: knighthood
Front: knighthood
[ˈnaɪthʊd] (28433/16125 -1)
Back: n. 骑士，爵士; 骑士（爵士）资格（地位、身份）; 骑士精神，骑士道
分布：骑士身份(100%)
→knight,骑士，-hood,抽象名词后缀。
noun countable or uncountable
■the rank of knight 骑士身份；爵士身份
n. 骑士；骑士身份
 - Cavs, ritter

Word: lionise

Word: lingerie
Front: lingerie
[ˈlænʒəri] (15123/23969 -1)
Vocabulary: lingerie
(once / 10225 pages)
n
Ladies wear lingerie as undergarments or sleepwear. When you go the department store, instead of asking, “Where do you keep the underpants?” you could say, “Will you please direct me to the lingerie department?”
The noun lingerie, pronounced "lahn-zhuh-RAY" by most Americans, comes from the French word lingerie, which means “things made of linen.” In English, lingerie has a bit of a racy connotation, because if you use this word instead of the more common underwear, you are probably talking about silk and lace — fancy underthings that aren't meant for everyday wear.
WORD FAMILY
lingerie: lingeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The original Maggie was a somewhat worldly, saucy character, a publicist for a maternity lingerie company.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
ThirdLove joins a growing number of lingerie lines that are reinvigorating an otherwise staid market.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Here’s a look at six former wing-holders who continued down the lingerie path.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 女用贴身内衣裤; [古语]亚麻布制品
分布：女用内衣(100%)
→来自拉丁语linum,亚麻，麻布，词源同linen.原指麻布衣服，词义几经辗转，最后固定指女内衣。
US [ˌlɑ:n.ʒə'reɪ] noun uncountable
■women's underwear 女式内衣

Word: nobble
Front: nobble
[ˈnɒbl] (-/34620)
Back: vt. （暗中破坏）使其不能取胜，诈骗
时态：nobbled, nobbling, nobbles
分布：以不正当手段获得(34%)，以非法手段影响(33%)，逮捕(33%)
US ['nɑ:-] UK slang
verb transitive
CAUSE TO FAIL 使失败
■to make something fail, especially to make a horse in a race fail by giving it drugs （尤指给赛马服用药物）使不能获胜
UK ['nɒb.l] US ['nɑ:-] UK slang
verb transitive
PERSUADE 说服
■to persuade someone to do what you want them to do, especially by using money or threats 说服；（尤指）收买，骗取
• The jury who convicted him were suspected of being nobbled. 判他有罪的陪审团怀疑为被人收买。
UK ['nɒb.l] US ['nɑ:-] UK slang
verb transitive
CATCH ATTENTION 引起注意
■to intentionally catch the attention of someone so that you can talk to them 故意引起（某人的）注意
• He nobbled her in the corridor to sign the invoice. 他在走廊上哄骗她在发票上签字。
vt. 诈骗；赛马前用毒药等使马不能获胜
 - linken, con game

Word: metamorphosis
Front: metamorphosis
[ˌmetəˈmɔ:fəsɪs] (14465/19821)
Vocabulary: metamorphosis
(once / 2173 pages)
n
In Kafka's novel entitled Metamorphosis, a man wakes up to find he has turned into a cockroach. That kind of complete and startling change pretty much sums up the word.
When a caterpillar becomes a butterfly, it goes through a metamorphosis. An idea can undergo metamorphosis, or metamorphosize, too as can feelings. After you spend a full summer with your grandmother, your feelings about the woman may undergo a complete metamorphosis. While you were once afraid of the old woman, you now love her dearly.
WORD FAMILY
metamorphosis: metamorphic, metamorphoses+/ metamorphic: metamorphism, nonmetamorphic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Armenti checked the Oxford English Dictionary, which traced the word back to lines from Arthur Golding’s 1565 translation from Latin of Ovid’s ‘Metamorphoses’:
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He was an important transitional figure in the metamorphosis of television parenting, from the one-size-fits-all version of early TV to the wide variety of today.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The specimen then go into a state of metamorphosis.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 变形（尤指从蛹变为昆虫）; （性格、环境等的）改变
分布：变形(65%)，变质(25%)，转变(10%)
→meta-,改变，-morph,形状，词源同form.- osis,表状态。
变形;蜕变(meta变+morph+osis→变形状)[morph=form,shape,表示"形状"]
【反】continuation without change（持续不变）
US [ˌmetˌ.ə'mɔ:r-] noun (plural metamorphoses)
countable
■a complete change 彻底的变化
• Under the new editor, the magazine has undergone a metamorphosis. 在新主编的领导下，这本杂志彻底改头换面了。
uncountable specialized
■the process by which the young form of insects and some animals, such as frogs , develops into the adult form 变态，蜕变
n. 变形；变质
 - deformation, transformation, distortion, decomposition

Word: magnetism
Front: magnetism
[ˈmægnətɪzəm] (六托 17795/15772)
Vocabulary: magnetism
(once / 1741 pages)
n
Magnetism is the power to attract. It refers to the attraction to iron and other metals in electric currents and magnets, or to the other kind of attraction — where people want to be close to each other.
Different kinds of magnetism cause some magnets to attract, while others repel. Magnetism can also be called a magnetic force or magnetic attraction. Chemistry and earth science are two classes you might learn about magnetism in. Outside of the classroom, magnetism can be the force of attraction between people — if you have animal magnetism, don’t worry, a giraffe isn’t going to stick to you, but watch out for people with lovey eyes.
WORD FAMILY
magnetism: magnetisms+/demagnetise: demagnetisation, demagnetised, demagnetising/demagnetize: demagnetization, demagnetized, demagnetizes, demagnetizing/ magnet: magnetic, magnetise, magnetize, magnets/ magnetic: magnetically, magnetism, nonmagnetic/magnetise: demagnetise, magnetisation, magnetised, magnetises, magnetising/magnetize: demagnetize, magnetization, magnetized, magnetizes, magnetizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The magnetism of the shuttle even enticed Donald Trump into the airline business for a few years starting in 1989.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Isn’t an absence of authenticity even less appealing than an absence of magnetism?
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Maxwell discovered that electricity and magnetism were linked, but he erroneously believed light waves were vibrations in an invisible “aether”.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 磁性，磁力; 磁学; 吸引力; 催眠术
分布：磁性(69%)，磁学(22%)，吸引力(9%)
→magnet,磁石，-ism,主义，思想。比喻用法。
磁学,磁性(magnet磁铁)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [-tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
ATTRACTIVE QUALITY 吸引力
■a quality that makes someone very attractive to other people 吸引力，魅力
• The actress has a personal magnetism that is rare in someone so young. 这名女演员有种独特的个人魅力，在这么年轻的演员中很罕见。
UK ['mæg.nə.tɪ.zəm] US [-tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
OBJECT 物体
■the power of being able to attract iron and steel objects and also push them away 磁性，磁力（能够吸引铁和钢制物品，同时也可以排斥之的力量）
n. 磁性，磁力； [电磁] 磁学；吸引力
 - appeal, charm

Word: megabit
Front: megabit
[ˈmegəbɪt] None
Back: n. 百万位，兆位
→mega-,百万，兆，bit,比特。

Word: oneself
Front: oneself
[wʌnˈself] (中高研四 7598/7141 -1)
Back: pron. 自己，自身; 亲自，自行; 其; 亲手
分布：自己(95%)，自身(5%)
pron.[反身代词]自己;亲自,本人He is beside himself with joy.他欢喜得发狂.
[ˌwʌn'self] formal
pronoun
 ADVANCED
■the reflexive form of the pronoun 'one' when it refers to people in general or to the person speaking （代词 one 的反身代词）自己，自身
• One has to learn to control oneself. 人要学会控制自己。

Word: palazzo

Word: okay
Front: okay
[ˌəuˈkei] (研四 1642/957 -4)
Back: n. 认可，同意
v. 赞成或同意; 批准
int. 行，用以表达准许或同意之意
adj. 可以，不错
时态：okayed, okaying, okays
分布：可以(45%)，好的(23%)，行(22%)，同意(10%)
a.(okey,OK,O.K.)好,行,不错n.同意That's O.K.那是没问题的..
ADJ
（表示令人满意或可以接受）不错的，可以的
If you say that something is okay, you find it satisfactory or acceptable.
例：...a shooting range where it's OK to use weapons...可以使用武器的射击场
例：Is it okay if I come by myself?...我一个人来行吗？
ADJ
（人）安全的，健康的，无恙的
If you say that someone is okay, you mean that they are safe and well.
例：Check that the baby's okay...看看孩子是否还好。
例：'Don't worry about me,' I said. 'I'll be okay.'“别担心我，”我说，“我不会有事的。”
CONVENTION
（表示同意）好的
You can say 'Okay' to show that you agree to something.
例：'Just tell him Sir Kenneth would like to talk to him.' — 'OK.'...“就跟他说肯尼思爵士想跟他谈谈。”——“好的。”
例：'Shall I give you a ring on Friday?' — 'Yeah okay.'“我星期五给你打电话好吗？”——“好的。”
CONVENTION
（询问对方是否领会或同意）好吗，行吗，明白吗
You can say 'Okay?' to check whether the person you are talking to understands what you have said and accepts it.
例：Add them together, divide by five, and you've got the average. Okay?...把它们相加再除以5就是平均数，明白吗？
例：We'll get together next week, OK?我们下周聚一聚，好吗？
CONVENTION
（表示希望转换话题或做别的事情）好了
You can use okay to indicate that you want to start talking about something else or doing something else.
例：OK. Now, let's talk some business...好了，我们现在言归正传吧。
例：Tim jumped to his feet. 'Okay, let's go.'蒂姆一跃而起，“好了，我们走吧。”
CONVENTION
（不情愿地表示接受对方观点以制止其争辩）得了，行了
You can use okay to stop someone arguing with you by showing that you accept the point they are making, though you do not necessarily regard it as very important.
例：Okay, there is a slight difference...行了，是略有不同。
例：Okay, so I'm forty-two.得了，我就算42岁吧。
VERB
批准；同意；允许
If someone in authority okays something, they officially agree to it or allow it to happen.
例：His doctor wouldn't OK the trip...医生不会同意他去旅行。
例：We are all wondering why the government is suddenly okaying a brand new school on the island.我们都很疑惑为什么政府突然批准在岛上建一所新学校。
adv. 可以；对；很好地
 - well, fine
adj. 可以；对；不错
 - error-free
n. 同意，批准
 - agreement, yes, Ok, confirmation, leave
int. 好；行
 - ok, zowie

Word: pear
Front: pear
[peə(r)] (中高研四六 6857/8976 -1)
Back: n. 梨（树）; 梨树
分布：梨树(63%)，梨子(37%)
→来自古英语pere,来自拉丁语pira,梨，pirum的复数形式。
n.梨子,梨树She swears to wear the pearls that appear to be pears.她发誓要戴那些看起来像梨子的珍珠.
US [per] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a sweet fruit with a lot of juice and a green skin which has a round base and is slightly pointed towards the stem 梨

Word: perishable
Front: perishable
[ˈperɪʃəbl] (托雅宝 20600/20302)
Vocabulary: perishable
(once / 1705 pages)
adjn
Something perishable is likely to die or decay. A perishable is also a type of food with a limited shelf life if it's not refrigerated.
Since perishing is dying, anything perishable could die or is likely to die. Unfortunately, people are perishable and most things in the world are too. Nothing lasts forever. A perishable is also a type of food that will go bad quickly if you leave it out of the fridge. Milk is a perishable, and so are yogurt and ice cream. Whether you're talking about a perishable or something perishable, this word refers to something that just won't last.
WORD FAMILY
perishable: imperishable, perishability, perishableness, perishables, perishably+/ imperishable: imperishability, imperishableness, imperishably/ perish: perishable, perished, perisher, perishes, perishing/perisher: perishers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ultimately, the brain—like the muscles, joints, skin and every other part of our eminently perishable bodies—does start to falter.
Time(Nov 04, 2016)
Grocery sales represent about 20 percent of Target’s total business, but it has seen disappointing results from perishables like fruits and vegetables.
Seattle Times(Nov 04, 2016)
It said the locations would include walk-in stores where customers can buy perishables.
Washington Post(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 易腐烂的; 易腐败的; 易毁灭的; 易消亡的
n. 容易腐坏的东西（尤指食品）
分布：易腐烂的(79%)，会枯萎的(14%)，会死的(7%)
→比喻用法。
adjective
■describes food that decays quickly （食物）易腐烂的，易变质的
• It's important to store perishable food in a cool place. 一定要把易变坏的食物存放在阴凉的地方。

Word: preparedness
Front: preparedness
[prɪˈpeərɪdnəs] (12853/20436)
Back: n. 有准备，已准备
分布：名词(100%)
US [-'perd-] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■when you are prepared for a particular situation 准备状态，预备状态
• The army is in a state of preparedness for war. 军队已进入战备状态。
n. 准备；有准备
 - preliminary, arrangement, provision

Word: predilection
Front: predilection
[ˌpri:dɪˈlekʃn] (宝 18504/18823)
Vocabulary: predilection
(once / 2974 pages)
n
A predilection is a preference for or bias toward something. If you have a predilection for wool clothing, you should take up knitting.
Predilection is based on the Latin verb praediligere, or "prefer before others," which breaks down to prae, before, and diligere, "choose or love." We often use the word predilection for tendencies that people seem to have been born with, also called predispositions. If you're a night owl, you probably have a predilection for cities, while morning people tend to prefer the country.
WORD FAMILY
predilection: predilections
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project bakes into Arena’s schedule a predilection of Smith’s for offerings that exist on the edge of current affairs.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
"Yura always sought unusual methods in everything, he had a predilection for unorthodox solutions... This is a very heavy loss."
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
On his personal website, Oakley bills himself as having a predilection for “healthy options with savory and delicious flavors.”
New York Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 偏爱，偏好，嗜好
分布：偏好(92%)，袒护(8%)
→pre-,在前，di-,分开，-lect,选择，词源同collect.即先选出来的，引申词义喜爱，偏爱。
【记】pre前，dilect喜爱，ion－偏好pre前，di，lect选择，ion－提前选择出好的东西－偏好
【参】delectable（adj 使人愉快的；美味的）；predisposition（n 倾向）；predominant（adj 卓越的）；predominate（v 掌握；控制）
【反】propensity to dislike（厌恶的倾向）
US [ˌpred.əl'ek-] slightly formal
noun countable
■a strong liking 偏爱，偏好
• Ever since she was a child, she has had a predilection for spicy food. 从孩提时起，她就偏好辛辣食物。
n. 偏爱，嗜好
 - weakness, preference, habit, favour, appetite

Word: priesthood
Front: priesthood
[ˈpri:sthʊd] (12754/15198 -1)
Back: n. 祭司职; 神职
分布：神职(43%)，祭司职(39%)，僧职(18%)
N-UNCOUNT
教士（或神父、牧师、司铎）的职位；担任神职的时期
Priesthood is the position of being a priest or the period of time during which someone is a priest.
例：...the early rites of priesthood...早期的教士就职仪式
例：He spent the first twenty-five years of his priesthood as an academic.他当教士的头25年都在做研究学者。
N-SING
（尤指某个基督教派的）全体教士，全体神职人员，司祭团
The priesthood is all the members of the Christian clergy, especially in a particular Church.
例：Should the General Synod vote women into the priesthood?教会总会应该投票让女性担任教士吗？

Word: prospector
Front: prospector
[prəˈspektə(r)] (托 17974/25889)
Vocabulary: prospector
(once / 2987 pages)
n
A prospector is someone looking for mineral deposits. Prospectors are usually after gold.
A prospector is a type of explorer, but one with a specific purpose: prospectors are after mineral deposits. Mineral deposits are found in the ground, so prospectors will commonly be looking down. They also use various tools—such as axes and metal detectors—to find the minerals they're after. Since gold is the most valuable mineral, it's long been the number one priority of prospectors. A prospector who finds gold could become rich.
WORD FAMILY
prospector: prospectors+/ prospect: prospected, prospecting, prospector, prospects
USAGE EXAMPLES
One survivor later fashioned a gun sight from a hunk of silver; this engendered the legend of the Gunsight Lode, which prospectors pursued for decades.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
“Folks say there’s a cabin of an old-time gold prospector up there still exactly as he left it. Nothing’s been moved.”
The Guardian(Nov 05, 2016)
Matthew McConaughey plays a prospector who teams with a geologist to hunt for treasure in the untamed jungles of Indonesia.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 勘探者，探矿者
分布：探矿者(100%)
→来自prospect,勘探。
N-VAR
可能性；希望
If there is some prospect of something happening, there is a possibility that it will happen.
例：Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered...不幸的是，几乎不可能看到这些重大问题得到回复。
例：The prospects for peace in the country's eight-year civil war are becoming brighter...该国经历8年内战之后重归和平的前景正逐渐变得光明。
N-SING
期望中的事；将要发生的事；预期；展望
A particular prospect is something that you expect or know is going to happen.
例：They now face the prospect of having to wear a cycling helmet by law...他们现在面临的情形是：不久将需要依法佩戴摩托车头盔。
例：After supper he'd put his feet up and read. It was a pleasant prospect.晚饭后，他会架起脚来看书。想起来就让人愉快。
N-PLURAL
（尤指事业的）成功机会，前景，前途
Someone's prospects are their chances of being successful, especially in their career.
例：I chose to work abroad to improve my career prospects.我选择出国工作以求在事业上有更好的发展。
例：...a detailed review of the company's prospects.对该公司前景的详细考查
VERB
勘探；勘察
When people prospect for oil, gold, or some other valuable substance, they look for it in the ground or under the sea.
例：He had prospected for minerals everywhere from the Gobi Desert to the Transvaal...他已在从戈壁沙漠到德兰士瓦的无数地方勘探过矿藏。
例：In fact, the oil companies are already prospecting not far from here.事实上，石油公司已经在离此不远处进行勘探。

Word: prometheus
Front: prometheus
[prəu'mi:θju:s; -θiəs] (-/37407)
Back: abbr. Programme for European Traffic with Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety 具有最高效率和空前安全性的欧洲交通计划
分布：名词(100%)

Word: rockies

Word: rut
Front: rut
[rʌt] (研 11310/14763 -1)
Vocabulary: rut
(once / 2095 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
A rut is a groove in the earth, like an indent caused by wheels. It's also a boring routine that can be hard to break. If you’re stuck in a rut, you’ve been doing the same old thing for too long.
If you see a groove in the ground, especially one caused by a bike or car, that's a rut. If a rut is deep enough, you could get stuck in it, which may be why the word has another meaning. If your life has become boring, stale, and monotonous, you're in a rut. Someone who works the same job for decades may feel like they're in a rut and need to make a change.
WORD FAMILY
rut: ruts, rutted, rutting, ruttish, rutty+/rutty: ruttier, ruttiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once through the rutted parking lot and inside the clubhouse, there’s no pro shop, few furnishings, no local club professional and no restaurant.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Pazienza outpointed Duran over 12 gruelling rounds - watching the fight back is like watching two rutting rams - before beating him again the following year.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Journalists may thrive on news — by definition, the unexpected or novel — but they’re terrible at getting out of their own comfortable ruts.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 车辙; 发情期; 老一套，惯例
vt. 犁
vi. 处于发情发动期
时态：rutted, rutting, ruts
分布：车辙(34%)，发情(24%)，常规(17%)，凹痕(6%)，处于发情期(5%)，槽(5%)，耕犁(5%)，形成车辙(2%)，陈旧不变的一套(2%)
→可能缩写自法语 route,路，道路，词源同 route.引申词义车辙。rut 动物发情
noun
HOLE 孔
countable
■a deep narrow mark made in soft ground especially by a wheel （在松软地面上压出的）沟，凹痕；（尤指）车辙
[rʌt] noun
SEXUALLY ACTIVE PERIOD 性欲旺盛期
only singular
■the period of the year during which particular male animals, especially deer and sheep, are sexually active （尤指雄鹿、公羊等的）发情期
• During the rut, stags can be seen fighting for females. 在发情期，可以看到雄鹿为了争夺雌鹿而争斗。
in rut
■(of particular male animals) sexually excited （雄性动物）发情
[rʌt] noun
in a rut
■If a person, organization, etc. is in a rut, they have become too fixed in one particular type of job, activity, method, etc （工作、方法等）刻板乏味，墨守成规，一成不变
• I've got to change jobs - after 15 years here I feel I'm (stuck) in a rut (= I'm bored). 我要换个工作了——在这里呆了15年，我感觉刻板乏味极了。
n. [动] 发情期；惯例；性冲动； [建] 凹槽
 - tradition, convention, usage

Word: retell
Front: retell
[ˌri:ˈtel] (中高四六 19549/34354)
Back: vt. （以不同的方式或语言）复述，重述
时态：retold, retelling, retells
分布：复述(87%)，再讲(13%)
→re-,再，重新，tell,告诉。
vt. 复述；再讲；重述
 - read back, repeat back

Word: salivate
Front: salivate
[ˈsælɪveɪt] (21527/34351)
Vocabulary: salivate
(once / 19188 pages)
v
To salivate is to drool, or to produce saliva. People also figuratively salivate over things they desire.
There are two related types of salivating. The first is simple: when you salivate, you produce saliva in your mouth. People salivate when they smell something delicious cooking or are hungry. You can also describe someone as salivating — metaphorically — over an attractive woman, a handsome man, an expensive car, a high-paying job, or anything else that's desirable. You can also say that people drool over these things they want, although they’re not literally drooling.
WORD FAMILY
salivate: salivated, salivates, salivating, salivation+/saliva: salivary, salivas, salivate /salivation: salivations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some frequent fliers already are salivating at the prospect.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
It would be foolish for lawmakers and the public to salivate over those while continuing to ignore the human toll.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
And I see their annual showdown becoming one to salivate for, just as it is this year.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vi. （过量地）分泌唾液
时态：salivated, salivating, salivates
分布：垂涎(100%)
→saliva,痰，唾液，-ate,使。引申词义垂涎，流口水。
['sæl.ɪ.veɪt] specialized or humorous
verb intransitive
■to produce saliva 分泌唾液；流口水
• The thought of all that delicious food made me salivate. 一想起那些美味佳肴，我就开始流口水了。
vi. 分泌唾液；流口水
 - run at the mouth

Word: remorseless
Front: remorseless
[rɪˈmɔ:sləs] (28347/20950)
Vocabulary: remorseless
(once / 2682 pages)
adj
A person who is remorseless doesn't feel any guilt. If you're remorseless, you don't feel bad at all — even if you've done something terrible.
When someone is remorseless, that person has no feeling of pity for people who have been hurt. If you're remorseless, you have no conscience — essentially, you're cruel and ruthless. A remorseless killer doesn't care about her victim, and a remorseless critic doesn't worry about hurting someone's feelings with his harsh words. Remorse is regret, and it's rooted in the Latin word remordere, "to vex or disturb," or literally, "to bite back."
WORD FAMILY
remorseless: remorselessly+/ remorse: remorseful, remorseless, remorses/ remorseful: remorsefully, unremorseful/unremorseful: unremorsefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because of his autism, they wrote, he "has often been mistakenly perceived as cold, callous, or remorseless."
US News(Oct 19, 2016)
More than one acquaintance describes Rogerson as a “psychopath” but the apparently remorseless killer has never undergone a psychiatric assessment of any depth, McNab says.
The Guardian(Oct 01, 2016)
The remorseless focus on the elite has drawbacks.
Economist(Aug 25, 2016)
Back: adj. <书>（尤指不愉快的情形）持续恶化的; 残酷的; 无情的; 无同情心的
分布：无悔意的(40%)，冷酷无情的(30%)，无慈悲的(30%)
→remorse,懊悔，自责，-less,无，没有。
US [-'mɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■severe and showing no sadness or guilt 无情的；不悔恨的；不知自责的
• remorseless cruelty/violence 残酷冷血／残暴无情
• a remorseless judge 无情的法官
■never stopping or impossible to stop 无休止的；不停的
• the hurricane's remorseless approach 势不可挡的飓风的逼近
• remorseless pressure to succeed 为求成功而时时时处于压力之下
adj. 冷酷的；不知过错的；坚持不懈的；不屈不挠的
 - tough, frozen, grim

Word: shoemaker
Front: shoemaker
[ˈʃu:meɪkə(r)] (21440/16461)
Back: n. 鞋匠
分布：鞋匠(100%)
n. 鞋匠；补鞋工人
 - souter, crispin

Word: sumptuous
Front: sumptuous
[ˈsʌmptʃuəs] (托宝 14631/14097 -1)
Vocabulary: sumptuous
(once / 1155 pages)
adj
Sumptuous could be used to describe a room appointed with the finest furniture, a lush orchestra playing a beautiful symphony, or a meal meant for a king. Sumptuous describes something that costs a lot and imparts sensory pleasure.
Sumptuous comes from the Latin sumptus which means expensive. Sumptus is related to sumere which means to consume. The word sumptuous carries both meanings with it. It is a pricey, high quality thing that's meant to be consumed or enjoyed. You wouldn't use sumptuous to describe a tractor, even if has leather seats and cost more than your house.
WORD FAMILY
sumptuous: sumptuosity, sumptuously, sumptuousness+/sumptuosity: sumptuosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a sumptuous mosaic ceiling, with marble columns and copper clay friezes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He stepped away from Wham!’s upbeat sound for “Careless Whisper,” a sumptuous, grown-up ballad issued in Britain as his first solo single.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And his sumptuous driving—the part of the game that contributes most to McIlroy’s separation from the rest—was too often more awry than accurate.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 豪华的; 奢侈的; 腆; 美奂美轮
分布：华丽的(70%)，奢侈的(30%)
→来自拉丁语 sumptus,购买的，花销的，吃喝的，过去分词格于 sumere,购买，花销，缩写自 *sub-emere,来自 sub,向下，emere,买，词源同 assume,assumption,emption.-ous,形容词后缀。 后引申词义奢华的，奢侈的。
奢侈的(sumpt+uous→[把钱]拿出去→奢侈的)[sum,sumpt=take表示"拿,取"]
豪华奢侈的(sumpt花费)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
奢侈的,豪华的[sumptu=expense(花费)]
【记】sum总数，ptuous－把所有的钱都花掉－奢侈的
【反】sober（adj 冷静的；有节制的）；sobriety（n 清醒；节制）词性不符；spartan（adj 节约的）；ascetic（adj 苦行的）；frugal（adj 节俭的）
adjective
■ luxurious and showing that you are rich 奢侈的，豪华的，奢华的
• The celebrity guests turned up dressed in sumptuous evening gowns. 名流们身着奢华的晚礼服盛装出席。
adj. 华丽的，豪华的；奢侈的
 - grand, luxury, magnificent, brave, gorgeous

Word: swahili
Front: swahili
[swɑː'hiːli] (24880/28227)
Back: n. 斯瓦希里人（语）
adj. 班图人（语）的
分布：斯瓦希里人(50%)，斯瓦希里语(50%)
n. 斯瓦希里语；斯瓦希里人
 - Kiswahili

Word: tribalism
Front: tribalism
[ˈtraɪbəlɪzəm] (25694/38512)
Back: n. 部落制，部落的特征，部落文化; 派性
分布：部落制度(52%)，部落主义(48%)
→tribal,部落的，-ism,主义，思想。
noun uncountable
■the state of existing as a tribe, or a very strong feeling of loyalty to your tribe 部落制度；部落主义；部族意识

Word: tabasco

Word: tungsten
Front: tungsten
[ˈtʌŋstən] (23758/25122)
Back: n. 钨
分布：钨(100%)
→由该金属元素发现者 18 世纪瑞典化学家 Karl Wilhelm Scheele 根据瑞典语创造出来的词，来 自 tung,重的，sten,石头，词源同 stone.
noun uncountable
■a hard metallic element 钨
• tungsten steel 钨钢
• The filaments of light bulbs are made from tungsten wire. 灯泡的灯丝是由钨丝制成。
n. [化学] 钨（一种金属元素）
 - wolframium

Word: unmarked
Front: unmarked
[ʌnˈmɑ:kt] (11741/11819 -1)
Back: adj. 没有标志的，未被注意到的
分布：未被注意的(60%)，无记号的(40%)
US [-'mɑ:rkt] adjective
■having no signs or marks showing what something is 无标志的，无记号的
• an unmarked police car 一辆无标志的警车
• She died penniless and was buried in an unmarked grave. 她死的时候身无分文，被埋在一处无名坟墓里。
adj. 无记号的；未被注意的
 - unnoticed, unobserved

Word: unbeatable
Front: unbeatable
[ʌnˈbi:təbl] (20703/19361 -1)
Back: adj. 打不垮的; 不可摧毁的
分布：无与伦比的(58%)，无敌的(30%)，竞争不过的(8%)，难以战胜的(4%)
US [-tˌə-] approving
adjective
■unable to be defeated or improved because of excellent quality 无法战胜的；不能超越的
• The 23-year-old US tennis star looks unbeatable this season. 这位23岁的美国网球明星在这个赛季似乎所向无敌。
• For good pizzas at a reasonable price they're unbeatable. 要论比萨的味道鲜美、价格公道，谁也比不上他们。
adj. 无敌的；无以伦比的
 - invincible, unrivaled

Word: umpteen
Front: umpteen
[ˌʌmpˈti:n] (34757/21366)
Back: adj. & n. <口>无数（的），许许多多（的）
分布：无数的(100%)
→改编自umpty, 原为摩斯密码的横线，因听起来如同twenty, thirty, -teen, 十。后在一战时期用于俚语几十个，不确定的许多个，大量的。
[ʌmp'ti:n] ['--] informal
determiner pronoun
■very many; a lot (of) 许多；大量
• We've been there umpteen times and she still can't remember the way. 我们已经去过那里很多次了，可她还是记不住路。
adj. 无数的；很多的
 - numerous, thousand, countless, million, plenty

Word: urbanise

Word: waterfall
Front: waterfall
[ˈwɔ:təfɔ:l] (研四六雅 8091/8035 -1)
Back: n. 瀑布; 瀑布似的东西; <美俚>（披垂的）波型长发
分布：瀑布(100%)
n.瀑布The waterproof material is suitable for the aerial used near the waterfall.这种耐水材料适合用在瀑布附近的天线.
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ.fɑ:l] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■water, especially from a river or stream, dropping from a higher to a lower point, sometimes from a great height 瀑布
n. [水文] 瀑布；瀑布似的东西
 - fall, chute

Word: vole
Front: vole
[vəʊl] (18868/17629)
Back: n. 野鼠类; 全胜; 大满贯; 孤注一掷
分布：田鼠(100%)
→缩写自vole-mouse,即field mouse.词源同wild,wolds.
US [voʊl] noun countable
■a small animal similar to a mouse with a thick body, short tail and small ears 田鼠；仓鼠
n. 大满贯；野鼠
 - Slamvan, grand slam

Word: unrestrained
Front: unrestrained
[ˌʌnrɪˈstreɪnd] (托 19357/19466)
Vocabulary: unrestrained
(once / 2465 pages)
adj
You know how your uncle Marvin is always screaming at the television when his game shows are on? That’s because he’s being unrestrained. Anyone exhibiting uncontrolled emotion is unrestrained, meaning they don’t hold back.
Unrestrained comes from the French restreinte, which means “hold back.” When something is restrained, that thing is confined in some way. Unrestrained means just the opposite. When you’re feeling unrestrained excitement, you might jump up and down, or call all your friends to tell them how you feel. The unrestrained crush you have on the guy in math class might lead you to cover your notebooks with his name written in bubble letters. It happens to the best of us.
WORD FAMILY
unrestrained: unrestrainedly+/ restrain: restrained, restrainer, restraining, restrains, restraint / restrained: restrainedly, unrestrained /restrainer: restrainers/restraining: self-restraining/ restraint: restraints, self-restraint, unrestraint
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2017 and beyond, we will be seeing cultural projects as urban projects – ones that engage with cities and their unrestrained, slightly messy, vibrancy.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The president-elect ardently advocated substantially increased defense spending, and just as ardently favors unrestrained entitlement spending.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
By encouraging the unrestrained production of natural gas, he will ensure continued low gas prices and so a depressed market for coal.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受抑制的，无拘束的，不受控制的
adv. 不受抑制地，无拘束地，不受控制地
分布：无限制的(75%)，放纵的(25%)
adjective
■not limited or controlled 不受限制（或控制）的；无节制的
• unrestrained joy/anger/criticism 纵情欢乐／怒不可遏／肆无忌惮的批评
adj. 自然的；无限制的；放纵的
 - natural, unlimited, spontaneous

Word: xiamen
Front: xiamen
[ˈʃjɑ:ˈmen] None
Back: 厦门（福建省）（旧译Amoy）

Word: anhui

Word: atoll
Front: atoll
[ˈætɒl] (23542/26987)
Vocabulary: atoll
(once / 2960 pages)
n
An atoll is an island formed by a ring-shaped coral reef encircling a lagoon. The word comes from the language of the Maldives, an island chain in the Indian Ocean famous for gorgeous beaches and coral reefs.
The word atoll appeared in English in the early 17th century, when the British and the Dutch were vying for control of Indian Ocean trade. You may have heard of Bikini Atoll, in the South Pacific — where the U.S. did extensive nuclear testing in the 1940s and 1950s. Its people were moved to neighboring atolls but haven’t been able to return because of lingering radiation. Even so, Bikini Atoll has become a destination for divers interested in WWII shipwrecks.
WORD FAMILY
atoll: atolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two flights a week from Nadi, Fiji, constitute the primary link between Kiribati’s capital and most-populated atoll, South Tarawa, and the distant outside world.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Biologists spotted the Laysan albatross called Wisdom at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge this month after she returned to the North Pacific island to nest.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Biologist Chandler Robbins, now 98, first placed an aluminum band around her ankle at the Pacific Ocean atoll in 1956, refuge officials said.
Reuters(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 环状珊瑚岛
分布：环礁(66%)，环状珊瑚岛(34%)
→来自马来语，由达尔文引入英语。
US [-ɑ:l] noun countable
■a ring-shaped island formed of coral (= rock-like natural substance) which surrounds a lagoon (= area of sea water) 环状珊瑚岛，环礁
• the Bikini atoll 比基尼岛环礁

Word: atonement
Front: atonement
[ə'təʊnmənt] (16716/22941)
Vocabulary: atonement
(once / 1415 pages)
n
When you apologize for doing something wrong, that’s an act of atonement. Many religions have rituals of atonement, such as Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, on which people of the Jewish faith repent for their sins.
As a religious act, atonement is an effort to make up for wrongdoings so you can be in harmony with a higher power. Look closely at the word: you can break it down to "at," "one," and "ment." Atonement first appears in English in the 1510s, when it meant "the condition of being at one (with others)." About ten years later, the word shows up with a meaning that included “being at one with God.”
WORD FAMILY
atonement: atonements+/ atone: atoned, atonement, atones, atoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some historians worry that Mr. Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Some historians worry that Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
For Merkel, the “open door” was a grand moral gesture stemming from Germany’s ugly past – an act of historical atonement.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 弥补; 赎罪; （神与人的）调和; （常大写）（耶稣的苦难和死促成的）上帝与人的和好
分布：赎罪(88%)，弥补(8%)，和解(2%)，协调(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
赎罪；弥补；补偿
If you do something as an atonement for doing something wrong, you do it to show that you are sorry.
例：He's living in a monastery in a gesture of atonement for human rights abuses committed under his leadership...为了弥补自己当权时对人权的践踏，他以出家来谢罪。
例：True guilt is characterized by a readiness to make atonement for having done wrong.真正的内疚表现为愿意弥补所犯的过错。
n. 赎罪；补偿，弥补
 - compensation, satisfaction, offset

Word: ascension
Front: ascension
[əˈsenʃn] (17809/26234)
Vocabulary: ascension
(once / 7142 pages)
n
The word ascension describes the act of rising up through the air. When a plane takes off, it is in ascension, or rising up in the sky.
The noun ascension derives from the Latin word ascendere, meaning "to mound, ascend, go up." You may have observed the ascension, or rising, of a star above the horizon with your telescope. Watching the ascension of a space shuttle up into the earth's atmosphere can be a thrilling experience. The ascension of a hot air balloon up into the sky can be a beautiful sight on a summer's evening.
WORD FAMILY
ascension: ascensional, ascensions+/ ascend: ascendable, ascendant, ascended, ascendent, ascender, ascending, ascends, ascension, ascensive/ ascendancy: ascendancies/ ascendant: ascendance, ascendancy, ascendants/ascendency: ascendencies/ascendent: ascendence, ascendency, ascendently, ascendents/ascender: ascenders/ ascending: ascendingly, ascendings/ascensive: ascensively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second is a long status symbol that shows his ascension upward in rank through the Empire both in length and practicality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
And the second a long status symbol that shows his ascension upward in rank through the Empire both in length and practicality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
His ascension to No. 2 receiver wasn’t a big surprise and the move paid off.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 上升，升高
分布：上升(82%)，耶稣的升天(18%)
N-SING
（一些宗教中的）升天
In some religions, when someone goes to heaven, you can refer to their ascension to heaven.
例：...the crucifixion, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ.耶稣基督的受难、复活和升天
例：...the two-day holiday marking the Prophet's ascension to heaven.纪念先知穆罕默德升天的双休假日
N-SING
升迁；升职；（地位的）提高
The ascension of a person to a high rank or important position is the act of reaching this position.
例：...50 years after his ascension to the Cambodian throne.在他登上柬埔寨王位50年后
n. 上升；耶稣升天
 - rise, upgrade, raise

Word: arbor
Front: arbor
['ɑ:bə] (16473/40019)
Vocabulary: arbor
(once / 1678 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An arbor is a garden structure on which plants and vines can grow. Sitting under an arbor can help you cool off when you're strolling through a garden on a hot, sunny day.
You may have come across the word arbor in the context of a garden structure, like a trellis or pergola. However, if you've heard of the holiday known as "Arbor Day," you know that an arbor is also a tree. These two meanings come from two different roots: the wooden arch type of arbor comes from the Latin herba, "grass or herb," while the tree arbor comes directly from the Latin arbor. Simply enough, it means "tree."
WORD FAMILY
arbor: arborary, arboreal, arboreous, arborical, arborist, arborous, arbors+/ arboreal: arboreally, nonarboreal/arborist: arborists
USAGE EXAMPLES
His “Arbor Series,” at Cross MacKenzie Gallery, includes views of silhouetted pines, their branches and needles often divided among multiple frames.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In August, the Ann Arbor City Council voted 9-2 to raise the age for tobacco sales.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Ann Arbor Police Department said Wednesday the account “did not occur.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 凉亭; 树木; （机器的）心轴; （钓鱼用的）浮子
分布：乔木(62%)，凉亭(26%)，藤架(12%)
【记】读：阿伯－老阿伯喜欢乘凉－树荫
n. [植] 乔木；凉亭；藤架
 - tall tree, arber

Word: auckland
Front: auckland
['ɔ:klənd] (-/7444)
Back: n. 奥克兰（新西兰一港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: basle

Word: auntie
Front: auntie
[ˈænti:, ˈɑ:n-] (25073/7392)
Back: n. (aunt的昵称)伯母; 婶母; 姑母; 姨母
分布：阿姨(45%)，姑妈(16%)，婶婶(12%)，伯母(11%)，舅母(9%)，姨母(7%)

Word: bayreuth

Word: barton

Word: blurry
Front: blurry
[ˈblɜ:ri] (13819/33969)
Back: adj. 模糊的; 污脏的，污斑的
级别：blurrier, blurriest
分布：模糊的(95%)，失去焦距的(5%)
ADJ-GRADED
模糊的；轮廓不清楚的
A blurry shape is one that has an unclear outline.
例：...a blurry picture of a man.一位男子模糊不清的照片
adj. 模糊的；污脏的；不清楚的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague, unclear

Word: begum
Front: begum
[ˈbeɪgəm] (45091/30681)
Back: n. 穆斯林贵妇; 贵妇
分布：王后(25%)，公主(25%)，夫人(25%)，贵妇(25%)
vt. 用…涂抹；弄污
 - besmirch

Word: bookish
Front: bookish
[ˈbʊkɪʃ] (23510/34908)
Vocabulary: bookish
(once / 8609 pages)
adj
Someone bookish likes books a lot. They're either studious or always seem to be reading.
Some people don't like studying. Others like studying a lot: it seems like their head is always in a book. Someone like that can be called bookish, because they are reading books all the time. Being bookish can mean someone is studious: an honors student is likely very bookish. Being bookish can also mean someone just enjoys reading. People in a book club are definitely bookish. This is a word for devoted readers.
WORD FAMILY
bookish: bookishly, bookishness+/ book: bookable, booked, booker, booking, bookish, booklet, books/booked: unbooked/booker: bookers/booking: bookings/booklet: booklets
USAGE EXAMPLES
A bookish conservative from the Atlanta suburbs, Price has worked closely with House Speaker Ryan to assemble GOP budgets aimed at reducing the annual deficit.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
That’s encouraging to Schirmer, a bookish man with a purple scarf.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)
While university professors might be scorned as condescending eggheads, book smarts are prized when used against the bookish.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 书本上的，好学的; 书呆子
分布：书呆子的(100%)
书生气的(book书本)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
mainly disapproving
adjective
■describes someone who enjoys reading books, especially serious books 喜欢读书的；书呆子气的；学究式的
adj. 书本上的；好读书的；书呆子气的
 - deskbound

Word: biochemistry
Front: biochemistry
[ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪstri] (高托 17884/16248 -1)
Back: n. 生物化学; 生物化学成份
分布：生物化学(100%)
生物化学[bio,bi=life,表示"生命,生物"]
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of the chemistry of living things 生物化学
n. [生化] 生物化学
 - biological chemistry

Word: britannia
Front: britannia
[brɪ'tænjə] (-/12446)
Back: n. 大不列颠，大不列颠之古拉丁文名
分布：大不列颠(46%)，不列颠合金(36%)，英国的阴性拟人化称呼(18%)
n. 不列颠合金（等于Britannia metal）
 - Britannia metal

Word: citrus
Front: citrus
[ˈsɪtrəs] (8980/19560 -1)
Vocabulary: citrus
(once / 5000 pages)
n
Oranges, grapefruits, lemons, and limes: all of these are fruits that belong to the citrus family. They share similar kinds of pulp, thick rinds, and the fact that they grow well in warm climates.
If you live in Florida, then you know about citrus. Most of the country's oranges and other citrus come from Florida, with California a close second. But oranges aren't the only citrus fruits. There are lemons, limes, grapefruits, just to name just a few. You can recognize a citrus fruit by its brightly colored, thick, and peelable rind. Citrus fruits are juicy and pulpy and make for a great breakfast. Not for me, though. All the acid in citrus makes my stomach upset.
WORD FAMILY
citrus: citrous
USAGE EXAMPLES
She previously won the competition’s student division in 2014 with her citrus seared duck breast with herb goat cheese dish.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Some other things to watch in the Citrus Bowl matchup between LSU and Louisville:
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Petrino did not identify the players during a Friday news conference previewing the No. 15 Cardinals’ Citrus Bowl game against No. 19 LSU.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [植]柑橘属果树; 柠檬，柑橘
分布：柑橘属果树(75%)，柑橘属果实(25%)
→来自拉丁语citrus,橘树，柠檬树。进一步词源不详，可能来自cedar,雪松。
['sɪt.rəs] (plural citrus or citruses)
noun countable
■any of a group of plants which produce acidic (= containing acid) fruits with a lot of juice 柑橘类果树
• The field was planted with citrus trees. 土地上种着柑橘树。
• Oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit are types of citrus fruit. 柳橙、柠檬、酸柳橙和葡萄柚属于柑橘属水果。

Word: broach
Front: broach
[brəʊtʃ] (宝 15430/14673)
Vocabulary: broach
(once / 2383 pages)
1v 2n
As a verb, broach means to bring up or introduce a sensitive issue. As a noun, a broach is one of those dowdy pins your Great Aunt Edna wears. Telling her not to wear it is a subject you should probably not broach.
Let's say you want to go on vacation with a friend and you ask your dad because he is more likely to say yes. He will probably tell you that he will broach the subject with your mom and let you know. In a less common (and older) usage of broach, if you put a hole in something in order to get out what's inside you broach it. The piercing tool you use is also called a broach. Think of piercing someone with your idea the next time you broach a touchy issue.
WORD FAMILY
broach: broached, broaches, broaching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heller vocally opposed Trump during the election, even broaching the possibility that he would not vote for either major party candidate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But they did not broach the topic of Mr. Lee serving on the U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Miles and his staff decided not to broach the information at that Friday practice.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 谈起; 打开并开始用; 用凿子扩大（或修光）; （在桶上）钻孔取液体
vi. <海>（船）突然横转
n. （烤肉用的）炙叉; 胸针
时态：broached, broaching, broaches
分布：拉刀(34%)，钻孔开启(21%)，凿子(12%)，叉子(9%)，凿大(6%)，初次提起(6%)，开始商讨(6%)，烧叉肉(6%)
→来自拉丁词brocca, 针，刺。原指刺开，挑明话题。最终可能同break.
钻孔器v开瓶塞;提出问题[broch=pierce(刺,缝)]
【记】读：不如吃。不如咱们把这瓶酒吃了吧？这是提出一个主题供讨论，大家同意后就可以开瓶了。
【参】breach（n 缺口），cockroach（n 蟑螂）
【反】close off（关闭）
US [broʊtʃ] verb transitive
BEGIN 开始
■to begin a discussion of something difficult 开始讨论，提出（难题）
• At some point we've got to discuss money but I don't know quite how to broach the subject with him. 有时我们必须谈到钱，但我不知道如何向他提这个问题。
UK [brəʊtʃ] US [broʊtʃ] verb transitive
OPEN 开启 formal
■to open a bottle or barrel in order to drink its contents （为了喝容器内的饮料而）打开（瓶子、桶子）
• Shall we broach another cask of wine? 我们再开桶葡萄酒喝好吗？
UK [brəʊtʃ] US [broʊtʃ] noun countable US for brooch
vt. 提出；钻孔；开始讨论；给…开口
 - introduce, present, prefer, file, advance
n. 钻头；凿子；胸针（等于brooch）
 - cutting bit, drilling head

Word: chestnut
Front: chestnut
[ˈtʃesnʌt] (六 8866/7901 -1)
Back: n. 栗子; 栗色; 栗树; 栗色马
adj. 栗色的
分布：栗色(27%)，栗子(23%)，栗树(16%)，栗色的(15%)，栗色马(8%)，陈词滥调(5%)，七叶树(5%)，马的胼胝(1%)
→来自希腊词地名Castana, 至于树以地名还是地以树名尚存争议。nut, 坚果。比较current.
noun
countable
■a large shiny reddish-brown nut, or the tree on which the nuts grow 栗子，板栗；栗树
• A man in the street was selling bags of roast chestnuts. 街上有个人在卖袋装的炒栗子。
• a 200-year-old chestnut tree 有200年树龄的栗树
⇒ See also horse chestnut
countable
■a reddish-brown horse 栗色马；红棕马
uncountable
■a reddish-brown colour 栗色，红褐色，红棕色
['tʃest.nʌt] noun
old chestnut informal
■a subject, idea or joke which has been discussed or repeated so often that it is not funny any more 老掉牙的话题（或想法、笑话）
• I wondered whether there might, after all, be some truth in the old chestnut that one's school days are the happiest of one's life. 老话说学生时代是人生中最幸福的时光，我在想这话是否有些道理。
['tʃest.nʌt] adjective
■reddish-brown in colour 栗色的，红褐色的，红棕色的
n. 栗子；栗色； [园艺] 栗树；栗色马
 - sorrel
adj. 栗色的
 - castaneous, nut-brown

Word: crimson
Front: crimson
[ˈkrɪmzn] (托 12173/15596 -1)
Vocabulary: crimson
(once / 348 pages)
1nadj 2adjv 3adj
Crimson is a deep, vivid shade of red. You could describe flowers, blood, or blushing cheeks as crimson.
The ruby red color crimson shows up brilliantly in nature, in the form of flowers, birds, and insects. In fact, it was an insect that led to the word crimson in the first place; an insect called kermes was used for centuries to make a deep red dye, which was called cremesin in Old Spanish and eventually became crimson.
WORD FAMILY
crimson: crimsoned, crimsoning, crimsonly, crimsons, encrimson+/encrimson: encrimsoned, encrimsoning, encrimsons
USAGE EXAMPLES
As always, the Crimson Tide program exudes an air of quiet determination and poise.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Lewis’ 10 topped the Crimson Tide, who were held to their smallest point total of the season.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The top-ranked Crimson Tide and No. 3 Tigers will meet in Tampa, Florida, on Jan. 9 in the College Football Playoff national championship game.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 深红色
adj. 深红色的
v. 变为深红色; 脸红
时态：crimsoned, crimsoning, crimsons
分布：深红色(62%)，深红色的(30%)，变得绯红(4%)，染成深红色(4%)
→词源同carmine, kermes.
adjective
■having a dark deep red colour 深红色的
go/turn crimson
■If you go/turn crimson, your face becomes red because you are very embarrassed or angry （因难堪或生气）脸色变得绯红
• She went crimson with embarrassment. 她的脸因难为情而变得通红。
['krɪm.zən] noun uncountable
■a dark deep red colour 深红色
n. 深红色
 - deep red, dark red
adj. 深红色的
 - wine-colored, laky
vi. 变为深红色；脸红
 - blush

Word: contortion
Front: contortion
[kənˈtɔ:ʃn] (24436/32664)
Vocabulary: contortion
(once / 4064 pages)
n
If you twist your body into a contortion, you might put one leg behind your ear, and clasp your arms behind your back. A contortion is a twisted position.
Yoga can feel like a series of contortions to beginners. People who twist their bodies into contortions professionally are called contortionists. In order to become a contortionist, you need to start with a lot of flexibility and a willingness to contort your body into uncomfortable positions. You then need a lot of practice. It is not easy to achieve a perfectly freakish contortion.
WORD FAMILY
contortion: contortionist, contortions+/ contort: contorted, contorting, contortion, contorts/ contorted: contortedly/ contortionist: contortionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
And a few of them performed some of the more hilarious contortions seen on the campaign trail to deflect attention from the damaging revelations.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
With every evasion, brushoff, innuendo, contortion, rationalization, and attack, they’re working hard, in unison, to steer your attention away from Russia.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Their moves were at turns staggering contortions and graceful glides, sweeping artistry and fleeting chronicles of everyday life.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 扭曲，弄歪，歪曲
分布：扭曲(65%)，扭弯(35%)
n. 扭弯；扭歪
 - distortedness

Word: compartment
Front: compartment
[kəmˈpɑ:tmənt] (研雅宝 6561/6120 -1)
Vocabulary: compartment
(once / 864 pages)
n
A compartment is a space within another space, like the glove compartment in a car.
Compartments are spaces, but they're not spaces that stand on their own. Rather, compartments are part of other spaces: they're subdivisions. The trunk is a compartment of a car. A pocket is a compartment of a suitcase. Closets are like compartments of rooms. One of the most common compartments is a car's glove compartment, where people throw all kinds of things. Anything that is divided into smaller spaces has compartments. The ventricles are like compartments of your heart.
WORD FAMILY
compartment: compartmental, compartmentalise, compartmentalize, compartments+/compartmental: compartmentally/compartmentalise: compartmentalisation, compartmentalised/ compartmentalize: compartmentalization, compartmentalized, compartmentalizes, compartmentalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials said the explosive device was planted in the plane’s luggage compartment.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Compartments need to be further consolidated, and the system of markings and handling caveats should be significantly simplified.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Sporadically but memorably, in chilling capers of tunnels and balloons and secret compartments, Easterners found ways across.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 隔间（尤指火车车厢中的）; 区划
vt. 分隔; 划分
分布：间隔(48%)，划分(34%)，卧车包房(13%)，个别室(5%)
→com-, 强调。-part, 分开，部分。
n.卧车包房,(客车车厢内的)隔间;分隔的空间In the compartment, the impartial participant told me his counterpart's departure.在隔间里,公正的参与者把其对等人物的离世告诉了我.
【记】com共同，part部分，ment闷他－大家有共同的部分而且特别闷－车厢
US [-'pɑ:rt-] noun countable
■one of the separate areas inside a vehicle, especially a train （车辆的）分隔厢，舱；（尤指火车的）隔间，包厢
• a first class compartment 头等包厢
■a separate part of a piece of furniture, equipment or container with a particular purpose （家俱、设备或容器的）隔间，格
• a fridge with a small freezer compartment 带有小冷冻室的冰箱
• the sleeping/inner compartment in a tent 帐篷里的睡间／内间
vt. 分隔；划分
 - to divide, measure off

Word: concoction
Front: concoction
[kənˈkɒkʃn] (14427/19212)
Vocabulary: concoction
(once / 6355 pages)
n
A concoction is a curious mixture of things, like a bunch of liquids stirred in a cup, or the elaborate and unbelievable story you make up to explain not finishing your homework.
Mix eight different liquids in a glass and you've got a concoction. Scientists create concoctions of chemicals in test tubes, and a bicycle made of junkyard scraps is a concoction too. The word’s Latin root means “cooked together,” referring to when you heat metals in order to purify them. A concoction is also a tall tale told to get out of trouble or entertain someone. If your story has ostriches, trampolines, lasers, and Abraham Lincoln, it’s probably a concoction.
WORD FAMILY
concoction: concoctions+/ concoct: concocted, concocting, concoction, concocts
USAGE EXAMPLES
And like Tapawingo, Alliance offers sophisticated concoctions that showcase locally sourced ingredients and, Mr. Peterson said, “challenge the taste buds.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
If you order this one, there’s a two-order max limit, and for good reason: This is a dangerous concoction.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I slurped her concoction, then sipped my wine.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 调合; 混合; 调合物
分布：混合(61%)，调合(18%)，调合物(12%)，捏造(9%)
US [-'kɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
■the result or process of concocting something 调制品；调制；编造
n. 混合；调合；调合物
 - mixture, mix

Word: dolly
Front: dolly
[ˈdɒli] (20093/9382 -1)
Back: n. 玩具娃娃; 手推车; 台车，移动摄影车; 洗衣搅棒
vi. 移动摄影车
分布：洋娃娃(35%)，手推车(25%)，移动摄影车(25%)，摄影车(9%)，洗衣棒(6%)
→来自Dorothy的昵称，用于指洋娃娃。后用于指工程上的滑动台架。
US ['dɑ:.li] child's word
noun countable
■a doll
n. 洋娃娃； [车辆] 手推车；移动式摄影车；洗衣搅棒
 - babydoll, Living Doll

Word: deadbeat
Front: deadbeat
[ˈdedbi:t] (19944/-)
Vocabulary: deadbeat
(once / 38880 pages)
n
A deadbeat is someone who owes money or has other financial obligations and doesn't meet them. Deadbeats don't pay their bills.
This is an insult that is very specific: deadbeats don't pay what they owe. If someone went to a restaurant and didn't pay, the manager might say "You deadbeat!" If you don't pay a cable or phone bill, you're a deadbeat. A roommate who doesn't pay their share of the rent is a deadbeat. People often talk about deadbeat dads who abandon their children and don't pay child support. A more formal word for a deadbeat is defaulter.
WORD FAMILY
deadbeat: deadbeats
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no way that Donald J Trump is ever going to let himself be one of those deadbeat Americans with no hope and no prospects.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
Mr. Giuliani won cheers when he said the United Nations was “acting like the worst kind of deadbeats.”
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Another program strong-armed deadbeat dads into paying child support, inspiring a rap song named after her.
Seattle Times(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: n. <俗>赖债不还的人，游手好闲者
分布：游手好闲者(40%)，不摆的(20%)，赖账者(20%)，无振荡的(20%)
→即被打的半死不活的，引申义懒人，二流子。
['ded.bi:t] mainly US informal
noun countable
■a person who is not willing to work, does not behave in a responsible way and does not fit into ordinary society 游手好闲的人，二流子
• He's a real deadbeat who's never had a proper job. 他真是游手好闲，从来没有做过一份正经的工作。
• [as form of address] Come off it, deadbeat, you're never going to get anywhere. 别说了，懒鬼，你永远也不会有甚么出息。
■a person or company that is not willing to pay debts 赖帐者；赖帐的公司
['ded.bi:t] mainly US informal
adjective [before noun]
■not willing to pay debts 赖帐
• The new law is aimed at deadbeat landlords who owe $22 million. 这条新法律针对的是那些欠下2200万美元却赖着不还的土地所有者。
n. 游手好闲者；赖债不还的人；落泊者
 - Don Juan
adj. 非周期的；直进式的
 - nonperiodic, acylic

Word: dispensary
Front: dispensary
[dɪˈspensəri] (23361/23746)
Vocabulary: dispensary
(once / 5688 pages)
n
A dispensary is the room or area in a hospital where medicine is prepared and given out to patients.
You can use the term dispensary when you talk about the office within a hospital — or occasionally other places, like schools — from which prescriptions can be distributed. A dispensary is often run by a pharmacist, doctor, or nurse, who is authorized to dispense — or hand out — medicine. The root is the Latin word dispensarius, "one who dispenses," from dispensare, "disburse, administer, or distribute by weight."
WORD FAMILY
dispensary: dispensaries+/ dispensable: dispensability, dispensableness, indispensable / dispensation: dispensations/ dispense: dispensable, dispensary, dispensation, dispensed, dispenser, dispenses, dispensing/dispenser: dispensers/indispensability: indispensabilities/ indispensable: indispensability, indispensableness, indispensably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thus began Kevin and his girlfriend Elizabeth’s effort to open their own dispensary.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Licensed dispensaries will check the state database before selling the drug.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Health Secretary Karen Murphy said during an update Wednesday that permit applications for dispensaries and for grower-processors will be available online starting Jan. 17.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 医务室，药房
分布：医务室(56%)，诊疗所(33%)，施药所(11%)
→来自dispense, 分配，分发。用于指药房配药处。
药房(dispense分配+ary场地→配药的地方)[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
US [-sɚ.i] noun countable
■a place where medicines are prepared and given out, often in a hospital 配药室
n. [药] 药房；（学校、兵营或工厂的）诊疗所；防治站
 - pharmacy, officina

Word: disbelieve
Front: disbelieve
[ˌdɪsbɪˈli:v] (19396/15366)
Back: vt. & vi. 拒绝相信; 不信; 怀疑
时态：disbelieved, disbelieving, disbelieves
分布：怀疑(59%)，不信(41%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。believe, 相信。
[ˌdɪs.bɪ'li:v] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to not believe someone or something 不相信
• Do you disbelieve me? 你不相信我吗？
• They said that they disbelieved the evidence. 他们说他们不相信这个证据。
vt. 不信；怀疑
 - dispute, question, wonder
vi. 不信；怀疑
 - wonder, question

Word: dropout
Front: dropout
[ˈdrɒpaʊt] (雅 7969/34260)
Vocabulary: dropout
(once / 7606 pages)
n
A dropout is someone who doesn't finish a project or program, especially school. If you quit high school before you graduate, some people will call you a dropout.
Whenever you quit something, or don't follow through on a commitment, you risk being called a dropout, which is a fairly derogatory term for someone who withdraws, quits, or drops out. If you withdraw from college after one semester, you might jokingly describe yourself as a college dropout. The word dates from about 1930.
WORD FAMILY
dropout: dropouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Kenya, another interactive text message system offering support for teachers helped reduce student dropouts by 50 percent.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Many instead enroll in local colleges with relatively few resources and high dropout rates.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
She said society should rethink their view of these people who are often condemned as "losers" and "dropouts" and instead offer more support.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 辍学者，退学者; <贬>拒绝传统社会的人; 流失生; 流生
分布：退学学生(67%)，拒绝传统社会的人(33%)
→比喻用法。
US ['drɑ:p-] noun countable
■a person who leaves school, college or university before finishing a course, or a person who lives in an unusual way 辍学者，退学者；（与众不同的）怪人
• a high school/college dropout 高中／大学辍学者
• He was a loner and a dropout. 他是个独来独往的怪人。

Word: emptiness
Front: emptiness
[ˈemptinəs] (9389/11876 -1)
Vocabulary: emptiness
(once / 1922 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Has your girlfriend left you? Your boss fired you and your dog run away from home? Then you're probably feeling a state of emptiness, a condition of meaninglessness or futility. Cheer up, you could try writing a country music song.
Although the emotional sense of emptiness is the most common, it can also mean a literal state of physical emptiness -— as in "the emptiness of space." Either way, emptiness might seem like a pretty bad thing, but consider the Bhuddist understanding of the term, for whom emptiness is in fact the ultimate virtue: “Emptiness which is conceptually liable to be mistaken for sheer nothingness is in fact the reservoir of infinite possibilities,” said the famous Japanese teacher, D. T. Suzuki.
WORD FAMILY
emptiness: emptinesses+/ empty: emptied, emptier, empties, emptiest, emptily, emptiness, emptying/emptying: emptyings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"I've seen from the inside the emptiness of our system," he said when announcing his candidacy.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Before Pilate, Jesus exposes the emptiness of earthly authority.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
That emptiness is filled with public language or romanticized connections.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 空虚; 空腹; 无知; 无能
分布：空虚(90%)，空旷(7%)，空地(3%)
空洞(empty空的)[-ness表名词"性质,状态,"通常加在形容词后面]
noun uncountable
EMPTY SPACE 空旷
■empty space 空无一物；空旷
• He gazed out over the emptiness of the moors. 他凝视着远处空旷的荒野。
['emp.tɪ.nəs] noun uncountable
NOT SINCERE 不真诚的，不诚恳的
■when something is not sincere or has no real meaning 不真诚，无真实含义
• the emptiness of these political gestures 这些政治姿态并不诚恳
['emp.tɪ.nəs] noun uncountable
SAD FEELING 忧愁
■a sad feeling of having no emotion or purpose 空虚感
• I was left with a horrible feeling of emptiness. 我的内心被一种可怕的空虚感所占据。
n. [计] 空虚；无知
 - darkness, ignorance, blank

Word: dover
Front: dover
['dəʊvə] (-/8709)
Back: n. 多佛，英国东南部的港口
分布：名词(100%)

Word: erudite
Front: erudite
[ˈerudaɪt] (托宝 22378/20727)
Vocabulary: erudite
(once / 5946 pages)
adj
If you call someone erudite, that means they show great learning. After you've earned your second Ph.D., you will be truly erudite.
Erudite is from Latin verb erudire, "to teach," which comes from rudis for "raw, unskilled, ignorant" (the source of our word rude). If you bring someone out of a raw state, you educate them, so someone who is erudite is very educated indeed (and perhaps a bit of a showoff). You can say either ER-oo-dite or ER-yoo-dite; the second one, being a bit harder to say, can seem a bit more erudite.
WORD FAMILY
erudite: eruditely, eruditeness, eruditest
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it was something of a surprise when, this past February, an academically inclined online publication appeared, full of erudite arguments in favor of Trump.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Their erudite annotations are included at right—just a taste of what their books offer the would-be oyster aficionado.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
He proved to be an energetic, enthusiastic and erudite guide, rather like his tweets.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 博学的，有学问的; 笃行不倦; 渊深; 渊识博学
分布：博学的(100%)
博学的(e出+rud+ite→走出原始状态→博学的)[Rud=rude,表示"原始,粗野"]
博学的(e出+rud原始+ite)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
【记】e出，rud粗鲁；原始；无知－走出无知－博学的
【参】rudiments（n 初步；入门；基础知识）
【反】smattering of knowledge（一知半解的）；ignorant（adj 无知的）；unlettered（adj 无学问的；文盲的）
['er.ʊ.daɪt] formal
adjective
■having or containing a lot of specialist knowledge 博学的；有学问的；博大精深的
• He's the author of an erudite book on Scottish history. 他写过一本博大精深的有关苏格兰历史的著作。
adj. 博学的；有学问的
 - learned, knowing, wise, accomplished, read

Word: extermination
Front: extermination
[ɪkˌstɜ:mɪ'neɪʃn] (18574/21446)
Vocabulary: extermination
(once / 3022 pages)
n
When an entire group of living things is killed, that's extermination. If ants have taken over your entire kitchen, marching across the counter and up the sides of the cabinets, you might have to resort to extermination.
If you smack just one mosquito, it's not extermination — a whole group must be destroyed in order to call it extermination. Spraying pesticides on your lawn to eradicate every dandelion is extermination, but if you do that you might be contributing to the inadvertent extermination of honey bees too. This destructive noun comes from the Latin exterminare, "drive out, expel, or destroy."
WORD FAMILY
extermination: exterminations+/exterminable: inexterminable/ exterminate: exterminable, exterminated, exterminates, exterminating, extermination, exterminator/exterminator: exterminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Never again!” explains why Germany, remembering the deadly fate of its Jews trying to escape extermination, opened its borders last summer.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Contemplating the extermination of Aleppo and its people, I was reminded of a sentence that I read this summer.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Hanning’s trial was swiftly wrapped up in four months, and he was sentenced to five years in prison for “facilitating slaughter” at the extermination camp.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 消灭，根绝
分布：灭绝(88%)，根绝(12%)
VERB
消灭;灭绝;根除
To exterminate a group of people or animals means to kill all of them.
例：A huge effort was made to exterminate the rats...灭鼠花了大力气。
例：They have a real fear that they'll be exterminated in the ongoing civil war...他们十分害怕自己会在持续的内战中被彻底消灭。
n. 消灭；根绝
 - extinction, eradication

Word: finale
Front: finale
[fɪˈnɑ:li] (宝 9784/10366 -1)
Vocabulary: finale
(once / 1925 pages)
n
If you decide to leave the theater early to beat traffic, you’ll miss the finale — the exciting final part of a theatrical performance.
Perhaps to ensure that audience members stay until the end, many musical and theatrical pieces end with an elaborate flourish known as the finale. (If it’s truly spectacular, it might even be called a “grand finale.”) Appropriately, the pronunciation of finale contains a final flourish that you just can’t miss: the letter e, which you might expect to be silent, is pronounced. The last two syllables of finale rhyme with alley.
WORD FAMILY
finale: finales
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lions: Falling to Packers twice, especially in season finale to lose NFC North title.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police haven’t released details of her role in the incident Sunday afternoon during the Vikings’ season finale against the Chicago Bears.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank Stadium in Minneapolis during the Minnesota Vikings’ season finale against the Chicago Bears.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [乐]终曲; 结局，大团圆; 最后一场，最后乐章; 尾声
分布：结局(72%)，终曲(28%)
→来自final, 最后的。用于音乐名词。
结局,终曲(fin+ale表示音乐类→终曲)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
【记】final（adj 最后的）
【反】open scene（开局；开幕）
noun countable usually singular
■the last part of especially a musical or theatrical performance, which is often very exciting or emotional （尤指音乐或戏剧表演高潮性的）结尾，终曲，终场
• All the dancers come on stage during the grand finale. 在高潮性的大结局时所有的舞者都上了台。
• figurative What better finale to her career than this extravagant gesture? 还有甚么能比这个大动作更好地为她的职业生涯划上句号呢？
n. 结局；终曲；最后一场；最后乐章；尾声
 - conclusion, outcome, ending

Word: fetish
Front: fetish
[ˈfetɪʃ] (托宝 15974/20817 -1)
Vocabulary: fetish
(once / 3045 pages)
1n 2n
A fetish is an extremely strong devotion to something. There are sexual fetishes and nonsexual fetishes: both are obsessive interests.
The most common use of the word fetish is probably the sexual meaning. Someone with a foot fetish is abnormally interested in feet and gets sexual pleasure from seeing, being around, and even thinking about feet. There are probably thousands of sexual fetishes, most of which are too inappropriate to write about here. A non-sexual fetish is just an excessive interest in something, like a football fan who lives and breathes everything NFL.
WORD FAMILY
fetish: fetichism, fetishes, fetishism, fetishize+/fetichism: fetichisms/fetishism: fetishisms, fetishist/fetishist: fetishists/fetishize: fetishized, fetishizes, fetishizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But when is a belief in majoritarian democracy a “fetish” or “simpleminded,” and when is it just a belief in democracy?
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Fetish objects on par with luxury watches and limited-edition Nikes.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
To that end, the authors warn against a “misplaced fetish with accuracy.”
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. <心>恋物; 偶像，迷信; 物神，崇拜物
分布：恋物(85%)，崇拜物(15%)
→来自葡萄牙语feitico, 有魔力的物品，护身符。来自词根fact, 做，制造，词源同do, fact.
【记】fet＝fect 做－神仙做出的物品－神物
US ['fetˌ-] noun countable
INTEREST 兴趣
■a sexual interest in an object or a part of the body other than the sexual organs （从某物或身体某部位获得性快感的）恋物
• a rubber/foot fetish 对橡胶制品的迷恋／恋足癖
• He has a fetish about/for high-heels. 他迷恋高跟鞋。
■an activity or object which you are so interested in that you spend an unreasonable amount of time thinking about it or doing it 狂热迷恋的活动；迷恋之物
• She makes a fetish of organization - it's quite obsessive. 她极度注重条理，到了过分的地步。
• He has a fetish for/about cleanliness. 他有洁癖。
UK ['fet.ɪʃ] US ['fetˌ-] noun countable
RELIGIOUS OBJECT 宗教物品 specialized
■an object which is worshipped in some societies because it is believed to have a spirit or special magical powers 奉若神明之物，神物（指被相信具有魔力或神力而受崇拜的物品）
n. 恋物（等于fetich）；迷信；偶像
 - icon, idol

Word: excrement
Front: excrement
[ˈekskrɪmənt] (雅 20863/19671)
Back: n. 排泄物（粪便）; 屎; 矢
分布：粪便(70%)，排泄物(30%)
→来自excrete, 排泄。
['ek.skrɪ.mənt] formal
noun uncountable
■the solid waste which is released from the bowels of a person or animal 粪便；排泄物
• human excrement 人的粪便
n. 粪便， [生理] 排泄物
 - faeces, night soil

Word: gallic

Word: fob
Front: fob
[fɒb] (27579/19209)
Vocabulary: fob
(once / 11289 pages)
1n 2v
A fob is a chain that holds an old-fashioned pocket watch. If your grandfather carries his watch around in a little pocket in his vest, it's probably attached with a fob.
It's uncommon to see a watch fob these days, but they were once as ordinary as the watches they held. The little pockets sewn in men's clothing were also fobs, and today, a key chain is sometimes called a fob. When fob is a verb, it means to fool people or play a trick on them, especially by giving them something less valuable than they expect. This meaning is from the obsolete fobbe, "cheater."
WORD FAMILY
fob: fobbed, fobbing, fobs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Imogen's mum Michaela has been in and out of accident and emergency and the GP surgery, and says she feels fobbed off.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
They extend when they sense the key fob is nearby, and retract when not in use.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Mr. Jones ran to his car and unlocked it with a key fob.
New York Times(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: vt. （用不实之词）搪塞; （ 把劣质的或不想要的商品） 骗售给; 欺骗（某人）接受（不值钱的东西等）; 用欺骗手段卖掉（冒牌货等）
n. 怀表短链，怀表带; 钥匙圈上的小饰物
时态：fobbed, fobbing, fobs
分布：表袋(67%)，表链(22%)，离岸价=free on board(11%)
→来自德语方言，口袋，口袋表链。欺骗义词源不详，一说来自口袋，偷盗，另一种观点认为来自德语foppen, 嘲笑，来自focken, 繁殖，性交，最终可追溯至fuck. 即成为了somebody-in-law.
US [fɑ:b] noun countable
■a piece of leather or other material to which a group of keys is fastened, or a chain or piece of material used, especially in the past, to fasten a watch to a man's waistcoat 锁匙链；（尤指旧时的）怀表短链
• a key fob 锁匙链
• a fob watch 带表链的怀表
UK [fɒb] US [fɑ:b] verb (-bb-)
UK [fɒb] US [fɑ:b] verb (-bb-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fob sb off (also fob sth off on sb) UK
■to persuade someone to accept something that is of a low quality or different to what he or she really wanted 搪塞，欺骗（某人）；骗（某人）接受…
• Well, he wants the report ready by tomorrow but I can always fob him off with some excuse. 嗯，他想要报告明天就给准备好，但是我总可以找个借口搪塞他。

Word: genus
Front: genus
[ˈdʒi:nəs] (托宝 10828/8290)
Vocabulary: genus
(once / 476 pages)
n
A genus is a class or group of something. In biology, it's a taxonomic group covering more than one species.
This is a term used by biologists to classify more than one species under a larger umbrella. In biology, the word family describes the broadest group category, then genus, and then species. For example, primates are a family, and humans are a species within that family, but we're not in the same genus as macaques: macaques have their own genus. Dogs and wolves are so closely related they’re in the same genus. The plural of genus is genera.
WORD FAMILY
genus: genera, genuses, subgenus+/subgenus: subgenera, subgenuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of some 3,500 species of mosquito, those of the genus Anopheles are widely considered to be the most dangerous because they transmit malaria.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
“Really, it was only with evolution of Homo the genus” — about half a million years after Lucy — “that we became fully committed to the ground.”
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
The new species and genus has been named Ball's Antarctic Tundra Beetle, after George E Ball - an expert on ground beetles.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物的）属; 类; 种; 型
分布：名词(83%)，形容词(17%)
→来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate. 用于科学术语。
种类,类属(gen+us→生出来就出现[不同]→种类)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】gen产生，us：生物学的种属产生了我们，因为我们吃genus
【区】genre（n 文学类型；流派）产生热情
['dʒi:.nəs] (plural genera) specialized
noun countable
■a group of animals or plants, more closely related than a family, but less similar than a species （动植物的）属
n. 类，种； [生物] 属
 - race

Word: fossilise

Word: flunk
Front: flunk
[flʌŋk] (宝 15037/39697)
Vocabulary: flunk
(once / 9517 pages)
vn
To flunk is to do poorly on a test or in a class. One way to avoid flunking is to start studying several nights before a test.
People have been flunking things ever since there were schools. However, we’ve only been calling it flunking since the 1800s. Originally, flunk could mean “to fail” or “to give up.” That’s a good reminder that sometimes, to avoid flunking, you just need to keep trying.
WORD FAMILY
flunk: flunked, flunking, flunks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wells Fargo was alone in being flunked by regulators.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
But Turner flunked his physical because of an issue with his knee.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
When Wolves flunked pitifully out of the Premier League in 2012, few people envisaged Ward returning to the top flight.
The Guardian(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. <美><口>; （使）（考试、某学科的成绩等）不及格
vt. 评定（某人）不及格; （因不及格而） 退学
时态：flunked, flunking, flunks
分布：不及格(69%)，失败(31%)
→校园俚语。通常认为来自funk拼写变体，沮丧，懦夫。
【记】读：腐烂课－上这种课想及格都困难
[flʌŋk] mainly US informal
verb transitive
■to fail an examination or course of study 未通过（考试）；（课程）不及格
• I flunked my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college. 我第二学年的考试不及格，但侥幸没有被赶出大学。
[flʌŋk] mainly US informal
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flunk out US informal
■to have to leave school or college because your work is not good enough （因学业不好而）退学
• Dan won't be in college next year - he flunked out. 丹明年不会上大学——他成绩不好退学了。
vi. 失败；放弃；考试不及格
 - founder, come to naught
n. 不及格；失败
 - failure, loss, losing, defeat, reverse

Word: guam
Front: guam
[ɡwɑ:m] (-/30116)
Back: abbr. generalized update access method 广义更新存取法
分布：名词(100%)

Word: healer
Front: healer
[ˈhi:lə(r)] (9478/15173 -1)
Back: n. 医治者; 治疗物; 治病术士
分布：医治者(74%)，治疗物(26%)
→来自heal,治疗。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a person who has the power to heal people without using ordinary medicines 信仰疗法术士
• a spiritual healer 精神疗法术士

Word: hest

Word: grandma
Front: grandma
[ˈgrænmɑ:] (中 9804/9295 -1)
Vocabulary: grandma
(once / 1117 pages)
n
Your grandma is either your mom's mom or your dad's mom. Some people call their grandma "Granny" or "Nana" or "Oma."
Grandma is a very common, informal way to say "grandmother." While the preferences of grandmas vary, many of them enjoy being known as Grandma to their grandchildren. Most people use the word grandmother when they're writing or speaking generally or formally. Grandmama came first, around 1749, and grandma followed at the end of that century.
WORD FAMILY
grandma: grandmas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My grandma and grandpa plan their vacations around my schedule.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He also volunteered with Carol at St. Anthony of Padua Catholic School, where the students called them “Grandma” and “Grandpa.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Throughout much of the ’90s, Fisher focused on her writing career, publishing Surrender the Pink and Delusions of Grandma.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 奶奶，外婆
na. <口>奶奶，外婆
分布：外婆(100%)
/'græm-] noun countable informal for
■ grandmother
n. 奶奶；外婆
 - nan, naan

Word: haulage
Front: haulage
[ˈhɔ:lɪdʒ] (46531/12850)
Back: n. 公路[铁路]货运业，公路[铁路]运费
分布：运输(67%)，运费(33%)
→来自haul,拖，拉，搬运。
US ['hɑ:-] noun uncountable UK
■the business of moving things by road or railway 公路（或铁路）货运业
• a road haulage firm 公路运输公司
n. [交] 拖运；拖曳；运费
 - charges, carriage

Word: hobbyist
Front: hobbyist
[ˈhɒbiɪst] (21337/29719)
Back: n. 沉溺于某种癖好者，嗜某爱好成癖的人
分布：业余爱好者(70%)，沉溺于某种癖好者(30%)
→来自hobby,业余爱好。
US ['hɑ:.bi-] mainly US
noun countable
■someone who does something as a hobby 爱好者
• a computer hobbyist 电脑爱好者
n. 业余爱好者；沉溺于某嗜好之人
 - amateur, dilettante

Word: hindustan

Word: hilarious
Front: hilarious
[hɪˈleəriəs] (托雅宝 10641/11853 -1)
Vocabulary: hilarious
(once / 2276 pages)
adj
One person can find a joke a little funny, while someone else might find it downright hilarious. When something is super-funny, it's hilarious.
Hilarious is an adjective that describes a high degree of humor. Things that are funny can cause you to smile or giggle, but when something is hilarious, it causes you to laugh out loud. Of course, what's hilarious to me might not be to you. When I scribbled obscenities on your face while you were asleep? I found that totally hilarious. You? Not so much. Hilarious is also used sarcastically, when something isn't funny at all. Like when you woke up: you glared at me and said "Hilarious."
WORD FAMILY
hilarious: hilariously+/ hilarity: hilarious, hilarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
And a few of them performed some of the more hilarious contortions seen on the campaign trail to deflect attention from the damaging revelations.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The Times’ Meredith Woerner called the book “an unflinching, sometimes painful, sometimes hilarious look inside the mind of a 19-year-old actress.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Richard Pryor cemented his reputation as the greatest stand-up of his generation by spinning his story of setting himself on fire into a hilarious yarn.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 欢闹的; 非常滑稽的; 令人捧腹的; 喜不自禁的
分布：欢闹的(75%)，愉快的(25%)
→来自hilarity,欢闹，狂欢。
高兴的;热闹的(hilar+ious表形容词)[hilar=glad,表示"高兴"]
【记】hilar高兴，ious－高兴的hil＝hill出去山上玩－高兴的exhilarate（vt 使高兴；使愉快）ex出，hil＝hill山：出去山上玩
US [-'ler.i-] adjective
■extremely funny and causing a lot of laughter 非常滑稽的，引人发笑的
• He didn't like the film at all - I thought it was hilarious. 他根本就不喜欢这部电影——但我觉得它好笑极了。
adj. 欢闹的；非常滑稽的；喜不自禁的
 - frisky, riproarious

Word: horseback
Front: horseback
[ˈhɔ:sbæk] (9316/14162 -1)
Back: n. 马背; 隆起的条状地带（山脊）
adj. 性急的，草率的，未经充分考虑的
adv. 在马背上
分布：马背(81%)，在马背上的(10%)，在马背上地(6%)，臆断的(3%)
US ['hɔ:rs-] adjective [before noun]
■on a horse 骑在马上的
• horseback riding 骑马
• a horseback rider 骑马者
UK ['hɔ:s.bæk] US ['hɔ:rs-] noun
on horseback
■riding a horse 骑着马的
• police on horseback 骑警
adj. 性急的；草率的；未经充分考虑的
 - brief, hot-brained

Word: hydra
Front: hydra
[ˈhaɪdrə] (34241/29852)
Back: n. 水螅; 难于根除的祸患; 九头蛇
分布：水螅(64%)，难以根除之祸害(27%)，长蛇星座(9%)
→来自古希腊神话中被大力神Hercules所杀的多头水蛇怪Hydra,来自希腊语hydor,水，词源同water.引申词义祸患。比较otter.
noun countable
■in ancient Greek stories, a creature with many heads that grew again when cut off （古希腊神话中头被斩去后会复生的）九头蛇；难以根除的棘手问题
■a difficult problem that keeps returning 难以根除的棘手问题
n. 九头蛇； [无脊椎] 水螅；难以根除之祸害
 - polypus

Word: hostel
Front: hostel
[ˈhɒstl] (16015/6011 -2)
Vocabulary: hostel
(once / 5817 pages)
n
If you backpack around Europe and are traveling on a budget, you will probably want to stay in a hostel, an inexpensive lodging made typically for young travelers willing to sleep in dorms.
The word hostel comes from the Latin hospitale meaning "inn, large house." Think of a hostel as an inn for students or young people. Often you can stay in one of these places for relatively little money because multiple beds are in one room and you share the bathroom with other guests. If you want to meet traveling students, you could try opening a youth hostel in your home town.
WORD FAMILY
hostel: hostels
USAGE EXAMPLES
We borrowed gear, waited all year for Aldi specials on kids’ snowboots and booked a family room in the youth hostel.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
When we spoke by phone in mid-November, he was in a hostel in Talence, Bordeaux.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
His addiction led his wife to seek a separation.  He sleeps in a grubby, $1.40-a-night hostel for musicians in a crime-ridden part of southern Tehran.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 旅社，招待所; 〈英古〉旅馆; 〈英〉大学宿舍
vi. 留宿于招待所
分布：招待所(89%)，住招待所(11%)
→来自古法语hostel,客店，寄宿处，来自拉丁语hospes,客人，来自ghostis,外来人，陌生人，词源同guest.
US ['hɑ:.stəl] noun countable
■a large house where people can stay free or cheaply （免费或廉价的）旅社，客栈
• a student hostel 学生旅社
Compare hotel UK (US shelter)
■a building where people with no home can live for a short time （无家可归者的）收容所
• a hostel for the homeless 无家可归者的收容所
• a Salvation Army hostel 救世军收容所
n. 旅社，招待所（尤指青年旅社）
 - resthouse

Word: hyena
Front: hyena
[haɪ'i:nə] (17254/22808)
Back: n. 鬣狗
分布：鬣狗(59%)，土狼(41%)
→来自希腊语hyaina,猪，来自hys,猪，词源同swine,sow,-ena,表阴性或形容词后缀。后用于指鬣狗，因形似野猪而得名。
noun countable
■a wild animal from Africa and Asia that looks like a dog, hunts in groups and makes a sound similar to an unpleasant human laugh 鬣狗
n. [脊椎] 鬣狗，土狼
 - hyaena, aardwolf

Word: inhibitor
Front: inhibitor
[ɪnˈhɪbɪtə(r)] (宝 12876/10936)
Vocabulary: inhibitor
(once / 17130 pages)
n
An inhibitor is a substance or material that slows down or halts some activity. This word is popular in the chemistry lab, but you might also hear it at a garage. For example, a corrosion inhibitor helps slow down rust.
When you feel inhibited, you feel self-conscious and less likely to do things. In chemistry, an inhibitor has the effect of squelching something, shutting it down, or slowing it. For example, in a car engine, antifreeze is an inhibitor — it prevents or slows the formation of ice. Different substances are inhibitors for different reactions and activities. Think of an inhibitor as chemistry's way of saying "Slow down!" or "Stop!"
WORD FAMILY
inhibitor: inhibitors+/ inhibit: inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitor, inhibitory, inhibits/ inhibited: uninhibited / inhibition: inhibitions/ uninhibited: uninhibitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The drug being tested was nivolumab, a type of checkpoint inhibitor, one of the most promising drug classes for cancer.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Checkpoint inhibitors are not working in all patients, just a subset, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
But that good news comes in the context of unexpected problems with the new drugs, known as PCSK9 inhibitors.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 抑制剂，抑制者; 抗老化剂
分布：抑制物(87%)，约束者(13%)
【反】catalyst（n 催化剂）
n. 抑制剂， [助剂] 抗化剂；抑制者
 - inhibiting agent, restrainer

Word: interlink
Front: interlink
[ˌɪntəˈlɪŋk] (33006/22936)
Back: vt. 连结
n. 连环
时态：interlinked, interlinking, interlinks
分布：连环(47%)，链接(40%)，把 ... 互相连结起来(13%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，link,连接。
US [-tˌɚ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to cause to join or connect together, with the parts joined often having an effect on each other 连接；（使）互相关联
• Police forces across Europe have begun to interlink their databases on stolen cars. 欧洲各国的警方已开始将被盗汽车的资料库互相连接。
vt. 连接；把……互相连结
 - couple, connect with
n. 连环
 - connecting ring

Word: irrepressible
Front: irrepressible
[ˌɪrɪˈpresəbl] (托宝 20380/19341)
Vocabulary: irrepressible
(once / 2096 pages)
adj
Something that’s irrepressible can’t be restrained. If you find yourself constantly looking up the definitions of interesting words, you have an irrepressible desire to expand your vocabulary. You just can’t stop!
Irrepressible comes from the word repress, which means "restrain" or "reject." If you have a desire to become an actor but are worried about financial security, you might repress your calling for the stage and opt for law school instead. However, some desires are simply irrepressible. If you ignore your urge to be onstage, watch out; we predict that one day you’ll find yourself delivering a Shakespearean monologue to a very confused jury.
WORD FAMILY
irrepressible: irrepressibility, irrepressibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her screen presence was largely one of an irrepressible, unpredictable energy, all pluck and sass, and she seemed to live her life that way too.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Everything about Fisher, in fact, seemed irrepressible on set, from her blunt honesty to her physical vitality.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He nearly followed up with another two minutes later, while the irrepressible Dembele almost forced an own goal minutes after that.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 压抑不住的
分布：抑制不住的(64%)，难以征服的(36%)
→ir-,不，非，repress,压抑，遏制。
adjective
■full of energy and enthusiasm; impossible to stop 狂热的；抑制不住的
• Even the rain failed to dampen his irrepressible spirits. 即使下雨也未能浇灭他那高涨的热情。

Word: inquest
Front: inquest
[ˈɪŋkwest] (23865/6241 -1)
Vocabulary: inquest
(once / 1905 pages)
n
An inquest is when a court of law or a coroner investigates the circumstances of a person's death. If a person in your family dies suddenly, you might attend an inquest at the courthouse.
A death doesn't always require an inquest — they are typically carried out when there is something unexplained or suspicious about the way someone died. The inquest might be a step before a murder investigation, for example. Like a trial, a court inquest typically has a verdict issued by a judge, which might be "natural death" or "accidental death." The Old French root word is enqueste, or "inquiry."
WORD FAMILY
inquest: inquests
USAGE EXAMPLES
The inquest jury determined their deaths were homicides.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In April, an inquest jury concluded the fans were unlawfully killed.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The inquest, held in December, found that the officers were justified in using deadly force against Zambrano-Montes on the evening of Feb. 10, 2015.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [法]（有陪审员列席的）审讯; 验尸; 查询，调查; 公审庭，陪审团
分布：查询(80%)，验尸陪审团(20%)
→来自inquire,查询，询问，-st,过去分词后缀。引申词义审讯。
审问(in进+quest→问进去→审问)[quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
noun countable
■an official process to discover the cause of someone's death 死因审理；验尸
• An inquest is always held if murder is suspected. 如果怀疑是谋杀，总要验尸调查。
■an examination of or discussion about the reasons for someone's or something's failure （对失败原因的）调查，查究
• an inquest into the department's poor performance 对该部门业绩不佳的调查
n. 审讯；验尸；讯问
 - hearing, trial

Word: jaunt
Front: jaunt
[dʒɔ:nt] (宝 18264/20137)
Vocabulary: jaunt
(once / 4889 pages)
nv
Running out to get pizza to bring back before the big game? This short, quick, pleasurable trip could be called a jaunt (unless of course, you get your pizza from Italy, that’s called “time to get a closer pizza place”).
Jaunt was used in the 17th century to describe a journey on a horse just long enough to tire the horse out. Nebraska has what they call a Junk Jaunt, which is a yard sale that includes up to 40 towns and stretches nearly 300 miles and draws up to 20,000 people. That’s more than enough to make any horse tired, but they call it a jaunt nevertheless.
WORD FAMILY
jaunt: jaunted, jaunting, jaunts
USAGE EXAMPLES
He rushed for 12 yards and a first down and, two plays later, clinched the outcome with the 68-yard, tackle-breaking jaunt.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But several winemakers I spoke with during my two-day jaunt said they don’t think the white fruit is “necessarily the best grape for Virginia.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The jaunts into the past are clearly demarcated from the present.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 游览
vi. 去游览
时态：jaunted, jaunting, jaunts
分布：远足(77%)，短程旅游(23%)
→词源不详，可能同jump,跳。引申词义颠簸，痛苦的行程，这也是该词原先的词义，后来用于指短途旅行，游览，欢快的行程。字母m,n音变，比较home,haunt,lamp,lantern.
US [dʒɑ:nt] noun countable
■a short journey for pleasure, sometimes including a stay （短途）旅行，游览；远足
• a Sunday jaunt into the hills 周日登山远足
UK [dʒɔ:nt] US [dʒɑ:nt] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to go on a jaunt 作短途旅行
• disapproving He's always jaunting off around the world on business trips, leaving his wife to cope with the babies by herself. 他总是到世界各地出差，留下他妻子独力照顾小孩。
n. 远足；短途旅游
 - outing, excursion
vi. 远足；作短途旅游
 - trip, excurse

Word: isthmus
Front: isthmus
[ˈɪsməs] (宝 23546/34487)
Vocabulary: isthmus
(once / 1923 pages)
n
An isthmus is a land bridge, a narrow strip of land that stretches across a body of water to connect two larger land masses.
The Greek isthmos means "neck," so you can see how isthmus came to mean the connecting strip between land masses. If you look at an example, say the Isthmus of Panama, you can see how that neck-like bit of land separates the Caribbean Sea from the North Pacific Ocean as it connects North and South America. Think of an isthmus as kind of like a turkey neck that connects the bird's body and head (at least until Thanksgiving).
WORD FAMILY
isthmus: isthmi, isthmian, isthmuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mexico, who drew 0-0 with Panama in a dull match in the isthmus, have four points, the same as Panama.
Reuters(Nov 16, 2016)
Colliding tectonic plates pushed up a strip of land from the watery abyss that once divided North and South America, forming the isthmus of Panama.
Nature(Nov 01, 2016)
That expansion allows ships moving 12,000 containers or more to pass through the isthmus.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: n. 地峡
分布：地峡(100%)
→来自拉丁语isthmus,来自希腊语isthmos,狭窄的过道，地狭，特别是古希腊城邦柯林斯地狭，可能来自希腊语eimi,走，通过，词源同ire(拉丁语，走),exit,issue，-thmo,名词后缀。
地狭[isthm=narrow pass(狭道)]
【记】读：你死我死－不是你死就是我死，因为地峡太窄了，就像千军万马过独木桥。
noun countable
■a narrow piece of land with water on each side which joins two larger areas of land 地峡
• the Isthmus of Panama 巴拿马地峡

Word: magisterial
Front: magisterial
[ˌmædʒɪˈstɪəriəl] (宝 24112/23576)
Vocabulary: magisterial
(once / 6953 pages)
adj
A person who is magisterial can be distinguished and grand, or possibly just conceited and bossy. You will learn a lot if you listen to a magisterial presentation of early American history.
The Latin word for teacher is magister, so think of magisterial as describing a person with the great authority of a teacher or learned person. It can also mean related to the office of magistrate — think of magisterial documents or inquiries into a matter. If, however, someone calls you magisterial, he or she may think you are a bit pompous. It will irritate you if a person speaks to you in a magisterial tone!
WORD FAMILY
magisterial: magisterially+/ magistracy: magistracies/ magistrate: magisterial, magistracy, magistrates
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you’re familiar with his past magisterial lessons you will no doubt guess how successful he was.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
An economic historian’s magisterial assessment of the past and future of American living standards.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
In her magisterial SPQR, historian Mary Beard considers why the Roman Republic collapsed, despite its mechanisms to rotate officeholders and avoid concentrations of power.
Slate(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有权威的; 威严的; 地方法官的; 硕士的
adv. 威严地
分布：有权威的(47%)，地方法官的(25%)，专横的(16%)，威严的(12%)
→来自拉丁语magister,行政长官，首长，来自meg,巨大的，威严的，词源同magnate,master.
【记】magister＝master（n 主人），ial－主人的一有权威的
【参】magistrate（n 文职官员；地方官员）
US [-'stɪr.i-] adjective formal
■having or seeming to have complete authority 有绝对权威的；威严的；傲慢的
• his magisterial presence 他威严的姿态
• Jenkins's magisterial biography of Gladstone 詹金斯著述的格拉德斯通的权威传记
adj. 有权威的；专横的；官吏的
 - authoritative, cathedratic

Word: mariner
Front: mariner
[ˈmærɪnə(r)] (宝 19411/12183 -1)
Back: n. 海员，水手
分布：水手(75%)，海员(25%)
→来自marine,海的，-er,人。引申词义水手。
水手,船员(marine+er→海的人→船员)[Marin=sea,表示"海洋"]
US [-nɚ] noun countable literary or old use
■a sailor 水手
• Many a mariner lost his life on these rocks. 许多水手在这些礁石上丢了性命。
mariner, seaman, sailor
这组词都有“水手，船员”的意思，其区别是：
mariner: 多指直接从事航海和参与驾驶船只的水手。
seaman: 指商船船员或海军中的水兵，有时可与sailor换用。
sailor: 普通和词，指任何实际驾驶船只航海或在船上工作的人员。
n. [水运] 水手；船员
 - sailor, Jacky

Word: modular
Front: modular
[ˈmɒdjələ(r)] (14577/8300)
Vocabulary: modular
(once / 40478 pages)
adj
Use the adjective modular to describe something that is made up of pieces or parts, like a gerbil's habitat of tubes and cages, or a new house that is delivered in sections and then assembled.
Things like houses, cars, airplanes, and computers are all often constructed in a modular way. Rather than being built all at once, they are built in separate parts that get assembled into a finished product. The word modular has been used this way since the 1930s — earlier, it was a purely mathematical term, from the Latin word modulus, or "small measure."
WORD FAMILY
modular: modularly+/ module: modular, modules
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will also be a range of modular robots.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Another breakthrough is 'click chemistry', which builds polymers and molecules in a modular way through a series of reactions.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Modular tiles representing discrete districts compose the cityscape.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 模的; （尤指英国大学里的课程 ）分单元的（由独立单元组成，学生可选修）; （机器、建筑等）组合式的; 模块化的
分布：模块化的(97%)，组合的(3%)
→来自module,模块，单元。
ADJ
(建筑中)组合的，组件的，模件的
In building, modular means relating to the construction of buildings in parts called modules.
例：They ended up buying a prebuilt modular home on a two-acre lot.最后他们购买了一幢建在两英亩土地上的预制组合式房屋。
ADJ
(大学课程教学)单元的，分单元的
Modular means relating to the teaching of courses at college or university in units called modules.
例：The course is modular in structure.该课程在结构上以单元划分。

Word: migratory
Front: migratory
[ˈmaɪgrətri] (托雅宝 12179/22629)
Vocabulary: migratory
(once / 5503 pages)
adj
Animals that change locations with the seasons are said to be migratory. Ruby-throated hummingbirds are migratory. They spend winter in the warmer climate of Mexico, Central, and South America and then return to the eastern United States in the spring.
People who move from place to place in search of work are said to be migratory. The adjective is often used in combination with the noun workers. In the United States, migratory workers travel from state to state to help bring in the harvest, often with whole families traveling together. After a cold winter, you might want to be a bit migratory yourself: you could move south to Florida in the winter and return north to Ottawa each spring.
WORD FAMILY
migratory: nonmigratory+/ migrate: migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrator, migratory, transmigrate / migration: migrational, migrations/migrator: migrators/ transmigrate: transmigrated, transmigrates, transmigrating, transmigration / transmigration: transmigrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The birds are not listed under the federal Endangered Species Act but are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In terms of biomass, the insects greatly exceeded migratory birds in Britain.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Officials say the area supports native fish, more than 200 species of birds and links migratory routes for elk, pronghorn and other mammals.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 迁移的; 有迁居习惯（或特色）的; 流浪的; <医>游走性的
分布：迁移的(61%)，流浪的(39%)
→来自migrate,迁徙。
移居的,漂泊的(migr+atory)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
【记】读：me割rat，ory－我要用刀割老鼠－老鼠只能流浪了。
【参】immigrant（v 移入）；emigrant（v 移出）
【反】sedentary（adj 久坐的；不移栖的）
ADJ
(鱼类、鸟兽)迁徙的，迁移的，移栖的
A migratory bird, fish, or animal is one that migrates every year.
ADJ
移居的;迁徙的;迁移的
Migratory means relating to the migration of people, birds, fish, or animals.
例：...migratory farm labour.流动的农业劳动力
adj. [动] 迁移的；流浪的
 - ragamuffinly, nomadic

Word: memorabilia
Front: memorabilia
[ˌmemərəˈbɪliə] (10676/15259 -1)
Vocabulary: memorabilia
(once / 8995 pages)
n
The noun memorabilia describes items that remind you of a certain event or time period. Parents who save every drawing and report card their children bring home are collecting memorabilia for the future.
Been there, done that, got the t-shirt? That t-shirt is memorabilia. Memorabilia refers to anything that commemorates an event. It shows you were there — you have the t-shirt to prove it. But t-shirts didn't even exist in 1806, the year memorabilia was coined from the Latin word memorare, meaning "to bring to mind." You save memorabilia to help you remember, or jog your memory.
WORD FAMILY
memorabilia
USAGE EXAMPLES
The museum will not, as many assume, be a repository for “Star Wars” memorabilia.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Bower surrounds herself with childhood toys and collectibles, especially “Star Wars” memorabilia.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
I first interviewed Reynolds in 2011 at the Paley Center where she was auctioning off part of her famous collection of Hollywood memorabilia.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 值得纪念的事物; 大事记; 应记录下来的地方; 言行录
分布：大事记(77%)，值得纪念的事物(23%)
→来自拉丁语memorabilia,纪念品，值得记忆之事，词源同memory,memorable.
plural noun
■objects that are collected because they are connected with a person or event which is thought to be very interesting 纪念品；收藏品
• an auction of pop memorabilia 通俗艺术纪念品的拍卖
• Elvis memorabilia 猫王艾维斯纪念品

Word: materialism
Front: materialism
[məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm] (四六 12791/12735 -1)
Vocabulary: materialism
(once / 1231 pages)
n
Materialism describes the belief that buying and having possessions is not just important, but a key to happiness in life, like the people whose materialism has so clouded their minds that they are more interested in your clothes and shoes than in what you are saying.
Materialism has the word material in it. What is material? Well, it's stuff — anything you can see and touch, like a pile of books or a big, green lawn. To be material, a thing has to have physical form, unlike emotions, beliefs, deep conversations, thoughts. So materialism means putting all importance on stuff. Someone who suffers from materialism would rather be out spending money than spending time with loved ones.
WORD FAMILY
materialism: materialisms, materialist, materialistic +/dematerialise: dematerialised, dematerialises/dematerialize: dematerialized, dematerializes, dematerializing/ immaterial: immaterialise, immateriality, immaterialize, immaterially/immaterialise: immaterialised/immaterialize: immaterialized, immaterializes/ material: immaterial, materialise, materialism, materiality, materialize, materially, materials, nonmaterial/materialisation: materialisations/materialise: dematerialise, materialisation, materialised, materialises, materialising/materialist: materialists/ materialistic: materialistically/materiality: materialities/materialization: materializations/ materialize: dematerialize, materialization, materialized, materializes, materializing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will their children learn about gratitude or generosity, or greed and materialism?
Salon(Dec 03, 2016)
“This is the want, buy, get generation,” he says; sex is a part of China’s new materialism.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
It would seem that the archbishop's decision to make materialism the subject of his first book is no accident.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 唯物主义; 唯物论; 实利主义，物质主义; [艺]写实主义
分布：唯物主义(77%)，唯物论(18%)，实利主义(5%)
→来自material,物质，-ism,主义。即物质主义，用于哲学术语指唯物主义。
唯物主义(material物质)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [-'tɪr.i-] noun uncountable
MONEY 钱
■the belief that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life 实利主义；物质主义
• So have we become a self-centred society, preoccupied with materialism? 我们的社会已变成一个以自我为中心、物质主义盛行的社会了吗？
UK [mə'tɪə.ri.ə.lɪ.zəm] US [-'tɪr.i-] noun uncountable
PHYSICAL 物质的 specialized
■the belief that only physical matter exists and the spiritual world does not 唯物主义，唯物论

Word: nativity
Front: nativity
[nəˈtɪvəti] (23319/20135)
Vocabulary: nativity
(once / 11832 pages)
n
Nativity is a fancy way to say "birth." If you were born in Baltimore, you can say that's the location of your nativity.
Being born is a person's nativity, but the noun is most frequently used when Christians talk specifically about the birth of Jesus Christ. If a new mother says, "My baby's nativity was beautiful!" people might not know what she means. Nativity comes from the French word nativité, which also means "birth." The Latin root word is nativus, "born or native."
WORD FAMILY
nativity: nativities+/ native: natively, nativeness, natives, nativity, nonnative
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was variously an angel in a nativity play and a monkey god in an Indian epic.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Look a bit harder and the great paintings of the nativity story that we sentimentalise at Christmas are full of death and decay.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In the Middle Ages, caroling became popular with attendees of nativity plays.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指）基督的诞生，圣诞节; 出生
分布：诞生(74%)，出生(26%)
→来自native,出生的，降生的，特用于指耶稣诞生，词源同Noel.
n. 出生；出生地；（Nativity）耶稣的诞生
 - country of birth, born city

Word: multipolar
Front: multipolar
[ˌmʌltɪ'pəʊlə] (27787/-)
Back: adj. 多极的
分布：多极的(100%)

Word: neurotic
Front: neurotic
[njʊəˈrɒtɪk] (雅 14475/11764)
Vocabulary: neurotic
(once / 4614 pages)
adjn
If you call someone neurotic, you are saying she is stressed out. Neurotic can be a psychological term or it can be used more loosely. You may have a neurotic tendency to bite your nails or to pull out your hair. Ouch.
The adjective neurotic refers to someone who shows signs of mental disturbance but does not indicate complete psychosis. Neurotic comes from neuro-, from a Greek word for "nerve." It can also describe someone with neurotic behaviors, so you can think of a neurotic as someone who has a particularly bad case of nerves.
WORD FAMILY
neurotic: neurotically, neuroticism, neurotics, unneurotic+/ neurosis: neuroses, neurotic /neuroticism: neuroticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
But some of it is really not getting too neurotic about it.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Mr. Groff is winningly neurotic as a cranky composer facing mortality when hit by a brain malfunction.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
But something unexpected happens: Mendel falls madly in love with Trina, further entangling this skein of classic New York neurotics.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 神经官能症的; 神经质的; 神经过敏的; 极为焦虑的
n. 神经病人; 神经刺激剂
分布：神经过敏的(46%)，神经病患者(27%)，神经病的(27%)
→neuro-,神经，-otic,形容词后缀。
US [nʊr'ɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■behaving strangely or in an anxious (= worried and nervous) way, often because you have a mental illness 神经过敏的，神经质的
• neurotic behaviour/tendencies 神经质的行为／倾向
• She's neurotic about her weight - she weighs herself three times a day. 她对自己的体重有些神经过敏——每天要称三次体重。
UK [njʊə'rɒt.ɪk] US [nʊr'ɑ:.tˌɪk] noun countable
■someone who behaves strangely, often because they have a mental illness 神经过敏者，神经质者；神经官能症患者
adj. 神经过敏的；神经病的
 - jittery, ouchy
n. 神经病患者；神经过敏者
 - nervous wreck

Word: navajo
Front: navajo
['nævəhəʊ] (7701/36477)
Back: n. 纳瓦霍人（美国最大的印第安部落）
分布：纳瓦霍语(82%)，=Navaho.(18%)

Word: outcast
Front: outcast
[ˈaʊtkɑ:st] (雅 14051/14568 -1)
Vocabulary: outcast
(once / 1274 pages)
nadj
An outcast is someone who isn't wanted. To remember what outcast means, flip it around: outcasts have been cast out from somewhere.
No one wants to be an outcast: such people are rejected by their peers. We all feel like outcasts sometimes. For example, if no one wants to sit with you at lunch, you will probably feel like an outcast. There are much more serious cases too: if a person is thrown out of a community or country, they are considered an outcast (or an exile).
WORD FAMILY
outcast: outcasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the only non-French speakers, we felt alone and outcast.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The first princess would die here in Ratnagiri, an outcast.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Michelle is also a budding activist, who wants folks to “unlearn normal,” and embrace being an outcast.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 被抛弃者; 流浪的人; 被驱逐的人; 流氓，无赖
adj. 被遗弃的; 被逐出（家庭，国家）的; 无家可归的; 被排斥的
分布：被驱逐的人(32%)，被遗弃的(26%)，无家可归的(21%)，被逐出的(21%)
→out-,向外，cast,投掷，扔。引申词义被抛弃的人。
US [-kæst] noun countable
■a person who has no place in their society or in a particular group, because the society or group refuses to accept them 受排斥的人；被社会（或集体）抛弃的人；流浪者
• She has spent her life trying to help gypsies, beggars and other social outcasts. 她毕生致力于帮助吉普赛人、乞丐和其他的社会弃儿。
• She was a political outcast after the Party expelled her in 1982. 1982年，她被开除党籍后，变成一个政治流浪者。
n. 流浪的人；被驱逐的人
 - transportee
adj. 被遗弃的；无家可归的；被逐出的
 - homeless, forlorn

Word: ornament
Front: ornament
[ˈɔ:nəmənt] (研四六托雅 7737/7644 -1)
Vocabulary: ornament
(once / 166 pages)
nv
An ornament is a decoration. You can also ornament something by making it more beautiful or festive.
The most common use of ornament is probably in Christmas ornaments, which decorate a tree. Similarly, any ornament makes something prettier, flashier, or more festive. When you ornament something, you're beautifying, embellishing, or adorning it. Women ornament themselves with makeup. Men ornament themselves with face paint at football games. People ornament their offices with pictures of their families. Different cultures have their own ways of ornamenting themselves and their homes. If something looks boring, why not ornament it?
WORD FAMILY
ornament: ornamental, ornamentation, ornamented, ornamenting, ornaments+/ ornamental: ornamentalism, ornamentally, ornamentals/ornamentalism: ornamentalist/ornamentalist: ornamentalists/ ornamentation: ornamentations/ornamented: unornamented
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wrap fragile ornaments in leftover tissue paper or newspaper, or invest in storage containers like archival ornament boxes from the Container Store.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Iames would collect old lumber to build skis, lawn ornaments and doorstops to earn extra money as a child.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This year, Middleton - whose husband died from a heart attack six months ago - couldn’t bring herself to put up the ornaments without him.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 装饰; 装饰物; [乐]装饰音
v. 装饰; 美化
时态：ornamented, ornamenting, ornaments
分布：装饰(92%)，装饰物(8%)
→来自拉丁语ornare,装饰，来自ordnare,安排，布置，词源同order,adorn.-ment,名词后缀。引申词义装饰品。
装饰品(orna+ment→装饰品)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
v.装饰,美化n.装饰,装饰物The mental patient thinks the cement is the elementary element of the ornament.精神病人认为水泥是装饰品的基本成分.
US [ˈɔːr-]
countable
■an object which is beautiful rather than useful 装饰物，饰品
• a glass ornament 玻璃饰物
• garden ornaments such as statues and fountains 如雕像、喷泉等花园装饰物
uncountable formal
■decoration which is added to increase the beauty of something 点缀；装饰；摆设
• The building relies on clever design rather than on ornament for its impressive effect. 这幢大楼给人留下深刻印象，是依靠它巧妙的设计而非装饰。
verb transitive UK [ˈɔː.nə.ment] US [ˈɔːr-] slightly formal
■to add decoration to something 装饰，点缀
• She ornamented her letters with little drawings in the margin. 她在信的页边空白处画上小图案来作装饰。
decorate, ornament
这组词都有“装饰”的意思，其区别是：
decorate: 普通用词，指对人或物进行装饰，使之更加完美。
ornament: 指装饰以精美之物，使某处或某物增添美丽的或景色。
n. [建] [服装] 装饰；装饰物；教堂用品
 - decoration, adornment
vt. [建] [服装] 装饰，修饰
 - paint, hang, modify, bedeck

Word: obedient
Front: obedient
[əˈbi:diənt] (研六雅宝 14489/14157 -1)
Vocabulary: obedient
(once / 152 pages)
adj
If you always do what you’re told, you can be described as obedient. Authority figures love to have obedient followers.
When you realize that the word obedient comes from a Latin word meaning “to obey,” it’s easy to remember what obedient means. Use obedient to describe someone who knows the rules, toes the line, and follows instructions. The word can refer to people (an obedient student), a group (obedient citizens), or even animals (an obedient dog).
WORD FAMILY
obedient: disobedient, obedience, obedientest, obediently+/disobedience: disobediences/ disobedient: disobedience, disobediently/ obedience: obediences
USAGE EXAMPLES
So long as he is prime minister of Israel he knows he won’t get the totally obedient media he wants.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Yet, despite their energy, I find them not classical but academic: obedient to self-made rules without revealing any inner impulse.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“She basically had one act, which was going from an obedient character to a machine-like avenger,” he added.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 顺从的，服从的; 忠顺的; 孝顺的; 驯良的
分布：顺从的(66%)，服从的(34%)
→来自拉丁语obedire,听从，顺从，来自ob-,向前，-ed,听，词源同audit,audience,obey.
服从的(obey服从)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
服从的[obed=obey(服从)]
a.服从的,顺从的The one-eyed man obeyed the obedient audience's order.独眼人服从了顺从的听众的命令.
【记】源于：obey（v 服从）
【反】contumacious（adj 不听令的）；impertinent（adj 鲁莽无礼的）；imperious（adj 专横的）；impudent（adj 放肆无礼的）；imperial（adj 皇帝的）
US [oʊ-] adjective
■doing, or willing to do, what you have been told to do by someone in authority 服从的；顺从的，听话的
• Students are expected to be quiet and obedient in the classroom. 学生们在课堂上应该安静听话。
• an obedient dog 听话的狗
⇒ See also obey Opposite disobedient
obedient, objective, obstinate, obscure
obedient: 服从的，顺从的
objective: 客观的；
obstinate: 顽固的，顽强的；
obscure: 晦涩的，难理解的；
adj. 顺从的，服从的；孝顺的
 - followed, subject, compliant, submissive

Word: notification
Front: notification
[ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (六 11740/10078 -1)
Vocabulary: notification
(once / 4576 pages)
n
A notification is a formal notice, request, or warning. You might get a notification from your landlord that you need to shovel the snow on your sidewalk, or a notification from your school that you've won an award.
Some notifications arrive in the form of a letter in your mailbox, while others are verbal (you might get a phone call that's a notification that your cat is due for a shot at the vet), and many more are sent as emails or other electronic messages. The Latin source is notificare , "to make known," which comes from the roots notus, "known," and facere, "make."
WORD FAMILY
notification: notifications+/ notice: noticeable, noticed, noticer, notices, noticing, notify / noticeable: noticeability, noticeableness, noticeably, unnoticeable/noticed: unnoticed/ notify: notifiable, notification, notified, notifies, notifying/unnoticeable: unnoticeableness, unnoticeably/unnoticed: unnoticedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Often mere notification of a review by the panel discourages deals.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Media outlets report the woman’s name was withheld pending notification of relatives.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The name of the man was being withheld pending notification of next of kin.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 通知; 通知单; 布告; 公布
分布：通知(96%)，通告(3%)，告示(1%)
US [ˌnoʊ.tˌə-] noun countable or uncountable
■when you tell someone officially about something, or a document which does this 通知（书）；通告；告示
• You must give the bank (a) written notification if you wish to close your account. 如果你想撤销帐户，必须向银行发一份书面通知。
n. [管理] 通知；通告； [法] 告示
 - advice, information, announcement

Word: paperless
Front: paperless
[ˈpeɪpələs] (29223/35110)
Back: adj. 无纸传输信息（或数据）的

Word: proselytise

Word: radioactivity
Front: radioactivity
[ˌreɪdɪəʊæk'tɪvətɪ] (四六 20084/16448)
Back: n. 放射（性）; 辐射能
分布：放射性(81%)，辐射(19%)
US [-oʊ.æk'tɪv.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality that some atoms have of producing energy, which can be very harmful to health 放射（性）
■the energy produced by atoms in this way 放射线；辐射线；辐射能
• A dangerous amount of radioactivity was released into the environment last month. 上个月泄漏了大量的放射线，造成很大危险。
n. 放射性； [核] 放射能力；放射现象
 - emissive power, gamma activity

Word: punctuation
Front: punctuation
[ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn] (高 15876/12610)
Vocabulary: punctuation
(once / 2184 pages)
n
Punctuation is marking that clarifies sentences. if you write a sentence that is a string of words even if theyre good words but you do it without punctuation then it will look like this making your reader unhappy
Punctuation tells you when a sentence has come to an end, or if it's a question, and you can't write a sentence without at least one punctuation mark: the period. You can also use punctuation to talk about non-verbal emphasis. If you tell your dog to stop chewing your shoe, you might stamp your foot as punctuation. A slow speaker who chews slightly at the end of each sentence has an unfortunate kind of punctuation.
WORD FAMILY
punctuation: punctuations+/ punctuate: punctuated, punctuates, punctuating, punctuation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patterns — including yards of circles, dancing squiggles and twinned images — fill “Paterson,” creating a vibrant visual punctuation to the otherwise relaxed storytelling.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
If the spelling and punctuation of that document are more than a little dated, its principles aren’t.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Never trust a man who over-uses exclamation marks: he’s not being witty, he’s just using punctuation to shout.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 标点法; 标点符号; 标点符号的使用; 点标点
分布：标点(99%)，强调(1%)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(the use of) special marks that you add to writing to separate phrases and sentences, to show that something is a question, etc 标点符号；标点符号用法
• His letter was completely without punctuation. 他的信里一个标点符号也没有。
n. [遗] [语] 标点；标点符号
 - point, interpunction

Word: puritanism
Front: puritanism
['pjʊərɪtə.nɪz(ə)m] (29014/25707)
Back: n. 清教徒的行为和教义，清教主义
分布：清教主义(89%)，道德上的极端拘谨(11%)
→来自puritan,清教徒，-ism,主义，思想。
US ['pjʊr.ɪ.tˌən-] noun uncountable
■the belief that self-control and hard work are important and that pleasure is wrong or unnecessary 极端拘谨的道德观
Puritanism
■the beliefs and behaviour of a Puritan 清教徒的教义和行为；清教主义

Word: repackage
Front: repackage
[ˌri:ˈpækɪdʒ] (22367/34073)
Back: vt. 重新包装
时态：repackaged, repackaging, repackages
分布：重新包装(100%)
vt. 重新包装；重新装配
 - reassemble

Word: rarefied
Front: rarefied
[ˈreərɪfaɪd] (21700/21373)
Vocabulary: rarefied
(once / 7142 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective rarefied to describe things that are so stylish, smart, or moral that they seem elevated above the ordinary, like the rarefied conversation of brilliant scholars.
To correctly pronounce rarefied, accent the first syllable: "RARE-uh-fied." In addition to high-minded conversation, the word rarefied can also describe the air in high elevations that has less oxygen, like the rarefied air that can be challenging to mountain climbers. Sometimes the quality of airlessness shades the other meaning of the word, implying that the rarefied world of elegant people isn't comfortable to everyone.
WORD FAMILY
rarefy: rarefaction, rarefied, rarefies, rarefying+/ rarefaction: rarefactions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The job of celebrity and society reporter, even one at the top of this rarefied field, seemed no longer enough for a family breadwinner.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Within that town, the scientific community that I became part of in my 20s is even more rarefied.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
If he took part in the daily briefing, Mr. Kushner would join one of the most rarefied circles in Washington.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 纯净的，稀薄的
v. 使稀薄( rarefy的过去式和过去分词 ); （思想等）精炼; 使纯化; 使变得精妙深奥
分布：稀薄的(69%)，极高的(22%)，动词rarefy的过去式和过去分词形式.(9%)
→来自 rarefy,使高雅。比喻用法。
US ['rer.ə-] adjective
LITTLE OXYGEN 空气缺氧的
■(of air) with little oxygen （空气）缺氧的，稀薄的
UK ['reə.rɪ.faɪd] US ['rer.ə-] adjective
NOT ORDINARY 单纯的，清高的
■describes a place or situation which does not have any of the problems of ordinary life （地方或环境）单纯的，清高的
• the rarefied atmosphere/circles of college life 单纯的大学生活氛围／大学里单纯的生活圈子
adj. 稀薄的；纯化的
 - thin, subtle

Word: refill
Front: refill
[ˌri:ˈfɪl] (12907/15057 -1)
Vocabulary: refill
(once / 3759 pages)
vn
To refill is to fill something again, the way you refill your motorcycle's gas tank or refill your cat's water bowl when you notice it's almost empty.
You can also refill a prescription, by going to the pharmacy and getting another month's worth of medication. The bottle of pills itself can also be called a refill. People commonly use this word as a noun for the act of filling up, too: "Hey, grab that waiter and ask for a refill on the Cokes!"
WORD FAMILY
refill: refilled, refilling, refills+/ fill: filled, filler, filling, fills, overfill, refill /filled: unfilled/filler: fillers/filling: fillings/overfill: overfilled, overfilling, overfills/refilling: refillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state also found additional money in accounts that won’t be refilled with more funds next year.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I eavesdropped as I emptied ashtrays and refilled mugs.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Then, as gases and magma refill the chamber, it begins to inflate again.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 再注满; 重新装满; 再填; 再补充
n. 替换物; 再注满
vi. 被再注满
时态：refilled, refilling, refills
分布：再装满(58%)，替换物(42%)
→red-,再，重新，fill,装满。
noun countable
■(a container holding) an amount of some material needed to fill up again an object which has become empty （容器的）填充物，填补料；再次填充满…的量
• My pen seems to be running out of ink - I need a refill. 我的钢笔好像没墨水了——我得再去灌满它。
• informal Chuck, you've nearly finished your drink - do you want a refill? 查克，你杯里的酒快喝完了——还想添满吗？
['ri:.fɪl] verb transitive /ˌriːˈfɪl/
■to fill something again 填充物，填补料；再次填充满…的量
• He got up and refilled their glasses. 他起身为他们把杯子重新斟满。
vt. 再装满；再充满
 - replenish
n. 替换物；再注满
 - alternate

Word: requisite
Front: requisite
[ˈrekwɪzɪt] (六宝 12141/11947 -1)
Vocabulary: requisite
(once / 551 pages)
adjn
Requisite is a formal or fancy word for indispensable. During your punk phase, you refused to leave the house without the requisite leather jacket, black boots, and mohawk.
To remember this word, notice how similar it is to required. College students looking to sign up for classes they find interesting often bump up against the word prerequisite, which refers to a list of classes they will need to take before the one they're interested in.
WORD FAMILY
requisite: prerequisite, requisiteness, requisites+/ prerequisite: prerequisites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Admittedly, many of us in media-land tend to lockstep to the same films, or throw in a requisite foreign outlier.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
If the company were to secure the requisite permits to operate — and that’s a big if — it’s not clear that it would succeed.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
J Street said it “vehemently opposed” the nomination, cautioning that he lacked the requisite diplomatic or policy credentials.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 必需品; 要素，要件
adj. 需要的，必要的
分布：必要的(66%)，需要的(21%)，必需品(13%)
→来自 require,要求，-s,过去分词格，-ite,形容词后缀。
必要的n.必需品(re再+quis+ite→一再寻求的→必要的)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
['rek.wɪ.zɪt] formal
adjective [before noun]
■necessary; needed for a particular purpose 必要的；需要的；必不可少的
• He lacked the requisite skills for the job. 他缺少从事这项工作所必需的技能。
• The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention. 批准这项条约的国家已经达到了规定的数目。
['rek.wɪ.zɪt] formal
noun countable usually plural
■an important necessary thing 必需品；必要条件
• A good book is a requisite for long journeys. 一本好书是长途旅行中必备之物。
• Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence. 自尊、自量和坚持自我据说是自立的三个必备条件。
requisite, essential, indispensable, necessary
这组词都有“必不可少的，必需的”的意思，其区别是：
requisite: 正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与necessary换用。
essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。
indispensable: 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。
necessary: 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。
adj. 必备的，必不可少的；需要的
 - needed
n. 必需品
 - necessity, want

Word: scanty
Front: scanty
[ˈskænti] (托 25084/19368)
Vocabulary: scanty
(once / 587 pages)
adjn
We refer to an amount or thing that is not quite enough as scanty, or lacking. It's an adjective used to describe something that doesn't offer enough, as in "farmers having a scanty crop in a drought year."
The adjective scanty comes from the Old Norse scamt, which means "short or brief," and so suggests a small amount. The word usually suggests a meager amount, and can refer to anything that is barely sufficient. Someone trying to stretch a meal might offer scanty servings. On a humorous note, a Roaring Twenties flapper referred to her underwear as scanties.
WORD FAMILY
scanty: scantier, scanties, scantiest, scantily, scantiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s an ideal binge because each episode is very scanty,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Though the audience adored the Arabian dance, its gymnastic feats, with high lifts and scanty clothing, are really just another cliché.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
He makes assertions with the scantiest of proof, but delivered with utter certainty.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. （大小或数量）不足的，勉强够的
级别：scantier, scantiest
分布：不足的(47%)，缺乏的(45%)，不够的(8%)
→来自 scant,微小的，不足的，-y,形容词后缀。
【记】scan扫描仪，ty：需要用扫描仪才能找到－缺乏的
【反】profuse＝abundant＝considerable＝plentiful（adj 极其丰富的）；voluminous（adj 卷数多的；大部分的）；myriad（adj 无数的）；
US [-tˌi] adjective
■smaller in size or amount than is considered necessary or is hoped for 少量的；不足的；缺乏的
• scanty evidence/information 不充分的证据／资讯
adj. 缺乏的；吝啬的；仅有的；稀疏的
 - tight, lacking, scarce

Word: restock
Front: restock
[ˌri:ˈstɒk] (22879/33605)
Back: vt. 重新进货，再储存
时态：restocked, restocking, restocks
分布：重新进货(54%)，补充鱼苗(23%)，再储备(23%)
→re-,再，重新，stock,囤积，储存。
vi. 补充货源；补足
 - make up a loss, make sth up

Word: resonant
Front: resonant
[ˈrezənənt] (雅宝 14025/15224)
Vocabulary: resonant
(once / 2023 pages)
adj
Resonant describes sound that is deep and rich. It also can mean deeply evocative. A resonant speech moves you by bringing to mind all that is good in the world: family, friends, laughter.
Resonant comes from the Latin re, meaning again, and sonare, meaning to sound––or literally to sound again or echo. So resonant's meanings all have that sense of reverberating or echoing. Not only does it mean echoing or evoking meaning, but it also refers to sound that echoes through a room. Don't confuse the spellings of resonant (the adjective) and resonate (the verb).
WORD FAMILY
resonant: nonresonant, resonance, resonantly+/ resonance: resonances
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sentiment was certainly still resonant among certain people, however.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
It was a message, he suggested, that remains as resonant today as over the past seven decades.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Former Exxon executives noted that he even fit the mold of a Texas oilman — physically imposing, with a resonant voice and a drawl.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 洪亮的; 回响的; 共振的; 能共鸣的
分布：共鸣的(47%)，洪亮的(32%)，回响的(21%)
回响的;洪亮的(re+son声音+ant→声音回过来→回响的)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
有回声的;共鸣的(re回+son+ant→有回声的)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
【记】re反复，son声音，ant－声音反复－洪亮的；回响的
【参】dissonant（adj 不和谐的）；supersonic（adj 超音波的）
【反】muffled（声音压抑的）
adjective
SOUND 声音
■clear and loud, or causing sounds to be clear and loud （声音）洪亮的，响亮的，回响的，回声的
• a deep, resonant voice 深沉而洪亮的嗓音
• a resonant concert hall 共鸣效果好的音乐厅
⇒ See also resound
['rez.ən.ənt] adjective
QUALITY 特质
■making you think of a similar experience or memory 引起共鸣的；引起联想的
• We felt privileged to be the first group of Western visitors to enter the historic palace, resonant with past conflicts. 步入这样一个有着重要历史意义、激起无数关于历史冲突的遐想的宫殿中，作为第一批来此参观的西方游客，我们深感荣幸。
adj. 洪亮的，共振的； [语] 共鸣的
 - rotund, syntonous

Word: siena

Word: southernmost
Front: southernmost
[ˈsʌðənməʊst] (20265/22677)
Back: adj. 最南的，极南的
分布：最南的(100%)
US [-ɚn.moʊst] adjective
■furthest towards the south of an area 最南（端）的
• the southernmost tip of the island 岛的最南端

Word: schizophrenic
Front: schizophrenic
[ˌskɪtsəˈfrenɪk] (19523/20663 -1)
Vocabulary: schizophrenic
(once / 15532 pages)
adjn
If you are schizophrenic, you suffer from schizophrenia, a mental disorder that include auditory hallucinations (you hear voices) and paranoid behavior.
Schizophrenics used to be thought to have "split personalities," and the roots of the word attests to that early understanding. The word schizophrenia combines the Greek skhizein "split" and phren "mind." Now, the disease is understood differently, but schizophrenic or the more casual schizoid refers to anything that changes erratically. A movie that's alternately enthralling and boring might be said to be schizophrenic in its pacing.
WORD FAMILY
schizophrenic: schizophrenically, schizophrenics+/ schizophrenia: schizophrenias, schizophrenic
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of its most important theoreticians, John Nash, was also a paranoid schizophrenic, who believed himself to be the target of a vast Russian conspiracy.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Herring, who was bipolar and schizophrenic, refused food, drink and mental health medication during his four weeks in custody.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Doctors eventually diagnosed a schizophrenic affective disorder that caused aggression.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. [医]精神分裂症的
n. 精神分裂症患者
分布：精神分裂症患者(67%)，精神分裂症的(33%)
→schizophrenia,精神分裂症，-ic,形容词后缀。
noun countable
■someone who suffers from schizophrenia 精神分裂症患者

Word: sulawesi

Word: stud
Front: stud
[stʌd] (9388/10060 -1)
Vocabulary: stud
(once / 916 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A stud is a metal piece that sticks out, usually for decoration. You might have studs spelling out "Mom" on your leather jacket. Straight, simple earrings — a single pearl on a straight post, for instance — are also called studs.
There are a few meanings of stud that you should know if you are an equestrian or in construction. A stud is a male horse used for breeding, and it’s also slang for a macho he-man. If you want to hang a heavy mirror on a wall, you have to find the studs — the upright boards behind the wall — and hammer your nails into the studs, so the nails are anchored to something solid so they can support the weight of the mirror.
WORD FAMILY
stud: studded, studding, studs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They live in stone apartment blocks studded by modern playgrounds, drawn by bigger spaces for less money than are available elsewhere in the city.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
Schwartz slapped his palm on a wall studded with steel bracing rods—short-term solutions to an intractable long-term problem.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Michael’s career was studded with proof of his deep respect for the art of pop.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 种马; 大头钉; （衣袖等的）饰钮; [建]壁骨
vt. 用饰钮装饰; 散布; 用壁骨支撑
时态：studded, studding, studs
分布：种马(30%)，大头钉(12%)，点缀(10%)，耳环(10%)，饰钉(10%)，立柱(9%)，镶嵌(8%)，壁骨(7%)，板墙筋(2%)，年轻男子(2%)
→来自古英语 studu,柱子，支撑，来自 Proto-Germanic*stud,柱子，来自 stu,变体形式自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,state.后用于指钉头，节，把，并引申词义耳钉，鼻钉等。stud 种马
noun
HORSE 马
countable
■a group of animals, especially high quality horses, kept for breeding 种畜；（尤指）良种种马
• David Grenfell runs a 170-acre stud farm in Co. Wexford, Ireland. 戴维‧格伦费尔在爱尔兰的韦克斯福德郡经营一个170英亩的种马场。
put (out) to stud specialized
■kept for breeding 留作种畜；留作种马
• The Derby winner Generous will be put to stud in Britain at the end of the season. 德比赛马的获胜者“慷慨”在本赛季结束后将会作为种马留在英国。
[stʌd] noun
MAN 人
countable slang
■a man who is thought to have sex a lot and be good at it 风流男子，四处留情的男人
• He thinks he's a real stud. 他自认为是个风流情种。
[stʌd] noun
DECORATION 装饰
countable usually plural
■a small nail or piece of metal, with a large rounded top, that is hammered into or fixed to the surface of something, usually for decoration （通常作装饰的）饰钉，嵌钉
[stʌd] noun
JEWELLERY 首饰
countable
■a small piece of metal jewellery that is put through a part of your body such as your ear or nose 钉状首饰；耳钉；鼻插
• gold studs 金耳钉
• a nose stud 鼻插
[stʌd] noun
BOOT 靴子
countable UK (US cleat)
■any of the small pointed objects which stick out from the bottom of some boots and shoes used in particular sports, especially football （尤指足球鞋的）鞋钉
[stʌd] noun
FASTENER 扣紧物
countable
■a fastener made from two small flat parts joined together by a short bar, used for clothing, especially in the past to fix collars onto shirts （尤指旧时的）领扣
[stʌd] noun
TYRE 轮胎
countable US
■a small piece of metal, many of which are fixed to special tyres used for driving in the snow （通常作装饰的）饰钉，嵌钉
n. 种马； [五金] 大头钉；饰纽；壁骨
 - stallion, stone-horse
vt. 散布；用许多饰钮等装饰
 - distribute, spread

Word: stardom
Front: stardom
[ˈstɑ:dəm] (托 13036/20193 -1)
Back: n. 演员们; 明星界; 明星地位; 群星
分布：明星地位(58%)，演员身份(42%)
→star,明星，-dom,表状态。
US ['stɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■fame 名声，声誉
• From childhood, Britney Spears seemed destined for stardom. 从童年起，小甜甜布兰妮似乎就注定了会大红大紫。

Word: summiteer
Front: summiteer
[ˌsʌmɪ'tɪə] (40458/-)
Back: n. 最高级会议参加者
分布：最高级会议参加者(100%)

Word: susceptibility
Front: susceptibility
[səˌseptəˈbɪləti] (宝 13978/14819 -1)
Vocabulary: susceptibility
(once / 2625 pages)
n
Susceptibility is a tendency to be affected by something. Some people have a greater susceptibility to colds than others.
A susceptibility is a type of weakness, but a particular kind. If your knee keeps getting injured, you may have a susceptibility to knee problems. If alcoholism runs in your family, you probably have a susceptibility to being an alcoholic yourself. Some people have a susceptibility to spending a lot of money or eating too much. When you have a susceptibility, there's something you can't resist or can't fight off.
WORD FAMILY
susceptibility: susceptibilities+/ susceptible: insusceptible, susceptibility, susceptibleness, susceptibly, unsusceptible/unsusceptible: unsusceptibility
USAGE EXAMPLES
Genetics are a key factor in the heritability of mental illness and susceptibility to addiction.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
About 70% of the genetic loci that contribute to IBD susceptibility are thought to be shared with other complex diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
The media feeds our susceptibility to filter bubbles and capitalizes on contagious emotions such as anger.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 易受影响或损害的状态，感受性; 感情（脆弱之处）; 磁化系数
分布：敏感性(64%)，磁化率(28%)，感受性(8%)
→susceptible,易受影响的，敏感的，-ity,名词后缀。
【记】源于：susceptible（adj 易受影响的；易感动的），sus下面，cept接受，ible－在下面容易接受的－易受影响的
【参】suspense（n 焦虑；悬而不决）；suspicion（n 猜疑）
【反】immunity（n 免疫性）
US [-ə.i] noun
uncountable
■when someone or something is easily influenced, harmed or infected 敏感性，易受影响（或伤害、感染）
susceptibilities [plural]
■the feelings someone has which are likely to be hurt 敏感的感情，容易受伤的感情
• I didn't mean to offend/upset/hurt your susceptibilities. 我不是有意要伤害你的感情。
n. 敏感性；感情；磁化系数
 - sensitivity, affection, heart, feeling, sentiment

Word: superstate
Front: superstate
[ˈsu:pəsteɪt] (36409/42177)
Back: n. 超大国，极权主义国家
分布：超级大国(50%)，整体主义国家(50%)
US [-pɚ-] noun countable
■a large and powerful state formed when several smaller countries unite （由一些小国家联合组成的）超国家，政治共同体
• a European/Federal superstate 欧洲超国家／联邦共同体

Word: thatch
Front: thatch
[θætʃ] (托宝 20118/19178 -1)
Back: n. （稻草、芦苇等盖的）茅草屋顶; 乱蓬蓬的头发，又脏又乱的头发
vt. 用茅草盖（房子等）的屋顶，用茅草覆盖（屋顶）
时态：thatched, thatching, thatches
分布：茅草(50%)，茅草屋顶(50%)
→来自古英语 theccan,盖茅草，遮盖屋顶，来自 Proto-Germanic*thakan,遮盖，隐藏，来自 steg, 遮盖，隐藏，词源同 tegular,deck,detective.
【记】读：that吃，那个能吃的屋顶－茅草屋顶
verb transitive
■to make a roof for a building with straw or reeds 用茅草覆盖（屋顶）
[θætʃ] noun uncountable
■ straw or reeds used to make roofs （用以盖屋顶的）茅草
thatch of hair
■a mass of thick or untidy hair 浓密的头发；乱蓬蓬的头发
n. 茅草，杂草；浓密的头发；茅草屋顶
 - couch grass, fireweed

Word: ta
Front: ta
[tɑ:] (12563/6757 -1)
Back: int. <英·非正>谢谢
→来自婴儿表达谢谢用语。比较 ta-ta.
UK informal
exclamation
■thank you 谢谢

Word: thee
Front: thee
[ði:] (10567/-)
Back: pron. <古>(thou的宾格)你
分布：汝(72%)，你自己(28%)
[ði:] old use
pronoun
■you; object form of thou ; used when speaking to one person 你，汝 （thou 的受格）
• With this ring, I thee wed. 以此戒指为证，我与卿结为夫妇。

Word: symmetrical
Front: symmetrical
[sɪˈmetrɪkl] (六托 13664/11820 -1)
Vocabulary: symmetrical
(once / 2156 pages)
adj
Something that is symmetrical has corresponding similar parts: in other words, one side is the same as the other.
If you can draw a line down the center of something and get two similar halves, it’s symmetrical. Shapes like squares and circles are symmetrical. Unless you've had a serious injury like losing a limb, the human body is symmetrical. Some people think that faces that are more perfectly symmetrical are more beautiful than other faces. On the other hand, an eye patch tends to look kind of cool, even though it makes a face unsymmetrical.
WORD FAMILY
symmetrical: symmetrically, symmetricalness, unsymmetrical+/symmetric: unsymmetric/symmetrise: symmetrised/symmetrize: symmetrized/ symmetry: dissymmetry, supersymmetry, symmetric, symmetrical, symmetries, symmetrise, symmetrize/unsymmetrical: unsymmetrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Europeans thought of the world as perfect and symmetrical, according to “Franklin’s Lost Ship,” a book by John Geiger and Alanna Mitchell.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
The queens came off on Move 19, and by Move 30 the players were down to a bishop apiece and a completely symmetrical pawn structure.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Seconds later, he and Skiles felt a sudden, complete and bilaterally symmetrical loss of thrust.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 对称的，匀称的
分布：对称的(100%)
→symmetry,对称，-ical,形容词后缀。
对称的(symmetry对称+ical)[-ical表形容词"…的"]
ADJ
对称的
If something is symmetrical, it has two halves which are exactly the same, except that one half is the mirror image of the other.
例：...the neat rows of perfectly symmetrical windows.一排排整齐而且完全对称的窗子
adj. 匀称的，对称的
 - well-proportioned, meristic

Word: thickly
Front: thickly
[ˈθɪkli] (14903/10439 -K)
Back: adv. 厚厚地; 浓密地; 繁茂地; 频繁地
分布：厚厚地(44%)，声音沙哑地(28%)，浓密地(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
厚的;粗的
Something that is thick has a large distance between its two opposite sides.
例：For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and syrup...早餐我吃了一片厚厚的涂了糖浆的面包。
例：He wore glasses with thick rims...他戴了一副厚框眼镜。
ADJ
宽的;深的
You can use thick to talk or ask about how wide or deep something is.
例：The folder was two inches thick...那个文件夹有两英寸厚。
例：How thick are these walls?这些墙有多厚？
ADJ-GRADED
浓的;密的;密集的;茂密的
If something that consists of several things is thick, it has a large number of them very close together.
例：She inherited our father's thick, wavy hair...她继承了我们父亲那头浓密的卷发。
例：They walked through thick forest.他们徒步穿越了茂密的森林。
ADJ-GRADED
充满的;密布的
If something is thick with another thing, the first thing is full of or covered with the second.
例：The air is thick with acrid smoke from the fires...空气中弥漫着火灾产生的刺鼻浓烟。
例：She ate scones thick with butter.她吃了一些涂满了黄油的烤饼。
ADJ-GRADED
(衣服)厚的，厚重的，暖和的
Thick clothes are made from heavy cloth, so that they will keep you warm in cold weather.
例：In the winter she wears thick socks, Wellington boots and gloves...冬天，她穿着厚袜子和橡胶雨靴，戴着手套。
例：She wore a thick tartan skirt and a red cashmere sweater.她穿了一条厚厚的格子呢裙和一件红色羊绒衫。
ADJ-GRADED
(烟、雾、云)浓的，混浊的，能见度低的
Thick smoke, fog, or cloud is difficult to see through.
例：The smoke was bluish-black and thick...那烟黑中带蓝，而且很浓。
例：It wasn't very thick fog.雾不算很浓。
ADJ-GRADED
(液体)浓的，稠的
Thick liquids are fairly stiff and solid and do not flow easily.
例：They had to battle through thick mud to reach construction workers...他们只好挣扎着穿过厚厚的泥巴去找建筑工人。
例：The sauce is thick and rich so don't bother trying to diet.这个酱汁又浓又香，别费劲节食了。
ADJ-GRADED
(声音)不清楚的，沙哑的，低沉的
If someone's voice is thick, they are not speaking clearly, for example because they are ill, upset, or drunk.
例：When he spoke his voice was thick with bitterness.他说话时，声音低沉，充满痛苦。
ADJ-GRADED
(口音)重的，浓的
A thick accent is very obvious and easy to identify.
例：He answered our questions in English but with a thick accent...他用英语回答了我们的问题，不过口音很重。
例：'What do you want?' a teenage girl demanded in a thick German accent.“你想要什么？”一个十几岁少女操着一口浓重的德国口音问道。
ADJ-GRADED
笨的;蠢的
If you describe someone as thick, you think they are stupid.
例：How could she have been so thick?她怎么能蠢到那个地步？
PHRASE
大量而迅速地;接二连三地
If things happen thick and fast, they happen very quickly and in large numbers.
例：The rumours have been coming thick and fast...谣言接二连三地传来。
例：Distress calls were pouring in thick and fast from all over the area.求救电话从该地区各地蜂拥而至。
PHRASE
积极从事;深度参与
If you are in the thick of an activity or situation, you are very involved in it.
例：I enjoy being in the thick of things...我喜欢全身心投入到事情当中。
例：Peterson suddenly found himself in the thick of desperate fighting.彼得森突然发现自己身陷一场殊死搏斗中。
PHRASE
不顾艰难险阻;历尽千辛万苦
If you do something through thick and thin, you do it although the conditions or circumstances are very bad.
例：She'd stuck by Bob through thick and thin...她对鲍勃不离不弃，甘苦与共。
例：I will go on loving James through thick and thin no matter what happens.不管发生什么，不管经历多少艰辛，我都会一直爱着詹姆斯。

Word: treadmill
Front: treadmill
[ˈtredmɪl] (托 9677/19289 -1)
Back: n. 踏车; 单调的工作; （锻炼身体的）跑步机
分布：跑步机(73%)，踏车(25%)，繁重的工作(2%)
noun
REPEATED WORK 重复性工作
only singular
■any type of repeated work which is boring and makes you feel tired and seems to have no positive effect and no end 繁重无聊的重复性工作
• There were days when child-rearing seemed like an endless treadmill of feeding, washing and nappy-changing. 过去养育孩子似乎就是永无休止的喂饭、洗衣和换尿布，繁重而又单调。
['tred.mɪl] noun
EXERCISE MACHINE 运动机器
countable
■an exercise machine which consists of a moving strip or two step-like parts on which you walk without moving forward （锻炼用的）踏步机，跑步机
['tred.mɪl] noun
WHEEL 车轮
countable
■a wide wheel turned by the weight of people climbing on steps around its edge, used in the past to provide power for machines or, more usually, as a punishment for prisoners （过去通常用以惩罚犯人的）踏车

Word: tongued
Front: tongued
[tʌŋd] (45451/40332)
Back: adj. 说话…的
分布：说话 ... 的(100%)

Word: toad
Front: toad
[təʊd] (六托 12413/10619 -1)
Back: n. 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆; 讨厌的家伙
分布：蟾蜍(74%)，癞蛤蟆(26%)
→来自中古英语 tode,蟾蜍，来自古英语 tadie,蟾蜍，词源同 tadpole.
US [toʊd] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a small brownish green animal, similar to a frog , which has big eyes and long back legs for swimming and jumping 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆
• Toads have dryer, lumpier skins than frogs and spend less time in the water. 蟾蜍的皮比青蛙干燥，疙瘩也更多，留在水中的时间比青蛙少。
UK [təʊd] US [toʊd] noun countable
MAN 人 informal
■an extremely unpleasant man, especially one who is not very physically attractive 极令人讨厌的人；（尤指）丑八怪
• [as form of address] You lying toad! 你这个爱撒谎的丑八怪！
n. [脊椎] 蟾蜍；癞蛤蟆；讨厌的家伙
 - hoptoad, sad apple

Word: travesty
Front: travesty
[ˈtrævəsti] (托宝 18038/19963)
Vocabulary: travesty
(once / 5026 pages)
nv
A travesty is a cheap mockery, usually of something or someone serious, such as a travesty of justice.
A travesty is a silly imitation, like a tall young man dressed up like a little old lady. Travesty and transvestite both come from French travesti meaning "dressed in disguise," so it helps to remember the definition of travesty by thinking of that football player in drag. A travesty can be more than that, though. A travesty of justice, for example, is a court case that makes a mockery of the system, or so you might think if the verdict isn't in your favor. There are lots of examples in literature: the book Don Quixote is a travesty of Medieval Romance.
WORD FAMILY
travesty: travestied, travesties, travestying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tom Hollander returns to the role of Henry Carr in the West End transfer of Tom Stoppard's Travesties to the Apollo.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
It was a travesty of competitiveness, of will with so much left to win.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
"The Egyptian court finally awoke to the travesty of justice entailed in jailing a novelist for a work of fiction," Nossel said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 拙劣的模仿作品，荒谬的模仿，歪曲
vt. 拙劣或荒谬地模仿，嘲弄
时态：travestied, travestying, travesties
分布：歪曲(55%)，漫画(17%)，滑稽模仿(14%)，曲解(7%)，使 ... 滑稽化(7%)
→tra-,转变，-vest,衣服，词源同 vest,transvestite.字面意思即换衣服，改头换面，引申词义伪装， 嘲弄，歪曲等。
滑稽模仿;歪曲(tra歪+vest+y→歪穿衣服→歪曲)[uest=clothes,表示"衣服"]
【记】tra横，vest穿衣，y－横过来穿衣－滑稽模仿
【反】paragon（n 模范）
['træv.ə.sti] slightly formal
noun countable
■something which fails to represent the values and qualities that it is intended to represent, in a way that is shocking or offensive 拙劣的模仿；嘲弄；歪曲
• Their production of 'Macbeth' was quite the worst I've ever seen - it was a travesty. 他们上演的《马克白》是我看过最糟糕的一个版本——根本就失去了原味。
• Langdale described the court ruling as a travesty of justice. 兰代尔把法庭的裁决描述为对司法的嘲弄。
Compare parody
n. 歪曲；滑稽作品；拙劣的模仿作品
 - violence, misrepresentation
vt. 歪曲；滑稽地模仿
 - colour, do violence to

Word: tightrope
Front: tightrope
[ˈtaɪtrəʊp] (18172/19091 -1)
Back: n. 绷索，钢丝; 极其危险的道路或处境
分布：拉紧的绳索(67%)，极其危险的处境(33%)
US [-roʊp] noun countable
■a tightly stretched wire or rope fixed high above the ground, which skilled people walk across, especially in order to entertain others （尤指用于娱乐表演的）绷紧的钢丝（或绳索）
• One of the acrobats who walked the tightrope at the circus did it blindfolded. 马戏团里走钢丝的杂技演员中有一位是蒙着眼睛走的。
UK ['taɪt.rəʊp] US [-roʊp] noun countable
walk/tread a tightrope
■If you walk/tread a tightrope, you have to deal with a difficult situation, especially one involving making a decision between two opposing plans of action 走钢丝；（尤指因进退两难而）处境危险
• Many manufacturers have to walk a tightrope between pricing their goods too high and not selling them, and pricing them low and losing money. 许多制造商都面临两难境地：或把价格定得太高结果卖不出去，或把价格定得很低结果赔钱。

Word: underpants
Front: underpants
[ˈʌndəpænts] (17710/19727 -1)
Back: n. （男用）内裤，衬裤; 裤衩
分布：名词(100%)
US [-dɚ-] (UK also pants)
plural noun
■a piece of underwear covering the area between the waist and the tops of the legs 内裤，衬裤
• a pair of underpants 一条内裤

Word: uncritical
Front: uncritical
[ˌʌnˈkrɪtɪkl] (20550/19324)
Back: adj. 不加鉴别的; 不采取批判态度的; 无批判力的; 批评不当的
分布：不批评的(60%)，不加批评的(40%)
US [-'krɪtˌ-] often disapproving
adjective
■accepting something too easily, because of being unwilling or unable to criticize 不加批评的；不愿批评的；无鉴别力的
• an adoring, uncritical audience 盲目崇拜、毫无鉴别力的观众

Word: unconfirmed
Front: unconfirmed
[ˌʌnkənˈfɜ:md] (21062/23508 -1)
Back: adj. 未经证实的; 未予确认的; 未受坚信礼的; 未经认可的
分布：未证实的(63%)，未最后认可的(37%)
US [-fɝ:md] adjective
■If facts are unconfirmed, it is not certain if they are true 未经确认的，未被证实的
• According to unconfirmed reports , two people were killed in the riots last night. 根据未经证实的报道，有两人在昨晚的骚乱中丧生。
adj. 未证实的；未最后认可的；未受坚信礼的
 - unsealed

Word: unwavering
Front: unwavering
[ʌnˈweɪvərɪŋ] (17598/21355)
Vocabulary: unwavering
(once / 4594 pages)
adj
When something is unwavering, it is firm or unshakable. If you're a good hockey goalie, then you'll show an unwavering determination to keep the puck out of your goal.
Just as it sounds, the word unwavering refers to something that will not waver, wander, or go astray. Unwavering most often refers to mental determination, like an unwavering desire to marry the love of your life or an unwavering intent to become a doctor even though you faint at the sight of blood. Unwavering can also refer to something that remains steady, like the unwavering sound of a trumpet horn or the unwavering energy of a very enthusiastic rock band.
WORD FAMILY
unwavering: unwaveringly+/ microwave: microwaved, microwaves, microwaving/ wave: microwave, waved, wavelet, wavelike, waver, waves, waving, wavy/wavelet: wavelets/ waver: wavered, waverer, wavering, wavers/waverer: waverers/wavering: unwavering, waveringly, waverings/waving: wavings/wavy: wavier, wavily, waviness
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means changing your wife’s family or staying home — i.e., the unwavering “no!” — isn’t your only recourse.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
What she did not understand then, but now sees clearly, was that pernicious forces were in control — an undiagnosed mental illness and an unwavering addiction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Now they are agonizing over how to get that unwavering commitment back.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 不动摇的，坚定的
分布：坚定的(55%)，不动摇的(36%)，不犹豫的(9%)
ADJ
坚定不移的；毫不动摇的；不屈不挠的
If you describe a feeling or attitude as unwavering, you mean that it is strong and firm and does not weaken.
例：She has been encouraged by the unwavering support of her family...家人的坚决支持让她深受鼓舞。
例：...his unwavering commitment to public education...他对公共教育的始终如一的奉献精神
adj. 坚定的；不动摇的
 - committed, firm, confirmed, stable, decisive

Word: wand
Front: wand
[wɒnd] (托 12268/14394 -1)
Back: n. 魔杖; 指挥棒; 嫩枝; （做箭靶的）狭长木板
分布：杖(42%)，魔杖(37%)，棒(17%)，棍(3%)，嫩枝(1%)
→来自wendh,弯，转，缠绕，词源同vine,wind。原指弯曲的有弹性的木杖，后指魔杖。
US [wɑ:nd] noun countable
■a special thin stick waved by a person who is performing magic tricks 魔杖，魔棒
• The fairy godmother waved her magic wand over the cabbages and they turned into horses. 那位神仙教母将魔杖朝那些卷心菜上挥了两下，把它们变成了马。
n. 魔杖；棒；权杖； [植] 嫩枝；识别笔（等于wand reader）
 - bar, staff

Word: unyielding
Front: unyielding
[ʌnˈji:ldɪŋ] (17201/18758)
Vocabulary: unyielding
(once / 3633 pages)
adj
When things are unyielding, they won't stop, won't give, or won't bend. That includes stubborn, unyielding personalities and stiff, unyielding mattresses.
You know people who never change their minds, even when they're wrong? You could say they're unyielding. This word refers to people who refuse to budge and never give up. Sometimes that’s a good thing, and sometimes it's just plain annoying. Physical things can be unyielding if they're hard or impossible to stop. A hurricane or tornado is unyielding, and so is a speeding train. When you see the word unyielding, think "Can't or won't be stopped."
WORD FAMILY
unyielding: unyieldingly, unyieldingness+/ yield: yielded, yielder, yielding, yields/yielder: yielders/yielding: unyielding, yieldingly, yieldings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He brokered a new broadcast agreement last month that acknowledged the continued relevance of cable television but also the unyielding rise of the online audience.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Writing in the Guardian on Tuesday, Anwar said his “political imprisonment” meant Malaysia needed “unyielding international encouragement and pressure”.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Perry is an unyielding backer of opening up more land for drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or fracking.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚硬的，不能弯曲的，不屈的; 刚强; 不屈服; 倔强
分布：不屈的(62%)，坚强的(26%)，坚固的(6%)，动词unyield的现在分词.(6%)
adjective
NOT CHANGING 不改变的
■completely unwilling to change a decision, opinion, demand, etc 坚定的；不屈服的；固执的
• Korea is unyielding in its demands for a new treaty. 朝鲜坚决要求签订新的条约。
[ʌn'ji:l.dɪŋ] adjective
NOT BENDING 不易弯曲的
■ rigid (= not able to be bent or moved) 坚挺的，不易弯曲的
adj. 不屈的；坚强的； [材] 不易弯曲的
 - strong, tough, steel

Word: algorithmic
Front: algorithmic
[ˌælgə'rɪðmɪk] (35832/47326)
Back: adj. 算法的，规则系统的
分布：算法的(100%)

Word: winterthur

Word: apostle
Front: apostle
[əˈpɒsl] (14148/9040)
Vocabulary: apostle
(once / 790 pages)
n
Although an apostle might be a pioneering supporter of any new cause, the word is most often used to refer to the twelve original disciples of Jesus who went on to spread the gospel. When used as a title, it’s capitalized.
The Greek word apóstolos means "one who is sent out," giving it a proper connection with the word apostle. The word’s original English meaning of "messenger" referred to the followers of Jesus. The modern meaning can be more secular, with the word appropriately being applied to any leader breaking new ground or supporting an important new idea. As an apostle of the latest developments in good nutrition, you were outraged at the sight of french fries. Clearly, you had no choice but to make them disappear.
WORD FAMILY
apostle: apostles, apostleship+/apostleship: apostleships
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Christianity, however, divine speech continues through the Gospels—the apostle Paul converts after hearing Jesus admonish him.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Yes, she is a visionary but even more so a visionist, an apostle for sight, for observation as an active, acute, transformational practice.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
She asked God to stretch a healing hand over him as he had stretched over the apostle Peter’s mother-in-law.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. (A-)（基督教的）使徒; 早期基督教的传教士; 摩门教教会的十二个行政执事之一; （改革运动的）倡导者
分布：倡导者(100%)
→前缀apo-, 从，从...离开。词根st, 站，衍生义送出，可能来自于一种哲学思想，经历磨难才难站得更稳，同epistle, 书信。特指耶稣传道的十二门徒。
US [-'pɑ:.sl] noun
countable formal
■someone who strongly supports a particular belief or political movement （信仰或政治运动的）宣导者，鼓吹者，先驱
• an apostle of world peace/liberty 世界和平／自由的宣导者
the apostles [plural] (also the Apostles)
■the group of early Christians who travelled to different places telling people about Jesus Christ and the gospel 基督的十二使徒之一，使徒
⇒ See also the disciples
n. 信徒，使徒；最初的传道者
 - Christian, believer

Word: anglia

Word: batman
Front: batman
[ˈbætmən] (-/21517)
Back: n. （部队中的）勤务兵
分布：勤务兵(45%)，蝙蝠侠(30%)，传令兵(25%)
→来自法语。bat, 马鞍，同bast. 原指贵族或官员的马夫，词义由马夫到传令兵的转变可比较marshal, 将军，原义国王的马夫。或参考中国近年来报道的部分贪官司机的权力。
noun countable
■the personal servant of an officer especially in the British armed forces （尤指英国军官的）勤务兵
n. 勤务兵，传令兵
 - orderly, lashkar

Word: artwork
Front: artwork
[ˈɑ:twɜ:k] (6219/10371 -1)
Back: n. 艺术品; 插图
分布：艺术品(93%)，美术品(7%)
US ['ɑ:rt.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■the pieces of art, such as drawings and photographs, that are used in books, newspapers and magazines 插图，图片
• All the artwork in the book has been done by the author. 这本书中所有的插图都是作者亲手画的。
n. 艺术品；插图；美术品
 - works of art, illustration

Word: apprehend
Front: apprehend
[ˌæprɪˈhend] (研托宝 11622/13950 -1)
Vocabulary: apprehend
(once / 157 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To apprehend is to capture or arrest, as when the police try to apprehend criminals and bring them to justice. You also apprehend a concept when you understand it, grasping or capturing its meaning.
The verb apprehend has remained much the same since the original Latin, both in form and meaning. It comes from apprehendere "to grasp or seize." The word came to refer to learning — "grasping or seizing with the mind" — but then came to mean "seize in the name of the law" or "arrest" around the 1540s, a meaning that remains to this day. The word can also be used to suggest an anxious feeling about something about to happen.
WORD FAMILY
apprehend: apprehended, apprehender, apprehending, apprehends, apprehensible, apprehension, apprehensive, misapprehend +/apprehender: apprehenders/apprehensible: apprehensibly/ apprehension: apprehensions/ apprehensive: apprehensively, apprehensiveness, unapprehensive/ misapprehend: misapprehended, misapprehending, misapprehends, misapprehension / misapprehension: misapprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Homeland Security says the number of Central Americans recently apprehended on the Mexico border once again surpassed the number of Mexicans who were stopped.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is unclear where Asbury was apprehended or where exactly Rodgers was found.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Airport ground crews followed the man, who was apprehended at the airport’s fire station.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 理解; 逮捕，拘押; 忧虑
vi. 理解; 担心
时态：apprehended, apprehending, apprehends
分布：理解(50%)，逮捕(38%)，忧虑(9%)，拘押(3%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. 前缀pre, 在前。词根hend, 得到，抓住，词源同get.
理解;忧虑;逮捕(ap+prehend→[被]抓住→逮捕)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
【记】ap朝向，prehend抓住－抓住不放－逮捕
【参】prehensile（adj 适于抓住的）；comprehensive（adj 广泛的）
[ˌæp.rɪ'hend] formal
verb transitive
CATCH 抓住 formal
■to catch and arrest someone who has not obeyed the law 逮捕；拘捕
• The police have finally apprehended the killer. 警方终于抓住了那个凶手。
[ˌæp.rɪ'hend] formal
verb transitive
UNDERSTAND 理解 formal
■to understand something 领会；理解；懂得
grasp, appreciate, understand, comprehend, apprehend
这组词都有“理解”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 从本义抓紧、抓住，引申作“理解、掌握”。
appreciate: 语气较弱，指对某事物或意义有充分的理解。着重有能力领域或觉察。
understand: 一般用词，很常用，指对事实或意义不仅知道得很清楚。
comprehend: 较正式用词，指对较复杂的事物能透彻理解其意义。
apprehend: 指知道某事物或某观念的大概意义，但未能理解其内涵意义，暗含一知半解意味。
vt. 理解；逮捕；忧虑
 - see, absorb, read, seize
vi. 理解；担心
 - worry, cotton on

Word: batsman
Front: batsman
[ˈbætsmən] (34940/7491 -2)
Back: n. 击球手; 返航着陆导航员
分布：击球手(89%)，返航着陆导航员(11%)
noun countable
■in cricket, a person whose turn it is to hit the ball or a person who regularly does this activity （板球）击球员，投手
• a former England batsman 曾效力于英国队的板球击球员
n. 击球手，打者
 - batter

Word: bioscience
Front: bioscience
[ˌbaɪəʊˈsaɪəns] (28113/-)
Back: n. 生物科学
分布：生物科学(100%)

Word: boomerang
Front: boomerang
[ˈbu:məræŋ] (23526/36655)
Vocabulary: boomerang
(once / 6648 pages)
nv
A boomerang is a curved piece of wood that returns to the thrower if tossed correctly. To boomerang is to bounce back to a previous position like a boomerang.
This word comes whirling to us from an Australian language (Dharuk). The primary meaning is the curved stick that returns to its owner after being thrown. Not just anyone can make a boomerang return: it takes practice and skill. Because a boomerang returns to its original point, it’s also a verb for things that return. This is often used negatively for things you would rather not see again: if a lie boomerangs, it comes back to haunt you.
WORD FAMILY
boomerang: boomeranged, boomeranging, boomerangs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boomerang, a 10-year-old male sea lion, died of congestive heart failure in October.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The third-year punter who spent his first season with the Steelers also is getting better with his boomerang punt.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Most boomerang retirees return to work after an informal negotiation with a former boss.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （澳大利亚）回飞镖; 自作自受; 伤及原提案者的言论及提议
vi. （计划）产生事与愿违的结果; 自食其杲
时态：boomeranged, boomeranging, boomerangs
分布：自食其果的行为(58%)，自食其果(28%)，回飞镖(14%)
→来自澳大利亚土著语。现主要用于短语boomerang kid, 啃老族。
noun countable
■a curved stick that, when thrown in a particular way, comes back to the person who threw it 回力镖，回飞棒
['bu:.mə.ræŋ] verb intransitive
■If a plan boomerangs, it brings a harmful result instead of the intended good one 自作自受；自食其果
• Our plan to take over the business could boomerang on us if we're not careful. 如果我们不小心，接管该企业的计划可能会让我们自食苦果。

Word: bombastic
Front: bombastic
[bɒm'bæstɪk] (托宝 25009/34531)
Vocabulary: bombastic
(once / 9023 pages)
adj
To be bombastic is to be full of hot air — like a politician who makes grand promises and doesn't deliver.
What does cotton padding have to do with the word bombastic? Bombast was cotton padding or stuffing in the 1500s. Bombastic evolved as an adjective to describe something (or someone!) that is overly wordy, pompous, or pretentious, but the adjective is most often used to describe language (speech or writing). Still not seeing the connection to cotton padding? Think of writing or speech that is overly padded and you'll understand how the meaning came about.
WORD FAMILY
bombastic: bombastically+/ bombast: bombastic, bombasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lots of people are worried that Trump’s inexperience and bombastic behavior might lead to diplomatic disasters.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The French duo Justice, whose 2011 album “Audio, Video, Disco” explored bombastic progressive rock territory, returned to futuristic funk grooves for their latest album, “Woman.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Donald Trump’s bombastic campaign seemed like the terminal stage of aggrieved American machismo rather than simply the terminal stage of America.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 夸夸其谈的，空洞的; 唐; 虚夸
分布：夸大的(100%)
【反】understated（adj 说话保守地）；unpretentious（adj 谦逊的）；
US [bɑ:m-] adjective
■using long and difficult words, usually to make people think you know more than you do 夸夸其谈的；夸大的
• a bombastic preacher 夸夸其谈的鼓吹者
• a bombastic statement 夸大的言辞
adj. 夸大的；言过其实的
 - tall, exaggeratory

Word: bi
Front: bi
[bai] (-/43270)
Back: n. Burundi,布隆迪; 公共汽车，巴士( bus的名词复数 )
分布：双”(50%)，表示“二(50%)

Word: chicanery
Front: chicanery
[ʃɪˈkeɪnəri] (宝 29077/36438)
Vocabulary: chicanery
(once / 10155 pages)
n
Have you ever gotten the sense that politicians or corporate leaders will say anything to turn public opinion their way? This tricky kind of deceit and manipulation is called chicanery.
Besides chicanery, another funny-sounding word for trickery is shenanigans. Whereas the former is always used in the singular and involves deceptive language, the latter is usually used in the plural and refers to the actions of a person. Your crazy neighbor is up to his old shenanigans if he has begun doing weird stuff again, but if a politician's chicanery is exposed, he will lose public trust and not be returned to office in the next election cycle.
WORD FAMILY
chicanery: chicaneries+/chicane: chicaned, chicanery, chicanes, chicaning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, until late in life, he seldom griped about his fate, despite knowing that his crosstown foes were guilty of elaborate chicanery.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
“That means catch the bad guys, watch the cookie jar, ferret out chicanery.”
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Trump’s endorsement by Cambodia’s pariah prime minister, Hun Sen, gave an early taste of the likely demagogic chicanery to follow.
The Guardian(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. 耍花招哄骗别人（尤指于法律事务中）; 不诚实的行为; 欺骗
分布：欺诈(38%)，强词夺理(31%)，欺骗(31%)
→词源不详。
欺骗(chicane诡计+ery)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
【记】chi拼：吃，canery＝canary金丝雀－吃金丝雀－一种魔术－欺骗chick没有chicanery
【反】aboveboard action（光明正大的行为）；honest dealing（诚实对待）forthrightness（n 直率）
US [-nɚ-] formal
noun uncountable
■clever, dishonest talk or behaviour which is used to deceive people 诡辩；诡计；欺诈
• The investigation revealed political chicanery and corruption at the highest levels. 调查揭露了最高层的政治欺诈和腐败。
n. 狡辩；欺骗；强词夺理
 - fraud, deception

Word: cataract
Front: cataract
[ˈkætərækt] (14871/19411 -1)
Vocabulary: cataract
(once / 1334 pages)
1n 2n
If someone has a cataract in their right eye, their lens is cloudy rather than clear, so they have difficulty seeing. Luckily, cataracts are easily removed.
Cataracts, cloudy areas of the lenses of the eye, are often associated with old age. Cataract can also mean a large waterfall, like Niagara Falls. Even with cataracts, you can still make out a cataract. It's not a little waterfall; it's huge!
WORD FAMILY
cataract: cataracts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lowe said he thought he might be developing a cataract.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Many types of brain damage were seen in the studies, including dead spots and empty spaces in the brain, cataracts and congenital deafness.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
I lost my sight once before, to cataracts, a quarter-century ago, but it was restored miraculously by surgery.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 大瀑布，急瀑布; [医]白内障; 暴雨，洪水; 奔流
v. 像瀑布似地注流
分布：大瀑布(55%)，奔流(45%)
→cata-, 向下。-ract, 流，倾泻，词源不详。原指大瀑布，后用做白内障的委婉语。
大瀑布(cata[cata-表示"向下,相反,离开"]+ract冲→向下冲→瀑布)
【记】cata向下，act动作－向下的动作－大瀑布
【参】cascade（n 小瀑布）
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable
DISEASE 疾病
■a disease in which an area of the eye becomes cloudy so that a person cannot see correctly, or the area affected in this way 白内障
UK ['kæt.ə.rækt] US ['kætˌ-] noun countable
WATER FEATURE 水景 literary
■a large waterfall 大瀑布
n. [眼科] 白内障； [水文] 大瀑布；暴雨，洪水；奔流
 - flood, heavy rain
vt. 倾注
 - pour out into

Word: carbonate
Front: carbonate
[ˈkɑ:bəneɪt] (33900/8367)
Back: n. 碳酸盐
vt. 充二氧化碳于
时态：carbonated, carbonating, carbonates
分布：碳酸盐(98%)，使含二氧化碳(1%)，黑金刚石(1%)
→来自carb-,碳，-ate,化学名词后缀，盐。

Word: bullfight
Front: bullfight
[ˈbʊlfaɪt] (28723/40654)
Back: n. 斗牛（流行于西班牙和南美洲）
分布：斗牛(100%)
noun countable
■a traditional public entertainment, especially in Spain, in which a person fights and sometimes kills a bull (= male cow) 斗牛
n. 斗牛（流行于西班牙和南美）
 - corrida, fighting bull

Word: civility
Front: civility
[səˈvɪləti] (研托宝 12195/21057)
Vocabulary: civility
(once / 976 pages)
n
Civility is the act of showing regard for others by being polite, like the civility you showed in speaking kindly to someone who has hurt your feelings.
Civility comes from the Latin word civilis, meaning "relating to public life, befitting a citizen," in other words, being friendly and nice to everyone. When you show civility, you use kindness and good manners. You are respectful, even if you do not like that person very much. Civility can also mean formal politeness, like your behavior at a fancy dinner.
WORD FAMILY
civility: civilities, incivility +/ civil: civiler, civilest, civilian, civilise, civility, civilize, civilly, uncivil/ civilian: civilians/civilisation: civilisations/civilise: civilisation, civilised, civilises, civilising/civilised: noncivilised, uncivilised/ civilization: civilizations/ civilize: civilization, civilized, civilizes, civilizing/ civilized: noncivilized, uncivilized/ incivility: incivilities/uncivil: uncivilly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, 2016 was a terrible year — for politics, civility, discourse, death.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Civility was the order of the day, not ordering others about under the guise of telling them to follow their own conscience.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The focus is on the serious business risk posed by failing to foster a culture of civility.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 礼貌; 客气; 礼仪; 客套
分布：礼貌(89%)，谦恭(11%)
谦恭,礼仪(civil市民→文明+ity→谦恭有礼)[civ=citizen,表示"公民"]
【记】civil城市：城市里的人就是彬彬有礼、待人客气。
【反】rudeness（n 无礼）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■politeness or a polite remark 礼貌；客气（的评价）
• She greeted them with civility, but not much warmth. 她客气地跟他们打招呼，可是不大热情。
• After a few civilities, they got down to business. 寒暄几句后他们就谈起了正事。
n. 礼貌；礼仪；端庄
 - ceremony, protocol

Word: colon
Front: colon
[ˈkəʊlən] (宝 8209/6817 -1)
Vocabulary: colon
(once / 4372 pages)
1n 2n 3n
In punctuation, a colon is the mark made by stacking two periods (:). The colon can be used to separate the hour and minutes in time (7:30 a.m.) or to introduce a list or a quotation.
A colon is also a unit of money in both Costa Rica and El Salvador. It equals 100 centimos in the former and 100 centavos in the latter. When you travel to Costa Rica, you can trade dollars for colons. In medical terms, your colon is part of your digestive system, and its purpose is to extract water from solid waste. In humans, there are four parts of the colon: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
WORD FAMILY
colon: colones, colonic, colons, semicolon+/colonic: colonics/semicolon: semicolons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause was colon cancer, said a daughter, Bano Tyler.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Tracy Young, their single mother, died in 2008 from colon cancer at 37.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The 41-year-old Texas woman taped the episodes in August and September while battling Stage 4 colon cancer.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 冒号; <解>结肠; 科郎（哥斯达黎加货币单位）
分布：结肠(86%)，冒号(14%)
→1.冒号，来自skel, 弯，转，词源同clavicle, scoliosis. 原指分岔，分枝。
【记】把colon从上往下写，在把两个o用笔图黑，冒号就出现了。
US ['koʊ.lən] noun countable
BODY PART 身体部位
■the lower and bigger half of the bowels in which water is removed from solid waste 结肠
UK ['kəʊ.lɒn] US ['koʊ.lən] noun countable
SIGN 符号
■the sign : used in writing, especially to introduce a list of things or a sentence or phrase taken from somewhere else 冒号

Word: counterfeiter
Front: counterfeiter
[ˈkaʊntəfɪtə(r)] (26062/39613)
Back: n. 伪造者
分布：伪造者(100%)
n. [法] 伪造者；货币伪造者
 - falsifier, forger

Word: dealership
Front: dealership
[ˈdi:ləʃɪp] (9480/24994 -1)
Back: n. 代理权，经销权; 代理商
分布：代理权(41%)，代理商(33%)，经销权(26%)
US [-lɚ-] noun countable
■a company that has permission to sell a particular product （获准出售特定产品的）经销公司
• Their company has just won the dealership for Rolls-Royce. 他们公司刚刚获得了劳斯莱斯公司产品的经销许可。
n. 代理权；代理商；经销权
 - agent, attorneyship

Word: desultory
Front: desultory
[ˈdesəltri] (宝 24838/20321)
Vocabulary: desultory
(once / 2359 pages)
adj
If you lack a definite plan or purpose and flit from one thing to another, your actions are desultory. Some people call such desultory wanderings spontaneous. Others call it "being lost."
The adjective desultory comes from the word desultor, which was a circus rider who would leap from the back of one galloping horse onto another. From this literal sense of jumping from one thing to another, we get the modern meaning of desultory as jumping between things without a logical purpose.
WORD FAMILY
desultory: desultorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pete Carroll sounded no alarms after last Sunday’s desultory loss at Tampa Bay.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Kyrgios is not the only perpetrator of desultory efforts this season.
New York Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Either he is no better than the desultory tourist, or he is responsible for the fact that our experiences rarely resemble the advertisements or postcards.
New York Times(Sep 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 散乱的; 东拉西扯的; 不按程序的; 没有条理的
分布：散漫的(44%)，断断续续的(28%)，不连贯的(21%)，杂乱的(7%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-sult, 跳，词源同salmon, insult. 原指马戏团的驯马师玩把戏从一匹马跳到另一匹马，引申词义随意的。
散漫的(de分散+sult+ory→没有目标的跳→散漫的)[sult=leap,表示"跳"]
【记】de不，sult拿住－拿不住－散了－不连贯的
【参】consult（v 商议；请教；参考）；insult（v 侮辱）
【反】assiduous（adj 勤奋的）；strictly methodical（有严格系统的）
US [-tɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■without a clear plan or purpose and showing little effort or interest 漫无目的的，随意的；无计划的
• She made a desultory attempt at conversation. 她只是随意聊聊而已。
• He wandered around, clearing up in a desultory way. 他四处走走，心不在焉地收拾。
adj. 断断续续的；散漫的；不连贯的，无条理的
 - loose, intermittent

Word: dixie

Word: deform
Front: deform
[dɪˈfɔ:m] (研六托 23023/24434 -1)
Back: vt. 使变形; 使残废; 使变丑; 毁伤…的形体
vi. 变形; 变畸形
adj. 畸形的; 丑陋的
时态：deformed, deforming, deforms
分布：变形(84%)，使变形(14%)，使畸形(2%)
→de-, 夺去，损毁。form, 外形。即损毁外形。
使残废;变形(de坏+form→使形状坏→使残废)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
【记】de坏，form形状－使形状坏－毁形
US [-'fɔ:rm] verb
transitive
■to spoil the usual and true shape of something 使变形，使扭曲
• Age deforms the spine. 上了年纪，脊柱就会弯曲。
intransitive specialized
■If something deforms, its usual shape changes and becomes spoiled 变形
• These plastics deform at temperatures of over 90°C. 这些塑胶制品在温度达到90摄氏度以上的时候会变形。
vt. 使变形；使成畸形
 - transfigure, warp
vi. 变形；变畸形
 - to morph, be out of shape
adj. 畸形的；丑陋的
 - ugly, thrawn

Word: exploitative
Front: exploitative
[ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv] (19605/21987)
Back: adj. 开发资源的，剥削的
分布：剥削的(56%)，利用的(22%)，开发的(22%)
US [-tˌə.tˌɪv] adjective
■using someone else unfairly for your own advantage 利用的；剥削的；榨取的

Word: exhortation
Front: exhortation
[ˌeɡzɔ:'teɪʃn] (17272/14140)
Vocabulary: exhortation
(once / 1373 pages)
n
When you were little, heading out the door on a freezing cold day, your mom probably made an exhortation to put on your hat and zip your coat up all the way. An exhortation is a loud or enthusiastic urging.
Use an exhortation any time you really want to encourage someone to do something. It's a way of communicating that's persuasive and powerful — an exhortation might come from a government in the form of a speech encouraging people to get flu shots, or it might be a teacher urging his students to sit quietly. Whether it comes in the form of a warning or encouragement, an exhortation strongly advises people to take some particular action.
WORD FAMILY
exhortation: exhortations+/ exhort: exhortation, exhortative, exhortatory, exhorted, exhorting, exhorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Michael’s black support was never an exploitative exhortation.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The pitch wrapped up with a religious exhortation: “Thank you for considering a partnership with us as we sow into His Kingdom.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
As the conference concluded, Mr. Spencer shouted “Hail our people!” and “Hail victory!” — the English translation of the Nazi exhortation “Sieg heil!”
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 敦促; 极力推荐; （正式的）演讲; （宗教仪式中的）劝诫
分布：劝告(56%)，讲道词(22%)，训词(22%)
VERB
规劝;劝诫;劝告
If you exhort someone to do something, you try hard to persuade or encourage them to do it.
例：Kennedy exhorted his listeners to turn away from violence...肯尼迪劝诫听众远离暴力。
例：He exhorted his companions, 'Try to accomplish your aim with diligence'.他劝诫同伴说：“要通过勤奋努力实现自己的目标。”
n. 讲道词，训词；劝告
 - advice, expostulation

Word: excerpt
Front: excerpt
[ˈeksɜ:pt] (研托雅宝 6058/18600 -3)
Vocabulary: excerpt
(once / 1949 pages)
nv
Instead of sharing all 147 lines of your favorite poem in class, you might want to read an excerpt, that is, just a part of the verses, so no one dozes off.
Excerpt sounds a lot like "except" with an added "r," and it came into English in the 16th century from a Latin word meaning "plucked out." When the word is used as a verb, excerpt means to take a portion out, usually from a play, book, article, song, or other written work. And the part that is taken out also is called an excerpt, but it is a noun, that is, a thing. An excerpt is something you excerpt, or pluck out, from a larger piece.
WORD FAMILY
excerpt: excerpted, excerpting, excerpts
USAGE EXAMPLES
French satirical and investigative weekly Le Canard Enchaine last week published excerpts of what it said was a letter by U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The following are edited excerpts from a conversation with Mr. Einaudi.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Below are edited excerpts from a conversation with Dr. Galdikas about Kalimantan, Camp Leakey and the orangutans.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 摘录; 引用; 摘要; 节录
vt. 摘录; 摘要; 引用; 节要
vi. 摘录; 引用
时态：excerpted, excerpting, excerpts
分布：摘录(85%)，引用(15%)
→ex-, 向外。-cerp, 砍，切，词源同harvest, carpet, shear. 即切下来的一段，节选。
n./vt.摘录;引用The passage is an excerpt from my recent novel.这段话是从我最近一本小说中选录的.
【记】源于expert（n 专家）才有能力进行摘选的工作。
US [-sɝ:pt] noun countable
■a short part taken from a speech, book, film, etc （演讲、书、电影等的）摘录，节录，片断
• An excerpt from her new thriller will appear in this weekend's magazine. 本周末出版的杂志将刊登她的最新惊悚小说的片段。
n. 摘录，引用
 - extract, citing
vt. 引用，摘录
 - reference, extract, cite
vi. 摘录，引用
 - reference, quote

Word: exposition
Front: exposition
[ˌekspəˈzɪʃn] (六托雅宝 14307/10335 -1)
Vocabulary: exposition
(once / 699 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An exposition takes place when you "expose" something — like at a fair or convention for showing off goods, art, or similar wares. An exposition can also be the section of a story that explains the basics of the tale.
In classical music, the first part of a piece is often an exposition, in which the composer lets you hear the tunes and themes that will get worked over during the rest of the piece. Most movies spend a lot of time at the beginning on exposition, as well. The director wants you to know where the story is set, who the characters are, and what it is they want. Exposition is important to set the scene, so the rest of the story makes sense. Exposition can also mean a big fair, often called an "expo." ComicCon is a famous exposition.
WORD FAMILY
exposition: expositions+/exposit: exposited, expositing, exposition, expositive, expository /expositive: expositively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's no lie that some of the interactions get lost under the weight of front-loaded exposition.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
The storytelling in “Watermark” is low in exposition and high in visual splendor.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
The stadium will be the centerpiece of a $350-million complex next to the Coliseum in Exposition Park scheduled to open in March 2018.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 博览会; 展览会; 阐述
分布：博览会(48%)，说明(30%)，展览会(22%)
→来自expose, 暴露。
展览;解释(见expose)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】源于：expound（v 详细解释）
【参】repose（v /n 休息）；expository（adj 说明的；解释的）＝explanatory
noun
EXPLANATION 解释
countable or uncountable formal
■a clear and full explanation of an idea or theory 清楚详尽的解释；详细阐述
• It purports to be an exposition of Catholic social teaching. 它主要在详细阐述天主教的社会教义。
[ˌek.spə'zɪʃ.ən] noun
SHOW 展览
countable (also expo)
■a show in which industrial goods, works of art, etc. are shown to the public 展览会；博览会
• the San Francisco exposition 旧金山博览会
• Expo 92 (= a show that happened in 1992) 1992年博览会
exposition, definition, description, explanation, interpretation
这组词都有“解释”的意思，其区别是：
exposition: 通常指对论点、假设、理论等的重点作详尽的阐述。
definition: 主要指对某一词、短语或专门术语的含义作解释、下定义。
description: 指对某一事物的重要方面进行详细叙述，常含教育与启迪意味。
explanation: 普通用词，指使人明白未知或不清楚的事。
interpretation: 多指对文字上较难的段落，或难于理解，令人迷惑的问题作出解释或说明。
exposition, display, show, exhibition, fair, exhibit
这组词都有“展览”的意思，其区别是：
exposition: 多指大型博览会或国际博览会。
display: 指展销会，商店橱窗或柜台上的陈列品。
show: 指艺术品、农产品、工业品或商品等的任何形式的公开展览。
exhibition: 一般指较正规的展览会。
fair: 侧重指为促销商品而举办的展览会或商品交易会。
exhibit: 多指个人或团体陈列的展览品，规模可大可小。
n. 博览会；阐述；展览会
 - expansion, exhibition, fair

Word: facilitation
Front: facilitation
[fəˌsɪlɪ'teɪʃn] (托 21857/36750)
Vocabulary: facilitation
(once / 99322 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun facilitation to describe helping, improving, or making something easier, like the newly widened staircase and hall designed for the facilitation of moving crowds through the museum.
The Latin word for "easy," is facilis. You can see this origin in facilitation, which means "the act of making something easier." If you volunteer to help with the facilitation of enrolling new students at a school, you might hand by the door, handing out forms and directing families to the main office. You make the new people's experience better, which is another meaning of facilitation, improvement.
WORD FAMILY
facilitation: facilitations+/ facilitate: facilitated, facilitates, facilitating, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory/ facilitator: facilitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The best way to manage these problems is through facilitation of legitimate behaviour, not necessarily a focus on the control of illegitimate behaviour," he says.
BBC(Oct 24, 2016)
"We need a facilitation letter from the Syrian authorities."
Reuters(Oct 17, 2016)
The anti-corruption principles prohibit bribery, corruption, facilitation payments and hospitality gifts, and require members to engage in “only ethical business conduct” among other things.
Washington Post(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: n. 简易化，助长
分布：促进(70%)，简易化(21%)，使人方便的东西(9%)
n. [生理] 简易化；助长；容易
 - easiness, liable to

Word: finder
Front: finder
[ˈfaɪndə(r)] (13102/21719)
Back: n. 探测器; 发现者
分布：发现者(66%)，探测器(34%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who finds something 发现者
UK ['faɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
Finders keepers (losers weepers). saying
■said by a child who has found an object to the child who has lost it, to show that they intend to keep it （儿童用语）东西谁捡到了就是谁的。
n. 发现者；探测器；（照相机的） [摄] 取景器；（大望远镜上的） [天] 寻星镜
 - detector, discoverer

Word: gingerly
Front: gingerly
[ˈdʒɪndʒəli] (宝 11787/15666 -1)
Vocabulary: gingerly
(once / 3237 pages)
advadj
If something needs to be done with great care and caution, you should do it gingerly — like gingerly holding a newborn baby or gingerly creeping down the creaky stairs when you're trying to sneak out.
Before it came to mean “extremely cautiously” in 1600, gingerly meant “elegantly, daintily.” In fact, it stems from the Latin word gentius, meaning “(well)-born.” But today it has less to do with elegance and more to do with a delicate touch, usually used to avoid hurting something or someone. For example, you might want to gingerly hug your friend with the broken rib to avoid making her wince in pain.
WORD FAMILY
ginger: gingered, gingering, gingerly, gingers, gingery
USAGE EXAMPLES
We step gingerly over a girl sitting to fix her broken shoe.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bishop stayed down for a moment before skating gingerly to the bench.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Around 100 men sleep on the second deck this evening, spooning one another to lie down, with others gingerly stepping over to use the bathroom.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 小心翼翼地; 慎重地
adj. 小心翼翼的; 谨慎的
分布：极度小心谨慎地(100%)
→词源不详，通常认为来自gently的拼写变体，原义为优雅的，引申义谨慎的。
【记】切ginger的时候要gingerly，小心手！吃炖肉的时候要gingerly因为ginger与肉很难分开！
US [-dʒɚ-] adverb
■in a way that is careful or cautious 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地
• Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench. 她用手按着疼痛的背部，小心翼翼地坐在长椅上。
adv. 小心翼翼地；慎重地
 - deliberately, cautiously
adj. 谨慎的；轻手轻脚的；慎重的
 - measured, cautious, prudent, wary

Word: forte
Front: forte
[ˈfɔ:teɪ] (托雅宝 21448/12312)
Vocabulary: forte
(once / 3541 pages)
1n 2advadjn 3n
Forte means an area in which you are strong or good. Having two left feet and no sense of rhythm, dancing would not be considered your forte. Better to impress people with card tricks, if that's your area of expertise, or your forte.
Your forte is what you would focus on if you decided to enter a talent show. The word forte actually comes from the similar-sounding Latin word fortis, which means "strong." Romans (and countless groups since) called the big, barricaded structures they built "forts" because they were supposed to stay strong and keep out the hordes of invading barbarians. In music, playing forte means playing loud.
WORD FAMILY
forte: fortes
USAGE EXAMPLES
With 61 or more yards in the rematch with the Vikings on Sunday, Howard will break Matt Forte’s franchise record for rookie rushing in 2008.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"The ambassador of a country is the number one spy. But there are ambassador of the U.S., their forte is really to undermine governments."
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Other properties with new ways to stay healthy this year include Brown’s Hotel, a Rocco Forte hotel in London.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 特长，专长，强项
分布：长处(63%)，特长(29%)，优点(8%)
→来自拉丁语fortis, 坚固的，坚强的，词源同fort. 引申词义特长，强项。同时用于音乐名词强音。
长处,优点;a.强音的(fort+c→强大→长处)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
【记】fort（n 堡垒）的特长是坚固
【源】原指：剑身最强的部分：即剑身中部到剑柄的部分
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable usually singular
■a strong ability, something that a person can do well 强项，特长，专长
• I'm afraid sewing isn't one of my fortes. 恐怕缝纫不是我的专长。
n. 长处；特长
 - strength, excellence
adv. 响亮地
 - loudly, ringingly

Word: gareth

Word: fowler
Front: fowler
['faʊlə] (-/10155)
Back: n. 捕野禽者
分布：捕野禽者(100%)

Word: fro
Front: fro
[frəʊ] (六 17026/22121)
Back: adv. 向那边，向后
prep. 〈英方〉同
n. 〈美俚〉非洲发型= Afro
na. 见
分布：副词(100%)
US [froʊ] adverb See to and fro
adv. 向后；向那边
 - rear, aback

Word: guzzler
Front: guzzler
[ˈgʌzlə(r)] (29479/-)
Back: n. 酒鬼，酒量大的人
分布：酒量大的人(50%)，酒鬼(50%)
n. 酒量大的人，酒鬼
 - drunkard, bibber

Word: godsend
Front: godsend
[ˈgɒdsend] (20128/19086)
Vocabulary: godsend
(once / 8504 pages)
n
A godsend is something very lucky or helpful — some event or item for which you're incredibly thankful. If you don't have time for breakfast and forget to bring your lunch to school, your friend's extra slice of pizza is a godsend.
If you're grateful for something, you can call it a godsend. A school snow day is a godsend if you're not quite ready for your chemistry midterm, and your homeowner's insurance is a godsend when a huge tree falls on your roof. In both of these examples, you are relieved and happy, and if you're a believer, you might say, "Thank God." In Middle English, it's Godes sonde, "gift from God."
WORD FAMILY
godsend: godsends
USAGE EXAMPLES
This lightweight headband is a godsend for women with long hair.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
And increased travel and remittances have been a godsend to many struggling Cubans.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
For the rest of the kids, returning to Harlem was a godsend.
The New Yorker(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>天赐之物，意外的好运
分布：天赐之物(86%)，意外获得的幸运(14%)
US ['gɑ:d-] informal
noun only singular
■something good which happens unexpectedly, especially at a time when it is needed （尤指在需要的时候适时来到的）天赐之物，令人喜出望外的事物，及时雨
• The grant was a real godsend, especially considering the theatre was due to close next month. 特别是考虑到剧院原定下个月就要关闭了，这笔拨款来得真是及时。
n. 天赐之物；意外获得的幸运
 - manna

Word: gracious
Front: gracious
[ˈgreɪʃəs] (研四六托雅宝 8538/9946 -1)
Vocabulary: gracious
(once / 192 pages)
adj
Gracious means "kind, courteous, and compassionate," like your gracious reply to a rude question like, "So, did you ever learn to hit a softball?"
Gracious descends from the Latin word for good will. A gracious person wants everyone to be comfortable: a gracious host leaves extra blankets and some books on a variety of subjects out for overnight guests to enjoy. Even at a difficult moment, a gracious person remains thoughtful and kind, like the gracious way you treat a waiter who spills a glass of juice on your lap.
WORD FAMILY
gracious: graciousest, graciously, graciousness, ungracious+/ disgrace: disgraced, disgraceful, disgraces, disgracing/disgraceful: disgracefulest, disgracefully, disgracefulness/ grace: disgrace, graced, graceful, graceless, graces, gracing, gracious / graceful: gracefuler, gracefulest, gracefully, gracefulness, ungraceful/gracefulness: gracefulnesses/ graceless: gracelessly, gracelessness/gracelessness: gracelessnesses/graciousness: graciousnesses/ungraceful: ungracefully, ungracefulness/ungracious: ungraciously, ungraciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Saying “I told you so” may be not be gracious, but it never gets old.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
One of the wonderful things about Indonesia is the warm, gracious people.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Brinkley said he found Trump to be “relaxed and utterly gracious” and “as happy to talk about NBA basketball as he was about history.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 亲切的，和蔼的; （对王族及其行为的敬语）仁慈的，谦和的; 雅致的; 有礼貌的
int. （表示惊异）天哪，老天爷
分布：亲切的(42%)，仁慈的(19%)，和蔼的(16%)，高尚的(12%)，优雅的(11%)
→来自grace, 优雅。
文雅的;亲切的(grace+ions)[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
a.亲切的,客气的;宽厚的,仁慈的I feel a trace of disgrace for the gracious man's embracing her bracelet.我对仁慈男子拥抱她的手镯感到一丝耻辱.
adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的
■behaving in a pleasant, polite, calm way 慈祥的；和蔼的；有礼貌的；亲切的
• a gracious smile 亲切的微笑
• He was gracious enough to thank me. 他很有礼貌地向我道谢。
• The losing team were gracious in defeat. 失利的球队豁达地面对失败。
['greɪ.ʃəs] adjective
COMFORTABLE 舒适的
■having the qualities of great comfort, beauty and freedom made possible by being rich 富足安逸的；华美的；富裕闲适的
• We can't afford gracious living. 我们过不起安逸的生活。
['greɪ.ʃəs] exclamation old-fashioned
■used to express surprise or to emphasize what is being said （表示惊讶或用于强调语气）天哪，老天爷，啊呀
• Gracious (me) / Good gracious (me) , I never thought he'd do that! 天哪，我从没想过他会做那种事！
adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的
 - nice, friendly, sweet, delicate, magnificent
int. 天哪；哎呀
 - oh, my, dear, egad

Word: horsepower
Front: horsepower
[ˈhɔ:spaʊə(r)] (研四六托 12375/23778)
Back: n. <物>马力
分布：名词(100%)
→horse,马，power,能量。即马的力量，后来被物理学家用来指能量单位。
n.[机]马力The worshiper thinks that the worst is the insufficient horsepower.崇拜者认为最坏的事是马力不足.
US ['hɔ:rs.paʊr] noun countable or uncountable (plural horsepower) (abbreviation hp)
■a unit for measuring the power of an engine 马力（引擎的功率单位元）
• a 100-horsepower engine 100马力的引擎
n. 马力（功率单位）
 - soup

Word: hoopla
Front: hoopla
[ˈhu:plɑ:] (18047/49670)
Vocabulary: hoopla
(once / 22259 pages)
n
When people get too excited about something, you can describe it as hoopla. Your family may want to make a lot of hoopla on your birthday, while you'd prefer a quiet dinner at home.
Hoopla is when someone goes overboard getting excited about something. A company may raise a lot of hoopla about a new product that's actually kind of boring, and a teacher's hoopla about the class Halloween party might seem silly if she teaches twelfth grade physics rather than kindergarten. The word hoopla has been around since at least the 1800's, although it was originally spelled houp-la, and it was first used as an exclamation similar to oopsie daisy.
WORD FAMILY
hoopla: hooplas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, there’s all the official inaugural hoopla, including the main attraction, the swearing in.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Evans said he is not going to get caught up in all the hoopla heading into Saturday night’s game in Orlando, Florida.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Yes, putting together any golf outing can be an endeavor, so it's understandable the holiday hoopla can throw extra wrenches into the process.
Golf Digest(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 喧闹，投环套物游戏
分布：喧闹(53%)，投环套物游戏(26%)，大肆张扬的宣传(13%)，混淆视听的话(8%)
→最早拼写houp-la,可能来自拟声词，物体快速移动的声音，后用于指大吹大擂，再后用于指游乐场投环套物的游戏，可能受hoop影响。
noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable UK (US ring toss)
■a game in which a ring is thrown so that it falls over an object 投环套物游戏
• a game of hoopla 套环游戏
['hu:p.lɑ:] noun
EXCITEMENT 兴奋
[S or U] mainly US
■exciting noise and activity in celebration of an event 喧嚷，嬉闹
• The usual hoopla surrounded the arrival of the pop star. 流行歌星的到来伴随着惯常的喧闹声。
n. 投环套物游戏；喧闹
 - rumpus, whoop-up

Word: habitable
Front: habitable
[ˈhæbɪtəbl] (宝 18476/21087)
Vocabulary: habitable
(once / 3203 pages)
adj
Something habitable is appropriate to live in. If you're having the wood floors of your house refinished, it might not be habitable until they've completely dried.
Earth is a habitable planet: Mars isn't. In other words, humans can live comfortably on Earth, since its atmosphere has air we can breathe and temperatures we can tolerate. While many of us live in perfectly habitable homes and cities, there are also people whose living situations wouldn't be considered habitable by most of us. In Old French, habitable means "suitable for human dwelling," from the Latin habitare, "to inhabit."
WORD FAMILY
habitable: habitability, habitableness+/ habit: habitable, habited, habiting, habits, habitual, habituate / habitual: habitually/ habituate: habituated, habituates, habituating, habituation/habituation: habituations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In most cities and states, landlords are required to keep the properties they rent in habitable condition.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
This rocky world in a next-door system - named Proxima b - also sits within the so-called habitable zone around its star.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
As you would expect, it’s not looking good for those of us concerned about a habitable climate and livable cities.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 适于居住的
分布：可居住的(65%)，适于居住的(35%)
→来自拉丁语habitare,居住，生活，来自habere,持，握，拥有，词源同habit,habitat.
US [-tˌə-] adjective (also inhabitable)
■providing conditions which are good enough to live in or on 适于居住的，可以居住的
• A lot of improvements would have to be made before the building was habitable. 这座大楼在入住之前还需要进行大整修。
• Some areas of the country are just too cold to be habitable. 这个国家的某些地区过于寒冷，不适宜居住。
Opposite uninhabitable
adj. 可居住的；适于居住的
 - tenantable, inhabitable

Word: illogical
Front: illogical
[ɪˈlɒdʒɪkl] (18157/13799 -1)
Vocabulary: illogical
(once / 3429 pages)
adj
When there's no good reason or explanation for something, don't fret; chances are it's illogical — meaning that it has no rational explanation behind it.
The word logic has origins in the Greek root logos meaning "reason, idea, or word." But slap the prefix il- in front of it, and suddenly the word reverses its meaning. Illogical? Check out other words with the same prefix, like illegitimate and illegal, and you'll quickly see that the prefixil- in front of a word starting in "l" means "not." Suddenly the meaning of illogical isn't quite so illogical after all, is it?
WORD FAMILY
illogical: illogicality, illogically, illogicalness+/illogic: illogics/illogicality: illogicalities/ logic: illogic, logical, logician, logicism, logics, logistician/ logical: illogical, logicality, logically, logicalness, unlogical/ logician: logicians/logistician: logisticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our illogical, enduring fascination with play remains one of life’s great mysteries.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The argument against their enshrinement was always too simplistic and naive for my liking, not to mention arbitrary and illogical.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
‘It was kind of illogical for the state to provide resources to a network of supermarkets.’
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合逻辑的; 无意义的
分布：不合逻辑的(80%)，不合理的(20%)
→il-,不，非，logical,合逻辑的。
不合逻辑的(il+logical逻辑的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■not reasonable, wise or practical, usually because directed by the emotions rather than by careful thought 不合逻辑的，无缘由的；不明智的
• It is an illogical statement, because if one part is true, then the other must be false. 这个说法不合逻辑，因为如果一部分是对的，那么另一部分肯定是错的。
illegal, improbable, illogical, improper
illegal: 非法的
improbable: 不大可能发生的
illogical: 不符合逻辑的
improper: 不适当的
adj. [计] 不合逻辑的；不合常理的
 - incoherent

Word: imbroglio
Front: imbroglio
[ɪmˈbrəʊliəʊ] (宝 29392/44619)
Vocabulary: imbroglio
(once / 17382 pages)
n
An imbroglio is a complicated or confusing personal situation. To rephrase the J. Geils band song, "Love Stinks," if you love her and she loves him and he loves somebody else, you've got quite an imbroglio.
Although an imbroglio is a tangled situation or a messy complicated misunderstanding, its history is just the opposite, clear as a bell. Imbroglio is just a borrowed word from Italian meaning "entanglement." If something embarrassing happens at a public event, such as a mishap during the musical performances at the Super Bowl, it is sometimes called an imbroglio.
WORD FAMILY
imbroglio: imbroglios
USAGE EXAMPLES
The New York Post’s Page Six column reported that Mr. Elkann’s family was refusing to support him financially in this latest imbroglio.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
The DeBakey imbroglio was in part rooted in this ethical dilemma.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Perhaps the biggest reason for despair is the Somali clan imbroglio, which has long been a recipe for internecine division.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 一团糟，错综复杂的局面
分布：纠葛(69%)，纷乱(31%)
→来自意大利语imbrogliare,来自im-,进入，使，brogliare,蒸，煮，词源同brew,embroil.引申词义煮成一锅，混在一起，混乱，乱局。
【记】im进入，broglio混合，搅和－纠纷
【反】harmony（n 协调；融洽）
US [-'broʊ.li.oʊ] (plural imbroglios) formal
noun countable
■an unwanted, difficult and confusing situation, full of trouble and problems 错综复杂的局面，困局
• The Soviet Union became anxious to withdraw its soldiers from the Afghan imbroglio. 苏联变得急于想把其军队从阿富汗困局中撤出来。
n. 纠葛；纷乱；纷扰
 - ado, deray

Word: huxley

Word: indochina

Word: inexplicable
Front: inexplicable
[ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl] (宝 13006/11680 -1)
Vocabulary: inexplicable
(once / 961 pages)
adj
Something inexplicable can't be explained. It doesn't make sense. You don't want to come to the beach on the most beautiful day of the year? That's inexplicable!
Inexplicable is made up of the prefix in, which means "not," and explicable, which comes from the Latin explicabilis, meaning "unfolded, unraveled." Do you see the double negative? If something is not unfolded, it's folded up and tangled — like something that doesn't make sense. Your school's decision to call a snow day is inexplicable, if there's barely a layer of snow on the ground.
WORD FAMILY
inexplicable: inexplicably+/explicable: explicably, inexplicable / explicate: explicable, explicated, explicates, explicating, explication / explication: explications
USAGE EXAMPLES
East title despite inexplicable benching of Tom Brady since October.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And — perhaps most inexplicable of all — there was 2007, when millions of people voluntarily installed Windows Vista.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Miracles From Heaven This inspirational 2016 drama stars Jennifer Garner as a mother whose seriously ill young daughter is inexplicably healed after a near-death experience.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法解释的; 费解的; 莫名其妙的
分布：无法解释的(46%)，费解的(34%)，无法说明的(20%)
→in-,不，非，explicable,可解释的。
【记】explicable（adj 可解释说明的）；源于：explain（v 解释；说明）
adjective
■unable to be explained or understood 无法说明的；费解的
• For some inexplicable reason, he's decided to cancel the project. 由于某种无法解释的原因，他决定取消这个专案。
adj. 费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的
 - unexplainable, incomprehensible

Word: inextricably
Front: inextricably
[ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbli] (托 14581/13988)
Vocabulary: inextricably
(once / 6251 pages)
adv
Inextricably is an adverb that means in a manner that is impossible to unravel or separate from something else. It is usually modifies words like "linked" and "tied." To most Americans, pilgrims and Thanksgiving are inextricably linked.
Inextricably is the adverb form of the adjective inextricable, which comes from the Latin word inextricabilis, meaning cannot be disentangled. In your mind, summer and the beach are inextricably tied together because you've spent your vacation at the shore for as long as you can remember. Circumstances might inextricably link you and your neighbor when you're trapped in an elevator together for the longest nine hours of your life.
WORD FAMILY
inextricable: inextricably +/extricable: inextricable / extricate: extricable, extricated, extricates, extricating, extrication / extrication: extrications
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among his contemporaries, recognition of Lowell’s mental instability was inextricably bound up with awe of his talent.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It was simple: The bosses saw the health of the community and that of their companies as inextricably connected.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
While immaturity and laziness are inextricably linked, neither is irrevocable.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adv. 逃不掉地; 解决不了地; 形影不离地; 不可解脱
分布：无法摆脱地(75%)，分不开地(25%)
ADV-GRADED
分不开地;解不开地;紧密地
If two or more things are inextricably linked, they cannot be considered separately.
例：Religion was for her inextricably linked with life itself.宗教对她来说是与生活本身紧密联系在一起的。
adv. 逃不掉地；解不开地；解决不了地
 - inescapably

Word: kernel
Front: kernel
[ˈkɜ:nl] (六托雅宝 11338/15625 -1)
Vocabulary: kernel
(once / 1553 pages)
n
Whether it’s the kernel of a pistachio nut or the kernel of wisdom in a story, kernel can refer to the center or essential part of something.
The word kernel traces back to the Old English word cyrnel, which is related to corn. If you have ever eaten corn on the cob, you ate the kernels. Popcorn is made by heating corn kernels until they explode, or "pop." Like these examples, sometimes kernel means "a small bit" or "single piece," as in a story someone tells you that couldn't possibly have happened as described, but still has a kernel of truth about human nature.
WORD FAMILY
kernel: kernelling, kernels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Back in the day, the worst thing people did was hide in a ditch and hurl field corn kernels at passing cars.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Watch, as someone else not from Chicago sneaks back and fastidiously separates the flavors back into their original partitions, kernel by kernel.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
The beat shifts dramatically and they start bouncing in synch with it, arms waving, streamers flying, dancing like exploding kernels in an arena-sized popcorn machine .
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 核心; 要点; 谷粒; 核
v. 把…包在核内
分布：核心(71%)，仁(18%)，中心(7%)，精髓(4%)
→kern-,核，谷物，词源同corn,-el,小词后缀。引申词义果仁，核，核心。
【记】kern＝corn（n 谷物）
【区】kennel（n 狗窝）中间有两个象狗窝的nn
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable
PLANT PART 植物部分
■the part of a nut that is inside the shell and can be eaten （坚果可食用的）仁，核
■the whole seed of the maize plant （玉米的）颗粒，粒
UK ['kɜ:.nəl] US ['kɝ:-] noun countable
IMPORTANT PART 核心
■the most important part of something, although it might not always be easy to find 核心，中心，要点
• There is often a kernel of truth in what they say. 他们的话里常包含些真理。
n. 核心，要点； [计] 内核； [植] 仁； [粮食] 麦粒，谷粒；精髓
 - quick, main, heart, essential, nucleus

Word: infraction
Front: infraction
[ɪnˈfrækʃn] (宝 14815/35578)
Vocabulary: infraction
(once / 4650 pages)
n
When you break school rules about gum chewing, you commit an infraction. An infraction is a petty crime or a minor breaking of rules.
When you think of the word infraction, think that your offence has just crossed the line into wrong. Something like a parking ticket is an infraction. When you commit an infraction, you're not knee deep in wrong, you've just dipped your toe into wrong to see what it feels like. A misdemeanor is a more serious crime such as theft, and murder is considered a felony, the most serious of crimes.
WORD FAMILY
infraction: infractions+/infract: infracted, infracting, infraction, infracts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pretrial officials are supposed to report the infraction, although those records are not filed on the public docket.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Harvest Hill Farm pleaded guilty to a felony driving infraction in exchange for dismissal of a manslaughter charge.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
That lack of manpower, combined with often minor penalties for infractions, encourages people to cut corners, farmworker advocates say.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （对规则、法律等的）违背; 违犯; 犯规; 违法
分布：违反(72%)，违法(28%)
→in-,进入，使，-fract,破开，词源同break,fraction.引申词义破坏协议，犯规，违法等。
违反,违背(in进入+fract+ion→打碎[法律]→违法)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
【参】refractory（adj 难控制的；难熔的）；fraction（n 小部分；片断）
[ɪn'fræk.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone breaks a rule or law 违规行为；违法行为
• Any attempt to influence the judges will be seen as an infraction of the rules. 任何影响法官执法的企图都将被看作是违法行为。
n. 违反
 - violation, breach

Word: inhibition
Front: inhibition
[ˌɪnhɪˈbɪʃn] (12343/5820 -1)
Vocabulary: inhibition
(once / 6294 pages)
n
When you have inhibitions, you're self-conscious and maybe a little anxious. A shy child at a birthday party might have fun only after abandoning her inhibitions and joining a game of musical chairs.
An inhibition is a force that prevents something from happening—and often comes from you yourself. Shy people are often said to suffer from inhibitions. Some inhibitions are good, such as the one that prevents us from choking the life out of people we dislike. Other inhibitions, like the ones that prevent someone from ever enjoying himself, are not so great.
WORD FAMILY
inhibition: inhibitions+/ inhibit: inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitor, inhibitory, inhibits/ inhibited: uninhibited / inhibitor: inhibitors/ uninhibited: uninhibitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when the frontal brain is affected, the patient loses inhibitions.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In Kenzie’s case, boozing is her way to shed social inhibitions in the aftermath of a rough breakup.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
The 31-year-old from London says he used the drug for more than 10 years to help him to "let go" of body insecurities and inhibitions.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 抑制; 压抑; 禁止
分布：抑制(94%)，禁止(4%)，阻止(1%)，拘谨(1%)
→来自inhibit,抑制，使拘束。
禁止,禁令(inhibit+ion)[hibit=hold,表示"拿住"]
noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want 拘束；顾忌；拘谨
• After a couple of drinks he lost his inhibition and started talking and laughing loudly. 几杯酒下肚后，他肆无忌惮地大声说笑起来。
• She was determined to shed her inhibitions and have a good time. 她决心打消顾虑玩个痛快。
n. [心理] [电子] [通信] 抑制；压抑；禁止
 - checking, control, restraint, suppression, curb

Word: kaleidoscope
Front: kaleidoscope
[kəˈlaɪdəskəʊp] (宝 19457/19399)
Vocabulary: kaleidoscope
(once / 4917 pages)
n
A kaleidoscope is a child's toy, a tube with a series of mirrors at one end that reflect multiple images of colored bits of glass or toys that move, creating constantly-changing images as you turn the tube.
The toy kaleidoscope was invented around 1817 by Sir David Brewster. He took the name for his ever-changing picture tube from the Greek words kalos, "beautiful," combined with eidos, "shape." The "scope" part came from the Greek verb skopein, "to look," which can be found in many words referring to looking, including "telescope" and "microscope." The poet Lord Byron broadened the meaning of the word, giving it the sense of a "constantly changing pattern."
WORD FAMILY
kaleidoscope: kaleidoscopes, kaleidoscopic, kaleidoscopical+/ kaleidoscopic: kaleidoscopically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Johnson displays flashes of whimsy, describing the kaleidoscope, for instance, as the “PlayStation of the late Georgian era,” but those moments are rare.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They reflect precious memories with relatives, bonds with friends and a kaleidoscope of entertaining possibilities.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
My days and nights were kaleidoscopes of terror: weekslong hospitalizations, middle-of-the-night sprints to emergency rooms, daylong drug infusions at clinics, beeping monitors, doctors’ verdicts.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 万花筒; 千变万化，瞬息万变
分布：万花筒(84%)，千变万化(16%)
→由其发明者19世纪苏格兰科学家David Brewster根据希腊语合成的一个词，来自希腊语kalos,漂亮的，词源同calligraphy,eidos,形状，词源同idol,-scope,看，词源同telescope.比喻义千变万化，持续改变。
万花筒[cal=beautiful(美丽)]
US [-skoʊp] noun
countable
■a tube-like toy that you look through to see different patterns of light made by pieces of coloured glass and mirrors 万花筒
only singular
■a changing and enjoyable mixture or pattern 千变万化，变化多端
• The street bazaar was a kaleidoscope of colours, smells and sounds. 街市上各种颜色、气味和声音混合交错，变化无常。

Word: kiwi
Front: kiwi
[ˈki:wi:] (21895/13007 -1)
Back: n. [动]鹬鸵，几维鸟，新西兰特产，喙长，无翼，不能飞（也是新西兰的国鸟及象征）; [植]猕猴桃，奇异果; 新西兰人; [植]猕猴桃藤，奇异果藤
adj. 〈非正式〉与新西兰或新西兰人有关的
分布：猕猴桃(100%)
→来自新西兰毛利语kiwi,可能来自拟声词，模仿这种鸟的叫声，俚语义新西兰人。
noun countable
FRUIT 水果 (also kiwi fruit) (also Chinese gooseberry)
■an oval fruit with brown skin covered in hairs and bright green flesh 奇异果
['ki:.wi:] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a New Zealand bird, with a long beak and feathers like hairs, which cannot fly and is the national symbol of New Zealand 鹬鸵，几维（纽西兰国鸟，喙长，不能飞）
['ki:.wi:] noun countable
PERSON 人 informal
■a person from New Zealand 新西兰人；纽西兰人
n. 猕猴桃；几维（一种新西兰产的无翼鸟）；新西兰人
 - actinidia, Chinese gooseberry

Word: keynote
Front: keynote
[ˈki:nəʊt] (13838/15534 -1)
Vocabulary: keynote
(once / 3448 pages)
1n 2nv
A keynote is "the leading note in a musical key," and that meaning has spread to include the leading theme or idea in almost anything. For example, a keynote speaker at a conference includes this central subject in her speech.
You're most likely to find the word keynote followed by "speech," "address," or "speaker." The central keynote theme is often presented right at the beginning of a conference or seminar. Another meaning of keynote is "the leading note in a musical key." When you play a scale on the piano, the first, lowest, note is the keynote. This musical meaning dates from the mid-1700s, and the phrase "keynote address" was first used in 1905.
WORD FAMILY
keynote: keynoted, keynotes, keynoting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nvidia’s place in the keynote slot the evening before the opening of the CES show floor marks a changing of the guard at the event.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For Apple phones, the sweet spot is usually September after the company’s annual keynote product announcement.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The announced keynote speakers told me they were nothing of the kind.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 主旨，基调; <音>主音
vt. 给…定基调; 说明基本政策
vi. 作主旨发言; 〈美〉在（会议等场合）发表施政方针
时态：keynoted, keynoting, keynotes
分布：主旨(64%)，主音(15%)，作主旨发言(13%)，定基调(8%)
→key,关键，note,音符。比喻用法。
US [-noʊt] noun countable
■the most important or most emphasized part of something 要旨，主题，基调
• This issue has become the keynote of the election campaign. 这问题已成为竞选活动的主题。
• a keynote address/speech/speaker (= an important talk/speaker at a formal meeting) 主要演说／发言／发言者
n. 基调；主旨；主音
 - substance, accordatura

Word: mayan
Front: mayan
['mɑ:jən] (15922/36782)
Back: adj. 玛雅人的，玛雅语的
n. 玛雅人，玛雅语
分布：马雅人(34%)，马雅语(33%)，马雅语的(33%)

Word: morsel
Front: morsel
[ˈmɔ:sl] (宝 15599/15533)
Vocabulary: morsel
(once / 1115 pages)
n
A morsel is a small amount of something, a tid-bit, a sliver, usually of something of high-quality and much desired — like a morsel of dark chocolate or a morsel of secret information.
Originally it referred specifically to food — a nineteenth century lady might partake of a "dainty morsel" to eat, for example. More often than not morsel now refers to non-food items: a morsel of good taste; a morsel of common sense, and, of course, most popular of all, a morsel of gossip. That's why, like all good food, all good gossip is juicy.
WORD FAMILY
morsel: morsels
USAGE EXAMPLES
A morsel of tempura-fried geoduck belly dipped in oyster mayonnaise was the most unforgettable bite at Scout’s chef’s counter.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In these cases, I recommend miserly self-control, and letting every morsel dissolve completely on the tongue.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
SCOTT: My favorite Emma Stone moment in “La La Land” — and this is saying a lot — is a very small morsel of multidimensional bravura.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 一口; （尤指食物）小块，碎屑
分布：一口(55%)，少量(26%)，一片(13%)，分成小块(6%)
→来自拉丁语mordere,咬，词源同mordant,remorse.即咬下的一小口，引申词义少量，小块食物。
一小口(食物)(mors-vel表示小东西→咬一小口)[mordmors=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】mor死，sel＝sell（v 出售）：死猪肉出售只能得到少量的钱。
【参】mortality（n 死亡率）
US ['mɔ:r-] noun countable
■a very small piece of food （食物的）一口，一小份
• a morsel of cheese 一小块起司
• The prisoners ate every last morsel. 囚犯把最后一丁点食物都吃个干净。
■a very small piece or amount 一点点，点滴
• a morsel of good news 一点点好消息
n. 一口；（食物）少量
 - mouthful, gobbet

Word: metaphorical
Front: metaphorical
[ˌmetəˈfɒrɪkl] (12562/15207 -1)
Vocabulary: metaphorical
(once / 3291 pages)
adj
Something is metaphorical when you use it to stand for, or symbolize, another thing. For example, a dark sky in a poem might be a metaphorical representation of sadness.
You'll find yourself using the adjective metaphorical all the time if you take a poetry class; poems are usually full of metaphors. People use metaphorical language in everyday speech too, like when you say something like, "My brain is foggy today." Metaphorical comes from the Greek word meaning "a transfer," metaphora, which is itself made up of meta, "over," and pherein, "to carry."
WORD FAMILY
metaphorical: metaphorically+/ metaphor: metaphoric, metaphorical, metaphors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anthony did not speak to the media afterwards, but Sefolosha pulled no metaphorical punches.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
And then Jennifer Lawrence, floating in on a metaphorical iceberg, shows up, and “Passengers” suddenly becomes a different movie; one both sentimental and off-putting.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But there are some metaphorical megafauna that the BBC and we in the media really do not want everyone to see.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 隐喻性的
分布：隐喻性的(67%)，比喻性的(33%)
→来自metaphor,暗喻，隐喻。
US [ˌmetˌ.ə'fɑ:r-] (also metaphoric)
adjective
■describes language which contains metaphors 使用隐喻的
• Her second novel is written in a very metaphorical style. 她的第二本小说中运用了大量隐喻。
■not having real existence but symbolic and showing some truth about a situation or other subject 比喻性的，比喻意义上的
• A metaphorical ocean (= extremely large area of disagreement) lies between the two groups. 双方之间存在着海洋般巨大的分歧。
• There is a danger that America's metaphoric 'war on drugs' may turn into a bloody reality. 美国人“向毒品开战”的比喻说法有变成严酷现实的危险。

Word: nfc

Word: myopic
Front: myopic
[maɪ'ɒpɪk] (宝 20597/22045)
Vocabulary: myopic
(once / 12848 pages)
adj
Myopic is an adjective meaning shortsighted in every sense. Whether you need glasses or a new attitude, if you can't see the forest for the trees, you're myopic.
Myopic began as a description of the condition that made people squint and was easily cured with a pair of pink cat-eye glasses, but it came to include people or plans with a lack of foresight. Although it's good to live in the moment, it's not a compliment to be called myopic — a myopic party host might have festive decorations but no food for hungry guests, and myopic students have no interest in anything beyond what's on the test. In terms of pronunciation: it's a tomato/tomahto word: pronounce it "my-OP-ick" or "my-OH-pick," although that short o sound is preferred.
WORD FAMILY
myopic: myopia, myopically+/ myopia: myopias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Only at a myopic distance from the images do they explain themselves as aerial photographs of rows of cultivated tulips.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The Pistons’ franchise got a lesson in civics and the pitfalls of myopic upward mobility.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
While the likes of Stormzy and Novelist have concentrated on harder, myopic tracks that reference their world and little else, here Kano offers more accessibility.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 近视的
分布：近视的(75%)，缺乏远见的(25%)
【反】discerning（adj 有辨识能力的）
US [-'ɑ:.pɪk] adjective specialized
■not able to see clearly things that are far away 近视的
■disapproving
■unable to understand a situation or the way actions will affect it in the future 目光短浅的，缺乏深谋远虑的
• Their myopic refusal to act now will undoubtedly cause problems in the future. 他们目光短浅，不肯现在行动，一定会造成后患。
adj. 近视的；目光短浅的
 - bleary-eyed, near-sighted

Word: monolith
Front: monolith
[ˈmɒnəlɪθ] (18570/20478)
Vocabulary: monolith
(once / 11988 pages)
n
When something is really huge, like a giant stone, building, or company, call it a monolith. You can also use it to describe a huge amount of work, like the monolith that is your 40-page term paper.
The noun monolith comes from the Greek words monos, meaning “single” and lithos, meaning “stone.” Any large structures, like a factory that could cover many football fields in size, can be called a monolith. So can monuments that have little definition, like Stonehenge. Even companies that seem to be everywhere, their products and neon-signed restaurants covering the globe, can be called monoliths.
WORD FAMILY
monolith: monoliths
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The illusion of Versailles as a village square obscures how varied Cuban Miami is, and that Cuban-Americans are not a monolith,” she said.
The New Yorker(Dec 10, 2016)
The health-care industry, like many others, is not a monolith, though.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
The stone monolith that now enshrines Cuba’s “maximum leader” is a stark reminder of the weight Castro will continue to exert on this country.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 独块巨石，整体塑制品
分布：庞然大物(47%)，整块石料(31%)，巨型独石(22%)
→mono-,单个的，-lith,石头，词源同lithology.即单块巨石，引申词义单一庞大的组织。
独石;独石碑(mono一个+lith→一块石头→独石)[lith=stone,表示"石头"]
US ['mɑ:.nə-] noun countable
■a large block of stone standing by itself which was put up by people in the distant past (= a long time ago) （古人竖立的）独块巨石，独石柱
n. [建] 整块石料；庞然大物
 - leviathan, dreadnaught

Word: opiate
Front: opiate
[ˈəʊpiət] (宝 18995/26074)
Vocabulary: opiate
(once / 5422 pages)
n
An opiate is a drug such as morphine or heroin that is derived from opium. Used figuratively, it means something that calms or soothes.
Karl Marx famously said that religion was the opiate of the masses, which means he thought that it was religion that prevented working-class people from rising up against their leaders. Today, you might say that television has replaced religion as a mass opiate, but you'd need to say that during a commercial for anyone to pay much attention.
WORD FAMILY
opiate: opiates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cheese proteins contain casomorphins, chemical compounds that attach to the same opiate receptors in the brain as heroin or morphine.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Preventing abuse of opiate painkillers is viewed as a key element of the strategy.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There’s a bittersweet theme about nostalgia as an opiate, but for once this ingeniously dark series ends on a note of cyberhope.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 含鸦片的; 催眠的
n. 鸦片制剂（通常用于镇痛或催眠）; 缓和，减轻
分布：麻醉剂(49%)，鸦片剂(23%)，安眠的(19%)，麻醉的(9%)
→来自opium,鸦片，-ate,表属性。引申词义鸦片制剂。
【记】opi源于：option选择，ate吃－可以选择吃和不吃－鸦片
US ['oʊ-] noun countable
■a drug which contains opium , especially one which causes sleep （尤指用于安眠的）鸦片剂，麻醉剂
n. [毒物] [药] 鸦片制剂；麻醉剂；镇静剂
 - detoxicator, bromo
adj. 含鸦片的；安眠的
 - dormitive
vt. 用鸦片麻醉；使缓和
 - comfort, obtund

Word: overlay
Front: overlay
[ˌəʊvəˈleɪ] (14751/11456 -1)
Vocabulary: overlay
(once / 3467 pages)
vn
To overlay is to cover with a coating or a layer, or to set one thing on top of another. A winter storm will sometimes overlay a dangerously slick coating of ice on top of the road.
An artist might overlay a ceramic object with gold, or overlay one piece of paper on another in a collage. The layer itself, whether it's clear plastic or cement or silver, is also called an overlay. Another kind of overlay, dating from the 1930s, is the transparent sheet of paper in a book that covers a map or other full-page illustration.
WORD FAMILY
overlay: overlaid, overlayed, overlayer, overlaying, overlays+/interlayer: interlayers/ lay: laily, laity, layer, laying, lays, mislay, overlay, underlay / layer: interlayer, layered, layering, layers/laying: layings/ mislay: mislayed, mislaying, mislays/overlayer: overlayers/ underlay: underlaid, underlayed, underlaying, underlayment, underlays
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the top panel of the piece, the artist’s astrology chart overlays an X-ray of his skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The baby died of asphyxia from “probable overlay” and “co-sleeping,” according to the medical examiner.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Much of his job involves using software to overlay historical maps with more recent data.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: v. 覆盖; 镀金
n. 覆盖物; 轮廓纸
时态：overlaid, overlaying, overlays
分布：覆盖(69%)，重叠(15%)，覆盖物(10%)，镀(4%)，镀金(1%)，铺…上面(1%)
→over-,在上，lay,放置。引申词义覆盖。
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-]
(overlaid, overlaid)
■to cover something with a layer of something 在…上铺（或盖、涂）
• The foundation of the house is built from rubble overlaid with concrete. 房子的地基是用碎石铺浇混凝土修建的。
be overlaid with sth literary
■something that is overlaid with something has a particular quality added to it which influences its character 掺杂着，交织着
• Her new novel is overlaid with political concerns. 她的新小说包含对政治的关注。
noun countable UK [ˈəʊ.və.leɪ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞-/
■a thin covering of something 薄薄的覆盖物
• The wood frame has a gold overlay. 这个木框表面铺了一层金箔。
n. [计] [建] 覆盖图；覆盖物
 - covering, integument

Word: overgrown
Front: overgrown
[ˌəʊvəˈgrəʊn] (15477/15532 -1)
Back: adj. 长得很快的; 杂草丛生的
v. 长满，长得超过，长得过大( overgrow的过去分词)
分布：成长过快的(50%)，动词overgrow的过去分词形式.(50%)
→over-,超过，过度，grown,生长的。引申词义杂草疯长的。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'groʊn] adjective
COVERED 覆盖的
■covered with plants that are growing thickly and in an uncontrolled way 草木丛生的；枝繁叶茂的；（植物）蔓生的
• The field is overgrown with weeds. 这片地里杂草丛生。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'grəʊn] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'groʊn] adjective
TOO LARGE 太大 disapproving
■describes something that has grown too large 长得太大的
UK [ˌəʊ.və'grəʊn] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'groʊn] adjective
overgrown schoolboy/schoolgirl disapproving
■an adult who behaves like a child 举止像小孩的大人
• Jim is just an overgrown schoolboy. 吉姆不过是个大孩子。
adj. 蔓生的；生长过快的
 - sprawling

Word: overzealous
Front: overzealous
[ˌəʊvəˈzeləs] (18534/-)
Vocabulary: overzealous
(once / 21412 pages)
adj
Overzealous describes someone who gets too excited about something, like your mom, the overzealous collector of cute kitten figurines that now fill every table and shelf in the house.
If you're overzealous about something, you've gone too far, and you're probably starting to scare people. Parents who are overzealous about keeping their kids safe may not allow them out of the house — ever. If you are overzealous about conserving water, you might shower a little too infrequently, or scold people for washing their cars. Most people understand that you mean well, and that's why you are so intense.
WORD FAMILY
overzealous: overzealously+/ zeal: zealous, zeals/ zealous: overzealous, zealousest, zealously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Colby Cooper said he became “overzealous” while trying to ensure that expectations of Trump’s advance team were met.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Finally, Congress should more vigorously exercise its oversight to determine why the FBI responded overzealously in the Clinton case and insufficiently in the Russian case.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
This time around, the threat is the colonization of universities by overzealous business types.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分热心的
分布：过分热心的(100%)
→over-,超过，过度，zealous,热情的。

Word: palette
Front: palette
[ˈpælət] (托宝 7385/10565 -1)
Vocabulary: palette
(once / 3448 pages)
1n 2n
A palette is a range of colors. It is also the board that artists use to hold and mix paint. Picture Picasso in his blue period: He is holding a palette on which you see a limited palette of blue tones.
The meaning of the word palette has extended beyond actual colors to include figurative colors. A musician can use a palette of tones and modes. Either way it is a limited selection from all things available. Don't confuse this word with the homophone palate which refers to your sense of taste. Both words come to English through Old French but have different Latin roots.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
palate / palette / pallet
Time for a pop quiz! Choose your words...
When they get back, they should try to incorporate some of that raw beauty into the Rockies' color palate/palette/pallet.
The students gather palates/palettes/pallets during the week and stockpile them for sledding.
Reports are that the company will search out favorite regional foods to pepper the palate/palette/pallet for fans in Baltimore.
The first sentence refers to the range of colors the Rocky Mountains offer. The correct choice is palette. It can also refer to the board an artist uses to mix paints or the range of tone in music:
A dark chocolate in the shape of an artist's palette, with a relief of paint brushes and paints, is filled with a liquor-flavored butter cream.
Engineer and producer Butler brings a rich palette of sounds and styles, often trading in unabashed synth-based tracks.
The second sentence refers to a platform used for moving things: a pallet. The term can also mean a straw mattress or a small bed:
Paper-based honeycomb pallets extend branding surface on displays
They would be cutting demos and doing sessions until one in the morning, so I'd make a little pallet on the couch and crash and stay there all week.
Our final sentence describes Baltimoreans' preference of flavors in food, their palate. Palate can also mean the roof of one's mouth or the taste of something, such as wine:
They had assumed the receptors would be restricted to the tongue, soft palate, upper oesophagus and epiglottis.
The palate has plum, smoke, a surprising taste of apricot, but it is all wrapped in burnt rubber.
WORD FAMILY
palette: palettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
For eye shadows, I usually mix between a YSL palette and the Urban Decay earth tones.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Throughout the finished film — lent a brooding quality by its stark landscapes; misty, desaturated palette; and figures often seen in silhouette — his influence is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Specifically, she mentions Anita Baker, a vocalist with a similarly expansive palette.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 调色板，颜料
分布：调色板(100%)
→来自拉丁语pala,铲，铁锹，可能缩写自patella,小盘子，来自patina的小词形式，词源同pan,patella,paddle.后用于指绘画时用的调色板，因形如小铁铲而得名。-ette,小词后缀。
调色板(pal盘,板+ette)[-ette表名词"小的东西或状态"]
【记】pale（adj 苍白的），tte小：上边有一小块白色的东西－调色板
noun
countable
■a thin board with curved edges and a hole for your thumb, used by an artist to mix their paints on while they are painting 调色板
countable usually singular specialized
■the range of colours that an artist usually paints with 用色风格
• Matisse's palette typically consists of bright blues, greens and oranges. 马蒂斯所运用的典型色彩包括亮蓝、绿色和橙色。
n. [计] 调色板；颜料
 - color, paint

Word: panorama
Front: panorama
[ˌpænəˈrɑ:mə] (研雅宝 13033/13930 -1)
Vocabulary: panorama
(once / 1508 pages)
n
A panorama is a wide, unbroken view, or a picture of one. Pay more for your hotel room in Hawaii and you'll likely get a balcony with a picture perfect panorama of the ocean.
The noun panorama was coined in 1789 by the inventor and artist Robert Barker to describe “a complete view.” These days you can click the panorama setting on your camera to capture an extra wide vista or scene. Don’t confuse panorama with diorama: They sound similar, but remember that a panorama is the view and a diorama is the viewing device.
WORD FAMILY
panorama: panoramas, panoramic +/ panoramic: panoramically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It all looks so different from the triumphant panorama presented more than two decades ago when the European Union was expanding.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As for her own front door, it’s a changing panorama throughout the season.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“My father died on the way to the hospital,” Amsha said, his face anguished as he gazed at the panorama of destruction.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 全景画; 全景照片; 一连串景象或事; 概论
分布：全景(83%)，全景画(13%)，概观(3%)，一连串景象或事物(1%)
→pan-,全部，所有，-orama,来自希腊语horama,看，景观，景致，来自wer,看，感知，词源同ware,ward.
全景,概观(pan+orama视力→视力所及→全景)[pan-表示"广泛的"]
n.全景,全景画,全景摄影,全景照片[装置]I am reading a panorama of American history.我在看美国通史.
【记】pan全，ora说，ma妈－妈妈全部说出来－全景；详细描述
【参】pantheon（n 万神殿）；pantomime（n 手势；哑剧）
【反】narrow（n 狭窄部分；adj 狭窄的）
US [-ə'ræm.ə] noun countable
■a view of a wide area 全景
• From the hotel roof you can enjoy a panorama of the whole city. 从饭店楼顶上你可以欣赏到城市的全景。
■a view, description or study of events or activities 全貌，概述，概论
• The investigation revealed a panorama of corruption and illegal dealings. 调查揭露了腐败和非法交易的全貌。
n. 全景，全貌；全景画；概论
 - panoramic view, overall view

Word: polyglot
Front: polyglot
[ˈpɒliglɒt] (宝 27952/39469)
Vocabulary: polyglot
(once / 10190 pages)
nadj
Ni hao! Comment allez-vous? Estoy bien, gracias. Sayōnara! If you understood everything you just read, you’re probably a polyglot — a person who understands multiple languages.
There are thousands of languages spoken in the world, but you don’t need to know them all to be a polyglot. The –glot comes from the Greek word for “tongue,” and the prefix poly- means “more than one,” so if you speak two or more languages, you’re technically a polyglot. Well done! Polyglot can also be used as an adjective, like describing "a polyglot neighborhood" full of people from many different cultures or the "polyglot crowd at the Olympic games."
WORD FAMILY
polyglot: polyglots
USAGE EXAMPLES
In it, our interspecies polyglot shifts his research into a higher gear.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Author, diplomat, autodidact, university founder, polyglot, governor, president — and also slaveholder.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Using a polyglot of Vietnamese, French and English, “we could all converse,” he added.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. （人）通晓、使用多种语言的，（书等）用多种语言写的
n. 通晓多种语言的人
分布：通晓多种语言的(51%)，多种语言混合的(21%)，通数国语言的人(14%)，用数国语言记载的书(14%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-glot,语言，舌头，词源同glossary.
通晓多种语言者(poly+math数学;知识)[poly-表示"多"]
使用多种语言的(poly多+glot)[gloss,glot=tongue表示"舌头",引申为"词语"]
通晓多种语言的人(poly多+glot舌头,语言)[-ot表名词"…人"]
US ['pɑ:.lɪ.glɑ:t] formal
adjective
■speaking or using several different languages 说多种语言的，多种语言混合的
• She was reading a polyglot bible, with the text in English, Latin and Greek. 她在看一本多种文字对照的《圣经》，经文由英语、拉丁语和希腊语写成。
■containing people from many different and distant places 由来自不同地方的人组成的
• New York is an exciting polyglot city. 纽约是一个令人兴奋的多元化城市。

Word: pottery
Front: pottery
[ˈpɒtəri] (托雅宝 7100/5671 -1)
Back: n. 陶器; 陶器厂[作坊]; <集合词>陶器类; 陶器制造（术）
分布：陶器(100%)
→来自pot,壶，罐子，陶器，-ery,名词后缀。
【记】pot陶器罐子
US ['pɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the activity or skill of making clay objects by hand 陶瓷制造（术），陶艺
 ADVANCED
■objects that are made out of clay by hand 陶器，陶瓷器皿
• They sell pottery and other handmade goods. 他们卖陶器和其他手工制品。
n. [陶瓷] 陶器；陶器厂；陶器制造术
 - ware, earthware

Word: patty
Front: patty
[ˈpæti] (12317/38871)
Back: n. 小馅饼
分布：帕蒂(女子名(100%)
→来自法语pate,馅饼，来自古法语paste,面团。引申词义肉饼，小肉饼。
US ['pætˌ-] noun countable
■a piece of food made into a disc shape which is then cooked 小馅饼
• minced meat patties/sweet corn patties 碎肉馅饼／甜玉米馅饼
n. 肉饼；小馅饼
 - meat pie, bakemeat

Word: pollard
Front: pollard
[ˈpɒləd] (-/22333)
Back: n. 角被割下的动物（如牛、羊鹿等），被修剪的树木，糠
vt. 修剪树枝
时态：pollarded, pollarding, pollards
分布：截去角的动物(50%)，截去枝梢的树(50%)
→来自poll,剪枝，修剪，-ard,名词后缀。

Word: prank
Front: prank
[præŋk] (宝 14176/20340 -1)
Vocabulary: prank
(once / 1601 pages)
1n 2vn
Pretending to be someone else on the phone or putting a whoopee cushion on someone's chair are two very old types of a prank, or practical joke, played at someone else's expense.
There are many kinds of pranks in the world. If you called a friend and said you were the police, that would be a prank phone call. Some pranks can be mean and even dangerous, while others are silly. Some people prank their friends, while others prank people they dislike. Some people never outgrow the need to pull a good prank. A less common meaning of prank is to dress up in a showy or silly way.
WORD FAMILY
prank: pranked, pranking, prankish, pranks, prankster +/prankish: prankishly, prankishness/ prankster: pranksters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officer Garcia said that he did not find the prank funny, and that the suspect was believed to be a man.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pitch 2 was an anemic office prank: a woman surprised by a screen saver of a camel.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There are several black children in Ralphie’s elementary school classroom and, like their white peers, they participate in pulling a prank on their teacher.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 恶作剧; 开玩笑
vt. 装饰; 打扮
vi. 炫耀自己
时态：pranked, pranking, pranks
分布：恶作剧(70%)，开玩笑(10%)，戏谑(9%)，装饰(5%)，打扮(4%)，盛装(2%)
→来自中古英语pranken,装饰，炫耀，来自Proto-Germanic*prag,挤，压，收腹，穿衣打扮，来自brangh,挤，压，词源同prance.
【记】p破，rank等级：具有破等级的下等兵爱恶作剧。
【区】plank（n 木板）
【参】prankster（n 顽皮爱开玩笑的人）
noun countable
■a trick that is intended to be funny but not to cause harm or damage 胡闹，玩笑，恶作剧
• When I was at school we were always playing pranks on our teachers. 我念书时我们总是搞恶作剧捉弄老师。
• I've had enough of your childish pranks. 我受够了你孩子般的胡闹了。
n. 恶作剧，开玩笑；戏谑
 - mischief, trick
vt. 装饰；打扮
 - paint, hang, dress oneself, array, trick out
vi. 炫耀自己；胡闹
 - play the peacock, monkey business

Word: preventable
Front: preventable
[prɪ'ventəbl] (16351/21314)
Vocabulary: preventable
(once / 13281 pages)
adj
Anything that's preventable can be avoided or stopped in its tracks. A preventable disease is one that you can easily be vaccinated against.
A lot of theft is preventable, if you remember to lock your car doors. Head injuries are mostly preventable too, if you wear a helmet when you ride your bike. Unless you're completely lost in your math class, bad grades on quizzes are preventable too; you just need to do your homework and study. When you prevent something, you keep it from happening. The Latin root is praevenire, "come before, anticipate, or hinder."
WORD FAMILY
preventable: unpreventable+/ prevent: preventable, preventative, prevented, preventing, prevention, preventive, prevents/ preventative: preventatives/ prevention: preventions/ preventive: preventively, preventives
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the number of vehicles with human operators falls, so too will the preventable fatalities.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Gen. John Nichols says an Army investigative team from Fort Rucker, Alabama, will work to determine what happened and if Wednesday afternoon’s crash was preventable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"You see this rise in chronic disease spending -- much of it is potentially preventable."
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 可阻止的，可预防的
分布：可预防的(80%)，可防止的(20%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■able to be prevented 可防止的，可预防的，可阻止的
• preventable accidents/injuries 可预防的事故／伤害
adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的
 - avertible

Word: primer
Front: primer
[ˈpraɪmə(r)] (10881/10818)
Vocabulary: primer
(once / 3284 pages)
1n 2n
A primer gets you ready for what comes next. You could use one kind of primer when you are learning to read, or another kind when you are preparing to paint a room.
Any way you use the word primer, it's a first step or preparation for something else. There's primer you use before painting, and an engine primer that prepares a machine to be started. In these examples, primer rhymes with timer. When primer describes an introductory textbook, it rhymes with dimmer. In the 14th century, a primer was a prayer book. This word comes from primus, the Latin word for first.
WORD FAMILY
primer: primers+/ primacy: primacies/ prime: primacy, primed, primely, primer, primes, primest, priming/priming: primings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here is a quick primer on the case.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
A primer on Idaho’s electors and the Electoral College:
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
It also produced several videos including a primer for new listeners called “Meet CL,” and another of a plane writing her name in the sky.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 底漆; 启蒙读本; 入门书
分布：底漆(72%)，入门书(13%)，雷管(8%)，底火(5%)，启蒙书(2%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，-er,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
初级读本(prim+er→第一本书)[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
US [-mɚ] noun
PAINT 画
countable or uncountable
■a type of paint that you put on a wooden surface before the main paint is put on 底层涂料；底漆
• It's best to use a coat of primer before the top coat. 最好在刷表漆前先刷一层底漆。
UK ['praɪ.mər] US [-mɚ] noun
BOOK 书
countable old-fashioned
■a small book containing basic facts about a subject, used especially when you are beginning to learn about that subject 入门书，初学者读物

Word: reassemble
Front: reassemble
[ˌri:əˈsembl] (15828/18742)
Vocabulary: reassemble
(once / 6318 pages)
v
When you rebuild something, you reassemble it. You might find that taking apart your bicycle is easy. but things may get much more complicated when you try to reassemble it.
After you remove the legs from your kitchen table so you can move it through a narrow door into another room, you'll have to reassemble it. You can also use this verb to mean "gather together again," like when your art class visits a museum, where the students spread out to see different exhibits and then reassemble in the lobby later in the day.
WORD FAMILY
reassemble: reassembled, reassembles, reassembling+/ assemblage: assemblages/ assemble: assemblage, assembled, assembler, assembles, assembling, disassemble, preassemble, reassemble /assembler: assemblers/assembling: assemblings/ disassemble: disassembled, disassembles, disassembling, disassembly/preassemble: preassembled
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now those scattered parts must be reassembled before the plant begins delivering parts in January.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It was clear from the start that Mrs. Clinton was struggling to reassemble the Obama coalition.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Then it was packed up, brought down to the main floor and reassembled a few weeks ago for Christmas.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 重新组装; 重新装配; 重新召集
时态：reassembled, reassembling, reassembles
分布：重装(50%)，再聚集(25%)，再汇编(25%)
→re-,再，重新，assemble,装配。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to come together again, or bring something together again, in a single place 再集合；（使）重新聚集
• After lunch, the class reassembled. 午饭后，全班再次集中到一起。
transitive
■to make something again by joining its separate parts together 重新装配；再次组装
• Investigators have been reassembling the wreckage of the plane. 事故调查专家一直在拼合飞机残骸。
vt. 重新装配；重新召集
 - repackage

Word: reinvest
Front: reinvest
[ˌri:ɪnˈvest] (-/24060)
Back: vt. 再投资于，再授给
时态：reinvested, reinvesting, reinvests
分布：再投资(88%)，再委任(8%)，重新授予(4%)
→re-,再，重新，invest,投资。
vi. 再投资
 - plough back

Word: provence
Front: provence
[prɔˈvɑ:ns] (-/15684)
Back: n. 普罗旺斯（法国东南部一地区）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: protectorate
Front: protectorate
[prəˈtektərət] (22297/26052)
Vocabulary: protectorate
(once / 3357 pages)
n
A protectorate is a state or country that's protected by a larger, stronger one. Protectorate is another word for “protected state.”
Protectorates are weak territories protected and partly controlled by stronger ones. A country defends its protectorate, but it doesn't own it, and it doesn't meddle with the protectorate's internal affairs. A protectorate is in a more equal relationship than a mother country and a colony. The more powerful country may help the protectorate with economic issues as well as defense. With a capital p it refers to a specific time of the government of England in the 1600’s.
WORD FAMILY
protectorate: protectorates
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is not a colony. It is not a protectorate. It doesn’t depend on any foreign government.”
Time(Nov 09, 2016)
“It is not a colony, it is not a protectorate, it does not depend on any foreign government.”
The Guardian(Nov 09, 2016)
Plenty of listeners in the greater country protectorate remain skeptical of Morris’s pop-gloss, which should come as no surprise.
Washington Post(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 受保护国，受保护领地
分布：受保护国(40%)，摄政(38%)，护民官之职(22%)
→来自protect,保护。比喻用法。
US [-tɚ-] noun countable
■a country which is generally controlled and defended by a more powerful country 保护国

Word: sarawak
Front: sarawak
[səˈrɑ:wək] (-/29595)
Back: n. 沙捞越（马来西亚的一邦）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: repossess
Front: repossess
[ˌri:pəˈzes] (25355/18885 -1)
Back: vt. 取回，收回，重新获得; 把占有权还给…。
时态：repossessed, repossessing, repossesses
分布：取回(41%)，重新占有(33%)，收复(26%)
→re-,向后，往回，possess,拥有，所有。
【记】re重新，possess（v 拥有）
verb transitive
■to take back possession of something, especially property that has not been completely paid for 收回，取回，重新占有，重新拥有（尤指未能完全付款的房产）
• I couldn't make my mortgage repayments so the building society repossessed my house. 我还不上按揭贷款，所以购房互助协会收回了我的房子。
vt. 收回；取复；重新获得
 - recover, withdraw, resume

Word: salford

Word: scenic
Front: scenic
[ˈsi:nɪk] (托 8163/12394 -1)
Vocabulary: scenic
(once / 3601 pages)
adj
Something scenic is lush and beautiful to look at, like a mountain range.
A pretty sight can be called a beautiful scene, and you can refer to amazing, gorgeous sights as scenic. Niagara Falls and the Grand Canyon are two of the most scenic landmarks in the world; that's why so many tourists go to see them. A drive through the country, with open fields, farm life, and mountain ranges is scenic. Scenic sights are natural. You need to get out of the city or suburbs to get a scenic view.
WORD FAMILY
scenic: scenically+/ scene: scenery, scenes, scenic / scenery: sceneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The church’s location in a scenic downtown also is a highlighted feature.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But don’t limit yourself to just one scenic hike: See them all.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Today’s actions will help protect this cultural legacy and will ensure that future generations are able to enjoy and appreciate these scenic and historic landscapes.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 风景优美的; 舞台的; 戏剧性的; 布景的，背景的
n. 风景照片; 风景胜地; 实景电影
分布：风景好的(56%)，戏剧性的(44%)
→scene,舞台场景，-ic,形容词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
adjective
■having or allowing you to see beautiful natural features 风景优美的
• an area of outstanding scenic beauty 风景优美的地区
• a scenic drive/railway 风景优美的公路／铁路
• We took the scenic route home. 我们回家走了一条风景优美的路。
adj. 风景优美的；舞台的；戏剧的
 - dramatic, theatrical

Word: smirk
Front: smirk
[smɜ:k] (宝 13553/23185 -1)
Vocabulary: smirk
(once / 3681 pages)
vn
A smirk is specific kind of smile, one that suggests self-satisfaction, smugness, or even pleasure at someone else's unhappiness or misfortune.
Smirk can function as either a noun or a verb: "Wipe that smirk off your face. Don't smirk at me, buddy: you're gonna get yours next!" A smirk implies you think you're better than the person you're smirking at. Ever heard of the term "service with a smile"? Yeah, well, there's a reason it's not "service with a smirk."
WORD FAMILY
smirk: smirked, smirker, smirking, smirks+/smirker: smirkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
People in the audience began to chuckle and smirk at one another.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Instead, he invoked the Fifth Amendment and, at times, seemed to smirk.
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
At which point, we should allow ourselves a collective smirk.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 傻笑，得意的笑; 假笑
vi. 傻笑; 假笑着说
时态：smirked, smirking, smirks
分布：傻笑(50%)，假笑(40%)，得意地笑(10%)
→来自古英语 smearcian,笑，来自 Proto-Germanic*smer,笑，来自 smei,笑，高兴，惊叹， 词源同 smirk,miracle,marvel.后原词义被 smile 取代，现词义用于指傻笑，假笑，得意的笑等。
【记】smile＋irk：又饿又渴还笑－假笑
【参】irk（v 使厌倦）读：又饿又渴
US [smɝ:k] disapproving
noun countable
■a smile that expresses satisfaction or pleasure about having done something or knowing something which is not known by someone else 得意的笑容，诡秘的笑容
• "Maybe your husband does things that you don't know about," he said with a smirk. “你丈夫也许在做些你不知道的事情，”他诡秘地笑着说。
• "I told you it would end in disaster," said Polly with a self-satisfied smirk on her face. “我告诉过你这会是一场灾难，”波莉脸上露出自得的笑。
UK [smɜ:k] US [smɝ:k] disapproving
verb intransitive or transitive
■to smile in this way 假笑；傻笑
• I don't like the way he winks and smirks at me whenever he sees me. 我不喜欢他每次看到我时一边眨眼睛一边得意地笑。
• He smirked his way through the interview. 整个面试过程中他都在得意地笑。
n. 傻笑；假笑；得意的笑
 - horselaugh, simper
vi. 傻笑；假笑
 - giggle

Word: skunk
Front: skunk
[skʌŋk] (宝 14568/27835)
Back: n. 臭鼬; 臭鼬毛皮; <口>卑鄙的人; 可恶的人
vt. <俚>使惨败，使得零分; 烂醉如泥
时态：skulled, skunked, skulling, skunks
分布：臭鼬(72%)，讨厌鬼(9%)，欺骗(9%)，使惨败(7%)，臭鼬皮(3%)
【记】s死，kun困，k渴：skunk用臭液死死的困住你，再渴也不能喝。
noun countable
■a small black and white North American animal that makes a strong unpleasant smell as a defence when it is attacked 北美臭鼬
n. [脊椎] 臭鼬；臭鼬毛皮；讨厌鬼；卑鄙的人
 - insect, shunk
vt. 使惨败；欺骗
 - sell, fox

Word: tardy
Front: tardy
[ˈtɑ:di] (托宝 24629/34603)
Vocabulary: tardy
(once / 1737 pages)
adj
When you're tardy, you're late. If you've ever been late for school, you know about tardy, and you may have a stash of notes your teacher has sent home to your parents, informing them of your tardiness.
You may be tardy for an appointment because you got stuck in traffic, or maybe you just slept late and you don't have good time management skills. Whatever the excuse, being tardy almost always annoys whoever's waiting for you. As a reality TV star once crooned, "Don't be tardy for the party." The word comes from the Latin tardus, meaning "slow."
WORD FAMILY
tardy: tardier, tardiest, tardily, tardiness +/ tardiness: tardinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In November 1986, Dr. Mahler spoke bluntly about the tardy response.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Swift-Tuttle was two weeks tardy reaching its closest approach to the sun.
The New Yorker(Aug 11, 2016)
Tardy is a former lobbyist and former state House minority leader.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 行动缓慢的; 缓缓移动的; 晚的; 迟的
分布：迟到的(45%)，缓慢的(35%)，迟缓的(20%)
→来自拉丁语 tardus,缓慢的，词源同 retard.
缓慢的,迟的[tard=slow,表示"慢"]
迟缓的(tard慢)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
【记】源于：retard（v 延迟；使减速）
US ['tɑ:r-] formal
adjective
■slow or late in happening or arriving 行动迟缓的；迟的；迟到的
• Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David's rather tardy arrival. 由于戴维来得很晚，晚饭延后了一会儿。
adj. 缓慢的，迟缓的；迟到的
 - slow-motion, overdue
n. 迟到
 - late for, late arrival

Word: stalinism

Word: swerve
Front: swerve
[swɜ:v] (雅宝 11962/14758 -1)
Vocabulary: swerve
(once / 1152 pages)
vn
The noun swerve means a sudden turn off your path. As a verb, it means to move off your original route, possibly to avoid a collision. You can swerve either toward something or away from it.
The word swerve can be traced to the Old English sweorfan, "to turn aside," which is precisely the modern sense. It was first used as a verb in the 13th century and as a noun in the 18th. Swerve refers to a sudden veering off, perhaps not as sharp as a turn, but more a bending of your path. Think of the trajectory as an arc or curve, and remember that swerve rhymes with curve.
WORD FAMILY
swerve: swerved, swerves, swerving+/swerving: swervings, unswerving / unswerving: unswervingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The driver of the vehicle lost control, swerved into oncoming traffic and was struck by an eastbound SUV.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Two years ago, Panasonic swerved again, saying it was reviving the Technics brand to target the premium end of the audio market.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police pulled over the bus Dec. 16 after getting reports that it was swerving.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使突然转向; 使转弯
n. 改变方向
时态：swerved, swerving, swerves
分布：转向(28%)，转弯(23%)，突然转向(21%)，偏离方向(7%)，使突然转向(7%)，使转弯(7%)，偏离的程度(7%)
→可能来自辅音丛 sw-,弯，转，摇摆，摇晃，比较 swing,sway,sweep,swipe.引申词义转向，急
【记】读：死弯儿－急转弯－突然转向。
【反】maintain direction（保持方向）
US [swɝ:v] verb intransitive
■to change direction, especially suddenly 突然改变方向，紧急转弯
• The bus driver swerved to avoid hitting the cyclists. 为了不撞上骑自行车的人，这辆公共汽车只好紧急转弯。
■If you do not swerve from a principle or certain actions, you continue to think or act as you did in the beginning 改变，背离
• She is one of those rare politicians whom one can trust not to swerve from policy and principle. 她是罕有的，不会改变自己政策和原则的政治家之一。
Compare unswerving
vi. 转弯；突然转向；背离
 - make a turn, bend
n. 转向；偏离的程度
 - turning, obversion

Word: suave
Front: suave
[swɑ:v] (19685/22149)
Vocabulary: suave
(once / 1685 pages)
adj
To be suave is to be smooth, polite, and a little bit cool. Men can be suave and debonair, especially the ones riding horses on the covers of romance novels.
Suave is from the Latin word suavis which means "agreeable." To be suave is still to be agreeable — a suave person knows how to work the room, and you might want to appear suave and sophisticated when you meet your sweetie's parents. Although it's an old fashioned compliment, suave has morphed into something meaning a little bit cheesy. Suave men know how to talk to the ladies — mustaches, cologne, and ridiculous come-ons could be involved.
WORD FAMILY
suave: suavely, suaveness, suaver, suavest, suavity +/ suavity: suavities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, throw in the suave, good looks of crooner Michael Bublé and multiply by 10.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“Tanner’s looking as suave as I’ve seen him,” Baker said.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The artifice lies in the gorgeous colors, the suave camera movements and the elegant wide-screen compositions.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 平滑的; 有礼貌的; 老于世故的
分布：温和的(53%)，娴雅的(19%)，柔和的(19%)，自信而世故的(9%)
→来自拉丁语 suavis,甜美的，令人愉悦的，来自 swad,甜的，词源同 sweet,assuage.引申比 喻义圆滑的，练达的。
adjective
■describes a man who is very polite, pleasant and usually attractive, often in a way that is slightly false （男子）文绉绉的
• He's very suave and sophisticated. 他非常文气，老练世故。
adj. 柔和的，温和的；文雅的，娴雅的
 - pacific, female, delicate, soft, moderate

Word: sweater
Front: sweater
[ˈswetə(r)] (中高研四六雅 4789/6680 -K2)
Back: n. 毛衣，运动衫; 出汗（过多）的人，发汗剂; 榨取别人血汗的人（或工厂、公司等）
adj. 运动衫的; 运动衫式的
分布：毛衣(99%)，出汗者(1%)
n.毛衣,绒衣,厚运动衫The man in neat sweaty sweater seated himself in the rear.穿整洁的汗湿毛衣的男子在后面就坐.
US ['swetˌ.ɚ] (UK also jumper)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of clothing with long sleeves which is usually made from wool and worn on the upper part of the body 针织套衫，毛线衫
• Put a sweater on if you're cold. 如果你觉得冷就穿件毛线衫吧。
• a V-necked sweater V领针织衫
Compare cardigan
n. 毛线衣，运动衫；大量出汗的人，发汗剂
 - jersey, sports shirt

Word: trepidation
Front: trepidation
[ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃn] (托宝 15615/18451)
Vocabulary: trepidation
(once / 3083 pages)
n
When plain old "fear" isn't enough to get across a deep feeling of dread about something on the horizon, use the more formal word trepidation.
"It was with a certain trepidation that I attended an advance screening of Rob Zombie's Halloween in Hollywood last night," wrote a film reviewer. Some dictionaries note that trepidation carries connotations of apprehension about an upcoming threat. In most cases, though, you can get by with the simpler word fear — why use three syllables when you could make do with one? The word comes from the Latin verb trepidare, "to tremble."
WORD FAMILY
trepidation: trepidations
USAGE EXAMPLES
I felt some trepidation when I first signed on to the project.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s as eye-opening for Jamie as “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” the radical feminist anthology that he first opens with almost spiritual reverence — or is it trepidation?
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“I would call it enhanced trepidation, an amplified anxiety,” said Cynthia Rosenberg, a Baltimore immigration attorney.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 害怕; 不安; 震颤; 颤抖
分布：恐惧(46%)，颤抖(25%)，忧虑(20%)，惊惶(9%)
→来自拉丁语 trepidare,颤抖，惶恐，来自 trep,颤抖，摇晃，可能来自 ter,转，摇，扭 曲，词源同 turn,tremble.引申词义惊恐，惶恐等。
胆怯[trepid=trembling(颤抖)]
【记】读：踹屁dation，别人要踹你的屁股－害怕，胆小
【参】intrepid（adj 无畏的）
【反】aplomb（n 沉着）；dauntless（adj 不屈不挠的）/sober（adj 冷静的）－trepid（adj 惊恐的）
[ˌtrep.ɪ'deɪ.ʃən] formal
noun uncountable
■fear or worry about what is going to happen 惊恐不安，惴惴不安
• We view future developments with some trepidation. 我们对未来的发展动态感到惴惴不安。
n. 恐惧；惊恐；忧虑；颤抖
 - fear, care, disturbance, worries

Word: tearful
Front: tearful
[ˈtɪəfl] (16568/14851 -1)
Vocabulary: tearful
(once / 1339 pages)
adj
Before you break out in a full-fledged cry — when you're wiping your eyes and blowing your nose, you're tearful.
If a person is tearful, he or she is full of tears. Most of them haven't flowed, but you can see them in someone's eyes. If you break out in a full-fledged cry, you're no longer tearful, you're weeping. If something is tearful, there are lots of tears involved. Think about the last time you said a tearful goodbye to a good friend, gave your sister a tearful hug, or witnessed a victim's tearful plea for mercy.
WORD FAMILY
tearful: tearfully, tearfulness+/ tear: teared, tearful, tearing, tearless, tears, tore, torn /tearing: tearingly, tearings/tearless: tearlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday night, she issued a tearful appeal for people to help find him.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In a tearful speech to the University of New South Wales, prominent Indigenous journalist Stan Grant implored Australians to reckon with their nation’s painful past.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
A video from a surprise 80th birthday party in March shows him tearful and backing off from assembled staff.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 含泪的; 使人流泪的; 潸; 汪汪
分布：含泪的(58%)，悲伤的(23%)，使人流泪的(19%)
US ['tɪr-] adjective
■crying or likely to cry 含泪的；流泪的；可能会哭的
• After a tearful farewell at the station, we went our separate ways. 在火车站含泪告别后，我们便分道扬镳了。
• Katy's always a bit tearful when it's time to go back to school. 到了该回学校的时候，凯蒂总是哭哭啼啼的。
adj. 含泪的；令人伤心的
 - misty-eyed, moist

Word: torah

Word: tele
Front: tele
['telɪ] (-/41382)
Back: n. 电视
adj. 远距离的; 远的; 电视的; 通过电话的
分布：电视(100%)
n. 电视（等于television）
 - video, telly, small screen, telvision

Word: unknowable
Front: unknowable
[ʌnˈnəʊəbl] (19935/23589)
Back: adj. 不能知道的，不可知的
分布：不可知的(100%)
adj. 不可知的；不能知道的
 - incognizable

Word: vandalise
Front: vandalise
['vændəlaɪz] (-/20209)
Back: vt. 肆意破坏（尤指公共财产）
分布：动词(50%)，名词(50%)
vt. （英）破坏（等于vandalize）
 - destroy, undermine, founder, stroy

Word: venality
Front: venality
[vi:'nælətɪ] (33458/35342)
Vocabulary: venality
(once / 13046 pages)
n
Venality is the quality of being open to bribery or overly motivated by money. A government worker's venality might lead him to exchange state secrets for cash.
Criminals are known for their venality, being willing to break the law for a financial reward. This kind of venality can vary from police officers accepting bribes to politicians making decisions and passing laws based on campaign contributions. The Late Latin root word is venalitatem, "capable of being bought," from venum, "for sale."
WORD FAMILY
venality: venalities+/ venal: venality, venally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The novel juxtaposes the ideals of loyalty, service, patriotism and noblesse oblige against the venality of contemporary Wall Street.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Despite all appearances to the contrary, Donald Trump is just a traditional conservative, they say as they prettify venality and sanitise hatred.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
So is where—on a scale from seismic scandal to venality to naive narcissism—it belongs.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 贪赃枉法，腐败
分布：唯利是图(100%)
惟利是图(venal贪财的)[-ality表名词"状态,性质"]
n. 唯利是图；贪赃枉法；受贿
 - gainfulness, bribery

Word: vase
Front: vase
[vɑ:z] (高研四六 7044/6555 -1)
Back: n. 装饰瓶，花瓶
分布：花瓶(100%)
→来自拉丁语vas,容器，词源同vessel,用于指花瓶。
n.花瓶,瓶Based on the basic case, the purchaser found the vase in the basin in the basement.根据这个基本情况,购买者在地下室的盆子里找到了花瓶.
US [veɪs] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a container for holding flowers or for decoration 花瓶
• a vase of flowers 一瓶花
n. 瓶； [轻] 花瓶
 - cruse

Word: zion
Front: zion
[ˈzaiən] (-/24744)
Back: n. 原意：耶路撒冷的一个迦南要塞; 后指锡安山、耶路撒冷、以色列的土地; 犹太人; 天国
n. 耶路撒冷；锡安山；天国，天堂；基督教会
 - Jerusalem, heaven, paradise

Word: wiretap
Front: wiretap
['waɪətæp] (宝 18310/-)
Back: v. 搭线窃听，窃听或偷录
n. 窃听或偷录，窃听情报，窃听装置
时态：wiretapped, wiretapping, wiretaps
分布：窃听(48%)，窃听装置(26%)，窃听或偷录(26%)
VERB
搭线窃听(电话)
If someone wiretaps your telephone, they attach a special device to the line so that they can secretly listen to your conversations.
例：The coach said his club had wiretapped the hotel room of a player during a road trip.教练说他的俱乐部曾经窃听了一名开车旅行的运动员所住宾馆房间的电话。
n. 窃听；窃听装置
 - interception
vi. （搭线）窃听
 - listen in on

Word: vim
Front: vim
[vɪm] (宝 32287/40460)
Vocabulary: vim
(once / 10377 pages)
n
Vim is energy and enthusiasm. If you've got vim, then you probably pack a little extra oomph in your life!
Vim is an odd-looking word, but it stands for a simple concept: being ready for activity, especially vigorous activity. Someone who is always playing sports or going on trips is full of vim. Someone who lies on the couch watching TV all day shows very little vim. This word often appears in the phrase "vim and vigor." If you have vim, you have energy and you're ready to put that energy into all sorts of activities; you're up for anything.
WORD FAMILY
vim
USAGE EXAMPLES
All else equal, such largesse should indeed give the economy some temporary vim.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Even his voters seemed to lack their usual vim.
New York Times(Nov 08, 2016)
But they cannot accommodate nearly as much energy as batteries, so they soon run out of vim.
Economist(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: n. <旧，非正>精力，活力，力量
分布：精力(48%)，精神(31%)，生气(21%)
→来自拉丁语vis,力量，精力，-m,宾格后缀，比较am,him,来自weie,追寻，渴求，词源同win, Venus.
【记】源于：vigor（n 精力；活力）
【反】lassitude（n 疲乏）
[vɪm] old-fashioned
noun uncountable
■energy and enthusiasm 精力；活力；热情
• At 87, Minna's still full of vim and vigour. 87岁的明娜仍然充满了活力。
n. 精力，活力；精神，生气
 - energy, vitality, spirit, soul, mind

Word: whiskey
Front: whiskey
['wɪskɪ] (7021/16934 -1)
Back: n. 威士忌酒
adj. 威士忌酒的
分布：威士忌酒(95%)，=whisky.(5%)
N-MASS
(产于爱尔兰或美国的)威士忌酒
Whiskey is whisky that is made in Ireland or the United States.
例：...a tumbler with about an inch of whiskey in it.里面还有约1英寸高的威士忌酒的平底大玻璃杯
n. [食品] 威士忌酒
 - wiskey

Word: wallow
Front: wallow
[ˈwɒləʊ] (宝 14983/18476 -1)
Vocabulary: wallow
(once / 2305 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
To wallow is to roll about in something, as a pig wallows in mud or a billionaire wallows in money.
Wallow can be used to describe a physical action or an emotional state. If you cry "Woe is me!" one too many times, you might be accused of wallowing in self-pity. Because of its association with the much-maligned pig, wallow often has a negative, insulting tone. So, rather than wallowing in that pile of money once you've won the lottery, try bathing or wading in it instead.
WORD FAMILY
wallow: wallowed, wallowing, wallows
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I decided instead of wallowing in grief, I would do something nice for somebody,” May said of last year’s party.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I’m not a wallowing behemoth with a giant bureaucracy,” Mr. Ford said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Either way, wallowing on past misses brings stress.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. <喻>沉迷; 打滚; 簸在海浪中颠
n. （动物）打滚的地方; 堕落; 泥坑
时态：wallowed, wallowing, wallows
分布：打滚(52%)，堕落(24%)，沉溺于(18%)，打滚的地方(6%)
→来自wel,转，旋转，词源同volume,involve。引申词义打滚。
【记】wall（n 墙），low低：导致水溢出－在水中打滚你的孩子要是wallow，就wallop他。
US ['wɑ:.loʊ] verb intransitive
■(especially of particular animals) to lie or roll about slowly in deep wet earth, sand or water （尤指动物在泥、沙或水中）打滚
• a hippopotamus wallowing in mud 在烂泥中打滚的河马
UK ['wɒl.əʊ] US ['wɑ:.loʊ] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wallow in sth
ENJOY
■to allow yourself to enjoy something completely 纵情享受；放纵于
• My idea of a holiday is to book myself into a five-star hotel and just wallow in the luxury for a week. 我心目中的假期是预订一家五星级的饭店，纵情享受奢华的一周。
REMAIN UNHAPPY
■to remain in an unhappy emotional state without trying to get out of it, as if you are enjoying it or trying to get sympathy from other people 沉湎于，陷于
• I wish she'd do something to help herself instead of just wallowing in self-pity! 我希望她能做一些有助于自已的事，而不是沉湎于顾影自怜之中！
vi. 打滚；沉迷；颠簸
 - roll about
n. 打滚；堕落；泥坑
 - corruption, degradation, deterioration

Word: yam
Front: yam
[jæm] (14670/36156)
Vocabulary: yam
(once / 3722 pages)
n
A yam is a starchy vegetable that grows underground. Yams are similar to potatoes — they can be baked, boiled, mashed, grated, or cut into chunks.
In North America, a yam is the same thing as a sweet potato, although in most parts of the world these words refer to two completely different vegetables. Yams have flesh that ranges in color from white to deep orange and tastes slightly sweet. The word yam started as igname, from the Portuguese inhame, from a West African source.
WORD FAMILY
yam: yams
USAGE EXAMPLES
Look what we dug up today – a 21.8kg yam.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Cook’s note: Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes are often called “garnet” sweet potatoes or “yams” in American grocery stores.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Sisi made it well; she pounded the yam energetically, adding drops of water into the mortar, her cheeks contracting with the thump-thump-thump of the pestle.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 薯蓣; 山药; 甘薯; 白薯
分布：山药(70%)，番薯(30%)
→来自非洲土著语。
noun countable or uncountable
■a potato-like root from a tropical climbing plant that can be eaten, or the plant it grows from 薯蓣，山药
US * a sweet potato
n. [园艺] 薯蓣；甘薯
 - sweet potato, Spanish potato

Word: aroma
Front: aroma
[əˈrəʊmə] (托宝 8323/10441 -1)
Vocabulary: aroma
(once / 1438 pages)
n
Aroma is the word for a fragrant scent, one that pleases the nose in a way that makes you lick your lips. Unlike its foul-smelling cousin the odor, an aroma smells but never stinks.
Want to know what aromas smell like? Brew a fresh pot of coffee, grill some onions, and fry up a few strips of bacon. Aromas make you drool. You can also use the word to describe things that don't literally smell, yet somehow seem to linger smell-like in the air, like the oppressive aroma of a brutal dictatorship.
WORD FAMILY
aroma: aromas, aromatic, aromatise, aromatize+/ aromatic: aromatically, non-aromatic/aromatise: aromatised/aromatize: aromatized, aromatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each pop along the way helps enhance the drink’s aroma.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Jones also called for, “a good exhaust system,” adding that “not all food aromas are pleasant ones.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The aroma device is now a key part of Mr Pfaudler's thinking too.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 芳香，香味; 气派，风格
分布：香气(96%)，浓香(4%)
→来自拉丁语。
芳香[arom=apice(香料)]
【记】读：我肉麻。提问：如果你碰到这样的女人－黄头发，绿眼睛，紫嘴唇，8个耳环，网式露脐装，黑皮超短裙，长筒靴，再加上一身浓浓的香水味儿，你什么感觉？回答：我肉麻。A roma：一种罗马女人的芳香！
US [-'roʊ-] noun countable
■a strong pleasant smell, usually from food or drink （通常指食物、饮料的）香味，香气，芳香
• the aroma of freshly baked bread 刚出炉的面包的香味
• a wine with a light fruity aroma 散发着淡淡果香的酒
n. [食品] 芳香
 - sweet, balminess

Word: abdicate
Front: abdicate
[ˈæbdɪkeɪt] (托宝 19114/18884)
Vocabulary: abdicate
(once / 1648 pages)
v
Sometimes someone in power might decide to give up that power and step down from his or her position. When they do that, they abdicate their authority, giving up all duties and perks of the job.
The original meaning of the verb abdicate came from the combination of the Latin ab- "away" and dicare "proclaim." (Note that in the charming relationships between languages with common roots, the Spanish word for "he says" is dice, which comes directly from dicare.) The word came to refer to disowning one's children, and it wasn't until the 17th century that the first use of the word relating to giving up power or public office was recorded.
WORD FAMILY
abdicate: abdicable, abdicated, abdicates, abdicating, abdication, abdicator+/ abdication: abdications
USAGE EXAMPLES
On March 15, 1917, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the Russian throne as a result of the February Revolution.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
"If the federal government abdicates that responsibility, the more aggressive and progressive state attorneys general will fill that vacuum," he said.
Reuters(Nov 18, 2016)
However, the smart money is on Kaiser Wilhelm II, the last German emperor and king of Prussia, abdicating at the end of World War One.
BBC(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 放弃（职责、权力等）
vi. 退位，逊位
adj. 可以放弃的; 放弃权力的，退位的
n. 放弃权力者，退位者
时态：abdicated, abdicating, abdicates
分布：退位(60%)，辞职(23%)，让位(13%)，正式放弃(4%)
→前缀ab-, 离开。词根dic，说，命令，同dictionary, 字典，规范语言。
放弃;退位(ab离开+dic说,命令+ate→不再命令→退位)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
【参】abdicator（n 退位者）；indicate（v 表示，暗示）
【反】usurp（v 纂夺）；assume（v 担任官位）；constitute（v 任命）
verb
KING/QUEEN 国王／皇后
intransitive or transitive
■If a king or queen abdicates, they make a formal statement that they no longer want to be king or queen 逊位；退（位），让（位），正式放弃（王位）
• King Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936 so that he could marry Mrs Simpson, a divorced woman. 为了和离过婚的辛普森夫人结婚，英王爱德华八世在1936年退位（放弃英国王位）。
['æb.dɪ.keɪt] verb
NOT DO 不做
abdicate responsibility formal disapproving
■to stop controlling or managing something that you are in charge of 放弃职责
• She was accused of abdicating all responsibility for the project. 她因为对这个项目完全撒手不管而受到了指责。
vi. 退位；放弃
 - fall out of, render up
vt. 退位；放弃
 - yield, desert, quit

Word: algebra
Front: algebra
[ˈældʒɪbrə] (高四六托 12790/16477)
Vocabulary: algebra
(once / 2638 pages)
n
If the math equation you're doing has letters or other symbols that stand for numbers, you're likely doing algebra. You probably took your first algebra class early in your high school years.
The noun algebra comes from Arabic word al jebr, meaning "reunion of broken parts," which appeared in the title of mathematician al-Khwarizmi's famous book on equations. In algebra you use basic arithmetic like addition and subtraction, but the quantities you're working with are often unknown — that's why they're represented by letters. You might remember solving algebra equations that look like this: a(b + c) = ab + ac. The letters a, b, and c all represent a number.
WORD FAMILY
algebra: algebraic, algebraical, algebraist, algebras+/algebraic: algebraically/algebraist: algebraists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christ taught algebra to juniors and seniors at South Plainfield High School for two years.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s complex, involves a lot of formal logic and algebra, and is mostly useless.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
In high schools, intermediate algebra is often part of courses called “algebra 2.”
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 代数学，代数
分布：代数学(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语al jabr. al, 定冠词。-gebra同 jabr, 接骨，喻指计算，阿拉伯数学家Khwarizmi的数学论文标题。
noun uncountable
■a part of mathematics in which signs and letters represent numbers 代数

Word: backdoor
Front: backdoor
['bækdɔ:] (24498/37219)
Back: adj. 秘密的
分布：秘密的(67%)，偷偷摸摸的(33%)
adj. 秘密的
 - secret, underground, chamber, inside, cabinet
n. [建] 后门
 - postern

Word: barley
Front: barley
[ˈbɑ:li] (六 11471/7822 -1)
Vocabulary: barley
(once / 979 pages)
n
Barley is a grain that's related to the grass family and is used in many foods and drinks. Barley is an important ingredient in making beer.
Barley is the fourth largest crop grown in the world. It's used to feed grazing livestock, eaten as a whole grain, milled into flour for baking, and dried to make malt, an ingredient in both beer and whisky. The Old English root of barley is bærlic, most likely from a Proto-Indo-European source that means "bristle, point, or projection."
WORD FAMILY
barley: barleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The backbone of a diet good for both people and planet is whole grains and legumes: oats, barley, wheat, corn, beans, peanuts, lentils.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The publication also includes the first assessment of crops including wild oats, barley, mango and other wild relative plants.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
The second, darker variety, which is sold exclusively at Hiwot, contains whole-wheat flour, red sorghum, black teff and barley.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 大麦; 大麦粒; 麦子
分布：大麦(100%)
→bar, 来自PIE *bhars, 刺，硬毛，同bristle, 刚毛，硬毛。-ley, 同like, 像。因麦穗如硬毛而命名。
US ['bɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■a tall plant like grass with long straight hairs growing from the head of each stem, or the grain from this plant which is used for food and for making beer and whisky 大麦
n. [作物] 大麦
 - hordeum vulgare, Hordeum

Word: banter
Front: banter
[ˈbæntə(r)] (宝 16960/15253 -1)
Vocabulary: banter
(once / 1652 pages)
nv
Good friends usually banter back and forth easily, like they're trying to keep a step ahead of each other in witty responses. This type of banter is their special language of friendship.
Banter is both a noun and a verb about talking. It comes from unknown origins, but even as a word, it seems to be playful and teasing. You can engage in banter with friends, siblings, parents, and even good-natured strangers. Banter usually ends with everyone feeling better for the talk and verbal play. Joking, joshing, and teasing are all related to banter.
WORD FAMILY
banter: bantered, bantering, banters+/ bantering: banteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he “enjoyed every second” of the fight that included ongoing banter between the fighters.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Instead, I run a men’s group where we laugh and share and banter about the stuff that matters and hurts.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Meanwhile one Tuesday, Kiley’s nurse, Terri Griffin, bantered with her as she assembled the IV drugs.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 玩笑; 逗乐; 〈美方〉挑战
vi. 开玩笑，说笑; 逗乐
vt. （善意地）取笑; 逗弄
时态：bantered, bantering, banters
分布：开玩笑(82%)，戏弄(11%)，轻松说笑(7%)
→词源不详，可能来自词根bat, 张嘴，窘迫。-er, 表反复。
【记】读：搬他。我们在开玩笑的时候经常会把某人搬起来，抛向空中，再接住。如果你不喜欢他，不接他也摔不死。
【区】barter（n 易货贸易）；读：巴特儿。他来买你的东西可得小心。身高210cm，体重130公斤的力量型中锋，他要是使假币，你敢跟他牛吗？！所以，不要钱，可以要点儿他的背心儿、裤衩儿，鞋呀，袜子呀什么的。我知道你穿不了，但是有升值潜力－易货。
US [-tˌɚ] noun uncountable
■conversation which is funny and not serious 开玩笑，逗乐
• He considered himself a master of witty banter. 他认为自己是风趣幽默的玩笑大王。
UK ['bæn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive
■to talk to someone in a friendly and humorous way （善意地）取笑，逗弄
• He stood around bantering with his colleagues. 他转来转去，与同事们打趣逗乐。
n. （善意的）戏谑；逗弄
 - jocosity, tantalization
vt. 善意地取笑；逗弄
 - tantalise
vi. 开玩笑；谈笑
 - fool, kid around

Word: ascertain
Front: ascertain
[ˌæsəˈteɪn] (研六托雅 9571/5989 -1)
Vocabulary: ascertain
(once / 228 pages)
v
Ascertain is a verb that means to find out something. You might have to go to the bank to ascertain if there is any money in your account.
This is a formal word that often applies to discovering the facts or truth about something through examination or experimentation. Information that is ascertained is certain beyond a doubt. If you want a less formal synonym, use discover.
WORD FAMILY
ascertain: ascertainable, ascertained, ascertaining, ascertains+/ascertainable: ascertainably, unascertainable
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was difficult to ascertain what online commentary was permitted.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We now ascertain that the observable universe exceeds 90 billion light-years across.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Writing for the majority, Justice Mary Fairhurst noted that “mental-health professionals face an incredibly difficult task in ascertaining whether a patient will act violently.”
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 弄清，确定，查明
时态：ascertained, ascertaining, ascertains
分布：确定(77%)，查明(19%)，探知(4%)
→as-同ad-. certain, 确定。
确定,发现[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
vt.确定,查明,弄清It is difficult to ascertain what happened here.这里发生的事情很难查明.
US [-ɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■to discover; to make certain 弄清，确定，查明
• The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. 警方到目前为止尚未查明爆炸原因。
• [+ that] I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news. 确信没有人能听到我们的谈话之后，我才把这个消息告诉了奥托。
• [+ question word] Have you ascertained wh ether she's coming or not? 你问清楚了吗，她来还是不来？
detect, discover, ascertain, find
这组词都有“发现”的意思，其区别是：
detect: 正式用词，强调经过周密观察或研究而有所获得和发现，尤指发现有意隐藏之物。
discover: 普通用词，指发现本来存在，但示被认识的事物、真理或情况。
ascertain: 较正式用词，指有意搜寻与发现。
find: 普通用词，可指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西。强调动作的结果。
vt. 确定；查明；探知
 - confirm, identify, assure oneself

Word: bestride
Front: bestride
[bɪˈstraɪd] (38796/-)
Back: vt. 骑; 高踞…之上，横跨
时态：bestrode, bestriding, bestrides
分布：跨坐(37%)，跨骑(27%)，控制(18%)，跨过(18%)
→前缀be-, 强调。stride, 跨。
[bɪ'straɪd] (bestrode, bestridden) formal
verb transitive
■to sit or stand with a leg on either side of an object or animal 跨骑着；横跨在…之上
• He bestrode the chair as though it were a horse. 他把椅子当马骑。

Word: beaver
Front: beaver
[ˈbi:və(r)] (托 11726/20433 -1)
Vocabulary: beaver
(once / 1751 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A beaver is a water- and land-dwelling animal with a very broad tail, short fur, and prominent front teeth. Beavers are famous for their ability to build dams across rivers and streams.
Beavers are actually rodents, so they are related to mice and rats, though they're much larger. Their long teeth make it possible for them to chew through even broad tree trunks, felling them across bodies of water to create dams. This provides the beavers with a safe home or lodge, protected by the ponds they've created and usually accessible only underwater. The word beaver has a Proto-Indo-European root that means "brown" or "bright."
WORD FAMILY
beaver: beavered, beavering, beavers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In St. Mary’s County, at least one badly behaved beaver is ready for holiday shopping.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
They later updated that the festive beaver was “safely rescued by animal control and was released to a wildlife rehabilitator.”
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
She even heard how workers dismantled beaver dams to increase water flow in west Georgia’s Tallapoosa River.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 河狸; 河狸毛皮; [印]海狸绒布; 工作勤恳的人
时态：beavered, beavering, beavers
分布：海狸(92%)，卖力地工作(4%)，护面甲(4%)
→来自PIE *bhebhrus, 词根重复构词，来自词根bher, 棕色的，见bear, 熊。
【记】海狸特别勤奋，所以eager beaver指做事特别卖力气的人（特别指做事过于卖力气以讨好上司的人）
US [-vɚ] noun countable (plural beavers or beaver)
■an animal with smooth fur, sharp teeth and a large flat tail, which lives in a dam (= a wall of sticks and earth) that it builds across a river 海狸，河狸
■informal
■a person who works very hard 工作勤恳的人
• a busy beaver 工作忙碌的人
⇒ See also eager beaver
UK ['bi:.vər] US [-vɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  beaver away informal
■to work hard for a long time 长时间努力工作
• She has been beavering away at that essay for hours. 她忙那篇论文已经忙了好几个小时了。
n. [脊椎] 海狸；海狸皮毛
 - castor

Word: booby
Front: booby
[ˈbu:bi] (20182/24962)
Back: n. 呆子，傻瓜; （俚）女人乳房
分布：傻瓜(45%)，饵雷(43%)，海鹅(12%)
→来自拉丁词bulbus, 结巴，拟声词，词源同barbarian. 鲣鸟义来自西班牙语，一种跑得很慢的鸟。
['bu:.bi/ (US also boob) old-fashioned
noun countable
■a stupid person 笨蛋，呆子，傻瓜
n. 呆子；傻瓜；塘鹅；（在比赛或游戏中）成绩最差的人
 - stupid, fool

Word: bouquet
Front: bouquet
[buˈkeɪ] (托雅宝 9088/11722 -1)
Vocabulary: bouquet
(once / 1090 pages)
1n 2n
A bouquet is an arrangement of flowers. A simple bouquet of flowers from your garden makes a lovely centerpiece for your table or a nice hostess gift when you are a guest.
The word bouquet comes from the Old French term meaning "clump of trees." Because it would be difficult for a bride to lug a clump of trees down the aisle at her wedding, thankfully the word now means "a small bunch of arranged flowers." Bouquet can also describe the scent of these flowers, or anything that is a blend of scents, like perfume or wine.
WORD FAMILY
bouquet: bouquets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 32-year-old poet is the author of three award–winning collections of poetry: “Logorrhea Dementia,” “Bouquet of Hungers” and “The Listening.”
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
As word of the crash spread Sunday, people placed bouquets of flowers outside the ensemble’s Moscow headquarters.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The color of 1960’s “Mailbox” also seemed appropriate for a “festive” bouquet, though red is not normally my first choice for garden or cut flowers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 花束; 酒香
分布：花束(84%)，酒香(15%)，称赞(1%)
→来自拉丁词boscus, 灌木，灌木花，同bush. -et, 小词后缀。
【记】banquet（n 宴会），宴会上缺que的三样东西：花束，酒香，恭维话。
UK [bəʊ-] US [boʊ-] noun
FLOWERS 花
countable
■a group of flowers that have been fastened together and attractively arranged so that they can be given as a present or carried on formal occasions 花束
• a bouquet of flowers 一束花
• Chris sent me a lovely bouquet when I was ill. 我生病时克里斯送了一束漂亮的花给我。
UK [bʊ'keɪ] UK [bəʊ-] US [boʊ-] noun
SMELL 气味
countable or uncountable
■specialized the characteristic smell of a wine or liqueur （酒散发的）香味，芬芳
• This wine has a rich, oaky bouquet. 这种葡萄酒有浓郁的橡木香气。
n. [细胞] [植] 花束；酒香
 - nosegay, posy

Word: bothersome
Front: bothersome
[ˈbɒðəsəm] (20572/37711)
Back: adj. <旧>引起麻烦的，困扰人的，令人讨厌的; 淘神; 伤脑筋
分布：麻烦的(71%)，令人讨厌的(29%)
US ['bɑ:.ðɚ-] old-fashioned
adjective
■annoying or causing trouble 麻烦的；讨厌的；令人烦恼的
• a bothersome little man 令人讨厌的小个子男人
• bothersome noise 讨厌的噪音
adj. 麻烦的；令人讨厌的
 - tight, terrible, troublesome

Word: breakout
Front: breakout
[ˈbreɪkaʊt] (15289/26859)
Back: n. 脱逃，越狱，突围
分布：爆发(58%)，突围(18%)，越狱(12%)，脱逃(8%)，发疹(4%)
noun countable
■a violent escape, especially by a group, from prison （尤指集体的）越狱
• There has been a mass breakout from one of Germany's top security jails. 德国一所戒备森严的监狱发生了集体越狱事件。
n. 爆发；突围；越狱；脱逃
 - explosion, burst, outbreak

Word: bovine
Front: bovine
[ˈbəʊvaɪn] (宝 19406/17109)
Vocabulary: bovine
(once / 9681 pages)
nadj
If something is bovine, it has to do with cows or cattle, or it reminds you of the slow and seemingly unintelligent ways of cows and cattle. Someone's glacial pace and dull comments might contribute to his thoroughly bovine impression.
The adjective bovine is used for anything that has to do with animals from the genus “Bos,” which classifies wild and domestic cattle. Mad Cow Disease is technically known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and it can be said to have bovine origins. What are known as cow pies are, in fact, bovine droppings. People can be described as bovine if they are intellectually dull, slow-moving, or somewhat cow-like in their appearance.
WORD FAMILY
bovine: bovinely, bovines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another beef cattle herd tested positive for bovine TB in April, also in Franklin County.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Similarly, the solution to the bovine tuberculosis epidemic in Britain is more about managing farmer behaviour than it is about applying well-tried epidemiological solutions.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Regulators are looking for ways to reduce so-called enteric emissions — methane produced by bovine digestive systems.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 牛的; 关于牛的; 迟钝的; 笨拙的
n. 牛，牛科动物
分布：迟钝的(62%)，牛科动物(38%)
→来自词根bov, 牛。词源同beef.
【记】1）bov＝cow（母牛）2）bo读：抱，vine葡萄酒。整天抱着葡萄酒－牛饮，喝多了就会迟钝。
US ['boʊ-] adjective specialized
■connected with cows 牛的，牛类动物的
• a bovine virus 牛痘病毒
⇒ See also BSE
■slow or stupid in a way that a cow is thought to be 迟钝的；蠢笨的
• He had a gentle, rather bovine expression. 他表情温和，更准确地讲是木讷。
adj. [脊椎] 牛的；似牛的；迟钝的
 - slow, oxy

Word: bund
Front: bund
[bʌnd] (32488/39231)
Back: n. 东亚各国的堤岸，码头，同盟
分布：外滩(93%)，同盟(4%)，堤岸(2%)，美国三十年代亲纳粹的德美协会(1%)
n. 堤岸；码头；同盟
 - landing, pier

Word: carefree
Front: carefree
[ˈkeəfri:] (14017/15140 -1)
Vocabulary: carefree
(once / 9866 pages)
adj
To be carefree is to be free of care! You have no troubles or worries. Being carefree is feeling happy and breezy, like the carefree days of summer before school starts.
To be carefree (one word) is to be happy and relaxed. People tend to be carefree when they're not working or thinking about work or school. Being carefree is the opposite of being stressed out. Carefree is not the same thing as careless — when you’re carefree, you haven't a care in the world and you might dance in a field of daisies. If you’re careless, you’re probably stomping on someone’s garden.
WORD FAMILY
carefree: carefreely, carefreeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His portraits of Mali’s youth – as they wished to be photographed – captured moments of carefree spontaneity as the country began to taste its independence.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
They were smiling and carefree with their perfect, blissful lives.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Joan Martin Rodby remembered the carefree walks to school, and her family building an air raid shelter in their yard.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 无忧无虑的，快乐舒畅的; 逍遥自在; 宽畅; 闲逸
分布：无忧无虑的(85%)，轻松愉快的(12%)，不在意的(3%)
【记】carefree是词组free from care的变体
US ['ker-] adjective
■having no problems or not being worried about anything 无忧无虑的；无牵挂的
• I remember my carefree student days. 我还记得我那无忧无虑的学生时代。
adj. 无忧无虑的；不负责的
 - worry-free, light-hearted

Word: churchgoer
Front: churchgoer
[ˈtʃɜ:tʃgəʊə(r)] (21629/33071)
Back: n. 经常去做礼拜的人
分布：经常去做礼拜的人(100%)
US ['tʃɝ:tʃˌgoʊ.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who goes regularly to church 定期去教堂做礼拜的人
• He's never been a regular churchgoer. 他从来都不定期去教堂做礼拜。

Word: cit
Front: cit
[sɪt] (-/29732)
Back: n. 市民，便服，老百姓服装
分布：便服(34%)，市民(33%)，老百姓服装(33%)
n. 市民；老百姓服装，便服
 - citizen, municipality

Word: chequebook
Front: chequebook
[ˈtʃekbʊk] (-/26952)
Back: n. 支票簿
分布：支票簿(100%)
['tʃek.bʊk] UK (US checkbook)
noun countable
■a book of cheques with your name printed on them which is given to you by your bank to make payments with 支票簿
chequebook journalism UK (US checkbook journalism) disapproving
■when a newspaper persuades someone involved in a news story to give their report of events by paying them a lot of money （指报社）重金收买新闻的行为；支票新闻（报社出钱向知情人购买新闻）

Word: burgess

Word: commodore
Front: commodore
[ˈkɒmədɔ:(r)] (30516/16452 -1)
Back: n. 海军准将; 〈英〉分舰队司令官; [水运] 船队队长; 游艇俱乐部会长
分布：海军准将(65%)，舰队司令官(15%)，快艇俱乐部主席(10%)，资深船长(10%)
→来自commander,将军。
US ['kɑ:.mə.dɔ:r] noun countable
■an officer of high rank in the navy, or the person in charge of a sailing organization 海军准将；船队队长

Word: confiscation
Front: confiscation
[ˌkɒnfɪs'keɪʃən] (21628/17017)
Back: n. 没收，充公，征用
分布：没收(74%)，充公(17%)，征收(9%)
n. 没收；征用；充公
 - seizure, forfeiture

Word: conciliation
Front: conciliation
[kən'sɪlɪ'eɪʃən] (22197/15003)
Vocabulary: conciliation
(once / 2820 pages)
n
When you calm someone down, soothing their anger or distrust, that's conciliation. Conciliation is an important part of making peace between two warring countries.
If you've had a misunderstanding with a friend that you're determined to put right, there's likely to be a tone of conciliation in your voice as you invite her to meet for lunch. You can also use conciliation to bring two other people or groups to an understanding, the way a mediator does when people get divorced, or a peacekeeper works with hostile countries. The Latin root, conciliationem, means "a connection, union, or bond," or literally, "a making friendly."
WORD FAMILY
conciliation: conciliations+/ conciliate: conciliable, conciliated, conciliates, conciliating, conciliation, conciliative, conciliator, conciliatory /conciliative: conciliatively/conciliator: conciliators/ conciliatory: conciliatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1973, Mr. Usery was named director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, effectively the government’s top labor mediator.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
A return to conciliation and comity seems a long way off.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
"We must unite: My candidacy is one of conciliation, of reconciliation," he said.
Reuters(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 调解; 安抚，说服; 迎合; 调和主义，调和主义者
分布：安抚(61%)，怀柔(26%)，抚慰(13%)
n. [法] 调解；安抚；说服
 - mediation, intermediation

Word: disqualification
Front: disqualification
[dɪsˌkwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (26956/15704)
Vocabulary: disqualification
(once / 9351 pages)
n
A situation or fact that means you're not allowed or able to participate in something is a disqualification. Being born in a non-US country is a disqualification for becoming President of the United States.
Not speaking French might be a disqualification for studying in France, and being over 18 is a disqualification for participating in Little League baseball. Another kind of disqualification is the action of preventing someone from doing something, often for a specific time period: "His disqualification from participating in bowling tournaments lasts until next year." Qualify, from the Latin qualis, "of what sort?" came to mean "be fit for a job." The prefix dis- means "not."
WORD FAMILY
disqualification: disqualifications+/disqualify: disqualification, disqualified, disqualifies, disqualifying/ qualification: qualifications/ qualified: qualifiedly, unqualified / qualifier: qualifiers/ qualify: disqualify, qualification, qualified, qualifier, qualifies, qualifying/qualifying: qualifyings/ unqualified: unqualifiedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Initially, there was a false start – it’s an instant disqualification, and my immediate reaction was “God, I hope that’s not Bolt”.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Fifth, the judge’s contacts with Stanford University are insufficient to require disclosure or disqualification.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Disqualification from driving is already used in England and Wales as a means of enforcement if a parent withholds child maintenance.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 剥夺资格，失格，不合格; 无资格
分布：不合格(72%)，剥夺资格(14%)，失格(14%)

Word: decimate
Front: decimate
[ˈdesɪmeɪt] (宝 13942/18601 -1)
Vocabulary: decimate
(once / 4903 pages)
v
If something is drastically reduced or killed, especially in number, you can say it was decimated. "The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico decimated the wildlife along the coast."
The verb decimate originally referred to a form of capital punishment for Roman troops. If there was a rebellion, one out of every ten men (thus the dec in decimate) was put to death. So the word's first expanded usage was to mean a ten percent reduction or a ten percent tax. Modern usage gives the word decimate its "drastically reduced" meaning, but the verb can also be used to mean "to wipe out" or "to eliminate."
WORD FAMILY
decimate: decimated, decimates, decimating, decimation+/decimation: decimations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Injuries decimated Tennessee at defensive tackle and forced the Vols to use several different starting combinations on the offensive line and in the secondary.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rats spread disease, decimate crops and very occasionally eat people alive.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
During the 19th century, warfare with whites and smallpox outbreaks decimate tribal numbers just as settlers start streaming into the West en masse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 十中抽一; 大批杀害
时态：decimated, decimating, decimates
分布：毁掉大部分(50%)，大量杀死(25%)，使骤减(25%)
→来自decim-, 十分之一。原为军事用语，一旦出现叛乱的城市或军队，则按照总数量十分之一的比例成批次杀死。类似于汉语的连坐。
大量毁灭(decim=deci[deci-表示"十分之一"]+ate→杀十分之一,大批杀死)
【源】最初指杀死每十人中的一人（根decim十），用于古罗马军队对叛军的一种惩罚。现在引申为大批杀死。
【记】dec12月，mate（v 动物交配）：自己想吧，12月多冷呀。
【参】decimal（adj 十进制的；小数的）
verb transitive usually passive
■to kill a large number of something, or to reduce something severely 毁灭，大量杀戮；大幅削减
• Populations of endangered animals have been decimated. 濒临动物的数量已经大幅减少。

Word: dap
Front: dap
[dæp] None
Back: vi. 将饵食轻放水面，轻点水面，跳出
n. 弹跳，乱跳
分布：弹跳(44%)，将饵食轻放水面(28%)，掠水而过(14%)，跳(14%)
adj. 衣冠楚楚的
 - dapper

Word: fatalism
Front: fatalism
[ˈfeɪtəlɪzəm] (托 21345/22416)
Vocabulary: fatalism
(once / 3497 pages)
n
People who exhibit fatalism appear powerless to shape their own future: they believe only in fate. I sense the fatalism in you, but you CAN change things!
You can see and hear the word "fate" in the word fatalism. It means "destiny" — the notion that all things are meant to be and that there is nothing you can do to change them. Someone "fatalistic" — who displays fatalism — sees life as a series of inevitable, predetermined events. Often, this term is used negatively to describe someone who refuses to try to shape their own lives or who gives up too easily. Fatalism may in fact be logical response to life, but that's no reason not to try to change things!
WORD FAMILY
fatalism: fatalisms, fatalist, fatalistic +/ fatal: fataler, fatalest, fatalism, fatality, fatally, nonfatal/ fatalist: fatalists/ fatalistic: fatalistically/ fatality: fatalities/nonfatal: nonfatally
USAGE EXAMPLES
If not, then what path is there but nihilism, fatalism, and resignation?
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Seeing life and death as a lottery exacerbates the culture of fatalism, which is already deeply rooted in too many Islamic countries.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Rather than assert his innocence or talk about justice, he offers a zigzagging meditation on the nature of fatalism.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 宿命论; 天数
分布：宿命论(100%)
→来自fate, 命运。
宿命论(fatal致命的)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [-tˌəl-] noun uncountable
■the belief that people cannot change the way events will happen and that events, especially bad ones, cannot be avoided 宿命论
n. 宿命论
 - necessitarianism, predestinarianism

Word: eloquence
Front: eloquence
['eləkwəns] (六托宝 16655/18873)
Vocabulary: eloquence
(once / 404 pages)
n
Eloquence is powerful, moving, magnificent use of language. Simply put, if you have eloquence, then you're one smooth talker.
The noun eloquence has roots in the Latin word eloqui, meaning to "speak out". But we're not talking about just any regular speech here. Eloquence is marked by fluency, persuasiveness and the power to stir emotions. The eloquence of your dog trainer’s empowering speech about the need for complementary manicures and pedicures for pets might bring you to tears, for example.
WORD FAMILY
eloquence: eloquences+/elocute: elocutes, elocuting, elocution, eloquent / elocution: elocutionary, elocutionist/elocutionist: elocutionists/ eloquent: eloquence, eloquenter, eloquentest, eloquently/eloquently: ineloquently
USAGE EXAMPLES
He speaks with his father’s baritone voice and his mother’s thoughtful eloquence.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
‘Dream’ has all the same qualities of those pieces: the eloquence, the excitement, the nobility.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Most important, Chabon relates — with inexhaustible eloquence and an infectious sense of wonder — one hell of a good story.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 口才，辩才; 雄辩; 雄辩术; 修辞法
分布：口才(59%)，雄辩(41%)
雄辩,口才(e出+loqu+ence)[loqu,locu=speak,表示"说话"]
ADJ-GRADED
（言辞、文字等）表达生动的，有说服力的
Speech or writing that is eloquent is well expressed and effective in persuading people.
例：I heard him make a very eloquent speech at that dinner.在那次晚宴上，我听到他作了一番非常有说服力的陈词。
ADJ-GRADED
雄辩的;口才流利的;能言善辩的
A person who is eloquent is good at speaking and able to persuade people.
例：He was eloquent about his love of books.他说起自己对书的喜爱来就会停不住嘴。
例：...one particularly eloquent German critic.非常能言善辩的德国评论家
n. 口才；雄辩；雄辩术；修辞
 - speechcraft, silver tongue

Word: explanatory
Front: explanatory
[ɪkˈsplænətri] (12564/8103 -1)
Vocabulary: explanatory
(once / 2209 pages)
adj
Use the adjective explanatory when you're talking about a clarification or an explanation. An abstract artwork in a gallery that consists of an old sneaker might require an explanatory note, for example.
The Latin word explanare is at the root of explanatory, and its literal meaning is "to make level or to flatten." When you give an explanatory answer or make an explanatory speech, you are laying it all out — providing all the details your listener needs to understand. Anything that makes something more clear can be described as explanatory, like a footnote in a term paper or your apologetic list of reasons for being late to your best friend's party.
WORD FAMILY
explanatory: explanatorily, self-explanatory+/ explain: explainable, explained, explaining, explains, explanation, explanatory, re-explain/explainable: explainably, unexplainable /explained: unexplained/ explanation: explanations/ unexplainable: unexplainably/unexplained: unexplainedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For music and sports, the explanatory power accounted for about a fifth.
The New Yorker(Sep 28, 2016)
They’re opinionated without being arrogant, sharp without being mean, explanatory without being stale, novel without being brash, worthy of attention without being attention-needy.
Washington Post(Nov 24, 2016)
His magic needs no windy explanatory exposition, which is why it’s easy to love him best.
Time(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 解释的; 说明的; 解释性
分布：说明的(50%)，解释的(50%)
解释的(explain解释)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
US [-tɔ:r.i] adjective
■giving an explanation about something 解释的；说明的
• There are explanatory notes with the diagram. 图表附带注释。
⇒ See also self-explanatory
adj. 解释的；说明的
 - expositive, elucidative

Word: feedstock
Front: feedstock
['fi:dstɒk] (17024/29460)
Back: n. 给料（指供送入机器或加工厂的原料）; 进料
分布：原料(100%)
n. 原料；给料（指供送入机器或加工厂的原料）
 - material, ingredient

Word: freshman
Front: freshman
[ˈfreʃmən] (3699/26553 -1)
Vocabulary: freshman
(once / 782 pages)
nadj
A freshman is a student in her first year of high school or college. Being a college freshman can be a little overwhelming — it's a huge change in most people's lives.
Sometimes a freshman is called a "first-year student," a term that isn't so gender-specific. However, you can also use the word freshman for a a boy or a girl. Sometimes, rather than school, a freshman is new at something else: in the US Senate, first-timers are frequently called "freshman senators." The word combines the "inexperienced" sense of fresh with man, or "person."
WORD FAMILY
freshman: freshmen
USAGE EXAMPLES
He recorded five receiving touchdowns as a true freshman.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Freshman Jack Jones played at cornerback in his absence, and Burnett returned punts.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then to his freshman wunderkind, “Cooper, are you ready to play now?”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （中学或大学的）一年级学生; 新手
分布：新手(54%)，大学一年级学生(46%)
→比喻用法。比较sophomore, junior, senior.
['freʃ.mən] US
noun countable (informal frosh)
■a student in the first year of high school , college, or university （中学或大学的）一年级新生
• He's a freshman at Harvard. 他是哈佛大学的一年级新生。
• Greg and Jody met in their freshman year at college and married soon after they graduated. 葛列格和乔迪在大学一年级时相识，毕业后不久就结婚了。
■someone who has recently started any particular job or activity 新手
• a freshman in Congress 国会新议员
• a freshman football player 足球新手
n. 新手，生手；大学一年级学生
 - rookie, tyro

Word: geographer
Front: geographer
[dʒiˈɒgrəfə(r)] (12741/13309)
Back: n. 地理学家
分布：地理学者(100%)
US [dʒi'ɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
■a person who studies geography 地理学家

Word: gladly
Front: gladly
[ˈglædli] (10981/11148)
Back: adv. 高兴地，乐意地，欣然
分布：高兴地(50%)，乐意地(50%)
adverb
■ willingly or happily 乐意地，情愿地；高兴地，欣然
• I'd gladly meet her, but I'm on holiday that week. 我很乐意见她，但是那星期我正好休假。
adv. 乐意地；高兴地；欢喜地
 - readily, lieve

Word: hurrah
Front: hurrah
[həˈrɑ:] (六 27116/39849)
Back: int. 好哇; 万岁
n. 欢呼声; 激动; 纷争
vt. 欢呼; 为…喝采
vi. 欢呼; 叫好
时态：hurrahed, hurrahing, hurrahs
分布：欢呼(44%)，欢呼声(24%)，万岁(14%)，呼万岁(6%)，以欢呼迎接(4%)，欢乐(4%)，骚动(4%)
n. 欢呼声；激动；混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, warmth, involvement
vi. 欢呼；叫好
 - cheer
vt. 欢呼；为…喝采
 - cheer
int. 万岁；好哇（等于hurray）
 - rah, huzza

Word: incubate
Front: incubate
[ˈɪŋkjubeɪt] (托宝 18723/10932 -1)
Vocabulary: incubate
(once / 2953 pages)
v
When a chicken sits on an egg, it incubates it. To incubate means to keep something safe and warm so that it can grow.
The word can be used metaphorically to mean to keep something safe in order for it to have time to grow. You incubate a plan or an idea before bringing it into the world, or, metaphorically speaking, hatching it. Premature or particularly small babies are placed into an incubator when they are born. This warm, clean environment helps them to grow.
WORD FAMILY
incubate: incubated, incubates, incubating, incubation, incubator +/incubation: incubations/ incubator: incubators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What would be really interesting now is to see if small theropod dinosaurs like Velociraptor also incubated slowly,” Brusatte says.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
“We incubated the unit separately because it would otherwise have been killed by the main organisation,” explains Bill Ruh, who heads GE Digital.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
It incubates more startups than anywhere else in the world.
Salon(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 孵化; 培育
vt. & vi. 孵（卵）; <医>潜伏; 逐渐形成; 潜伏在体内
时态：incubated, incubating, incubates
分布：孵(87%)，逐渐发展(13%)
→in-,进入，使，在上面，-cub,躺，词源同cubicle,succumb.即躺在上面，引申词义孵化，培养。
孵卵,伏巢(in进入+cud+ate→躺在里面→孵卵)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
verb intransitive or transitive
EGG 蛋
■When a bird, etc. incubates its eggs, it keeps them warm until the young come out, and when eggs incubate, they develop to the stage at which the young come out 孵（卵），孵化
• The female bird incubates the eggs for about sixteen days while the male brings food. 雌鸟孵卵16天左右，期间雄鸟负责觅食。
['ɪŋ.kjʊ.beɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
DISEASE 疾病
■When harmful bacteria or viruses incubate, they grow and reproduce in a human or an animal but do not yet produce the effects of disease, and when the body of a person or animal incubates bacteria or viruses, it has them growing and reproducing inside, but does not yet show the effects of disease. （细菌或病毒在体内）潜伏
vt. 孵化；培养；温育；逐渐发展
 - cultivate, rear, plant, foster, nurse
vi. 孵化；酝酿
 - hatch

Word: hogan
Front: hogan
['həʊgən] (20780/16924)
Back: n. 泥盖木屋
分布：泥盖木屋(100%)

Word: hoot
Front: hoot
[hu:t] (15192/19268 -1)
Vocabulary: hoot
(once / 1457 pages)
1nv 2n
A hoot is the musical call an owl makes. The hoot of an owl sounds very much like the word hoot.
An owl's hoot is the inspiration for a similar sound that people make to show disapproval or scorn: "The sound of the crowd's hoots filled the stadium when the soccer player kicked the ball into his own team's goal." To make this sound, whether you're a person or an owl, is to hoot, and if you don't give a hoot, it means you really don't care at all.
WORD FAMILY
hoot: hooted, hooter, hooting, hoots+/hooter: hooters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Strick enters the Scottish, they stay in a castle, and there's a cook and all this stuff, and they're hooting and hollering.
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
So it’s puzzling that our closest primate cousins are limited to hoots, coos, and grunts.
Science Magazine(Dec 09, 2016)
FRI Listen and hoot for owls, learn about nature at night, see the moon and stars if the clouds break, 7 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 猫头鹰叫声; 汽笛响声; 汽车喇叭声; 嘲骂声
vt. & vi. 轰赶; 呵斥; 作猫头鹰叫声; 汽笛等嘟嘟
时态：hooted, hooting, hoots
分布：猫头鹰叫声(39%)，大声叫嚣(21%)，哄赶(10%)，好笑的人或事(10%)，一点点(10%)，鸣笛声(10%)
→拟声词，模仿猫头鹰叫声，后也用于指喇叭叫。比较honk.
noun countable
■a short loud high sound 短促响亮的声音
• She gave three short hoots on the car horn. 她短促地按了三声汽车喇叭。
• He gave a hoot of laughter/derision. 他一阵大笑／大声嘲笑。
■the sound an owl makes 猫头鹰的叫声
[hu:t] noun countable
be a hoot informal
■to be very funny 非常有趣
• He's an absolute hoot. 他是个极其有趣的人。
[hu:t] noun countable
not care/give two hoots (also not care/give a hoot) informal
■to not care about something or someone 毫不在乎
• I don't give two hoots what she thinks. 我不在乎她怎么想。
[hu:t] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to make a short loud high sound 发出短促响亮的声音
• She hooted her horn at the dog in the road. 她向路中间的那只狗大声按喇叭。
• He hooted with laughter. 他哈哈大笑。
intransitive
■to make the sound that an owl makes 发出猫头鹰般的叫声
n. 鸣响；嘲骂声；汽笛响声
 - tingle
vi. 鸣响；大声叫嚣
 - chime

Word: kilter
Front: kilter
[ˈkɪltə(r)] (27865/36417)
Vocabulary: kilter
(once / 40202 pages)
n
The noun kilter means "balance," or "a state of working well," but you'll only find it in the phrase "out of kilter," meaning "not working right."
When things are off balance or out of whack, they're out of kilter, or off-kilter. If your bike keeps pulling to one side, or your toaster is only toasting one side of the bread you insert, they're both out of kilter. If you're studying hard and forgetting to eat well and exercise, you might also feel out of kilter. The word comes from the now-obsolete kelter, although the origin of this word is unknown.
WORD FAMILY
kilter
USAGE EXAMPLES
More probably it is because China has curbed coal output, and the Philippines has throttled nickel exports, throwing the markets out of kilter.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
At one point in the second quarter, the Bears pulled within one, and the Huskies seemed a bit off kilter.
Seattle Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Adversaries have looked on with glee, surprised at how easily the country that casts itself as the greatest can be knocked off kilter.
Washington Post(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. <主美>良好状态，顺利，平衡
分布：良好状态(54%)，顺利(46%)
→来自英语方言kelter,秩序，常见于短语out of kilter,混乱，不一致。
US [-tˌɚ] informal
noun
out of kilter
■in a state of not working well 在不正常的状态下；失常，失调
• Missing more than one night's sleep can throw your body out of kilter. 超过一晚不睡觉会使你的身体失调。
n. 平衡；顺利；良好状态
 - balance, all right

Word: jena

Word: jut
Front: jut
[dʒʌt] (11174/14886 -1)
Vocabulary: jut
(once / 2033 pages)
vn
When something juts, it extends outward. Your nose juts out from your face, just as your ears jut from your head. If you’re feeling determined, you might jut out your chin.
The word jut applies to anything sticking out. Anything that goes beyond the main line of something juts out, like a rock on a coastline or a bump on a log. If you walk into a room with your chin jutting out, people better watch out because you mean business.
WORD FAMILY
jut: juts, jutted, jutting+/jutting: juttings
USAGE EXAMPLES
With his jutting jaw, wavy hair, commanding size and operatic baritone voice, Mr. Irving was a formidable stage presence.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most of its 4,000 homes are small by suburban standards, jutting up against narrow streets.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
She found herself in Dayan’s company more often than not, and within months, she says, “things jut happened.”
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 突出，伸出
vt. 使伸出，使突出
n. 突出，突出物
时态：jutted, jutting, juts
分布：突出(47%)，伸出(29%)，凸出(16%)，突出部分(8%)
→来自jet拼写讹误，来自拉丁语iacere,投，扔，词源同jetty,project,projectile.即向前扔出去，引申词义突出，伸出。
[dʒʌt] (-tt-)
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) stick out, especially above or past the edge or surface of something （使）突出；（使）伸出
• The pier juts (out) into the sea. 码头伸向大海。
• He jutted his chin/jaw (out) defiantly. 他不服气地扬起下巴。
vi. 突出；伸出
 - stand out, excel at
n. 突出部分；尖端
 - point, tip, apex

Word: irascible
Front: irascible
[ɪˈræsəbl] (宝 24370/24300)
Vocabulary: irascible
(once / 4097 pages)
adj
If you're irascible, you get angry easily — perhaps blowing up in rage when someone brushes into you.
Irascible comes from the Latin root ira, which means "anger" or "rage," the same root that gives us the word ire, "anger." The -sc in the middle of irascible, means "becoming," so irascible doesn't just mean you're angry — it's got action built into it. If you're looking for a fight most of the time, then you're irascible — ready for the spark that's going to set you on fire.
WORD FAMILY
irascible: irascibility, irascibly+/irascibility: irascibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here, four people who crossed paths with this famously irascible writer recall him as a friend, a mentor and an inspiration.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
I would imagine Beau is a hoot to play because he’s so irascible and set in his ways.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
He was idealistic but also impulsive and quick to take offense, qualities he shares with the irascible unnamed narrator of Notes From the Underground.
Slate(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 易怒的; 性情暴躁的; 虚火上升
分布：易怒的(57%)，暴躁的(43%)
→来自ire,愤怒，激怒，-asci,起始格后缀，词源同adolescent,florescent,-ible,形容词后缀。即易激怒的，暴躁的。
易发怒的(irasc愤怒+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【记】i坏，rasc摩擦，ible－一摩擦就坏－易发怒的源于irritable＝irascible
【反】affable（adj 和蔼可亲的）
formal
adjective
■made angry easily 易怒的，性情暴躁的
• She's becoming more and more irascible as she grows older. 随着年龄的增长，她的性情变得越来越暴躁。
adj. 易怒的
 - passionate, fractious

Word: machiavellian

Word: manhunt
Front: manhunt
[ˈmænhʌnt] (18133/35430)
Vocabulary: manhunt
(once / 28344 pages)
n
When police assemble a team to search for a criminal, it's called a manhunt, even if the person they're looking for is a woman.
After an armed bank robbery or a prison escape is reported, the local police department sometimes launches a manhunt to search for the perpetrator. The crime that's been committed has to be fairly serious to result in a manhunt, because it requires extra officers. In some cases, the FBI might even get involved in a manhunt.
WORD FAMILY
manhunt: manhunts
USAGE EXAMPLES
State police shot and killed the suspect in Weaver’s death after an overnight manhunt.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The manhunt continues for a gunman who killed 39 people in an Istanbul nightclub as Turkey marked the start of the new year.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
An overnight manhunt for the suspect ended Saturday morning when police found Robison at an unoccupied mobile home in the area.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （对逃犯等的）搜捕，追捕
分布：搜捕(100%)
noun countable
■an organized search for a person, especially a criminal （尤指对罪犯的）搜捕，追捕
• The police have launched a manhunt after the body of a six-year-old boy was found last night. 昨晚发现一具六岁男孩的尸体后，警方已展开搜捕行动。
n. 追捕，搜捕；搜索
 - scanning, searching

Word: latrine
Front: latrine
[ləˈtri:n] (19534/25439)
Back: n. （尤指营地）公共厕所
分布：公共厕所(100%)
→来自leu,冲洗，词源同lava,lavatory,-trine,地名后缀。用于指简易的洗手间，茅厕。
noun countable
■a toilet, especially a simple one such as a hole in the ground, used in a military area or when camping （尤指军营或宿营地的）简易厕所，茅坑
n. 公共厕所
 - sanitary, public convenience

Word: mascot
Front: mascot
[ˈmæskət] (14048/20011 -1)
Vocabulary: mascot
(once / 6379 pages)
n
A mascot is an animal or character that represents a group. If your high school soccer team is called "the weasels," it means that a weasel must be your school's mascot.
Some mascots supposedly bring luck to an organization or club, and others are used as marketing for a team or brand. Smokey the Bear is the mascot of the U.S. Forest Service and stars in commercials urging the public to help prevent forest fires. Tony the Tiger is also a mascot of sorts, for Frosted Flakes cereal. Sports team mascots actually appear at games and matches, dancing around between innings and high-fiving little kids in the stands.
WORD FAMILY
mascot: mascots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Waterfront dining may one day be as common as steakhouses, those hidebound concepts that outsiders consider the mascots of D.C. dining.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Perhaps the best illustration of this tension is Pepe the Frog, the anti-Semitic cartoon mascot of “hipster Nazi” white nationalism.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
According to several national newspapers, he then suggested there might be consequences for the mascot.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 吉祥物; 福神
分布：吉祥物(98%)，幸运儿(2%)
→来自法语mascotte,巫师的符咒，护身符，来自普罗旺斯方言masco,巫师，来自拉丁语masca,面具，鬼怪，幽灵，词源同mask.后引申词义吉祥物，来自1880年法国剧作家Edmond Audran的轻歌剧”La Mascotte”,讲述了一个给人们带来好运的小精灵Mascotte的故事。
US [-kɑ:t] noun countable
■a person, animal or object which is believed to bring good luck, or which represents an organization 吉祥物
• a team mascot 球队的吉祥物
• The Olympic Games always has an official mascot. 每届奥运会总会有一个官方吉祥物。
n. 吉祥物；福神（等于mascotte）
 - Billiken

Word: neighbourly
Front: neighbourly
[ˈneɪbəli] (-/32646)
Back: adj. 友善的，（尤指）睦邻友好的
分布：睦邻友好的(100%)
US [-bɚ.li] adjective
■friendly or helpful 友善的；助人为乐的
• It was very neighbourly of you to do her shopping for her. 你帮她到商店买东西，真是好心。
adj. 像邻居的；亲切的；睦邻的
 - friendly, sweet, benign

Word: mechanise
Front: mechanise
['mekənaɪz] None
Back: vt. & vi. 使（过程、工厂等）机械化
分布：机械化(100%)

Word: movable
Front: movable
[ˈmu:vəbl] (16818/18793)
Back: adj. 活动的，可移动的; 动产的
n. 动产; 可移动的东西; 动产[通常用复数] [亦作moveable
分布：动产(66%)，动产的(13%)，可动的(12%)，家具(6%)，不定的(3%)
→来自move,移动。引申词义动产。
(also moveable) ['mu:.və.bl] adjective
■able to be moved 可移动的，活动的
• a chair with movable armrests 带有活动扶手的椅子
moving, movable, mobile
moving: （正在）移动的；动人的；
movable: 可（被）移动的，能移动的
mobile: （自由）移动、变动（位置或地点）的；
adj. 动产的；可移动的；不固定的
 - fluid, removable
n. 动产；可移动的东西
 - goods, personalty

Word: misty
Front: misty
[ˈmɪsti] (11095/11910 -1)
Vocabulary: misty
(once / 921 pages)
adj
When it's misty out, there's a heavy fog. The air is thick with moisture, and there's just barely a light rain.
When the air is foggy or hazy, you've got a misty situation. It isn't easy to see through misty weather, which happens most often in the morning because of moisture in the air. Your eyes can get misty too, when you're about to cry because you're sad or just have allergies. In fact, people who are embarrassed about crying will often joke, "It's getting misty in here."
WORD FAMILY
misty: mistier, mistiest, mistily, mistiness+/ mist: misted, misting, mists, misty /mistiness: mistinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the finished film — lent a brooding quality by its stark landscapes; misty, desaturated palette; and figures often seen in silhouette — his influence is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But at least we owe the band for the far more interesting Father John Misty, its former drummer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
If the day is hazy, McKim finds every misty color at play in both his foregrounds and vanishing points.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 多雾的，被雾笼罩的; 模糊的; （眼睛）泪汪汪的; 无知识的
级别：mistier, mistiest
分布：模糊的(42%)，有雾的(40%)，朦胧的(18%)
→来自mist,薄雾。
adjective
WEATHER 天气
 ADVANCED
■In misty weather, there is mist in the air which makes it difficult to see into the distance 雾的；有雾的；多雾的
• The morning will start off misty. 早上开始时会有雾。
['mɪs.ti] adjective
GLASS 玻璃
■describes glass or a similar surface that is covered with a mist which makes it difficult to see through 雾气覆盖的；蒙有水汽的
• The windscreen is all misty. 挡风玻璃上水汽迷蒙。
adj. 模糊的；有雾的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague

Word: obscenity
Front: obscenity
[əbˈsenəti] (11789/12535 -1)
Vocabulary: obscenity
(once / 4676 pages)
n
An obscenity is a dirty word or phrase. It can also refer to the quality of being lewd, bawdy, or just plain offensive.
You know those four-letter words that everyone knows but not everyone likes to hear? The ones that will get you in trouble if you say them in school or on television? They are obscenities, which are also known as swear words. You can also say that anything offensive or inappropriate is an obscenity. This can include things that are not only dirty, but things that are offensive in other ways. Many say torture and war are obscenities.
WORD FAMILY
obscenity: obscenities+/ obscene: obscenely, obscener, obscenest, obscenity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s got some extreme far-right views on everything from fiscal spending to obscenity,” she added.
Salon(Nov 24, 2016)
Its dialogue is a gushing sewer of obscenity.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Its producers and cast were jailed on obscenity charges.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 淫秽; 猥亵; 下流; 淫秽的词语或行为
分布：猥亵下流(100%)
→来自obscene,淫秽的，下流的。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
countable or uncountable
■when someone or something is obscene 淫秽；猥亵；下流
• The people who made that film could be prosecuted for obscenity. 拍摄那部电影的人会因其中的淫秽镜头而被起诉。
• Such deliberate destruction of the environment is an obscenity (= an offensive and shocking situation or event). 这种蓄意破坏环境的行为令人发指。
• obscenity laws 反淫秽法
countable usually plural
■a very offensive or sexually shocking word or sentence 下流话；淫秽的言辞
• He was shouting and screaming obscenities. 他叫骂着不堪入耳的下流话。
n. 猥亵，淫秽；猥亵的言语（或行为）
 - smuttiness, indecency

Word: noir

Word: nettle
Front: nettle
[ˈnetl] (托宝 17834/11428 -1)
Vocabulary: nettle
(once / 1725 pages)
nv
If you know what a nettle is—that is, a barbed seed that gets stuck in your clothes and hair—then you'll have no trouble remembering the verb nettle: it means to annoy, bother, irritate, or bedevil.
A kid sister, a mosquito, an angry boyfriend, or a hot, muggy day: all of these are examples of things that might nettle a person. When you nettle someone, you act like a nettle; you annoy, bother, and generally tick off a person. The person who nettles you can be called nettlesome, which means that they're acting like a nettle. I find that the very sound of his voice nettles me. The sound alone makes me wish he would just shut up.
WORD FAMILY
nettle: nettled, nettles, nettlesome, nettling+/nettlesome: nettlesomely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nettles said that because local prosecutors were already seeking the death penalty for Roof, it was unnecessary for the federal government to do the same.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Jennifer Nettles hosts this holiday music special for a seventh year.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Mr. Nettles otherwise declined to discuss the case.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 荨麻; 〈比喻〉使人烦恼的事
v. 拿荨麻打，拿荨麻刺; 激怒，惹恼
时态：nettled, nettling, nettles
分布：荨麻(80%)，激怒(16%)，以荨麻刺(4%)
→来自net,网。即织网的材料，用于指荨麻。
【记】net网，tle读：头－头被网住了－激怒
【反】conciliate（v 安慰）；mollify（v 平息）
US ['netˌ-] noun countable
■a wild plant with heart-shaped leaves that are covered in hairs which sting 荨麻
• stinging nettles 刺人的荨麻
• nettle soup/tea 荨麻汤／茶
UK ['net.l] US ['netˌ-] verb transitive often passive mainly UK
■to make someone annoyed or slightly angry 激怒，惹恼
• She looked up at me sharply, clearly nettled by the interruption. 她抬起头狠狠地瞪着我，显然是被我插话打断她的举动激怒了。
vt. 剌激；惹恼；用荨麻刺
 - brown off
n. [皮肤] [植] 荨麻
 - smartweed

Word: nocturnal
Front: nocturnal
[nɒkˈtɜ:nl] (托宝 13312/14227 -1)
Vocabulary: nocturnal
(once / 1920 pages)
adj
If something is nocturnal, it belongs to or is active at night. That includes vampires, owls that like to hunt by moonlight, and that roommate who stays up playing video games until the wee hours of the morning.
The adjective nocturnal comes from the Late Latin nocturnalis, which means “belonging to the night." You've probably heard of nocturnal animals, like bats and fireflies, who sleep during the day and come out to play when the sun goes down. The opposite of nocturnal is diurnal, meaning active during the daytime — but you probably won't be using that word much unless you're a zoologist.
WORD FAMILY
nocturnal: nocturnally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also there: “Rogue One 3D,” “Collateral Beauty,” “Nocturnal Animals,” “Arrival” and “Moonlight.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Michael Shannon in “Nocturnal Animals” is a noir-ish detective investigating a violent incident in a story within the story.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Being nocturnal isn’t a requirement for physics writing, but it helps.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 夜的，夜间的; （动物）夜间活动的; （植物）夜间开花的; [乐]夜曲的
分布：在夜间的(100%)
→来自拉丁语nocturnus,夜间的，词源同night,-urn,形容词后缀。
夜间(活动)的(noct+urnal表形容词,如：diurnal白天的)[noct=night,表示"夜晚"]
【记】noct夜，urnal一夜间的；参：diurnal（adj 白天的）
【反】diurnal（adj 白天的）；happen during daytime（白天发生的）
US [nɑ:k'tɝ:-] formal
adjective
■happening in or active during the night, or relating to the night 夜间发生的；夜间活动的；夜间的
• nocturnal wanderings 夜游
• nocturnal light 夜光
• Most bats are nocturnal. 大部分蝙蝠在夜间活动。
Compare diurnal

Word: perpetuity
Front: perpetuity
[ˌpɜ:pəˈtju:əti] (21276/19905)
Vocabulary: perpetuity
(once / 4656 pages)
n
The word perpetuity means the property of being perpetual, or lasting forever. The perpetuity of an eternal flame means that it will burn forever, while an ordinary candle flame will eventually extinguish.
First appearing in the 15th century, the noun perpetuity derives from the Latin word perpetuus meaning "continuing throughout." It can mean the quality of being perpetual, continuing forever, or everlasting. If a person sent into exile from their native country is never allowed to return, they have been banished "in perpetuity."
WORD FAMILY
perpetuity: perpetuities+/ perpetual: perpetually, perpetuity
USAGE EXAMPLES
When he died in 1928, he left a large piece of his land to be used by the Abayudaya in perpetuity.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
If such links existed, DuPont would pay for medical monitoring of the affected group in perpetuity.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
While many of his constituents have signed the pro-garden petition, he worries that the perpetual obligation could burden city workers and finances into, er, perpetuity.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 永久，永恒，永远
分布：永久(66%)，永恒(34%)
US [ˌpɝ:.pə'tu:.ə.tˌi] formal
noun
in perpetuity
■for ever 永久，永恒
n. 永恒
 - everlast, Eternal Varanasl

Word: photogenic
Front: photogenic
[ˌfəʊtəʊˈdʒenɪk] (22140/32718)
Vocabulary: photogenic
(once / 31858 pages)
adj
The word photogenic describes looking attractive in photographs. If you are photogenic there are few, if any, terrible pictures of you out there.
The word photogenic originally meant "produced or caused by light," and was first used to mean "photographing well" in 1928. Today, it also describes looking good on video or film. Most Hollywood stars are photogenic, but then, they have armies of wardrobe, hair, and makeup pros, not to mention digital "correction" artists who erase every shadow and blemish.
WORD FAMILY
photogenic: photogenically
USAGE EXAMPLES
That dovetails with the company’s efforts to hitch the cola to a foodie culture that prizes photogenic qualities.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
This plate was more than just photogenic, though.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
But behind the photogenic image, there was deadly serious intent.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 易上镜头的
分布：上相的(55%)，适于拍照的(27%)，光所致的(18%)
→phot-,光，-gen,产生，词源同generate.字面意思即由光产生的，为photography的早期术语，原称为photogenic drawing.后20世纪初照相流行起来后，该词被赋予新义上相的，上镜的。
US [ˌfoʊ.tˌoʊ-] adjective
■having a face that looks attractive in photographs 上镜的，上相的

Word: peruse
Front: peruse
[pəˈru:z] (宝 14432/19426)
Vocabulary: peruse
(once / 749 pages)
v
Traditionally, peruse has meant to read or examine something carefully. But informally, it can have the opposite meaning, to read something casually and quickly.
To understand the two meanings, think about the way people like to talk about doing things thoroughly, even when they aren't. If you are visiting a library or a bookstore, you might find yourself perusing the shelves. Synonyms are browse and skim. Peruse is from Middle English perusen "to use up," from the Latin prefix per- "thoroughly" plus Middle English usen "to use."
WORD FAMILY
peruse: perusal, perused, peruses, perusing+/ perusal: perusals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maxx store near her job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she likes to begin perusing a clearance aisle in the back.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
For a look at all the 2016 Reader’s Lens winners, peruse the gallery below.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
For a look at all the weekly winners from 2016, peruse the gallery below.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 研读; （尤指）细阅
时态：perused, perusing, peruses
分布：阅读(70%)，精读(20%)，攻读(10%)
→per-,完全的，use,使用。比喻用法。
【记】per全部，use用－用全部字典读书－细读
【参】scrutiny（n 详细审查；细读）
【反】glance at一瞥
[pə'ru:z] formal
verb transitive
■to read through something, especially in order to find the part you are interested in 随便翻阅；浏览
• He opened a newspaper and began to peruse the personal ads. 他翻开一份报纸，开始浏览征婚启事。
vt. 详细考察；精读
 - con

Word: phosphorus
Front: phosphorus
[ˈfɒsfərəs] (14278/16653 -1)
Back: n. [化]磷; 磷光体
分布：磷(100%)
→来自拉丁语phosphorus,启明星，来自希腊语Phosphoros,启明星，来自phos,光，phoros,携带者，词源同bring.后用作化学物质磷。
US ['fɑ:s.fɚ.əs] noun uncountable
■a poisonous yellowish white or (less often) red or black element that shines in the dark and burns when in the air 磷

Word: petal
Front: petal
[ˈpetl] (托雅宝 8803/8939 -1)
Vocabulary: petal
(once / 1051 pages)
n
A petal is a part of a flower. Most flowers have a ring of brightly colored petals surrounding the center part of the blossom.
Petal comes from the Greek word petalon, meaning "leaf, thin plate." A petal is the lovely colorful leaf-like ring around the center of the flower, a thin plate for a fairy. The petals make up a flower’s corolla, surrounding the center. You can rip them off one by one as you say, “She loves me, she loves me not” until the last petal is picked. She loves me!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peddle / pedal / petal
Sometimes the only way to choose your words with homophones is to memorize their spellings and meanings. Pedal/peddle/petal is one such set of homophones.
A pedal is a lever controlled with the foot, such as found on a piano or a bicycle. To pedal is to use such a lever to control something. It descends from the Late Latin pedale, for a thing of the foot, which descends ultimately from the Latin pēs, for foot.
The city is expected to finalize this week a five-year contract to bring pedal boats back to Wesley Lake this summer.
Bicycle riders will be pedaling over hills and through pastures Saturday near Stonewall.
To peddle can mean to travel around selling items (think door-to-door salesmen). It can also mean to sell illicit drugs or, informally, to give out or spread, as with information or lies.
A former Alaska lawmaker has pleaded guilty to a state count of letting unregistered lobbyists peddle their ideas to him.
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) has warned the public against taking black pills peddled in unlabelled bottles.
Finally, a petal is a flower's brightly colored leaf that joins with other petals to form the flower's corolla.
You will start with a great big rose complete with curly petals and shiny leaves painted from reference.
Spread generously or pipe over the cooled cupcakes and top each with a rose petal.
Remember that pedal is related to foot through the Latin pēs and that someone who peddles goods goes from door to door. If you don't want either of those, then you can choose the flower's petal.
WORD FAMILY
petal: petal-like, petalless, petallike, petaloid, petalous, petals
USAGE EXAMPLES
For flowers, most of her work is prepping the petals for the flowers.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Add potatoes, ground rose petals, lentils and cilantro, and cook until heated through.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
In “Iris Landscape,” the petals are so drastically foregrounded that they assume the weight of geographical features in their forested surroundings.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 花瓣
分布：花瓣(100%)
→来自pete,展开，词源同patent,feather.后用于指花瓣。
【记】pet追求，al所有＝all：所有人都追求绚丽多彩的花瓣
US ['petˌ-] noun countable
FLOWER 花
■any of the usually brightly coloured parts that together form most of a flower 花瓣
• rose petals 玫瑰花瓣
UK ['pet.əl] US ['petˌ-] noun countable
PERSON 人 UK informal
■a friendly way of talking to someone, especially a woman or child 宝贝，乖乖（尤用于称呼女性或孩子）
• What did you say, petal? 你说甚么，宝贝？

Word: pillow
Front: pillow
[ˈpɪləʊ] (高研四六托雅 4017/5447 -2)
Vocabulary: pillow
(once / 307 pages)
nv
A pillow is something you rest your head on while you sleep. Or, during a slumber party, a pillow could be used as a weapon.
While in some cultures people have used hard pillows made of stone or wood, it's most common today to sleep with your head on a pillow stuffed with feathers or foam. Many people also have pillows on their chairs and sofas, either as decoration or to make them more comfortable. During a "pillow fight," playful combatants hit each other with soft pillows.
WORD FAMILY
pillow: pillowed, pillowing, pillows
USAGE EXAMPLES
An accelerometer about the size of a quarter attaches to a pillow and tracks tosses and turns.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We slept in our car, and once, in the back of Foot Locker, using packs of socks for pillows.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
In 1959’s “Pillow Talk,” released three years before the first Bond film, Rock Hudson defined a certain version of the “ladies man” in romantic cinema.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 枕头; 垫子; 花边垫子
vt. 搁于枕上; 当作枕头用
vi. 以…为枕
时态：pillowed, pillowing, pillows
分布：枕(52%)，枕头(43%)，垫(4%)，搁(1%)
→来自古英语pyle,枕头，来自West Germanic*pulwi,借自拉丁语pulvinus,垫子，枕头，词源不详。
n.枕头The fellow's yellow pillow is hollowed by his follower.那个家伙的黄色枕头被他的跟随者掏空了.
US [-oʊ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a rectangular cloth bag filled with soft material, such as feathers or artificial materials, used for resting your head on in bed 枕头
• Do you prefer a feather pillow or a foam pillow? 你喜欢羽绒枕头还是海绵枕头？
 ADVANCED US for
■ cushion (= bag of soft material for sitting or leaning on) 坐垫；靠垫
n. 枕头
 - weeping willow

Word: planter
Front: planter
[ˈplɑ:ntə(r)] (11642/16545 -1)
Back: n. 种植园主，大农场主; 种植者，播种机; 殖民者; 培植器皿，花架
分布：种植者(42%)，殖民者(35%)，耕作者(23%)
→来自plant,植物，种植。
US ['plæn.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who grows a particular crop in a hot part of the world （热带的）种植者，栽培者；种植园主
• a tea/rubber planter 茶叶／橡胶种植者
■a large container in which plants are grown for decoration 花盆
■a machine used to plant crops 播种机
• a potato planter 马铃薯播种机
n. [农机] 种植机，播种机；种植者；种植园主；耕作者；殖民者
 - drill, sowing machine

Word: politico
Front: politico
[pəˈlɪtɪkəʊ] (19689/42397)
Vocabulary: politico
(once / 5686 pages)
n
Someone who's involved in politics can be called a politico. If you're managing your friend's campaign for school president while simultaneously running for school treasurer, you're a bit of a politico.
Politico is basically an informal way to say "politician," although the term also includes people who follow politics or act behind the scenes in the political arena. It's often used in a fairly negative way: "Those politicos will use any dirty tricks to get their guy elected." Politico is originally a Spanish word meaning "political."
WORD FAMILY
politico: politicos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a possibility some Texas politicos nonetheless are discussing.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ms. Delgado and Mr. Miller each declined to comment to Politico on Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Priebus intervened in an attempt to halt a floor vote, as reported by Politico, but conservatives forced one anyway.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （职业）政治活动家，政客
分布：政客(100%)
→来自意大利语politico,政客，词源同politician.

Word: plaything
Front: plaything
[ˈpleɪθɪŋ] (21197/20450)
Back: n. 玩物，供消遣的东西; <正>玩具
分布：玩具(44%)，玩物(37%)，被玩弄的人(19%)
noun countable
■an object used for pleasure or enjoyment, such as a child's toy 供玩耍的东西；玩具
• I keep all the children's playthings in that big cupboard. 我把孩子们所有的玩具都放在那个大柜子里。
• "Limousines and yachts are the playthings of the rich," he said dismissively. “豪华轿车和游艇是有钱人的玩物，”他轻蔑地说。
■someone who is considered or treated without respect and forced to do things for someone else's pleasure or advantage 被玩弄的人，玩偶
• These men's magazines just treat women as playthings. 这些男性杂志只把女性当作玩物。
n. 玩物； [轻] 玩具；被玩弄的人
 - toy

Word: profiteering
Front: profiteering
[ˌprɒfɪˈtɪərɪŋ] (26278/35501)
Back: n. 暴利，不正当利益
adj. 牟取暴利的
分布：不正当利益(40%)，动词profiteer的现在分词形式.(20%)，暴利的获得(20%)，获不正当利益的(20%)
n. 暴利；不正当利益
 - sudden huge profits, colossal profits

Word: quack
Front: quack
[kwæk] (宝 23929/20406)
Vocabulary: quack
(once / 1664 pages)
1nv 2nadjv
There are good quacks and bad quacks. A good quack is the sound a duck makes. A bad quack is someone pretending to be a doctor. (You'd be better off visiting the duck with your ailment.)
If you ever get a chance to interview a celebrity duck, prepare to write the word quack in your notebook many, many times, because that’s all that ducks can say. The way you spell animal sounds changes depending what language you speak. In English a duck quacks, but in Danish a duck "raps," while Indonesian ducks "wek," and Romanian ducks say "mac." And that "MD" who isn’t really a doctor, but is good at pretending to be one? He's a quack. If you ever meet a quack that "quacks," please run.
WORD FAMILY
quack: quacked, quacker, quackery, quacking, quacks+/ quackery: quackeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
As they say on Wall Street: When the ducks quack, feed them.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
She is now asking for financial help to send her to a “cancer clinic” known for being run by a quack doctor using pseudoscience.
Slate(Nov 23, 2016)
Since Brexit and especially after Donald Trump, the quack analysts have been out in force, holding aloft their quack explanations.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. <英>江湖医生; 江湖郎中; （鸭子的）呱呱声
vi. （鸭子）发出嘎嘎声
时态：quacked, quacking, quacks
分布：庸医(70%)，骗人的(10%)，大声闲谈(5%)，冒充内行的人(5%)，冒充内行(5%)，嘎嘎地叫(5%)
→拟声词，模仿鸭的叫声。词义江湖郎中缩写自quacksalver,狗皮膏药，来自quack,叫卖，salver,油膏。
【记】读：quick（adj 快的）见到庸医就快走
【反】honest practitioner（诚实的从业者）
verb intransitive
■to make the usual sound of a duck （鸭子）呱呱叫，嘎嘎叫
• The ducks started quacking loudly when we threw them some bread. 当我们向那些鸭子扔面包时，它们便呱呱地大叫起来。
[kwæk] noun countable
PERSON 骗子 disapproving
■a person who dishonestly pretends to have medical skills or knowledge 冒牌医生，江湖医生，庸医，江湖郎中
■UK informal often disapproving
■a doctor 医生
• Have you seen a quack about that cough? 你去医生那儿看咳嗽了吗？
[kwæk] noun countable
SOUND 声音
countable
■the sound that a duck makes （鸭子）呱呱的叫声，嘎嘎的叫声
n. 庸医；鸭叫声
 - barber-surgeon, empiricist
vi. （鸭子）嘎嘎叫；吹嘘；大声闲聊
 - crow about, brag about
adj. 骗人的；冒牌医生的
 - fallacious, deceptious

Word: radiological
Front: radiological
[reɪdɪəʊ'lɒdʒɪkəl] (22228/17477)
Back: adj. 放射学的，（应用）辐射学的
分布：放射线学的(100%)

Word: rechargeable
Front: rechargeable
[ri'tʃɑrdʒəbl] (22912/33983)
Back: adj. 可再充电的
分布：可再充电的(100%)
US [-'tʃɑ:r-] adjective
■able to be recharged 可充电的
• a rechargeable battery 充电电池

Word: reignite
Front: reignite
[ˌri:ɪgˈnaɪt] (22943/-)
Vocabulary: reignite
(once / 19408 pages)
v
To reignite something is to light it on fire again. If you want to reignite your campfire after pouring a pail of water on it, you'll have to find some dry wood.
You can literally reignite things like gas stoves, birthday candles, or sparklers if their flames have been extinguished. You can also figuratively reignite something by making it flare up in some way: "The release of the balloons at the end of the rally was sure to reignite the crowd's excitement." This word adds the "again" prefix re- to ignite, from the Latin root ignis, "fire."
WORD FAMILY
reignite: reignited, reignites, reigniting+/ ignite: ignitable, ignited, igniter, ignites, ignitible, igniting, ignition, reignite /igniter: igniters/ ignition: ignitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
By intervening, however, the central government would risk reigniting the passions that flared in 2014 when demonstrators paralysed business districts with sit-ins for several weeks.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
One Middle Eastern certainty is that it will reignite.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
These are just some of the things that people working to reignite journalism at a grass-roots level are trying.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 再点火，再点燃，重新激起
时态：reignited, reigniting, reignites
分布：再点火(51%)，重新激起(33%)，再点燃(16%)
verb transitive
■to make something such as a disagreement or worry that was disappearing grow stronger 重新激起
• The recent food-poisoning scare has reignited debate/concern/controversy over farming methods. 最近的食物中毒恐慌会再次激起了人们对耕作方法的辩论／关注／争论。
• There are fears that rising wages will reignite inflation. 有人担心工资上涨会再次引起通货膨胀。
vt. 再次点燃；重新激起…；再点火
 - rekindle

Word: rodeo
Front: rodeo
[ˈrəʊdiəʊ] (11402/34520 -1)
Vocabulary: rodeo
(once / 7859 pages)
n
A rodeo is a type of entertainment that shows off cowboy skills, such as wrestling steers and roping cattle.
In the western United States, a popular type of entertainment is an exhibition known as a rodeo. A rodeo is a place where cowboys demonstrate what they can do for a crowd. Many of these skills are dangerous, like wrestling a steer or riding a bull. Some skills involve lassos and other uses of rope, such as roping (tying up) a goat. These skills are for entertainment at a rodeo, but they're necessary on a cattle ranch.
WORD FAMILY
rodeo: rodeos
USAGE EXAMPLES
I met Mr. Diaz at the supreme manifestation of the state’s truck mania: the Texas Truck Rodeo.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Growing up in Hollywood “I was street smart, but unfortunately the street was Rodeo Drive.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
More and more, air passengers are responding positively to the Rodeo Drive-storefronts and gourmet restaurants that continue to pop up across airports, according to J.D.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 竞技表演，竞技者; （集中牛马的）圈地; （为打烙印的）驱集牛马; 牧人马术表演
vi. 竞技
分布：马术竞技表演会(50%)，将牛、马驱集在一起(50%)
→来自西班牙语 rodeo,集市牛栏，畜栏，来自 rodare,转动，旋转，来自拉丁语 rodare,转动，旋 转，词源同 rotary,round.即围起来的牛栏，后引申词义牛仔竞技表演。
UK ['rəʊ.di-] US ['roʊ.di.oʊ] (plural rodeos)
noun countable
■in North America, a sport and public entertainment in which cowboys show different skills by riding wild horses and catching cows with ropes （指北美的）牛仔竞技表演（如骑野马、用绳套牛等）

Word: rudely
Front: rudely
[ˈru:dli] (18837/18843 -K)
Back: adv. 粗鲁地; 不礼貌地; 猛烈地; 突然地
分布：无礼地(51%)，粗鲁地(33%)，粗陋地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
粗鲁的;无礼的;粗野的
When people are rude, they act in an impolite way towards other people or say impolite things about them.
例：He's rude to her friends and obsessively jealous...他对她的朋友很无礼而且嫉妒心重。
例：People were quite often rude about him, often the people he had helped...人们经常对他很无礼，其中有很多还曾得到过他的帮助。
ADJ-GRADED
(言语或行为)粗俗的，下流的
Rude is used to describe words and behaviour that are likely to embarrass or offend people, because they relate to sex or to body functions.
例：Fred keeps cracking rude jokes with the guests...弗雷德不停地和客人们开着粗俗的玩笑。
例：Luke made a rude gesture with his finger.卢克用手指做了个下流的手势。
ADJ-GRADED
突然的;猝不及防的;突如其来的
If someone receives a rude shock, something unpleasant happens unexpectedly.
例：It will come as a rude shock when their salary or income-tax refund cannot be cashed.如果他们的工资或所得税返还不能兑现，这对他们来说将是晴天霹雳。
ADJ
粗糙的;简陋的
Objects can be described as rude when they are very simply and roughly made.
例：Roden had already constructed a rude cabin for himself and his family in case of necessity.罗登已为自己和家人搭好了一个简陋的小木屋，以备不时之需。
PHRASE
体格健壮;身体强健
If someone is in rude health, they are strong and healthy.
例：He is in rude health and can cycle 40 or 50 miles non-stop.他体格强壮，能连续骑车四五十英里。
adv. 无礼地；粗暴地
 - rough, indecorously

Word: seaweed
Front: seaweed
[ˈsi:wi:d] (高托 13198/14677 -1)
Back: n. [植]海草，海藻
分布：海藻(68%)，海草(32%)
→sea,海，weed,草，杂草。
noun uncountable
■a green, brown or dark red plant that grows in the sea or on land very close to the sea 海草；海藻
n. 海藻， [植] 海草
 - varech, sea wrack

Word: sleight
Front: sleight
[slaɪt] (宝 23927/32692)
Vocabulary: sleight
(once / 7596 pages)
n
The noun sleight refers to being able to use your hands with ease, especially when doing a trick. Sleight is often used in the phrase "sleight of hand." If you are a good magician, you can make a coin disappear with sleight of hand.
The noun sleight refers to cunning or cleverness, especially when used to trick or deceitfully. You can use a sleight of mind to trick yourself into believing that if you eat a box of cookies at dinnertime it counts as dinner. The word sleight with its meaning as being sneaky has a long history and comes from the Middle English word, sleghth, which also meant cunning. Back then people would have pronounced the "gh" even though today we don't.
WORD FAMILY
sleight: sleights
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s the sleight of hand Bohjalian deals his readers in “The Sleepwalker.”
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
It was also a bit of sleight of hand.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
With this sleight of hand, even Revolution Day is now actually a celebration of the war effort.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （捏造假象或骗人的）手腕; 灵巧; （隐蔽的）敏捷手法; 狡猾
分布：熟练(44%)，诡计(28%)，巧妙(14%)，狡诈(14%)
【记】sl＝sly（adj 狡猾的）；eight－一个人的四面八方都狡猾－诡计
n. 手法，技巧；熟练，灵巧；诡计
 - technique, skill, facility, mechanism, scheme

Word: sitter
Front: sitter
[ˈsɪtə(r)] (11445/16389)
Back: n. 坐着的人，被画像的模特; 临时保姆; 孵卵鸡
分布：就座者(30%)，孵卵鸡(28%)，得分良机(14%)，临时看孩子的人(14%)，易做的或易捕捉的事物(14%)
US ['sɪtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who is having their portrait (= picture of their face or body) painted 摆姿势让人画像的模特儿，被画像者
■* a babysitter

Word: socialise
Front: socialise
['səʊʃəlaɪz] (-/15327)
Back: vt. 使适于社会生活; 使符合群体生活之需要; 社会主义化
vi. 参与社交; 交际
时态：socialised, socialising, socialises
分布：交往(55%)，交际(27%)，来往(18%)

Word: slither
Front: slither
[ˈslɪðə(r)] (宝 14125/12810 -1)
Vocabulary: slither
(once / 8152 pages)
v
Slither means to move in a sideways motion, usually silently. Snakes, of all kinds, slither, from the original snake in the Garden of Eden, to that untrustworthy-looking individual who approaches you in the street.
Slither comes from the Old English term slidrian, meaning "to slide on a loose or gravely surface." While slide is in some ways similar to slither, it lacks its truly nasty moral and physical associations. It's a safe bet that slitherers do not have your best interests at heart.
WORD FAMILY
slither: slithered, slithering, slithers, slithery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, you won't find Phasma in the scantily clad role of the hero nor will you see her as the stereotypical slithering, seductive female villain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
And so I slithered on my mirror and told my sister to call me Princess.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
For example, some robots slither over terrain like a snake.
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vi. 滑动; 滑行
vt. 使滑动
n. 滑动，滑行
时态：slithered, slithering, slithers
分布：动词(84%)，名词(16%)
→改写自 slidder, 滑行，来自 slide,滑动，-er,表反复。
【记】slit切口，her她：蛇从her的slit中slither进去。
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(of bodies) to move easily and quickly across a surface while twisting or curving （躯体）蜿蜒而行，曲折滑行
• She watched the snake slither away. 她看着蛇滑走了。
vt. 使滑动
 - slip, slide

Word: spicy
Front: spicy
[ˈspaɪsi] (研 7735/15166 -K1)
Back: adj. 辛辣的; 加有香料的，香的; 有刺激性的; （故事等）猥亵的，下流的
级别：spicier, spiciest
分布：辛辣的(84%)，香的(16%)
→spice,香料，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义刺激的，有趣味的。
a.香的,多香料的,辛辣的,下流的
adjective
FOOD 食物
 ADVANCED
■containing strong flavours from spices 加香料的；用香料调味的；味重的
• Do you like spicy food? 你喜欢味道辛辣的食物吗？
['spaɪ.si] adjective
EXCITING 刺激的
■exciting and interesting, especially because of being shocking or dealing with sexual matters 刺激的；（尤指）耸人听闻的，下流的，粗俗的
• a spicy novel 淫秽小说
• spicy details 粗俗的细节描写
adj. 辛辣的；香的，多香料的；下流的
 - blue, dirty

Word: sugarcane
Front: sugarcane
['ʃʊgəˌkeɪn] (17041/-)
Back: n. <植>甘蔗
分布：甘蔗(100%)

Word: understaffed
Front: understaffed
[ˌʌndəˈstɑ:ft] (21010/32984)
Back: adj. 人员不足的，人手不够的
分布：人员不足的(100%)
US [-dɚ'stæft] (also undermanned)
adjective
■If a shop, business or organization is understaffed, it does not have enough employees （商店、企业或机构）人手不够的，人员配备不足的
• The school was overcrowded and desperately understaffed. 这个学校学生过多，而教职工却严重不足。
Opposite overstaffed
adj. 人手不足的；人员不足的
 - short-handed

Word: tetchy
Front: tetchy
[ˈtetʃi] (-/35901)
Back: adj. 易暴怒的，脾气怪的
级别：tetchier, tetchiest
分布：易怒的(44%)，暴躁的(35%)，不和悦的(21%)
→词源不详，可能来自中古英语 tatch,斑点，标签，记号，来自古英语 tacen,记号，词源同 token. 插入字母 t,比较 bake,batch.词义受 touchy 影响。
adjective
■easily made angry, unhappy or upset 易怒的，暴躁的；情绪易波动的
• Be careful what you say to Anna - she's in a rather tetchy mood. 你跟安娜说话时得小心点——她今天情绪很不好。
adj. 易怒的，不和悦的；暴躁的
 - fierce, passionate

Word: warmonger
Front: warmonger
[ˈwɔ:mʌŋgə(r)] (宝 34880/46700)
Vocabulary: warmonger
(once / 28276 pages)
n
A warmonger is someone strongly pro-war. Warmongers favor war above all other options.
Words with monger in them usually refer to people who sell or promote something, like how a fishmonger sells fish. A warmonger is someone who is constantly promoting war: they always want to invade or attack another country, and they're very loud and persistent. This word is usually an insult, because it suggests the person wants war regardless of the cost and even if it isn't the best option.
WORD FAMILY
warmonger: warmongering, warmongers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the run-up to the US election, Russia’s state media portrayed Clinton as a warmonger.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
But that becomes harder to do when the president-elect is appointing scarily intolerant propagandists and warmongers to top White House posts.
Salon(Nov 23, 2016)
They are the “warmongers” demanding sanctions on Russia for invading Ukraine.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 战争贩子
分布：战争贩子(51%)，好战者(28%)，主战论者(21%)
→war,战争，monger,商人，贩子，中间人。
【记】war战争，monger（n 商人，贩子）：战争贩子
【反】pacifist（n 和平主义者）；dove（n 鸽子；和平）
US ['wɔ:rˌmʌŋ.gɚ] disapproving
noun countable
■a politician or other leader who is often encouraging a country to go to war 战争贩子（指热衷于挑起战争的政客或领导人）
n. 好战者；战争贩子；主战论者
 - fighter

Word: vacillate
Front: vacillate
[ˈvæsəleɪt] (宝 22784/33133)
Vocabulary: vacillate
(once / 2770 pages)
v
Vacillate means to waver back and forth, unable to decide. You might vacillate between ordering waffles and pancakes at your favorite diner — it’s hard to pick just one when both are so tasty!
Something that vacillates sways or fluctuates, often quite unsteadily. So use this verb to describe the staggering motions of a person who has had too much to drink, as well as the opinions of someone who can’t make up her mind. Synonyms include vibrate, hesitate, and waver. A wise Ethiopian proverb advises, "Do not vacillate or you will be left in between doing something, having something, and being nothing.”
WORD FAMILY
vacillate: vacillated, vacillates, vacillating, vacillation, vacillator+/ vacillating: vacillatingly/ vacillation: vacillations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s vacillated between praising Obama for how he’s handled the transition, and criticizing him over it on Twitter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Einstein himself vacillated for decades over whether gravitational waves should exist.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
I’d spent the three years vacillating between arrogance and panic.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vi. 摇摆; 振荡; 波动; 犹豫
时态：vacillated, vacillating, vacillates
分布：犹豫(55%)，踌躇(29%)，游移不定(16%)
→来自拉丁语vacillare,摇摆，犹豫，来自weng,弯，转，摇晃，词源同wink,winch.
【记】vac，ill，ate：生重病的时候吃饭－手摇摆的；嘴颤抖的
【反】resolve firmly（果断决定）；stand firm（坚定不移）；adamant（adj 坚硬的；固执的）vacillatory（adj 犹豫不决的）
['væs.ɪ.leɪt] disapproving
verb intransitive
■to be uncertain what to do, or to change often between two opinions 踌躇；犹豫；摇摆不定
• Her mood vacillated between hope and despair. 她时而心怀希望，时而感到绝望。
vi. 犹豫；踌躇；摇摆
 - hesitate, daiker

Word: vive
Front: vive
[vi:v] (-/36542)
Back: int. 万岁！
adj. 活泼的，有生气的
分布：万岁(70%)，鲜丽(15%)，活泼(15%)
adj. 有生气的；活泼的
 - alive, lively, activated, dynamical, friskful
int. 万岁
 - rah, huzza

Word: vega
Front: vega
['vi:gə] (-/26452)
Back: n. <西>（南美或西班牙的）低湿平原[草地]，（古巴的）烟草田; 烟田
分布：织女星(100%)

Word: versed
Front: versed
[vɜ:st] (雅)
Vocabulary: versed
(once / 1964 pages)
adj
To be versed in something is to know it well and have experience with it. If you’re well versed in Middle English literature, you know that Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales in 1475. Go you.
Versed comes from the Latin word versari which means basically “to busy oneself, to be engaged.” If you’re versed (sounds like “verst”) in a subject, you’ve busied yourself with it and now you know it well. A history professor is versed in history. Someone with a massive comic book collection is probably versed in superheroes. Sometimes people say a person is well versed instead of versed, but either way, that person knows what they’re talking about.
WORD FAMILY
versed: unversed+/ verse: versed, verses, versify, versing/ versification: versifications/versifier: versifiers/versify: versification, versified, versifier, versifies, versifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now young participants “are already fully versed in the issues and able to discuss them with great passion.”
New York Times(May 25, 2016)
Mr. Kudlow, while certainly versed in economics, is not an economist.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
I’m a veteran celebrity double by now, well versed in the routine.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 精通的，熟练的
分布：精通的(44%)，熟练的(40%)，造诣深的(8%)，动词verse的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
→来自拉丁语versus,转，翻转，词源versus,toward。引申词义反复的，精通的。
熟练的(会写诗歌,表示对语言运用的熟练)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [vɝ:st] formal
adjective
be versed in sth
■to know a lot about a particular subject or be experienced in a particular skill 对…很熟练；通晓；精通
• I'm not sufficiently versed in computers to understand what you're saying. 我对电脑不太精通，听不懂你的话。
adj. 精通的；熟练的
 - experienced, skilled, perfect, accomplished, clever

Word: zine
Front: zine
[zɪn] (28300/-)
Back: n. <美口>爱好者杂志（尤指科学幻想小说迷出版的或为他们出版的杂志）
[zi:n] informal
noun countable
■a small magazine that is produced cheaply by one person or a small group of people, and is about a subject they are interested in （小型的）爱好者杂志
n. 电子杂志；科幻小说杂志（等于Fanzine）
 - Ezine, e-journal

Word: wonderland
Front: wonderland
[ˈwʌndəlænd] (20202/19866 -1)
Back: n. 仙境，奇境; 奇特的地方
分布：仙境(74%)，奇境(26%)
→wonder,奇迹，幻想，land,土地，引申词义仙境。
US [-dɚ.lænd] noun countable
■a place that is especially attractive or beautiful 仙境；美丽的地方
• The family emigrated to New Zealand in 1949, which seemed a wonderland in comparison with post-war England. 这个家庭于1949年移居纽西兰，与战后的英格兰相比，这里像是一个仙境。
n. 奇境，仙境；非常奇妙的地方
 - elfland, fairy land

Word: yeo

Word: anode
Front: anode
[ˈænəʊd] (六 32962/41002)
Back: n. 阳极
分布：阳极(89%)，正极(11%)
→前缀ana-, 向上。词根hod, 路，见odometer, 里程计，同词根ced, 走。
US [-oʊd] specialized
noun countable
■one of the electrodes (= objects that electricity moves through) in a piece of electrical equipment; the negative electrode in a battery and the positive electrode in an electrolytic cell 正极，阳极 Compare cathode
n. [电子] 阳极， [电] 正极
 - positive pole, positive electrode

Word: astrophysics
Front: astrophysics
[ˌæstrəʊˈfɪzɪks] (20187/-)
Vocabulary: astrophysics
(once / 14503 pages)
n
Astrophysics is the study of stars and other objects in space, and the way they move and change over time. If you're fascinated with black holes, you may want to go into astrophysics.
Complicated subjects like galaxy formation, the possibility of time travel, and the way the solar system has evolved are all included in the branch of astronomy known as astrophysics. When you study astrophysics, you apply the concepts and theories of physics to astronomic observations. Astrophysicist came first, from the Greek aster, or "star," and ta physika, "the natural things," or "natural science."
WORD FAMILY
astrophysics: astrophysical, astrophysicist +/astrophysical: astrophysically/ astrophysicist: astrophysicists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Astrophysics, and the smaller world of women in science, said farewell to a pioneer and a champion in Vera Rubin.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
David Friedberg, a former Google programmer with a degree in astrophysics, hopes to overcome these challenges with a new vegetarian chain called Eatsa.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Flying with the Mercury legend “was like playing basketball with Michael Jordan or doing astrophysics with Albert Einstein,” his crewmate Parazynski recalled.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 天体物理学
分布：天体物理学(100%)
→词根astro, 星。physics, 物理，词源同be.
天体物理学(astro+physics物理学)[astro,aster=star,表示"星星"]
US [-troʊ-] noun uncountable
■the type of astronomy which uses physical laws and ideas to explain the behaviour of the stars and other objects in space 天体物理学

Word: ascetic
Front: ascetic
[əˈsetɪk] (托宝 18114/19696)
Vocabulary: ascetic
(once / 1113 pages)
nadj
Want to live an ascetic lifestyle? Then you better ditch the flat panel TV and fuzzy slippers. To be ascetic, you learn to live without; it's all about self-denial.
Ascetic is derived from the Greek asketes, meaning “monk,” or “hermit.” Later that became asketikos, meaning “rigorously self-disciplined,” which gives us the Modern English ascetic. Ascetic can be a noun: a person with incredible self-discipline and the ability to deprive herself, or an adjective that describes such a people or their lifestyle.
WORD FAMILY
ascetic: ascetical, ascetically, asceticism, ascetics+/ asceticism: asceticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is not to suggest she lived the life of a do-gooding ascetic.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
His house has no modern conveniences, and the clinic he soon goes to, staffed by slim women with light-colored eyebrows, is similarly ascetic.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Although the king’s personal habits, often bordering on the ascetic, were viewed by many Thais as beyond reproach, his family life was at times rocky.
Washington Post(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 禁欲的; 禁欲主义的; 苦行的; 克己的
n. 苦行者，禁欲者，禁欲主义者
分布：禁欲的(50%)，苦行者(50%)
→来自希腊语askeo, 修行，特指宗教人士的苦修。可能来自askos, 同skin, 借指放弃一切舒适的裸体隐修，包括衣服，以达到一种灵魂的超越。如印度耆那教天衣派。
静欲的(ascet练习+ic...练习苦行...苦行的)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
苦行者(ascet练习+ic...练习苦行)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【记】a一个，sce读：腮－用一个腮呼吸的鱼。明明有两个腮，只用一个，剥夺了自己呼吸的权利，留下更多的氧气给别的鱼儿。不仅如此，由于没有吸入足够的氧气，体力不足以与其他鱼儿交配。我们管这种伟大的鱼叫苦行鱼、禁欲鱼！As好像，ce色：好像是色眯眯的，说明还不是色眯眯的，但又不敢色眯眯的：这种人就叫禁欲者。
【反】sybarite（n 纵情享乐者）；voluptuary（n 酒色之徒）；indulgent（adj 纵容的）；libertine（n 放荡不羁者）；hedonist（n 享乐主义者）；sumptuous（adj 奢侈华丽的）；
US [-'setˌ-] adjective
■avoiding physical pleasures and living a simple life, often for religious reasons （常指因宗教原因）苦行的，禁欲的，过清苦生活的
• They live a very ascetic life. 他们过着清心寡欲的生活。
UK [ə'set.ɪk] US [-'setˌ-] noun countable
■someone who lives an ascetic life, often for religious reasons 苦行者；苦行修道者
• He lived as an ascetic. 他过着苦行者的日子。
adj. 苦行的；禁欲主义的
 - austere
n. 苦行者；禁欲者
 - disciplinant, fakir

Word: barilla

Word: authentication
Front: authentication
[ɔ:ˌθentɪ'keɪʃn] (25693/35132)
Back: n. 证明，鉴定; 身份验证; 认证; 密押
分布：鉴定(70%)，证明(30%)
n. [法] 证明；鉴定；证实
 - certification, demonstration, identification, proof, evidence

Word: bate
Front: bate
[beɪt] (-/39753)
Vocabulary: bate
(once / 905 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To bate means to hold back or restrain, and you may see it in language that's either old or meant to sound old. A relative of bate appears in the phrase "with bated breath," which describes what you do when you anxiously wait.
If you're awaiting the results of your hot-dog eating contest "with bated breath," you're so anxious and excited that you're holding your breath (and maybe you had too many hot dogs). Bate also turns up in the obscure vocabulary of falconry, a sport that involves training birds of prey to hunt. When a falcon is sitting on its perch and excitedly beats its wings as if to fly away, the bird is said to bate.
WORD FAMILY
bate: bated, bates, bating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bates said he mistook his handgun for a stun gun when he shot a restrained Harris during an illegal gun sales sting.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Bates was sentenced to four years in prison.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“It’s the most beautiful thing I’ve ever read in my entire life,” district spokesman Jer Bates said at the board meeting.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 减轻; 压制; 减去; 使软化
vi. <方> 减少; 减弱; 衰落; 变弱
n. （制革用的）软化剂
时态：bated, bating, bates
分布：使软化(41%)，减少(33%)，抑制(26%)
vt. [皮革] 使软化；减少；缓和
 - relax, melt
vi. 减弱；衰落
 - fall, lower, decline

Word: balm
Front: balm
[bɑ:m] (宝 14452/20024 -1)
Vocabulary: balm
(once / 970 pages)
n
If your lips are cracked and dry, lip balm will make them feel better. A balm is a soothing substance with a consistency somewhere between solid and liquid.
The ointment-like consistency is part of what the word balm means. It comes down from the word, balsam, which is a gummy substance that comes from trees. You can use the word metaphorically too. If your mother's cooking always makes you feel better no matter how bad things get, you can say her home cooking has been a balm for you in trying times.
WORD FAMILY
balm: balms, balmy +/ balmy: balmier, balmiest, balmily, balminess
USAGE EXAMPLES
She sets the pieces into place and motion; she’s the inspiration and guiding spirit, the story’s balm and soul.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Humor is a balm; I needed badly to smile, and Austen was irresistible.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Sometimes the right balm for hard times is a bombastic pop jam to get lost in.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 香油，香脂; 芳香，香味; 镇痛软膏; [植]白壳杨
v. 安抚，安慰; 止痛; 在…上搽香油
分布：香油(65%)，药膏(35%)
→来自希伯来语，芳香，香料，香木。
香油;安慰物[balm=balsam,表示"香油"]
【记】读：爸母。就是奶奶，老一代的祖传秘方配置者，主要功效用于镇痛，并且还能散发出芳香。用palm（n 手掌）balm你！可以使你calm
【反】irritant（n 刺激物）
noun countable or uncountable
■an oil that comes from particular tropical trees and is used especially to treat injuries or reduce pain （尤指用于疗伤、镇痛的）香脂油，软膏
• a new skin balm 新的护肤膏
■something that gives comfort 安慰物
• Her gentle words were a balm to me. 她温柔的话语给了我极大的安慰。
n. 香油；镇痛软膏；香峰草， [树脂] [药] 香树膏
 - sesame oil

Word: bigg

Word: byzantium

Word: burgundy
Vocabulary: burgundy
(once / 32561 pages)
n
The dark red color of red wine is burgundy. The burgundy leaves of an oak tree in October are particularly stunning.
Your sofa might be upholstered in burgundy velvet, and your favorite shoes might be made of shiny burgundy leather. In both cases, the color is such a deep red that it's nearly purple, or even black. The color known as burgundy comes from the wine of the same name, a dark, dry red wine that's traditionally made from grapes grown in and around Burgundy, France.
WORD FAMILY
burgundy: burgundies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flowers include red amaryllis, variegated spider amaryllis, burgundy and red roses, red lilies and gloriosa lilies.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
When choosing between leaves outlined in yellow, splashed with pink, or dappled with gold or burgundy, always keep weather endurance and winter light in mind.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The room is dim, with saffron walls and burgundy banquettes; masks of Hindu deities keep vigil.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)

Word: bespectacled
Front: bespectacled
[bɪˈspektəkld] (20148/20539)
Back: adj. 戴眼镜的
分布：戴眼镜的(100%)
→前缀be-, 强调。词根spect, 看，同spectacle,眼镜。
adjective formal
■wearing glasses 戴眼镜的
• a small, bespectacled man in a drab suit 戴着眼镜、穿着浅褐色西装的小个子男人

Word: booty
Front: booty
[ˈbu:ti] (12826/15290)
Vocabulary: booty
(once / 1229 pages)
n
Booty is treasure — money, jewels, and the like — obtained by criminal means, especially plundering or pillaging. If you're in the Caribbean on vacation, you could spend some time looking for buried pirate booty.
Although booty originally meant stolen goods from war or pirating activities, the term is now sometimes used more generically to mean any riches or treasure. Although you may feel as though you plundered your own bank account to buy new clothes for yourself, all the booty you brought home from the mall might make you decide that it was worth it.
WORD FAMILY
booty: booties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Look at the war booty,” says one of the Isis fighters in the video.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Fans sang along and shook booties and vied for the kiss cam.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Gregory Hayes, CEO of United Technologies, gets his share of the booty.
Salon(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 战利品; 获得之物; 赃物; 臀部
分布：战利品(66%)，赃物(29%)，奖励(5%)
→原指奖赏，词源不详。词义受boot（益处）影响。词义由奖赏到战利品可参照英法16，17世纪官方文件letter of marque, 私掠许可证。当时英法政府为发展海上力量，打击对方，鼓励民船海盗船可以对过往商船进行合法抢劫，所掠财物部分作为奖赏。
US [-tˌi] noun
STOLEN GOODS 赃物
uncountable
■any valuable things or money stolen by an army at war or by thieves 战利品，掠夺物；赃物；赃款
UK ['bu:.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
BODY PART 身体部位
countable US slang
■the part of the body that you sit on; bottom 屁股
n. 战利品； [法] 赃物；获得之物
 - prize, capture, theft

Word: cafeteria
Front: cafeteria
[ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə] (高研四六雅 7076/19059 -1)
Vocabulary: cafeteria
(once / 6848 pages)
n
A cafeteria is a restaurant where you serve yourself, then pay a cashier. Most schools have a cafeteria serving up sloppy joes and square pizza.
"Let's go to the cafeteria!" usually means "Let's eat!" Most people think of school cafeterias, but they can exist elsewhere — a lot of Ikea stores actually have cafeterias for the customers. Cafeteria-style refers to any restaurant where you grab what you want and then pay for it before eating. Cafeterias usually aren't known for having the best food in the world, so if you have another option, go for it.
WORD FAMILY
cafeteria: cafeterias
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mini-farm in the cafeteria at Philip’s Academy is a significant piece of technology.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The Americans showed Hollywood movies in their cafeteria.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Another assumed on sight that he worked in the company cafeteria.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 自助餐厅
分布：自助餐厅(100%)
→词源同coffee. -teria, 地名后缀。原指兼卖咖啡的小餐馆。
n.自助食堂The slave safely saved the sharp shavers in a cave nearby the cafeteria.奴隶将锋利的剃刀安全地保存在自助餐厅附近的洞穴里.
US [-'tɪr.i-] noun countable
■a restaurant (often in a factory, a college or an office building) where people collect food and drink from a serving area and take it to a table themselves after paying for it （常指工厂、大学或办公大楼内的）自助餐厅，自助食堂
cafeteria, cafe, restaurant
这组词都有“饭店、餐馆”的意思，其区别是：
cafeteria: 指顾客自取食品到餐桌就餐的餐馆。
cafe: 源于法语，指可供茶、咖啡等饮料和小食品的饮食店。
restaurant: 最常用词，指有各种规格、营业时间固定、供应不同风味菜肴和饮料的食店或大餐厅。
n. 自助餐厅
 - self-service restaurant

Word: chastity
Front: chastity
[ˈtʃæstəti] (16601/20203)
Vocabulary: chastity
(once / 1685 pages)
n
If you practice chastity, it means you aren’t having sex of any kind, perhaps because you’re waiting until you get married, or maybe because you believe sex is evil.
Chastity comes from the Latin word castus, meaning “morally pure,” and preserving your chastity means you are keeping your body pure and free from sexual relations, at least for now. Some religious figures take a vow of chastity so they can focus their thoughts on their faith, while many young people save their chastity for when they fall in love. Heard of a chastity belt? It’s an uncomfortable garment that protects your chastity, whether you want it protected or not.
WORD FAMILY
chastity: chastities+/ chaste: chastely, chasteness, chaster, chastest, chastity, unchaste/unchaste: unchastely, unchastest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Invariably the “honor” of a family is tied to a woman’s chastity.
Seattle Times(Oct 30, 2016)
I'll file it with similar favorites: "I thought it was a marriage vow, not a vow of chastity."
New York Times(Oct 15, 2016)
Some activists have mocked the whistle strategy, asking whether officials might issue chastity belts next.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 纯洁，贞洁，纯朴; 贞操; 童贞
分布：贞节(68%)，纯洁(32%)
→来自chaste, 贞结。
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■the state of not having sexual relationships or never having had sex 纯洁，贞洁；贞操；禁欲
• As a monk, he took vows of chastity, poverty and obedience. 作为一名僧侣，他发誓禁色、安贫、顺从。
n. 贞洁；纯洁；简洁
 - purity, immaculacy

Word: cocoon
Front: cocoon
[kəˈku:n] (宝 14249/20154)
Vocabulary: cocoon
(once / 3591 pages)
nv
Cocoon means a silky web spun around the larvae of many insects; it can also mean a form a self-protection for humans. Famously, caterpillars emerge from their cocoons as butterflies.
For some people, their house is a cocoon, a cozy retreat from which they can escape the world. They cocoon themselves away for a whole weekend, reading, drinking tea, not answering email or the phone. Another word for cocoon is "chrysalis," but only in the context of insects.
WORD FAMILY
cocoon: cocooned, cocooning, cocoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
No one reasonable really expects right-wing Christian conservatives to escape their own cocoons.
Salon(Dec 03, 2016)
Donald Trump is a creature of the nurturing electronic cocoon that disrupts or replaces reality, an overlord of consumerism.
Salon(Dec 03, 2016)
Between his legs hung a limp cocoon that seemed smoother, free of the wrinkles that crisscrossed the rest of his body like mosquito netting.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 茧，蚕茧
vt. 把…紧紧包住
时态：cocooned, cocooning, cocoons
分布：茧(90%)，包裹(5%)，茧状物(4%)，包围(1%)
→词源同conch, 蛤蜊。-oon, 大词后缀。即比喻被硬壳保护的。
【记】三个ooo破了两个cc
noun
COVER 覆盖物
countable
■the covering made of soft smooth threads that surrounds and protects particular insects during the pupa stage as they develop into adult form 茧；卵袋
[kə'ku:n] noun
PROTECTED PLACE 受保护的地方
countable usually singular
■a safe quiet place 安全宁静的地方；避风港
• the warm, safe cocoon of childhood 童年生活的温馨安逸、备受呵护
[kə'ku:n] verb transitive usually passive
■to protect someone or something from pain or an unpleasant situation 给…加上保护层，将…裹住
• As a student you're cocooned against/from the real world. 作为一名学生，你处在与现实世界隔离的环境之中。
n. [昆] 茧；卵囊
 - oocyst

Word: daunting
Front: daunting
[dɔ:ntɪŋ] (托 7463/8477 -1)
Vocabulary: daunting
(once / 4946 pages)
adj
Something daunting can scare you off. If you have a lot of studying to do, it may seem like a daunting task. Good news is you can get through it by working hard. Or weasel out of it by playing sick.
Often used in the phrases “daunting prospect” and “daunting task,” daunting describes something that you are not looking forward to doing. Having to fill out complicated tax forms every year is a daunting task for many people. Once a daunting task is complete, you no longer describe it as daunting, but instead can call it a job well done, or at least another life experience survived.
WORD FAMILY
daunting: dauntingly+/ daunt: daunted, daunting, daunts/daunted: dauntedly, undaunted / undaunted: undauntedest, undauntedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If an hour or more of intense exercise seems daunting — and it does to me — don’t despair.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
But it would be daunting for any of those drivers who can’t find a job with similar pay, especially during some lag period.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That was when she stumbled into the most daunting problem in modern astronomy: the discovery that most of the universe is invisible.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人畏惧的; 使人气馁的; 令人怯步的
v. 威吓(daunt的现在分词); 使气馁; 使害怕; 使失去信心
分布：令人畏惧的(93%)，动词daunt的现在分词.(7%)
US ['dɑ:n.tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve something 令人发怵的；使人气馁的
• In spite of unification, the country was still faced with the daunting prospect of overcoming four decades of division. 国家虽然实现了统一，但仍然面临着弥合40年的分裂这一难题。
adj. 使人畏缩的；使人气馁的；令人怯步的
 - dispiriting

Word: daisy
Front: daisy
[ˈdeɪzi] (托 10897/9305 -1)
Back: n. 雏菊; 菊科植物; <俚>名流，上等品
adj. 雏菊一样的; 上等的
分布：雏菊(84%)，菊科植物(16%)
→来自短语day’s eye. 因这种花朝开暮合而得名。
noun countable
■a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre, which often grows in grass 雏菊
n. 雏菊；菊科植物；极好的东西
 - marguerite, compositae
adj. 极好的；上等的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great